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VVor'd Chriſtians need not learn Moralitie.
NE IBS ox "aa? Tom [75 1
T be Frontiſpiece Explain'd.
Rave, Learned Plytarch, like the glorious Sun
JAlone Triumphant 1n his Radiant Throne,
'th* mid amongſt the Planets, who receive
Their luſtre thence : So by His Pen he gives
The Nobleſt Greek and Roman Heroes,
Whom Rome or Athens, choileſt Nurleries , :
Or other places had brought forth, new Lives.
Their crymbled Statues, by all-cating-Time
Long fince devofir'd,] He recommends to Fame
Their better part, their Splendid Actions,
Land and Sea-fights, *heir Conſultations ;
:
" O47
. *
g- Deep Plats, .auctMlifify Stratagems,
Cloſe
Policies3\and that myſtetious Gem, / |
The Art of Conquering and Governing,
The Gown and Sword ( both juſtty meriting
_ ViRtorious Bazes) impartially, who Crowns,
And Him too, by whoſe breath Hey Trumpet's blown,
rtal too.
eath'd-Orb, doth Typific
ick out Eternity 5
, and ſhowres its influence
thy juſt ſoul cannot diſpenſe
imes ; both bafe DetraCtion,
Happy, Great Plutarch, who rms them their due,
Thb Serpentine-
And Hierog|l
And, Courts-peſt, fervile Adulation,
VVhoequally gontemn'lt ;*and ſo mak'ſt good,
Their choice,* who being askt,VVhat 'twas they wou'd
Reprieve fro 'th' flames, ſhould { too lately ſome
Have wiſht the ſame, and worſe )) that Barb'rous doom
Find execution, ſhould all Books be burn'd
That treat of Humane Learning? they return'd
+ This Anſwer, 'Twas Thy Works 3 Thou do'ſt, they knew,
In thy unflattefing Mirror, clearly ſhew
VVhat ſteers the VVorld ; to th life do'ſt repreſent
Vertue and Vite, Reward and Patiſhment.
Let Truths out-balance Fiftions, and ther read
VVhat's in Romanza's feign'd, here Verifi'd.
V'Vhence Nobler Spirits will ſublimate their flame ;
Baſer, amend perhaps, if but for ſhame.
* ApoBo's ( lovier if PauPs ) Prieſt, from Thee
IFET OOO OT FFP
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LIVES
— OF THE NOBLE,
Grecians & Romans.
Compared together , by that Grave Learned
PHILOSOPHER & His TORIlOGRAPHER
PLUTARCH
9,5 Of CHARONE MA.
I Tranſlated out of Gr = « into Faxz x cn, by
Auxerre , one of the Kings Privy Counſel , and great Almner of Fzaxcn,
With the Lives of
HANNIBAL & SCIPIO AFRICAN;
+ Tranſlated out of LaT1N into Fxexcn , by
CHARLES del ESCLUSE,
And out of Fx ENCH into ENGLISH,
By Sir THOMAS NORTH Knight,
Hereunto are added the Lives of Era w1inoxDas, of Pw1iL1e of Macedos Of
LU1I@Ny $11 $ the Elder, Tyrant of Sicilia,of AuGusTus CaASAR, of PLUTARCH,
and of Sk N & C 4 ; With theLives of Nine other Excellent Chieftains of War : Collected out
of &£MyLius PRvBUS, by S.G.S$. And Engliſhed by the aforeſaid Tranſlator,
{ To which are alſo added, ,
£6: The Lives of Twenty Selected f |
E MINENT PERSONS
Of Ancient and latter times , Tranſlated out of the Work of that famous
Hiſtoriographet to the King of FRawncsz and Pota np;
41XN,DREW THEVET.
To which , for clearer Explanation and Emendation of the former Tranſlation ( in
ſeveral places) are ſubjoyned Notes and Explications upon PtLuTaRcHs Lives,
Colleted omof XYLANDER,CRUSERUS HENRY STEPHA NUSand
others, with theS YN cCHRONIS MSandCoTEMPORARY PERSONS
with T 4 E 1; Shewing the ſeveral Ages in which They lived,
And now in this Edition are further added ,
The L1vESsSof Several EminenT PERSONS
Tranſlated out of the aforeſaid AnDrtEw THEvVErT.
on D———
CAMBRIDGE, |
© Printed by {obn H1aye:, for George Sawbridge it the Bible on Ludgate- Hill , London ,
AnunwS DFemw Do LaSVE,
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| By the Grace of God, of England , France and Ireland
' Quiten,; Deſentler'of che Faith , &c.
EET. | der hope of your Highneſs Gracious and accuſto-
| kT XIE med Favour , \I have preſumed to preſent here un-
(09% ER to your Majeſty , ?lutarchs Lives Tranflated-; as
SY 2 Book fir. to: be | protected by your Highneſs ,
2 4 A! and meet” tobe ſet forth in Z»giſb, For who is
PAAENRESS fitter to give countenance to ſo many.
SW then ſuch an High and. Mighty Princels'2>
wo YER +: 1 fitter. to-revive th memory. of their.
chen ſhe that beareth the'livelyimage'of their Vertues who if
to Authorize 'a'. work bf fo great Teatning add Wiſdom 5 then
whom-all do.honour as.the Mule of the warld ?\Therefare.L\bum-
bly: beſeech+your Majeſty; to ſuffer \'the ſimpleneſs-of my Franſla-
rion , to be Toyered under the ampleneſs of your Highnef 'ptoteRti-
| on.+ For , Moſt, Gracious Soyeraign,, though this Book be'nga Book
for your Majefties {elf who are meeter to be the'\chief Story", then
a Studenc therein , and can bercer- underſtand/it in; Greek ; then ary
x a Ap Engl : ye Thope the-comm For of your Subje&s
ſhall-not only profit themſelves hereby , butalſo. be animated tothe
better ſervice of your Majeſty. For among'allthe prophane Books
that are in reputation at this day, there is none ( youe Highneſs beſt
knows ) that teacheth ſo much Honour , Love, Obedience, Reverence,
Zeal ;'and'Deyotion to Princes, as theſe Lives of Faith _Jo.* How
many examples ſhall your Subjects read here, of ſeveral Perſons and
A Armies, of Noble and Baſe, of Young and Old , that both by
Seaand Land, at home and abroad have ſtrained their wits, not regar-
ding their ſtates., ventured their perſons, yea caſt away their Lives,
not-onely for honour and ſafety, but alſo for the pleaſure of
their Prince -?
* | Fheh wellmay the Readers think, if they have done this for Heathen
Lins: what ſhould we do for Chriſtian Princes ? If they have done this
for Glory , what ſhould wedo for Religion? If they have done this
3 | A 3 without
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"bh of ——_—_y what ſhould we do, that it look for immor-
tality ? And ſo adding the encouragement of theſe examples , to the for-
wardnelſs of their own diſfoſitipns ;wharfervice is there in war , what
honour in peace, which they will not be ready to do, for their worthy
Queen ?
Sy efore t your Hi eſs may give grace to the Book 7and
Ia hink Ge26 PMs w/. have iTtanſlared & yur
f French ad do here moſt ; HAT gs the fame unto your High-
nal 49 ; beſeeching your with all humility,not to reje&t the good
"_ oirs of od hog oſthumbleand jient
mW 1 F g and
EEE.)
Wien the 16, of &— | Your Majlis moſt bumble |
Fame), 1579. | and obedient ſervane””
| Thomas NORTH, _
-O3}0193K DIE i
$10 $- = | + "1
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of vomm_rmgedn with your own eligence and
| nee $6 raft bins , gow nay prove. wor ſelves,
re 10009, pr dy better then All other learning # private,
Fa: 'Univerſpties the 5, folerof [7 lation then' experience, mort com-
1s themſelves ; then profitable uno others, "Whereas Stories are fit for Sh f th
ſerve aliribes,naact the living, reviys the dev, ſo far exevlling #1l «t
pſee Lens in Aoblemens Lives, then to'readit wn Pluloſophers- writings. Now for
| will.not Pao £15 ater Fir meu for 1. my needs love him with whom” I have
winch pain : : but 17 1'wight be bold to affirm, that be bath written the profitableſt $1e-
im whore. Far all ber were totakg their matter ys 4: the fortune of tbe Countries wheye-
wrote , fell out : Bur this excellent in Wit, learning, and experience , hath choſen
al, Aft; of rhe bef refers, of he ferel Novo of the world. . Bat 1 wil leave the
ſelves. . 2 hich ii rodefirs you to excuſe the fawlrs of my tranſlation,
Fees pm ” M7 IT = a interns. And 67 1 wiſh:yas all
-te rope oh | |
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- = READERS
Wa
Da reading of Calls which bring but a vain and unprofi@ble pleaſure tothe *
716 wo: 1s juſtly. miſliked of wiſe and grave men. ,, Again, the reading of ſuch
DK o but onely bring profit, and make the Reader to be in love therewith, and
” do not eaſe the pain of the reading by ſome plealantneſs in the” ſame : do ſeem
FT ſomewhat barth to divers delicate wits , that cannot tarry long upon them.
ſuch Books as yeeld leaſure and profit , and do bothdelighr and teach,
.,haye all char, a wan can delire why they ſhould be univerſally liked and allowed
All ſorts of men, according to the conimon ſaying of the Poet Horace ©
. Thathe which matchet profit with Lbight,
* ... Doth win the prize mn every point aright, | ,
his effe& 4.dy reaſon the one runneth with the vis 7 din the
ht ting the more becauſe of the profir.- This commendation intng
3 of- tories, ,, to have pleaſure ,and 'profic hat «
ting in this wiſeArra inA more allowarice' |
.lh reſpe& whereo it.may be rea hably avowed, rs.” more,
their grave and wiſe wiring have deſerved the name of Hiftoriogra='
Tet adn #0 ory 1s eltly I of notable”
ies paſt; maintkif the cdrtinual remnetabrance of thy wy pid re
: e-bo © 6f mens conceits and devices, withovt the FI ations of
well-near unprofitable : {6 may it alſo'be.faid', that, an His
hope doings had, fa ings of men and the Wonder-
7 hi continuance of tirne' forth ') are preferved
upon it riſet Fry lato the wile [7 th, that the name of Hiſtory!
| y ting of our memoty, Mijn otherwiſe would be
gre | unro it,it we'do no
won davis was any afe r Fenn
1n fe tir av Is e of thi (thriptr.opobnbk
os | "oa and to hank” a5,is tobe ſeen
arbarous p throrht the rev-found Lal in the Weſf
ge of paſt | well 'near eight” bundred
Rant durableft monument that
wes 16 immorraliy. For ey
- N6r” pillat ,'nbr furipryous
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To the Readers.
table ) ſetteth before our eyes the things worthy of remembrance , that have been done in old time by
mighty Nations, Noble Kings and Princes,wiſe Governors,valiant Captains, and perſons renowned for
ſome notable qualitiesggepreſenting unto us the manners ot ſtrange Nations,the laws and cuſtoms ot old
- time,the particular affairs of mien ,, their conſultations and enterpriſes , the means that they have uſed
to compaſs them withal,and theix-demeaning of themſelves when they were come to the higheſt, or
thrown pak gc pre degree of ſtate. So asit is not poſlible foxany caſe to riſe, either in peace or
—
ne o——e -
war, in publick or-private affairs, but that the perſon which ſhall have diligently read , well conceived,
and throughly remembred Hiſtories , ſhall find matter in them whereat ro take delight , and counſel
whereby to reſolve himſelf to rake a part , or give advice unto others, how to choole in doubtiul and
dangerous caſes that which may be for the moſt profit, and-ip time to find out to what point the matter
will come,if it be well handled : and how to moderate himſelfin proſperity , and how to chear up and
bear himſelf in adverſity. Theſe _ it doth with much greater grace , efficacy , and ſpeed, then the
Books of Moral Philoſophy do : ſoraſmuch as examples are of more force to move , and inſtruct, then
are the arguments and proofs of reaſon,or their preciſe precepts, becauſe examples be the very forms of
our deeds,and accompanied with-all circumſtances, Whereas reaſons and demonſtrations are general
and tend to the proof of things, and to the beating of them into-underſtanding : and examples tend to
ſhewing of them in praiſe and execurion,, becauſe they do not onely declare what is to be done , but
alſo work a deſire to do it, as well in reſpec of a certain natural inclination which all men have to fol-
low examples; as al{g for the beauty of Vertue, which is of ſuch power,that whereſoever ſhe is (cen ſhe
maketh her ſelf to beloved a'd liked, Again, ir doth things with grearer weight and gravity , then the
inventions and devices of the Poets : becauſe it helpeth nor it ſelf with any other thing then with the
plain truth, whereas Poetry doth commonly enrich things by commending them above the Stars and their
deſerving, becauſe the chief intent thereot is ro delight, Moreover, it doth things with more grace and
' modeſty then the Civil Laws and Ordinances do : becauſe it is more grace for a man to/teach and in-
firud , then tochaſtiſe or puniſh. And yet for all this, an Hiſtory alfo hath his manner of puniſhing
the wicked, by the reproach of everlaſting infamy,wherewith ir defaceth the'r remembrance ; which 1s
a great mean to withdraw thein from vice,who otherwiſe would be leudly and wickedly diſpoſed. Like-
wiſe on the contrary part, the immortal. praife and glory wherewith it rewardeth well-doers, is a very
lively and ſharp ſpur for men of noble courage and gentleman-like nature, to cauſe them to adventure
upon'all manner of noble and great things, For books are full of examptes of men of high courage and
wiſdom, who for deſire to cotinye the remetiibrance of their name by the fure and certain record of
Hiftories , have willingly yeelded their lives to the ſervice of the Common-weal , ſpent their. goods,
fuſtained infinite pains both of body and mind in defence of the opprefſed,in making common buildings,
in ſtabliſhingof Laws and. Governmenes , and in the finding ont of Arrs and Sciences neceffary for the
maintenance and ornament of mans life : for the faithful regiſtring, whereof , che thank is due ro Hiſto-
ries. And although true Vertue ſeek no reward of her commendable doing like a hireling , but con-
renteth her ſelf with the conſcience of her Well-doing : yetnotwithſtanding I am 'of opinion , that it
is good and. meet 40 draw men by all means to good doing ; and good men ought not to be forbidden
ro hope for the honour of their yertuous deeds , ſeeing that honour doth naturally accompany verrue; as
the ſhadow doth the body. For we commonly fee, that not to feel the ſparks of defire of honoar, is
an infallible lign of a baſe, vile, and clowniſh nature : and that ſuch as count it an unneceſſary, needleſs,
or unſcemly thing to be praiſed, arelikewiſe no doers of any things worthy of praiſe, but arecommon-
ly men of faint courage,whoſe thoughts extend no further then to their lives, whereof alſo they have no
further remembrance,then is before their eyes. But if the counſel of 61d men be to be greatly eſteemed,
becauſe they muſt needs have ſeen much by reaſon of their long life : and if they that have travelled long
in ſtrange Countries , and have had the managing of many affairs, and have gotten great experience of
the doings of this world , arereputed for Sage, and worthy to have the reins of great Governments
put into their hands ; how greatly is the reading of Hiſtories to be eſteemed , which is able to furniſh
us with more examples in one day , then the whole courſe of the longeſt life of any man is able to do ?
Inſomuch that they which exerciſe themſelves in reading as they ought to do, although they be but
young, become ſuch in reſpe& of underſtanding of the affairs of this world, as if they were old and
ray headed, and of long experience, Yea though they never have removed 'out of their houſes , yer
- they advertiſed, informed, and ſatisfied of all thingsin the world , as well as they that have ſhortned
their lives by innumerable travels and infinite dangers, in running over the whole earth that is inhabit-
ed : whereas on the contrary patt , they that are ignorant of the things that were done and cameto paſs
before they were born, continue till as children, though they benever ſo aged, and are but as tran- -
'ers in their own native Countries. To be ſhort, it may betruely ſaid , that the reading of Hiſtories
1 the Schbol of Wiſdom, to faſhion mens underſtanding , by confidering adviſedly the ftate of the
world that is paſt, and by marking diligently by what laws, Manners , and Diſcipline , Empires, King-
doms , and Dominions, have in old time been ftabliſhed , and afterward maintained and increaſed : or
contrariwiſe changed, diminiſhed , and overthrown, Alſo weread, that whenſoever the right Sage and
Vertuous Emperor of Rome, Alexander Severgs , was to cgnſult of any matter of great importance,
whether it concerned Wars, or Government : he always called ſuch to counſel , as were reported to be
well ſeen in Hiſtories, Notwithſtanding I know.there are that will ſtand againſt me in this point, and
_upbold, that the reading of Hiſtoriescan ſerve to ſmall purpoſe, or none ar all , towards the getting of
$kill: becauſe kill conſiſteth in aRion , and is gendred by the very experience and praiſe of things
that he hath ſeen with his eyes , and found true by proof , according to the ſaying of the Ancient Poet
Afranins : My
Ng
p ;
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C&
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To the Readers.
My name is Skill, my Syre experience bight,
And Mumory bred and brought me forth to light.
Which thing was meant likewiſe by the Philoſopher that ſaid,that the hand is the inftrument of skill. By
reaſon whereof it cometh to paſs ({ay they ) that ſuch as ſpeak of matters of Government and ſtate , but
ſpecially of macters of war by the book , ſpeak but as book Knights, as the French Proverb termeth
= after the manner of the Greczans, who call him a book Pilot , which hath not the ſure and cer- _
tain knowledge of the things that he ſpeaks of : meaning thereby, that it is not for a man to truſt to the
underſtanding which he hath gotten by reading, in things that conſiſt in the deed doing, where the hand
isto be ſer to the work: no more then the often hearing of men talk and reaſon of painting, or the diſput-
ing upon colours,without raking of the penſil in band, can ſtanda man in any ſtead at all to make him a
ood Painter, But on the contrary part, many have proved wiſe men and good Captains, which could
neither write nor read, Beſides this, they alledge further that in matters of war, all things alter frem
year to year; by means whereof the (leights and policies that are to be learned out of books, will ſerve the
turn no more then Mines that are blown up. According whereunto Cambyſcs telleth his ſon (yrs in
Xenophon,that like as in Muſick the neweſt ſongs are commonly the beſt liked of for once, becauſe they
were never heard of afore : So in the wars, thoſe policies that never were practiſed afore,are thoſe that
take beſt ſucceſs, and commonly have the beſt effet, becauſe the enemies do leaſt doubt of them, Never-
theleſs I am not he chat will maintain, that a wiſe Governour of a Common-weal , or a great Captain,
can be made of ſuch a perſon, as hath never travelled our of his ſtudy, and from his book : howbeit thar
which Cicero writeth of L»cius Lucnullu,is true, that when he departed out of Rome as Captain Gene-
ral and Lieutenant of the Romans, to make war againſt King Afirhri/ates, he had no experience at all
of the wars, and yet afterward he beſtowed ſo great diligence in the reading of Hiſtories, and in confer-
ring upon _ point with the old Captains and men ot long experience whom he carried with him,that
by the time of his coming into Aſia, where he was indeed to pur his matters in execution , he was found
10 be a very ſufficient Captain,as appeared by his deeds : inſomuch that by thoſe ways, clean contrary to
the common order of war,he diſcomfited two of the mof: puiſlant and greateſt Princes that were at that
time in. the E2ſt. For his underſtanding was ſo quick, his care ſo vigilant,and his courage fo great,thar
he needed no 1ong training,nor groſs inſtruRion by experience. And although 1 grant there bave been
divers Governours and Captains,which by the onely force of nature ( furthered by long continued ex-
perience)have done goodly and great exploits : yet can it not be denied me,bur thar if they had matched
the gifts of nature with the knowledge of learning and the reading of hiſtories, they might have done
much greater things,and they might have become much more pertect. For likeas in every other cunning
and sk1ll whereina man intendeth to excell ; ſo alſoto become a perfect and ſufficient perſon to Govern
in peace and war,there aretbree things of neceſſity required, namely, Nature , Art , and PraQtice, Na-
ture (in the caſe we treat of) muſt furniſh us with a good mother-wit , with a body well diſpoſed to en-
dure all manner of travel, and with a good will to advance our ſelves ; Art muſt give us judgement and
knowledge, gotten by the examples and wiſe diſcourſes that we have read and double readin good Hi-
ſtories : and PraRtice will get us readineſs, aſſuredneſs, andthe caſe how to put things in execution. For
though Skill be the ruler of Joing the deed, yet it is Vertue of the mind which teacheth a man the mean
point between the two faulty extremities of roo much and too little , wherein the commendation of alt
doingsconſfiſteth. And whoſoever he is that goeth about to atrain to it by the onely tryal of experience,
and had rather learn it at his own coft,then at another mans : he may well be of the number of thoſe that
are touched by this ancient Proverb,which ſaith, E xperzence 3s the Schock-miſirs of fools : becaufe mans
life is ſo ſhort, and experience is hard and dangerous , ſpecially in matters of war , wherein( according
ro the ſaying of 7 amechus the Athenian Captain ) a man cannot fault twice , becauſe the faults are fo
reat, that moſt commonly they bring with them the overthrow of the ſtate, or loſs of the lives of thoſe
Far do them, Therefore we muſt not tarry for this wit that is won by experience , which cofteth ſo
dear ,and is ſo long in coming,that a man is oft times dead in ſeeking ot it before he have attained it, ſo
as he had need of a ſecond life to employ it in, becauſe of the overlare coming by it. But we muft make
ſpeed by our diligent and continual reading of Hiſtories both old and new , that we may enjoy this hap-
pineſs which the Poet ſpeaketh of :
A happy wight « be that by miſhaps
Of other s,doth he ware of «fterclaps.
By nurhoge Cyr wins, thoſe that ſay that paper will bear all things: if there be any that unworthily
take upon them the name of Hiſtoriographers,and do deface the dignity of the ſtory for hatred or favor,
mingling any untruth with it:that is not the fault of the Hiſtory,bur of the men that are partial, whodo
abuſe that name unworthily,to cover and loak their own paſſions withall, which thing (hall never come
ro paſs, if the writer of the ſtory have the roperties that are neceſſary required in a ſtory-writer , as
theſe : That he ſet afide all affection, be void of envy ,batred and flattery ; that he be a man experienced
in the affairs of the world,of good utterance and j ent,to diſcern what is to be ſaid, and what to be
leftunſaid ; and what would do more harm to haye it declared,then do good to have it reproved or con-
demned : foraſmuch as his chief drift ought to beto ſerve the Common-weal , and that ir is butas a re-
giſter to fer down the judgements and dehnitive ſentences of Gods Court, whereof ſome are given ac-
cording
To the Reaters.
LL -
—— _— — — —— _
i = b
-— A F A
4 PRA” 0 -.. A 6s : _—
WO "eB Oo Sen
—
———
cording to the ordinary courſe and capacity of our weak natural reaſon, and other ſome go according
to Gods infinite Power and Incomprehenſible Wiſdom,above and aþainſt all diſcourſe of mans under-
ſtanding,who being unable to reach the bottom of his judgements,and to find out the firſt motions and
Srounds thereof,do impute the cauſe of them to a certain tortune , which is nought elſe bur a fained de-
vice of mans wit,dazeled at the beholding of ſuch brightneſs,& confounded at the gazing of ſo bottom-
leſs a deep : howbeit,nothing cometh to paſs nor is done without the leave of him thatis the very right
and truth it ſelf,with whom nothing is paſt or to come,who knoweth and underſtandeth the very ori-
ginal cauſes of all neceſſity. The conſideration whereof teacheth men ro humble themſelves under his
mighty hand,by acknowledging that there is one firſt cauſe which over-ruleth nature , whereof it
—_—_— neither hardinels is always happy,nor wiſdom always ſure of good ſucceſs. Theſe ſo no-
table commodities are every were accompanied with ſingular delight, which proceedeth chiefly of diver-
ſiry and novelty ,wherein our nature delighterh,and is greatly deſirous of : becauſe we having an earneſt
inclination towards our beſt proſperity and advancemenr,it goeth on ſtill, ſeeking in it every thing which
it taketh to be goodly,or good in this world, Bur foraſmuch as it findeth not wherewith to content it
ſelf under the cope of heaven, it is ſoon weary of the things that it had earneſtly deſired before , and ſo
goeth on wandering inthe unskilfulneſs of her likings , whereof ſhe never ceaſeth to make a continual
changing untill ſhe have fully ſatisfied her defires, by attaining to the laſt end,which is, to be knit to her
chief telicity,where is the ſul] perfection of all goodlinels and goodneſs, This liking of variety cannot
be better relieved then by that which is the finder out and the preſerver of time, the tather of all novelty,
and meſſenger of antiquity. For if we find a certain fingular pleaſure, in hearking to ſuch as be returned
from ſome long voyage,and do report things which they have ſeen in ſtrange Countries,as the manners
of people, the natures ot places,and the faſhior.s of lives,differin from ours: and if we be ſometime ſo
raviſhed with delight and pleaſure at the hearing of the talk of ſome'wiſe,diſcreet, and well-ſpoken old
man,from whoſe mouth there floweth a ſtream of ſpeech ſweeter then hony , in rehearſing the adven-
tures which he hath had in his green and youthful years,the pains that he hath endured,and the perils that
he hath over-paſſed , ſo as we perceive not how the time goeth away : how much more ought we to be
raviſhed with delight and wondring, to behold the ſtate ot mankind ,and the true ſucceſs of things, which
antiquity hath and doth bring forth from the beginning of the world , as the ſetting up of Empires, the
overthrow of Monarchies, the riſing and falling of Kingdoms , and all things elſe worthy admiration,
and the ſaide lively ſer forth in the tair, rich, and truetable of Eloquence ? And that ſo lively , as inthe
very reading'6fthem we ſee our minds to be ſo touched by them, not as _ the things were already
done and x. ra as thoughithey were even then preſently indoing, and we find our ſelves carried away
with gladneſsand grief through fear or hope | well near as though we were then at the doing of them :
whereas notwithſtanding we be nor in any pain or danger,but onely conceive in our minds the adyverſi-
tiesthat other folks have endured, ourſelves fitting ſafe with our contentation and eaſt, according to
thoſe yerſes of the Poet Laucretins 5: * * * |
It is a pleaſure for to fit at eaſe
Upon th: Land, and ſafely for to ſee
How «ther folks are toſſed on'the Seas, © '
That with the bluſtering winds turmoiled be.
8 Not that the fight 4 others miſeries
hy | ' Doth any way the honeſt heart delight :
But for becauſe it liketh Well cur : yes.
To ſee barms free, that on our ſelues might light,
Alſo it is ſeen thatthe reading of Hiſtories doth ſo hold and allure good wits , that divers times it not
only maketh 'them to forget all other pleaſures, bur alſo ſeryerh very fitly to turn away their griefs,and
ſometimes alſo to remedy their diſeaſes, As for example; we find it written of Alphonſua, King of
N aple:,that Prince ſo greatly renowned in C hronicles for his wiſdom and gpodnefs, that being ſore fick
in the City of Capaa, when his Phyficians had \ pent.all thecunning that they had to recover him his
health,and he ſaw that nothing prevailed ; he determined with himfelf to rake, no more medicines,but for
his recreation cauſed ghe ſtory of Quintus Curtius,concerning the deeds of Alexander the Great, to be
read before him: at the hearing whereof he took ſo wonderful pleaſure, that nature gathered ſtrength
by it,and overcame the waywardnels of his diſeaſe. Whereupon, having ſoon recovered his health, he dif-
charged his Phyficians with ſuch words astheſe-; Feaſt me no more with your Hippocrates and Galen,
fith they can no skill to help me to recoyer my, bealth:but wel fare, 2uintwe,Curtius,that could ſo. good
$kill ro help me to recover my health, Now if the reading and'knowledge' of Hiſtories,be delightful and
profi:able ro all other kind of folk : I ſay it is much more for great Princes arid Kings, becauſe they have
to do with charges of greateſt weight and difficulties, to be beſt ſtored with pifts 3nd knowledge tor the
diſcharge of their duties: ſeeing the ground of tories is, ro'treat of all matiner of high marters of eſtate,
as wars, bartels, Cities, Countries, treaties of peace and alliances ; and therefore itfeemeth more fo,
them,then for any other Kind of degrees of men': becauſe they Veing bred andhrought up rendetly Zand
at their eaſe;by reaſon of the great regard/and care that is had of their perſphs ( as meet is fox ſo great
ſtares to have)they take not ſo great pains intheir youth fot the learning of thihigs as behooveth thbfe to
take, which will learn thenobltancient languages,and'the painfol. do&rme comprehended in Philofopby.
Again , whenthey conleto' mais eſtate, their charge callettithiem to deal in great affiirs ſo as there're-
maineth
To the Readers.
maineth no exerciſe of wit more convenient for them,than the reading of Hiſtories in their ownTongue
wh:ch without pain is able to teach them even with great plea'ure and eaſe , whatſoever the painfull
Works of the Philoſophers concerning the Government -of C ommon-wealths, can ſhew them
to make them skilfull in the well Ruling and Governing of the People and Countries that God hath
put under their ſubjection, But the worſt is , that they ever ( or for the moſt part ) have ſuch man-
ner of perſons about them , as ſeek nothing elſe bur to pleaſe them by all the ways they can, and
there are very few that dare tell them the truth freely in all things : Whereas on the contrary
part, an Hiſtory Hattereth them : ot, but laycth open before their «yes, the faults and vices of ſuch
as were like them in greatneſs of Degree. And therefore Demerrixe Phalerins ( a man renowned
as well for his skill in the good Government of a Common-weal, as for his excellent Knowledge
otherwiſe ) counſelled Prolomy , firſt King of Egypr after the death of 4lexandey the Great, that he
ſhould often and dil;g-ntly read the Books that treated of the Government of Kingdoms, becauſe
( ſaid he ) thou ſhalt find many things there , which thy ſervants and familiar friends dare not
tell thee : Moreover this is another thing , -that ſuch great Perfonages cannot eaſily travell cut
of the bounds of their Dominions, to go view ſtrange Countries, as private perſons do : becauſe
the jealouſie of their Eſtate, and the regard of their Dignity, r:quires that they ſhould never be
in place where another man might command them. And otcentimes tor want of having ſeen the
Countries , and known the People and Princes that are their neighbours , they have adventured
upon Attempts without good ground : To avoid the which , the inſtru&t:on they may have by the
reading of Hiſtories , is one of the eaſieſt and fitteſt remedies that can be found. And though there
werenone other cauſe then onely this laſt , ſurely it ought to induce Princes to the often and diligent
reading of Hiſtories, wherein are written the Heroicall {Jeeds of Wiſe and Valiant Men,(peci:lly of
K ings that have been before them : the confidergzion whereof may cauſe them to be defirous to become
like them, ſpecially which were of Stately and Noble Courage : becauſe the ſeeds of Princely Vertues
that are bred with themſelves , do then quicken them up with an emulation towards thoſe that have
been or are equall in Degree with them, as well in reſpeR of Nobleneſs of Blood, as of Greatneſs
of State, ſo as they be loth to give place to any perſon, and much lefs can find in their hearts
to be out-gone in Glory of Vertuous doings. Whereof innumerable examples might be alledged, if
the thing were not ſo well known of it ſelf, that it were much more againſt reaſon to doubt of it , than
needfull ro prove it. Therefore a man may truely conclude , that an Hiſtory is the School-Mifſtris
of Princes, at whoſe hand they may without pain, in way of paſtime, and with ſingalar pleaſure
learn the moſt part of the things that belong totheir Office, Now, according to the diverſity of
the matter that it treateth of, or the order and manner of writing that it uſerh, it hath fund
names given unto it : but yet among the reſt, there are iwo chief kinds. The one, which ſetteth
down mens doings and adventures at length , is called by the common name of an Hiſtory : The
other , which declarerh their natures , ſayings and manners, is properly named their Lives. And
although the ground of them both do cloſe very near in one , yet doth the one re!pe&t more
the Things, and the other the Perſons : the one is more common, and the other more private: the
one concerneth more the things that are without the man, and the other the things that proceed from
within: The one , the events; the other , the conſultations : between the which there is oftentimes
great odds, according to this anſwer of the Perſian $iramnes , to ſuch as marvelled how it cameto
paſs, that his devices being ſo politick , had ſo unhappy lucceſs : It is ( quoth he ) becauſe my de-
vices are wholly from mine own i:-vention , bur the effe&ts of them are in the diſpofftion of For.
tune and the King. And ſurely among thoſe that ever have taken upon them to-write the Lives
of Famous men , the chief prerogative, by the judgement of ſuch as are cleareſt ſighted, is juſtly
given to the Greek Philoſopher P1atarch, born in the City of Cherenea intheC ountrey of Be.
otia , a Noble man, perfe& in all rare Knowledge, as his Works may well put men out of doubt ,
if they liſt to read them through, who all his life lorg , even to his old age, had todeal in affairs
of the Common-weal , as he himſelf witneſſeth in divers places , ſpecially in the Treatife which
he intituled , whether an old man ought to meddle with the Goyernment of a Common-weal
or not : and who had the hap and Honour to be Schoolmaſter tro the Emperour Trajan , as is
commonly beleeved , and as is expreſly pretended in a certain Epiſtle ſer before the Latine Tranſla-
tion of his matters of State , which (to ſay the truth) ſeemerh in my judgement to be ſomewhat
ſuſpicious , becauſe I find it not among his Works in Greek : beſides that ut ſpeaketh as though
the Book were dedicated to 7r4jan, which thing is manifeſtly diſproved by the beginning of che
Book, and by divers other reaſons. Yet notwithſtanding, becauſe methinks it is ſagely and gravely
written, al well-beſeeming him , I have ſet it down here in this place : P/utarch unto Trajan
ſendech greeting : ** I know well,that the modeſty of your nature was not defarous of Soveraignty,
* though you have always endeavourtd to deſerve it by your Honourable converſation: by reafon
* whereof you have beenthought ſo much the worthier of it, as you have been found the further off
&« from all ambition, And therefore I do now rejoyce in your vertue and my Fortune , if it beſo
& oreat as to cauſe you to adminiſter that thing with Juſtice, which you have obtained by Deſert.
* For otherwiſe, 1am ſure you have put your ſelf in hazard of great danger , and me in perif} of
& {landerous tongues , becauſe that Rome cannot away with a wicked Emperour , and the common
© voice of the people is always wont to caſt the faults of the ſcholars in the teeth of their School-
* maſters: As for example, Seneca is railed upon by flanderous tongues , for the faults of his ſcho-
* lar Nero: The capes of 2uintilians young ſcholars , are imputed ro Qxintilian himſelf : and:
&« Socrates
————
To the Readers.
———— IR
& Socrates is blamed for being too mild to his hearers, But as for = , there is hope you ſhall do
* all things well enough , ſo you keep you as you are, If = firſt ſer your ſelf in order, and
« then diſpoſe all other things according to Vertue , all things ſhall fall our according to your deſire,
<< ] hayeſet you down the means 1n writing, which you muſt obſerve for the well governing of your
« Common-weal , and have {hewed unto you of how great force your behaviour may be in that
« behalf, If you think good to follow thoſe things,you have P1#tarch for the director and guider
&« of your life: if not, 1 proteſt unto you by this Epiſtle, that your falling into danger, to the over-
<« throw of the Empire , is not by the Doctrine of Plutarch, This Epiſtle witnefleth plainly, that
he was the Schoolmaſter of 7 _—_ , Which thing ſeemeth to be avowed by this writing of Swidas :
Plutarch being born in the City of Cheroxea in Beotia, was in the time of the Emperour 7 ra-
jan , and ſomewhat before. But Trajas honoured him with the Dignity of Conſulſhip , and
commanded the Officers and Magiſtrates that were throughout all the Countrey of 1/yria, that they
ſhould not do any thing without his Counſell and Authority, So doth S#4das write of him. And
I am of opinion, that T raja: being ſo. wiſe an Emperour., would never have done him ſo great Ho-
nour, if.he had not thought himſelf greatly beholden to him for ſome ſpeciall cauſe. Burt the
thing that maketh me moſt to believe it true, is, that the ſame goodnels and juſtice appeared to be natu-
rally imprinted in moſt of Tr4jans ſayings and doings, whereof the pattern and mould ( as a man may
rerm it) is caft and ſet down in P/wtarchs Morals, ſo as men may perceive expreſly, that the one
could well skill ro perform rightly, that which the other had taught wiſely : For Dion writeth,
that among other Honours which the Senate of Rowe gave by Decree unto Trajan , they gave him
the title of the Good Emperour. And Emtropins reporterh,that even unto this time , when a new Em-
perour came to be received of the Senate , among the cries of good handfell, and the wiſhes of good
luck that were made unto him , one was; Happier bethou than eA»g «ſts, and better then Trajay.
Howſoever the caſe ſtood, it is very certain that PJurarch Dedicated the colleQtion of his Apo; h-
thegmer unto him, But when he had lived a long time in Rowe , and was come home again to his
own houſe, he fell to writing of this excellent Work of Lives, which he called P azallelon, as much
to ſay, as a coupling or matching together, becauſe he matcheth a Grecian with a R:may, ſettir
down their Lives each after other , and Comparing them together, as he found any likeneſs of Na-
ture, Conditions, or Adventures betwixt them , and examining what the one of them-had better or
worſer , greater or lefſerthan the other: which things he doth with ſo goodly and grave Diſcourſe
every where, taken out of the deepeſt and moſt hidden lecrets of morall and naturall Philoſophy , with
ſo ſagePrecepts and fruitfull }nſtruQions , with ſo efteCtuall commendation of vertue, and deteRtation
of vice, with ſo many goodly allegations of other Authors , with ſo many fit compariſons, and with
ſo many high inventions ; that the Book may better be called by the Name of the Treaſury of all rare
and perfe& Learning,than by any auother name. Alſoir is ſaid, that Theodor Gaza,a Grecian of fin-
gular Learning, and a Worthy of the ancient: Greece , being asked on a time by his familiar friends
( which ſaw him ſo earneſtly given to his ſtudy that he forgot all other things ) What Author he had
levereſt chooſe, if he were at jhat point that he muſt needs chooſe ſome one to hold him to alone, did
anſwer, that he would chooſe P/xtarch, becauſe that if they were all put together, there wasno one
both ſo profitable , and ſo pleaſant to read, as he. Soſſizs Sexecio to whom he Dedicateth his Work,
wasa Senator of Rome, as witneſſeth Djor , who writeth that the three perſons whom Trajan moſt
loved and hottured, were Soſſius, Parma, and Celſus, infomuch that he cauſed Images of them to be
ſet up. TruGit is that he wrote the Lives of many other men , which the ſpitefulneſs of the time hath
bereftus of , among which he himſelf maketh mention of the Lives of Scip:o Africanus , and Merel-
Ins Numidicus, And T have read a little Epiſtle of a ſon of his, whoſe name is not expreſſed , co-
pied out of an old copy in the Library of S* Markin Yenice , wherein he writeth to a friend of his,
a Regiſter of all the Books that his Father made : and there among the couples of Lives, he ſetteth
down the Lives of Scipio and Epaminongas, and laſtly, the Lives of Auguſtus Ceſar, of Tiberius, of
Caligula, of Claudius, of Niro), of Galba , of Viteltins , and of Ortho, But having uſed all the dili-
gence that I could in ſearching the chief Libraries of Yenice and Rome, I could never find them
out, Onely I drew out certain diverſities of readings, and many corrections , by conferring the
old written Copies with the printed books : which have ſtood me in great ſtead to the underſtanding
of many hard places - and thereare a great number of them which I have reſtored by conjeRure, by the
judgement and help of ſuch men of this age , as are of greateſt knowledge in Humane Learning, Yet
for all this, there remain ſome places unamended, howbeit very few, becauſe ſome lines were wanting in
the Originall Copies, whereof ( to my ſeeming ) it was better for me to witneſs the want by markin
it with ſome ſtar , than to gueſs at it with all adventure, or to add any thing to it. Now finally, If [
have overſhot my ſelf in any thing, as it is very eaſie to doin ſo hard and long a Work, ſpecially to
a man of ſo ſmall ability as I am: I beſeech the Readers to vouchſafe for my diſcharge , ro admit the
excule which the Poet Hoyace giveth me,where he Caith -
A man may well be overſeen
In works that lorg and tedious been,
_— that of ſo many good.men men,and of kill , as have heretofore ſet hand to the tranſla-
ting Ot 1t, there was neyer yet any one found,that went through with it in any Language, atleaſt.
wiſethat: I haye ſeen or heard of : and that ſuch as have enterpriſed to tranſlate it , ſpecially into
Latine,
To the Reader.
——.
Latine . have evidently witneſſed the hardneſs thereof, as they may exlily perceive which liſt to con-
fer their Tranſlations with mine. Nevertheleſs if it ſo fortune that men find nor the ſpeech of
this Tranſlation ſo flowing , as they have found ſome other of mine, that are abroad in mens hands ;
1 beſeech the Readers to con(1der , that the office of a fir Tranſlator conſiſteth not onely in the faith-
full expreſſing of his Authours meaning, but alſo ina certain reſembling , and ſhadowing out of the
form of his le , and che manner of his ſpeaking: unleſs they will commit the errour of ſome Pain-
ters, who having takenupon them to-draw a man lively, do painthim long where he ſhould be ſhort ;
and groſs where he ſhould be ſlender, and yet ſer our the relemblance of his countenance naturally,
For: how hatſh or rude ſoever my ſpeech be , yet am I ſurethat my Tranſlation will be much eafter ro
my Coun rymen, than the Greek Copy is, even ro ſuch as are beſt practiſed in the Greek Tongue,
by reaſon of Plutarch's peculiar manner of inditing ,' which is rather ſharp, learned and ſhort, than
plain, poliſhed, and eaſte. Ar the hardeſt, although I have not compaſſed my matters ſo happily as
e would have wiſhed and deſired : yet 'do 1 hope that your Lordſhips in reading it will hold the
Tarrics good will excuſed, which hath raken ſuch paias in doing of it to protit you, Ard if my labour
be ſo happy as to content you, God be praiſed for it, which harh given me the grace to finiſh ut.
The T aB Lz- of the Noble CGrecians and Romans,
Comparediby PuuTarca of (heronea.
Heſeus. Pag.1.T 4 / Nicias, Pag. 450.
Romulus. 15" TComp red. JL, Marcus Crafſus. G 276 Compared, 483,
Lycurgus. 33- Sertorius. 486.
uma Pompilius. 33-0 Comp wed, 63, [Servorke dar o ompared. 508,
Solon. 60. Ageſilaus.
Publicola, | $a pComp _ fs —\. nora I Compared, 557,
- ve . | Alexander. 5 oy Compared, 636
Pticles 1608 Julius Czar. 591. . 616,
Fabius Maximus. - 163. Phocion. 623.
Cato Urtican, 637.
Alcibiades. y Wu 203 .
Coriolanus. of : "| Agis & Cleomenes, x ed
Paulus Amylius. : 237 Tiberius &CaiusGracchi.682. pra
Timoleon, Demoſthenes, 699.
Pelopidas. 270, Cicero, 711 "> Compared,
Marcellus. . ; Demetrius. 732-Lc 4
Ariſtides. ' 302. | Antonius, mag, £ Ly
Marcus Cato. 288. ArtaxerXxes.
Philopcemen. J + - 328.|Dion.
T. Q. Flaminuus, 3193, Marcus Brutus,
Pyrrus. Aratus.
Caius Marius, . Galba
Lyſander. 376 dCompared. 406.1 Otho.
4 nach 409 ECom ared. 448. ear ican. Bag pComp a
your "6h 421, Pares. Scipio African, 96.
7 Lives added.
Pag. 917., Thraſybulus. Pag. 1020.
932. | Conon, 1021.
Iphicrates. 1023,
Chabrias, 1024.
Plutarch. 979. | Timotheus. IO2$,
Seneca, 997. Datames. 1026,
Miltiades, 1015. |Hamilcar. 1030,
Pauſanias, 1018.
Epaminondas.
Philip of Macedon,
Dionylws the Elder, 944.
Octavius Czar, 959.
—_—
—
VI —_—_—
F
— ——
_ mm———_
Lives added on the Impreſsion, 1657.
Conſtantine the Great. Pag. 1.] Tamberlain Emperor of the Tartars, 42
Archimedes 4 Phil: ſopher of Greece, 5.| Priſcian the Cxfarean Grammarias. 6
Diogenes the Grecian Phil ſopher, 7. Artemiſia the 3ife of Mauſolus Xing of
Conſtantine Paleologus. 10.| Caria, or Halicarnaſſes in Greece. c 48
Cxſsr £lavius Juſt nianus. 13.|Marcus Terentius Varro., 51,
Abiſtode che Stagiritian Philoſopher, 17.| Hiſmael Sophi Xing of Perſia,
Homer the Grecian Peer... 22.| George Caſtriot, calledScanderbeg Prince
Sapph the Lesbian Poereſs. 25.| - of Epire,
Saladin the Sultan of Kgypt. 27. | Tamombevs the laſt Soldan of Egypt.
Edward Princeof Wales. 30, jrrrone>an King of Very, 66.
Charlemain or Charles the Great, King of c John Guttemberg « Moguntian, Inventey of
France, and Emperonr of Roe. 54." the Art of Pranting, © 69.
]
= Lyves added on this Imprefsion , 1676.
— - —
Ferdinand Cortez a Spamard, Pag. 75.\ Quoniambec 86.
Baſil Duke of Muſcovy. 79. |Chriſtopher Columbus @ Genoeſe, 88.
Sebaſtian 1. King of Portugal, 82,
T H E
FF MY
OF THE NOBLE
Greeks and Romans.
The moſt of them compared together by that
graye and Learned Philoſopher and Hiſtoriographer,
P'L WG21::A EQ H
NEA
THESEUS
IKE as the Hiſtoriographers which do ſet forth the Defcription. of the Earth in
WAS. Figure (my Friend Soſſius Senecio ) are wont to place in the lowermoſt part $offius Senecio
f FARg of the Maps, the far diſtant Regions unknown ungg. them, and: to mark m' the a Senator of
37 Margent ſuch like Notes and Reaſons as theſe : Beyond theſe Countries are no- K9m-
| P thing but deep dry ſands without water, full of foul ill favoured venemous beaſts,
10d or much myd unnavigable, or ScxTa1a forſaken for cold,or elſe the Sea frozen
A with Ice : Evenſointhis my Hiſtory, I could ſpeak of ftrange things, and,
Sheri » moxe ancient, and further off from mens memory. But herein I have compared
the Lives of ſome Noble men, the one with the other, having followed all thoſe times, whereof -the
Monurtents, remain yet fo whole, that men may ſpeak of very great likelihood , or rather write # *
very.troth, What hath been written before, is buc of ſtrange faynings, and full of monſtrous fables,
imagined and deyiſed by Poets, which are altogether uncertain, and moſt untrue. Howbeit having
heretofore ſet forth the Lives of Lycargus (which eſtabliſhed the Laws of the L+ cxysmox1axs) and
of King N\yma Pompilins, mechought 1 might with reafon alfo afcend unto the time of Remnlus,
lithence I was come fo near unto his time» Wherefore having Idng debated with my ſelf what
e/E/chilns the Poet faid ; B : Phat
-
La adind edt ed P
.
In AI IS rg ”
BN 70 x
Meat. Pw c
" "THESEVUS.
Theſeus and
Romutus very
like,
what Champion may with ſuch a man compare ?
Or who (think, 1) ſhall be againſt him ſet ?
Who u ſo bold ? or who u he that dare
| Defend his force in ſuch encounter met. ?.
Tn the end I reſolved to compare him whicti did' fer up the noble and famous-City of Arzuzxs,
unto him which founded the glorious and invincible City of Rox## Wherein I would have wiſhed
that the Fables of her Antiquity had been ſer out ſo in our writings, that we might yet have graced
them with ſome appearance of Hiſtorical narration. | But if by chance in ſome places they range
2 little too boldly out of the bounds or limits 'of true appearance, and haye no manner of con-
formity with any credibleneſs of matter : the Readers in courteſie muſt needs bold me excuſed, ac-
cepting in good part that which may be written and reported of things ſo exrreamly old andyricieng.
Now ſurely methinks, that Theſes in many things was much like unto” Rownlas.? For being both be-
gotten by ſtealth and out of laWtul Matrimony, they were both braited to, thou the ſeed of gods,
WW | Both valiant were, as all the word doth know,
Both were very wiſe and ſtrong beſides of body. The one of them built Roxs, and the other the
City of Ar®zxs, two of the moſt noble Cities of the world. The oneand the other were raviſbers
of women, and neither the one nor the other could avoid the miſchief of quarrel and contention
with their friends, and to defile themſelves with the bloud of their neareſt kinſmen, Moreover, they
ſay that both- the one and the other in the end did. get the hare and ill-will of their Citizens.
At the leaſt if we believe thoſe*things which are left written, and carry greateſt ſhew 'of troth,
The lineage of T eſeus of his Fathers ſide was deſcended of the right lineage of Erichrheus the great, and of the firſt
Theſeus.
Inhabitants which occupied the Countrey of ATT1ca, the which fince were called Aurocruonss,
as much to ſay, as born of themſelves. For there is no- memory or other mention made, that they
Pelops King of came out of any another Countrey then that. And of his Mothers fide he came of Pelops, who
Peloponneſus.
Pitheus, the
Grandfather
of Theſeus.
The Wiſdome
of Pitheus.
JEvbra the
Daughter of
King Pitheus,
and the Mo.
ther of Theſc-
Us,
The Pallanti-
, des.
Pallas had fif-
ty Sons,
Why Theſeus
was fo called,
Connidas The-
feus School.
maſter,
was in his time the mightieſt __ all the Countrey of Pzz 6y 0nN88us, not ſo much for his goods
and riches, as for the number of children which he had. For-his Daughters which were many in num-
ber, he beſtowed them on the greateſt Lords of all the Countrey ; his Sons alſo which likewiſe were
many, he diſperſed into every City and Free-Town, finding means ro make them Governours and
Heads of the ſame. Pitheus Grandfather to Theſexs on the Mothers fide, was one that founded the
little Ciry of Tx0zzzn, and was reputed to be one of the beſt learned and wiſeſt men ofhis time. Bus
the knowledge and wiſdome, which only carriedeſtimation at that time, conſiſted altogether in grave
ſentences and moral ſayings ; as thoſe are which wan the Poet Heſtodrs ſuch fame for his Book entitu-
led, The works and daies, in the which is read even at this preſent this goodly ſentence, which they
father upon Pirhews :
T hou ſhalt perform thy promiſe and thy pay
To hired men, and that without delay.
- And this doth Ar:/forle the Philoſopher himſelf teſtifie : and the Poet Euripides allo, calling Hyp-
politus the Scholler of the holy P3rheus,doth ſufficiently declare of what eſtimation he was: But eAge-
+ deſiring (as they ſay) to know how he might have children, went into the City of Ds: yz0s torhe
Oracle of Apollo ; where by a Nun of the Temple, this notable Prophecy was given him for an an-
ſwer : the whichdid forbid him to touch or know any woman, untill he was returned again to ATnzns,
And becauſe the words of this Prophecy were ſomewhat dark and hard, he returned by the City T x 0-
=38N, to tell it unto Pitheus, The words of the Prophecy were theſe : |
O thou which art a gem of perfelt grace,
Pluck.not the tap out of thy truſty tun,
Before thou do return unts thy place
In Athens Towlh, from whence thy race doth run.
Pitheus underſtanding the meaning, perſwaded him, or rather cunningly by ſome device deceived him,
in ſuch ſort, that he made him to lie with his Daughter callede£thra.eEgems, after he had accompanied
with her, knowing that ſhe was Picheus Daughter with whom he had lien, and doubting that he had
otten her with child, left her a Sword and a -pair of Shoes, the which he hid under a great bollow
tone, the hollowneſs whereof ſerved juſt to receive thoſe things which he layed under it, and made no
living creature privy to it but her alone ,; ſtraightly charging her, that if ſhe happened to bave a Son,
when he were come to mans eftate, and of ſtrength ts remove the ſtone, and to take thoſe things from
under it which he left there , that ſhe ſhould then ſend him unto him by thoſe Tokens, as ſecretly as ſhe
could, that no body elſe might know of it: for he did greatly fear the Children of one called P alla, the
which lay in wait and ſpiall by all the means they could to kill him, onely of deſpite becauſe he had -no
children, they being fifty brethren, and all begotten of one Father, Thus done, he departed from her :
And etbra within few moneths after was delivered of a goodly Son, -the which from that time was
called Theſexs: and as ſome ſay, ſo called, becauſe of the Tokens of knowledge his Father had layed un-
der the ſtone, Yet ſome others write, that it was atterwards at AT#8x8 when his Father knew him,
and avowed him for his Son. But in the mean time, during his infancy and childhood, he was bro
up in the houſe of his Grandfather P:thexs, under the government and teaching of one called Connsdas,
his School-maſter-; in honour of whom the Aruzntans to this day do ſacrifice a Weather, the day
before the great Feaſt of Theſex:, having more reaſon to honour the memory of this Governour, then
of a S:laniax and of a Parrhaſins, to whom they do honour alſo, becauſe they painted and caſt moulds
of the Images of Theſeus, Now there was a cuſtome at that time in Gaz3cs, chatthe young men
| after
—— —<r_@_—o—_— —— <= i vo_—__— a . ———_ - — - _ E
dt am
THESEUS. |
—_ _—_—O—_ ————
s
=
—
mm——
after their infancy and growth to mans ſtate, went into the Ciry of Dzi enos , to offer part of
their hairs in the Temple of Apollo. Theſes alſo went thither as others did : and ſome ſay that the a cuſtom to
place where the ceremony of this Offering was made, hathever ſince kept the old name ( and yet con- offer hairs at
tinueth ) Theſcia. Howbeit he did not ſhave his head bur before onely, as Hcmer faith, like the faſhion 2*!p%9--
of the ABANTES in oldtime: and this manner of ſhaving of hairs, was called for his ſake, Theſcida. = _
And as concerning the ABANTEs, in troth they were the very firſt that ſhaved themſelves after this ny we ij
faſliion : nevertheleſs they learned it not of the ARABI1ANS , as it was thought of ſome , neither did The 454nc-.
they it after the imitation of the M1SS1ANS ; but becauſe they were warlike and valiant men, which
did joyn neer unto their enemy in battell , and above all men of the world were skilfulleft in tighr
hand tohand, and would keep their ground t as the Poet Archilochns witneſſeth in theſe verſes ;
T hey uſe no ſlings in foughten fields to have,
Nor bended bows : but [Words and trenchant blades,
For when fierce Mars beginneth for to rave
In bloudy field , then every man invades
Hu fierceſt foe, and fighteth hand to hand :
T hin do they deeds, right crxell to recempt, ©
For in thu wiſe, the brave and warlike band
Do fhew their force, which come from Negropont.
The cauſe why they were thus ſhaven before , was, for that their enemies ſhould not have the vantage The cauſe of
to take them by the hairs of the head while they were fighting, And for this ſelf-ſame conſideration , ſhaving rheir
Alexander the great commanded his Captains to cauſe all the MactDONIANSs to ſhave their - = _—
beards : becauſe it is the eaſieſt hold ( and readieſt for the hand ) a man can have of his enemy in fight- uu made > wi
ing, to hold him faſt by the ſame. But ro rerun to Theſeus. e/Ethra his Mother had ever unto that Macedonians
time kept it ſecret from him, who was histrue Father. And Pithexs alſo had given it out abroad, that ſhave their
he was begotten of Neptune » becauſe the TROE zEN1ANs have this god in great veneration , and do _ "
worſhip him as patron and protector oftheir City , making Offerings to him of their firſt fruits : and hy tems "xx
they have for the mark and ſtamp of their Money, the three picked Mace, which is the ſign of Neprune , Son.
called bis Trident. But. after he was come to the prime and luſtineſs of his youth, and that with the The Trzzeni-
ſtrength of his body he ſhewed a great courage , joyned with a naturall wiſdom and ftayednefs of ©* Coine
wit : then his Mother brought him to the place where this great hollow ſtone lay , and telling him __ _
truly the order of his birth, and by whom he was begotten , made him to take his Fathers tokens of picked mace.
knowledge , which he had hidden there , and gave him counſel to go by ſea to ATHENS untohim. wo
©
Theſeus eafily lift up the ſtone , and took his Fathers tokens from under it : Howbeit he anſwered GreatyPbbing
plainly , that he would not go by ſea , notwithſtanding that it was a great deal the ſafer way , and that *? Th
bis Mother and Grandfather both had inſtantly intreated him, becauſe the way by land from Trot- Thucyd. _—.
ZEN to ATHENS Was very dangerous, all the wayes being beſet by robbers and murtherers. For |
the world at that time brought forth men , which for ſtrongneſsin their arms, for ſwiftneſs of their
feet, and for a generall ſtrength of the whole body , did far paſs the common force of others, and
were never weary for any labour or travell they rook in hand. Bur for all this, they never employed
theſe gifts of nature to any honeſt or profitable thing, but rather delighted villanouſly ro burt and
wrong others : as if all the fruit and profit of their extraordinary ſtrength had conſiſted in cruelty and
violence only , and to be able to keep others under and in ſubjeion , and to force , deftroy, and ſpoil 0
all chat came to their hands, Thinking that the more part of thoſe which think it a ſhame to do ill ,
and commend juſtice, equity and humanity,Co it of faint cowardly hearts, becauſe they dare not wrong
others , for fear they ſhould receive wrong themſelves : and therefore, that they which by might could
have vantage over others, had nothing ro do with ſuch quiet qualities. Now Hereales, travelling Hercules 2 des
abroad inthe world , drave away many. of thoſe wicked theeviſh murderers, and ſome of them he ſtroyer of
flew and put to death , other as he paſſed through thoſe places where they kept , did hide themſelves theeyes.
for fear of him, and gave place : inſomuch as Hercules perceiving they were well tamed and brought
low , mad? no further reckoning to purſue them any more. Bur after that by fortune he had (lain
Tphitus with his own hands, and that he was paſſed over the ſeas into the eountrey of Lyp1a , where
he ſerved Queen Omphale a long time , condemning himſelf unto chat voluntary pain for the mur- ,;,,.,1e; (r-
ther he had committed : all the Realm of LyDp1a during his abode there, remained in Sreat Peace yeth Omphale.
and ſecurity from ſuch kind of people. Howbeit in Grxztc, and all thereabour, theſe old miſchieſs
began again to renew , growing hotter and violenter then before : becauſe there was no man that
| puniſhed them , nor that durſt take upon him to deſtroy them. By which occaſion, the way to £0
from Px10pONNESUS to ATHENS by land was very perilous. And therefore Pithers decla+
ring unto Theſexs, what manner of theeves they were that lay in the way , and the outrages and villa-
nies they did to all travellers and waytaring men , ſought the rather to perſwade him thereby to take his
voyage along the ſeas. . Howbeit in mine opinion , the fame and glory of Hercules noble deeds , had Theſexs follows
long before ſecretly ſet his heart on fire, ſo that he made reckoning of none other but of him, and eth'Hercules,
lovingly hearkned unto thoſe which would ſeem to deſcribe him what manner of man he was , bur
chiefly unto thoſe which had ſeen him , and been in his company , when he had ſaid or done any thing
worthy of memory, For then he did manifeſtly open himſelf, and he fel the like paſſion in his
heart , which Themiſtecles long time afterwards endured , when he ſaid , that the victory and tri-
umph of M;/13zdes would not let him ſleep. For even ſo, the wonderfull admiration which Theſes
had of Herenles courage,made him in the night that he never dreamed but of his noble as and —
| B 2 An
(cus.
p THESEUS.
—l_—_
Tm ——_—
Deſire of fame and in theday time, pricked forward with emulation and envy of his glory , he determined with him-
| men ſelf one day to do the like ; and the rather , becauſe they were neer kin{men, being Colins removed by
ang © ;_ the mothers fide : For e/£rhra was the daughter of Pirhexs,and Alcmena ( the motherof Hercules )
"4g entetp"” wasthe daughter of Zyſidices , the which was half-fiſter to P;rbexs , both children of Pelops and of
Theſeus and his wife Hippodamia. So he thought he ſhould be utterly ſhamed and diſgraced , that Horcgles tra-
Hercules near yelling through the world in that fort, did ſeek out thoſe wicked thieves to rid both ſea and land of
Kinkmen, them : and that he, farre otherwiſe , ſhould fiye occaſion that might be offered him , to fight with
them that he ſhould meet on his way. Moreover , he was of opinion , he ſhould greatly ſhame and
diſhonour him , whom fame and common bruit of people reported to be his father ; if in ſhunning
occaſion to fight , he ſhould convey himſelf by ſea, and ſhould = to his true father alſo a pair of
ſhooes ( to make him known of him, ) and a ſword not yet bathed in bloud. Where he ſhould ra-
ther ſeek cauſe , by manifeſt rokens of his worthy deeds, to make known to the world of what noble
bloud he came , and from whence he was deſcended. Withthis determination, Theſes holdeth on his
purpoſed journey with intent to hurt no man , yet to defend himſelf , and to be revenged of thoſe
which would cake upon them to aflault him. The firſt therefore whom he flew within the territories
Peripbctes Co- of the City of E Þ1 D AUR U m, Was a robber called Peripheres. This robber uſed for his ordinary
FJRCBES » ue weapon to carry aclub, and for that cauſe he was commonly ſurnamed Corynerer , that is to ſay, a
wie _ club carrier. So he firſt ſtrake at Theſes to make him ſtand : but Theſess fought ſo luſtily with
him, that he killed him, Whereof he was ſo glad , and chiefly for that he won his club, that ever
Theſeus carried after he carried it himſelf about with him, as Hercxles did the Lyons skinne. And like as this ſpoil of
the Clubbe he the Lyon did witneſſe the greatneſſe of the beaſt which Hercxles had ſlain , even ſo Theſes went all
_ _— about , ſhewing that this club which he had gotten out of anothers bands , was in his own hands
ow: he Ty. invincible. And ſo going on further,in the ſtreights of PE. OPONNES us he killed another,called
ons «kinne, © Sinn: , ſurnamed,. Piryocamtes , that is to ſay , a wreather or bower of Pine-apple trees : whom he
put to death in that ſelf cruell manner that Si»x# had ſlain many other travellers before. Not thar
he had experience thereof , by any former praCtiſe or exerciſe : but onely to ſhew , that clean ſtrength
Cinnis Pityo- could do morethen either Art or exerciſe. This Si-1:z had a goodly fair daughter called Perigonna ,
cames a cruel] hich fled away when ſhe ſaw her father {lain : whom he followed and ſought all about, But ſhe
- - oth had hidden her ſelf in a'grove full of certain kinds of wild pricking ruſhes called Stcebe , and wild Spe-
Pokonns Sin- rage , which ſhe fimply like a child intreated to hide her , as ifrhey had heard , and had ſenſe to un-
xc5 Paugarer, derftand her : promiſing them with an oath , that if =_> ſaved her from being found , ſhe would
| never cut them down, nor burn them. But Theſess finding her , called her , and ſware by his faith he
would uſe her gently,and do her no hurt, nor diſpleaſure at all, Upon which promiſe ſhe came out of
tne buſh , and lay with him , by whom ſhe was cenceived of a goodly boy , which was called Mexna-
Theſeus Negat lizpms. Afterwards Theſeus married her unto one Dezones , the ſonne of Exritzs the Orchaliar,
ny '* Ofthis Menalippns the ſonne of Theſews , came Foxw : the which with Or»y:« brought meninto
gouna, : . .
FoxusMenalip- the countrey of C 4 R 1 A, where he built the City of J'O x 1 Þ s, And hereof cometh that old an-
pus Sonne. cient ceremony , obſerved yet unto this day by thoſe of J © x 1 Þ x s, never to burn the briers of wild
Foxides. Sperage , nor the Stcebe , but they baye them in ſome honour and reverence. Touching the wild
Phe the wild ſavage Sow of Crommyen, otherwiſe named Phea ,. that is to ſay , overgrown with age : ſhe was
Sow of Crom- not a beaſt to be made light account of , but was very fierce , and terrible to kill. 7 heſews notwith-
wyon lain. fanding tarried for her , and killed her in his journey , to the end it ſhoyld nor appear to the world,
that all the valiant deeds he did, were done by compulſion and of neceſſity : adding thereto his opi-
nion alſo, that a valiant man ſhould not only with men, to defend himſelf from the wicked ;
but that he ſhould be the firſt , to afſault and flay wild hurtfull beaſts. Nevertheleſſe others have
Phes a woman WLitten , that this Phea was a woman robber, a murderer , and naught of her body , which ſpoiled
thief, thoſe that paſſed by the place called CROMMyONIA , where ſhe dwelt : and that ſhe was ſurnamed
+ a Sow, for her beaſtly bruitiſh behaviour and wicked life , for the which in the end ſhe was alſo ſlain
Sciron a no= by Theſeas. After her he kiiled $ciroy , entring into the territories of ME G A R A, becauſe he rob-
table robber, heq all travellers by the way , as the common report goeth : or as others (ay) for that of a cruel,wic-
"90% yr ked , and ſavage pleaſure, he put forthhis feet to thoſe that paſſed by the ſea fide, and compelled
Theſcus, them to waſh them : And then when they thought to ſtoop to do it , he ſtill ſpurned them with his
| | feet , till hethruſt them headlong into the ſea: ſo Theſeas threw him headlong down the rocks. How-
beit the writers of MEGARA impugning this common report, and deſirous ( as S;monjdes faith)ro
overthrow it that had continued by preſcription of time , did maintain that this Sciron was never any
robber, nor wicked perſon, but rather a purſuer and puniſher of the wicked and a friend and kinſman
of the moſt honeſt and juſteſt men of GRtec x. For there is no man but will confeſle, that & ac us was
the moſt vertuous man among the GRE c1AaNs in histime , and that Cychrew the SALAMINIAN is
honoured and reverenced as a God at ATH8Ns.: and there is no man alfv but knoweth that Pelexs and
Telamon were men of ſingular vertue. Now it is certain, that this $cirox was ſon in law to Cychrerus
father in law of e/£ ac«,and grandfather of Pele andTelamon,the which two were the children of Ex-
dcidagthe daughter of the ſaid Sciroz,and of his daughterChariclo.Alſo it is not very likely,that ſo many
good men would haye had affinity wirh ſo naughty and wicked a man: in taking of him, and giving him
Cercyon the that which men love beſt of all things inthe world. And therefore the Hiſtoriographers ſay, that it was
Arcaizn flain not the firſt time, when Theſes wentunto ATHE Ns , that he killed $c5r0y , bur thar it was many days
_ 5 by after, when hetook the Ciry of ELzus1N , which the MzG6ar1ans heldatthat time, where he de-.
_n ceived the Goyernour ofthe City,called Dzocles,and there he ſlew $cron, And theſe be.the objeRions
the
SJEACUS.
CYcreus,
+
a
. _ —— 3%. *
Sill nd 2 its EE
THESEVUS. ;
the M&64anzItaxs alledged touching this matter. He flew alſo Cercyon the Ancavian , in the
Ciry of Ezzusix, wraſtling with him. And going a little further, he flew Damaſtes, otherwiſe ſut- Damaſtes Pri;
named Procruſtes, inthe Ciry of Hzx10N1a ; aud that by ſtretching of him out , to make him cruſtes, a cruc!
even with the length and meaſure of his beds, as he was wont to do unto Rtrangers that paſſed by. murthererflain
Theſeus did that in imitation of Hercules, who puniſhed Tyrants with the ſelt-lame pain and rormenc are —_
which they had made others ſuffer. For even ſo did Hercales (acrifice Byſiris. So he ſtifled Anthems ings.
in wraſtling, So he put Cycrus to death, fighting with him man to man, $So he brake Termerys head,
from whom this Proverb ot Termerxs evil came, which continuerh yet unto this day : for this Ter- Termerns evil,
mergs did uſe to put them to death in this ſort whom he mer , to joll his tiead againſt theirs, Thus pro-
ceeded Theſens after this ſelf-ſame manner, puniſhing the wicked in like ſort, juſtly compelling them to a- :
bide the ſame pain and torments, which they before had unjuſtly made orhers abide. And ſo he held on
his journey, untill he came to the River of Czea18us, where certain - perſons of the houſe of the Cepbiſus a Ri-
Phytalides were, the firſt which went to meet him, to honour him, and at his requeſt they purified him ver of Bzotiz.
atcording to the Ceremonies uſed at this time : and afterwards having made a facrifice of propitiation The Phytzli-
urito their gods, they made him great chear in their houſes ; and this was the firſt notable entertain- —
ment he found in all his journey. 1t is ſuppoſed he arrived .in the City of Ar#zxs, the eighth day 4 74.7... i.
of the moneth of June, which then they called Crozias. He found the Common-wealth turmoiled th:ir houf.s.
with ſeditions, factions and diviſions , and particularly the houſe of <Agens in very ill termes alſo, This ſacritice
_ that Medea (being baniſhed out of the City of Cox 18Tu ) was come to dwell in Arazns, F!itarch call-
and remained with Aens, whom ſhe had promiſed oft by vertue of certain medicines tro make him © Hicdis
to get children. But when ſhe beard tell that Theſeus was come , before that the good king eAgeus
( who- was now. become old, ſuſpicious and afraid of-ſedition, by reaſon of the great factions within
the City at that time) knew what he was, ſhe perſwaded him to poiſon him ar a feaſt which they x40, perſwa-
would make him as a ſtranger that paſſed by. Theſes failed not to go to this prepared feaſt where- ded .#;zeueto
unto he was bidden, but yet thought it not. good to diſcloſe himſelf, And the rather to give egeus Poiſon Theſe
occaſion and means to know him, - when they brought rhe meat to the board, he drew out his ſword ***
as though he would' have cut withall, and ſheweth it unto. him, egexs ſeeing it, knew it ſtraight, ”
and forthwith overthrew the cup with poiſon which was prepared for him : and atter he had enquired of ans. 1 AY
him and asked' things, he embraced him as his ſon. Atterwards in. the common-afſembly of the in- Theſeus tor bis
habicants of the City, he declared, how he avowed him for his ſon. Then all the people received ſon.
him with exceeding joy, for the renown of his valiantneſs and manhood. And ſome ſay, that when
pens overthrew the cup, the poiſon which was in it, fell in that place where there is ar this preſent
a certain compaſs incloſed all about within the Temple which is called Delphinion. For even there in O
that place, in old/time, ſtood the houſe of «Agexs :. in witneſs whereof, they call yet at this prefenc
time the image of Mercury Fur 15 on the ſide of the Temple looking towards the riſing of the
Sun:) the Mercury. gate of efgeus. But the Paitanrtives, which before ſtood alwayes in
ope to recover the Realm of ATazns, at the leaſt after /&zexs death, becauſe he had no children :
when they ſaw that Theſexs was known, and openly declared for his ſon and heir, and ſucceſſor ro
the Realin, they were nor able any longer to bear it, ſeeing that not only «Agens Yor was but the
adopted ſon of. Pandion, and nothing at all of the blood-Royal of the Eri#herdes ) had uſurped the
Kingdom over them, but that Theſexs alſo ſhould enjoy it after his death, Whereupon they derermined The Paint:
to make war with them both , and dividing themſelves into two parts, the one came openly in arms des take arms
with: their father, marching dire&ly towards the-City : the other lay cloſe in ambuſh in the village 2gaivit . Zge-
of GaxcatruS ,, meaning to give charge upon them in two places at one inſtant. Now they "4 Theſes.
brought with them an Herald born in the Town of A&xus , called Leos, who bewrayed unto nad
Theſeus the ſecret and device of all their enterprize. Theſes upon this intelligence went forth, and cure
ſer on, thoſe that lay in ambuſh, and put them all to the ſword. The other which were in Pals their treaſon
company underſtanding thereof, did break and: diſperſe themſelves incontinently , and this is the to Theſeus.
cauſe ( as ſome ſay.) why thoſe of Patina do never make affinity nor marriage with thoſe 7%c«s killerte
: - "roar the Pallantides
of Acnus at this day: and that in the Town when any Proclamation is made , they never
ſpeak theſe words which are cryed every where elſe throughout the whole countrey of Ar: ca,
eAconete Leos,, '( which is as.:much to ſay, as hearken, O people ) they do ſo extreamly hatethis
ſame word Leos, for that it was the Heralds Name that wrought them that treaſon, This done,
Theſes, who would not live. idly, at home and do nothing, bur deſirous therewithall to gratifie the
people, went his way to fight with the Bull of Afarathoz , the which did great miſchief ro the inha- The Bull of
birants of the country of Tsrzayotis, And having taken him alive, bronght him through che Marathon ra-
City of Arazxs , to be ſeen: of all the inhabirants. Afterwards he did ſacrifice him unto Apollo = alive by
Delphicus. Now. concerning Hecale, who. was reported to have lodged him, and to have given pe Delphi:
him good er. 'rtainment, it is. not altogether untrue; For in the old time, thoſe Towns and villages ,,;.
thereabouts did: aſſemble together, and made a common ſacrifice which they called Hecaleſion, in ho-
nour of Jupiter Hecalion, where they honoured this old woman, calling her by a diminutive Name, yg;zer Hees-
Hecalena : becauſe that when ſhe received Theſeus into her houſe being then but very young, ion.
the made much of him , and called him by many pretty made Names, as old folks are wont to
call young children, And foraſmuch as ſhe made a vow to Tapiter ro make him a ſolemn facri-
fice, if Theſeus remained ſafe from the enterpriſe he went abour, and that ſhe died before his re-
turn : 1n recompence of the good chear ſhe made him, ſhe had that honour done unto her by The-
ſeus commandment, as Philoglorns hath written -of 'it. Shortly after this exploit, there came _—_
B 3
p THESE US
—
of King 2inos Ambaſſadors out of Car 4, to ask a Tribute , being now the third time that it was
The Athenians demanded ; which the Aruzx1ans payed for this cauſe. Arndrogews, the eldeſt ſon of King e1-
payed Tribute ,,,; was ſlain by treaſon within the countrey of ATT1ca ; for which cauſe eFnos purſuing the re-
+. roo , Yenge of his death, made very hot and ſharp Wars upon the ArTzzx1axs, and did them great
for the death bÞurt. But beſides all this, the gods did ſharply puniſh and ſcourge all the countrey, as well with
of Androgcus barrenneſs and famine, as alſo with plague and other miſchiefs, even to the drying: up of their Ri-
his ſon. vers. The Aruznians perceiving thele ſore troubles and plagues, ran to the Oracle of Apollo,
who anſwered them that they ſhould appeaſe e245nos, and when they had made their peace with him,
then the wrath of the gods would ceaſe againſt them, and their troubles ſhould have an end, Where-
upon the Araznians ſent immediately unto him , and intreated him for peace : - which he granted
The manner of them, with condition that they ſhould be bound to ſend him yearly into Cazr 4, ſeven young boys,
the Tribute and as many young girls, Now thus far all the Hiſtoriographers do very well agree , but in the
conditioned. 2 nat. And they which ſeem furtheſt off from thetroth, do declare, that when theſe young boys
were delivered in Cxz74, they cauſed them to be devoured by the Ainotaure within the Laby-
rinth ; or elſe that they were ſhut within this Labyrinth, wandring up and down, and could find no place
to get out, untill ſuchtime as they died, even famiſhed for hunger. And this JMinetaure, as Euripides
The Minotauge the Poet ſaith, was T
what it was. A Corps combin'd, which monſtrous might be deem'd :
| A Boy, a Bull, both man and beaſt it ſeew'd.
The Labyrinth But Philochor us writeth , that the CxzTaxs do not confeſs rhat, but ſay that this Zabyrinth was 2
ps priſon in goal or priſon, in the which they had no other hurt, ſaving char they which were kept there' under
_ lock and key, could not fly nor ſtart away : and that eHinos had in memory of his ſon eAndro-
£ers, inſtituted 'games and playes of prize, where be gave ugeo them that wan- the viRtory, thoſe
young children of Arnzxs,, the which inthe mean time, notwithſtanding, were carefully kept and
| looked unto in the priſon of the Labyrinth : and that at the firſt games that were kept, one of the
Teirus one of Kings Captains called Taurus, who was in beſt credit with his maſter, wan the prize. This Taurus
AMinos Cap- was a churliſh and naughty natured man of condition , and very hard and cruel to theſe children of
tains, ATtaens, And to verifie the ſame , the Philoſopher Ar:iforle himſelf, ſpeaking of the Common-
OftheBottic;. Wealth of Borri51ans, declareth very well, that he never thought that e43nos did at any time
ane, Plia,tib.z. Cauſe the children of ATHBNS to be put to death; but ſaith, that they poorly toyled in Cnzra,
Cap. 2. even to crooked age, earning their living by true and painful ſervice, For it is written, that the
Cazrans- (to fatisfie an old vow of theirs, which they had made of ancient time ) ſent ſometime
the firſt-born of their children unto Apols in the City of Dzzeuos; and that amongſt them alſo
they mingled thoſe which were deſcended of the ancient priſoners of Arzzxs, and they went with
them, But becauſe they could nor live there, they directed their journey firſt into Irazir, where for
a time they remained in the Realm of Puet1a, and afterwards from thence went into the confines
of Taxacla, where they had this name of BorTiz1ans, In memory whereof the daughters
of the BorTrT1z1axs in > Gln Sacrifice they make , do uſe to ſing the foot of -this Song : Lex us to
ATHENS go, But thereby we may ce how perilous a thing it 15, to fall in diſpleaſure and enmity
with a City which can ſpeak well, and where Learning and eloquence do flouriſh, For ever fince that
King Mines ime, ines was alwayes blazed and diſgraced throughout all the Theaters of Arunns, Thetefti-
defamed byrhe Mony of Heſiodus, who calleth him the moſt worthy King, doth nothing at all help him, nor the praiſe
Poets in the of Homer, who nameth him Jupiters familiar friend, becauſe the tragical Poets got the upper hand
Theatets at jn diſgracing bim, notwithſtanding /all theſe , and upon, their ſtages where all the Tragedies were plaid,
ao. they Ri gave forth many ill. favoured words and. foul ſpeeches of him, as againſt a man that had. been
moſt cruel and unnatural. Yet moſ men think, that eAfinos wasthe King that eſtabliſhed the
Radamenthus, and Radamanthus the Judge and preſerver of them , who cauſed the ſame alſo to be kept and obſer-
The thirdtime yed, The time being now come about for the payment of the third: Tribute ; when they came to. compet
—on—_ of the fathers which had: children not yet married, to give them o- be-put forth to take their chance-and
The > we lot: the Citizens of ATuzns began ro murmur againſt <Agexs, alledging for rheir griefs, that he
are grieyed to Who only was the cauſe of all this evil, wasonly alone exempted from this grief, And that to bring
depart with government of the Realm to fall into the hands of a ſtranger his' baſtard, be cared not thongh they
their Children were bereft of all their natural. children, and were unnaturally compelled to leave and forſake them,
Theſe juſt ſorrows and complaints of the fathers whoſe children were taken from them, did pierce
the heart of Theſexs, who willing to yield to reaſon, and-to run the ſelf ſame fortune as the Cirtzens:
Theſeus offer- 'did , willingly oftered himſelf to be ſent thither, without regard taking to hishap or adventure. For
eth to go with Which , the Citizens greatly eſteemed. of his courage and:honourablediſpoſttion, and dearly loved him
the Children for the good affeRtion he ſeemed to bear unto the commonalty, But gens having uſed many rea-
into Crctz. ſons and perſwafions to cauſe him to turn and.ftay from his purpoſe, and perceiving in the end- there
Lots drawn for #45 no remedy but he would go , he then drew 'Lots for the- Children. which ſhould- gowith him.
the Children 4Zcllanicus notwithſtanding doth write, that they were not thoſe of the City which drew Lots for the
that ſhould go. Children they ſhould ſend, but that Ad5nos himielf went thither in perſon, and did chooſe them, as he'
wn ons choſe Theſeas the firſt, upon condition agreed between them : that is to wit, that the ATuznrans
Children :-+» 1NOuld furniſh them with a Ship, and that the Children: ſhould ſhip and'imbark with him, carrying as
Crets in a ſhip WEaPOns of war: and that after the death of the Afinotaure- this Tribure ſhould ceaſe. Now b |
with a black that time , there was riever any hope of return, nor of ſafety of their children , therefore the Aruz-
ſail, x1ans alwayes fent a ſhip to convey their Children, with a black fail, in token of- aſſured =
Neverthele
"zz 0s. my
CE IAC
Nevertheleſs Theſes putting his father in good hope of him; being of a good courage, and promiſing
boldly that he would ſer upon this eF{inotaure, e/£gexs gave unto the Maſter of the ſhip a white (ail; JEgens giveth
commanding him that at his return he ſhould pur out che white fail, if his ſon had eſcaped, if the maſter of
not, thar then he ſhould ſet up the black fail , ro ſhew him afar off his unlucky and unfortunate *he ſhip a
chance. Simorides notwirhſtanding doth ſay , that this fail which eAgerns gave to the Maſter, G ite fail, to
was not white , but red , dicd in Sans and of the colour of Scarles, and that he gave it him to ,S,,* he fate
ſignifie afar off their delivery and ſafety. This Maſter was called Phereclus Amarſiadas , as ſeus.
Simonides ſaith. But Philocoras writerh , that Scirus rhe Salanixian pave to Theſeus 4
Maſter called Nauſubeus , and another marriner ro tackle the ſails, who was called Pheas ;
becauſe the Aruznians at 'chat time were-not greatly pra@iſed to the ſea, And this did
Scirws , for that one of rhe Children on whom the Lot fell was his nephew : and thus much the
Chappels do teſtifie, which Theſexs built afterwards in honour of Nauſithews, and of Pheas, in
the village of Phalers, joyning to the Temple of Scirus. And it is faid moreover, that the feaſt
which they call Cyberneſia, that is to day, the feaſt of Patrons of the ſhips, is celebrated in honour of Cyberneſis
them, Now after the Lots were drawn, Theſexs taking with him the Children allotted for the Tri. 8*9<z
bute, went from the Pallace to the Temple called De/phinion, ro offerup to Apollo for him and for
them an offering of ſupplication , which they call #/:cereria , which was an Olive bow hallowed, Hiceteriz offer-
wreathed about wirh white, wool. | After he had made his prayer, he went down to the fea fide ro 78,
imbark, the ſixth day of the monerh of Aſarch : on which day at this preſent time they do ſend their oe
young girls to the ſame Temple of Delphinion, there to make their prayers and petitions to the gods. Tribute chit-
But ſome ſay, that the Oracle of «Fpofo in the City of Dzzyzos had anſwered him, that he ſhould dren the fxth
take Venus for his guide, and that he ſhould call upon her to condu& him in his voyage : for which 9 arch, and
cauſe he did. ſacrifice a Goat unto her upon the ſea-fide, which was found ſuddenly turned into a _ _
Ram, and that therefore they furnamed this goddeſs Epitragia, as one would ſay, the goddeſs py, Etitrs
of the Ram. Furthermore , after he was arrived in Czzra, he flew there the e2/:netaure (as the gia. :
moſt part of the ancient Authors do write ) by the means and help of eAriadne : who being faln in Theſ#us flew
fancy with him, did give him a clue. of thred, by the help whereof ſhe taught him, how he might **< 2inoraure
calily wind out of the turnings and cranks of the Labyrinth. And they ſay, that having killed this pj Brough
eMinotaxre , he returned back again the fame way he went, bringing with him thoſe other young acinos Gaughe
childrenof ATzzx8, whom with eAriadre alſo he carried afterwards away. Pherecides faith more- ter.
over, that he brake the keels or bottoms of all the ſhips of Cxz Ta, becauſe they ſhould not ſudden- Theſcurreturns
ly ſer our after them. And Demon writeth, that Tawrus (the Captain of Afinos) was killed in fight 5. = _
by Theſes, even in the very baven mouth, as they were ready to ſhip away, and hoife up ſail. Yet come of Theſe
Philochorus reporteth, that King 245nos having ſer up the Games, as he was wont to do yearly in the us, was a man
hunour-and ' memory of his Son, every one began 'to envy Captain Tawrw, becaule they ever
looked that he ſhould carry away the game and victory, as he had dorſe other years before , over and
above that, his authoriry got him much ill will and envy, becauſe he was proud and ſtately, and had in
ſuſpicion that he was great with _ Paſephat. Wherefore when Theſexs required that he might TexrusſulpeR-
encounter with Taurxs, eAlinos ealily granted ir, And it being a folemn cuſtom in Cx#T4, that the ” 00 _
women ſhould be preſent, to ſee thofe open ſports andſights, eAriadve being at theſe games, amongſt \,59;c.
the reſt, fell further in love with Theſe, ſeeing him ſo goodly a perſon; ſo ſtrong, and invincible in How Ariadne
wreſtling, | that he far exceeded all that wreftled there that day. King & Hines was fo glad that he had fell in love
taken away the honour from Captain T aw xs, that be ſent him home frank and free into his coun- =_ _— .
try, rendring to him all the other priſoners of Arzzws ; and for his fake clearly releaſed and for- Theſeus _
gave the City of ATuaxns the Tribute which they ſhould have payed him yearly, Howbeit, Clide- wich his pri-
mw {carching out the beginning of ' theſe things to the utmoſt, reciteth them very particularly , and foners, and re-
after another fort. For he ſaith, about: that time there was a gas reſtraint throughout all !eaſeth the
Gauzcz., reſtraining all manner ' of people to bear fail in any veſlel or bottom, wherein there were HITS
above five perſons, except only Jaſon, who was choſen Caprain of that great ſhip eArg#, and had a marine =
Commiſſion to fail every' where, to: chaſe and drive away rovers-and pirats, and to ſcour the ſeas Law,
throughout. About this vime, Dedalxs being fled from Cxawr« to: ATuens in a little Bark, Jfinos P4dalus flight,
— reſtraint, would needs: follow him with & fleet of divers veſſels with oars , who be-
ing by force of weatherdriven' with the coaſt of S1c1t1s , fortuned to die there, Afterwards his : Sw |
ſon _Dexcalion, being marvellouſly offended with the' Aruznran's, ſent to ſummon them to deli- Deucation King
ver Dedalis unto him, or elſe he would put the children ro death,. which were delivered ro his fathet acinos ſon ſene
for hoſtages: But Theſes excuſed: himſelf, and: ſaid he could not forſake Dedalys, conſidering. he ro Athens to
was his near Kinſman, being his Couſin- n; for hewas the ſon of « Merope, the daughter of Z- demand Deds-
richthews, Howbcit by and by.he cauſed many: veſſels ſecretly ro be' made , part of them within A+- wn
T1Ca itſelf. inthe village of Thymeredos, far from any high-wayes , and' part of them in the City
of Taozzan;, bythe fufferance. of Pithews his grandfather , to the end his purpoſe ſhould be kept
the more ſecret, Afterwards-when all his: ſhips were'ready; and rigged our, he took fea before the
Cnarans had: any: knowledge of it: infomuch as: whew they. ſaw them afar off, they did take $2
them for: the Barks of their friends. Theſexs landed without reſiſtance, and rook the haven, . Then Thecus failed!
having Dedalxs, and' other: baniſhed Cxzrans for guides, he entred'the City it ſelf' of Gxo5us, res che City
where he ſlew: Deucalion ina fight before the gates of the Labyrinth”, with all his guard and' officers gf Guoſks, and
about him. By this -means- the Kingdom of Caxzr fell by- inheritance into the hands of his ſiſter flew Deacation.
eArigane, Theſeus made league with her, and carried' away the young: children of ATw3xs which
were
were kept as hoſtages, and concluded peace and amity between the Arksx1ans and the Caitans ;
who promiſed, and ſware, they would never make wars againſt them, They report many other things
alſo touching this matter, and ſpecially of Ariadne : bur there is no troth nor certainty in it. For ſome
ſay, that Ariadne hung her ſelf for ſorrow, when ſhe ſaw that Theſeus had caſt her off, Others write,
that ſhe was tranſported by mariners into the Iſle of Nax 05, where the was married unto O Enarus the
Prieſt of Bacchus : and they think that Theſes left her, becauſe ſhe was inlove with another, as by
theſe verſes ſhould appear :;
e/Egles the Nymph was lov'd of Theleus,
Who was the Daxghter of Panopeus,
Hercas the Macaran faith, that theſe two verſes in old time were among the verſes of the Poet Hes
—fiodus, howbeit Piſiſtratus took them away : as he did in like manner add theſe other here in the deſcri-
ption of the het in Homer togratifie the ATHENIANS,
Bold Theſeus, and Perithous ſtour,
Deſcended beth from gods immortal race,
Triumphing ſtill, this weary world about
In feats of arms, and many a comely grace.
OEnopion and Others hold opinion, that Ariadne had rwo, children by T heſeys :: the one of them was named OEn0-
Staphylus, Tht- pia, and the other Sraphylus. Thus amongſt Gihers the Poer Jon writeth it, who was born in. the Ile
ſeus ſons. of Cn10, and ſpeaking of this City, he ſaith thus : 13.
OEnopian which was the ſon of worthy. Theſeus,
Did cauſe met: build this ſtately Town, which now triumpheth thus.
Now what things are found ſeemly in Poets fables , there is none bur doth in-manner fing them, Bur
one Paenon born in the City of AxarTaunrta, reciteth this clean. afrer 'another ſort , and contrary
to all other: ſaying, that Theſexs by tempeſt was driven with the Iſle of Cryzus , having with him
eAriadne, which was great with child, and ſo ſore ſea-ſick, thar ſhe was not able to abide it. In ſo much
Theſcus leav- as he was forced to pur her aland, and himſelf afterwards returning aboard, boping to ſave his ſhip a-
eth Ariadne in gainſt the ſtorm, was compelled forthwith to looſe into the ſea. The women of the countrey did cour-
Cyprus. teoully receive and intreat eAriadne : and ro comfort her again (for (he was marvellouſly out of heart,
to ſee ſhe was thus forſaken) they counterfeited Letters, as if Theſexs had written them ro her. And
= 4dr when her groaning time was come, and ſhe to: be layed, they 'did their beſt by all poſlible: means to
honey '* fave her, but ſhe died notwithſtanding. in labour, and could never be delivered : So ſhe was honou-
rably buried by the Ladies of Crexus, Theſexs not long after returned. thither again , who touk
her death marvellous heavily, and left money with the inhabitants of the Countrey, to ſacrifice unto
| her yearly : and for, memory of her, he cauſed two little Images to be moiteh , the one of copper,
The cerewony and the other of filver, which he dedicated unto her, This ſacrifice is done the ſecond day of Seprepr-
-_ —_ ber, on which they do yet obſerve this ceremony : they do lay a young Child upon a bed, which pit-
on my ' tifully crieth and lamenteth , as women travelling with child. They fay alfo , that the Anxtaruu.
Penus Ariadne, 51488 90 yet call the grove where her Tombe is ſet up, the wood of Yenus Ariadne. And yet there
Two Mines are of the Nax1ans, that report this otherwiſe : ſaying, There were two Anoes, and two eAriad-
= two Ar1- ,1es; whereof the one was married to Bacchus in the Ifle of Naz08, of whom Sraphylus was born :
Corciaz 4r;. and the other the po was raviſhed and carried away by Theſexs , who. afterward forſaok her,
z{nes Nurſe. and ſhe came into the Iſle of Naz0s with her Nurſe called Corcyna , whole. grave they do ſhew yer
to this day. The ſecond Ariadne died there alſo, but ſhe bad .no ſuch honour done to her after her
death, as to the firſt was given, For they celebrate the Feaſt of the firſt with all joy and mirth : where
Theſens re- | the Sacrifices done in memory 'of the ſecond,” be mingled with mourning and-ſorrow. Theſexs then
turneth out of departing from the Iſle of Cara, arrived in the Iſle of Dsz08 , where he did ſacrifice in the
- XD the Temple of eApollo, and gave there a little Image of Yenus, the which he had. gotten of Ariadne. Then
0 02%. with the other young boys that he had delivered, he danced a kind of dance, which the Dzz1 ans
keep to this day, as they ſay ; in which there are many turns and -rerurns, much after the ging of
the Labyrinth. Andthe Dzr1axs call this manner of dance, the Crane, as . Dicearcus faith. And
Theſeus Dance Theſeus danced it firſt about the Altar, which: is called Cerator: , that is to fay, horn-ſtaff , becauſe it
called the is made and builded of horns only, all on the left hand well and curiouſly ſex together without any
Les other binding. Ir is ſaid alſo, that he made a game inthis Iſle of Dzz08s , in which at the, firſt was:
Palm a token given to him that overcame, a branch of Palmfor reward of victory. But when they drew near to the'
of victory. coaſt of ATrica, they were all joyful, he and his Maſter, that they forgot to ſet up their white
# gre fail, by which they ſhould have given knowledge of their health and ſafery unto e/fgeus : Who ſeeing
got to (ſe: our the black fail afar off, being out of all .-hope evermore to; fee his ſon again, took ſuch a-grief ar
the white (ail. his heart, that he threw himſelf headlong fromthe trop ofa cliff, and killed himſelf. So ſoon as The-
«#geus death. ſeu; was arrived at the Port, named Phalerus, he performed. the ſacrifices which he had vowed to-the
a 4-4 pry gods at his departure : and ſent an Herald of his before unto the City, to-carry news of his ſafe arri-
the Tribute. Val. The Herald found many of the City mourning the death of King Agexs, Many other recei-
Children in. Ved him.with great joy , as may-be ſuppoſed, They would have crowned him. alſo with a garland of
the haven of flowers, for that he had brought ſo good rydings, that the Children of the ;City were rerurned in
_ F ſafety. The Herald was content to take the garland, y&t would he not in any wiſe put it on his head,
*:4: but did wind itabout his Heralds rod he bare in his ſand, ando returned forthwith to the ſea, where
bare a rod in
his hand.
Theſeus made his ſacrifices, . Who perceiving they- were not yet done, did refuſe ro enter into the
Temple, and ſtayed without for troubling of the facrifices. Afterwards all ceremonies finiſhed , . he
went
THESEVU S. 9
— — — — — — - — - - — — —
went in and tqld him the news of his fathers death. Then he and his company mourning for ſorrow ,
haſted with ſpeed rowards the City. And this is the cauſe,why to this day, at the feaſt called ©ſcopho- Fealt Of-
ria ( as who would fay the feaſt'of boughs ) the Herald hath not his head , but his rod only crowned ©"
with flowers, and why the aſſiſtants allo after the Sacrifice done, do make ſuch cries and exclamations;
Eli, leuf, ion, iow : whereof the firſt is the cry and voice they commonly uſe to another to- make haſte,
or elſe it is the foot of ſomeAſong of Triumph : and the other is the voice and cry of afen as ic were in
fear and rrouble. After he' had ended the Obſequies and Funerals for his Father , he performed all his
Sacrifices urito Apollo, which he had vowed, the ſeventh day of the moneth of October, on which they O#over_calted
arrived, at their rerurn into the City of A T HE N s, Even fo the cuſtom which they ule at this day to Va
ſeethe all manner of pulſe, cometh of this : that thoſe which then returned with Theſes , did ſeethe in tgggye,
a great braſs pot all the remain of their proviſion, and therewith made good chear together. Even Herod of [rc
in ſuch ſort as this comeup the cuftom to carry a branch of Olive , wreathed about with wool , which /onein the lite
they call 1:eſione : becauſe at that time they carried boughs of {upplication , as we have told you be- - won, and
fore, About which they hang all ſorts of fruics : for then barrennefſe did ceaſe , as the yerſes they ſang ah
afterwards did witneſle.
Bring him good Bread that u of ſav ry taſte,
with pleaſant Figgs, and drops of aulcet mell :
Then ſowple Ol, his body for to baſte ,
And pare good Wine, to make him ſleep full well.
Howbeit there are ſome which will ſay, that theſe verſes were made for the Heraclides , that is to ſay,
thoſe that deſcended from Herewles : which flying for their ſafery and ſuccour unto the A T 4 & N 1-
A Ns, were entertained and much made of by. them for atime, But the moſt part hold opinion, they
were made upon the occaſion aforeſaid. The veſſell in which Theſes went and returned, was a Gal- Th{eus wenr
liot of thirty oars,which the A T 4 E N 1 AN 5 kept untill the time of Demetrius the Phalerian, always he To _
raking away the old pieces of wood that were rotten , and ever renewing them with new in their pla- Chibi ou
ces. So that ever ſince, in thediſputations of the Philoſophers touching things that increaſe,to wit,whe- Gallior ofthic-
ther they remain always one , or be made athers : this Galliot was always brought in for example of ty oars- |
doubt. For ſome maintained , that it was ftill one veſſel} - others to the contzary defended ic was not O—_
ſo, And they hold opinion alfo, that the feaſt of boughs which is celebrated at A T # # N s at this yo 9,
time , was then firft . of all inſtituted by Theſexs. It is aid moreover, that he did not carry allthe alledged for 5
wenches upon whom the Lots did fall,but choſe two fair young boyes, whoſe faces were ſweet and deli- doubr.
cate as maidens)be, that orherwiſe were hardy and quick-ſpirited : but he made them ſo oft bathe them-
ſelves in hos bathes, and kept them from the heat of the Sunne, and fo many times to waſh, annoint,
and rub themſelves with Oyls , which ſerve to ſupple and fmooth their skins, ro keep freſh and fair
their colour , to make yellow and bright their hair :; and withal did teach them ſo to counterfer the
ſpeech , countenance and faſhion of young maids, that they ſeemed to be like them , rather then young
boyes : For there was no manner of difference to be perceived outwardly, and he mingled them wich
the gyrls, without the knowledge of any man, Afrerwards when he was returned, he made a proceſ-
ſion, in which both he and the other young boyes were appardlled then , 'as they be now which carry
boughs on the day of the feaft in their hands. They carry them in the honour of Bacchus and Ariadne,
following the fable that is rold of them : or rather becauſe they recurned home juft at the time and
ſeaſon, when they gather the fruit of thoſe trees. There are women which they call Dezpnophores , that
is to ſay, ſupper-carriers , which are affiſtants to the Sacrifice done that day., in repreſenting the Mo-
thers of thoſe upon whom the Lots did fall ; becauſe they in like ſort brought them both meat and
drink. There they tell rales, for ſo did their mothers tattle to their children to comfort and encou-
rage them, Al theſe paniicularities were written by Demjox ihe Hiſtoriographer, There was more-
over a place chofen out to build him a Temple in : and he himſelf oxdained, that thoſe houfes which
bad paid tribute before unto the King of C & & T 4, ſhould now yearly thenceforth become contribu.
taries towards the charges of a Solemn Sacrifice , which ſhould-be done in the honour of him : and he |
did aflign the order and adminiſtration of rhe ſame, unto the houſe of the Phyratides, in recompence : = - —_
of the curteſie which they ſhewed him when he arrived. Furthermore 'after the death of his Father p61:1; Heh
£ gens , he undertook a marvellous great enterpriſe : for he brought all the inhabitants of the whole who were the
Province of AT T 1c a,to be withinthe Ciry of A T # E N s,and madethem all one Corporation , fis{t that fea-
which were before diſperſed into divers Villages , and by reaſon thereof were very hard to be aſſem- fied him Fe.
bled rogerher , when occaſion was offered to eſtabliſh any Order concerning the common State. Many —
times alſo they were at variance together and by the ears, making warres one upon another, But heated
Theſcus took the pains to gem village to village, and from family to family, to let them under- —_—
ſtand the reaſons why they 1hoald conſent unto it. So he found the poor people and private men req- of the countrey
dy to obey and follow his will , but the rich , and fuch as had authority in every village , all againſt it. of 4rtice into
Neverthelefſe he wan chem, promiſing that it ſhould be a Commonwealth , and not ſubje&t to the 29< 07
power of any ſole Prince, but rather a popular State. In which he would onely reſerye to himſelf the
charge of the Warres , and the preſervation of the Laws : for the reſt , he was content that every Citi-
Zen in all, and for all ſhould bear a like ſway and authority. So there were ſome that willingly granted
thereto, Others who had no liking thereof, yeelded notwithſtanding for fear of his diſpleaſure and
power , which then was very great. So they thought it better to conſent with good will, unto
that he required , then to tarry bis forcible compulſion. Then he cauſed all the places where Juſtice
was miniſtred, and all their Halls of afſembly to be overthrown and pulled down. He removed ftraight
ali
—__——
1o THESE UV S%
Aſty the all Judges and Officers, and built a tewn-houſe, and a Counſell-hall, in the place where the City now
Town-houſe hs, which the ATHEniAans call AsTyY , but. he called the whole Corporation of them,
of the 49%. aruzns. Afterwards he inſtituted the great Feaſt and common Sacrifice for all the Countrey of
The Feaſts ATTICA , Which 7, call Panathenea, Then he ordained another Feaft alſo upon the ſixteenth
Panathenas day of the moneth of 7xxe, for all —_ which ſhould come to dwell in ATHz ns , which was cal-
and Met@cia, led Metecia , and is kept even to this day. That done , he gave over his Regall power according to
OO —
Theſexs reig- 1; promiſe, and began to ſet up an Eftate or policy of a Commonwealth , beginning firſt with the
rayon þ : funded of the gods. : know the good ſucceſſe of his enterpriſe , he ſent = very _— to
keth Athens a the Oracle of Apollo in DEL yHOs , to enquire of the fortune of this City ; from whence this Anſwer
Common- was brought unto him :
wealth, O thou Which art the Sonne of e/Egens,
- pq "Y Begot by him on Pithews Daughter dear :
phos. The mighty fove, my Father glorious ,
| By hzs decree hath ſaid there ſhall appear
A fatall end of every City here.
Which end he will ſhall alſo come adoWwn,
Within the walls, of this thy ſtately Town.
T herefore ſhew thou, a valiant conſtant mind ,
And let no care, nor cark thy heart diſpleaſe :
For like unto a bladder blown with wind
T hou ſhalt be toſt,, upon the ſurging ſeas ,
Tet let not dint of dolonrs thee diſeaſe.
For why ? thou ſhalt not periſh nor decay ,
Nor be ore' come, nor yet be caſt away. | |
It is found written alſo , that $*by//a afterwards gave out ſuch a like Oracle over the City of
ATHENS;
The bladder blown may fleet »pon the fludde ,
But cannot ſink , nor ſtickzn filthy mudae.
Moreover , becauſe he would further yer augment his people, and enlarge his City, he enticed ma-
ny to come and dwell there, by offering them the ſelf ſame freedom and priviledges which the naturall
born Citizens had. So that many judge , that theſe words which are in uſe at this day in Araens ,
when any open Proclamation is made , AU people, come ye hither : bethe ſelf ſame which Theſes then
cauſedto be proclaimed , when he in that ſort did gather a people together of all Nations. Yet for
Theſexs maketh all that , he ſuffered not the great multitude that came thither tagge and ragge , to be without diftin-
difterence of @jon of degrees and orders. For he firſt divided the Noblemen from Husbandmen and Artificers .
ſenes _ appointing the Noblemen as judges and ——_ to judge upon matters of Religion , and touching
5 nmonweat, the ſervice of the gods : and of them alſo he did chuſe Rulers, to bear civil Office in the Common-
weal , to determine the law , and to tell all holy and divine things. By this means he made the Noble-
men and the two other eſtates equall in voice, And as the Noblemen did paſſe the other in honour ,
even ſothe Artificers exceeded them in number, and the Husbandmen them in profit. Now that The-
Theſeus the firlt [2,z5 was the firſt who of all others yeelded to have a Commonweal or popular Eſtate ( as Ariſtotle
= FT *YT faith ) and did give over his Regall power : Homer hiraſelf ſeemeth to teftifie it, in numbring the Ships
anPforted a? Which were in the Gxaciawns Army before the Ciry' of Tx014, For among all the Gz #-
popular State, CIANS, he onely calleth the ATHENIANs People, Moreover Theſes coyned Money,, which he
An Ox marked with the ſtamp of an Ox , in memory of the Bull of 2farathor, or of Taurus the Captain of
itampedin = Af;zos, or elſe to provoke his Citizens to give themſelves to labour. They ſay alſo that of this Mo-
_—_— ney they were fince called Hecatombeon, and Decabaoy, which fignifieth worthan hundred Oxen, and
Decabzaon. Worth ten Oxen, Furthermore having joyned all the territory of the City of MzG ara unto the
countrey of ATT1CA, he cauſed that notable four-ſquare Pillar to be ſet up for their confines within
the ſtraight of P=LoypONNEsus , and __ thereupon this ſuperſcription, that declareth the
ſeparation of both the countries which confinethere together. , The ſuperſcription is this ;
Where Titan doth begin, his beams for to diſplay,
Even that way ſtands Ionia, in fertile wiſe alway :
And where again he geeth,adown to take hes reſt,
T here ſtands Peloponneſus land,for there I count it weſt,
It was he alſo which made the Games called 1/hmia, after the imitation of Heyewles , to the end that as
Olympia the GR&c1aNs did celebrate the Feaſt of Games called 0/ympia, in the honour of 7 apiter , by
; Hercules ordinance : ſo, that they ſhould alſo celebrate the Games called /fhmia , by his order and
inſtitution, in the honour of Neptaxe. For thoſe that were done in the Straights in thehonour of
Melicerta , were done in the night , and had rather form of Sacrifice or of a myſtery , then of Games
Theſeus ereft- and open Feaſt, Yet ſome will ſay , that theſe Games of 7/hmia were inſtituted in the honour and
ed the Games memory of $ciroy, and that Theſexs ordained them in fatisfation of his death; becauſe he was his
_ bran, Coſin-german , being the Sonne of Can:thus , and of Heniocha the Daughter of Pirhews. Others ſay
=>ag ”” that it was Sin» and not Sciron , and that for him Theſews made theſe Games, and not for the me-
mory of the ather. Howſoever it was, he ſpecially willed the COox1xTHIANS , that they ſhould
give unto thoſe that came from ATHE Ns to ſee their Games of 7ſhyia , ſo much place 'to fit down
before them ( inthe moſt honourable part of the feaſt place ) as the ſail of their ſhip ſhould cover, =
t
"'THESEUSS t
the which they came from ATzzns ; thus do Hellanicus and eAndron Halicarnaſſeni write bereof..
Touching the voyage he made by the ſea Major, Philochorus, and ſome others hold opinion; that he Theſeus jourtly
went thither with Hercules againſt the AMazoNss ; and that ro honour his valiantneſs, Hercules into Mare md-
gave him eAntiopa the Ax4z0N8, But the more part of the other Hiſtoriographers, namely Hellani- /**
C14, Pherecides, and Herodotws, dowrite, that Theſexs went thither alone, after Hercules voyage,and
that he took this A4z0x2 priſoner ; which is likelieſt to be true, For we do not find that any other
who went this journey with him, had taken any Ax4zoxs priſoner beſides himſelf, Boz alſo the ,,,;.. we
Hiſtoriographer, notwithſtanding this ſaith, that he brought her away by deceit and ſtealth, For the Amazone £2-
AMazoxzs ( ſaith one) naturally loving men , did not flee at all when they ſaw them land in vithed by The-
their countrey, bur ſent them preſents, and that Theſes enticed her to come into his Ship, who [***.
brought him a preſent : and ſo ſoon as ſhe was aboard, he hoyſed his fail, and ſo carried her
away. Another -nomggy v7 AE eHenecrates, who wrote the Hiſtory of the City N: c#4 in the
country of Brrurx14, faith; That Theſexs having this Axazevs Artiopa with him, remained
a certain time upon thoſe coaſts, and that amongſt other he had in his company three younger bre-
thren of Arzzns, £nnius, Thoas, and Solow. This laſt, Solozs,was marvelloully in love wich Antiopa, Soloi fell in
and never bewrayed it to any of his other companions, ſaving unto one with whom he was moſt fa- \2v< with 4n-
miliar, and whom he truſted beſt : ſo that he reported this matter unto Antiopa, But ſhe utterly re- ©
jected his ſuit, though otherwiſe ſhe handled it wiſely and courteouſly , and did not complain to
Theſeus of him. Howbeit the young man deſpairing to enjoy his love, rook it ſo inwardly , that de-
—_—_ he leapt into the River, i drowned himſelf; Which when Theſeus underſtood, and the $914js drown:
cauſe alſo that brought him to this deſperation and end, he was very ſorry, and angry alſv, Where- ed himlelffor
upon he remembred a certain Oracle of Pythis, by whom he was commanded to build a City in that !9v*-
place in a ſtrange countrey, where he ſhould be moſt ſorry, and that he ſhould leave ſome that were
about bim at that time, to govern the ſame, For this cauſe therefore he built a City in that place;
which he named PrrzoyoLiis, becauſe he built it onely by the commandment of the Nun
Pythia. He called the River in the which the young man was drowned, Sologs, in memory of him : Sotois ft.
and left his two Brethren for his Deputies and as Governours of this new City, with another Gentle-
man of ATHzRs5, called Hermys. Hereof it cometh, that at this day the Prruorortitans call a Pytbopolis
certain place of their City, Hermas houſe. Burt they fail in the accent, by putting it upon the laſt _ oy
ſyllable : for in pronouncing it ſo, Hermw ſignifieth £ Mercury. By this means they do transfer yu!
the honour due to the memory of Herms, unto the god Mercury. Now hear what was the occaſion Ty. caſe os
of the wars of the Amazons, which methinks was not a matter of ſmall moment, nor an en- the wars of
terprize of a woman. For they had not placed their Camp within the very Ciry of Arazzxs, nor the Amazones
had not fought inthe very place it ſelf (called Pnrc3) adjoyning to the Temple of the eMuſes, if 782i the
they had not firſt conquered or ſubdued all the country thereabouts: neither had they all come ar 4%:
the firſt, ſo valiantly to affail the City of Arazns, Now whether they came by land from ſo far
- a countrey, or that they paſſed over an arm of the ſea, which is called Boſphorus C:mmericus, being » oſphorusC im:
frozen as —_—_—_— ſaith, it is hardly to be credited, But that they camped within the precinct of the _ + 2m tend
very City it ſelf, the names of the places which continue yet to this preſent day do witneſs it, and of the ſea.
the graves alſo of the women which died there. But ſo it 1s, that both Armies lay a great time one in
the tace of the other, ere they came to battle. Howbeit at the length Theſe: having firſt made Sacri-
fice unto Feare the goddeſs, according to the counſel of a Prophecy he had received, he gave them Theſeur fght-
battle in the moneth of 4guſ#, on the ſame day, in the which the Araznians do even at this eth a bart :
preſent day ſolemnize the which they call Boedromia. But Clidemws the Hiſtoriographer, de- Vi the 4m:
firous particularly to write all the circumſtances of this encounter, faith , rhat the left point of their gud of
battle bent towards the place which they call Ama zox1on ; and that the right point marched by the Amexoree
the ſide of Cnxrsa, eyen to the place which is called PxYcs , upon which the Arz#aniaxs battle.
coming towards the Temple of the Aſſes, did firſt give their charge. And for proof that this is true,
the un of the women which died in the firft encounter, are found yet inthe great ſtreet, which
goeth towards the gate Piraica, near untothe Chappel of the little god Chalcodus, And the ATz3.
NIANS ( faith he ) were in this place repulſed by the Aazonzs, even to the place where the
Images of Eumenides are, that is to ſay, of the Furies, Bur on the other fide alſo, the Arzzx1ians
coming towards the quarters of Palladium, Ardettws, and Lucium, drave back their right point even
to within their Camp, and ſlew a great number of them, Afterwards, at the end of four moneths, peace peace conclus
wastaken between them by means of one of the women called Hyppolira. For this Hiſtoriographer ded at four
calleth the Amazons whichTheſeus married, Hyppolita, and-not Antiops, Nevertheleſs, ſome ſay moveths end,
that ſhe was ſlain (fighting on Theſex fide) with a dart, by another called eolpadia. In memory by the wr rg
whereof, the Pillar whichis joined to the Temple of the Olympian ground, was ſet up in her honour, COL]
eare not to marvel, ifthe hiſtory of things ſo ancient, be tound ſo diverſly written, For there are
alſo that write, that Queen Anriopa, ſent thoſe ſecretly which were hurt then into the City of Cz.
e1DE, where ſome of them recovered, and were healed : and' others alſo died, which were buried
near to the place called Amazonion, Howſoever it was, it is moſt certain that this war was
ended by agreement, For a place adjoyning to the Temple of Theſes, doth bear record of it, being |
Orcomeſium : becauſe the peace was there by ſolemn oath concluded. And the facrifice alſo Orcomeſon rhe
doth truly verifie it, which they have made to the Azazonzs, before the Feaſt of Theſeus, long _—_ of a
time out of minde. They of Mz%ana alſo do ſhew a Tombe of the A4z0N35 intheir City, —_
Which is as they go from the market place, to the place they call Rhus ; where they find an —
4 0Mve,
Cs,
I2
TT HESEVUS.
- 4
Ancient
Tombes of
loſenge fathi-
on.
Thermodon
now called
Hemon. fl,
Hyppolitus
Theſeus Son
by Antiops.
Phadre The-
ſens Wife and
Minos Daugh-
ter King of
Crct i.
Theſeus mar-
riapes,
Theſeus battles
Proverb, Not
without The-
ſeur.
Proverb , Thz
is another The-
ſeas.
Theſeus vali-
antnefs the
cauſe of Pzrj-
thousfriendſhip
with him.
Pirithous and
Theſeus ſworn
brethren ia
the field, |
Pirithous mar-
fied Dcidamiy,
The Lapithe
overcome the
Ceontaurl.
Theſeus and
Hercules met
at T racbina.
| Tombe, cut in form and faſhion of a loſenge. They ſay that there died other of the Auatowss
alſo, near unto the City of Cxazzonza, which were buried all along the little brook paſling by
the ſame, which in the old time (in mine opinion) was called Thermodon, and is now named Hemon,
as we have elſewhere written in the Life ot Demoſthenes, And it ſeemeth alſo, that they did nor pals
through Tuzs5s4LY without fighting : for there are ſeen yet of their Tombes all about the City of
Scoruss, hard by the rocks which be called the Doggs-head. And this is that which is worthy me-
mory (in mine opinion) touching the wars of thefe Awazoxzs, How the Poet telleth , that the
A*442ONES made wars with Theſes to revengethe injury he did to their Queen Antiopa, reſu-
ſing her, to marry with Phedra : and for the murder which he telleth that Hercules did; that me-
thinks is altogether but a device of Poets, It is very true, that after the death of Antiopa, Theſeus
married Phedra, baving had before of Antiopa a Son called Zyppolitns, or as the Poet Pindarus
writeth, Demophon, And for that the Hiſtoriographers do not in any thing ſpeak againſt the tragical
Poets, in that which concerneth the il} hap that chanced to him, in the perſons of this his Wife, and
of his Son : we muſt needs take 'it to beſo, as we find it written in the Tragedies. And yet we
find many other reports touching the marriages of Theſex5, whoſe beginnings had no great good
honeſt ground, neither fell out their ends very fortunate : and yet for all that they make no Trage-
dies of them, neither have they been played in the Theaters. For we read that he took away Aznaxo,
the Tx0£z5N14N, and that aſter he had killed $5775 and Cercyon, he rook their Daughters per-
force : and that he did alſv marry Pheribea the Mother of Ajax, and afterwards Pherebea, and
Joppa the Daughter of Jphicles, And they blame him much alfo, for that he fo lightly forſook hjs
We Ariadne, for the love of e£gles the Daughter of Panopens, as we have recited before, Laſtly,
be took away Hellen: which raviſhment filled alt the Realm of ArvTrca with wars, and fall
was the very occaſion that forced him to forfake his countrey, and broughs him art tength ro his end,
as we will tell you hereafter. -Albeit in his time other Princes of Gazz cs haddone many goodly and
notable exploirs in the wars, yet Herodorus is of opinion, that Fheſtus was never in any ' one of
them : ſaving that he was atthe battle of the Zapirhe againſt the Cexrauri. Others ſay to the con-
trary, that he was at the journey of Colchide with Jaſon, and that he did: betp Afeleager ta kill the
wild Bore of Calydonia : from whence (as they ſay). this Proverb-came ; Nor m5. Theſens :
meaning that ſuch a thing was not done without great help of another, Howbeit it is certaia that
Theſeus ſelf did many famous aRs, without aid of any man, and that for his valiantnefs this Pro-
verb came in uſe, which is ſpoken ; Thi 1s another Theſeus. Alſo hedid belp 4draſtus King of the
Anxctyts, to. recover the bodies of thoſe that were flain in the battle, before the City of Tus.
»:s. Howbeit it was not, as the Poet Euriprdes ſaith, by force of arms, after he had overcome the
Tags,ns in battle, but it was by compoſition: And thus the greateſt number of rhe moſt ancient
writers do declare it. Furthermorez Phzlochorss writeth, that this was the firſt treaty that ever was
made to recover the dead bodies {lain in battle : Nevertheleſs we read in the hiſtories and geſts of
Hercules, that he was the firſt that ever ſuffered his enemies to carry away their dead bodies, after
they had been put to the ſword. But whoſoever he was, at this day inthe village of E&:surnznns,
they do ſhew the place where the people were buried, and where Princes Tombes are ſeen about the
City of Ex»us18 , which: he made at the requeſt of Adraſtus. And: for teſtimony hereof, the
Tragedy e£ſchilus made of the Exnus1n1ans , where he cauſeth it to, be ſpoken even thus to
Theſexs himſelf, doth clearly overthrow the petitioners in Exripides. Touching the friendſhip, he-
twixt P#rithous and him, it is ſaid it began thus : The renown of his valiancy was marvellouſly blown
abroad through all Gazzcz , and P:rithoxs deſirous tro know it by experience, went even of pur-
- poſe to invade his Countrey, and brought away a' certain booty of Oxen of his, taken out of the
Countrey of Matarron, Theſes being advertifed thereof, armed ftraight, and went tothe reſcue,
Prithous hearing of his coming, fled not at-all, but retyrned back ſuddenly to meet him. And ſo ſoon
as they cameto ſee one another, they both wondred-at each others beauty and-courage, and fo had
they no deſire to fight. But P rithous reaching our his hand firſt to Theſexs, ſaid unto him ; 1 make
your ſelf judge of the damage you have ſuſtained by my invaſion, and with all my heart I will. make
ſuch ſatisfaRtion, . as it ſhall pleafe you to aſſeſs it at. Zheſecs then did nor only releaſe him of all the
damages he had done, but alſo requeſted him he would become his friend, and brother in arms, Heres
upon they were preſently fworn' brethren mm the fteld : after which oath berwixt them, P3richous
» married Deidemia, and ſentto pony Toſs to come to his matriage, to viſit his Countrey, and to
make merry with the Lapithe. | He had bidden alſo the Centauri to the feaſt ; who being drunk, com-
mitted many lewd -parts, even to the forcing-of women, Hawbeitthe Lapithe chaſtiſed them ſo well,
that they ſlew fome of them preſently in the place, and draye the reft forwards out of the countrey by
the help of The/exs, who armed himſelf, and fought on their fide. Yet Herodorus writeth the matter
ſomewhat contrary, ſaying, that 7hefexs' went not at all untill the war was well begun ; and that
irwas the firſt time that he ſaw Hercules, and ſpake unto him: near unto the. City of Tzacaurns,
when he was then quiet, having ended alt his far voyages and greateſt troubles, They report that
this meeting together was full of great -cheer, much kindneſs and honourable entertainment between
them, and great courteſte was offered to each- other, Nevertheleſs merhinks we ſhould give better
credit to thoſe writers that ſay they met many- times rogether , and that Hercules was accepted
and received: 'into the brotherhood: of the myfteries of Ezzus1s, by the means of the caug-
tenance and fayour which 7heſexs ſhewed unto him : and that his purification alſo was thereby al-
lowedof, who was to be purged of neceffity of all his ill deeds and crvelties, before he could enter _
| YR
——
-
*
THESEUS. Z
the company of thoſe holy myſteries. Furthermore, Theſexs was fifty years old when he took away
Hellen and raviſhed her, which was very young, and not of age to be married, as Hellanicus ſth. Thi fift v
By reaſon whereof , ſome ſeeking to hide the raviſhment of her as a haynous fact, do report ir was years 0M when
not he, but one [das and Lyncer that carried her away, who left her in his cuſtody and keeping : he rayithed
and that Theſes would have kept her from them, and would not have delivered her to her Brethren ©
Caſtor and Pollux, which afterwards did demand her again of him. Others again ſay, it was her
own Father Tyndarw, who gave her to keep, for that he was atraid of Enarshorwus the Son of
Hippocoon, who would have had her away by force. Bur that which cometh neareſt to the troth in
this caſe, and which indeed by many Authors is teſtified, was in this ſort. Theſexs and Perithors went
together, to the City of LaczpaMoN, where they took away Hellen (being yet very young ) The m1;
even as ſhe was dancing in the. Temple of Dzana, ſurnamed 0rthia: and they fled for lite. They of Hellons rxyif
LACEDMON ſent after her, but thoſe that followed went no further then the Ciry of T6 £4,
Now when they were eſcaped out of the Country of PeLorpoN xEsus, they agreed to draw Lors © 977
together, which of them rwo ſhould have her, with condition that whoſe Lot it was to have her, he
ſhould rake her to his Wife, and ſhould be bound alſo to help his Companion to get him another
It was Theſexs hapto light upon her, who carried herto the City of Ayi4riDxes, becauſe the was Yb. "=
yet too young to be married. Whither he cauſed his Mother to come to bring her up, and gave his Fpellen in the
Friend called Aphidnes the charge of them both, recommending her to his good care, and to keep it &fy © 476 44-
ſo ſecretly, that no body ſhould know what was become of her. Becauſe he would do the like for 34. —_
Perithoxs ( according to the agreement made betwixt them ) he went into Ey1rus with him-to ich Feria
ſteal the Daughter of eAidonexs, King of the MoLOs51aNs, who had ſurnamed his Wite Pro- into Epirus to
ſerpina, his Daughter Proſerpina, and his Dog Cerberus, with whom he made them fight which fecal Proſcrpe.
came to ask his Daughter in marriage, promiſing to give her to him that ſhould overcome his Cer- ra O—_
berus. But the King underſtanding that Perithous was come, not to requeſt his Daughter in mar- mn RO
riage, but to ſteal her away, he rook him Priſoner with Theſeus : and as for Perithous, he cauſed in pieces with
him preſently to be torn 1n pieces with his Dog, and ſhut The/exs up in cloſe priſon. In the mean Cerberus:
time there was oneat ATHENS called Jdeneſtbers, the Son of Peters ; which Petenus was the Son T*[cus clofe
of Orneus, and Orneus was the Son of Erittheus. This. Meneſtheus was the firſt that began to flat- 2's
er the people, and did ſeek to win the favour of the .commonalty , by ſweet enticing words : by
which device he ſtirred up the chiefeſt of the City. againſt Theſes (who indeed long betore began to
be weary of him ) by declaring unto them how Theſexs had taken. from them their Royalties and
Signiories, and had ſhut them up in ſuch ſort within the walls of a City, that he might the better
keep them in ſubjeRion and obedience inall things, after his will. The poor inferiour ſort of peoplg#
he did ſtir up alſo to Rebellion, perſwading them that ir was no other then a dream of Liberty
that was promiſed them : and how contrariwiſe' they were clearly diſpoſſeſſed and thrown out of
their own houſes, of their Temples, and from their natural places where they were barn, to the end
onely that of many good and loving Lords which they were wont tq.-have before, they ſhould now
be compelled to ſerve one onely head, and a ſtrange Lord, ' Even ae Meneſthens was very hot about
this praQtiſe, the War of the Tyndarides fell our at-that inſtant, which greatly furthered his pre-
tence. For theſe Tyndarides (rowit'the Childreg of Tymarns) Caſtor and Pollax, came down with the T1ndarides
The war of
with th: Athe-
nidns.
a great Army againſt the City of ATHENS :' and ſome lulpet ſore that eXlemeftheus was cauſe of
their comming thither. Howbeit at the firſt entry they did no: hurt at all in the countrey, bur only
demanded reſtitution of their Sifter, To whom the Citizens made an{wer,that they knew not where ſhe
was left : and then the Brethren began to make ſpoil, -and offer war indeed. Howbeit there was one
called Academusr, who having knowledge (I cannot tell by. what means) that ſhe was ſecretly hidden in
the Ciry of Ay41DNEs, revealed itunto them. By reaſon whereof the T yndarides. did always ho-
nour him very much, ſo long as he lived, and afterwards the LaczDzMoNIA Ns, having oft burne
and deſtroyed the whole countrey of AT T1c 4 throughout, they would yet never touch the Academy
of ATHENS for Academus ſake. Yet Dicearchxs ſaith,that in the Army of the Tyndarides there were Academiz why
two ARCADIANS, Echedemus and Marathus,and how of the Name ot one of them,it was then called m —_ F
the place of Echedemy, which fithence hath been called Academia ::and-after the Name of the other, ems 6
there was a Village called MaxaTHoN, becauſe he willingly offered himſelf to be ſacrificed before nd razed by
the battle, as obeying the order and commandment of a Prophecy. ©So they went and pitched their the Tyndarides
Camp before the Ciry of Ae#iDN es, and having won the bartle and taken.the Ciry by aſſault, they 495 Srons
razed the place, They ſay that Alycus,the Son of Scixor was (lain in this field, who was in the Hoſt of ;** 4 _
the Tyndarides, and that after his Name, a certainquarter of the Territory of Mz6 ara, was called i;4nes.
Alycus, in the which his body was buried. Howbeit Hereas writeth, that Theſeus ſel did kill him be- |
tore APHIDNEs : In witnels whereof he alledgeth certain verſes which ſpeak of Alycus.
While as he ſought with all his might and main
In thy defence fair Hellen for to fight,
In eAphidnes upon the pleaſant plain,
Pf: Bold T heſeus to cruel death bim dight.
Howbeir it is not likely to be true, that Theſeus being there, rH Ciry :of A yn1DxEs, and his Mo«
ther alſo were taken,» But when it was won, they of ATHENs began to quake for fear, and
Meneſtheus counſeled them to receive the 7 yndarides into the City, and to make them good chear, ſo
they would make no wars but upon- Theſes, which was the firft that had done the wrong and
injury : and that co all other elſe they ſhould ſhew favour and good will. And ſo it fell out. =
C | when
14 U BESEUS
CLI
when the T yndarides had all in their power to do as they liſted , they demanded nothing elſe but that
'TheTyndarides they might be received into their Corporation, and not to be reckoned for ſtrangers, no more than
honoured as Fercales was : the which was granted the 7 yndarides, and Aphidnus did adoprthem for his Children,
gods, and call- 1c Pylizes had adopted Hercules. Moreover they did honour them as if they had beengods, calling
y <a age 4;, them eLnaces. Either. becauſe _ ceaſed the wars, or for that they ordered themſelves ſo well,
Deor. lib, z, that their whole Army being lodged within the City, there was not any hurt or diſpleaſure done to
Kings called any perſon: bur as it became thoſe that have the charge of any thing, they did carefully watch to
Anaites. ;, Preſerve the good quiet thereof, All which this Greek word eAnacos doth fignifie, whereof per-
— why 10 chance it comes that they call the Kings eAnattes. There are others alſo who hold opinion that they
| A#ithrataken Were called eAnaces, becauſe of their Stars which appeared in the air, For the ArT1ican Tongue
priſoner and faith, eAnecas, and eAnecathen, where the common people ſay Ano, and Another, that is to lay,
carried to L4- ghgye, Nevertheleſs eAthra, Theſeus Mother, was carried priſoner to Lactpzmon, and from
_ . : thence to Txo14 with Hellen, as ſome ſay : and as Homer himſelf doth witneſs in his verſes, where he
— _—_ s ſpeaketh of the Women that followed Heller :
verſes, eAthra the Daughter dear of Pitheus aged Sire,
And with her fair Clymene ſbe, whoſe eyes moſt men deſure.
Yet there are other who as well reje& theſe two verles, and maintain they are not Fomers : as alſo
they reprove all thatis reported of AAunychus: to wit, that Laicide being privily conceived of him by
Demophon,he was brought up ſecretly by eAthra within Tr014. But Heſter the Hiſtorian in his thir-
teenth of his Hiſtories of ATT1ca, maketh a recital far contrary to other , ſaying, that ſome hold
opinion, that Paris Alexander was ſlain in battle by Achilles and Patroclus in the Country of Th t s-
SALY, near to the River of Sperchixs, and that his Brother He&or took the City of TRotzzn,
from whence he brought away ethra : in which there is no manner of appearance or likelihood. Bur
eAadonins King of the MoLoSSIANS, feaſting Hercules one day as he paſſed through his Realm,deſ-
cended by chance into talk of Theſexs and Perithous,how they came to fteal away his Daughter ſecret-
Sperchins fl, ly: and atter told how they werealſo punifhed. Hercules was marvelloully ſorry to underſtand that one
Theſeus deli- of them was now dead,and the other in danger to die ,- and thought with himſelf that to make his mone
vered out of tg e Agdoneus, it would not help the matter : he beſought him only that he would deliver Theſeus for
_ by Hcr- his fake. And he granted him. . Thus Theſews being delivered of his captivity, returned to ATaz ns,
Gut.s Ment® wherehis friends were notalrogether kept under-by. his enemies : and at his return he did dedicate to
Hercules all the Temples, which _— had before cauſed to be built in his own honour. And where
firſt of all they were called Theſea, he did now furnamethem all Herculea, excepting four, as Philo-
chorus writeth.Now when he was arrived at ATHENSs,he would immediately have commanded and or-
dered things as he waswontto do: but he found himſelf troubled much with ſedition, becauſe thoſe whe
had hated him of along time, had added alſo to their old cankred hate, a diſdain and contempt to fear
The Athenians him any more. And the common people were now become ſo ſtubborn, that where before they would
_ to ey have done all that they were commanded, and have ſpoken nothing tothe con , now they looked
_ to be born with and flattered; Whereupon Theſexs thought at the fiſt to have uſed force, but he was
| forced by the fa&tion and contention of his enemies to let all alone, and in the end, defpairing he ſhould
ever bring his matters to pals to hisdefire,: he ſecretly ſent away his Children unto the Ifle of Eu -
2OEA, tO Elphenorthe Son'of Chalcodus. And hitnſelf after he had made many wiſhes and curſes
againſt the ATHENIANS, in the village of GaxGzTTus, in a place which for that cauſe to this
day is called Araterion, (that is to ay, the place of curſings) he did take the ſeas, and went into the Iſle
Theſcus led of Sc1Ros, where he had Lands and Poſſeſfions, and thought alfo to have found Friends. Lycomedes
from q _ - c reigned at that time, and was King of the Iſle,” unto whom Theſexs made requeſt for ſome Land, as in-
; tip *Itle © tending to dwell there : albeit ſome ſay that he required him togive him aid againſt the ATHznraws.
Lycomedes, were it that hedoubted to entertain ſo great a Perlonage, or that he did it to gratifie Aſe-
Theſeur cruelly 2eſ{bers ;, carried him up to the high Rocks, feigning as thongh he would from thence have ſhewed him
Aain by Lyco- All his Country round about : butwhen he had/him he threw him down headlong from the top of
medes. the Rocks to the bottom, and put him thus unfortunately to death. Yer other write, that he fell down
Meneſtheus , of himſelf by an unfortunate chance, walking ane day after ſupper as he was wont. There was no man
King of APCn# .t that time that did follow or purſue his death, but Meneſtbegs quietly remained: King of ATHzxs :
Theſeus Sons and the Children of Theſexs, as private Soldiers followed Elphexor'in the Wars of TR014. But after
' thedeath of Meneſtherxs, who died inthe journey to TROY, (Theſexs Sons returned unto ATHENS,
where they recovered their State. Sithence there were many occaſions which moved the AT HE x1-
ANS to reverence and honour him as ademy-god. For in the Battle of Marathon, many thought they
ſaw his ſhadow and image in arms, fighting againft the barbarous people. And after the wars of the
Medes (the year wherein Phedon was Governour of ATHz xs) the Nun Pithia anſwered the AtHt-
NIANS, Who had ſent to the Oracle of Apolto: that they ſhould bring back the bones of Theſexs,and
putting them in ſome honourable place, they ſhould preſerve and honour them devoutly. Bur it was a
hard matter to find his grave, and if they had found it, yet hadirbecn a hard thing to have brought his
bones away, for the malice of thoſe barbarous people. which inhabited that Iſle: which were ſo wild and
= - _—_— ferce,that.none couldtrade or live with them. NotwithſtandingC:worhaving taken thelſland(as we have
= CE written in his Life) and ſeeking his grave : perceiving by good hapan Eagle pecking with her beak,and
| eth Theſes © ſcraping with her claws in a place of ſome prey heighth : ſtraight it came into his mind (as by divine
Lones to A- inſpiration) to ſearch and dig the place, where was found the Tomb of a great body, with the head of
rhons, a Spear which was of braſs, and a Sword with-it, All which things were brought to Aris ns by
Cimon
ROMULUS.
15
Cimon inthe Admiral-gally. The ATHEN1ANs received them with great joy, with proceſiions and
goodly Sacrifices, as it Theſens himſelt had been alive, and had returned into the City again, At
this day all theſe relicks lye yet 1n the midſt of the City, near to the place where the young men do
uſe all their exerciſes of body. There is free liberty of acceſs for all {laves and poor men (that are
afflited and purſued by any mightier than themſelves) to pray and ſacrifice in remembrance of 7 hefer::
who while he lived was protector of the oppreſſed, and did courteoully receive their requeſts and P<-
titions that prayed to have aid of him. The greateſt and moſt ſolemn Sacrifice they do unto him, is on
the eighth day of Ottober, in which he returned from CxErT a with the other young Children of A-
THENS. Howbeit they do not leave to honour him every eighth day of all other moneths, either
becauſe he arrived from TROEZEN at ATHENS the eighth day of Fuze, as Diodoras the Colmogra-
pher writeth : or for that they thought that number ro be meeteſt tor him, becauſe the bruit ran he
was begotten of 2\eprune. They do facritice alſo to Neptune the eighth day of every moneth, be-
cauſe the number ot eight is the firſt cube made of even number, and the double of the firſt ſquare: which
doth repreſent a ſtedtaſtneſs immoveable, properly attributed rs the might of Neptune, whom for
this cauſe we ſurname Aſphalins, and Geiochus, which by interpretation doth fgnitie the (ate Keeper and
the ſtayer of the earth,
The end of Tatstus Life.
THE LIFE OF
| [&
_
eAnt. Chriſt,
O
——_
The/-1u5 Tom,
Nepturc wh:
cailed A/rh ;-
lits ard Gai
"a 1.4
| 75 0. WO
HE Hiſtoriographers do not agree in their writings, by whom, nor for Divers opini-
F what cauſe the great Name of the City of Roms ( the glory whereof is y"* 200 ye
blown abroad through all the world) was firſt given unto ir. For ſome
think that the Pelaſgians, after they had overcome the greateſt part of the
world, and had inhabited and ſubdued many Nations, n the end did ſtay
themſelves inthat place where it was new builded : and for their great
ſtrength and power in arms, they gave the Name of Roms unto the
City, as ſignifying power in the Greek rongue. Other ſay, that after the
taking and deſtruction of TRo1a, there were certain TRo1A Ns, whicl
ſaving themſelves from the ſword, took ſuch veſſels as they found at ad-
Name of Rome
ven'ure in the Haven , and were by windes put to the TyuscAaxe ſhore, where they anckered near
unto the River of Tyber. There their Wives being ſo ſore ſea-ſick, that poſſibly they could not any
moreendure the boiſterous ſurges of the ſeas, it happened one of them among the reſt (che Nobleſt and
wileſt of the company) called Koa, to counſel the other Women of her companions, to ſer their Ships
afire ; which they did accordingly. Wherewith their Husbands at the firſt were marvelloully offended,
But afterwards, being compelled of neceility to plant themſelves near unto the City of PaLLAaNnTIUuM,
they were appeaſed when they ſaw things proſper better then they hoped for, finding the ſoil there
fertile, and the people their neighbours civil and gentle in entertaining them. Wherefore among other
honours they did to requite this Lady Roma,they called their City after her Name,as from whom came
the original cauſe of the building and foundation: thereof. They (ay, that from thence came this cuſtom
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them on the mouth, for ſo did theſe TRo1a N Ladies to pleaſe their Husbands, and to win them again,
after they had oſt their favours, and procured their diſpleaſures with burning of their ſhips, Other
ſay, that Roma was the Daughter of 1talxs, and of Lucaria, or elſe of —_—_ the Son of Hercules,
and Wife of /fneas : other {ay, of Aſcaris the Son of eAneas,who named the City after her Name.
Other bold opinion, that it was Romans (the Son of Vi:ſſes and of Circe) that firſt founded Row:
other will ſay, that it was Romy the Son of Emathion, whom Diomedes ſent thither from Tro1A.
Other write, that it was one Roms: a Tyrant of the LaTiNs, who drave the Trius cans out of
thoſe parts ; which departing out of THESSALY, went firſt ofall into LyD1a, and afterwards from
Fables of Ro- L-YD7A into ITALY. And furthermore, they whothink that Romulus (as indeed it carrieth beſt like-
»tus birth. Jlihood) was he that gave the Name to the City, do not agree about his anceſtors, For ſome of them
write, that hewasthe Son of <Aneas, and of Dexitheathe Daughter of Phorbxs, and that he was
brought into ITALY of a little Child withhis Brother Remy : and that at that time the River of Ty-
ber being overflown, all other Ships were caſt away, ſaving the Ship in which the two little Boys were,
which by great good hap came to ſtay upona very plain even ground on the bank : and becauſe the
Children beyond all hope were ſaved by this means, therefore the place was afterwards called Roma.
Other ſay, that Roma the Daughter of the firſt Trojan Lady was married unto Latin the Son of
Telemachyus, by whom ſhe had Romulus. Other write, that it was e/£1:/:4 the Naughter of AEneas,
and of Lavinia, which was begotten with child by the god Mars. Other tell a tale of Romulus birth,
nothing true nor likely. For it is ſaid that there was ſometime a King of A1.z a named T archerins, a
very wicked and cruel man, in whoſe houſe through the permiſſion of the gods, appeared ſuch a like
viſion : that there roſe upin the hearth of his chimney the form and faſhion of a mans privy-member,
which continued there many days, And they ſay, that at that time there was in Thuscant an
An Oracle of Oracle of Therss, from whom they brought unto this wicked King T archetizs ſuch an anſwer, that he
Thetis ia Thiſ= ſhould cauſe his Daughter yet unmarried to have carnal company with the ſtrange thing, for ſhe
_ ſhould bear a Son, that ſhould be famous for his valiancy, for ſtrength of body, and his happy ſuccels,
| wherein he ſhould exceed all men of his time. T archers told this Oracle unto one of his Daughters,
and willed her ro entertain this ſtrange thing : but ſhediſdaining to do it, ſent one of her waiting wo-
men to undertake the entertainment. But T archerzz was ſo'mad ar this, that he cauſed them both to
be taken to put them to death : howbeit the goddels Yeſfa appeared ro him in his ſteep in the night,
and charged him he ſhould not do it. Whereupon he did command them to make him A piece of
Cloath in the priſon, with promiſe that they {ſhould be married when they had finiſhed it. Theſe poor
Maids toiled at it all the live long day, but in the night there came other (by T archerins commandment)
that did undo all they had done the day before. In the mean time, this waiting woman that was got
with child by this ſtrange thing, was delivered of two goodly boys or twins: whom Tarchetius gave
- unto one Teratius, With expreis commandment he ſhould caſt them away. This Teratiu; carried them
to the bank of the River ; thither came a ſhe-Wolf and gave them ſuck, and certain Birds that
brought little crums and put them in their mouthes, untill a Swincheard perceiving them, and wondring
at the ſight, did boldly go to the Children, and took them away with him, Theſe Infants being thus pre-
ſerved, after they were come to mans ſtate, did ſet upon T archerius and (lew him, One Promarhion
an Italian writer, delivereth this tory thus, But the report that carrieth beſt credit of all, and is allow-
ed of by many writers, cometh from Dzocles Peparethian ( whom Fabins Piitor followeth in many
things ) who was the firſt that put forth this ſtory among the Grtc1ans, and eſpecially the
chieteſt points of it. Though this matter be ſomwhat diverſly taken, yet in effe& the ſtory is
See the frag. thus, The right line and bloud of the Kings of AL za deſcended from Exe as, by ſucceſſion from
ments of Fz- the Father to the Son ; and the Kingdom fell in the end berween two Brethren, Nymiror and 4-
_ » => mulins, They agreed by Lot to makediviſion between them, whereof the one to have the Kingdom,
neg T {;. and the other all the Gold, Silver,ready Money, Goods and Jewells brought from Tx01a. 2 umiror
carnaſſeus, and by his Lot choſe the Realm for his portion : Amulixs having all the*Gold and Treaſure in his bands,
T. Livius. did find himſelf thereby the ſtronger, and ſo did eafily take his Realm from him. And fearing leſt
Romulus Kin- hjs Brothers Daughter might have Children which one'day might thruft him oi 1gatin, he made
od. her a Nun of the goddeſs Yeſta, there to paſs her days in virginity, and never to be married :
( ſome call her Rhea, other Sylvia, and other 14:4 ) nevertheleſs 'not Tong after ſhe was found
Romulus Mo- with child, againſt the rule and profeſſion of the Veſtal Nuns. So nothing had ſaved her from
_ preſent death, but the Petition of Axtho the Daughter of King Amwulins, who entreated her Father for
her life : yer notwithſtanding ſhe was ſtraightly locked up, that no body could ſee her, nor ſpeak with
her, leſt the ſhould be brought to bed without eAmwulins knowledge. In the end ſhe was delivered of
wo fair Boys and marvellous great twins : which made Amulins more afraid 'than' before. So
he commanded one of his men to take the two Children, and ro throw them away, and deſtroy
Fauſtwis. them. Some ſay that this ſervants Name was Fauſtulus : other think 'it was he that brought them
up. Burt whoſoeverhe was, he that had the charge to throw them away, purthem'in a Trough, and
went towards the River with intention to throw them in. Howbeit he found it riſen {6 high, and run-
ing ſo- ſwiftly, that he durſt not come near the waters ſide, and ſo they being in the Trough, he
laid them on the bank, In the mean time the River ſwelling ſtill, and overflowing the bank,
in ſuch ſort that it came under the Trqugh, did gently lift up the Trough, and carried it unto a
Cormanim. &reat plain, called at this preſent Cermanum, and in the old time Germanum (as Itake it) becauſe the
Romans called the Brothers of Father and Mother, Germani. Now there was near unto this
Ruminalis, Place a wild Fig-tree which they called Rum5nalis, of the Name of Rownlus, as the moſt part thought:
Ox
ROMULUS, t7
—
a
or elſe becauſe the beaſts feeding there, were wont to come under the fame in the extream heat of
the day, and there did ruminate, that is, chew their cud in the ſhadow : or perhaps becauſe that the
two Children did ſuck the teat of the Wolte, which the ancient LaTins call Rum, and they at
this day do yet call the goddeſs on whom they cry out to give their Children ſuck, Ruax1t 1a, The goddeſs
And in their ſacrifices to her they uſe no wine, bnr offer up Milk and Water mingled with Hony. To Rumili.
theſe two Children lying there in this ſort, they write, there carne a ſhe-Wolfe, and gave them ſuck,
and a Hitwaw alſo which did help to nouriſh and keepthem : Theſe two beaſts are thought to be
conſecrated to the god eHars, andthe LaTtiNns do fingularly honour and reverence the Hitwaw.
This did much help to give credit to the words of the Mother, who affirmed ſhe was conceived of
thoſe two Children, by the god eHars. Howbeit lome think ſhe was deceived in her opinion : for
eAmulius that had her maidenhead, went to her all armed, and perforce did raviſh her. Other hold
opinion that the Name of the Nurſe which gave the two Children ſuck with her breaſts, gave occa-
fion to common report to erre much in this tale, by reaſon of the double ſignification thereof. For
the LaT1Ns do call with one ſelf name ſhe-Wolves Zxpas, and Women that give their bodies to all
comers ; as this Nurſe the Wife of Fa»ſtulus (that brought thele Children home to her houſe ) did
uſe todo. By her right Name ſhe was called eAcca Laurentia, unto whom the Romans do facri-
fice yet unto this day : and the Prieſt of ears doth offer unto her in the moneth of April, the ſhed- — CCLLARFERLTA
ding of Wine and Milk accuſtomed at burials, and the Feaſt it ſelf is called Laurentia. It is true that Wit
they honour alſo another Larertia for like occaſion, The Clark or Sexton of Hercyles Temple, not nurſcd the
knowing one day how to drive away the time, as it ſhould ſeem, of a certain livelineſs and boldneſs, Twins. '
did deſire the god Hercules to play at Dice with him, with condition that if he did win, Hercules The Greek:
ſhould be bound to ſend him ſome good fortune + and if it were his luck to loſe, then he promiſed _ Lanes:
Hercules he would provide him a very good ſupper, and would beſides bring him a fair Gentle- *
woman to lye withall, The conditions of the play thus rehearſed, the Sexton firſt caſt the Dice for Her-
cules, and afterwards for himſelf. It fell out that Hercules wan, and the Sexton meaning good faith,
and thinking it very meet to perform the bargain that himſelf had made, prepared a good ſupper, Laurentiz
and hired this Laurentia the Curtiſan, which was very fair, but as yet of no great fame to come to ir, Feait- |
Thus having feaſted within the Temple, and prepared a bed ready there, after ſupper he locked her (4*n** *
into the Temple, as if Hercules ſhould have come indeed and lain with her. And it is ſaid for troth, wn os
that Hercules came thither, and commanded her in the morning ſhe ſhould go into the market-place,
and ſalute the firſt man ſhemet, and keep him ever for her friend, Which thing ſhe performed, and
the firſt man ſhe met was called Tarrutixs, a man of great years, and one that had gathered together Tarruriue,
marvellous wealth and riches, He had no children at all, neither was he ever married, He fell ac-
quainted with this Laxrentia, and loved her ſo dearly, that ſhortly chancing to die, he made her heir
of all he had : whereof ſhe diſpoſed afterwards by her laſt Will and Teſtament, the beſt and greateſt
part unto the people of Rome. Moreover it is reported alſo, that ſhe now being grown to be fa-
mous and of great honour (88 thought to be the Lemman ofa god ) did vaniſh away ſuddenly in
the ſelf-ſame place where the firſt Laurentia was buried. The place at this day is called Yelabrum ,
becauſe rhe River being overflown, they were often times compelled to paſs by boat to go to the Anat T tie
market-place,and they called this manner of ferrying over, Yelatura. Other ſay, that thoſe Tumblers pecad.;, ib. 7.
and common Players, which ſhewed ſundry games and paſtimes to win the favour of the people, were
wont to cover that paſſage over with canyas clothes and vails, by which they go from the market-
place to the Liſts or ſhew-place where they run their Horſes, beginning their race even at that place ,
and they call a vail in their tongue Yelum.. This is the cauſe why the ſecond Laurentia is honoured at
Roms, Faxſtulus chief Neat-heard to Amulins, took up the two Children, and no body knew it, as
ſome ſay ; or- as others report (the likeſt to be true) with the privity and knowledge of Numitor
Amulius Brother, who ſecretly furniſhed them with money that brought up the rwo young Chil-
dren, It is ſaid alſo they were both conveighed unto the City of the Gaz1ans, where they were
— up at ſchool, and taught all other honeſt things, which they uſe to teach the Sons and ,,,,.. ..x
Children of good and Noble nwn, Further they ſay, they were Named Remus and Romulus, be- rem; a
cauſe they were found ſucking on the teats of a Wolte. Now the beauty of their bodies did tion.
m—_ ſhew, beholding only but their ſtature and manner of rheir countenances, of what na-
ture and lineage they were: and as they grew in years, their manly courage encreaſed marvel-
louſly, ſo as they became ſtout and hardy men, inſomuch as they were never troubled or aſtonied
at any danger that was offered them. Howbeit it appeared plainly that Romalus had more wit
and underſtanding than his Brqther Remus, For in all things wherein they were to deal with
their neighbours, either concerning hunting, or the bounds and limits of their Paſtures , it was
ealily diſcerned in him, that he was born to command, and not to obey. For this cauſe they were
both exceedingly beloved of their companions, and of thoſe which were their inferiours. As for
the Kings Heardſmen, they paſſed not much for them, ſaying that they were even like themſelves,
and ſo ſeemed not to care a pin for their anger or diſpleaſure, but wholly gave themſelves to all
gentlemanly exerciſes and trades, thinking to live idly and at eaſe without trayel , was neither
comely nor conyenient : bur to exerciſe and harden their bodies with hunting , running , purſuing
murderers and theives, and to help thoſe which were oppreſſed with wrong and violence , ſhould
be credit and commendation to them. By reaſon whiereof, in very ſhort time they grew to great
tame and renown. And it fell out by chance there aroſe ſome ſtrife and variance between the
Heardſmen of eAmxlixs, and the Heardſmen of Numitor ; infomuch as thoſe that were —_—
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carried away by force ſome Cattle of the others. The other ſide would not bear that, bur purſued faſt
after, and beating them well-favouredly , they made them take their legs, and brought back again
the greateſt part of the Cattle they had carried away with them, Whereat Numer ſtormed mar-
vellouſly, bur yer his men ſeemed to make but little account of it, and purpoſing revenge , they ga-
thered about them a good company of vagabonds ( that had neither home nor reſting place ) and
Romulus a Certain fugitive bondmen which they enticed u[-favouredly , encouraging them to ſteal atvay from
godiy man, _ their Maſters. Thus one day whileſt Romnl;z was bulie about ſome Sacrifice ( being a devout man
and religious, and well given to ſerve the gods, and to learn to. divine and tell betorehand whac
things ſhould happen and come to paſs) it happened the Heardmen of \Vamiror to meet Renns very
ſlenderly accompanied , fo they fel] upon him fuddenly : blows were dealt roundly on both fides,
| and men were hurt on either part, Howbeit Nzmztors men in the end proved the ſtronger part, and
- pong take? took Rem by force, and carried him ſtraight before Namitor alledging many complaints and
- ST” matters againſt him; Numitor durſtnot puniſh him of his own authority, becauſe he feared his Bro-
| ther Amnlizs,who was fomewhat terrible: but went unto him, and earneſtly beſought him ev do him
juſtice, and not to ſuffer him being his own Brother, to receive ſuch injury of his men. There: was not
a man in the City of Ar 34, but did greatly miflikethe injury done to N.umitor : and fpake it open«
ly, that he was no perſon to be offered fucha wrong. Infomuch as eAmmiins moved herewith, did
deliver Remus into his hands, to puniſh him as he thought good. Whereupon I umztor carried him
home with him. But when-he had him in his houſe, he began to conſider better ot him, with admira-
tion how goodly a young man he was, how in heighth and ſtrength of body he paſſed all the reſt of his
people,and perceiving in his face an aſſured conſtancy, and bold ſtedfaſt courage that yeilded not, nor
| was abaſhed for any danger he ſaw towards him: and hearing alſo the report of his a&ts and man-
_ Provi- hood to be anſwerable ro that he ſaw ; (bring chiefly moved in mine opinion, by ſome ſecret inſpi-
ence, . , . ,
ration of the gods, which ordain the depth of great matters) began partly by conjeQure, and partly
by chance to take a conceit of him, So he asked him what he was, and who was his Father and Mo-
ther : ſpeaking to him in a more gentle wiſe, and with a friendlier countenance then before, to make
Remus Orati- him the bolder to anſwer, and be of better hope. Remus boldly anfwered him , Truly I will not hide
on, declaring thetroth from thee, for thou ſeemeſt to be more worthy to be King then tlry Brother eAmrlins. For
rac bins ©. thou enquireſt, and heareſt firſt before thou condemneſt , and he condenimeth before he examine or
Brother Romy hear the parties. Untill now we thought we had been the Children of two of the Kings ſervants, ro
lus, wit of Fanſtulus and of Lanrentia': I ſay we, becauſe my Brother and 1are two twins. Bur ſeeing
we are now falſly accuſed unto'thee, and by malicious ſurmiſed tales are wrongfully brought in dan-
ger of our lives: we intend to diſcover our ſelves, and to declare ſtrange things unto thee, whereof the
preſent perill we now ſtand in, ſhall plainly prove the troth. Men fay that we have been begotten
miraculouſly, foſtered and given ſuck more ſtrangely, and in our tender years were fed by Birds and
wild Beaſts, to whom we were caſt our as a prey. For a Wolie gave us ſuck with her teats, and an
Hitwaw ( they ſay ) brought us little crums, and put them in our mouths, as we lay upon the
bank by the River, where we were put in a Trough that at this day remaineth whole, bound abour
with plates of Copper, upon the which are ſome Letters engtaven half worn our , which perad-
_. venture will one day ſetve for ſome tokens of knowledge ( unprofitable for our parents ) when it
Numnitors wiſ- ſhal} be-too late, and after we are dead and gone. A\mitor then comparing theſe words, with
_ the age the'young man feetned to be of, and conſidering well his face, did not reje&t the hope of his
| imagination that ſmiled on him, but handled the matter fo, . that he found means to ſpeak ſecretly with
Faxfulus care his Daughter, notwithſtanding at that time fhe was kept- very ftraightly. Farftnlus in the mean
to fave Remus. time hearing that Remws was priſoner, and that the King had delivered him already intothe hands of his
Brother Numitor to do juſtice, went to pray Romalns to help him, and told him then witoſe Children
they were : for before he had never opened it to them but tt dark ſpeeches, 'atid glauncing wiſe, and
ſo much as fufficed to put them in ſome hope. So Farftalus taking the Trough with him at rhat time,
went unto Numitor in all haſte, as marvellouſly afrzid for the preſent danger he thought Remus in.
The Kings fouldiers which warded at the gates of the City, began ro Sather ſome ſuſpicion bf Fanſtu-
Ixs manner of coming : and he madehimfelf ro be the moreſuſpected, being queſtioned with about
the cauſe of his repair thither, thathe faultred-in his words ; beſides they «ſpied his Trough which he
carried under his cloak. Now amongft the Warders, there was by chance ohe that was the man to
whom the Children were committed ro be caſt away, and was preſent when they were left on the bank
of the river to the mercy of Fortune, This man knew the Trough by and by , as well by thefafhion,
as by the Letters graven upon it : who miltniſted ſtraight that which-was trac #ideed. So he did not
negle& the thing, but went forthwith'ts the King to cell him the matter, #1d led Farftubys with
him to have him confeſsthe troth. Fay/tulrs being in this perplexity, could not keepaliclofe upon
examination, bur did utter out-ſomewhat vf the matter, and'/hetold not aNl.' For he plzmly juſtified
the Childrenwere alive: yet he ſaid they were far from the City of Ati 4, where they kept beaſts
in the ftelds. And as for the Trough, —— to carry it to /lia, becauſe ſhe had divers' times
| prayed him to ler her ſee and feel-ir : ro rheend fhe might bethe more affured of her hope, who pro-
nates Þ*:- Mmiſed her that one day ſhethould ſee her Children again. 'So it chanced ito” Awwlius at that time, as
—_ = * it commonly dothunto thoſe that kre troubled, and do any' thing in fear or anger, as aman amazed
thereat, to ſend one prefently (Who in all other things was a very honeſt man, but a grear friend of his
Brother Numztors) to as him if he had heard any thing that his Daughters Children were ative. This
perſon being come to Nitmirors houſe, found-him ready to embrace Remns,; whio fell to be wv"
thereof,
ROMULUS.
thereof,and of the good hap diſcovered unto Naymitor ; whereupon he perſwaded him how to ſet upon
his Brother, and to diſpatch the matter with ſpeed. So from that time forward, he took their part. On
the other fide alfo the matter gave them no leiſure to defer their enterpriſe, although they had been
willing : for the whole caſe was ſomewhat blown abroad. So Komrlus then got ſtraight a power, and
drew very near the City, and many of the Citizens of A1 4 went out to joyn with him, who either
feared or hated Amulius. Now Romulus power whichhe brought(over and beſide thoſe Citizens) was
3 good number of fighting men, and they were divided by hundreds, and every hundred had his Cap-
tain who marched before his Band, carrying little bundles of graſs or of boughs tied to the end of
their poles. The LaT1NEs call theſe bundles Manipulos, whereof it cometh that yer at this day in
an Army of the ROMA ns, the Souldiers which are all under one Enſign, are called Manipulares, 1;15;putave;
So Remus ſtirring up thoſe that were within the City, and Romulus bringing in men from withour,the whereof ſo
Tyrant eAmulins fell in ſuch fear and agony, that withou: providing any thing for his ſafery, they called.
came upon him ſuddenly in his Pallace, and flew him. Thus you hear how near Fabius Pittor and Amultus Qatn:
Diocles Peparethian do agree in reciting the ſtory,who was the firſt (in mine opinion) that wrote the
foundation of the City of Rom : howbeit there are that think they are all but fables and tales devi-
ſed of pleaſure. But methinks for all that, they arenot altogether ro be rejected or diſcredited, if we
will conſider Fortunes ſtrange effeRs upon times, and of the greatneſs alſo of the Roman Empire :
which had never atchieved to her preſent poſſeſſed power and authority, if the gods had not from
the beginning been workers of the ſame, and if there had not alſo been ſome ſtrange cauſe , and won-
derful foundation. Amulixs being now (lain as before, and after that all things were appeaſed and
reduced to good order again, Rewws and Romulus would not dwell in the City of A1 za, being no
Lords thereof, nor alſo would be Lords of it, ſo long as their Grandfather by the Mother fide was
alive. Wherefore after they had reſtored him to his eſtate, and had done the honour and duty they
ought unto their Mother, they purpoſed to go and build a City in thoſe places where they had been ««
firſt brought up, for this was the honeſteſt colour they could prerend for their departing from Ar ga.
Peradventure they were enforced ſo to do whether they would or nor, for the great number of baniſh-
ed men, and fugitive ſlaves which were gathered rogether by them for their ſtrength, who had been
utterly loſt and caſt away, if they had been once dilcharged by them, Therefore it was of neceſliry
that they ſhould dwell by themſelves, ſeparated in ſome place, to keep this number together and in
ſome order. For it is true, that the inhabitants of the City of Ar za woutd not ſuffer ſuch baniſhed
perſons and runagates to be mingled amongſt them, nor would receive them into their City to be
tree among them. All which appeareth ſufficiently : firſt, becauſe they took away V/omen by force :
and fo not of inſolency, but of neceſlity, when they tound no man that would beſtow any of them,
It is manifeſt alſo they did greatly honour and make much of the Women they had taken away before.
Furthermore, when their City began a little to be ſerled, they made a Temple of refuge for all fu- 41eus Tent?
tives and afflicted perſons, which they called the Temple of the god eAſilens : where there was ple a Sandtu-
Eaduzry and ſafety for all ſorts of people that repaired thither, and could get into the Temple : for ry for all ba-
nithed pertons
whom it was alledged, they could not deliver any bondman to his Maſter, nor Debtor to his Creditor, 7 77 Fe
nor the murtherer ro the Juſtice, that was fled thither for ſuccour, becauſe the Oracle of Apollo the
Delphian, had expreſly enjoyned them to grant o_ to all thoſe that would come thither for
it, So by this means in ſhort ſpace their City flouriſhed, and was repleniſhed ; where at the firſt
foundation of it, they ſay there was not above One thouſand Houſes, as more at large hereafter ſhall
be declared. When they came now to the building of their City, Romulus and Remus the two bre- Strife berwixr
thren fell ſuddenly at ſtrife rogether about the place where the City ſhould be builded. For Ro- Romulus and
mulys built Rome, which is called four-{quare, and would needs it ſhould remain in the place Remus.
which he had choſen. Remus his Brother choſe another place very ſtrong of ſituation, upon Mount — |
eAventine, which was called after his name Remoninm, and now is called Rignarium. Notwithe SO
ſanding in the end they agreed between themſelves, this controverſie ſhould be decided by the flying
of Birds, which do give a happy divination of things to come, So being fer in divers places by them-
ſelves ro make obſervation, ſome ſay that there appeared unto Remns (ix, and to Romnlys twelve
Vultures. Others ſay that Remus truly ſaw fix, and Romulus feigned from the beginning that he
ſaw twice as many : but when Remys came to him, then there appeared twelve indeed unto Romulus,
and this is the cauſe why the Roma ns at this day in their divinations and ſoothſayings of the fiy-
ing of Birds, do marvelloully obſerve the flying of the Vulturs. Ir is true which the Hiſtoriogra- The Romans
pher Herodotus Ponticus writeth, that Hercules rejoyced much when there appeared a Vulture to oblerve the _
bim, being ready to begin any enterpriſe, For it is the fowl of the world that doth leaſt burt, and fy = of Vut:
never marreth nor deſtroyeth any thing that man doth ſow Splant or fer, conſidering that ſhe feed. ©
eth on carrion only, and doth never hurt nor kill any living thing. Alfo ſhe doth not prey upon dead
fowl, for the likeneſs that is berween them : where the Eagles, the Dukes and the Sakers, do murther,
Kill, and eat thoſe which are of their own kind. And yet as e£ſchylus faith,
Needs mu#t that Fowl accounted be moſt vile,
Moft ravening, and full of filthy mind,
Which doth himſelf continually defile,
By preying ſtill upon his oper kind, | |
Moreover, other Birds are always (as a man would ay) before our eyes, and do daily fhew them
Ives unto us : where the Vulture is 2 very rare Bird, and hardly to be ſeen, and men do not eaſily
find their ayries, Which hath given ſome occaſion to hold a falſe opinion, that the _—_ are
paſſagers
ROMULVUS.
paſſagers, and come into theſe parts out of ſtrange Countries, The Prognoſticators alſo think, that
ſuch things which are not ordinary, and but ſeldom ſeen, be not natural , but miraculouſly fenc
by the gods to prognofticate ſomething. When Remus knew how his brother had mocked him, he
was very angry with him, And when Romulus had caſt aditch, as it were for the wall about his City,
Remus did not onely ſcorn it, but hindred alſo his work, and in the end for a mockery leapt over
Remus ſlain by his Wall. Toconclude, he did ſo much, that at the laſt he was (lain there by Romulus own hands,
Romulus Or as ſome ſay ; or as other hold opinion, by one of his men, which was called Celer. In this Fight
4 hin they flew Fauſtulus, and Pliſtinus alſo his brother, who had holpen bim to bring up Romulus. How-
ſoever the matter fell out, this Celer abſented himſelf from Rome; and went into the Countrey of
ThuscaNne. And they ſay, that men which are quick and ready upon a ſudden, took their names
Celeres,where- Ever after of him, and were called Celeres, As amongſt others, Quintus Merellns after the death of
fore ſo called. his Father, having in very few days made the people of Roms to ſee a combate of Fencers (called
£. Metcllus Gladiatores) fighting at the ſharp, they ſurnamed him Celer, for that the Romans marvelled
yon how he could prepare his things in ſo ſhort a time. Furthermore, Romulus having now buried his
Brother, and his other two bringers up (called foſter fathers) in the place they call Rewonia, began
Romulus lay- then to build and lay the foundation of his City, ſending for men out of ThouscaNE, who did
eth the foun- name and reach him particularly all the Ceremonies he had to obſerve there, according to their Laws
_—g * and Ordinances, as a great holy Myſtery. And firſt of allthey made a round Ditch in the place cal-
_ led at this day Comitium, into which they did caſt their chiefeft and beſt things, which men uſe law-
fully for good, and naturally as moſt neceſſary, After that they did throw alſo into it, a little of the
The Worls, Earth, from whence every man came, and mingled theſe all together. This Ditch in their Ceremo-
nies is called the World, in Latine e und, even the ſelf-ſame name the Latines call the VUnjver-
ſal. About this Ditch they did trace the compaſs bf the City they would build, even as one would
draw a circle about a center. This done," the Founder of the City taketh a Plough, to which he faſt-
neth a Culter or Plough-ſhaxe of braſs, . and ſo yoaked in the Plough an Ox and a Cow, he himſelf
holding the Plough, did make round about the compaſs of the Ciry a deep Furrow. Thoſe which
followed him, had the charge to throw the Turves of Earth inward intothe City, which the Plough-
ſhare raiſed up, and not to leave any of them turned outward. The Furrow thus caſt up was the
whele compaſs of their Wall, which they call in Latine Pomerium, by fhortning of the Syllables,
Pomerium, for poſt murum, to wit, after Wall, But in the place where they determined ro make a Gate, they
why ſo called. did rake off the Plough-ſhare, and draw the Plough, with leaving a certain place unbroken up :
; "whereupon the Roma ns think all the compaſs of their Walls holy and facred, except their Gates.
= Walls For if their Gates had been hallowed and ſantified , they would have had a conſcience through
E them to have brought in, or carried out of the City, any things neceſſary for the life of man, that
The Feaſt day had not been pure and clean, Now they believe certainly, that this Ceremony of the Foundation of
nn, their City was made the one and twentieth of _4pr:/: becauſe the Romans do yet keep that day
—__ *2 holy day, and/call it the Feaſt of the Nativity of their Countrey. On which day they did not in old
pril, - J : bh app
time ſacrifice any thing that had life, as eſteeming that day (which was the Nativity of their City )
to be moſt meet to be kept clean and pure from being polluted or defiled with any blood. Notwith-
ſtanding before Ro » x was builded they had another Feaſt, called the Shepheards or Heardſ-mens
The Feaſt Holy-day, which they did celebrate upon the ſame day, and called it Palilia., Now at this day the
Palilia. beginnings of the moneths with the Romans is clean contrary to the GREc1ans : yet for all
this, they hold opinionfor certainty, that the day on which Rowulxs founded his City, was afſu-
, redly that which the GxEc1a ns call Triacads, that is to ſay, the thirtieth day. On which there
= — aa was ſeen an Eclipſe of the Moon, which they ſuppoſe was obſerved by the Poet 4Antimachus ( born
the laying of In the City of Tz0s) in the thirteenth year of the fixth Olympiad. Likewile in the time of Afar-
the foundati- £%4 Varro (a learned man, and one that had read as much of ancient Stories as any ROMAN) there
on of Rome. was a friend of his called T arutixs, a great Philoſopher and Mathematician, who being given to the
calculation of Aſtronomy for the delight of ſpeculation only, wherein he was thought moſt excellent ;
Varro a Philo» it did fall out that Yarro gave him this queſtion, to ſearch out what hour and day the Nativity of Ro-
lopher, Taruti- wylxs was; who gathered it out by certain accidents, as they do in the reſolutions of certain Geo-
= —_— metrical Queſtions. For they ſay, that by the ſelf-ſame Science, one may tell before of things to
The hour of a COME, and to happen to a man in his life, knowing certainly the hour of his Nativity : and how one
mans nativity may tell alſo the hour of his Nativity, when by accidents they know what hath hapned to him all
may be calcu- his life. Tarutiusdid the queſtion that Yarro gave him, And having throughly conſidered the adven-
—_——_ tures, deeds, and geſts of Romulus, how long he lived, and how he died : all which being gathered
Romulur nati- and conferred together, he did boldly Mdge for. a certainty, that he was conceived in his mothers
vity is calcula- womb, in the firſt year of the ſecond Olympiad, the three and twentieth day of the moneth which
ted by Taruti- the Gy PTIANS call Cheac, arid now is called December, abour.three of the clock in the morn-
-— LY ing, in which hour there was a whole Eclipſe of the Sun : and that he was born into the world,
ect. the 21 of the Moneth of Thoth, which is the Moneth of September , about the riſing of the Sun.
Romulus was And that Rome was begun by him on the ninth. day of the Monerh which the Acy eTt1ans call
conceivedin Pharmuthi, and anſwereth now to the Moneth of 4pril, between two and three of the clock in
his mothers the morning. For they will ſay, that a city hath his revolution and his time of continuance appoint-
Fs . ed, as well as the life of a man : and that they knew by: the fituation of the Stars, the day of her
| beginning and foundation. Theſe things and ſuch other- like, peradventure will pleaſe the R eaders
better, for their ſtrangeneſs and curioſity, then offend or miſlike them for their falſhood., Now yr
| that
ROMULUS.
that he had founded his City, be firſt and foremoſt did divide in two-companies all thoſe that were of The Roman
age tocarry Armour, In every one of theſe Companies there were three thouſand Footmen, and Legion 3000
three hundred Horſemen : and they were called Legions, becauſe they were ſorted of the choſen ©929*men, 300
men that were picked out among all the reſt for to fight. The remain after theſe was called Popul:ss, _—_
which ſignifieth the people. Atter this, he made a hundred Counſellors of the beſt and honeſteft ty-cth x Cor.
men of the Ciry, which he called Patricians : and the whole company of them together he called mm. calth,
Senat#s, as one would ſay, the Councel of the Ancients. So they were called Parricians, as ſome I tte |
will ſay, the Councel of the Fathers lawful children, which tew of the firſt Inhabitants could ſhew,
It may be, ſome will ſay this name was given them of Patrocininm, as growing of the protection
they had by the SanQtuary of their City, which word they uſe at this day m the felf-ſame (igniticari-
on ; as one that followed Evander into ITALY, was called Patron, becauſe he was pitiful, and re-
lieved the poor and little children, and fo got himſelf a name for his pity and humaniry. Bur me-
thinks it were more like the troth to ſay, that Komulr did call them ſo, becauſe he thought the chict-
eſt men ſhould have a fatherly care of the meaner ſort : conſidering alſo it was to teach the meane;
ſort, that they ſhould not fear the authority of the greater, nor envy at the honours they had,
but rather in all their cauſes ſhould uſe their tavour and good will, by taking them as their Fathers.
For even at this preſent , ſtrangers call thoſe of the Senate , Lords or Captains : but the natural
Romans call them, Parres Conſcripti, which is a name of Father-head and Dignity without envy, P.
It is true, that at the beginning they were onely called Patres, but fichence, becauſe they were many /«
joyned unto the firſt, they have been named Parres Conſcripti, as aman ſhould fay, Fathers of re-
cord together : which is the honourableſt Name he could have deviſed to make a difference berwixt
the Senators and the People. Furthermore, he made a difference between the chiefer Citizens, and
the baſer People, by calling the better ſort Patrons, as much to ſay, as Defenders : and the meaner
ſort Clientes, as you would ſay, Followers, or men protected. This did breed marvellous great love
and good will among them, making the onemuch beholding to the other, by many mutual courte-
ſfies and pleaſures : tor the Patrons did help the Cliencs ro their Right, defended their Cauſes in
judgment, gave unto them counſel, and did take all their matters in hand. The Clients again en-
terchangeably humbled rhemſelves ro rheir Patrons, not onely in outward honour and reverence to-
wards them, but otherwiſe did help them with money to marry - and advance their daughters, or elſe
to pay their Debts and Credit, if they were poor ordecayed. There was no Law nor Magiſtrate
that could compell the Patron to be a Witneſs againſt his Chient : nor ” the Client to Witneſs
againſt his Patron. So they increaſed and continued all other Rights and Offices of amity and friend-
ſhip rogether, ſaving afterwards they thought it a great ſhame and reproach for the better and richer,
ro take reward of the meaner and poorer. And thus of this matter we have ſpoken ſufficiently.
The ſhame of
the Romans to
Moreover, four moneths after the foundation of the City was laid, Fabixs writerh, there was a great take oifrs of
DO
raviſhment of women. There are ſome which lay it upon Romulus, -who being then of nature war- poor men.
like, and given to Prophecies and Anſwers of the gods, foretold that his Ciry ſhould become very
great and mighty, fo as he raiſed it by Wars, andencreafed irby Arms ; and the ſought out this co-
lour to do milchief, and ro'make War upon the Sasy Ns. To prove this true, ſome ſay he cauſed
certain of their Maids by force'to be taken away, butinot paſt thirty in number, as one that rather _ m—
ſought cauſe of Wars, then did it for need of Marriages : which methinks was not likely to be true , Sabyne =
but rather I judge the contrary. For.ſecing his City was incontinently repteniſhed with people ot men.
all ſorts, whereof there were very few that had Wives, and that they were men gathered out of all
Countries, and the moſt part of them poor and needy, ſo as their neighbours diſdained them much,
and did not look they would long dwell together : .Rowulus hoping 'by this violent taking of their
Maids and raviſting them, to haveanentry into alliance with the Sa x-xs, and -to entice them
further to join with-them in Marriage, if they did-gently entreat theſe Wives they had gotten, en-
terprized this violent taking of their Maids, and raviſhing of them-in-ſueh ſort, Firſt, he made ito ,,
be commonly bruted-abroad in every place, -that he had found the Altar of a god hidden in the ground, ;1,,,c the r1.
and he called the name of the god, Conſus : cither' becauſe he was god of 'Counſel ; whereupon the viſhmene of
RomMaANS atthis day in their Tongue call Conſilixm, which we call -Counſel : and the chief Magi- the Sabyns
ſtrates of their City Conſules, as we fay Counſellors. ' Other ſay, it was the Altar of the god Nep- po 4
txne, ſurnamed the Patron of Horſes. For this Altar is yet at this day within the great Lifts of the —_ %4
City, and ever covered and hidden, but when they uſethe-running 'Games of their Horſe-race. O- god of horſe.
ther ſay, becauſe Counſel ever muſt be kept cloſe andſecret, they had good reaſon to keep that Al- men.
tar of this god Conſ#u hidden in the ground. Now other write, when it was opened, Romulus made
a Sacrifice of wonderful joy, and hd proclaimed it openly in divers places, that at ſuch a day
there ſhould be common Plays at Rom+, and a ſolemn Feaſt kept of the god Conſwus , where all
that were diſpoſed to come ould be welcome. Great numbers of People repaired thither trom all
parts. He himſelf was ſet in the chiefeſt Seat of the Show-place, apparelled tair in Purple, and ac-
companied with the chief of the City about him. And there having purpoſed this Raviſhment you
have heard'of, he' had given the ſign before : that the ſame ſhould begin , when he ſhould riſe up The execution
and fold a pleight of his Gown, and unfold the ſame again, Hereupon his men ſtood attending with ct the Ravith-
their Swords : who ſo ſoon as they perceived the ſign was given, with'their Swords drawn in hand, = war:
and with great ſhouts and cries, ran violently on the Maids and Daughters of the Sa By Ns to take on
them away and raviſh them , and ſuffered the men ro run away, without doing them any hurt or women ravith
violence. So ſomefay, there were but thirty raviſhed, after whoſe names were called the thirty <1.
T.incages
E——
22 : ROMULUS.
_— — ———
—_—_—
The number of Lineages of the People of Romr, Howbeit Yalerius eAntias writeth, that there were five hundred
the Sabyne and ſeven and twenty : -and Juba, fix hundred fourſcore and three, In the which is ſingularly to
_ raviſh- ;,. noted for the commendation of Romulus , that he himſelf did take then but onely one of the
Herfilia. Maids, named Herſilia: that afterwards was the onely cauſe and mediation of peace betwixt the
Romulus Wife. SABY NS and the Romans. Which argueth plainly, that it was not to do the Sazy Ns any
hurt, nor to. ſatisfie any diſordinate luſt, that they kad fo forcibly undertaken this raviſhment : but
to join two Peoples together, with the ſtraighteſt bonds that could be berween men. This Herſilsa
as ſome ſay, was married unto one Hoſtilins, the nobleſt man at that time amongſt the Romans :
; or as others write, unto Romulus himſelf, which had two Children by her. The firſt was a Daugh-
—_— _— ,_ ter, and her name was Prima, becauſe ſhe was the firſt : the other was a Son, whom he named e1-
> wouhy ollius, becauſe of the multitude of People he had aſſembled rogether in his City, and aſterwards he
His Son was Was ſurnamed eAbillins. Thus Zenodotus the TROEZE NIAN Writeth, wherein notwithſtanding
called Aol/jus there be divers that do contrary him. Among thoſe which raviſhed the Daughters of the Says,
Abillius. it is ſaid there were found certain mean men carrying away a marvellous paſling fair one. Thele
met by chance on the way certain of the chief of the City, who would have taken her by force
from them ; which they had done, bur that they began to cry, they carried her unto Talaſſins, who
was a young man marvellouſly well beloved of every body. Which when the other underſtood, the
were exceeding glad, and they commended them : inſomuch as there were ſome which ſuddenly tur-
ned back again, and did accompany them for Talaſſins ſake, crying out aloud, and often on his
The cauſe why name, From whence the cuſtom came, which to this day the Romans fing at their Marriages,
the Romansdo Talaſſius, like as the GREC1AaNs ſing Hymenens, For it is ſaid he was counted very happy that
ling the Name he met with this Woman. But Sextinus Sylla, a CARTHAGINIAN born, a man very wile,
gs " and well learned, told me once it was the cry and {ign which Romulus gave to his men to begin the
>. Raviſhment: whereupon thoſe that carried them away went crying this word Talaſſius, and that
from thence the Cuſtom had continued, that they fing it yet at rheir Marriages, Nevertheleſs the
moſt part of Authors, ſpecially Jxba, thinks it is a warning to remember the new-married-women
of their work, which is to ſpin, which the Gxtcrans call Talaſſia, the Italian word at that
time being not mingled with the Greek, And if it be truethe Romans uſed this term of 7 a-
laſſia, as weof GREECE do uſe,. we might by conjefture yield another reaſon for it, which ſhould
carry a better likelihood and proof, For-when the Samy Ns after the Battle had made peace
with the Roma ns, they put in.an Article in favour of the Women in the Treaty, that they ſhould
Not be bound to ſerve their Husbands in any other work but in ſpinning of Wool. Ever ſince this
Matrimonial Cuſtom hath grown , that thoſe which give their Daughters in Marriage, and thoſe who lead the
ceremony at Bride, and fac as are preſent at the Wedding, ſpeak in ſport to the new married Wife, laughing,
——_— Talaſſius : in tokenthat they do not lead the Bride for any other work ar ſervice, but to ſpin Wool.
| Thereof this hath been the uſe to this day, that the Bride doth not of her ſelf come over the thre.
hold of her Husbands door, but ſhe is hoiſed prettily into the Houſe : becauſe the Samy NE wo-
menat that time were ſo lift up, and carried away by force. They ſay alſo, that the manner of ma-
king the ſhed of the new wedded Wives hair, with the Iron head of a Javelin, came up then like-
wiſe : this Story being a manifeſt token that theſe firſt Marriages were made by force of Arms, and
as it were at the Swords point : as we have written more at large in the Book, wherein we render
and ſhew the cauſes of the Roma ns Faſhions and Cuſtoms, This Raviſhment was put in execu-
Sextilis, Au- tion about the eighteenth day of the Moneth called Sexti/zs, and now named eAugyſt : on which day
guſt, they yetcelebrate the Feaſt they call Conſualia. Now the Samy Ns were good men of War, and
p_—_ ;, had great numbers of People, but __y dwelt in Villages, and not within encloſed Walls: being a thing
Conſuatiz, fit for theirnoble courages that did fear nothing, and as thoſe who were deſcended from the Lac t-
The $«lyns DAMONIANS, Nevertheleſs they ſeeing themſelves bound and tied to peace by Pledges and Ho-
what thy ſtages, that were very near allied unto them, and fearing their daughters ſhould be ill intreated, ſent
Were. Ambaſſadorsto Rownulus, by whom they made reaſonable ofters and perſwaſtons, that their Daugh-
ters might be delivered unto them again, without any force or violence, and then afterwards, that
he would cauſe them to be asked in Marriage of their Parents, as both Reaſon and Law would require,
ro theend that with good will and conſent of all Parties, both Peoples might contract Amity and Al-
liance together. Whereunto Romulus made anſwer, he could not reſtore the Maids which his People
had taken away and married : but moſt friendly he prayed the Sa sy Ns to be contented with their
Alliance, This anſwer being returned, and not liked, whilſt the Princes and Commonalty of the
Acrn ting of Sa py Ns were occupied in conſultation, and about the arming of themſelves : eAcron King of the
corre” Hl CENINENSES (a man exceeding couragious and skilful in Wars, and one that from the begin-
i + ri ning miſtruſted the over-bold and ſtout Enterprizes that Romulus was likely to attempt) conſidering
the late Raviſhment of the Sas y Ns Daughters, and how he was already greatly dreaded of his
Neighbours, and ſomewhat untolerable, if he were not chaſtiſed and brought lower, firſt began ro
invade him with a puiſſanc Army, and to make hot and violent Wars upon him. Romulus on the
other fide prepared alſo, and went forth to meet him. - When they were come ſo near together,
that they might ſee one another, they ſent defiance to each other, and prayed that they two mighr
fight man to man amidſt their Armies, and neither of theirs to ſtir a foot. Both of them accepted
of it, and Romulus making his Prayerunto Jupiter, did promiſe and make a Vow : That if he did
Ain Main in 8ive him the victory to overcome, he would offer up to him the Armour of his Enemy, which he
þ:H.1d, did, For firſt he ſlew eAcroz in the Field, and afterwards gave Battle to his men, and overthrew
: them
Tx. =: a. 2. +, RE 0 JO... FR.
— 1
7
ROMULUS. 27
— - — ——_ — ——
— — ——
them alſo. Laſtly he rook his City, where he did no hurt nor yet diſpleaſure to any, ſaving that
he commanded them to pull down their Houſes; and deſtroy them, and to go dwell wich hun a:
Rowe : where they ſhould have the ſelf-ſame Rights and Priviledges which the firſt Inhabitants di4
enjoy. There was nothing more inlarged the City of Roe then. this manner of policy, to join
always unto it thoſe ſhe had overcome and vanquiſhed. Romulus now to diſcharge his Vow, and in
fuch ſort that his offering might be acceptable to Jupiter, and pleaſant to his Citizens to behold, dil
cut down a goodly ſtraight grown young Oak, which he lighted on by good fortune, in the place
where his Camp did lie : the ſame he trimmed and fer forth atrer the manner of victory, hanging
and tying all about it in fair order, the Armour and Weapons of King eAcron. Then he girding
his Gown to him, and putting upon his _ of hair a Garland of Lawrel, laid the young
Oak upon his right ſhoulder, and he firſt marched. before rowards his Ciry, and ſung a royal Song ot
ViRory, all his Army following him in Arms uato the City in order of battle : where his Citizens
received him in all pailing wiſe and triumph. This noble and Rtately entry ever fince hath given them The beginning
minds in ſuch ſort, and in ſtatelier wiſe to make their triumph. The offering of this Triumph was de- & triumph, *
dicated to Jupiter ſurnamed Feretrian : becauſe the Latine word Ferire ſignifieth ro hurt and kill : ,
and the Prayer Romulus had made, was, he might hurt and kill his Enemy, Such Spoils are called es he.
in Latine, Spolia opima : therefore ſaith Yarro, that opes ſignifie riches. Howbeit merhinks ir were $p4/;, pin,
more likely to ſay, that they were ſo named of this word ops, which berokenerh a deed, becauſe he
muſt needs be the chief of the Army, that hath lain with his own hands the General of his Enemics,
and that muſt offer the Spoils called Spolia opima, as you would ſay, his principal Spoils and Deeds.
This never happened yer but to three Roman Captains onely : of the which Romulus was the firſt,
who (lew eAcron King of the CENINENSES. Cornelixs Cofſus was the ſecond , who killed 7s- Three Romans
lumnius, the General of the Thuscans. Clodius e Marcellus was the third, who flew Britomar- ooly obtained
rus, King of the GAuLzs, with his own hands. And for the two laſt, Coſſus and Marcellus, they (P94 opima.
made their entry into.the City, carrying rheir Triumphs upon Chariots triumphant : but Romulrxs
did not ſo, Therefore in this point D:onyſws the Hiſtoriographer hath erred, writing that Romulus
did enter into RoME upon a Chariot triumphant, For it was T arquinins Priſcus the ſon of Bee , Leeks
maratus,' Who firſtdid ſet out Triumphs in ſo ſtately and magnificent ſhow. Other hold opinion: it Prifcurthe firit
was V alerinsPublicela, who was the firſt thatever entred upon triumphant Chariot. Concerning that triumph-
Romulus, his Siarues are yer. to beſeen in Rom ,. carrying his Triumph afoot, After this over. <4 in Charior,
throw and taking of the CanineNs es, the Inhabitants of the Cities of Fipx'Na, Crus Tu- es Pub-
MER1UM, and ANTEMNa:, roſe all rogether againſt the Roma ns , whiles the other Sazy Ns wo of
alſo were a preparing themſelves; : So they fought a Battle, in which they took the overthrow ridens, Cru-
and left their Cities to the ſpoil of Romulus, their Lands to be given where he thought 'good, and ſtunerium, and
themſelves to be carried ro RoME. | Romulus then did give their Lands among his Citizens, except of Antemns,
thoſe Lands which.did belong ro the Fathers of the Maidens that they had taken away and raviſhed. rt 3gainlt-
For he was contented that the Fathers of them ſhould keep ſtill their Lands, By and by the other The g os led
SABY NS ſtomaching therext, did chuſe them a General called T ar:#s, and fo went with a puifſant by Tarias,wegr
Army toward the City of Rot, whereunto: to- approach at that time it was very hard, the Caſtle *9 beliege the
or Keep of their City being ſelxed where at this day che Capitol -ſtandeth, within which there was a of Rome,
a great Garriſon, whereof Tarpeins was Caprain, and not his Daughter Tarpeia, as ſome will ſay, —_— : wt
who ſet out Romulus as a fool. But Tarpeia the. Captains Daughter, for the defire ſhe had to have Caltle, and
all the gold Bracelets which they did wear about their arms, ſold the Fort to the Sa zy xs, and letteth in th:
asked for, reward of her Treaſon, all they did wear on. their left arms. 7 atius promiſed them unto $471
her : and ſhe. opened them a Gate in the night, by: the which ſhe did let all the Sat x5 into tlie
Caſtle. e{nt5poyws then wasnotalone, who ſaid, He loved thoſe which did betray, and hated them An:izonus and
that had bgrayed::- nor yet Ceſar eAnuguſtus , who told Rymitalces the THRACTAN , That he Avg1/tur Co-
loved Treaſen,: but he hated Trayrors. And: itisa common affe&ian which we bear to wicked per- {47s word» of
{ons, whilſt ye Rand in need of. them : not! unlike for all the world ro thoſe that have need of the —_—
gawl and poyfon. of. venemous Beaſts. For when they find it, they are glad, and take” it to ſerve
their turn-:, but after their turn is ſerved, and chey have thar they ſought, they hate- rhe cruelty of
ſuch Beaſts. So played 7 atius atthat time, For'when he was gonen into the Caſtle, he command-
ed the Sa px/vs. (for performance of his promiſe he had' made to T arpeia ) they ſhould nor Rick
to- give her all; they wear on theirleft arms, and to do as he did : who taking from his own arm
firſt, the Bracelets which hewore, did caft it to her, and his Targer after # and fo did all the reſt iti Nure the rc
like ſort} infouch as being borne down to the ground/by the weight of Bracelets and Targets, ſhe ward of Trea-
died as preſſed to death under her burden, Nevertheleſs Tarpeins ſelf was attainted, and condem- fon:
ned alſo. of [Tteaſon, by Romalus order, as Fuba faith , it is ſer forth by- Sulpitins Galba. They
that write ngy+.otherwiſe of. Tarpers, ſaying ſhe was the Daughter of Tatius, General of the SA-
BY NS, and; wagforced by Rowalys to lie with him, and how ſhe was: puniſhed in this ſort by her
own Father after her ſaid Treaſon committed : thoſe I ſay, amongſt whom eAnrigonus is one, are
not tobe credited; - And the Poet $imylus alſo doth dote moſt, who. ſaith Tarpeia ſold the Capitol
not to-the Sag yNs, butto the King of GauLz's, with whom ſhe was in love, as in thele Verſes doth
appear ;
R gin!
un.
Tarpeia, that Maid of fooliſh mind,
Which-near unto the Capitol did dwell,
ROMULUS.
The place of
the fight be.
tewixt Romulus
and Tatius.
Curtius the
Sabync.
Curtius Lake.
» The Sabyns
give battle to
Romulus,
Hoſtilius ſlain,
Romulus hit
on the head
with a ſtone.
Fuptter Stator.
A wonderful
boldneſs of
women,
1nfervent flames of beaſtly love be blind.
; re" King of Gaules did makg her ſwell)
Caus'd ſtately Rome ſurprized for to be
By Enemies, as every man may ſee.
eAnd ſo through hope of bus fidelity
Betray'd her Sire, with all bis Family.
And alittle after, in ſpeaking of the manner of her death, he faith alſo :
Yet lo: the Gaules, thoſe worthy men of might,
Threw her not down into the waves of Po,
But from their Arms, wherewith they wont to fight,
T hey caſt their Shields upon her body ſo,
That (he ſuppref# with ſuch an heavy weight,
(Ab wofull Maid) to death was fmother'd ſtraight.
This Maiden therefore being buried in the ſame place ; the whole Hill was called afterwards Tar-
peixs after her name, which continued untill T arquizizs the King did dedicate all the place to Jupiter :
tor then they carried her bones into ſome other place, and ſoit loſt her name. Unleſs it be that rock
of the Capitol, which at this preſent time they call Rapes T arpesa, from the rop whereof they
were wont in old time to throw down headlong all wicked Offenders, When the Savy ns now
had gotten this hold, Romulus being exceeding wroth , ſent them a defiance, and bad them Battle
if they durſt, Tatius ſtraight refuſed not, conſidering if by miſchance they were diftreſſed, they had
a ſure refuge to retire unto. The place between the two Armies where the Fight ſhould be, was all
round about environed with little hills. So as it was plain, the Fight could not be but ſharp and
dangerous, for the diſcommodiouſneſs of the place, where was neither ground for any to fly, nor yet
any ſpace for any long chace, it was of ſo ſmall'a compaſs. Now: it fortuned'by chance, the River
of Tyber had overflown the banks a few days before, and there' remained init a deeper mud than
men would have judged, becauſe the ground was ſo plain, and was even where the great Market-
place of Rome ſtandeth at this day. They could. diſcern. nothing: thereof by the eye, becauſe the
upper part of it was cruſted, whereby it was the more'ready for them to venture upon, and the worſe
xo. get out, for that it did ſink underneath. So the Samy Ns had gone uponit, had-not Curtizs
danger been, which by good fortune ſtayed them, He was one of the: nobleft and valianteſt men of
the Sa By Ns, who being mounted upon a Courſer, went on a good way before the ' Army, This
Courſer entring upon the cruſted mud, and finking withall, began to- plunge and ſtruggle'in the mire:
whereat Curtizs proved a while with the ſpur to. ſtir him, and ' get him out, but in the'end ſeeing
it would not be, he left his back, and ſaved himſelf, The ſame very place to this day is called after
his name, Lacms Curtis, The SAByNns then ſcaping thus this danger, began the Battle, The
Fight did grow very cruel, and endured ſo great a while, the Victory leaning no more to the one
fide than to the other, There died in a ſmall ſpace a great number of men, amongſt whom Hoſts15145
was one, who as they ſay, was the Husband of Herſ#a, and Grandfather to Hoſtslix4 that was King
of theRomans after Numa Pompilins. Afterward there were (as we may think) many ' other En-
counters and Battles between them 2. howbeit they make mention of the laſt above all the reſt, where-
in_Romnlus bad ſo ſore a blow on his head with a ſtone, that he was almoſt felled to the ground, inſo-
much as he was driven to retire a little out ofthe Battle. Upon which-occafion the Roma ns gave
back alſo, and drew towards Mount Palatine, being driven out of-the Plane by force. Romulr be-
gan now to recover of the blow he had received, and fo returned to give a new onſet, and cry ed out
all he might co his Soldiers to __ and ſhew their face again to-their Enemy. -But for' all his loud
crying, they left not flying ftill for life, and there was not one that durft return again:+ Whereupon
Romulus lifting up his frraight to Heaven, did. moſt fervently pray unto Jupster, that it would
pleaſe him to tay the flying of his People, and not- ſuffer the Roxa xs 'Glory thus.to fall to- their
utter deſtruRion, but to repair it by his favour again. . He had'no ſooner ended his Prayer, but di-
vers of his men that fled, began to be aſhamed to fy before: their King, :and a ſudden buldneſs came
upon them, and their fear therewithall vaniſhed away./: The place they: firft ſtayed” ing*was where as
now is the Temple of Zpiter Stator, which is as much to ſay , as:Zxpirer the. Stayer. Afterwards
gathering themſelves together again, they repulſed, the Sa »y ns even:to'the placechey call now
Regia, and unto the Temple of the Goddeſs Yeſta : where. both the Bartles being prepared to give
a; new Charge, there did fall out before them a ſtrange and incredible: thing to ſee, which Rayed them
that they fought not. For of the Sasy n» Women whom the Roma'ns had- raviſhetl;} ſome ran
of the one ſide; other of the other fide of the Battles , with Lamentations, -Cryes, -and Shours,
ſtepping between their Weapons, and among the ſlain Bodies.on the-ground, inſuch ſort that they
ſeemed out of their wits, and carried as it were with ſome Spirits.:. Ini this 'mariner"they went'to
find out their Fathers and their Hosbands, ſome. carrying their ſuckling Babes i their arms, other
having their hair looſe about their eyes, and all of them calling, now upon the Sasy'xs, now up-
on the RoMA'Ns, with the gentleſt names that could be, deviſed :: which did melt the hearts of both
Parties in ſuch ſort, that they gave back a little, and made them-place between both -the Bat-
tles. Then were the Cryes _ Lamentations of every one plainly heard. There was not a man
there but it pitied him, as well to ſee them in' that pitiful caſe, as to hear the lamentable words
they ſpake ; adding to their moſt humble Perizions,and Requeſts thar: could be any way imagined,
paſting wiſe Perſwaſions and Reaſons to induce them to a Peace, For what offence (ſay they) -
what
The words ot
Herſiliz and v=
ther Sabjne
women unto
both Armies,
«+1200
ali
Qairites, why
fo called,
name : and the Inhabitants ſhould be called 2air5tes , after the name of the Ciry of T at;us King of
the SAzY NS , and that they ſhould reignand govern together by a common conſent, The =
where this peace was concluded , is called yet tg this day Comitinm; becauſe that Coire , inthe La- Comitium,
tine Tongue fignifieth to aſſemble. So the City being augmented þy the one half , they did chuſe of
the SaBy Ns another hundred new: /PATRICIANS , unto the firſt hundred of the RoxA ws that
were choſen before. - Then were the Legions made of 6000 Footmen, and 600 Horſemen. After they Th
divided their Inhabitants into three Tribes , whereef thoſe that came of Romalus , were called Ram- ar Fg
nenſes after his name : thoſe that came of 7 atime 'were called 7 atiexſes after his name : and thoſe that Foommen, and
were of the third ſtock , were called LZucrenſes as from the Latine-word Lacs, called with us a Grove 600 Horle-
in Engliſh , becauſe thither great number of people of all ſarts did- gather , which afterwards were _
made Citizens of Roms, The very word of Triþxs-( which fighifieth- bands ; wards , or hundreds ) 4...
doth witneſs this beginning of Rome from Wards vr Hundreds. For; hereupon theRoma xs call b
thoſe at this day, their 7rib#ae , which are the chigf heads of tbe people. - But every one of theſe
principall Wards had afterwards ten other paruq Jar» Wards 1inder them , which ſome think were
called after the.names of the thirty -Sa yy x women thqt-were raviſhed : but that ſeemeth falſe , be-
cauſe many of them carry the -names: of the 'plates-they came from, Howbeit at that time many Honour give:
things were ſtabliſhed and ordained. m honour of the women : as to give them place, the upper hand to women.
in meeting chem : the upper hand in ſtreets : to.ſpeak no foul or diſhoneſt word, before them , no
man to unwray himſelf , or ſhew naked. before them ;: that chey ſhould not becalled before criminal
Judges ſitting upon Homicides-and murderers : that their children ſhould wear about their necks a
kind of Jewell, called Bu4s, faſhioned in manner like theſe water bubbles that riſe upon the water
when ir beginneth to-rain : and that their Gowns ſhould be garded with Purple. Now the two
Kings did not ſtraight, confer together. ſo ſoon as any occaſion. of buſinels was offered them , but ei-
ther of them did firſt counſell alone with his hundred Senators,and afterwards they did all aſſemble to-
gether. . Tats#s dwelt in the place where now is the Temple of }«»o AMoneta : Romalus in the place ates ants
called at this preſent , The ftairs of the fair bank ,-then , The deſcent of Mount Palatine, as they _—_ pal —_
goto the Show-place or great Liſts, where they ſay was ſometime the holy Cornell-tree , whereof
they make ſo great account. , Row#lus one day :defirous.to prove his ſtrength , threw ( as it is ſaid ) The holy
a dart from Mount Aventine toward Mount Palating ; the ſtaff whereof was of a Cornell-tree : and Cornell-tree,
the Iron of it entred ſo deep into'the ground , being luſty fat ſoyl, that no man could pull it our ,
although many proved it, and did the beſt they could; The ground being very good and fit to bring
forth Trees, did ſo nouriſh' the end of this ſtaff, that it rook root., and began to ſpread bran-
ches: ſo that in, time it became a fair great Cornell-tree , which the Succeſſors of Roms/-4- did in-
cloſe with a wall, and did keep and worſhip it as a yery holy thing. If by chance any wentto ſee
it, and found it looked not freſh and green, /butlike a Tree. withered and dried away tor lack of
- Moyſture ; he went away ſtraight as .one afraid ,crying to all he met ( and they with him went cry-
ing ſtill ) in every place , Water , water, asit;had been to have quenched a fire. Then ran they
thither out of all Quarters with Veſſels of water, to water and moiſt the Tree. In the time of
Caing Ceſar', who cauſed the ſtairs about it to be repaired , they ſay the Labourers raiſing the _
| D an
26
ROMULUS.
Os RO
and digging about this Cornell-tree, did by negligence hurt the roots of the ſame in ſuch fort, as
The Sabyns u- afterwards it dried up altogether. Now the Say ws received the Moneths after the manner of the
ſed the Romans Romans, whereof we have written ſufficiently in the life of wma. Romnlws again uſed the SA-
moneths.
Feaſts , Matro-
nalia, Carmen-
ralia, Carmenta
Lupercalta.
The Luperci-
* ans do ſacrifice
a dog,
Why the Lu-
perctans do run
through the
City naked.
The Veltall
Nuns and ho-
ly fire inſtitu-
ted by Romulus.
Liduus,
BYNS ſhields : and both he and his people changed the faſhion of their Armour and Weapons they
uſed. For the Romans before did carry little Shields , after the faſhion of the AxG1ves. As
for either of their Holy-dayes and Sacrifices , they kept them both altogether , and did not take away
any of them . which either the one or the other people obſerved before , but they added thereunto
ſome other new. As that which they cali 2ſatronalia , which was inſtituted in honour of the Wo-
men, becauſe by their means peace was concluded. And that alſo of Carmentalia, in the honour
of Carmenta , whom ſome ſuppoſe to be the Goddeſs of Fate or Deſtiny : becauſe ſhe hath rule and
power over the Nativities of men : by reaſon whereof the mothers call upon her often , and reve-
rence her very much. Other ſay , ſhe was the wife of Evander the ARcAaDIan, who being a
Propheteſs infvired by the god Phebms, gave the Oracles in Verſe ; whereupon ſhe was ſurnamed
Carminta , becauſe that Carminain Latine fignifieth Verſes : for it is of certainty that her proper
name was Nicoſtrata. Howbeit there are ſome which give another manner of derivation and inter-
pretation of this word Carmenta, which is the likelier to be true : as if they would ſay , Carens men-
re : which ſignifieth wanting wit , for the very fury that taketh them when they are inſpired with the
propheticall Girir, For in Latin Carere berokeneth to lack : and Mens ſignifieth wit. As for the
Feaſt of Palilia , we have told of it before : but the Feaſt of Lapercalia , conſidering the time of ce-
lebrating thereof, it ſeemerh it is ordained for a purification, For it is celebrated on the unfortunate
days of the Moneth of February, whigh are called the purging days. The days inthe old time on
which they did celebrate the ſame, were called Febrwata. But the proper name of the Feaſt , is as
much wer , as the Feaſts of Wolves, Whereforeit ſeemeth to be a Feaft of great antiquity , and
inſtituted by the AxcADIANS which came in with Zwander : albeit the name of Wolves is as
commonto the females , as the males, and ſo vas perhaps be called, by reaſon of the Wolf
that brought up Romulus. For we ſee thoſe run up and down the City that day, and they call
Lypercs , do begin their courſe in the uy place where they ſay Rowylus was caft out. Howbeit, ma-
ny things are _ Aron the on mnngeAs now to be _— For gy about
2 certain time of the year , are : ring two yes, Noble-mens ſons, whoſe
foreheads they touch with the knife beblouded with the bloud of the Goats that are ſacrificed. By
and by they dry their foreheads with wooll dipped in milk, Then the young boys muſt laugh imme-
diately after they have dried their fnrehieads. That done , they cut the Goats skins, and make thongs
of them, which they take in —_ and .run with them all about the City ftark naked ( ſaving
they have a cloth before their ſecrets) and ſo they ftrike with theſe thongs all they meet in their way.
The young wives never ſhun them ar all , but are well contented to be ftriken with them , believing it
helpeth them to be with child , and alſoto be eaſily: delivered, There is another thing yer in Sis
Feaſt , that theſe LuPERCIANs which run about the City, do alſo ſacrificeadog. Concerning
this Feaft, the Poet named But as doth write ſomewhat in his Elegies, where ſhewing the occaſion of
the fond Cuſtoms and Ceremonies bf the Roma ns ,:he doth ſay , that Rowalxe after that he had
Nlain Amulixs , did run fraight with great joy ro'the very place where the wolf gave him and
his brother ſuck , in memory 0 which running, he ſainh this Feaſt of Lypercalia was 4 rr : and
that the Noblemens y ſons do run-throc?,” the City , ftriking- and laying on chem that they
meet in their way with their Goat-thongs, in token that Reww and Romulus ran from ALBA un-
to that place, with their drawn ſwords in their hands, And that the touching of their forehead
with a bloody knife , is in remembrance of the danger they tood'in ar that time to have been (lain,
Laſt of all , thedrying of their foreheads with wooll , dipped in milk, is in memory of the milk
they ſucked of the Wolves. But Cain Aciling writeth that Rewm and Romulus before Rom was
built , did happen to loſe their beaſts on a day , and after they had made certain Prayers unto F a» -
»ws for the finding of them, they ran here and there ftark naked as they went a ſeeking of them,
for fear they ſhould have been troubled with overmuch heat and' — And 'this is the cauſe he
faith , why the LuyzRxc1aNns do at this day run about naked. And if it be true, they make this
Sacrifice for a purging , aman might ſay they might offer up a dog for that purpoſe, asthe Gz x-
CIANS in their Sacrifices of purgation, do uſe to —_—_— all theirdogs. And in many places they
do obſerve this Ceremony, to drive out the dogs, which they call Per:ſey/ac5/mer. Otherwiſe, if it
be of a thankfulneſs tothe Wolf that gave Romnlma ſuck , and faved him from periſhing , that the
Roma ns do ſolemnize this Feaſt : it is not impertinent they ſhould ſacrifice a dog , becauſe he is an
enemy to the Wolves. Unleſs a man would ſay , it was to punifh this beaft which troublerh and let-
teth the Luyzxcians when —_— Some ſay alſo it was Rowslvs, who firſt inftituted it a Reli-
gion to keep holy fire,and that firſt ordained holy-Virgins,which are. called Yefales : other do aſcribe
it to N»ma Pompilixs, Notwithſtanding it is moſt certain otherwiſe, that Rowslu« was a very devout
man , and greatly skilfull in telling of things to come by the flying of birds , for which cauſe he did or-
dinarily carry the Augurs crooked aff, called in Latin Lite. 'Ttis a rod crooked at the end,where-
with the Augurs or Soothſayers when they fit down to behold the flying of birds,do point out & mark
the quarters of the Heaven. They carefully kept it within the palace: howbeit it was loft in the time of
wars with the GauL ts,when the City of Rox 5 was taken. Afterwards when theſe barbarous people
were chaſed & driven out,it was found again(as it is ſaid)all whole,within a great hill or heap of aſhes,
having no manner of hurt , where all things elſe abour it had been conſumed and marred with the fire,
He
27
liberty 1s not given to
al :ſoning of he ;
kun = -, he put her away for any other cauſe, then the one halt of the Goods is adjudged
ro the wite , and the other moity to the Goddeſs Ceres : and he that putteth away his wite after this
ſort , is commanded further to lacrifice to the Goddeſs of the Earth, This alſo was notable in R«-
mus , who having ordained no pain nor puniſhment for Parricides ( thatis , for thoſe that kill
their Parents ) called yer all murther Parricide , toſhew how dereſtable that murther was , and as for
Parricide , he thought it unpoſſible. And it ſeemed a great while , he had reaſon to. think ſo, that, _
ſuch wickedneſs would never happen in the World, For in 600 years together it was not known o_ des,
that any man in YOM committed ſuch an offence, and the firſt Parricide with them was Lucuu O- EGS
ſtivs, after the Wars of Hanmbal. But enough touching this matter, Furthermore in the firſt- 600 year, +;
year of the reign of Tatis , ſome of his kinſmen and friends met by chance on the way certain g<ther. |
Ambaſſadors, coming from the City of LaukeNTum unto ROME, whom they ſer upon, and Lucins Offi
meant to have robbed them, The Ambaſſadors refiſting them , and not willing to deliver their mo- + 9.4 1.
ney , ther made no more ado , but flew them, This hainous deed being thus committed , Romelus own tather a
was of opinion they ſhould be executed openly in the high-way for example. But Tarias deferred it Rome.
ſtill from day to day , and did always exculethe matter unto him , which was the onely cauſe they * >a/\adors
fell our one withthe other. For in all things elſe, they carried themſelves as honeſtly as might be the Sake coming
one to the other , ruling and governing rogether , with a common conſent and good accord. But the The deat .1
Parents and Kinsfolks of thoſe who were murdered , when they ſaw they could have no juſtice be- Tatizs in Ly.
. cauſe of Ttivs , watched him one day as he ſacrificed with Romealns, 10 the City of Layiniun, in:
and ſtabbed him in , without offering Romnlws any violence , but rather praiſed him for a good and
righteous Prince. Romnlis cauſed rhe body of Tati»s to be ſtraight taken up, and buried him very | |
honourably in Mount AVENTINE, about the place now called ARMI1LUSTRIUM, Further he ArMilaſtriun,
never ſhewed any countenance to revenge his death, There are ſome Hiſtoriographers that write,
that thoſe of the City of Laukz nTuw being affraid at this murder , did deliver forthwith to Ro-
»:ulus the murderers of the Ambaſſodors. He notwithſtanding did let them go again, ſaying : One
murther was requited by another. This gave ſome occaſion of ipeech to think, he was glad he was
rid of his companion : yet the Sa »y Ns neither ſtirred nor rebelled for all this , but ſome of them J"* $4byns 0:
bedience to
were afraid of him for the great love they bare him , other for his power he was of , and other for the xomutye.
honour they gave him as a god , continuing ftill in dury and obedience towards him. Divers ſtrangers
alſo had Romelse valiantly in great honour : as amongſt others, thoſe who then were called the ancient
LATINES, which ſent Ambaſſadors to him to'make league and amity with him, He deviſed to take
the City of FrpEx A which was near to ROME. Some ſay he took it upon a ſudden , having ſent Romulus took
before certain Horſ-men to break down the hooks and hinges with' force , which the Gates hang the City ofF4:
by : and himſelf came after with the reſt of his army 5 and. ſtole uponthem, before the City miſtruſted _
any thing. Other write thatthe Five x AT Es firſt invaded his Country; and foraged unto the very
Suburbs of ROME , where they did great harm : and how Roms/z laid an ambuſh in-their way, as
they returned home, and flew a great number of them. When he took their City , he did not raze it,
but made a Colony of it ( as a place to ſend the over-increaſe of R ox unto) whither he ſent after-
wards two thouſand five hundred Roma Ns to inhabit there : and it was on thethirteenth day of A-
pril , whichthe Roma xs call the Ides of the ſame Moneth. Not long after there roſe. ſuch a great Plague at
Plague in Rome , that men died ſuddenly, and were not ſick : the Earth brought forth-ao fruit : brute —— {Blows
Beaſts delivered no increaſe of their Kind : there rainedalſo drops of blood in Rot, as they fay. In- ,, _ WR
ſomuch as beſides the evils men felt in this extremity , they fell] in a marvellous fear of the wrath of |
the gods, Afterwards perceiving the like hapned to the Inhabitants of Laurz xTum , then every
man judged it was the very vengeance and heavy hand of the gods : who plagued and puniſhed theſe
two Cities for the murder commuted upon T atizs, andthe Ambafladors that were killed,” Whereupon
the murderers of both ſides were apprehended and executed : and thefe plagues by and by ceaſed both
in the one and the other City. Romalz beſides , did purihie the Cities with certain Sacrifices that he
deviſed , which they keep ſtill at this day, at the gate called Ferents4. Bur before the plague ceaſed, the
CAMERIANS came to affault theROMaNs, and had overcome all the Countrey ; ſuppoſing they
ſhould not be able to withſtand them, becauſe they had been ſo ſore traubled with the plague. | Yer not-
withſtanding, Ron: {4 ſet upon them with his Army, and wan the field of them,in which conflict there — .
were ſlain about 6000 men. Afrer the battell done, he took their City , and conveyed to ROE the nd, =
one half of the Inhabitants that remained. Afrer this, he ſent twice as many Roxaxs as there were ;,,. ,
naturall CaMtERIANs left at CAMERtNE, to'dwell there amongthem. This wab done the firſt
day of Auguſt : ſo great was the multitude of the Inhabitants of RO» that had increaſed in 16 years
from the firſt foundation of the Ciry. Among other ſpoiles he get there, he carried-away a Chariot of
braſs with four horſes, which he cauſed to be ſer -up- in the Temple of Yul a», and his own Statue
upon it, and Victory crowning him with a Garland triumphant. -His: power being grown thus great,
his weak Neighbours did ſubmit themſelves unto him ; being contented to live in peace by him. His
ſtronger Neighbours were afraid 'of hirf , and envied-much his greatneſs, and did take it no good
Policy to ſuffer him thus to riſe in the face of the- World , and-thought it meet ſpeedily to daunt his
glory , and clip his wings. The firſt of the THuscants that' bent their power -agaioſt him ,
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were the Vz1aNs , who had a great Countrey , and dwelled in a ſtrong and mighty City. To pick
a quarrel{ to him, they ſent to have delivered torhem the City of Five x A , which they ſaid be-
longed unto them. This was thought not onely unreaſonable, but a thing worthy laughing at, con-
fidering that all the while the FivenaT &s were in War and danger , the ThuscaNnEs never
came to their aide , but had ſuffered them to be ſlain , and then came to demand their Lands and Te-
nements , when other bad poſſeſſion of them. Therefore Rownlns having given them an Anſwer full
of mockery and derifion ,, they divided their power into two Armies, and ſent the one againſt them
of FiDExA , and with the other they marched towards Rome. That which went againſt the Ciry
of FiDExA prevailed , and killed there two thouſand Romans : the other was overthrown and
diſcomfited by Romnlns, in which there died eight thonſand Vzr1ans. Afterwards they met
apain ſomewhat near the City of the FivsnATEs , where they fought a battell , and did con-
fels the chiefeſt exploit was done by Romxlxs own hands that day , who ſhewed all the $kill and
The increaj- | Valiantneſs that was to be looked for in a worthy Captain, It ſeemed that day , he far exceeded
ble valiantneſs the common ſort of men, in ſtrength of body and feats of Armes. Nevertheleſs that which ſome
of Romulus. ſay, is hardly to be credited : and to be plain, is out of all compaſs of belief and poſlibilicy. For
they write , there were fourteen thouſand men ſlain at that Bartell, and that more then half of
them were flain by Romalus own hands: and the rather , for that every man judgeth it a vain
brag and oftentation which the MEs$ENn1Aans report of Ariſtomenes , who offered in Sacrifice
to the gods three hundred Beaſts of Victory, as for ſo many LaczDamON1ans himſelf had
flain in the Bartell. Their Army being thus broken, Romnlw ſuffered them to fly who by ſwift-
nels could ſave themſelves, and marched with all his power in good array towards their City, The
Citizens then conſidering their late great loſs and overthrow , would not hazard the danger of with-
ſtanding bim , but went our al{ together , and made their humble petition and ſuite for peace, All
Romulus ma- Was granted them for a hundred years, ſave they ſhould forgo their Territory called Sepremagiam,
keth peace that wasthe ſeventh part of their Countrey : and yeeld to the Romans all their ſalt-houſes by the
with the Vei- Rivers tide, aud deliver fifty of their chiefeſt C itizens for their pledges. Romalx made his entry and
"_ Triumph into Rowz for them, the day of the Ides of October, which is the fifteenth day of the
ſame motierh, teading in his Triumph many priſoners taken in thoſe Wars : and among others, the
Generall of the VE1a Ns , a very ancient man, who fondly behaved himſelf in his charge, and
heed by his doings, that his experience was far fhort for his years in the Wars. And from thence
it romerh, when they offer to the gods to give thanks for his Victory , that even at this day , they
bring ro-the Capitoll through the Market-place, and old man apparelled in a Purple Robe , and with
a Jewell cailed\8«//x about his neck , which the Gentlemens young Children wear about their necks -
and an Herauld hard by him, crying, Who buyeth, who, the Saxpianians? becauſe
they hold ton the Thus CANES are come of the SARDIANIANS , and the very City of
- V=1xs itariderh \in the Countrey of Thus cane. This was the laſt War that Rows/«4 had of-
fered bim: after which he could not beware of that which is wont to happen almoſt to all thoſe,
| who by fudden proſperity and fortunes ſpeciall favour, are raiſed to high and great eſtate. For truſt-
Proſperity in- ing to proſperity and good ſucceſs of his a&ts., he began to be more _ and ſtately, and to car-
_ a _ ry a fowrer countenance then he was wont to do before : leaving to be atter his old manner, a cour-
anon" tcousandgricious Prince : and gave himſelf in faſhions to be ſomewhat like a Tyrant, both for his
Apparell, and ftately poxt and Majeſty that he carried. For he ware ever a Coat of Purple in grain ,
and upon that,/a long Robe of Purple colour : ' and gave audience , fitting in'a wide Chaire of
Celcres Romy Eftare z having ever about him young men called Celeres , as we would fay, flights, for their ſwiftneſs
Ins guard. © andipeedin exetuting of his Commandments, Other there were that went before him , who car-
ried az it were Tipſtaves in their hands, to make the- People give room , and had Leather Thongs
about their-middle to bind faſt ftreight , all che Prince ſhould command. Now in: old time the
LatoNs Taid; Ligare was to bind : but ar this preſent they ſay 4Uigare, from whence it co-
my ag "11.4 merhthiarthe Uſhers and Serjearus are called Zi&orex. Howbeir methinks it were more likely to ſay,
| they had pur to a c, and that before they were called Lirores , without a c. For they be the very
ſame which the GrEc1ans call Lirwrgos , and be in Engliſh , Miniſters or Officers : and at this
day ,, Leiros , or Leos in the Grttx Tongue ſignifieth the people, Romulus now after his
Grandfather N'uwitor was dead' at: the City of ALz4 , and that the Realm by inberiance fell to
him : xowinthe favour of the People there , turned the Kingdom to a Common-weal,, and every
Romilze con- YEar'did chuſe a new Magiſtrate, to minifter juſtice to the SA By Ns, This preſident taught the No-
verteth the blemen of \RonEt'ito ſeek and: defite ro have a-free Eſtate, where no Subje& ſhould be at the com-
Kingdom of © mandmentoba King alone, and where every man ſhould command and-obey as ſhogld be his courſe.
nc 2 .; Thoſexwhichwerecalled Patricians in ROME, didmeddle with-nothing , but had onely an honou-
<6 aaaeh rableNameand:Robe, and werecalled ro Councellrather for a faſhion , then to bave. their advice, or
7 counfetl; For- when-they were a together j they did onely hear the Kings pleaſure and com-
mandmenv/,; but-ehey might not ſpeak one word: ;-and fo departed : baving no other preeminence
over the-Coraniob-wealth', ſaving they were the firſt that did know what was done. All other things
thereby did griove: them lels.--/But-ywhen of his-own meer Authority , and as it were of himſelf, he
would as pleafed-him , beſtow the conquered Lands bf his Enemies to his Souldiers, and reſtore again to
the'V £14 xs their Hoſtages a3>he did : therein/plainly appeared , how great injury he, did to the Se-
nate, Whereupon' the Senators: were fuſpeRed/ afterward that they killed him, when within few
' Eaysafter twas ſaid, he vaniſhed away fo ſtrangely, that no man ever knew what became of him.
This
"_O_ 0, IR. 20'S 3-8 SS "MH?
FP oe - Yo. SY WW
ns CEC
___ROMOL us. 29
This was on the ſeventh day of the Moneth now called July » which then was named 2-.iatils , lea-
ving no manner of certainty elſc'of *his Yeath tliat' is known , ſave onely of the day and the time
—— ———
Romulus vans
when he vaniſhed , as we have ſaid before. For'on tharday the Rom a xs do at this preſent many thed away n
4 n s . \ I < ace awly nv
things, in remembrance of the misfortune which happened to themr* then, It is no marvell, the cer- man knew
rainty of his death wasnot know i : Scipio Africinns was found after ſupper dead in his houſe, baw.
and no man could tell, nor yet di& knoiv how he diced.” For ſome fay; that he tainted and died ſud- ** 17 * ©9y
denly , being of weak complexion.” Others a » he pe ed himſelf + others think his Enemies did ;. urns «4
ger ſecretly in the night into his houſe, af ſrriochered hior in- his bed; © Yer they" found his body laid tothe Romany,
onthe ground, that every body might ateifure confider;; if they cqukd find or conjeRure the man- The d-arh
ner of his dearh; *Howbeit Row# lx Vaniſhed” awiy ſuddenly , rhere-was neither ſeen piece of his *#7/” 11-4
Garments ;-not yer was there found-any- part of his body.” Therefor& {ome have thovght that the MR
whole Senators fell upon him, rogether-in the Feinple of. /x/tax , and howafter they had cut him in ons of Rata
pieces , every one carried away # piece of him , foldedrloſe in the skirt 'of his 'Rohe,, Other think death.
alfo, this vaniſhing away was not inthe remple of /#/rax, nor in the'preſence of the Senators only -
but they ſay that Roma/ws was at that time withourthe City * near the place called the Goats Marſh', |
where he made an Orationto the People , and that fuddenly the dreads changed', and overcaſt ſo
rerribly ,- as'it is not to be told nor credited; For' firft', the Sun was (darkned as if ithad been very
night : this darkneſs was not in a calm or ſtill , bir rhere- fell horxible rhunders , boyſterous winds,
and flaſhing lightnings on every fide, which made thepeopte runaway ,; and ſcatter here and there ,
bur che Senators kept ftill cloſe rogether. Afterwards when the lightning was paſt and gone , the day
cleared up , and the Element waxed fair as. before” :* then the people (gathered rogether again, and
ſought for the King, - asking what wss'become'of him.” Bur the 'Noblemen would not ſuffer them to
enquire any further after him , bur"counſelJed chem: ro honour and reverence him as one taken up into
Heaven : and that thenceforth in ſtead of a; good King , he would be unto them a mercifull and gra-
cious god. The meaner ſort of people” ( for the mott part of them ) took it welt , and were very
glad to hear thereof. and went their way worſhippitig Rom in their hearts , with good hope they
thould proſper by him. Howbeit ſome” ſeeking - 6ur the troth more eagerly , did cumber ſore and
troubled the PATR1ECTANS, accufing them ;, that" they *abuſed rhe common-People with vain and
fond perſwaſtons-, whilſt themſelves inthe mean time' had murdered the King with their own hands.
While things were thus in hurly burly”, fome ſry there'was one 7#l;j4 Proexlus the nobleſt of all the
PATRICIANS , eſteemed for a marvellous honeſt” man, ang” nown to have been very familiar
with-Romnlus, 'and came with him from the city of At.24 : that ſtepped forth before: all the Peo-
ple, and affirmed ( by the greateſt andholieſt Qaths a man might fwear ) that he had met Romalus FullusProculiy
onthe way , far greater and fairer, then he hadſeenhim ever before , and armed all in white Ar- met with Ro-
mour , ſhining, bright like fire : whereat being affraid-in that ſort ro fee him , he 2sked him yer : O/ 7744s atter his
King , why haſt thouthus left and forſaken us , that are ſo falſly accuſed and charged to our utter dif. panune _
credit and ſhame, by thy vaniſhing?” To whom 'Rom#lus gave this anfwer': Procx 1:4 , it hath pleaſed cle roProcutus,
the gods from whom I came, that I ſhould remain among men fo long as I did : and now having built
a City , which in glory and greatneſs of Empire ſhall be rhechiefeft of the World ,” that 1 ſhould re-
turn again to dwell with them,” as before , in Heaven, Therefore be of 'good comfort-, and tell the
ROMANS , that they exerciſing proweſs and remperancie ,- ſhall 'be the mightieſt and/greateſt People
of the World, As for me , tel} them Twill henceforth be theit god, protector, and patron, and they
ſhall call me Qwirinus. Theſe words ſeemed credible to theRomans , as wetl for the honeſty of the $97 cal ar
man that ſpake unto them , as for the ſolemn oathes he made before them all. - Yet*} wor not how, _, =
ſome Celeſtial Motion, or Divine Inſpiration helped it much : for no-manfaid a word againſt it. And god.
ſo all ſuſpicion and accuſation laid afide, every 'man- began to callupon Pairings , to: pray unto him,
and to worſhip him; - Truly this tale is much like the tales that the Gx'ec1a ns tell of- Arifeas the Ariſters aPro-
Proconnefian, and of Cle:medes the Afftypalzian. For they ſay , that Arifeas died.in a Fullers work- anagnne—"pr]
houſe, and his friends coming to carry away his body ,' it fell out they could not tell what became of — of.
it : and at that inftantthere were ſome which came out of the fields , and affirmed they met and ſpake ter he was
with him, and how he kept his way towardsthe City of CRotoNa. It is faid alſo thatC/e:medes dead.
was more then a man naturally ſtrong and great, and therewithall mad, and furious haſty. For after C!-o'les 4-
many deſperate parts he had plaid , he came at the laft on a day into a School-houſe full of little chil- / _ wal
dren, the roof whereof was born with one pillar, which he did hit with ſo terrible a blow of his fiſt, ly yp = mens
that he brake it in the midft, ſo as the whole roof fell and daſhed the poor children in pieces. The 6©ghr, being
people ran ſtraight after him to take him : but he threw himſelf forthwith into a Cheſt, and pulled the fait locked in
lid upon him, - He held it ſo faſt down, that many ftriving together all they could to open it,they were * ©
not able once to ſtir it. Whereupon they brake the Cheſt all in pieces , but they found the man nei-
ther quick nor dead. Whereat they were marvellouſly amazed , and ſent ro Apolls Pythi. , where
the Propheteſs anſwered them in this Verſe : |
| Cleomedes the laſt of demy gods,
The report goeth alſo that A /cwenes corpſe did vaniſh away, as they carried it to buriall, and how in 41cyener body
ſtead thereof they- found a ſtone laid in the beere. To conclude, men tell many other ſuch wonders, vaniſhed out
that are far from any appearance of truth : onely becauſe they would make men to be as gods, and 9f the >ere. |
equall with them in power. Ir is true, that asto reprove and deny Divine Power ,- it were a lewd and
wicked part : even ſo to compare Earth and Heaven togeyher, it were a meer folly. Therefore we
mult let ſuch Fables go , being moſt certain that, as Pi14+yws ſaith, it is true : :
D 3 Eac
| Each living Corps moſt yeeld at laſt to death,
And every life ninſt leeſs bis vigall math :
The ſoul eter- T ke ſoul of man , that onely lives .on bigg *, 1 |
nal. And 53 an 4mage of Fterngie. AV SILSTIONELU & | , {i115
For from Heaven it came, and thither againit doth return, .not-with the body..,.but then ſooneſt ,
when the ſoul is furtheſt off and ſeparated from the, body,and.har the is kept holy, and is no more
Heractions Cay- defiled with the fleſh. It is that the philoſopher Heracliz 6, meant, , when he ſaid-+ The dry light, is
ing of the ſoul, the beſt ſoul which flyeth out of the body , a5 lightning doth; our of the cloud : but;that which is-joy-
' ned with the body being full of corporal palions., 42 groſs vapour, dark and maſlie, and cannor
flame, ariſe or ſhoot out like lightning. | Ve muſt not beliexe therefore , thar the: Bodies of noble
and vertuous men, do go-up.together with, their fouls into Heaven, againſt the orger of nature.
Bur this we are certainly to helieve ,. that by the vertues of theirſguls ( according to Divine Nature
and Juſtice ) they do of men; become Saints,; and pf Saints, half Gods, and of half Gods , entire
and perfe& Gods : after that they are perfecly (as it were by Sacrifice of purgation ) made clean
'O and pure , being delivered from-all pain' and; Mortality, and not by any civil Ordinance, but in troth
Why Rents and reaſon , they receive a moſt happy andglorious end; ,Now rguching Romulus ſurname , which *
Reirians, afterwards was called ,2usrinws, ſome ſay , that it fgnifieth as mych as'Warlike : others think it was
ſo called becauſe the RO a ns themſelves were called 2»4rites. ; Others write, that men in old time
did call the point of a Spear , ar.che Dart it ſelf,,. Yuiri5 , by reaſon whereof the image of Zu+0 ſur-
named ©uiritides,, Was ſet up with an iron Spear, and the Spear: which was conſecrated in the Kings
Palace, wascalled ſars,: Furthermore it is an uſe. amongſt men , to. honour themiwith a Spear or
Dart, which: haye. ſhewed themſelves valiant inthe Wars : andthatfor this cauſe Romslxs was ſur-
named ,Qwirinus , as-who would fay , god of the Spears and Wars. There was finee built a Temple
The hill of yr him - in the Hill called Lairinus , and ſo named of him. 'The day whereon he yaniſhed, is cal-
addons N% led the flying of the people, or otherwiſe the Nones of the Goates, For on that day they go out of
fn” City to do Sacrifice in the place called the--Fenne, or the Goates Marſh , and the Roma xs call
a Goat, Capra. 'As they go thus rogether 2 they call with lowd ſhouts and cries, upon divers Ro-
MANS. Nam6s., 3s Maron, Cnews , and: Gaire.z,n. token of the Hying that was then : and they called
one another back again , as they ran.away ur great fear anddiſoxder. Howbeit other ſay , that it is
nat done to ſhew-the gufning away , but to hew theindpeed and diligence , and refer it to the Story,
Now after the GAuLEs that had taken gig pulſed by Camilns , the City was ſo weaken-
ed, that they could ſcant recqver their force. d firength again : wherefore many. of the Lat1Nes
The war of. -. joyning together , went with a reamighty Army , ynder the conduct of Livaw Peſthumins , to
the Latines. wr againſt the ROMANS.” This Poſthumix brought his Camp as, near the City of ROMs as he
Livius Poſtu- 1d, and ſent. to the ROMANs by; a Trumpet to let . them underſtand , how the La T1Ns were
mius Generall. 2 . fy rn
deſirous by new Marriages to reſtore their old acient amity and kindred that was neer hand decayed
' between them : and therefore if the Romans would ſend them a cofivenient number of their
Daughters and young Widows to marry with them ,. they would have peace, as they had before time
with the Sa ny Ns, upon the. like occaſion. The ROMans hereat were ſo troubled , thinking
that to deliver their Women in fſych ſort , was no þetter then to yeeld and ſubmitthemſelyes to their
Philotis await» Enemies. But as they were thus perplexed , a Waiting-made called Phbi/ots (or as Other call her, T'#-
ing maids ſud- 79/4 ) gave them counſell to do neither the one nor-the other , but toule a policy with them , by means
den device. * whereof they ſhould ſcape the age the Wars, and ſhould alfo not be tied nor to any
Pledge. The Device was , they ſhould ſend to: the Lat1Ns her, ſelf, and a cerjain number of
their faireſt Bond-maids, trimmed up like Gentlewqmen , and the beſt Citizens Daughters , and thar
inthe night ſhe would lift them up a burning Torch inthe air , at which fign they ſhould come ar-
+ med, and ſet upon'their Enemies as they lay aſleep, This was brought ro paſs : and the Lartins
thought yerily they had beenthe Roxa xs Daughters, Philorss failed not in rhe _— to lift up
her ſign, and to ſhew them a burning Torch in' the top of a wild Fig-tree: and did hang certain
Coverlets and Clothes behind it, that the Egemies might net ſee the light, and the Romans .con-
trariwiſe might diſcern it the better, Thereupon ſo ſoon as the Romans ſaw it, they ran with
all ſpeed ——_ one another by their names, and iſſued out of the Gates of the Ciry with great haſte :
and ſo took their Enemies upon a ſudden, and flew them. In memory of which ViRory , they do
yet ſolemnize the Feaſt called the Nones of the Goats , becauſe of the wild Fig-tree called in Latin
( aprificus. And they do feaſt the Women without the City , under ſhadowes made of the boughs of
Fig-trees. The Waiting-maids , they run up and down , and play here and there together, After-
wards they ſeem to fight , and throw ſtones one at another, as then they did when they holp the
ROMANS in their Fight. But few Writers do avow this Tale, becauſe it is on the day time that they
call ſo each other by their names , and that they go to the place which they call the Goats Marſh , as
unto a Sacrifice. It ſeemeth this agreeth better with the firſt Hiſtory when they call one another by
their names in' the night , going againſt the LaTiNs : unleſs peradventure theſe two things after
Romulus age many years happened upon one day. Furthermore, they fay Romw1us was taken out of the World ,
and reign. when he was four and fifty. years of age , and had-reigned eight and thirty years by accompt.
THE
ROMULUS _
THE. COMPARISON OF
THESEUS wil: ROMULUS.
I
e
s
IL
e
p.
Ee
re
n
0 f
h
as
ne
C-
—- Py 1 CRISS YL
le |
al- ; ===7x7 Hus have we declared all things of Theſe: and Romnlus worthy memo-
of 5 PS SS! ry. But to compare the one with the other : it appeareth firſt , that 7h--
all | 3.02 Yo /ezzs Of his own voluntary will , without compulſion of any ( when he
0- YESEL/C might with fafery have reigned in the City of TrOt2zt x, and ſucceeded _
led C M his Grandfather in no ſmalt Kingdom ) did defire of himſelf, and rather - Sawan -
[1 | > > foupht mieanes to aſpire to great things : and that Romnls on the other cox «.....-
ry. KIN FPERIEE A!| fide, to deliver himſelf from bondage and ſervitude that lay ſore upon Enterprics.
en- AAA ASS him, and to eſcape -the threatned puniſhment which till did hang over
'ES [LOW = BY his head , was certamly -compelled ( as Plato faith ) to ſhew himſelf Plato in Phe-
to - -+ hardy for fear : who ſeting how extreamly he was ike to be handled, 49nc.
5 he was of very force conſtrained ro feck adyantage- ,'and hazard the enterprize of attaining high and
ere preat- things, - Moreover the chirfeſt a& that ever he did , was, when he flew one onely Tyrant of the
yed City of Ax za calked Amalins :* where Theſe in his journey onely , as he travelled, gave his mind
heir ro grear enterpriſes ,, and ſlew $7iron, Scinns, Procraſtes, and Corynetes. And by ridding them out
me of the world, he delivered Gxzz c# of all thoſe cruell Tyrants, before any of thoſe knew him
mg whom he had delivered from them, Furthermore , he might have gone ro ATnzns by ſea, and
heir never needed ro have travelled ; or put himſelf in danger with theſe robbers , confidering he never
T u- received kurt by any ofthem ; whereas Romslws could not be in ſafety whileſt Amriics lived. Here-
eans pon it thay be altedged, rhat 7h2/2«a unproyoked by any private wrong or hurt received , did fer
any opon thefe deteftzble Thieves and Robbers : Remw and Ronulns contratiwiſe, fo long as the Ty-
r of rant did thermhoharm , did fuffer him to opprelsand —_ all other. And if they alledge , theſe
that were noble deeds, and worthy of memory : that Romulus was hurt fightmg againft the $a sy xs, and
ar- that he flew King Acy0# with his own hands , and thathe had overcome and (ubdued many of his Ene-
INS mies : then for Theſes on the other fide may be objeed , the Bartell of rhe Ct: xr aun , the Wars
| up of the Amazons, the Tribute due to the king of CrtT a : and how he ventured ro go himleli
tain thither with the young Boyes and Wenches of ATHzxs , as willingly offering himſelf to be devou-
cOn- red by a cruell beaft, or elſeto be ſlam , and ſacrificed upon rhe Tombe of Ax4r:92 , or to be-
with come Bond-ſlave, and tied in Capriviry to the vile Service of cruell men and Enemies , if by his cou-
iſte : rage and manhood he could not deliver himſetf. This was fuch an act of Magnanimity , Juſtice
do and Glory , and briefly of ſo great Yertue, that it is impoſſible rruly to beſet our. Surely me thinks
atun the Philoſophers did nor ill define Love , when they ſaid ſhe was a Servitour of the gods, to fave 7 oye the Wit
hs of young folks , whom they thought meet to be preſerved; For, the love of Ariadne was in mine opi- nitter cf the
frer- nion the work of ſome god, and a mean purpoſely prepared for Theſes ſafety. Therefore the $94:
p the woman isnot to be reproached nor blamed for the love ſhe bare The/exs , but rather it is much to
they be wondred at, chat every man and woman in likewiſe did not love him. And if of her ſelf ſhe tell
, as in love with hin, T ſay ( and nor without cauſe) ſhe afterwards deſerved to bebeloved of a god , as
r by one that of her own Nate loved Valiantneſſe and Honour , and entertained men of {ingular va-
after lue, But both Theſeus and Romalus being naturally given to rule and reign , neither the one nor
xd , the other kept the true form of a King, bur both of them did degenerate alike , the one changing
himſelf mto a populat man , the other ro a very Tyrant. So that Þ ſundry humours , they both
fell into one tuiſthief and errour. For a Prince above all things muſt keep his Eſtate : which is no 71. pr of
lefſe preferved by doing nothing uncomely , then by doing all things honourably. But he that a Prince.
"HE is more ſevete ot retnifs then he ſhould be, remainerh now no more a King or a 'rince , but be-
commeth a People-pleaſer , or a cruell ryram: and ſo cauſerh his Subjects to deſpiſe or hate _
D 4 et
——_——__— —
2 _THESEVS & ROMULVS.
Yet me thinks the one is an errour of too much pity and baſeneſs, and the other, of too much pride
and cruelty. But if we may not charge Fortune with all miſchances happening unto men, but that we
ought to conſider in them the diverſities of manners and paſſions , ſeeing anger is unreaſonable, and
wrath raſh and paſſionate : then can wernot cleer the one, nor excuſe the other of extreme rage and
paſſion, in the fat committed by one againſt his Brother , and by the other againſt his naturall Son.
Howbeit the occaſion and beginning of anger doth much excuſe Theſens , who movgd with the great-
eſt cauſe that might be, was put into ſuch choler und paſſion. But if Rowslas variance, with his Bro-
ther had proceeded of any matter-ofcounſell , or cauſe of the Commonweal ; there is,.none fo ſimple
to think,” that his wiſdom would ſo ſuddenly have fet upon him--Whereas' 7heezs in contrary
mannex killed his Son , provoked by thoſe pailions that few men.can avoid , to'wit, loye., jealouſie,
and falſe report of his Wife. Moreover Remulus anger went tothe effect , whereof the ifſue fell our
very lamentable : Theſes anger ſtretched no further rhen to rough words and old” fotkes curſes in
their heat : For it ſeemeth, curſed Fortune, and. nought elſe was the cauſe of his Sons only miſhap, as
fore-ſpoken and wiſhed for ſomewhat by his Father. "Theſe be the ſpeciall rhings may be alledged for
Theſens. But for Romalxs this was a notable thing in, him : Firſt, His beginning being-very low and
mean, and his Brother and he taken for bondmen, and the Children of Hogheards , before: they were
Wherein Ro- themſelves all free , they ſet at liberty in manner all the LaT1ns, winning at one inftant many Ti-
mulus was to tles of glory and honour : as, Deſtroyers of their Enemies , Defenders of their Parents, Kings of
m_—_— ©>d Nations , Founders of new Cities., and no overthroyers of the old : whereas Thefews of many habi-
ore Theſeus * . , 7 Ms hs Yo 4p
tations and houſes made onely one, and did overthrow and pluck: down divers $races., bearing the
Names of ancient Kings , Princes, and half-gods of ATT1ca, Alltheſe alſo did Ropw/wz afterward,
and compelled his Enemies whom he had overcome , to deſtroy their own houſes 52nd to come and
dwell with their Conquerours : And in the beginning , he never changed nor increaſed any City that
was built before , but built himſelf a new city out of the ground , getting all together, Land, Coun-
trey , Kingdom , Kindred and Marriages, without loſing or killing any,man - and:to.the contrary ,
rather he did good to many poor vagabonds, who had neither Countrey , Land. nor houſes \, and
deſired nothing elſe but to make a People amongſt them , and to become Cirizens of ſome City. Alſo
Romulus bent not himſelf to follow Theeves and Robbers , but ſubdued by force ofrarines many
mighty and puifſant people : he took Cities , and triumphed oyer Kings and Princes which he had
vanquiſhed in battell. And touching the murder. of Remas , it is not certainly known of whoſe hands
Romulus love he died : the: moſt part of Authors do charge other with the death of him. But' it is certain that
to bis kin. - R:mnls delivered his Mother from apparent death, and reſtored his Grandfather to the royall
Throne of -/£ nas, who before was depoſed and brought from a King toſervile obedience, without
: any regard of honour or dignity ; to whom he did many more great pleaſures and ſervices : Beſides
TheſeusdeteR- he never offended him willingly , no not, ſo much: as ignoramly. Contrary I think Thefexs , who
6d for oblivion £,;ling by negligence to put out his white ſaile at his return, cannot. be cleared: of parricide , how
eloquent an Oration ſoever could be made for his excuſe , yea though it were before the moſt fa-
yourable judges that could be. Wherefore an ATHENnian very well perceiving that it was an hard
thing ro excuſe and defend ſofoul a fault, doth feign that the good old man e/£gcas having news
brought him that his Sons Ship was at hand, did- pun in ſo great haſte to his Caltle;ro ſee his Son
arrive afar off ,that as he ran , his foot hit againſt ſomething and overthrew him : as though he had
none of his people about him , or that never a man _ him run ſo haſtily to the ſea ſide, did make
h
Theſeus dete- bafte to attend and wait upon him. Furthermore , T heſexs faults touching Women and Raviſh-
Red for his ra- ments , of the twain , had the lefſe ſhadow and colour of nonery ; Becauſe Theſews did” attempt it
viſhments of yery often : for he ſtole away Ariadne , Antiope, and Angxo-the TRozzENIAN. Again, being
TEES ſtepped inyears, and at later age, and paſt marriage , he ſtole away Hellex in her minority , being
nothing neer to conſent to marry. Then his taking of the Daughters of the Trot zEn1Aans, of
the LacED&AMONIANS , and the AMAzoNs ( neither contracted to him, nor comparable to
the birth and linage ofhis own Countrey which were at ATHENS, and deſcended of the Noble race
Romulus ra- and progeny of Erifthens, and of Cecreps ) did give inen occafion to ſuſpect that his womaniſhneſs
viſhment of + was rather to fatisfie luſt, then of any great love. Romwsnlue now in a- contrary manner , when his
women ex- people had taken eight hundred or thereabouts., of the Sa »1Nz Women to raviſh them, kept bur
culed. onely one for himſelf that was called Herfilia , as they ſay , and delivered the reſt to his beſt and moſt
honeſt Citizens, Afterwards by the honour , love and entertainment chat he cauſed them to have and
receive of their Husbands, he changed this violent force of raviſhment, into a moſt perfet bond and
league of amity : which did ſo knit and joyn in one theſe two Nations, that it was the bac. ea of
the great mutuall love which grew afterwards betwixt thoſe two Peoples, and conſequently of the
joining of their powers together. Furthermore; time hath given a good teſtimony ot the love, re-
verence , conſtancy , kindneſs , and all matrimonall offices that he eftabliſhed by that means berwixr
No divorce Man and Wife : For in two hundred and thirty years afterwards, there was never Man that durft
made in Rome forſake or put away his Wife, nor the Wike her Husband, And as among the Grecians, the
tor 230 years beſt [earned men , and moſt curious obſervers of Antiquities , do know his Name that was the firſt
ſ;a-e. ” aler. murderer of his Father and Mother : even ſo all the Roma ns knew what he was, which firſt durſt
—_ at ny away his Wife : It was one Spsrivs Carvilins, becauſe his Wife was barren and had no Children.
put away in e effects alſo do agree with the teſtimony of the time : For the Realm was common unto the Kings
Rome, of both Nations , and through the alliance of theſe Marriages that began firſt of Raviſhments, both
Nations lived peaceably , and in equality , undex one civill policy , and'yell governgd —_—_
e
by LYCURGVUS.
The ATHENIANS contrariwife, by Theſeus Marriages,did get neither love nor Kindred of any one Theſes marri-
perſon , but rather they procured wars , enmities, and the ſlaughter of their Citizens, with the loſs 8<5 cauſe of
in the end of the City of ApH1Dwes : and yer very hardly, and by the mercy-of their enemies | and troy-
( whom they honeured as gods ) they eſcaped for him , the danger which the Tz01a xs ſuffered bles.
afterwards, for the ſelf a& done by Alexander Paris. $0 it fell out at the laft, that his Mother was
not only in wy 5 , bur even feelingly ſuffered like miſery and captivity , which Hecuba did after-
wards, when ſhe was forſaken of her Son : unleſs peradventure thoſe things that they write of the
impriſonment and captivity of «/£1hya, be found falſe and but fables , as for the fame and memory of
T heſeus were behoveful,that both it and many other things alſo,were of no more troth nor likelihood.
That which they write of Rowslus divinements, maketh great difference between him and T he ſexs. Romulus more
For Rownlss inhis birth was preferved by the marvellous favour of the gods : Theſews to the contrary _ eptable to
was begotten againſt the gods will, as appeared plainly by the anſwer of the Oracle ro e/£gens, that & ny m_
he ſhould not meddle with ary Woman ina ftrange and forreign Countrey. *
=—y
THE LIFE OF
L YCu R GU 58S.
Ant. Chriſt.
11 00 W "=o. 902.
Man. canppt ſpeak any thing at all of Zyc#rg#s , who made the Lawes
of the La c:xDdaMoNniaNs, but he hall find great contrariety of
him amongſt the Hiſtoriographers. . For of his Parentage and travell
out of his Countrey , of his Death and making of Laws, of his form
W of Government ind order of executing the Rin , they' have written
$1, diverily, . And yet above all things , concerning him, they agree worſt
Cy about the time he. lived in: For ſome of them (and Ariftor/e is of thar
dl nuniber )' will needs have him to have been in the time of 7phyrw, and
| | = that he did help him to Rabliſh che Ordinance , that all Wars ſhould
| _— ceaſe during the Feaſt of the games Owe; for a teſtimony whereof,
they alledge, the Copper coyt which was uſed tobe thrown in thoſe games, and had found graven
upon it, the. Name: of L curgus, Orhers counting the days and time ihe fucceſfiori of the Kings of
LackDAnoN (a £ <Mar 1902 and Apelodorms ) { » he was. maby, yeares before the firſt Olym-
piad, T5mew allo thinketh there were two of this Name , md $ bers ries. howbeit the one ha- mand
ving more. eſtimation then the other , mien gave this Lycurgw the glory of both their doings. Some 1,7 þ a> nn
ſay the eldeſt of thegwain was, not long after Homes : me write dey aw him. X##ophonſhew- ,,,,
eth us plainely he was of great antiquity : ſay k was, in the time of the Heraclider, who were
neareſt of bloud by deſcent to Hks. For TY y Xenophon tneam not thoſe —_ _—_
c
3
LYCURGVUS.
Of the Hers- deſcended from Hercales ſelf : for the laſt kings of Spar TA were of. Herewles progeny, as well as
clidcs.
Pauſaniss.
Diodorus,
and Clemens
Strom, lib.1.
L ycurgus
kindred,
A ſubtle pro-
mile.
Prodicos, Re-
gents, or Pro-
teftors of
young Kings
in minority.
*
« ®
4A ww.
LEY
"F
the'firſt. Therefore he meaneth thoſe Herac/ides , which doubtleſs were the firſt and neareſt before
He#enles time. - Nevertheleſs though the Hiſtoriegraphers have written diverſly of bim , yer we will
not leave to-colle& -that- which - we find written of him in ancient Hiſtories , and is leaſt to be
denied , and by beſt teſtimonies moſt to be proved. And firſt of all, che Poet Simonides faith , his
Farher was called Py ani and not Exnomus : and the moſt part do write the Pedigree otherwiſe , as
well of Lycurgas ſelf, as of Exnomws. For they ſay , that Patrocles the Son of Aniftodemus begat
Sous , and Sous begat Enrytion, and. Em tion begat' Pryrans , and | Prytanis begat Enmnomm,and
Emnomns begat Polydeftes of his firſt Wife, and: Lycargu of the ſecond Wife , called Dianaſſa: yer
Entlycidas another Writer, maketh Lycwrgas the fixt of deſcent in the right line from Polydeftes,and
the eleventh after Hercules. But ofall hisanceſtors/; the Nobleſt was Soxs, in whoſe time the, City of
SyaRTA ſubdued the 1:0T Es, made them (laves, | and'did enlarge and increaſe their Dominion,
with the Lands and Poſſeſſions they had got by Conqueſt of the Axcapians. And it is ſaid thar
Sons himſelf being on a time ſtraitly beſieged by the C1.1ToRIANS , ina hard dry ground , where
no water could be tound , offered them thereupon to reſtore all their Lands again that he had gotten
from them, if he and all his company did drink of a fountain that was there not far off, The
CLitOR1aNS did grant unto it, and Peace was alſo ſworn between them, Then he called all
his Souldiers before him , and told them, if there were any one amongſt them that would refrain from
drinking , he would reſign his Kingdom to him : howbeit there was not one in all his company that
could ( or would ) forbear'to drink ; 'they were ſo - ſore athirſt. So they all drank heartily except
himſelf , who being the laſt that came down, did no more but alittle ney his mouth without , and
ſo refreſhed himſelf, the enemies ſelyes ftanding by;-and drank not a drop. By reaſon whereof ,
he refuſed afterwards to reſtore their Lands he bad) promiſed , alledging they had not all drunk. Bur
that notwithſtanding , he was greatly eſteemed foghis as , and yet his houſe was not named after
his own Name ; but -after his Sons Name Emxy:y64 4 they of his houſe were called £»+7: jonider.
The reaſon was, becauſe his Son ,Eryrion, to pleaſe the people z did- firſt let fall and give over the
ſole and abſolute power of a King, Whereupon- there followed afterwards marvellous diſorder and
diſſolution , which continued a great time in the Cny of SyanT 4. For the people finding them-
ſelves ar liberty, became very boldagd diſobedient : and ſome of the Kings that ſucceeded, were ha-
ted even to death , becauſe rheyi would perforce uſe their ancient authority over the people. Other,
Either ro win the loye and good-wils'of the people , or becauſe they ſaw they were not ftrong enoygh
to rule them , did give themſelves to difſemble. And this did ſo much increaſe the es looſe and
rebellious minds , that - Lyc#rgus own Father being King , was ſlain among them, one day, as
he was parting a fray between two that were fighting, he had ſuch a wound with a kitchin-knife, that
he died , and”left- his Realm to his eldeſt Son PolydeFes , who died alſo ſoon after, and wichour
Heir of his body ,” as-was ſuppoſed. Inſomuch as every man thought Zycrgus ſhould be King : and
ſo:he rook it upon him. , untill it was underftood- that - his Brothers Wite was young with Child.
Which thing ſo ſoon as he perceived , he publiſhed openly , that the Realm lenge the Child
that ſhould be born, if it were a Son. - After this-he governed the Realm , but as. the, Kings Lieu-
tenant and Regent... The LaczpamONn1ans call the Regents of their Kings that-are letr within
age, Prodicos, Lycurgme Brothers, Widow did ſend, and-let him ſecretly unde , that if he would /
promiſe to marry her when he ſhould be King thitifhe would come before her rime , and either miſ-
carry or deſtroy that ſhe went with: - Lycurgu aetfably abborring this brutiſh and ſavage unna-
nn} of the woman , did not reje&her offer*niad@ but ſeemed rather to be very glad , then
ro diſlike of it, Nevergheleſs he ſent her word again , ſhe ſhould not need to try maſteries, with
drinks and medicinesto make her come before her time ; for in ſo doing , ſhe might bring her ſelf
in danger , and be caft away for ever. Howbeit he adviſed her to go her full time , and to be brought
abed in good"order, and then he would find means enough to make away the Child that ſhould
be born, And'ſo with ſuch perſwafions he drew on this woman to her full time of deliyery. But ſo
Joon gs he perceiv
zur ; ComMan
f
. - : "
ice
of opoly
re th will
_governn
4 in is ”
much.impai
[4
» we
.
8
-
LYCURGVUS. =
thing though Zycarg never meant , yet of a ſubtil and crafty wit , Leonidas thought by giving out
ſuch words , that if the young King happened ro die in his minority naturally , it would be miftruſted
that Lycurgue had ſecretly made him away. The Kings Mother alfo gave out ſuch like ſpeeches,
which in the end did ſo trouble him , with the fear he had , what event might fall out thereof that
he determined to depart his Countrey , and by his abſence to avoid the ſuſpition that therein might
grow upon him any way. 50 he travelled abroad in the world as a ſtranger, untill his Nephew had ©/©72% tra-
begotten a Son who was to ſucceed him in his Ki m. He having with this determination taken voy Count-
his journey , went firſt of all into CRzTA , where he diligently obſerved and conſidered the manner
of their living , the order of the government of their Commonweal , and ever kept company with
the beſt, and ever was conferring with the moſt Learned, There he found very good Laws in his
yidgement , which he noted of purpoſe to carry home to his Countrey , to ſerve waen time ſhould
come. He found there other Laws alſo , but of them he made no reckoning, Now there was one
man that above the reſt was reputed wiſe and skilful} im matters of State and Government , who was
called Thales ; with whom Ly-wrgs did ſo much by intreaty , and for familiar friendſhip, that he
perſwaded bim to go with him unto SPARTA. This T hates was called the Poet Harper, whereupon T94/cs 2 Pur:
he had that Title and Name , but in effect he ang all that the beſt and fufficienteſt Governours ot the **?**:
world could deviſe : for all his Songs were goodly Ditties , whezein he did exhort and perſwade the
people to live under obedience of the Law , in peace and concord one with the other. His words were
{et out with ſuch tunes, countenance and accents , that were ſo full of ſweetneſs , harmony and pier-
cing , that inwardly it melted mens hearts, and drew the hearers of a love to like the moſt honeft
things, and to leave all hatred, enmity , ſedition and diviſion , which at that time raigned among them.
So as it may be faid , he it was that prepared the way for gag » Whereby he afterwards retormed
and brought the La cxn&mqNIANS unto reaſon, At his departing out of CrETa , he went :
into AS14, with intent ( as it is faid ) to compare the manner of life and policy of thoſe of Cx x. 4% is
TA ( being then'very yahoo ) with the ſuperfluities and vanities of 10Nn14a : and Journey intv
thereupon to conſider the di berween their two manners and goverriments, as the Phyſitian *
doth , who to know the whole and/healthfull the better , doth uſe to compare them with the fick and
diſeaſed. - Ir is very likely it was there, where he firft ſaw Homeys'Works , in the bands of the heirs
and ſucceſſours of 'Cliophil«s : and finding inthe ſame, as well many rules of policy, as the great plea-
ſure of Poersfaining , he diligently copicd it out , and madea volume thereof to carry into Gaz zcE.
It is true , there was much fame abroad of Hoewers pocſies among the Gr tc1ans, howbeit there The praiſe of
were few of them brought togerher\, bur were ſcattered here and there in divers mens hands, in pam. Homers works:
phlers and pieces unſewed and withour any order : but -the firft that brought them moſt to light a- O_ Poems
| , | . - l own to the
mong men,was Lycurgmus, The £6 y PTIA Ns ſay, that be was in their countrey alſo,and that having ,..um;
fond there vite natable Ordinance among other , that their ſouldiersand men of war were ſepars- b-oughe to
ted from the reſt of the people ; tie brought the'praRtiſe of it imo-SpART a : where ſetting the Mer- light by Ly-
chants, Artificers-and -every one apart by themſelves , he did eftabliſh a noble Common. 7g
wealth. So'the £6yyrran Hiſtoriographers ,” and ſome others ao of Gxzz<t do write, He
was alfo in''Atrter, and in Spain , and as far as InD1a -, to: confer with the wiſe men
there, that 'wete- called the Philoſophers of InD14, I know no man that hath written it, ſaving
Arittocrates , that was Hipparelna fon, The LaczDamOnians wiſhed for- him often when
he was gone , aridſent divers and many a timeto call himhome : who thought their-Kings had but
the honour and title. of Kings , 'and not the yerwue or majeſty of a Prince , whereby they did excel
the common- people. But as for Zyewrgw , they thought of him thus i that he was a man bornto
rule, to command ,' and to give order, as baving in him a certainnaturall grace and pawer , to draw
-Taen willingly ro/ obey/ him, ' Moreover the Kings themſelves 'were not upwilling to have him ro
return; hothe*,” þ _ ped that his preſence would ſomewhat bridle and reſtrain the
people from'their inſolenicy #nd diſobedience toward them, Whereupon Lycargns revurning home in a re-
this opiniofrand affection of tnen ; it fell out that he 'was no ſooner arrived , but he began to deviſe - wn ow
how 10 alter the*whole government” of the Commonmeal , and .chroughout to change the whole {5
courſe and order of the State: thinking that t6 make only certain particular Laws were to no pur- wealth. |
poſe, bur much like , as one ſhould give ſome eafie: medicine , to purge an overthrown body with
all humours and diſeaſes. Therefore he.thoughr-firft -rhat all groſs and ſuperfluous humours were
meet to be diſſolved and purged; and then afterwards to give them anew form and order of govern-
ment, When he had thus determined with himſelf, before he would -take in hand to do any thing , £-7g*5coun-
he went tothe Ciry of Ds LK6S* where after be had facrificed ro Apollo , he conſulted with him a- (©1*5 With |
bout his matters, From whom he returned with his glorious title by the Oracle of Pythia : O beloved Apollo at
of the gods, and rather god' then man. Wherewhen he craved grace of Apollo to eſtabliſh good Delphos,
Laws in his Countrey , it was anſwered him : thar Xpollo granted his petition , and that he ſhould
ordain the beſt and perfe&teft manner of a'Commenwealth , thar ever had or ſhould be in the world.
This'ank him very much, and ſo-he began to break hip purpoſe to certain of the chief
of the Ciry nd (ecretly'to pray and exhort thertvro help him , | going firſt to thoſehe knew to be his
friends , et « e 2nd lictlehe wan to/him , joined with him in his enterpriſe,
50 when he fi efit for'the macter;he cauſed thirty of the chiefeſt men of the City in a morning
t0'come into the n place welF appointed and furniſhed , to ſupprels thoſe that would attempt to
Hinder their pitpoſe.” Heymippys the Hiſtoriographer- rehearſeth twenty of the chiefeft : bur he that
above all omhery did moſt him in his doings, and was the greateſt aid unto the ſtabliſhing of his
Laws,
36
LYCURGUS.
ord — _—
Chalceacos
Funo's braſen
Temole,
Lycurgus infti-
tuteth a
Senate of the
Lacedemonians
Plar.de leg.z.
28 was the
number of the
Senators.
Retra of Ly-
CUTgues.
Lycurgus now:having thustempered-the form-of is common-weal ,; jr; ſeemed
The Inftiru-
tion of the
Ephores.
. her) anger ſaid! : How through his negligence be-woulg. leayc. leſs x0; his,
Laws,was called Arithmiades The King Charilaws hearing of this aſſembly did fear there had been ſome
conſpiracy or inſurre&ion againſt his perſon , and for his ſafety he fled into the temple of Juno , and
{halceecos,, . as much to ſay , as 7-n0s braſen Temple. Howbeir afterwards when he knew the troth ,
he waxed bold and came out of the Temple again,and| he himſelf favoured the enterpriſe, being a Prince
of a noble mind , howbeit very ſoft by nature, as witnefſeth 4rchilaws ( that was then the other King
of LactD&mON) by. telling how Charilaus anſwered one that praiſed him to his face, in ſaying he
was a good man. And how ſhould I not ( quoth he ) be good, when I cannot beevill tothe evill ? In
this change of the Rate , many things were altered by Zycwrg ws, bur this chiefeſt alteration was, his
Law of the erection of a Senate , which he made to have a regal power and equall anthority with che
Kings in matters of weight and importance,and was (as Plato ſaith) to be the healrhfull counterpoiſe of
the whole body of the, Commonweal. The other State before was ever wavering, ſometime incli-
ning to tyranny, when the Kings were too mighty : and ſometime to confuſion, when the people would
uſurp authority. Lycarg therefore placed between the Kings and the people, a Councill of Sena-
tors , which was as a ſtrong beam, that held both theſe extremes in an eyen balanee , and gave ſure
footing and ground to either part to make ftrong the ſtate of the Commonweal. For the 28 Sena-
tors ( which made the whole _ of the Senate ) - took ſometime the Kings part, when it was needfull
to pull down the fury of the people : and contrarily , they held ſometimes with the. people againſt the
Kings , to bridle their ryrannicall government. Ariſtorle faith, he ordained the number ot Senators
to be but eight and twenty , becauſe rwo of thirty that joyned with him as afore, did for fear forſake
him at his enterpriſe. Howbeit Spherms writeth, that from the beginning , he never purpoſed ro have
more then eight and twenty to be the Senate, And perhaps he grear. regard ro make it a perfe&t
number , conſidering it is compounded of the number. of ſeveri, n ltiplyed by four ; and is the firſt
perfe& number next to fix being equall to all parts gathered together, Bur as for me, my opinion is,
he choſe this number rather'then any.other , becauſe he meant the whole body of rhe Councill ſhould
be but thirty perſons, adding to that number, the'two Kings. | Lyc»rgws took ſo.great care to efta-
bliſh wellthis Councell,that he brought an Oracle for'-it ; from Apoltos Temple 'in,. Dir pros, This
Oracle is called.unto thisday. Retr, as who would ſay;the Statute-Oxacle : whereof the anſwer was ;
and to Adnerva, the Sylanias, and divi-
counſell in, or
on vain
-
a great hall, then of che fair embowed or vawted
ught;, and ſumpruouſl |
aſfembled in co
:, -
I
is
blot
1 %bed off oil
| 16. 411.9) 9tlt 011 4
997 110H , ero08Kiii
/{11k't bis 2h 42 413 10
YI I ?1rf
ſe their, pronces; wolh i139 bas tiag 4 nigh 1c
thoſe that came afterhim , that this ſmall nundber, af-chirry ' perſons ,that made the Senate ,
r00-mighty., and of roo great amthoriry. Vheneſoxe to bridlethem.in/a hi
7laro faith ). abit in their mouths, and.thar-wasthe Ephores,.whi fie. 4s,
and were exected about a hundred. and thirty! years /afjer, the death, of -Lycrgw. lhe firf
was choſen of theſe , -was Elatms, and it was intherime of King Theopowpar , whole wi waly Lay bo
ſuceeſſors., zhen had
#
.
received
BT RHMH MF 6 1 hy www > nn 0 ww 1 7 1 Rs RAYS & wry ww oP
_
FP:
ERESR<ES
5 "Bn Fo
' SR
LYCURQG DS.
7_
and the praiſes
a Law. of the div
into; thirty, thoul:
»/
t
V
taker
W
away, hi ÞxPCure,
fir to; poſlels, nor
Coig, they
he wk
&
L Yeurgus wH-
dom,
rey of
Laconia , divi-
dedinto 39000
What Barley
every part did
y yield.
lictleto vaniſh'away, and laſtly; to fall off from themſelves : when the moſt rich men have no more
occaſion then the 'pooreft, and having no mean 'to ſhew her ſelf openly in the' world, was fain to
remain ſhur at home idly, as not able ro do her Maſter any ſervice. Thereupon -moveables and
houthold ſtuff (which a man cannot be without, and muſt be daily occupied) as bedfteds, rables,chairs;
and ſuch like 'necefſaries for a houſe, were excellently well made ; and men ray praiſe the fa-
, ſhion of the Lxt@ x14 x Cup which they called Cothon, and eſpetially for z Souldier in the wars,
—_ Lind of 35 CritiarWaswont to ſay. For it was made after ſuch a faſhion, /thar the colour of it did ler the eye
cup of the La- to diſcernthefoul' and unwhotHom water , which men are driven oft times to drinkin a Camp, and
cedzxmonian goeth many- times againſt ones ſtomach to fee it : and if by chance there was any filth'or mud inthe
Souldiers. bottom, it would cleave and tick faſt upon the ribs of the belly, and nothing came through the neck
but clear water to his mouth that drank ir. | The reformer of their State was the cauſe of all this;
mg about the making of their
perfluity ad deliciouſneſs, and to root out
Atty Z
Alcanderſtruck
out Lycurgus
eye.
res
nhim,” and ttiatle his, oth
ne y his own fault,”
y. - When he: kad
feel and raſttof
Reed, tar wp
might be.” 'See I pra) | etl
mid ti ſhould kejerecved' for ofa fierce,
Andria and ; - :
Phidiria,meals Iſtrained to'catry' ſtaves in any y 0n'r
why ſo called, Whieh-the CRETANS call eAndria, and the Laczpanonians Phidiria, either becau
were
hn Þ# La 4A ae a.” A - *
T5 IT & RL” FX i wa T
LYCURGVUS.
were places wherein they learned to. live ſoberly and ſtraightly, (for in, the Gxezx Tongue Phids
is to ſave and ſpare) or elle becauſe their amity and friendſhip grew there towards one another, as if
they would havecalled them Ph:l:ria, Feaſts of Love,by changing D, into L. It may bealſo they added
the firſt Letter as ſuperfluous, and meant to call the places £4itia, becauſe they did eat and drink
there ; i hey fate in their Halls by fifteen in a company, little more or leſs, and at the beginning of e-
very moneth, every one brought a buſhel of Meal, eight gallons of Wine, five pound of Cheele, and
two pound and a half of Figs for a Man, beſides ſome lutle portion ,of their Money to buy certain
freſh Cates. And over and aboye all this, every man when he did (acrifice in his houſe was bound to
ſend the beſt and chiefeſt things of his Sacrifice to the Halls to be eaten. Likewiſe if any man went on
hunting,and killed any Veniſon,it was an order, he ſhould ſend a piece of the fleſh thither. Having theſe
two lawfull cauſes, rhey might eat and drink by themſelves, at home, either when they ſacrificed any
beaſt tothe gods, or when they came late home from hunting : otherwiſe they were bound of neceſlicy
to meet in their Halls at meals, if they would eat any thing. . This order they kept very Rraightly a
great time : in ſo much as King Ag ona day, returning from the wars, where he had overthrown the
ATHENIANS, and being delirous to ſup at home privately with the Queen his Wife, he ſent to the
Halls for his portion.Bur the Polemarchz,that be certain Officers aſliſting the King in the wars, did de-
ny him, The next day Ag left off for ſpite,to do the accuſtomed Sacrifice they were wont to celebrate
in the end of every war : whereupon they ſet a fine on his nead, and condemned him to pay it. The
young Children alſo went to theſe repaſts, even as they ſhould go to Schools to learn Gravity and
Temperance, where they heard wiſe and grave diſcourſes ronching the government ofa Commonmweal,
but not of Maſters that were as hirelings. There they learned pretnily co play upon Words, and plea-
ſantly ro ſport one with another, without any broad ſpeeches or uncomely jeſts ; and at other hands to
bear the ſame again , withour choler or anger. For this property have the Laczpamonians
above all other, torake and give a mock without any offence z nevertheleſs if any mans nature could
not bear it, he needed bur pray the party to forbear his jeſting, and ſo he left it ſtraight, And it was
ever an ordinary thing among them, that the eldeſt of the company told the reft that were come into
the Hall to meal, with ſhewing them of the door :, Sirs, remember, there goeth not a word here out
of this door, Even ſo he that would be received to meal there in their company, muſt firſt of neceſ-
ſity be allowed and received in this ſort, by all the reſt., Every one of them took a little ball of bran or
dow to waſh their hands with, and without ever a word ſpeaking, they threw it into a baſin, which the
ſervant that waited on them at the, table did upon his head :. he that was contented the other
ſhould be received in company, did caſt in his ball as he did receive it , but if he miſliked him, then he
preſſed it flat berween his fingers, and threw itin, This ball of bran thus preſſed flat, was as much
as a Bean bored through, and was to them a ſign of condemnation, If any one ball were found
of this ſorr, the. ſuiter was rejected ; for they ,would nor have any enter into their company that
was not liked of all the reſt. He that was thug rejected, they lay he was diſcarded for the baſin
wherein the little balls were carried, was called Caddos. The be
out yt light
they ſhould accuſtom. themſelyes
This was the order and manner 9
ahh
3 up and, inſtructed, One of his Ordinances therefore
ainſt ſu-
or {imple witty
dered coverlets ,
E 3 NOF
Children were
brought to
theſe meals.
The property
of a Lacedemg-
nan,
The order of
receiving any
man into their
— at
meals,
Lycurguewould
not have his
Retra for ex-
ceſs or riot,
Epaminondae
laying.
LYCURGUS
nor fink otter like volly farkicars ahd finenefs; as thoſe thi to wait upon then; berauſk
the beds thoft be anſwerable to the ftreaneſs of the houſe, the | toe wept the beds riuft be ſutelike
6 the ſaihe, nil all othet houſhold-ftuff, dier, mearand drink ble to the teſt. Heteof pro-
King Leontychi- ceeded that, which” Leorrbidas the firſt Kin of chat Name, taid once : who ſupping ona time it
as laying. rhe Ciry of COktn th, Ta ſeeing the roof of the Hall whete he fate, ſumpruotſly emabowed atid
carved, tie atked Ritdight if the Trees did grow carved ſo in that Countrey. The third Law was, he did
Retrefor Wars © 1:4 thefh tb thake war ofreh with one enemy, left the enemy forced to rake” often atms in hand;
itt the <> grow experter "and valianter chen they. For this cauſe King Ageſilaus was greatly
blanied who wis a long ine after : For by ma wars with the Countrey of Bozo t14,
he matle the Tuzzans in the end as expeft Highs Souldiers as the LaczDaMOnians.
Antalcides Whetev eAtrtalcidas ſeei hich turt one day, faid unto him: The Tazz4ans have nobly re-
ſaying. mites the: for their leathing thou haſt made them expert Souldiers unwilling to learn the dif.
rem gh war: Theſe be * Lycargus ſelf called Rerra, and as much as Oracles,
that the god e polo had diſcovered ro him. Now the education of Childrth, he efteethed the chief-
eſt and greateſt matter thar a reforinier of Laws ſhould eſtabliſh, _Therefore beg beginniug afar off, he
firſt conſidered the ſtate of Martiage, and the generation of Chikiren. For Ar; le fairh,that Lycur-
F#sdid atempt ro reform Wotnen, and did ſoon give it over ag e he could do no Tod
therein, by reaſon of the great pony rye hr taken by the bſance of their Husbands inthe wars,
compelled ofrei ſo to be abroad, and did leave them Miſtteſſes of their houfes, and ar their
return did honour them ſo much, and make of theta ſo beyond meaſure, with calling of thetn Ladies
and Miſtreſs : Howbeit this is true, that he had at eye to the tile ind order of their life, as well
The diſcipline 25 he had of Mens , and {v6 Derm e Firſt of all, he willed chat rhe Maidens ſhould harden
of Women a- their bodies with etetciſe of ing, chtoming the Bar, and caſting the Dart, to the end
;o . car wg that che RN Tm - foyer a pode emma make wy
- luſty body oor out pradihe herter ; gathering ſtrength
he cop. xy, Ext nerf, {hould mort ealily away with the pains of Child-braring. AT away from then
The exerciſes their wottahifh daintineſs and and finenels, he up 4 cuſtom , for Maitls ahd Boys to
and diſcipline p ; and to dance naked ror FRIES » and co ſing cetraiti
of Maids. oF rr, or To whom by by the way they
botne, for things wherein be-
Bad bh putey ASE hat atd inert romp bmp So Sottg, for their vertues, wits vt
praiſed them which had deſttyed it. ' By this means they did ft young mens hearts on
fie, o6f 0 win I a. tn hardy For ag nermn = of rhetn for a valiant man, or
a&s were than, he thereby gens, S-Aefentiy ag ans whe +
and gitds and they gavets 0 wets of force, then the ſharpeſt words
RE EGLE tha eerie d. be given This rook plate the rather, becauſe it
Penrbny oe 3 and all the reft of the Citizens which carne thithet
tit outhfull
or ryren
"Be Bell then it was for ftien-m rheit pins exerciſes er oem Heredf ircams, tha
| the Worth bf Laczd#rtv x'Wrreſd 4y, 4nd ro thittk'of that, which Gorgon the
The laying of wyite of King Lromias ont diy thſwertd, bei OS latk with wotman chat faid to her; There
Hwang won Wotiet ehage that corhithand their but of Lat oxk0 x.Wherer
yed'::$6 thete be no Wotneh btit ey rare
ptovocativhs to thraw waa
| wipe EE as "fa Law's brought
Men thar Win | af vityl
would not
f nviton the þl SEED
aw. putpol Ww
or Moreover, when fuch were old,
which 610 inarrld hen wltaly riceee,
bor Yoon which was Tpoktn to Drrrilidas
rothitig thro a' Preſence, thete wis a young Mn which
Matrimonial vetenice, nor to pive hit Þþlace*for ro fit dowiis, And ene
ceremonies in * #dtten a Soh , ho may do 6 ah. fo be 1 ne taco,
Lacedemon. hi atly, were driven to Wy
CESS TR EPFRCTW©- * © 5+ THe PWT
6388
LYCOURGVUS. At
came home ſecretly to the houſe where the Bride was : and there untied his Wives Sirdle, rook
her in his arms, layed her upon a bed, and talked rogether a while, and afterwards fair and ſoftly
ſole away to the place where he was wont to leep with other young men. And fo from thence-
forth, he continued always to do the like, being allche day time with his Companions, and ſleeping
moſt of the night, ualels he ſometime ſole to ſee his Wite , being afraid, and aſhamed ever to be
ſeen by any ot the houſe where ſhe was. And hereunto his young Wife did help for her part, to
ſpy means and. occaſions how they might meet rogether, and not be ſeen, This manner endured
a great while and untill ſome of them had Children, before they boldly mer together, and ſaw each
other on the day time. This ſecret meeting in this ſort did ſerve to good purpoſes, not onely be- "_
cauſe- it was ſome mean of continency, and ſhamefaſtneſs, but alſo it kept their bodies in ftrengch army rt :
and better Scate to-bring forth Children, It continued alſo in both parties, as till burning Love ried couples.
and a new defire of the one to the other, not as it were luke-warm , nor weary , as their
commonly be which have their Bellies full of Love, and as much as they luſt ; but they ever parted
with an Appetite one from another, keeping ſtill a longing defire to deviſe how to meer again.
Now when he had eſtabliſhed ſuch a continency , and ſo kind a framed Honeſty in Marriage,
he took no leſs care to drive away all fooliſh jealouhie therein, chinking ir very good reaſon to 7cyr51s re-
beware there thould be no violence, nor confuſion in Marriage ; and yet as reaſon would, they ſhould gard to ayoid
ſuffer thoſe which were worthy ro get Children as it were in common , laughing, at the mad jealcuſic in the
folly of them which revenge ſuch things with War and Bloodſhed, as though in that caſe men in LE
no wiſe ſhould have no tellowſhip rogether. ' Therefore a manwas not to be blamed, being ſtep- ** *
ped in years, and _ a young Wite, if ſeeing a fair young Man that liked him, and known with
all to be of a gentle Nature, he brought him hometo ger his Wife with Child, and afterwards
would avow it for his, as if himſelf had gorten it, It was Lawful alſo for an Honeſt man that Loved
another mans Wife, for that he-ſaw her wiſe, ſhamefaſt, and bringing forth goodly Children, to in-
treat her'Husband to ſuffer him to lie with her, and that he might alſo plow in that luſty ground, and
caſt abroad the ſeed of well favoured Children : which by this means came to be Common in Blood
and Parentage, with the moſt Honourable and Honeſteſt perſons, For firſt of all, Zycxrgus did nor
like that Children ſhould be private to any man, but that they ſhould be Common to the Common-
weal : by which reaſon he would alſo, that ſuch as ſhould become Citizens, ſhould not be begotten of
every man, but of the moſt Honefteſt man onely. So Lycxrgus thought alſo there were many fooliſh
vain toyes and fancies, inthe Laws and Orders of other Nartions, touching Marriage : ſeeing they cau-
ſed their Bitches and Mares to be limed and covered with the faireft Dogs and goodlieſt talions that
might be gotten, praying or paying the Maſtersand owners of the ſame : and kept their Wives not-
withſtanding ſhut up ſafe under lock” and key,* for fear left other then themſelves might 'ger them
with Child, nho_ they were ſickly, feeble brained, and extream old. As if it were not firſt of
all, and chiefly a diſcommodiry to the. Farhers and Mothers, and likewiſe to thoſe that bring them
up, to have unperfe& and feeble Children born, as it were begotten of dry and withered men : and
then to the contrary, whar pleaſure and benefit 1s it to thoſe that-have fair and good Children born,
as gotten of like ſeed and man ? Theſe things were done then by Natural and civil reaſon, never-
theleſs they ſay Women were ſo far off from intreaty, as ever they were before: ſo: as in old time,
in SPARTA, men knew not what adultery meanr. For proof whereof, the anſwer made by Gera- No adubs
das ( one of the firſt ancient SpanTANS ) unto a ſtranger, may bealledged, that asked him, what: known in 7
puniſhment chey had for Adulterers, My friend,” quoth he, there be none here; Bur if there were , Sparta.
replyed the ſtranger again. Marry faid he, then he muſt pay as great a Bull, as ſtanding upon the
rop of the Mountain — may drink in the River.Eurotas. Ye marry : but how'is- it poſlible
(quoth the Kranger) to find ſuch a Bull? Geradas laughing, anſwered him again:'And how were
t poſſible alſo'ro-find an Adulterer in Sea&t a? And this is that which is found» of Lycurgus
Laws touching Marriages. Furthermore, after 'the Birth of Boy, the Father was no more 71. £1,..;0.
Maſter of himy to cocker and bring him'up after his will : bur he hi carried him to. a certain place of Children
called LeſchE, where the'eldeft men of his kindred being ſer, did view the Child : and if they found with the Lace
him fair, and -well-proportionated of all his Limbs and ftrong, they gave order he ſhould be brought Fr as
up, and appointed him one of the-nine- thouſand parts of Inheritance for his education, Contrari- ©4***:
wile,if they found him deformed; miſhapen, or Lean, or Pale,they ſearbima co be thrown in a deep pit of
water, whichithey' Commonty'ealled ' Apothetes, 'and as a man would fay, the Common houſe of
office ; holding Opinion it was neither good for the Child, nor yer' for the Commonweal, that it
live,conſidering from his Birth he was not well itaguer HO ſtrong, healthful,nor luſty
of Bod ar vers . For wr ie or wn Nurſeafte EET d not waſh them wich
water -(as 0 every where at rime) but with water mi with wine :; and thereby Young babes
did oe CE ietion or temperature of their hn ook good or ill. For they ſup- waſked with
poſe, rhat- Children which are given to have the-falling-Sickneſs, or otherwiſe to be full of rhumes wine-
and ſickneſs, anriot abide waſhing with wine, bur rather dry and pine away : as contrarily the other
which are healthful, 'becoine thereby the and the luſtier. ' The Nurlesalſo of SearT a uſea The 534rrzs
certain- manneytobring up their Chuldren, withourfwadling, or binding themup in clothes with ſwad- Nurſes,
ling-bands, ot having ontheirteads'Croſs-clothes: ſo as they made them nimble of their limbs, ber - /
ter ſhaped and er of Body, Beſides that, they acquainted their Children to all kind of meats,
and. brought * withour much rendance, 'ſo as they were neither fine nor licoriſh, nor fearfull
to be left alonein the dark neither were they cryers, wrallers, or unhappy Children, which _ all
| E 3 toKens
Apothctes.
4s LYCURGVUS.
———
' tokens of baſe and cowardly natures, So that there were ftrangers, that of purpoſe bought Nurſes
out of LacoN14, to bring up their Children ; as they fay Amiclia was one of them which nurſed
Plato of the Alcibiades. But Pericles his Tutor, gave him afterwards a bondman called Zopyrxs, to be his Ma-
firlt Alcibiades. fter and Governour : who had no better property in him, than other common {laves. This did not
Lycurgus. For he did not put the education and government of the Children of Sear a into
the hands of hired maſters or ſlaves bought with money : neither was it lawful for the Father him-
ſelf to bring up his own Child after his own manner and liking, For ſo ſoon as they came to ſe-
=__ —_— ven years of age, he took and divided them by Companies, to make them to be brought up toge-
+ + 00eREY ther, and to accuſtom them to play, to learn, and to ſtudy one with another. Then he choſe our
brought up. of every company one, whom he ht to have the beft wit, and had moft courage in him to fight,
to whom he gave the _—_ and overſight of his own company, The reft had their eyes waiting
always on him, they did obey his commandments willingly; they did abide ms corre&ions
he gave them, they did ſuch tasks and works as he appointed them : ſo that all their ſtudy was moſt
to leatn to obey. Furthermore, the old gray-headed men were preſent many times to ſee them play,
and for the moſt part they gave them occaſions to fall out, andeto fight one with another, ſo that they
might thereby the better know and diſcern the natural diſpoſition- of every one of them, and whe-
ther they gave any ſigns or tokens in time ro come to become cowards or valiant men, Touching
Learning, they had as much as ſerved their turn : for the reſt of their time they ſpent in learning
how to obey, to'away with pain, or endure labour, to overcome till in fight. According to their
growth and years, they did change the exerciſes of their bodies: they did ſhave their heads, they
went bare-l they were conſtrained to play naked together the moſt part of their time. After
they were paſt twelve years of age, they wore no longer coats: and they gave them yearly but one
filly gown, This was the cauſethey were always ſo naſty and ſluttiſh, and they never uſed to bathe
or noint themſelves, ſaving onely at certain days in the year, when they: were ſuffered to tafte of
this refreſhing. They lay and ſlept to upon beds of ſtraw, which they themſelves did make of
the tops of reeds or canesthat in the River of Eurotas ; which they were forced to go gather
and break themſelyes with their hands, without R__ or iron atall, In the winter, they did min-
It is a kind of gfe thiſtle-down with theſe, which is called Lycophonas, becauſe that ſtuff ſeemeth ſomewhat warm
- — my of it ſelf, About this time, the favourers and likers of this pretry youth, which were commonly
Tongue : read the luſtieſt and beſt di youths of the City; began to be ofter in their company : and then the
Heſychias., old men took the better regard unto them, and frequented more commonly the places of their
daily exerciſes, and where their uſe was to fight together, helping them when Gay played, how one
ſhould mock another. This did their old men, not by way of paſtime onely, but with ſuch care and
hearty love. towards them, as-if they had been altogether theivFathers, Maſters, and Governours,
while they were boyes : inſomuch as there was never time nor place, where they had not always
ſome to admoniſh, reprove, or correR them, if they dida fault. Notwithſtanding all this, there was
ever one of the honeſteſt men of the City, who bad the and of thee
boys. He did divide them in Companies, and 7 _ overſight of them to ſuch a one
of the boys as was diſcreeteft, the manlieft, the moſt -hardy., and of rhe beft courage amongſt
Trenes Mclire- them. They called the children/thar were paſt infancy two years, Irene : and the greateſt boyes
, mes, | Melirenes :, as who would I gr enar boyery. This boy who was made Overſeer of
| them, was commonly twenty years of age. He was their Captain when they fought, and did com-
mand them ashis ſervants when they were inthe houſe: and willed them which were ftrongeſt and
- the moſt grown, to carry wood when they ſhould prepare dinner or ſupper ,, and thoſe which were
The Trieve'Y leaſt and weakeft,'to go gather herbs, which they muſt teal or lack-them. So they went out to
wenicus Real, ſome in Gardens, ſomeat the Markets, other-in the Halls where the Feaſts were. kept, and
men did eat together, into the which they yed themſelves as cloſtly and cunningly as they could
ET IE
grols a not fine ing in .thei k e allo a ind 0
mea whale hey —_ to take
Straight diet
cauſeth
and beighth,
pn agar yu oe t x, adny 1
ealily yield t which bri a )
trariwiſe, it ſeemerh theſe groſs, vpalede, eff tnes
ſo nimble and pliantto her, by reaſon of their heavy ſubſtance.
children which women bring a little
form. Touching the natural - Cauſe of this _—
el
© & © ».., &._ dfcuctoggt:odugrn
LYCURGVUS.
[et us give place to other todiſpute it that will, without any farther deciding of the ſame. But to
return to the matter of the LaczD&MONIANS children: They did rob with {> great care,
and fear to be diſcovered, that they tell of one , which having ſtoln a little Fox, did hide him un-
der his cloak, and ſuffered him wich his teeth and claws to tear our all his belly, and never cryed,
for fear he ſhould have been betrayed, untill he fell down dead in the place where he Ktood. This
is not incredible, by that we do ſee young boys abide at this day : for we have ſeen divers, which
have bidden oyung cnn to death, upon the Altar of D:iana, ſurnamed Orthia. Now thisunder-
Maſter , who had the charge of every Company of theſe boys, uſed after ſupper (fitting yer ac the Childrens ex-
Table ) to bid one of them ſing a Song : to another he put forth a queſtion, who was to be well ad. *rcile atter
viſed of his anſwer, as for example : Who is the honeſteſt manin the City? or how thinkeſt thou ***if ſupper.
by that ſuch a one did ? By thisexerciſe they were enured from boyes ſtate, to judge of things well
or ill done, and to underſtand the life and Government of their Citizens. For which of them did
not anſwer quickly anddire&ly to theſe queſtions, Who is a good man, who is an honeſt Citizen,
and who not : they thought it was a fign of a dull wit, and careleſs nature, not given to any ver-
tue, for defire of honour and eſtimation, Furthermore this under-maſter wasever to wait tor his
anſwer, and to ſee it ſhould be brief and well knit up in words : otherwiſe his puniſhment that an-
ſwered croſly, orto little purpoſe, was, that his Maſter bit him by the thumb, This he did many
times in the preſence of the old men and Magiſtrates of the City, that they might ſee whether he pu-
niſhed them with reaſon or not, and according to their deſerving. And though he did hurt him, they
did not by and by reprove him, but when the children were gone away, then was he himſelf rebu-
ked and puniſhed, if he had corre&ed them too ſore, or contrarily had fayoured them too much.
Moreover they did aſcribe the good or ill opinion conceived of the children, unto every of their (2-
vourers and lovers, which did affe& and entertain them : in as much as they ſay, a young boy upon
a time fighting with another, and a cry (caping out of his mouth, which his faint cowardly heart did
yield, his favourer and lover was _— condemned by the Officers of the Ciry to a fine. Albeit
this love was a thing even incorporated into them, that the moſt honeſt and vertuouſeſt women lo-
ved the young Maids thus alſo ; yet was there no jealouſie nor ſuſpicion that grew hereof, but rather Th. ;.,..;..
ro the contrary, there grew a marvellous mutual love and Kindneſs between them, which lived in monians man-
one ſelf place. For either of them by all the means they could, did deviſe how to make the child ner of loying,
they loved in common, the wileſt, the gentleft, and the beſt conditioned above all other, They taught
theſe children to ſpeak in ſuch ſort, that their ſpeech had ever init a pleaſant grace, and in few words
comprehended much matter. For Lycurgus ordained, a great mafſe and weight of iron money,
ſhould be bur lirtle worth, and of a ſmall value, as we have told you before , and contrarily, that
ſpeech in few wards, without any affeQation, ſhould hold much deep and grave matter, wherewith Short ſpeech
the children being acquainted, after long ſilence, ſhould be brief and pithy in their anſwers. For as *2ught among
the ſeed of incontinent men, which are too buſie with every rag and colman hedge, can take no *** <4cedens-
root to. bring forth fruit ; even ſo immoderate ſpeech, full of words and buſie tattle, bringeth forth ****
as little ſenſe, Hereof it cometh, that the anſwers of the Laconians were ſo ſhort and witty,
As they ſay, Fg o-Lgs anſwered on a day an ATHENIAN, who jeſting at the Swords the Lac x-
DEMONIANS did wear, ſaid they were ſo ſhort, that theſe Tumblers and Juglers did ſwallow them
down in the fight of all the World - and yet, ſaid Ags, we hurt our Enemies with them for all that.
For mine own opinion , I like well of the LacoN1awns manner of ſpeaking : which is not to
ſpeak much, but when ey Ipenk to touch the matter eftetualy, and ro make the hearers under-
ſtand them. I think alſo that Lycurgus ſelf, was ſhort and quick in his talk, For fo a man nuy
conjecture his anſwers which are written : as that which hz made to one who earneſtly prayed him
to eſtabliſh a popular tate in LaczvaxonN, that the baſcit might have as great Authority as the Lycurgys wiſe
higheſt, Begin (quoth be) to do it firſt in thine own houſe. And as that alſo which he anſwered anſwers,
another who asked him, why he had appointed ſo. ſmall things, and ſo little of value to be offered £11729 love
to the gods > Becauſe (quorh he) we ſhould never ceaſe to honour them. And as that which he © _
ipake another time, - rouching fights and frays, which was : that he did never forbid his Citizens bad an cok
any of chem, but thoſe wherein they uſe to give their hand, as you would ſay, to yield. Men find feſs himlelf
alſo ſuch like anſwers, in ſome of his Letters written to his Citizens, -as when asked him : How overcome;
can we defend our ſelves againſt our Enemies? He anſwered : If ye be poor, and one do covet no
morethen another, And in another Letter that was ſent, where he diſcourſeth, whether it were
requiſite to inclaſe the City with Walls : he ſaith,..Can that Ciry be withour Walls, which is envi-
roned with men, though it be uncompaſſed with ſtone ? Nevertheleſs ir is hard to refolve, whether
thoſe Letters, and other ſuch like that are ſhewed, be to- be believed, or diſcredited to be his. Bur
that long ſpeech was much diſliked, and reproyed among the LaczpamonN1Ans, it is manifeſtly
to be ſeen by the words, which ſome amongſt. them have beretofore anſwered. As King Leonidas Short ſenten-
ſaid one day, to one that diſcourſed with him many. good things, .but- our of ſeaſon : Friend, thou <5 of certain
ſpeakeſt many good words, but to little purpoſe. And Charilaxs,. Nephew to Lycergns, being af- ans +0
ked why his Uncle made ſo few Laws ; Becauſe, faid be, to men.of few words, few Laws will ſerve. (4,145.
And eArchidem;das ſaid thus to ſome which reproved Hecateys the Orator, for that being bidden to Archidamilar.
ſupper at one of their Feaſts, he ſpake not a word- all ſupper time : He who can ſpeak well, know- Sharp ſenten-
eth alſo when ro ſpeak. And where I havetold before, that in their fear and quick anſwers com- <5 of the Lo:
monly there was ſome pretty grace, it may be well-ſeen and known by theſe that follow Demera- _—_—
Demaratus,
is anſwered a bulic fellow who troubled him too much with yan imporrunate queſtions, —_—
| us
þ
Wl
:
Ti |
| '
'
j
44
LYCURGUS.
—
Agis.
' Theopompus.
Pliſtonax Pau-
ſanias ſon.
Archedamidas.
In the life of
Ageſilaus.
The Lacede-
mMonjans Songs.
Three dances
among the La-
cedamonians.
Terpander of
the Lacedamo-»
mans.
Pindarus of
the Lacedamo= +
Bans.
ſtill : who was the honeſteſt man of LaczpDamoN? Even he that is leaft like thy ſelf, And e494
ſaid to ſome Which highly praiſed the Ex1ans for their upright judgement, and juſt dealing- in the
games oy qu} hat wonder make. ye of it (quoth he) if in five years ſpace the Et1aws
one day do good juſtice? And Theopompus likewiſe toa ftranger, who as deſirous to ſhew his affei-
on he bare the LaczD&MoNIANS, told him how every body called him Philolacos (as to ſay)
a lover of LaczDHaMoN. Itwere more honeſty forthee (ſaid he) to be named Philopolites, a lo-
ver of her Citizens. And Pliſtonax the ſon of Paxſanias, when an Oratour of ATHENs ſaid the
LACEDEAMONIANS were unlearned and ignorant : Thou fſayeſt true, quoth he, for we onely of
all theGxtc1a Ns have learned none of your ill conditions, And eArchidamidas, to one that de-
manded of him, what number of fighting men there might be of the Spartans: Enough ſaid he,
ro drive away the wicked. We may conjecture alſo their manner of ſpeaking, by their words in mirth,
which they ipake ſometimes playing wile : for they did never uſe to ſpeak yain words at random, bur
it had always ſome ſecret meaning in it, which required anothers obſervation that would find it,/
As he which was deſired to go hear the Nightingale counterfeited naturally : I have (faid he) heard
the Nightingale it ſelf. And another which having read this Inſcription upon a Tomb ;
then as they had, well quenched tyrannie
Throughout their land, by worthy warlike-pozer ;
Their hap was yet in wretched wiſe to die,
By ſcaling Selynuntaes ſtrongeſt tower,
They well deſerved death, faid he, that did but quench tyranny : they ſhould have quire conſumed
it with fire. And one younger boy to another, promifing ro give him ſuch hardy Cocks of the game,
as ſhould die inthe place where they fought. O give me not thoſe (ſaid he) which will die, but
thoſe which with figh ing will kill others. Another ſeeing men fitting in Couches and Litters as they
went ; God forbid (ſaid he) that 1 ſhouldever fit in a chair, where I could not riſeto my elders.
Such were their anſwers and encounters. So that ſome had reaſon which ſaid heretofore, ro ſpeak
LAacON1a N-like, was to be Philoſopher-like : as you would ſay, more to exerciſe the mind, than
the body. Beſides all this, they did ſtudy to ſing well, and to make goodly -Ditics and: Songs. Then
they ſpake moſt properly and featly. Therewas in their Songs alſo a certain motion , 1 wot not
what, which ſtirred upthehearers hearts, and did kindle defire in them to do notable feats. Their
Tongue was plain, without affeRation : their matter grave and moral , containing for the moſt
part the praiſe-of thoſe which were. {lain in battle for rhe defence of their Countrey, as being” happy
men -: and a ſhame to thoſe that live, which for faint hearts refuſed ſo to die, to lead a miſerable and
unfortunate life.” Or elſe they ſang how they were the patterns for time to come, orthe right glory
of the World, and thetrue repreſentation of vertuous men ; as the Song would beſt become their
ages which did ſing. It ſhallnot be impertinent for the better underſtanding hereof, to bring you
here an example. For in their open Feafts, there were always three dances, according to the differ-
enceof the three ages. Thedance of the old men, thus began firſt for to ſing :
% Wwe have been young and frong " yet waliant heretofore,
TY- Till crookedoage d bold us back, and bade us do no more,
The young men followed after, finging ; |
We yet are young, bold, ſtrong, and ready to maintain,
bat quarrel ſtil, «_orv ou men thatido on Earth remain.
Tudo wes ER, ar op = -
| And we a well, to paſs you all at laſt,
"7 Andthat rhe world ſhall witneſs be, ere many years be poſe
To conclude, who nearly will conſider the works and makings of the Lacon Poets (whereof ſome
are Yet extant)-and will mark alſo the Notes —_—_ of ng ee BO mar 7
whereof marched in s: going to charge the Enemy : t Terpander and Pin-
_ bated ro join hardiveſe with Muſick, For Terpandey ſpeaking of the LacxD&MoNIANS,
ina place ;
And Pindaru ſpeaking of = |
There : grave advice, i found in aged brains :
There : gallant youths are luſty lads indeed,
; ? Which can both ſing, and dance, in conrtly trains :
f 3: 4/4 Yet daunt their fo with many a donghty deed. |
By which teſtimonies it appeareth,' the one and the,other made, and deſcribed them to have loved
Maſick, and the Warstogether, For asanother La con Poet faith z
| vt _—_ firrerhiwell, and ss a feemly thing,
} For ſuch as per their time in fears of war :
- +) - Tohave the thill, ſweet Sonnets for to fig,
* Andtonch the Harp without enjangling jar.
For this cauſe therefore-in all. their Wars, whenthey ſhould- give battle, the King did firſt facrifice
PF. _—_. 4
" LYCUVRGVS.
tothe Muſes, to put the Souldiersin mind (as it ſhould feem) of the Diſcipline and wiſdoni of thie
Muſes that they had been br up in, to the end that when his Soukdiers were in the moſt exirearn
, the Muſes ſhould themſelves before the Souldiers eyes, ro prick them forwards to
do-ſome noble acts of worthy meniory. Intheir time of War, they did tolerate their young men
a little of their hard and old accuſtomed life, and ſuffered them then to trim their hairs, ro have brave
Armour, to wear gay Apparel, and took as great delight therein , to fee them gallant and luſty, That
as to behold young nexghing and ſnorting horſes , deſirous for ro fight. And although from the be- ,;4.ons
ginning of their youth, they iid uſe to wear long hair : yer were they never fo carefull ro comb hi of the
and bruſh their beads, as when they ſhould to the battle, . For rhen did noint themſelves with Laconiuns.
ſweet Oyles, and did thed their hait, remembring Zycargus faying, wagwont to tell them,
that hairs ro them which were fair, did make them more 'tair, and ro them that were foul, they
made them more ne dreadful}, The exetcifes alſo of their bodies, were more eafic and gentle,
and not ſo hard aight in their Wars, as they were in Peace : and generally, their whole man-
ner of life was not then ſo ftraightly viewed, nor yer controlted. $0 as they onely were the men of How the L1-
the World, to whom Wars were made a reft from labour, which men otdinarily do endure, ro make jen began
them the ficter for the Wars. A frerwards when their Army was ſet in battle ray, even in the face of The 7.,conzang
the Enernies, the King did ſtraight ſacrifice a Goar unto the gods, and forthwith commanded all his ſong when
Souldiers ro put their Garlands of Flowers 0n their heads, and willed that the Pipes ſhould ſound the they marched,
Song of Caſtor, at the noiſe and tune whereof, he himſelf began firſt to march forward. So that it £4 1%. 15
was a marvellous pleaſure, and likewiſe a dreadfull fight, to ſee the whole Battle march together in
order, at the ſound of the Pipes, and never ro break their pace, nor confound their ranks, nor tv
be diſmayed ot amazed themſelves, but to go on quietly and joytully at the ſound of their Pipes, to
hazard themſelves even to death. For it is likely, that ſuch courages are not troubled with much
feat, nor yet overcome with much fury : but rather they have an aſſured conſtancy and valianrneſs
in good hope, 4s thoſe that are backed with he afliſting tavour of the gods, The King marching in
this order, had always ſome about him, which had before time won he prizes in games and juſts.
And they ſay there was one of theſe ona time, that was offered a great ſum of money at the ganies
Olytapical, hot to prefent himſelf at chetn : but he refuſed it, liking better with great pain to win
the prize, ther for mucti munry to loſe his hortour. Whereupon the one [aid unto him ; Lacont-
AN : afid what haft thou gotren now, to carry away the prize with is much ſweat > The Laco x1-
a N anſwered hint laughing : 1 — in the barrle, faith he, before the King. When. they had
once broken intvtheir Enemies, they did till fiercely and fiercelier ſet upon them; and did never
ceaſe, untill their Enemies gave way and fled : and then they chaſed and followed them Rill, untill
ſuch tirhe as their overthrow and flight had aſſured them of the victory. Then they quickly and qui- jx,y far th
etly returned to their Camp, judging it to be no manhood, neither part of a noble hh of of ſo Lacedemonians
worthy a Nation as the Gxzc14ns were, to kill and hew in pieces, men fo ſcattered and out of of- did purſue
det, having forſaken allthe hope of viRory, This fell out net bnely honourable, but alſo very pro. 'Heir Enemies.
fitable for them. For they which were in battle againſt them, knowing they killed none but ſuch as
reliſted outly, and bow they did let others go which fled before them : they found it was iiore their
benefit to fly, then to tarry and abide the ſtrokes. Fſippsa the Sophiſter ſaith, that Zyeurgus him- Lytargas a ve-
' ſelf wasa very good Captain, and a great Souldier, as he that had been in maiiy foughteh Fields : ;, __. Cap-
and Philoſftephanas aſcribed to him the device to pur Hofſe-men in Troops and Cottipanits, which tain.
they called Gxlames, whereof fifry men at Arms was « Troop, whoſe manner was to put themſelyes 0lemer.
in ſquadrons. But Demerimsthe P halerian writeth otherwile, that Lycargus was never at the Wars,
and that he rhade toy 1 —_— as m army the intermiſſion
of Wars during ays Olympical, which ay be deviſet, in appearance that
he was a gentle-natured man, - one that Joved Guin ek and peace, Sorhe notwithſtanding ( 4-
mong{t whom Hermippms was one) ſay, he wasnot with /phitmu at the firſt begintiing, when he or-
dained the Plays Olympical, oy chance he. happened to come thither, paſlitig by in his jour-
ney onely, amd thar he Rayed there to ſee the Games : where he thought he heard the voice of a mah
behind him, ſaying, He marvelled much why he did not perſwide his Citizetis alſo to be parthers of
this new device: and turning bark toſee ho « was that ſpake to hitn, he ſaw 16 body. Wheteup-
bn he rooka congeit that it was a ſpeech from the gods : and werit therefore preſaiitly to ſeek our
Ipbitus, with whom he made all the Starutes and Ordefs of the Feaſt; which aftetwards were far
more famous , better ordered, arid more ſtately than before, But ts returh 4ptin to the Lace
rages { their diſcipline ahd order of life continued Rl), after they were full grown then.
For it-was not lawtull for any man to live as he lifted, bur they were within their City; as if they had
been a Tatap, where every man knoweth what allowance he hath t6 live withall, and what buſi-
neſs be hath eſe ro do in his Calling, To be ſhort, they were all of this mind, that they were nor
born w ſerv{ theniſelves, bur to ſerve their Councrey, Therefore if they were comntiahded tothing 1
elle, they went continually td fee whiat the children did, and t6 teach then foinewhat which might opinion to
Profit the Commori-weal, br elſe they went to leaef! of ehivſe whieh Were their elders. For ofie Of ferye their
preg. 1 4s wr Lyour fu: ever brought itito his City , was the great reſt and leiſure Countrey.
which he mhlde his Citizehs to have, only forbidding thetti chat they hoald not profeſs dhy vile of The rett and
baſe 6ccupdtion +4 andchey needed tior alſo to he earefull to ger grear ficties; in a place whete Goods [25 2.
were noting profirable nor eſteeted. For the 11:0 ts, which were made bond-mien by the Wars,
did cill Grounds, and yielded thein # certaiti Revenve every year. Ad as tonching this
matter,
w_ "=
% pi $ " A. - " " .
F a "> 7 , = OY"
__—
—— C—- ”
% —— ——_— " -_ CP - P_—_—
_ =
OOO HORS IEEE dn YT UG Ree RE I ein abt _—
4.6 LYCURGVUS.
— ——
matter , tell of a LacepamoNnian, who being on aday at ATHEXs where the Law was
Idle livers pu- pleaded, did underſtand that a Citizen there was condemned for idlenefs, and how he went home to
niſhed at A- his houſe very. ſorrowfull, accompanied with his friends which were ſorry for him, and greatly lamen-
hens. ted his ill hap: the LaczpzmonNnian then prayed thoſe which were about him, to ſhew him
- the mancondemned for living nobly, and like-a gentleman. I have alledged this, to ſhew how he
thought it a vile and ſervile thing to exerciſe any handy-craft, or-ro work any thing by hand to get
Stits in Law Money. For Suits in Law,.a man may bewell aſſured they were baniſhed with the gold and filver
went away from Lactepzmon, conſidering now there was no more avyarice nor covetouſneſs there, nor yet
with gold and poyerty nor lack, but equality with abundance, and quiet life with ſobriety. All other times bur
—_ W235 when they had Wars, they followed dancing, Feaſts, _ Banquets , hunting, or other exerci-
How they fes of body, and meetings to paſs the time away. -For the young men untill they came to thirty
ſpent the time years of age, never went into the market to buy any Proviſion or things for the houſe, but did their
in Sparzs, Fathers or their Friends buſineſs : nay it was a ſhame for the oldeſt men, ro haunt the Market t00
often, As to the contrary, it was honourable for them to be preſent at the Shew-place the moſt
part of the day, where they diverſly exerciſed their bodies, and likewiſe to be at the places of Aſ-
ſembly, there to ſpend time with walking together, and diſcourfing honeſtly one with another, with-
out talking of any matter of gain, trafftick, or money. For all their talk (for the moſt. part) was
about the praiſing of ſome honeft thing, or ſporting-wiſe to reprove ſome diſhoneſty, which al-
ways carried with it ſome _ lefſon or motion by the way. For Lycxrgs was not ſuch a ſour
The Lacede- man, as they never ſaw him laugh : but as Soſibix«c writeth, it was he that firit ſacrificed to the little
MODSCDS _ god of laughter, which is at LaczDamoN, becauſe he would mingle their Feaſts and Afſemblies
to oſciv-e With mirth, as a pleaſant ſauce to caſe the trouble of their ftrift and hard life. To be brief, be dil
in-the Com- accuſtom his Citizens ſo, that they neither would nor could live alone, but were -in manner as men
mon-weal., incorporated one with another, and were always in company together, as the Bees be about their
Mafter-bee : till in a continual love to ſerve their Countrey, to win honour, and to adyance the
Common-weal. Which affeion of theirs is plain. and eaſily ſeen to be imprinted in them by
Padarctus certain of their Anſwers, as in that which Pedarerms ſaid on a time, being left our of the eletion of
ſaying. the number of the three hundred ; Who departing home to his houſe merry and jocond as might be,
Said :- It did him good to ſee there were Pre found better. in the City than himſelf. P:ſe-
ftratidas: alſo being ſent Ambaſſador with certain other to the Lieutenants of the King of Pzrs14,
'the Pxxs14aN/Lords asked him, if they came of- their own deſire, or whether were ſent
from the whole State : if we obtain , faid he, it is from the State : -if we be deriied, then we come
of our ſelves. '; And eArgileonida the mother of Braſidas, asked ſomethat went to viſit her after they
were returned home to Laczpamon from their journey to AMPHIPOLIS , if her ſon died
like a man, and a worthy SPARTAN : and they ſtraight commended, him highly, ſaying : There
was not left in all LaczD&moN ſuch a valiant man. She replyed unto them, Say nor ſo, my
friends, 1 pray you : for Braſidas was indeed a valiant man, bur the Countrey of Lacon1a hath
many more: yet valianter then he was. Now touching their Senate, Lycarg us was the firſt that ere-
Red it among them. The firſt that were thereof, were Lycurgus chiet aiders and affiſters of thar
The manner of ere&jon, as we haye declared before : bur afterwards he ordained, that when any of thoſefirſt ſhould
—_—— happen to die, they ſhould chuſe in his place the moſt honeſt reported man in the City, ſo he were
Sparta. threeſcore ;years old and above, This was the nobleſt glory that could be among men, when a man
bare the bell and praiſe, not that he was ſwifteſt among the ſwift, nor ſtrongeſt among the ſtrong,
but that he among the honeſt was honeſteſt. He had the reward of his vertue, as for liberty to ſpeak,
foyeraign authority to govern, and Princely power over the Common-weal , the honour , the
life, and the goods of the whole Citizens: howbeit the eletion was made after this ſort. The peo-
ple firft aſſembled in the Market-place, where there were ſome appointed and ſhut up:thereabout m a
houſe, from whence they could neither ſee, nor be ſeen of thoſe:that were afſembled-,' bur onely
they might hear the noiſe which they. made there... . For the people by their cry and flidut, did de-
clare whom they did chuſe, and whom they did refuſe of their Competitors, as rhey:uſed to ſhew their
liking by the like cry in other things. The Competitors were not brought in, and /preſented all to-
gether , þut one after another -in order, as by ;lot;did fall our. He' on whom the lot fell, paſſed
through the midſt of the Aſſembly-of the. people, and ſaid never a word. The people ſtraight thac
liked made a cry or ſhout aloud. The men appointed which were locked up, had Books-or. Tables
in which they wrote and noted the greatneſs of the cry and ſhout the People made, as every Compe-
titor paſſed by, not. knowing nor ſeeing who he was, | Theſe hidden-men'did onely fer down in their
books, the firſt , the ſecond , the third, on, as by ſhouts and cries they perceived
did paſs thus, through the Aſſembly... They noted--alſo in their ſaid books, which of thoſe had the
greateſt cry [and ſhout of people at their paſſing through : and him they came and 'declared to: be
What was Senator choſen.,, Then he wearing a Garland of Flowers on his head, went to/allthe:Temples of the
done the Se: godsin the. Ciry to. give thanks, having a great train of young. men following, and: praiſing; of his
nator being ' yertues.... There went alſo with hima marvellous company of wothen ſinging Songs 6b his praiſe,
choſen. | and how bleſſed be was thathe had lived ſo verryouſly. Then every'one of is kin prepared 'a Ban-
: © quet for him/ at bome at their houſes, and as he encred the houſe,; they ſaid unto) himy!:The City bo-
noureth thee with this Banquet. That done, he repaired afterwatdz to. the ordinary. place of their
cating, where he did in all things as he was accuſtomed, ſaving he was ſerved now atjhis Table with
2 double allowance, whereofhe reſerved the one. After ſupper, all his kinſwomen Kood.it the yuy
0
4 LYCURQGOS. Fo
of the Hall where they had/exth :*'{0 he called 'her whoin he Yowed Þ beſt, and pave h r his allowance
he had faved; and "7 robber, This wis'biven 'nie itt token Tis this day rewarded for my vertue :
and even fo 1:give i ir thee for alike tokeh'of Teward for tby vertue, Then was ſhe Yrought home by
all the Wotnenthere to RY '&veti in tike Torr as He was by the Men. Touching Burials, Fi The manner of
gn made a wife Order ; For firft of all, ro cur'oft all Typerſtiuon of burying places, he commanded ——— the
they ſhould bury the dead, Within the" City, and that their graves ſhould be round ;atjour their Tem- Og
ples, that young perforis might have then ys 3 in their eyes, arid * not be afraid to ſee a dead body,
as if to touch koarſe, or'to pals % Gow" raves, it ſhould defile a man. Thien did he forbid them
to bury any thmg with'the coarkt, ſhould, only lap it upin a red cloth, with Olive
leaves. Tt 'was not lawful: to give tbe N ame of any dead body upon his grave, but only of ſuch a
man as'died * the'wars, ,'6t'of forte holy. oman profeſſed | = their Temples, Furthermore, the The time ©
time appointed ts mourn, im, was-very ſort: for it laſted nor bur eleven days; and on ,che mourning,
twelfth da , rlity doffcrificero Proſerpina, and ſo leave off their mourning, To conclude, he. left
nothing idfe, 6r unworkihg ih Bis Citizens : for to all neceſſary things which men cannot lack, Ly-
Curg its joyned ever a _ emulation of men, as to deſire veriue, and to contemn vice ; and
furniſhed his City with many gre precepts and examples, among "which his Citizens being ſtill
born and bred nd and having the'ſame in every place before their eyes where they went, they.came
to paſs in tir\e”to be frkined if ret the very valern and mould of yertue it ſelf. For this cauſe did he eat
nor ſoffer any td travel. our of their Countrey, '6r to go abroad as he would : withour ſpecial licenſe, ,,0"*.* =
for feat leſt- hole Ra travelled abroad for their pleaſure, ſhould bring home ſtrange faſhions and other Coun=
tmantiers; and x difordertd life, which by little and little might get way, and bring an al- treys without
eericibt ai ca = we, whole ſtate. Furthermore, he kepr out.of Sear a _all ftrangers, ex- lic<nſc. No
cept thofe which f: tary ſs there, or were come thitherfor ſome profit to the countrey: PS
not that he wire wb they Th6dld. learn” omething whereby to love vertue, or that they ſhould 59r:;
defire to follow his faſhion” pA] tnanner of. orernment, as Thucydides was ; but rather fearing they 7
ſhould reach His Cirizeris fore nag hty ma hers, or {ome es vice, For ic muſt needs be
that ſttangers' Dring ever We dj? with chem ; Which new devices bring with them
alſo new Side Nin new's Miohs be & ney affeCtions briſket that many times are repug-
nant to the Law, and to the f6rin of the ie" Coinonn eftabli Fees as diſcords do many
— in an hartzony of nivfick, 'thar poet giepd very well to Therefore he judged ic a
ing moſt whrmul ro keep his City ref afe from counter ning of any ftr rs manners or
re) Joy that wr hedire” La ins eced with ſome contagious br ry og in all we
have ſpoken befyre, even to his plice, there 3 is. no mariner of token or ſhew of injuſfice, or lack of
equity, wherewith ſome Teen to- burden Lycingw in his Laws : by ſaying they were well made,
to make ther} warlike an! Vdligtir, but nor'40 be jult and xjghteous. - Bur concerning the Law they
7 Cryptic: # much to (ay, 4s Hr ſecret if.;ir wet of Je inſtitution, as e£riſtorle ſaith,
1ivhg ti ve Uirtied Plat hn the like 6f 6 ge 1 x Ay of his Commonweal, Cryptia with
This the L dlema-
Ss the Law : ; the Govertiquth which Greig of of the young men, at certain alas.
Ys to yen the
| cretion, and ſent them abroad
ints the Coney; ſomeone way, foine fr Fay, nh oh ergy rig ga
ptovifi6ttro fed Tr ood in the Countrey, did hide them-
ſelves allrlie tay ok int ſect; rook their reſt ; proc w—_ np
wits coihe,” they” went to fe * the firſt of the ILoT
$6#netirties &1 A brod@ uy: THO: Be Comity; 9 kill the frongl
thetn-: #8 iti ts ory 'of Nas of. PONNES
That 4 ern omen eres ap dong Ns jy Crown 57 a pub bk bx
SPaRrTANSE fig deb hol ervices t
| Wick onour, Ne Wop +:
' ut fand i in-num 0 that never
SEE Gs 2 raſtotle A "man all others fai
Were placed i in th ror Th wi "Ol —__ bo
"And it's by that in, t things they did; handle them very
FOLATE PEO an FRARTY NT = 7 ©>
| Bonn 4 fem fo dr L Rs PIO, water but of meaſure till they
: Nad brought chem all inc, rhe Common- where they did
les Ar wo © * .
' > bo make'their Childreti'to Tee what hea lineſs it was for. a man to be
npc- : LO they -rn4d6 \en/ing hs $, 4 In e dances, uofir for honeſt Men, and ſuch as
their fall: of d&trfi6n atid' m ey and' did foxbic The exprelly.r ro ſing any honeſt ſongs. So it is
1ved ; thit in+ the 5 gry Or Tipane Made £ to LacoNnis, many of the Itorzs were
d the *apve Htherear, ihey were commanded to fin 'g, the Verſes of ,Terpandor, or of p17...
o be a the woifar, they would nor qo it: ing, they durſt not ſing them for
f the "rſt. aid. Juntrey * Lis EDAMONIA, He that is free
ff bis ond the an "or. plates ; knew. very well the diverſity
raiſe, | ub rey Vs e of other Countries. But in my
Ban- pitiiony, thELXEgp exon Wy bes (lp fr hk par and cruelries, long time after
ry bo- deck of he yi, and” Poke Jollcy FEAT Cart hquake that happened at SPARTA, at
their bick'tinle the TEGT xs roſe” apaij thei wit 5; My Rp LAY, and did great miſchief rho-
: = dw the Chhitty, and pur Me 'City to the” $6 rels an od does that ever it had, For I
cannot
LYCURGVS.
cannot be perſwaded, that ever. ZLycurgu invented or inſtituted, ſo wicked and miſchievous an a&,
as that kind of Ordinance was : becauie I imagine his nature was gentle and mercifull, by thie cle-
miency and juſtice we ſee uſed in all his other doings, and was witneſſed beſides by open Oracle
from the gods, for a juſt and wiſe man, Furthermore, they ſay of him, chat when he ſaw the chieteſt
points of his Government had taken deep root, and that the fortn of his Commonweal. went on,
Plato ii Times 209 was ftrongenoughto maintain and keep it ſelf on foot, like as Plato ſaith, that God rejoyced
lato in Times. .ccatly after he had made the World, and ſaw the ſame turn and move his firſt moving : even ſo
Lycurgus taking fingular pleaſure and delight in his mind, to ſee his notable Laws pur in ure, and
ſo well eſtabliſhed and liked of by experience, ſi yet to make them immortal, as near as he
conld poſſible, by any forecaſt of man, that no afrer-time whatſoever, might change or put them
down. To bring this to pals, he cauſed all the people to aſſemble, and told them he thought his
civil policy and ftate of Commonweal was already ſufficiently eſtabliſhed, for vertuous _.
life : yet there was one matter behind of greater importance then all the reſt, which he could not
Lycurgus won-. Yet declare unto them, untill he had firſt asked counſel of the Oracle of eFpolo, And therefore in
derful counſel -the mean time they ſhould keep and obſerve his Laws and Ordinances inviolably, without changing,
++ ——_—_ removing or ſtaying any matter therein, untill he were returned from the City of Dzx y#os, and
\ pa then they ſhould do thr other thing behind, if the god then ſo counſelletl him. They all promiſed
+2 him to do it, and prayed him to make baſte to go on his journey. But before he he made
the Kings and Senators ſwear firſt, and conſequently all the people aſter, that they would keep his
'Laws'and ordinances without changing or altering any thing , untill he did return again. This
done, he went to the Ciry of DEL y#0s, where ſo ſoon as he arrived, he facrificed in the Temple
of «Apollo, and asked him; If che Laws he had made were good to make a man live an happy life.
«Apollo made him anſwer, his Laws were very and that his City keeping them, ſhould be the
by renowned of the World. LZycirgu cauſed this Otacle to be written, which he ſent.to SpanT A.
After he ſacrificed ro epollo again : - and then taking leave of his friends, and of his Son , he de-
termined to die, becauſe his Citizens ſhould never be releaſed of the Oath they had made berween
-his hands. When he had this derermination, he was come to the age, wherein a man hath ftrength
to live- longer , and yet was old enough alſo'to die if he would, Wherefore finding himſelf
Lycurgss death - happy to have obtained his defire, he willingly | «yh gems to death, ”F lack of
meat. For he thought it meet, that | eath of great perſonages
x60 the Commonweal, and chat the
bis E: ors, untill King '
eA'gis the Son of eArchidamus began es, did not break nor
diſcontinue any of the Laws of Lye!
Money cor-
aa paingns n= 1 > Came
e more in' preedinels nd g ** Jae NOr ULUTO |
Lyſenders life, corrtipted for any money : yet het ind covetouſneſs, into.the Countrey, and filled the
L[a &= Fame with all fineneſs, b bringing in great ſtore of Gold and Silyer from the wars, directly
- pe again ASainft the Laws and ordinances of 'Lycurgu., The which ſo long as they were in force and uſe,
into Sparte. it appeared government of SPARTA ſeemed not. to be. a. policy or Commonweal , but
Place and otder of Religion. | And even. as the Poets feign , that Hercules
ni cruel robbers and unnatural
0.
Theopompus and for proof x + |
words of obey-. yas maintained, e the Kings,C
ing _ com- Citizens can obey well, For men” c y dilda
| —wrep. AMAA ing : So that the faithfull obedience of the ſubjects,
ment breedeth ment of the wiſe Prince : For he that direQeth well, "muſt
due obedience. art of I good rider, is tomake his Horſe gentle, and.
point belonging to a Prince, isto teach his ſubjet
DTT —
Ve
2.73% a
»E
EFEFTERERT AGE
LYCURGVUS.
— —
—— —
procured , that not onely aches pole did whli ply j obey] tied , þur alſo deſired to be ruled and
commanded by them. For they as
number of men of W4t 5 eff buro (EIeY {ent ec Oh” e'df SPARTA to govern
them , to whom all the lm IS aa nn $5 "And ee plpenby him in their necetii-
ty , as tearing and reverencing him. In this wiſe the $1c1114ans were holpen by Gylippxe , the
CHALCIDONIANS by Braſmas , and all the Gxtcians inhabiting As1a, by Ly/ander , Cal-
[scratidus , and by Agefilaws , who were called the reformers and direors of Princes, Peoples and
'rhem , neither Ships" n6r"Money , nor yet did ſend them any
Kings, unto whom they were ſent here and there: but ever they had their eye upon the City of
SPARTA, as upon the moſt perfect pattern to order mans life by , and ro govern a Cormon-
weal after. . To this effe& tended the merry word ſpoken in jeſt by Srratonicu : who ſaid he did
order the ATHENIANS to tend their Sacrifices, and the Er1awns to 'terid their” Games : and if
they nuade any fault therein, the LaczDp&mONIaNs ſhould be well whipped. That was merrily
ſpoken, and ma jeſting manner. But Antiſthenes ( the Philoſopher and one of Focrates Scholats,)
ſeeing the THE BANs grown very haughty and-glorjous , after that they had conquered the La-
CEDAMONIANS wn the journey of LeucTREs : Me thinketh , faith he, theſe Taz p4 ns here
do like the School-boys, which brag and r6joyce , when they have alittle beatentheir Maſter. Bur
this was not Zycurgu meaning , to have.his City to command many. But he'thought the feliciry
of a City , as of 4 private man, confiſted chiefly in the exerciſe of vertue, and in the unity of the
Inhabitans thereof. He framed his Common-wealth to this end, that"his Citizens ſhould be nobly
minded , content with cheir own , and temperate in their doings , that thereby they might maintain
and keep themſelves long in ſafery. The ſelf-ſame intention had Plarc, Diovenes ; and Zenon, in fer-
ting. forth their Books ,, which' they wrote of the Government of Common-wealths : and ſo bad
likewiſe _—— great and learned men which have written of the ſame matter. Howbeit they
onely left behind them words, and written Books z but Lycuroxs contrariwiſe,, -left no written
Books nor Pamphlets , bur. ftabliſhed and left behind him a royall form of Government , which
no man ever before had invented, nor never after coul&be followed, He hath made them plainly ſee a
whole City live together , and govern it ſelf philoſophically , according to the true rules and precepts
of perfe&t wiſdom : which —_—_—_ true wifdom was a'thing ing in the air , and could
not viſibly be ſeen in the World” Whereby he hath worthily excelſed in glory all thoſe, which
ever took upon, hep to write or ſtabliſh the Government of a Common-weal. And therefore
ſaith Ariſtotle, rhar after his death they did him leſs honour in LaczDamoNTa , then he had de-
ſerved : albeit they did him all the honour they poſſibly could deviſe. And yer they built a Temple
for him z and madeſolemn''$acrifice:to himevery year, as unto agod. Moe, they ſay , that when
the-aſhes of ;his body were brougheto Sear a , there fell ſtraight lightning upon his Tomb where
they, were put!,>whiehthey ha& not often ſeen.ro happen to other. men: of name after their deceaſe,
ſaiing. onely :10Qirh&Poer Zxrvpidery, whodyinginMactDON1A, was buried near the Ciry of A-
KzTHUS A, Pheiwhich is ſdmemanifeſt argument z for ſuch as love the Poet , to lay againſt them
that ſomewhat deprivehim', ſeeing: this ſign cameto him after his death', which had happened before
9:2 moſt welbibeloved mar-of theigods.. Someifay ; Lycargus diedinthe Ciry of C1xrHa. But
Apollothemss fans, the: died iwEutOnx, Times and Ariftoxenia write, he ended hisdays in Cz z-
TA. And —_— fairl further}, chat choſe ofthe Ile of CaET'a do ſhew his grave in the place
which they|calkBgrsc ama: ' by the:froad | high-ways fide... 'He'left one onely begotten ſon
tamed- Anrormd who idied te; five, | ſo-that bis houſe and name failed with him; : But his near
Antiſthenes,
Socrates Schoe
lar's words.
The founda:i +
on of a Com+
mon-weal.
Divine honors
to Lycurgus at-
ter his death,
| gf e
kinſwen and farhiliad frichds ,, dabdeiopa-Company or Brotherhood-in memory of tim; which con-"curgu; fon.”
tinyeda lohg/tiine, and che diys wherein they affetnbled , were called the Lycwrgidesi' i There is an-
ether: Ariftorratiz<;the'ſon of 2Hippenchas ) whoTſairh , that he being dead in CxEt A , his friends
burned lis: 9, > 1, yp ew his aſhes into'the Sea, according as he had prayed and re-
queſted them:»;[Foe: he feared , that if any 'parr of! him ſhould at any time have been brought ro
SPARTA, the: Inhabitants would have faid be was:returned againy and thereby would have thought
themſclyes diſcbargtd. of their oath;, and. might bave lawfully alrered-che Laws which be had appoine-
&-- And this the diſcourſe and enpof:-Zyonrgae hike. mitt
» The-end of LycurGus Life.” "yl
m—_
———— A 4
"THE LIFE OF
NUMA POMPILIVS.
A 4 —_—
>
— "»
HE Hiſtoriographers differ marvellouſly! of the time in which Nam
P pp King. , albeit ſome will derive from him many noble
/ | d in Rome, OC ——
}f tuled , The T able of Time, affirmeth, ancient Regiſters ofthe Ci
| of Rox were loſt when it was taken and ſacked bythe Gaurzs z _
that thoſe which are extant at this day be not true, but were only made
! by men deſirous to gratifie ſome., which have thruft in ancient Honles and
nothing. them whom they
pher , et fome ſay he w
yet aatin that it is poſſible enough ,
Whether P all kind of vertye , that he never necded
thagerss had tribute the bonour of the inftruRting
any converſa- excellent then _
tion with Nu- of Name, and W
Pyth ores the
ſecond'a Spar-
him. 'Nevert
ſay are deſcended from the LaczpamON1ans, So it falleth out
hard to agree certainly of the time when N'#me was, and chiefly for ſuch as will follow the roll or
table of thoſe which from Olympiad's ro Olympiad's have won the prizes of games Olympicall :
conſidering the roll or table that they have at cine , was very lately publiſhed by one Hippie
an Elias, who delivereth no reaſon or argument of neceſſity why it ſhould be raken for an undoubt-
ed troth, which he in that ſort hath gathered. Yet we will not leave to put in writing thoſe things
worthy of memory which we could gather by any means of King Nm , beginning at that place
which we thought to be meeteſt, * It was now ſince Ros was built ſeven and thirty years ( for ſo
long time reigned Romnlus ) when Romnlw the fifth of the moneth of 7=ly (which they call the Nones
of the goats ) made a ſolemn facrifice without the City , near to a certain place commonly cal-
The death of 1ed the goat marſh. As all the whole Senate , with the moſt part of the people were at
this ſacrifice , ſuddenly there aroſe in the ayr a very great tempeſt, and a marvellous dark thick
cloud , which fell on the earth with ſuch boiſterous winds , ſtorms, lightnings and thunder , that
the poor common people being afraid of ſo fore a tempeſt , diſperſed elves ſuddenly , run-
| Romulus.
hs —_— — _—
ODOT POSE IS OAT "00- SP5-. 77 2 Ts. Os a,
m—m
NUMA.
ning here and there for ſuccour, and therewithall King Romalws vaniſhed away in ſuch ſort , that he
was never after ſeen alive*nor dead. This brought the Senators and Noblemen whom they called
Patricians , into great ſuſpicion. - And there ran a foul cale among the common people , how they
had long time born very impatiently to be ſubjects to a King , becauſe themſelves would have had
and taken upon them ſome Soveraign authority , and that for this cauſe they had killed King Romnns,
Adding ſomewhat more unto it , how a little beforehe had uſed them more roughly , and command-
ed them more ftraightly then he was wont or accuſtomed. Nevertheleſs = found the means to In the life &f
quench all choſe brutes and murmurings: by doing divine honour and ſacrifice unto him , as one Romizs he is
not-dead , bur paſſed to a better life, To confirm this , one of the nobleſt men among them called 2med Prock-
Proclus came in, and by Oath affirmed before all che people thar he ſaw Romnlzs aſcending up into _ —_—_
Heaven , armed at all peeces , and that he heard a voice ſay , From thenceforth call him ®;rin. Ros
This being thus appeaſed there ſprang up another trouble , ro know whom they ſhould chooſe in choofing of
his place. For the ſtrangers which were come then from other places ro dwell in ROME, were thcir King,
not yet throughly joyned to the naturall born ROMaNes ; Inſomuch as the common people did
not onely waver and ſtagger up and down in opinion ; but the Senatours alſo ( that were many,
and of diyerſe Nations ) did enter into a ſuſpicion 'one of another. *Theſe things notwithſtanding
they all agreed in this, that of neceſſity they muſt chooſe a King ; Howbeit in the reſt they dif-
fered much, nor onely whom they ſhould chooſe, bur allo of what Nation he ſhould be. For
thoſe which were the firſt Founders and Builders of the City of Roxet with Romxl , could in
no wiſe abide nor ſuffer that the SazyNs ( to whom they had divided part of their Lands,
and a moiery. of their City ) ſhould attempt -and preſume to command them whom they did re-
ceive and aſſociate into their company and fellowſhip. The Sa#yns alledged en the other
fide for them , a good reaſon , and ſuch as carried great probability, Which was that never
ſince the death of their King Tatis , they neither had in any thing diſobeyed nor-diſquieted
King -Romeulws, but had ſuftered him to reign wages; and therefore Romxlue being now de-
ceaſed, reaſon would that the New King ſhould be choſen of their Nation. And thar albeit the
ROMANS had received them into their City , they could not fay therefore that in time of this
aſſociation , they were leſs to be reckoned of in any thing then themſclyes. Further they added,
that in joyning with them the Roma ns had - doubly encreaſed their might and power , and
had made a- body! of a people which deſerved the honour and Title of a Ciry; Theſe were the
cauſes of their «contention. But to prevent that of this contention there might grow no confuſion
in the City if ir. ſhould remain without any head to command : The Senators which were a hun-
dred and fifty in number , gave counſel that every one of them by turns , one after another, ſhould
carry the royall ſtate of the King , and all the ſhews and ornaments of his Majeſty, and ſhould do Lizy faith but
the ordinary facrifices of the King , and diſpatch all cauſes fix hours in the day , and fix hours a hundred.
in the night , as the King before had uſed, Thus they thought ir beſt to divide the rule, that one Pionyfius 200
might have as much power as the other , as well in reſpe& of themſelyes as alſo for regard of the _—_— life
people, For they imagined thar the changing and removing thus of this regall dignity, and paſling ,,....1 _
it from man to man, would- clean take away envy among them , and makeevery of them to rule Dionyſus.
remperately , and uprightly. ſee., that in one and the ſelf ſame day and night every of them ſhould
be a King and private perſon alſo. The Roma ws callthis manner of Regiment in vacation Zxtey- Interregnums
regnum , as you would ſay, rule for the time, -Now albeit their government was very modeſt and
civil], yet they could not tor all that keep themſelves from falling into the ſuſpicion and ſlander of
the People 4 who. gave it out ſtraight /, that this was a fine device of theirs , to change by this
means the rule of the Realm into a tew- Noblemens hands, to the end that the whole authority and
government of all /publick caſes ſhould remain Mill in themſelves, becauſe it grieved them to be
lubject to.a King; "And in the'end the rwo parts of the City came ro this agreement , that the one
part ſhould chooſe one of the body of the other 'to be: the King, This yk. they liked very well,
as well for the 'pacification of preſent ſtir and diflention amongſt themſelves , as for procuring
equaliry of affetion-,” and firring up a likeneſs of good-will in the King that thus ——
ſhould be - choſen whereby he ſhould love the one part for that they had choſeri him, and likewiſe
the other part for that he was of their Nation. ' The Say Ns were the firſt which referred the
Eletion'to the ROMA Ns choice ;- and the ROMans thought it betrer to chooſe one of the
Nation of the'SAnYNs |, then to have a ROMa'N choſen by the Sazy ns. After they had con-
ſulted they determined amongſtthemſelyes, and did chooſe N»ma Pc mpilizs one of the body of the |
SABYNS t0 be King, who was none of the number of them which came to dwell at Roms , how- Numz choſen
beit he was-a: mary ſo famous'for his vertue , that che Sa By x'$/fo ſoon as they named him did "5:
receive him/mnore willingly they they who had choſen him: After they had thus publiſhed their Ele-
Ction the firſt/and-chiefeſt; perſons of the one and 'the 'other fide were choſen out tq go. unto. him:
Now Numti Potipilivis Wis bornin-one of the chiefeſt and beſt Cities which the Saz1 ws had, yy born in
called Curej0zyutitteupon the:Rowa ns and their followers the Sa wy ws were called afterward the Ciry of
Lairites , and he was the'Sorr of: Pomponics a Nobleman , the youngeſt of four Brethren - being by Curee.
the ſecret workiig-6fthe gods! borti on the very'day on the which Ro «x was founded by Romnlm , 5 nd
which was the'one and twentieth day: of April. * This man being naturally giten and inclined unto The lit: nd
all vertue, 'did-yet increaſe the ſame by ſtudy, andall kind of good diſcipline , and by the exerciſe taunners of
thereof,” and'of rye patience andright Philoſophy,” he did marvellouſly adorn himſelf and his man- Nun: before
nexs, For © hes did nor onely» clear. his foul and-imind of all paſſions and vices commonly uſed in bis :cign.
the 'world , but he conquered in himſelf all bears , violence and coverouſneſs. And would m_
F 2 InNer
Whether Py.
thagor as had
any converſa-
'THE LIFE OF
NUMA POMPILIVS.
HE Hiftoriographers differ marvellouſly: of the time in which Nam,
XN bouk < in ROME, _—_ ——
IJ The T able of Time , affirmeth, | ancient Regiſters Ci
JAY of Rox were loft when it was taken and ſacked bythe Gaur es "oP
T2258 || that thoſe which are extant at this day benot true, but were only made
r ! by men deſirous to gratifie ſome, which have thruft in ancient Honles and
nothing them whom they
common Opinion be ,
dard, and had fuch
_ the reign
there was another Pytheroras
tion with Nu- of Name , nigh five ages Ho
Olympicall, in che fixreenth
The death of
Romulus.
» where he kept much about
is Realm, By means '
, Which this ſe
it is not confeſſed that N «wa was born of
hard to agree certainly of the time when N»me was , and chiefly for ſuch as will follow the roll or
table of thoſe which from Olympiad's ro Olympiad's have won the prizes of games Olympicall :
conſidering the roll or table they have at this preſent , was very lately publiſhed by one Hippie
an Elias , who delivereth ne reaſon or argument of _— why it ſhould be raken for an undoubt-
ed troth, which he in that ſort hath gathered. Yet we will not leave to put in writing thoſe things
worthy of memory which we could gather by any means of King Nm , beginning at that place
which we thought to be meeteft, * It was now fince Roms was built ſeven and thirty years ( for ſo
long time reigned Rownlus ) when Romnlu the fifth of the moneth of 7=ly (which they call the Nones
of the whe 4g gone a ſolemn facrifice without the City , near to a certain place commonly cal-
led the goat marſh. As all the whole Senate , with the moſt part of the people were t at
this ſacrifice , ſuddenly there aroſe in the ayr a very great tempeſt, and a marvellous dark thick
cloud , which fell on the earth with ſuch boiſterous winds , ſtorms, lightnings and thunder , that
the poor common people being afraid of ſo fore a tempeſt , diſperſed themiclves ſuddenly , run-
va
AU ee I I EEO —
NUMA.
ning here and there for ſuccour, and therewithall King Romulus vaniſhed away in ſuch ſort, that he
was never after ſeen alive'nor dead. This brought the Senators and Noblemen whom they called
Patricians , into great ſuſpicion. - And there ran a foul cale among the common people , how they
had long time born very impatiently to be ſubjects to a King , becauſe themſelves would have had
and taken upon them ſome Soveraign authority , and that for this cauſe they had killed King Romn/ne,
Adding ſomewhat more unto it , how a little before he had uſed them more roughly , and command-
ed them more ftraightly then he was wont or accuſtomed. Nevertheleſs _ found the means to In the life «4
quench all thoſe brutes and murmurings: by doing divine honour and facrifice unto him , as one Romiles be is
nor-dead , bur paſſed to a better life. To confirm this , one of the nobleſt men among them called 22med Prock-
Proclus came in, and by Oath affirmed before all che people thar he ſaw Romn1lxs aſcending up into _
Heaven , armed at all peeces , and that he heard a voice ſay , From thenceforth call him ®@wirinw. Dn
This being thus appeaſed there ſprang up another trouble , ro know whom they ſhould chooſe in choofing ot
his place, For the ſtrangers which were come then from other places ro wel in ROME, were thcir King,
not yet throughly joyned to the naturall born ROMaNnEs , Inſomuch as the common people did
not onely waver and ſtagger up and down in opinion ; but the Senatours alſo ( that were many,
and of diyerſe Nations ) did enter into a ſuſpicion one of another. *Theſe things notwithſtanding
they all agreed in this, that of neceſlity they: muſt chooſe a King ; Howbeit in the reſt they dif-
fered much, not onely whom they ſhould chooſe, but allo of what Nation he ſhould be. For
choſe which were the firſt Founders and Builders of the City of Rout with Romxls , could in
no wiſe abide nor ſuffer that the SazyNs ( to whom they had divided part of their Lands ,
and a moiery. of their City ) ſhould attempt -and preſume to command them whom they did re-
ceive and aſſociate into their company and fellowſhip. The Sav#yns alledged en the other
fide for them , a good reaſon , and ſuch as carried great probability, Which was that never
ſince the death of their King T ati» , they neither had in any thing diſobeyed nor- diſquieted
Kings Romeulus , but had ſuffered him to reign peaceably, and therefore Romalus being now de-
ceaſed, reaſon would that the New King ſhould be choſen of their Nation. And thart albeit the
ROMANS had received them into their City , they could not fay therefore that in time of this
aſſociation , they were lels to be reckoned of in any thing then themſelyes. Further they added,
that in joyning with them the Romans had doubly encreaſed their might and power , and
had made a- body: of a people which deſerved the honour and Title of a Ciry; Theſe were the
cauſes of their -contention. But to prevent that of this contention there might grow no confuſion
in the Ciry if ir. ſhould remain without any head ro command : The Senators which were a hun-
dred and fifty in number , gave counſel that every one of them by turns , one after another, ſhould
carry the royall ſtate of the King , and all the ſhews and ornaments of bis Majeſty, and ſhould do Livy faith bur
the ordinary facrifices of the King , and diſpatch all cauſes fix hours in the day , and fix hours a hundred.
in the night ,' as the King before had uſed, Thus they thought ir beſt to divide the rule, that one Piomfur 200
might have as much power as the other , as well in reſpe& of themſelves as alſo for regard of the on - life
people, For they imagined thar the changing and removing thus of this regall dignity , and paſling breed whdh
it from man to man, would- clean take away envy among them , and makeevery of them to rule Dionyſus.
remperarely , and' uprightly. ſee, that in one and the ſelf ſame day and night every of them ſhould
be a King and private perſon alſo. The Roma ws call this manner of Regiment in vacation [ter Interregnums
regnum , as you would ſay, rule for the time, -Now albeit their government was very modeſt and
civil], yet they could not for all that Joo (ms from falling into the ſuſpicion and ſlander of
the People 4 who gave it out ſtraight /, that this was a fine device of theirs , to change by this
means the rule of the Realm into a tew- Noblemens hands, to the end that the whole authority and
government of all /publick cauſes ſhould remgin till in themſelves, becauſe it grieved them to be
lubject ro.a King; And in the'end the rwo parts of the Ciry came ro this agreement. that the one
part ſhould chooſe one of the body of the other 'to be the King. This _ they liked very well,
as well for the 'pacification of preſent ſtir and diflention amongſt themſelves , as for procuring
equaliry of affetion-, and firring up a likeneſs of good-will in the King that thus indifferent|
ſhould: be / choſet, whereby he ſhould love the one part for that they had choſen him, and likewiſe
the other part for that he was of their Nation. ' The Say Ns were the firſt which referred the
EleQtion "tothe ROMA Ns choice ;- and the ROMans thought it betrer to chooſe one of the
Nation of the'SAnYNs , then to bave a ROMAN choſen by the Samy ns. After .they had con-
ſulted they determined amongſtthemſelves, and did chooſe N»ma Pcmpilizs one of the body of the
SABY NS to be King, who was none of the number of them which came ro dwell at Roms, how- Nums choſen
bei he was-4' man ſo famous for his vertue , that che Sa ny Ns fo ſoon as they named him did king,
receive him/nnore willingly ther they who had choſen him. After they had thus publiſhed their Ele-
Ction the firſt/und-chiefeſ; perſons of the one and 'the 'other fide were choſen out tq go. unto him.
Now Num Por olive was bornin- one of the chiefeſt and beſt Cities which the Saz1 ws had, ary horn in
called Cure#0zywhitteupon/ the:'Rowa xs and their followers the Sa wy ws were called afterward the City of
Lwuirites , and he was the'Sorr of Pomponius a Nobleman , the youngeſt of four Brethren - being by Curee.
the ſecret workilg-&fthe gods! borii on the very'day on the which Ro us was founded by Rom» , ar why
which was the one andrwentieth day: of April. * This- man being naturally giten and inclined unto q,.C1--tt
all vertue, did yet increaſe the ſame by ſtudy, andall kind of good diſcipline , and by the exerciſe wanners of
thercof, and-of trde patience and'right Philoſophy.,- he did marvellouſly adorn himſelf and his man- Nun: before
nexs, For her did/not onely» clear his foul and-mind of all paſſions and vices commonly uſed in bis :<ign.
the 'world , but he conquered in himſelf all bears , violence and coverouſneſs. And would -
F 2 ner
52 N UV M 4,
ther ſeek nor uſurp that which was another mans , a thing at that time honoured among the moſt
barbarous people : but thought that to be the true and right viRory in.man , firſt to conquer
and command himſelf by judgement and reaſon , and then to ſubdue all coyetouſnels and greedi-
neſs. Having therefore this Opinion he would in no wiſe have in his houſe any {upertluity of fine-
neſs, He became to every man that would employ him ( as well ſtranger as his own Countrey-
man ) a wiſe Counſellour and an upright Judge. He beſtowed his leiſure not to follow his own de-
light, or to gather goods together , but to ſerye the gods, and to behold their celeſtiall nature and
power, as much as mans reaſon and underſtanding could comprehend. Thereby he got ſo great a name
; ... and reputation, that T atizs ( which was King of Rox s with Rowslus ) having but one onely daugh-
Tatia the wite |... called Taris, made him bis Son in Law. Howbeit this Marriage put him in no ſuch jollity, that
—__ he would dwell at Roms with his Father in Law , but rather kept at home at his own houle in the
Countrey of the Sazy xs, there to ſerve and cheriſh his old Father with bis wite 7aria; who for
her part alſo liked better to live quietly with her husband being a private man , then to go to RO» s
where ſhe might have lived in mach honour and glory , by means of the King her Father, She died as
it is reported 13 years after ſhe was married : After her death Ns leaving to dwell in the City,
was better contented to live in the Countrey alone , and ſolitary , and gave himſelf ro walk much mn
the fields and woods conſecrated to the gods , as one deſirous of alone lite , far from the company of
men. Whereupon was raiſed ( in my opinion ) that which is ſpoken of him, and of the goddeſs Ege-
ria: That it wasnot for any ſtrangeneſs or melancholineſs of nature , that Nama withdrew him-
ſelf from the converſation and company of men, but becauſe he had found another more honourable
and holy ſociety of the Nywph , and goddeſs Egeris, who had done him ( as they ſay ) that honour,
as to make him her EET : with whom as his beloved darling it is ſaid he enjoyed happy daies,
and by daily frequenting of her company , be was inſpired with the love and knowledge of all cele-
Nums conver- ftj41| things. Surely thele devices are much like unto certain old Fables of the Phrygjans , which they
_ _ —_- having learned fromthe Father to the Son, d6 love to tell of one Agss , of the Birhyn;axs, of one
Exeria Herodotus ; of the ARCADIANS, of one Endymion , and of many other ſuch like men, who in
their lives were taken for Sgints and beloved of che gods, Notwithſtanding it is likely that the gods
loye neither birds , nor hoxſe, but men, and haye ſometimes a liking to be familiar with perfe&t good
men , and do not diſdain ſometimes the converſation of ſuch as be holy , religious , and devout. But
tg beleeve the gods haye carnall knowledge, and do delight in the outward beauty of creatures , that
ſcemeth ro carry a very hard belief, Yet the wiſe AGyPT1ANs think it probable enough and like-
\ ly tharthe Spirit of the gods hath gwen original of generation to women, and do beget fruit of their
_— familiar bodies ; howhbeit they hold that a man can haye no corporall company with any divine nature. Where-
246 in they do not conſider , that every thing that joyneth together doth deliver again alike ſubſtance to
that werewith ir was joyned. This notwithſtanding, it is meet we ſhapld beleeve the gods bear good
will to men, and that of it doth ſpring their love, whereby men ſay, the gods love thoſe whoſe
manners they purifie and inſpire with vertue. And they do not offend which feign that Phorbas, Hya-
cynthys and Admetus were ſometimes the lovers of Apollo , and alſo Hypolitms the S1crYoNn1ay :
of whom they report , that eyer when he paſſed over the arm of the Sea which lieth between the
Cities of $1cyONa and of C1RRHa , thegod which knew he came, rejoyced, and cauſed Pythis
the Propheteſs to pronounce theſe Heroical Verſes : | |
1 know full Well my gear Hypelitus
Returnes by Sea, my mind divineth thys. yy
It is ſaid alſo that Pas was in loye with Pindaru and his Verſes, and that the godshonoured the
Who ace 4 Poets Heſiodus and Archilcews, afer their death , by the Muſes. They {ay moreover that s/E/cu/apine
wh lay with Sophocles in his lifetime , and atthis day they do yet ſhew mapy tokens thereof ; and after
gods. : BT | WOO 3
his death another god ( as it is reported ) made him to be hanourably, buried. Now if they grant that
ſuch things may be true, how can we refuſe to beleeve, that ſome gofls have been familiar! with Za-
lencus, Miros, Zoroaſtes , Lycarguy, Numa , and ſuch other like perſonages,, which baye governed
Kingdoms and fſtabliſhed Common-weals ? And .it is not unlike that the gods indeed did | compan
with them, to inſpire and teach them many notable things , ang that zhey did draw-near unto thoſe
Poets and plaiers of the harp that made and applied many dokefull an joyſull Ditzes , ar the leaſt for
their ſport and pleaſure onely , if ever they came. nearthem, Nevertheleſs if any; mani be of other
opinion, the way is open and large , as Bacchyliges ſaid , to think and ſay as he luſt, For-my ſelf, I do
find that which is written of | Lycargus. Nama, and other ſuch perſons; not to be without likelihood
and probability., who,having ro.govern rude,churliſh, and ſtiff-necked people, and, purpofing to bring
in ſtrange novelties, into the governments of their Countreys,did feign wiſely to have conference with
the gods, conſidering this feigning fel} to be profitable and beneficiall tg, thoſe themſglves ;- whom they
- « ww and made to beleeye the ſame, But to return to our Hiſtory - Nxm4 was. forty years. 01d when the. Am-
ho - - _— baſſadors of Roms were ſent to pxefent the Kingdom unto him, , andto entreat him to accept there-.
offer Numa the Of, Proclus and Veleſu were the Ambaſſadors that-were ſent. One of the which the. people looked
Kingdom. ſhould haye. been choſen for King , becauſe thoſe of R»wx/us ſide did fayour much. Proclys, and thoſe
of T atius part favoured Yeleſus. Now they uſed no long ſpeech unto him , becauſe they chought he
would haye been glad of ſuch a great good fortune, ' But contrarily it was, indeed a, very hard thing ,
and required.great. perſwaſions, and much entreaty, to move a man which had always lived quietly and
at eaſe, to accept the regiment of a City , which as a. man would ſay had-been raiſed-up and grown by
wars. and martiall deeds, Wherefore he anſwered them inthe preſence of bis Father; and another of
his
Sn” foros OO O0n'Deu i 424 _Q —* 1* Pins \f > > TY *% pw 7% _ VM wy WP
NUMA.
— — —————— ———
— —
hn. — — —
73
his kinſmen called Martizs in this ſort : Change and alteration of -mans life is ever dangerous ; but The Oration
for him that lacketh nothing neceſſary , nor hath cauſe to complain of his preſent ſtate , it is a great
folly to leave his old acquainted Trade of life, and to enter into another new and unknown WO
there were no other but chis/onely reſpect, that he leaverh a certainty to venture upon uncertainty,
However there is further matrer in this, that the dangers and perils of this Kingdom which they
offer me, are not altogether uncertain , if we will look back what happened unto R:malizs, who
was not unſuſpeed to have laid wait ro have had Tatins his Fellow and Companion murthered.
And now after Rmwlzs Death , the Senators ſelves are miſtruſted to have killed him on the other
fide by Treaſon , And yet they ſav it, and fing it every where , that Romuls was the Son of a god,
thar at his Birth he was miraculoully- preſerved , and afrerwards he was as incredibly brought up :
Whereas for my own patt, I'do confeſs , I was begotten by a mortal man, and was foſtered,
brought up, and taught by men, as you know-: And theſe few qualities which they praiſe and com-
mend in me , are conditions: far unmeert for a man that is to reign. I ever loved a ſolitary lite,
quiet and ſtudy , and did exempt my elf from worldly cauſes. All my life time 1 have ſought and
loved peace above all things ,:and never had to do with any wars. My converſation hath been
tro company with men which meer onely to ſerve and honour the gods, or to laugh and be merry
one with another , or elſe rs ſpend their rime in their private affairs , or otherwiſe ſometime to a:-
rend their paſtures and feeding' of their cattel]. Whereas Romalus ( my ROxa x Lords ) hath lett
you many- wars begun , which peradventure you could be contented to ſpare, yet now to main-
rain the ſame, your city had need of a marriall King , active, and ſtrong of body. Your people
moreover , through long cuſtom , and the greatincreaſe they are- grown unto by tears of Arms ,
defire nought elſe perhaps bur wars , and it is plainly een they ſeek ſtill to grow , and com-
wand their Neighbours: So that if there were no other conſideration in it , yet were it a meer
mockerie for me to go teach a City at this preſent to ſerve the gods, ro love Juſtice , to hate
wats, and to fly violence ; when it rather hath-need of a conquering Caprain , 'then of a peaceable
King. Theſe and ſuch other like Reaſons-and Perſwaſions N «ma alledged, to.diſcharge himſelf of
the Kingdom which they offered him. 'Howbeit' the Ambaſſadors of the Roa xs moſt humbly
beſought and prayed him with all inſtance poſſible, thathe would not be the cauſe of another new
ſtir and commotion among them, ſeeing both parts inthe;City have. given their conſent and liking
ro him alone , and none other to be their'Kin#: Moreover, when the Embaſſators had left him up-
on this Suit, his Father and Aarti his kin{man', began alfo privately to perſwade him , that he
ſhould not refuſe ſo good and godly an offer : And albeit he was corttented with his preſent tate x
and deſired to be no richer then he was, ftor coveted no» Princely honour nor glory , becauſe he
ſought onely moſt famous vertue ; yer he muſt reds think that to rule well, was to do the gods
good ſervice , whoſe will it was to employ the juſtice they knew inhim , and not to ſuffer it ro be adle,
Refuſe not therefore ( quoth they ) this royal dignity , whiclt to a grave and wile man isa goodly
field , to bring forth many commendable works and fruits. Thefe you may do noble ſervice to the
gods, to humblethe hearts of rheſe martiall people, and to bring them ro be holy and religious ,
for they readily turn, and eafily conform themſelves unto the pature -of their Prince. They dearly
loved T atixs although he was-a- ſtranger : they have conſecrated a memory to Romulus with divine
honours , which they make unto him at this day. And it may be that the people ſeeing themſelves
conqueruurs will be full enough of wars, and the ROMA Ns being now full of ſpoils and triumphs ,
will be glad to have a gentle Prince, and one that loved juſtice , that they may thenceforth live in
peace under good and holy Laws. And yer if it be otherwiſe that their hearts be ſtili full ofhear and
fury to fight , Is it not better to-turn this their deſire ro make wars ſome other way , when a man
hath the bridle in his own hands todo it, and to be a mean in the mean time to joyn the Countrey,
and all the Nations of the Say xs in perpetual love and amity , with ſo mighty and flouriſhing a
City ? Beſides all theſe perſwaſions and reaſons there were many l1gns allo ( as they ſay ) which pro-
miied him good luck , together with the earneſt affe&ion and liking of his own Countrey Citizens ;
Who ſo ſoon as they underſtood the coming,and' commiſſion of the Ambaſſadours of Roe , they
importunately deſired him- to go thither , and to accept the offer of the Kingdom, that he might
of Numa to
the Ambaſſa-
dors, retufing
to be King,
more ftraghtly unite and incorporate them together with the x0Ma ns. Whereupon Nama ac- ,;,,.. 1.vin-
cepted the Kingdom. Then after he bad done (acrifice to the gods, he ſer forwards on his journey neth his King-
towards Roms , where the people and Senate went out to meer him with wondertull defire ro ſee dom with the
him. The women at his etry went bleſling of him and ſinging of his praiſes, They did facrifice (ervice of the
for him in all the Temples of the gods. There was neither man nor woman bur ſeemed to be as 9***:
joyfull and glad as if a new Realm and not a new Kang, , had been come to the City of Rows.
Thus was he brought with this open joy and rejoycing unto the Market-place , where one of
the Senators, which at that rime was regent , called Sp#rizs Vertis , made them pronounce his
open Eletion, and ſo by one conſent he was choſen King , with all the voices of the people. Then
were brought unto him the tokens of honour and digniry of the King. But he himſelf command-
ed they ſhould be ſtaied a while, ſaying , he muſt be confirmed King by the gods : Then he
rook the Wiſemen and Prieſts with whom he went up into the Capitol}, which at that time was
yet called Mount Ta-peian: And there the chiefeſt of the Soothſayers called 4gxres turned him
towards the South , having his face covered with a veil , and ſtood 'behind him laying his right
Numi was
hand upon' his head , and praying to the gods that it would pleaſe them to declaretheir wills by (cred by
fiying of birds , or ſome other token concerning this Election , and ſo the Soothſayer caſt his = the Augures.
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che market-place , although then an infinite number of people were afſembled there rogether , artend-
ing with great devotion what the iſſue of this divination would be , untill there appeared unto them
on the right hand, good and lucky birds , which did confirm the eleQtion, Then Numa putting on
his _ robes, came down from Mount Tarpejan into the market-place , where all the people
received him with wonderfull ſhouts of joy , as a man the moſt holy and beſt beloved of the gods ,
that they conld have choſen. So having taken the Royal Seat of the Kingdom , his firſt At was
| this, That he diſcharged the of the three hundred Souldiers which Rom#1us had always abour
The guard of his perſon, called Ce/eres , ſaying , He would not miſtruſt them which truſted him, neither would he
Celeres dil- heKing over people which ſhould miſtruſt him. His ſecond At was , that he did add to the two
= "_y by Priefts of 7upiter and Mars , 2 third in the honour of Romwalus who was called Flamen Quirinalss,
| Ouiri- For the ancient Roma ns alſo called their prieſts inſtituted in the old time , Flamines , by reaſon
nalj; inſtituted of Certain little narrow hats which they wear 'on their heads , as if they had called them Pilamines :
of Numa. for Pilos in Greek ſignifieth a hat. And at that time ( as they ſay ) there were many more Greek
words mingled with the Latin , then there are at this day. For they called the mantles the Kings
did wear Lanas. And Faba faith, that it is the very ſame which the Gxzcrans call Chlzxz, and
that the young boy which was a ſervant inthe Temple of Jupiter , was called Camilas , as ſome of
: the Gxecrans do yet call the. god Mercury, becauſe he is ſervant of the gods, Now Num: ha-
ſuns - mf ving done theſe things at his firſt entry into his Kingdom , ſtill ro win further favour and good will of
quiet life. = The people, began immediately to frame his Citizens to a certain civility, being as iron wrought to ſoft-
Plaro de Rep. neſs, and brought them from their violent and warlike deſires to temperate and civil: manners : For
lib, 2. out of doubt Roz was properly that which Plato aſcribeth to a City full of trouble and pride.
For firſt it was founded by the moſt couragious and warlike men of the world , which from all parts
were gathercd there together in a moſt deſperate boldneſs, and afterwards it encreaſed and grew
ſtrong by arms and continual wars , like as piles driven into the ground , which the more they are
rammed in , the further they enter, and ſtick the faſber, Wheretore Y«mg judging it no ſmall nor
light entexpriſe, to pluck down the haughty ſtomacks of ſo fierce and violent a _— , and to frame
them unto a ſober and quiet lift , did (eem to work it, by means of the gods, with drawing them on
thereto. by little and little , and pacifying of their hot and fierce courages to fight , with Sacrifices ,
Feaſts , Dancings , and common Proceflions , wherein he celebrated ever himſelf. In the which, to-
Sher with their devotion, there was wingled now and then paſtime and pleaſure, and ſometimes
e laid the terrour and fear-of the gods betoxe their eyes, making them beleeve that he had ſeen
mm Viſjons , or that he-had heard Voices, by which the gods did threaten them with ſome great
troubles and plagues , alwaies to. pull down and tumble their bearts unto the fear of the gods. This
was the cauſe why they thought afterwards that he had.learned his wiſdom of Pyrhagoras the Phi-
loſopher , becauſe the greateſt part of the Philoſophy of the one , and of the government of the
Nuns and Py- other, conſiſted in ſuch Ceremonies and divine Studies.; They report alſo that Nama did put on the
outward ſhew and ſemblance of 4 ac s, "ho holineſs , as wy his intention and example. For
thagoras Inſti- -
turions much Pythagoras ( as they ſay ) made an Eagle fo tame and gentle , that ſhe would ſtoopand come down to
alike, him by certain voices, as ſhe flew in the air over hig head ; And. that paſſing through the Aſſem-
bly of the games Olympical , he ſhewed ber thigh of gold, and many other pretty feats and deeds
they tell lo » Which ſeemed to be wonderfull , and for which 7m Phiiafian bath written theſe Ver
of him:
Pythagoras which loved to dell in dignity ,
And hath an heart to glory bent,and paſt in policy.
Much like a man which ſought, by charming toenchaant ,
Did uſe this art, to Win mens minds, Which unto him did haunt :
Hu grave and pleaſant rongue, wn ſugred ſpeech did flow ,
Whereby he drew moſt minds of men, to bent of his own bow.
Even ſo the feigned fable of Nama , which he ſo cpningly diſguiſed , was about the love of a god-
deſs, or ſome Nymph of the Mountain : with whom he ſeemed to have certain fecret meetings and
talk, whereof we have ſpoken before, And it is ſaid , he much frequented the Muſes in the woods.
For he would ſay, he had the moſt part of his revelations of the Muſes, and he taught the Romans
ro reverence one of them above all the reſt, who was called T acira, as ye would ſay, Lady Silence.
ſhioved Traces If feemeth he invented this, after the example of Pyrhagoras, who did {o ſpeciatly command and re-
onefthe commend filence unto his Scholars. Again , if we conſider what Nama ordained concerning Images,
Muſes. and the repreſentation of the gods , it is altogether agreeable unto the doctrine of Pythagoras : who
Pythagors thought that God was neither ſenſible nor morrall , bur inviſible, incorruptible, and onely intelligible.
_— his And N»ma did forbid the ROMans alſo to beleeve, that God hath ever form or likeneſs of
Mm Glen. beaſt or man, Sothat in thoſe former times, there was in Rows no Image of God , either painted
Pythagors @©r graven: and it was fromthe beginning a hundred threeſcore and ten years, that they had builc
opinion of Temples and Chappels unto the gods in ROME , and yet there was neither Piture nor Image of God
od, within them, For they took it at the firſt for a ſacriledge, to preſent heavenly things by earthly
Numa torbad {rms , ſeeing we cannot poſſibly any way attain to the knowledge of God , but in ind and un
Images of God » . . y q
ai derſtanding. The very Sacrifices which N«m4a ordained , were altogether agreeable and like unto
the manner of ſerving of the Gods, which the Pythagorians uſed. For in their Sacrifices hey ſpilc
not the bloud , but they did theirs commonly with a little Meal , a little ſhedding of Wine and Milk,
and
\
—— — --
N UMA. 55
and with ſuch other light things. Such as affirm that thoſe cwo men did mnch company and were
familiar together , do lay further proofs and > for the ſame. The firſt is this : tha the proof; for rhe
ROMANS did make Pythagoras a free-man of the Ciry of ROME , as Epicharmus the Comicall Poet converfation
an ancient Writer ( and ſometimes one of Pyrbagorgs Scholars ) ſaich in a Book he wrote and dedi. of Num and
cated unto Antenor, The other proof is : that Nama having had four Children , called one of Pyinagorih,
them IMamercus , after Pyrhagoras Sons Name , from whom , they ſay, is deſcended the houſe of
the e£ mi/24x5, which is the Nobleſt of the Parricians : For the King gave him the Name e/E£mj-
lins , becauſe of his ſweet tongue and pleaſant voice, 'Furthermore , I my ſelf have heard ſay many
times in ROMs, that the Romans having received an Oracle , which commanded them to ſet up
Images in their City, r0 the wiſcſt and valianteſt man that ever was among the GRzc1Aws, cauſed
two Statues of Braſs to be. ſet up m1heir marker-place , the one of Pythagoras , the other of Alci-
biades. Howbeit to-ſtrive about this matter any further , ſeeing there are ſo many doubts , rhe think-
eth it were but vain, Moreover they attribute to N-wa, the firſt eretion of the Colledge Ponti-
ficall : and ſay, he himſelf was the firſt _— that ever was, Burt touching the Name of Ponesfex , Nimne inititu-
ſome will ſay they were ſo called , becauſe they chiefly were ordained and appointed for the ſervice —__ _
of the Almighty : for this word Potens in the ROMAN tongue , betokeneth mighty. Other Ou SIM
think this Name was given to them by their founders, as to exempt perſons out of the world : who ;
enjoyned them to do al} their fervice and ſacrifices to the gods they could poſſibly,and yet norwith-
ſanding, if they had any other lawfull let or impediment thereof, they were not ſtraight condemned
for omuting-.the ſame. Howbeit the moſt part do bring our another derivation'of this Name , where-
in me thinks there is lirtle reaſon, As that they ſhould be called Pont fices , becauſe they had the
charge and maintenance of the Bridge, For that which the GRzcians call Gephyran , the
LaTtiNEs call Pomiew , thatis, a Bridge. And to fay truly , the charges of repairing the Bridge ,
belongeth to the Biſhops : as well as the keeping of the moſt holy and unchangeable Ceremonies.
For the Romans thought it not onely a thing unlawfull , but rook it for a moſt damnable and
wicked aR, ro deſtroy or break the Bridge of wood , which was onely joyned together ( asthey ſay )
with pins of wood, and without any Iron atall,, by the Commandment of anold Oracle, Bur the
ſtone Bridge was built long time atter the Reign of Nama , and in the time of the Reign of his The wooden
Nephew arrms. Now firſt and chiefelt of theſe Biſhops , which they call the great Ponz;- Bridge at Rom:
fex , bath the place, Authority , and Dignity of the High-prieſt and Maſter of their pontificall The high —_
Law : who ſhould be carefull , not only about all publick ſacrifices and Ceremonies , but alſo
about fuch as were: private, and to ſee that no man privately ſhould break the ancient Ceremonies ,
nor bring in any new thing into Religion, but rather every man ſhould be taught by him, how ,
and aiter what ſort he ſhould ſerve and honour the gods, He alſo hath the keeping of the holy
Virgins which they call Yeftales. For they do give A» the firſt foundation and conſecrating of The inſtitution
them , and the inſtitution alſo of keeping the immortal fire with honour and reverence, which theſe of the Veſtal
Virgins have the charge of. Either tor that he thought it meer ro commit the ſubſtance of fire Nuns.
( being purt and-clean ) unto the cuſtody of clean and uncorrupt Maids : or elſe becauſe he thought /®* _—_—
the nature of fire ( which is barren, and bringeth forth nothing ) was fitteſt and moſt proper unto "Oe
Virgins. Forin GREECE, where they kept continual fire likewiſe ( as in the Temple of Ape{s in
DzeLypHoOs , and at ATHENS) the Maidens do not keep the fame, but old Women which are
paſt Marriage. And if this fire chance to fail , as they ſay in ATHEns the holy Lamp was put out
in the time of. the Tyranny of Ar;ft;on : and inthe City of DEL pHOS it was put out , when the
Temple of Apo{o was burnt by the MeDes : and at ROme alfo, in the time of the wars that the
Romans had againſt the King Afirhridates : and in the time of the civil wars, when Altar, fire,
and all were burnt and conſumed together : they ſay that it muſt not be lighted again with other
common. fire , but muſt be made anew , with drawing clean and pure flame from the beams of the
Sun, and that they do in this manner. have a hollow veſſel} made of a piece of a triangle , How the holy
having a corner right , and two fidesalike : fo that from all parts of his compaſs and circumference , fire is drawn
it falleth into one point, Then they ſer this veſſel right againſt the beams of the Sun , ſo that the {*" —_
bright Sun_ beams come to afſemble and gather together in the center of this veſſel] , where they ——_
do pierce the air'ſo ſtrongly , that they ſet it on fire : and when they pur to it any dry matter or
ſubſtance , the fire taketh it ſtraight, becauſe the beam of the Sun , by means of the Rever-
beration , putteth that dry matter into fire , and forceth it ro flame. Some think that theſe Y:fal
Virgins keep no other thing bur this fire , which never goeth out. Other fay , there are other $.. he lite of
Holy things alſo , which no body may lawfully fee but they : whereof we have written more largely camillus
n the life of Camidms, at the-leaſt ſo much as may be learned and rold. The firſt Maidens whic —
were vowed and put into this order of Religion by Numa, were ( as they ſay ) Gegania and Verenia: Vela! Nuns.
and after them, Cannleiaand Tarpeia. Afterwards King Servins increaked the number with rwo — 4
other , and that number of four continueth unto this day. Their rule and order ſet down by King Fats ey
N «ma 'w2s this : that they ſhould vow chaſtity for the ſpace of thirty years, In the firſt ten years Numa. |
they learn what they- have to do : the next ten years tollowing, they do that which they have learn-
ed: and the' laſt ten years, they teach young novices. After they have paffed their thirty years ,
they may lawfully marry if they be diſpoſed , and take them to another manner of life , and leave their
Religion, But as it is reported, there have been very few' of them which have taken this liberty , and
fewer alſo which have joyed after they were profeſſed , but rather have repented themſelves , and
lived ever after a very grievous aud ſorrowfull Life: This did ſo fray the other Y:fals , that they
were
56
N VM 4.
— -
The Veſtals
prerogatiyes.
The puniſh-
ment of the
Veltal Nuns,
The Temple
of Veſta repre-
ſcnteth the 6$-
oure of the
world. .
Where the fire
abideth,
were better contented with their vowed chaſtitje :/ and ſo remained. Virgins , untill akey were old
or elſe died. He gave them alſo great priviledges and prerogarives : as , to make their Will and Tefta-
ment in their Fathers liſe time : to do all things without any Guardian or Cverleer, as Wemen which
have three Children at a Birth. When they go abroad , they- carry Maces bgtore them to honorr
them, And if by chance they. meet any offender.in their. way going to cxecurion , they ave his lite:
howbeit the' profeſſed Yeſtall muſt affirm by Oath, that ſhe mer him unawares , and not of ſet pur-
poſe. If any man preſume under their chair , whereupon they-.are carried through the Cirs, ke
ſhall die for it. Alſo when they themſelves do any fault, they are corrected! by the great Biſhop,
who ſometimes doth whip them naked ( according to the natureand quality: of:their effence ) in a
dark place and under a curten. But ſhe that hath deflowered her Virginity, js buried quick by one
of the gates of the City , which they call Ce/l5na gate : where within the, City there is a Mount of
earth of a good length , andwiththe La T1Ns is ſaid to be raiſed Under this forced Mount , they
make a little hollow vault , and leave a hole open, whereby one may go down : and- within it there 1s
ſet alittle bed, a burning Lamp, and-ſome viRuals to ſuſtain life: withall, As a lute Bread, a little
Water, a little Milk, and a little Oyl , and that for Honours ſake; to the end-they would-not be
thought to famiſh a body to Death , which had been conſecrated by the moſt Eoly and devout Cere-
monies of the world. This done , they take the offender , and put beriinto a Litter , which they cover
ſtrongly , and cloſe it up with thick leather , in ſuch ſort , that no: body can {6 nwch as hear her
voice , and ſo they carry her thus ſhut up through the market-place. Every. one draweth back,
when they ſee this Litter afar off, and do give it place to paſs by ; and then tollow it mourningly
with heavy looks, and ſpeak never a word, They-do nothing in the City more fearfull to ;bes
hold, then this: neither is there any day wherein the people are more ſorrowfull, then on ſuch a
day. Then after ſhe is come to the place of this vault, the Sergeants ſtraight unloſe theſe faſt bound
Coverings ;- and the chief Biſhop after he hath made certain ſecret prayers unto; zhe./gods , and lift
his hands up to Heaven , raketh out of the Litter the condemned. Yeftal/ , muttted: up cloſe , and ſo
putteth'her upon the Ladder , which conveyeth her down into the vault, That done: 5 he with-
draweth, and all the Prieſts with him : and when, the filly oftendour is gone down; they ſtraight
pluck up the Ladder , and caſt abundance of earth in at the open hole , ſo that they-fill ir up tothe
very top. of the Arch; And' this is the puniſhment of the Y/eftals which defile -4heir Virginicy.
They think alſo it was N«ma..that built the round. Temple'of the goddefs Yef a, 'in which 1s kept
the everlaſting fire : meaning to repreſent not the form of the earth, which they ſay js Feta, tur the
figure of the whole world , im the middeſt whereof ( _—_ to the Pythagorenns:0pinion) remain-
eth the proper ſeat and abiding place of fire , which they call Yea, and name it the Unity. For
they are of Opinion , neither that the Earth is unmoveable, nor yer that it is fer inthe middeſt of
the world , neither that the Heaven goeth about it : bur ſay to the contrary , that the Earth hangeth
in the air about the fire , as about the center thereof. Neither will they grant , thatthe Earth is one
of the firſt and chiefeſt parts of the world : as Plato held Opinion in that age ,.the Earth was in
another place then the very middeſt , and that the center of the world , as the moſt honourableſt
” place, did appertain to ſome other of more worthy ſubſtance then the Earth, Furthermore, the
The manner
of buriall.
Libitina ho-
noured at Fu-
ne:als,
The tim= of
mourning.
Salii, Feciales,
Plutar. Probl.
61.Gell.ljb. 16
cap. 4.
Fcciales called'
Irenopbylaces.
Trenen:2 quar-
rel pacifed
with reaſon
without the
Sword,
Biſhops office was to ſhew thoſe that needed to be taught , all the rites, manners , and cuſtoms of
buriall : whom Nxma taught not to beleeve that there was any corruption or diſhoneſty in burials ,
but rather it was to worthip and honour the gods of the Earth , with uſuall and Honourable
Ceremonies, as thoſe which after their Death receive the chieteſt ſervice of us they can. But above
all other in burials, they did ſpecially honour - the goddeſs called Zib:rina , that is ſaid, the chief
Governour and perſerver of the rites of the Dead : or be it Proſerpina , or Vena, as the moſt Learned
men among the Romans do judge , who not without cauſe do attrikute the C1der of the begin-
ning and end of mans Life , to one ſelf God , and power Divine, Nma Ordained alſo , how long
time every body ſhould Mourn in black, . And fora Child from three years to ten years of age,
that died : he Ordained they ſhould mourn no more moneths then i had lived years , and not to
add a day more. For he commanded, that the longeſt time of Mourning ſhall be but ten moneths
onely , and ſo long time ar the leaſt he willed the Women ſhould remain widows,after the deceaſe
of their Husbands : or elſe ſhe that would Marry within that, time , was bound by his Order to
ſacrifice a whole Bullock. Numa alſo ereted many other Orders of. Prieſts : of two ſorts whereof
I will only make mention. The one ſhall be the Order of the SAaL11 , and the other of the
FFCIALES : for me thinks , both the dne and the- other doth manifeſtly ſhew the great holineſs,
and ſingular devotion which he had in himy*The Fec1arts are properly thoſe , which the Gx x-
CIANS call IRENOPHYLACES ,as who would ſay, peace-keepers., And. in my judgement , they
had their right Name according to their Office, -becauſe they did' pacifie quarrels with reaſon by
way of Order , and did not ſuffer (as much as in them lay ) that any matter ſhould be tried by vio-
lence, untill they were paſt all hope of any peace. For the GRec1Aans call it properly Jrenes,
when both parcies agree, and decide their controverſie with reaſon, and not with ſword. Even (0
thoſe which the ROMans called the Fecsi/es , went many times in perſon to thoſe that did the
RomaANS injury , and ſought to perſwade them with good reaſon, to keep promiſe with the
Romans, and to offer them no wrong, But if they would: not yeeld to reaſon whom they
ſought to perſwade , thenthey called the gods to the witneſs thereof, and prayed them, that if they
did not moſt earneſtly incenſe” the Romans , to purſue that moſt juſtly appertained unto their
right , that all evils and miſchiefs of the wars might fall upon themſelves and on their Countrey.
' This
*s«_. * AS, 5 _ac-; Tr, bo
my
QA ww =
a
[__—
ND M A. 57.
—
un ———
This done, they did threaten open wars againſt ſuch enemies, And if the Fsc1ar ts would not
conſent to open wars, and did-happen to ſpeak againſt thera , it was not lawfull in that caſe, nei-
ther for private perſon , nor for the King himſelf co make any wars : But like a juſt Prince, he
muſt have leave by their ſufferance to make the wars. Then did he conſider and conſult , by what
means he might beſt procure ad proſecute the ſame. Concerning this matter, they judge that the
il hap which came 40 the ROMANS , when the City of ROME was taken and ſacked by the
GauLEs, chanced juſtly for breaking of this holy inftitution. For at that time the barbarous peo-
ple beſieged the Ciry of the CLus1N1awns : aud Gabixe Ambnſtus was ſent Ambaſſador unto
them, to ſee if he could make peace between them. The barbarous people gave him an ill anſwer :
whereupon Fabixs thinking his embafſie bad been ended , and. being ſomewhat hot and raſh in de-
fence of the Crus1N1ANs , gave defiance to the valianteft Gaurts there , to fight with bim
man toman. Fortune favoured him ia this challenge , for he ſlew the Gaur x, and ſtripped him
in the field. The Gaurzs ſeeing their man (lain, ſent immediately an Herald to RomE to accuſe
Fabius , how againſt all right and reaſon he began wars with them, without any open Proclamation
made before, The Fec1ALs being then conſulted with thereabourt , did declare , he ought to be
delivered into the hands of the GauLEzs , as one that had broken the Law of Arms, and had de-
ſerved it : but he made friends to the people which favoured him very much , and by their means
eſcaped his delivery and puniſhment: Nevertheleſs , the GauLEs within ſhort time after, came
before Rows with all their power , which they took , ſacked and burnt every whit, ſaving the Ca- Rome taken by
picoll, as we. have written more amply in the life of Cawil/zs. Now concerning the Prieſts that = Gas.
were called Sali, they ſay he did inſtitute them upon this occaſion : In the eight year of his raign , 7;;.. C-
there came a peſtilent diſeaſe through all Italy , and at the length ir crept alſo into Rome : Whereat The Inflitu-
every man being greatly afraid anddiſcouraged , they ſay there fell from Heaven a Target of Cop- tion of the
per, which lighted between the hands of Nama. They tell hereof a wonderfull tale , whicti the _ :
King himſelf affirmed he heard of che yoows Egeria , and the Aſ#ſes , to wit , that this Target was "_ ——= _
ſent from Heaven, for the health and preſervation of the City : and therefore he ſhould keep i
carefully, and cauſe eleven other to be caſt and made, all like unto the ſame in faſhion and greatneſs,to
theend that if any would enterpriſe to ſteal it, be ſhould nor know which of themrto take for the right
Target. Moreover he ſaid , he was commanded to conlecrate the placeto the Aſſes ( in the which
he did oftentimes company with them ) and alſo the fields which were near thereabouts : and like-
wiſe to give the Fountain that ſprang in that place , unto the Veſals profeſſed , that every day
they might draw water at that Well, to waſh the Sanctuary of their Temple. The ſucceſs hereof
proved his words true , for the fickne(s ceaſed incontinently. So he aſſembled all the chief Craft(-
menthen in Rome, to prove which of them would take upon him to make one like unto that. Every
wan deſpaired to perform it. Howbeit one called Vetwrizs Mamyring ( the excellenteft Workman
that was in thoſe days ) did make then all ſo ſuit-like , that Nama himlelf did not know the firſt
Target, when they were all laid together : So be ordained the Prieſts Fa/z; , to have the cuſtody of Whereot they
theſe Targets , to ſce them ſafe kepr, They were called $a{5; , not after the name of Saljay born ** <alie6
in SAMOTHRACIA , or in MANTINEA , as {ome baveuntruly alledged , who firſt invented the _
manner of dancing all armed : but they were ſo called ,- of their faſhion and manner of dancing and
leaping. For inthe Moneth of Aſarch, they go skipping and leaping up and down the Ciry with
thoſe Targets on. their arms , apparelled in:red Caffocks without fleeves, and girded about with
broad leather {word girdles , ſtudded with Copper, having Helmets of Copper on their heads, and
friking upon their Targets with ſhort Daggers, which they carry in their hands. Moreover, all their
dancing confiſterh ip moying of their feet ; for they handle them finely , making turnes above ground |
and beneath, with a ſudden meaſure, and a marvelloys force of agility. They call theſe Targets An- Anqliontieres
y/ia , becauſe of their faſhion , which is nor altogether compaſs : for they are nor all round as other © —_—
common Targets be, but they are cut with circles wreathed about , both the ends bowing in many
tolds , and one {0 near another , that altogether they come to a certain wreathed form , which
the GREC1ANS call Axcylon. Or elſe theyare ſo called , becauſe Axcon ſignifieth an elbow, upon
which they carry them. All theſe derivations are written in the Hiftory of J«ba, who in any caſe will
have this word Azcy/i2 to be drawn out of the Greek tongue. And 'it may be alſo they were ſo cal-
led , becauſe the firſt came from above , which the Gxtc1A Ns call Anccather : or elſe for healing
the fick , which is called Aces :. or ele for ceaſing of the dryneſs , which in Greek is called A»ch-
mos Lyſis: or for the —_ all diſeaſes andevils , for which cauſe the ATHzn1ans call Caſtor
and Pollnx , Anaca : if they luſt to givethis word his derivation from the Greek tongue. "Now the
reward which Mamyrixs the Gold(mith had for making of theſe Targets was,that the Sali; unto this
day do make mention of him in-their Song , which hey ling going through the City, and dancing of
their dance all armed , Howbeir fome think they ſay not Yerrins Afamnrins , but veterem memo» Regia the
ziaw, ancient memory. But-N+waafter hehad ardained and inſtituted theſe orders of Prieſts, built N"S* PaMce-
bis. Palace near unto the Temple of Feſta , which holderh his Name Regia at this day , that is to ſay,
the Kings Palace : In which he remained moſt parr of his life , ſtudying either to ſacrifice rothe Far £
or 10 teach the Prieſts. whar they ſhould do , or how with them he ſhould beſt contemplate all hea- The manner
vently things. Iz is true that he had another houſg onthe bill., which they call at this day, 2wirinall , ® = Romans
the place whereof is yet to be ſeen, But in all theſe Sacrifices , Ceremonies and Proceſlions of the \j"-FP""S ©
Prieſts., there were always Huſhers that went before , crying to the people, Keep filence, and tend EY
their upon Divine Service. For they fay the #7thagoreax: thought it good, that men ſhould not worſhip
the
58 E: NVMA.
— —_ ————
the gods, nor make prayers to them in paſling by , or doing any other thing : but they thought
The Pythago- meet, that men ſhould of purpoſe go out of their houſes, ro ſerve and pray unto them. Even (6
re King N»m»a thought it not meet , that his ſubje&ts ſhould come to ſee and hear Divine Service neg-
9s "S ligently , as it were for a faſhion, and onely to be rid of it, as heeding another thing : bur he would
OY? have them ſet aſide all other buſineſs , and employ their thoughts and hearts onely upon the prin-
cipall ſervice of Religion and devotion towards the gods. So that during Service time, he would
not have heard any noiſe, any knocking , bouncing , or any clapping , as they commonly hear in
all Artificers ſhops of occupation, whereof at this day they ſee ſome f1gns and tokens remaining in
Hocage, a their Sacrifices at ROME. For all the time che Auger beholdeth the fiying of the Birds , or that he
watchword to is doing any Sacrifice , the Vergers cry aloud , Hoc age, which meaneth , Tend this. Andit isa
tend divine warning to thoſe that are preſent, to call their wits home, and to think on that which is in hand,
The En: Alſo thereare many ofhis Orders like the Precepts of the Pythagoreans : For as they did warn men,
welds of Num, Dot to fit upon a little buſhell , not to cut fire with a Sword , not to look behind them when they
and Pythazoras £0 abroad : to facrifice to the Cceleſtial gods in odd number , and to the gods of the Earth in an
even number , of which Precepts they would not have the common people to have any knowledge
or underſtanding. Even ſothere are many Inſtitutions of Nxma , the reaſons whereot are hidden
and kept ſecret: as not to offer Wine to the gods of the Vine never cut, and not to facrifice unto
them without Meal : and to turn a turn about when they do reverence to the gods, and to fir
down after they have worſhipped them. And as touching the two firſt Ordinances, it ſeemeth thar
by them he di recommend clemency and humanity, as being a part of the devotion towards the
gods, Bur as for the turning which he willeth them ro make that worſhip the gods, they ſay it pre-
ſenteth the turning which the Element maketh by his moving. But methinketh w ſhould rather come
of this : for that the Temples being ſer to the Eaſt, he chat worſhippeth entring into the Temple, ſhew-
erh his back to the Weſt , and for this cauſe turneth towards that part , and afterwards returneth
again towards God , doing the whole turn, and ending the conſummation of his Prayer , by this
double adoration which he maketh before and behind. Unleſs peradventure that he meant ſecret-
ly to fignifie , and give chem to underſtand by this turning and changing of their look, that which
the &6YeT1AaNs figured by their wheels ; in ſhewing thereby , that theſe worldly things were
never conſtant and in one ſtate ;-and therefore , that we ſhould rake it thankfully , and patiently
bear it , in what ſort ſoever it pleaſed God to change or alter our life : And where he commanded
that they ſhould fir after they had worſhipped God : they faid it WAS 4 token of a good hope unto
them that prayed that their prayers ſhould be exalted , and that their goods ſhould remain ſafe ,
and ſtick by them. Other ſay, that this eaſe and fitting , is a ſeparating them from doing : and
therefore he would they ſhould fit in the Temples.of the gods , to ſhew they had done that which
they had in hand before , to the end to take of the gods the beginning of another. And it may well
be alſo that it was referred to the thing we ſpake of a little before : that Nama would accuſtom
his people , not to ſerve the gods , nor to ſpeak to them at all, as they paſſed by , or did any
other thing , or were in haſte : but would have them pray unto the gods when they had time and
By whatmeans leiſure, and all other buſineſs ar'thar time ſer apart. By this good inſtruction training them
Numa made unto Religion, the City of Rox by lirtle and little came to'be fo tratable, and had the great '
the Romans power of King Nama in ſuch admiration , thats they took allto be as true as the Goſpel thar he
=_— ſpake, though it had no more likelihood of' troth ,-then tales deviſed of pleaſure. Furthermore ,
She wonders they thought nothing incredible, or unpoſlible © him", if he would haveit. And for proof here-
of Numa. of, there goeth a tale of him, that he having bidden a great - company of the Citizens of Row
Nume's ſpeak- to come and ſup with him , cauſed them to be ferved with plain groſs meat, and in very poor
ing with Fu- 2nd homely veſſels : And when they were ſet ,:and began to fall to their meat , he caſt out words
piter. ſuddenly unto them , bow the goddeſs with whom he accompanied , was come to ee him even at
that inſtant , and that ſuddenly che Hall was richly furniſhed , and the Tables covered with all ſorts
of excellent fine and delicate meats. Howbeit rhis far paſſed all the vanity of lying , which
is found written of him about his ſpeaking with J«pirer. The hill Aventine was not at that time
inhabited , nor incloſed within the walls of Rox n, but was fall of ſprings and ſhadowed groves ,
whither commonly repaired to ſolace themſelves, the rwo gods , Pics and Faunws , which other-
wiſe might be thought two Satyrs, or of the race of the T 5tan5ans : faving it is aid, that they
went through all 1TALy , doing the like wonders and miracles in phyſick , charmes and art ma-
Sick , which they report of thoſe the Grtcrians call 7dees Dattyles. There they ſay that
Numa took them both, having put into the ſpring both Wine and Honey, where they uſed to
drink. * When they ſaw that they were taken, they transformed themſelves into divers forms ,
diſguiſing and disfiguring their naturall ſhape , into many terrible and fearfull fights to behold.
Nevertheleſs in the end, perceiving they were fo. faft , as to. eſcape there was no reckoning : they
revealed unto him many things to come, and taught him the purifying againſt lightening and thun-
der , which rhey make yet at this day with Onions , Hair and. Pilchers. Other ſay , he was not
The purifying taught that by them , bur that they terched __ out of Heaven with their conjuring and ma-
of thunder. * gick ; whereat 7-piter being offended, anſwered iri choler , that he ſhould make it with heads :
But Nama added ſtraight , of Onions : Fupiter replied, of Men. Then Nama asked him again,
ro take a little away ofthe cruely ofthe commandment , - what Hairs ? ?»piter anſwered, quick
Hairs: And N*ma put too Pilchers alſo. And it is reported that this was the goddeſs Everia,
that raught Nama this ſubtilty, This done, Jupiter returned appeaſed : by reaſon whereof the
place
I Ee Eee <0 RAE Oe
g—_—
precepts.
Pics.
*F 451nis.
N UV MA. 59
place was called 7licium. For Jlees in the Greek tongue fignifieth appeaſed and favourable: and
this purifying was afterwards made in that ſort, Thete tales not onely vain, but full of mockery
alſo, do ſhew vs yet plainly the zeal and devotion men had in thoſe times towards the gods, unto
which N,ma throngh cuſtom had won them, And as for Nm himſelf , they fay that he ſo firm-
ly put all his hope and confidence in the help of the gods, that one day when he was told his ene-
mies were in Arms againſt him , he did bur laugh atit, and anſwered, And I do ſacrifice. It is he R
( as ſome fay )) that farft built the Temple to Faith and Terme, and which made the Romans un- a 1
derſtand that the moſt holy and greateft Oath they could make , was to ſwear by their faich , which Faith and
they keep yet. at this day. But Terme which {1gnifierth bounds , is the god of confines or borders , un- Term, '
t0 whom they do ſacrifice both publickly privately., upon the limits of inheritance, and now
they ſacrifice unto him live Beaſts, Howbeit im old time they did ſacrifice unto him without any bloud,
through thy: wiſe Inſtitution of Ya , who declared and preached unto them , that this god of bounds
was incere and upright , without bloud or murther , as he that is a witneſs of juſtice and keeper of
peace, I. was he which in my opinion did firſt limit out the bounds of the Territory of Rows, Num made
which R mx/#s would never do, for fear left in bounding out his own he ſhould c that which = _ of
he occupied of other mens. For bounding and meaſuring , to him that will keep it juſtly , is a bond ;j xe. 7
that bridleth power and deſire , but to him that forceth not to keep it, it is a proot to ſhew his ;
injuſtice, To fay truly , the Territory of Rox z had no great bounds at the firſt beginning, and Ro-
wxlm had got by conqueſt the greateſt part of it, and Numa did wholly divide it unto the needy Nums adyan-
Inha\vitants to releeve them, and to bring them out of poverry (which carrieth men headlong into ceth rillage.
miſchief, and diſcouragerh them to labour ) roche end that plowing up the ſaid Land , they ſhould
alſo plow up the s of their own barrenneſs , to become civil and gentle, For there is no exer-
ciſe nor occupation in the world which ſo ſuddenly bringeth a man to love and defire quietneſs ,
as doth husbandry and tillage , and to defend a mans own, there is init courage and hardineſs
ro fight, But greedy deſire, violently to rake from others , and unjuftly ro occupy that is none of
theirs , is never in right husbandmen. And therefore N*ma baving brought in husbandry amongft
his SubjeRs , as a medicine and mean to make them love quietneſs , was defirous to inure
them to this trade of life, the rather ro make them bumble and gentle of condition , then to en-
creaſe them in riches. He divided all the Territory of Roe into certain parts which hecalled P a-
Los, as much to ſay , as Villages : And in every one of them he ordained comptrollers and viſitors .
which ſhould ſurvey all about , and he himſelf ſometimes went abroad in perion , conjeQuring by
their labour the manners and nature of every man, Such as he found _—_ he advanced them unto
honour, and gave them countenance and authority , Others which he {aw ſlothfull and negligent,
by rebuking and reproving of them , he madethem amend. Bur amongſt all his Ordinances which Nuns divided
he made, one above all the reſt carried the praiſe, and that was, that he divided his people into fyn- his people into
dry occupations. For the City of Roz ſcemed yet to be made of two Nations , as we have ſaid {%'y occur
delves and to ſpeak more properly , it was made of two Tribes. So that it could not, or would not
for any thing be made one , being altogether impoſſible to take away all fa&tions, and to make there
ſhould be no quarrels nor contentions between both parts. Wherefore he conſidered that when
one will mingle two bodies or fimples together , which for their hardneſs and contrary natures can-
not well ſuffer mixture : then he breaks and bears them together as ſmall as may be. For ſo bei
brought into a ſmaller and lefſer powder , they would incorporate and agree the better. Even ſo he
thought it was beft to divide the people alſo into many ſmall party; by means whereof they ſhould
be put into many parties , which would more eaſily take away the firſt and the greateſt part , when
it ſhould be divided and ſeparated thys into fundry ſorts, And this diviſion he made by arts and
occupations ; 2s Minſtrels, Goldfmiths, Carpenters, Diers, Shoemakers , Tawers, Tanners, Bell.
founders, and pot-makers, and ſo forth through other crafts and occupations. So that he brought
every one of theſe into one body, and company by it ſelf , and ordained unto every particular wy-
ſtery or craſt , their Feaſts, Affemblies, and Services , which they ſhould make unto the gods, accor-
ding to the dignity and worthineſs of every occypation : And by this means he firſt rook away uns took
all fa&ion , that neither fide faid , nor thought any more , thoſe are Sazyns , theſe are K0- away the fa-
MANS , theſe are of Tatixe , theſe are of Rownlws. Infomuch as this diviſion was an incorpora- &ions of Ro
ting, and-an wniting of the whole together. Among other his Ordinances, they did much commend «214
his reforming of the Law , that gave liberty unto Fathers to fell their children. For he did _
except children already married , ſo they were married with their Fathers conſent and good-will,
ging it to be too cruell and over hard a thing, that a woman who thought ſhe had married a
ree-man , ſhould find her ſelf ro be the wife of 3 bondman, He began alſo to mend a liule the
Calendar , not ſo-exa&tly 2s he ſhould have done, nor yet altogether ignorantly. Forduring the
Reign of Romulus uſed rhe moneths confuſedly , without any order or reaſon , making ſome of
thera twenty daies and leſs , and others 35 daics and more , without knowing the difference between
the courſe of the Sun and che Moon ; and onely rhey obſerved this rule that there was 360 daies The ordinance
in the year, Bur Nm confidering the inequality ftood uponeleven daies, for that the twelve Re- the meneths
volutions of the Moenxre runin 354.daies, and the Revolution of the Sun in 365 daies , be doub- on
led the 11 daies, whereof he i yrews + , which he placed from two years to two years after 14.1. $4 ”
the monerh of February , and the Romans called this Moneth put beween Mercidinum , which
had 22 daies. And this is the corre&ion that N+ma made , which fince hath had a far better a-
mendment, He did alſo change the order of the Moneths. For March which before was the firſt,
be
_
—— — — --——- —
he made it now the third, and January the firſt , which under Romulus was the eleventh , and Fe-
bruary the twelfth and laſt. Yer many are of opinion, that Numa added theſe two January and Fe-
The year di- . bruary. For the RomANs at the beginning had but ten moneths in the year , as ſome of the
verſly counted. barbarous people make but three moneths for their year, And the AxcaDians amongſt the
Grecians - have but four moneths for their year. The ACARNANIANS have fix to the
year , And the £6yPT1ans had firſt but one moneth to their year, and afterwards they made
four moneths for their year. And this is the cauſe why ny ſeem ( albeit they inhabit a new coun-
trey.) to be nevertheleſs the ancienteft people of the world , For that in their Chronicles they rec-
kon up ſuch infinite number of years as thoſe which count the Moneths for the years. And to prove
this true , that the ROManNs at the beginning had but ten moneths in the year, and not twelve ,
it. is eaſte to be judged by the name of the laſt , which they call at this day December, And that the
moneth of March was alſo the firſt , may be conjectured by this , for the fifth moneth after that is
yet called Q»intilss , the ſixth Sextilis , and ſo the other in order following the numbers, For if Ja-
nuary and February had then been the firſt, of neceſſiry the moneth of July which they call 24--
7ilis, muſt have been named Septeraber , conſidering alſo thar it is very likely that the moneth which
Romulus had dedicated unto Mars , was alſo by him ordained to bethe firſt. The ſecond was April,
ſo called of the name Aphrodite , that is to ſay, Yeu , unto whom they make open ſacrifice inthis
Moneth. And on the firſt day of the ſame , women do waſh themſelves, having a garland of myrtle
upon their heads. . Howbeit ſome other ſay , that it was not called after the name of Aphrodite , but
it was onely called April, becauſe then is the chiefeſt force and ſtrength of the Spring , at which
ſeaſon the earth doth open , and the ſeeds of plants and hearbs begin to bud and ſhew forth , which
the word it ſelf doth ſignifie. The moneth following next after this, iscalled May, after the name
*Peradventure * of A{gia the: mother of Mercury , unto whom the * Moneth is conſecrated, The moneth of Func
- —_— 'is ſo called alſo,, becauſe of the quality of that ſeaſon, which is asthe youth of the year. Although
Cine =- «:); ſome will ſay that the Moneth of May was named of this word Aazores, which fignifierh as much as
which is to the elders ; and the Moneth of 7«ne of Juxiores , which fignifies the younger men, All the other
ſay, of the following were named in old time by the numbers according totheir order , until , Sextilis , $c+
. name of Funo. "3; orpber, Oftober, November, and December. But 2uintilis was after called Jalims 4 of the name of
«AM Ceſar, who flew Powprins ; and Sexrilis was named Anguſtus of Oftavins Caſar his Succel-
Tor inthe Empire, who. was alſo ſurnamed Auguſtus. It is true alſo that Domitian would they
"ſhould call the two moneths following .( which are September and Ofober ) the one Germanicws,
and the other Domirs.aums; But that h dnot- long : For ſo ſoon as Domitian was killed , the moneths
recovered their ancient names again. ,The two laſt moneths onely have ever continuedtheir names ,
'without changing or: altering. . But of the two which N#ma added , or at the leaft tranſlated, the
; /; moneth of February doth ſignifie-as much as purging, or at leaſt the derivation of the word ſound-
* Some of vj £tÞ near it.” In this moneth they do ſacrifice of plants., * and do celebrate the Feaſt of the Lup z-
Grecian Co-! |CALES, in which there are many-things agreeable and like to the Sacrifices made for purification,
pies ſay in this ' And the firſt which is January, was called after the name of anus. Wherefore merhinks that Nam
pe obells took away the moneth of March from the firſt place, and gave it unto January., becauſe he would
os, for the © 'have peace preferred before war , and civil things before martiall. For this Fan«s ( were he
dead, Xing or demi-god ) inthe former, age was counted very civil and politick : For he changed the life
| 'of men which before his time was rude, cruell, and wild , and brought it to be honeſt , gentle , and
civil, For this cauſe they do paint his Image at this day with, two faces , the one before and the 0-
Why 74nu: is br behind ,-for thus changing. the lives of men. And thereisin Rows a Temple deficated unto
painted with Þ1m, Which hath two doors , that be called the doors, of war; for. the cuſtom is, xp open them ,
two faces, When the Romans have any wars in any place,, and to ſhut them whien they- be. at peace. To
At whe ws ave them (hut "it was a rare thing to ſee , and happened very ſeldom, by reaſon of the greatneſs
hw © 4. OFtheix Empire, which on all fides was environed with barbarous Nations , whom,they, were com-
pelſed to keep under with force. of armes. Notwithſtanding it was once ſhut up in, the zime of 4«-
60
QIEIETG
in Rome.
Liv. lib. 1. guſt ; after he had ſlain Antony ; and once before alſo in the, year when Marcus, Attilius and
_o Romaner* Titus Mantis were Conſuls. But: that continued not Tong, for u was opened again incontinently,
maker i by reaſon of wars that came upon them ſoon after. Howbeit during the Reign of N/wma, it was
time, neyer one day -opened, but remained ſhut continually by the ſpace, of. three and fourty, years toge-
; ther. For all occaſions of wars were then utterly dead and forgoren , becauſe at Rox the peo-
ple were not onely.through the examples of Juſtice , clemency, and the goodneſs of the-King, brought
to, be quiet , and to love peace, but in the Cities thereabouts there began. a marvellous change of
manners, and alteration of life , as.if ſome gentle air had breathed ,on.them , by ſome gracious and
healthfull-wind blown from ReMz to refreſh them. And thereby bred in mens - minds ſuch 4
hearty deſire to live in peace ,; to till the ground ,: ro bring up their children , and to ſerve the gods
fruly , that almoſt through all IT ay. there was nothing but Feaſts, Plays, Sacrifices and. Banquets.
The people did traffique and frequent together without fear or danger, and viſited one another,
making great chear , asif out of the ſpringing Fountain of N«ma's wildom many pretty brooks
and ftreams of good and honeſt life had run over- all IT a Ly , and had watered it ; and that the mitde-
neſs of his wiſdom had from hand to hand been diſperſed through the whole world. - Inſomuch
as the over-exceſſiye ſpeeches the Poets accuſtomably do uſe were not ſufficient. enough to expre(s
the peaceable reign of that time,
Ther
"NV AM e4.
There, Spiders weave, their cobwebs day and night
In harneſſes, which wont to ſerve for war :
There canker druſt doth fret the ſteel full bright
Of trenchant blades, well whet in many a jar.
There, mighty Spears for lack of uſe are eaten,
with rotter worms ;, And in that countrey there,
The braying tromp doth never ſeem to threaten
Their quiet ears with blaſts of bloudy fear.
There, in that land no drowſie ſleep is broken
with hot alarms, which terrors do betoken:
For during all King N\ym4's Reign it was never heard that ever there were any wars, civil
difſention, or innovation ot government attempted againſt him, nor yet any ſecret enmity or ma-
lice born him, neither any conſpiracy once thought on to reign in his ptace. And whether it was for
fear of diſpleaſing the gods (which: viſibly ſeemed ro take him into their proteQtion) or for the re-
yerent regard they had unto his 'yertue, or. for his proſperous and good Tuceeſs all the time he
reigned, 1 cannot tell : howbeit he ſought to keep men till pure and honeſt, from all wickedneſs,
and laid moſt open before the eyes of -rhe whole world, a clear example of that which Plaro long
time after did affirm ; and ſay, concerning true government , which was, That the onely mean of true P!4to's yin
quietneſs and remedy from allevil (which ever troublerh men) was, when by ſome divine ordinance FOncern"ng rhe
tron above there meeterh in one perſon the right Majeſty of a King, and the mind of a wiſe Philo- En
ſopher, to make vertue governeſs and ruler over vice. | For indeed happy is a wiſe man, and more -
happy are they, which may hear the grave counſel and good leſſons of a mouth : and there (me-
thinks) needeth no force, - no compulſion, no threats, nor extremiry to bridle the people. For men
ſeeing the true image of vertue in their viſible Prince, and in the example of his life, do willingly
grow to be. wiſe, and of themſelves do fall into love, liking, and friendſhip together, and do uſe all
temperance, juſt dealing, and good order one towards another, leading their life without offence,
and with the commendation of other, which is the chief point of felicity, and the moſt happy good
that can light unzo men. And heby nature is beſt worthy to be a King, who through his wiſdom
and vertue can graff in mens manners ſuch a good diſpoſition, and this Nama above all other ſeem-
ed beſt to know and underſtand. Furthermore touching his wives and children, there are great con- oe
rrarieties among the Hiſtoriographers. For ſome of them ſay, he never married other wite than Tatia, * rv
and that he never had any children but one onely daughter, and ſhe was called Pomp:lia. Other Pompilia ra
write to the contrary, that he had four Sons, Pompo, Pinus, Calpms, and Mamercus, of every one ma's daughter.
of the which (by ſucceſſion from the Father to che Son) have deſcended the nobleſt races and moſt
ancient houſes of the Romans. As the houſe of the Pomponians, of Pompo : the houle of the P;-
narians of Pinw : the houſe ofthe Calpburnians of Calpms, and the houſe of the eAſamercians of
eMamercus. All which Families by reaſon of their progenitor, have kept the ſurname of Reges Kings,
There are three other Writers which do reprove the two firit : ſaying, that they did write to gra-
rifie the faqilies, making them falſly ro deſcend of the noble race of King N\zma. Moreover it is faid,
he had his daughter Pompilia, not by T atia, but by his other wife called ZLacrertia, whom he married
after he was made King, Howbeit they all agree, that his daughter Pompil;a was married unto one Pompilis mar-
Martins, the Son of the ſame'eAartins, which perſwaded him to accept the Kingdom of Rows. ried to Caius
For he went with him to Rome to remain there, where they did him the honour to receive him rtius Corio-
inco the number of the Senators. After the death of Numa, Martins the Father ſtood againſt Tyl- _ b
Iu Heſtilixs for the ſucceſſion of the Realm, and being overcome, he killed himſelf for ſorrow. x abs e—_
But his Son Martizs, who married Pompilia, continued ſtill at Roe, where he begat Ancxs Mar- Senator at
tis, who was King of Rome, after Tullus Hoſtilius, and was bur five years old when Numa died. Rome,
Whoſe death was not ſudden : For he died conſuming by little and lirtle, as well through age as alſo = _ _
through a lingring diſeaſe that waited on him to his end, as P:ſo hath written , and Nama at his death p ho ag _
was lictle more'than fourſcore years old. But the pomp and honour done unto him at his Funerals, coriolanus.
made his life yet more happy and glorious. © For all the people, his neighbours , friends, kinſmen, The deark 0
and allies of the Romans came thither, bringing crowns with them , and other publick contri- N#%-
butions to honour his Obſequies. The noble men ſelves of the Ciry (which were called Patricians)
carried on their ſhoulders the very bed on which the coarſe lay, to be conveyed to his grave. The
Prieſts attended alſo on his body, and ſo did all the reſt of the people, women and children in like
caſe, which followed him to his Tomb, all bewailing and lamenting his death, wirktears, fighs, and
mournings ; nt as a King dead for very age, but as they had mourned for the death of their deareſt
kinfman, and neareſt friend that had died before he was old. They burnt not his body, becauſe
(as ſome ſay) he. commanded the contrary by his Will and Teſtament : but they made two coffins
of ſtane, which they buried at the foot of the Hill called Faniculum. In the one they laid his
body ,, and in the other the holy Books- which he had written himſelf , much like unto thoſe
which they that made the Laws among the Gzecrans did write in Tables, But becauſe in
his life time he had taught the Prieſts the ſubſtance of the whole contained in the ſame, be will-
ed the holy Tables which he had written, ſhould be buried with his body. For he thought it not Numa's Books.
reaſonable that ſo holy matters ſhould be kept by dead letters and writings, bur by mens manners - by the P W
and exerciſes, And he followed herein they Gy , the Pythagoreans, who would not put their ,m. i
works in writing , but did print the knowledge of them in Geir memories, whom they knew wiring.
to
62 N,V MJ.
to be worthy men, and that without any writing at all. And if they had taught any manner of
perſon the hidden rules and fecrers of Geometry, which had na# been worthy of them, then they
ſaid the gods by manifeſt rokens would threazen to revenge fuch (acriledge and impiery, with ſome
great deſtruction and miſery. Therefore ſeeing ſo many things agreeable, and alrogether like be-
tween Numa and Pythagoras, I calily pardon thoſe which maintain their opinion, that Nama and
Pythagor as were familiarly acquauned and converſant together. Yaleriys eAntias the Hiſtorian wri-
Twelve Books *©Þ, there were twelve Books wrigten concerning the office of Prieſts, and rwelve others containing
of Prieſthood, The Philoſophy of the GREcians, And that four byndred years after (in the ſame year when Pub.
Twelve Books lius Cornelius and Marcus Bebiys were Conluls) there fell a great rage of waters and rain, which
of Philoſophy. opened the earth, and diſcovered theſe coffins; and the lids and covers thereof being carried away, they
found the one altogether void, baving no manner of likelihood, or token of a body that bad lain in it :
and in the gther they found theſe Books, which were delivered unto one named Peciljns (at that time
Prztor) who had the charge to read them oyer, and to make the report of them. Burhe having peruſed
them over, declared co the Senate, that he thought it not convenient the magters contained inthe
ſhould be publiſhed unto the ſimple peaple, and for that cayſe they were carried into the Market-place,
Good men And there were openly burnt, Surely ic is a common thing that happeneth unto all good and juſt men,
praiſed afrer that they are far more praiſed and eſteemed after their death rhan before, becauſe chat envy doth not
their death. Jong continue aker thejr death, and oftentimes jt dieth before them, Bu notwithſtanding -rhe misfor-
The mixtor- rynes which chanced afterwards untq the fiye Kings which reigned ar Rows afrer Nama, have made
"1s Succeſſor Di honour ſhine with much mare noble glory than before, For the ]aſt of them was driven out of his
Kingdom, and died in exile after he was very old; and of the other four, none of them died their natu-
ral Go, but chxee of them were killed by treaſog, And Tellus Heſftrlins which reigned after. Numa,
deriding and conteraning the moſt part of his good and holy Inſtitutions, and chiefly his devotion to-
wards the gods, as athing which made men lowly and faint-hearted , did 8s ſoon as eyer he came to be
' King, turn all bis ſubjects hearts t9 the wars, Byt this mad humour of his, continued not long. For
he was plagued with a ſtrange and moſt grievaus diſcaſe that followed him, which brought him to
change his mind, and did far otherwiſe turn his contempt of Religjon into an over-fearful ſuperſticion,
which did nothing yet reſemble the trye Religion and Devotion of Nama, and beſides be infetted 0-
thers with his contagious errqur, through the inconvenience which happened unto him at hs death.
Fox be was ſtricken and burnt with lightning.
Hoſtilius.
The end of the Life of Numa Pompilivs,
=
THE COMPARISON OF
LYCURGUS wth NUM A.
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Av
Hus having written the Lives of Lycirgus and Numa, the matter requiteth,
though it be ſomewhat hard ro do, that we comparing the one with the other,
ſhould ſer out the difference between them. For in thoſe things wherein they
22 were like of condition, their deeds do ſhew it ſufficiently. As in their rempe-
rance, their devotion to the gods, their wiſdom in governing, and their diſ- The vertues
creet handling of their people, by making them believe that the gods had re- ot Nima and
vealed the Laws unto them, which they eſtabliſhed. And now to come unto £1<urg%s were
S their qualities, which arediverſly and ſeverally commended in either of them : _ —
. . . . . , Verte.
Their firſt quality is, that Numa accepted the Kingdom,and Lycxrg gave it up. The one received it,
not ſeeking for it : and the other having it in his hands did reſtore it again, The one being a ſtranger
and a private man, was by ſtrangers elected and choſen their Lord and King. The other being in poſ-
ſeſlion a King, made himſelf again a private perſon, Sure it is a goodly thing to obtain a Realm by
juſtice : bur it is a goodlier thing to eſteem juſtice above a Realm, Vertne brought the one to be in ſuch
reputation, that he was judged worthy to be choſen a King : and vertue bred fo noble a mind in the 0-
ther, that he eſteemed not to be a King. Their ſecond quality is, that like as in an Inſtrument of mu-
ſick, the one of them did tune and wreſt up the ſlack ſtrings which were in SeaRT a : Tothe other flac- What things
kened, and ſet them lower, which were too high mounted in Rome: Wherein Lycargs difficulty were hard to
was the greater ; For he did not perſwade his Citizens, to pluck off their armour and curars; norto lay £4734
by their ſwords , but onely to leave their gold aygfjlver; to forſake their ſoft beds, their fine wrought
tables, and other curious rich furniture, and no ve off the travel of wars, to give themſelves only
unto feaſts, ſacrifices and plays : but to the contri, to give up banquerting and teaſting, and conti-
nually to take pains in the wars, yielding their bodies to all kind of pains. By which means, the one for
the love and reverence they did bear him, eaſily perſwaded all that he would : and the other by putting
himſelf in danger, and being hurt alſo, obtained not withour great travel and adventure, the end of his
intended purpoſe and defire, Numa his muſe was fo gentle, loving and courteous, that the manners of
his Citizens, which before were furious and violent, were now fo tractable and civil, that he tatight
them to love peace and juſtice. And to the contrary,it they will compel me to number amongſt the Laws
and Ordinances of Lycarg ws, that which we have written rouching the ILoTES, which was a barba-
reus cruel thing : ;1 muſt of force confeſs that Numa was much wiſer, more gentle and civil in his Laws,
conſidering that even unto thoſe which indeed were born (laves,. he gave ſome little raſte of honour and '
{weetneſs of liberty, having ordained, that in the feaſts of Saturn, they. ſhould fit down at meat ar
their Maſters own table. Some hold opinion, that this cuſtom was brought in by King Nama : who Slaves fat with
willed that thoſe, which through their labour in tillage brought in much truir, ſhould have {ome plea- *hcir Wy 6
ſure thereof to make good chear with the fruits of the ſame. Ocher imagine, thatit is yer a token Jp” =
and remembrance of the equality which was amongſt men in the world in Satzrns time, when there 1, ,, _ mY
was neither maſter nor ſervant, but all men were alike equall, as brethren or kinfmen. To conclude,
1t- ſeemerh. either of them rook a direct courſe, thought beſt to themſelves, ro frame their people
unto temperance, and to be contented with their own. Bur for their other vertues, i appearerh
that the one loved War beſt, and the other Juſtice : unleſs it were chat men would fay, that for
the diverſity of the nature or cuſtom of their people ( which were almoſt contrary in manners) Divers cauſes
they were both' compelled to uſe alſo contrary and divers means from other. For it was not © = —_ _
of a faint heart, . that ma took from his people the uſe of Arms, and defire to be in Wars : but {4 vu
t was to the end they ſhould nor do any wrong to others, Neither did Lycwr;gus alſo ſtudy to 7 ycurgy;
G 2 make
— O————— —
LYCURGUS and NU MA.
make his people Souldiers and warlike, to hurt others : but for fear rather that others ſhould
hurt them. And fo, to cut off the excels inthe one, and to ſupply the defect of the other , they
were both enforced to bring in a ſtrange manner of government. Furthermore touching their ſe-
veral kind of government, and dividing of their people into States and Companies : That of
Numa was marvellous mean and baſe, and framed to the liking of the meaneft people , making
a body of a City, and a people compounded together of all ſorts, as Goldſmiths, Minſtrels, Foun-
Deſcription of ders, Shoe-makers, and of all ſorts of crafts-men and occupations together. But that of Lycurg rm was
their people.
Reaſon for
marTIages,
Numa's order
for maidens
the better.
The Laconiaus
were t00 man-
ly,
direQly contrary, for his was more ſevere and tyrannical, in governing of the Nobility, caſting
all crafts and baſe occupations upon bondmen and ftrangers , putting into the hands of
his Citizens the Shield and Lance , ſuffering them to exerciſe no other Art or Science, but the
Art and Diſcipline of Wars, as the true Miniſters of eFſars, which all their life time never knew
other Science, but onely learned to obey their Captains, and ro command their Enemies, For
to have any occupation, to buy and ſell , or to traffick, free-men were exprelly forbidden , be-
cauſe they ſhould wholly and abſolutely be free : And all Sciences to get money was lawfull for
ſlaves, and the ILoTEs : Being counted for as vile an occupation as to dreſs meat, and to be a
ſcullian of a kitchin. Nama put not this difference amongſt his people, but onely took away co-
vetous deſire to be rich by Wats , but otherwiſe he did not forbid them to ger goods by any 0-
ther lawfull means, neither cook any regard to bring all to equality , and to be alike wealthy,
bur ſuffering every man to get what he could, raking no order to prevent poverty , which crept
in and ſpread far in his City ; which he ſhould have looked unto at the beginning, at that time
when there was not roo great an unequality amongſt them , and that his Citizens for ſubſtance
were-in manner equall one with another : For then was the time when he ſhould have made head
againſt avarice, to have ſtopped the miſchiefs and inconveniences which fell out afterwards, and
they were not little; For that onely was the fountain and root of the moſt part of the greateſt
evils and miſchiefs, which happened afterwards in Roms. And as touching the divifon of
goods, neither ought Lycurgus to be blamed for doing it, nor Nama for that hedid it not. For
this equality to the one was a ground and foundation of his Common-wealth, which he afterwards
inſtituted ; and to the other it could not be, For this diviſion being made not long before the time
of . his predeceſſor, there was no great need to change the firſt, the which (as it is likely) remained
yet in full perfetion, As touching Marriages, and their Children to be in common, both the one
and the other wiſely ſought ro take away all occaſion of jealouſie , but yet they took not both
one courſe, For the Roxan Husband having Children enough to his contentation , if another
chat lacked children came unto him, to pray him to lend him his wife, he might grant her unto
him, and it was in him to give her altogether, or to lend her for a time, and to take ber afterwards
again, But the LacoNIAN keeping his wite in his houſe, and the marriage remaining whole and
unbroken, might ler out his wife to any man that would require her to have children by her , nay
furthermore, many ( as we have told you before ) did themſelves entreat men, by whom they
thought to haveatrim brood of Children, and laid them with their Wives. What ditference I pray
you was between theſe two cuſtoms ? ſaving that the cuſtom of the Laconians ſhewed, that
the Husbands were nothing angry, nor grieved with their Wives for thoſe things which for ſorrow
and jealouſie doth rent the hearts of moſt married men in the World, And that of the Romans
was 2 ſimplicity ſomewhat more ſhamefac'd, which to cover, it was ſhadowed yet with the cloak of
Matrimony and contra& of marriage: confeſling that to uſe Wife and Children by halves together,
was a thing moſt intolerable for him. Furthermore, the keeping of Maidens to be married by Numa's
order, was much ftraighter and more honourable for woman-hood, and Zycargus order having too
much ſcope and liberty, gave Poets occaſion to ſpeak, and to give them ſurnames not very honeſt, As
Ibycus called them Phenomeridas, to ſay, thigh-ihowers : and Andromanes, to ſay, man-wood. And
Euripides ſaith alſo of them,
Good nut-brown girles which left their Fathers houſe at large,
. And ſought for young mens company, and took their ware in charge,
And ſhewed their thighs all bare ; the Taylonr did them wrong,
On each ſide open were their coats, the ſlits were all too long.
And indeed to ſay truly the fides of their petticoats were not ſewed beneath, fo that _ went
they ſhewed their thighs naked and bare. The which Sophocles doth eaſily declare by theſe verſes.
The ſong which you ſhall ſing ſhall be the ſonnet ſaid
By Harmony luſty laſs, that ſtrong and ſturdy maid :
Which truſt her petticoat, about her midale ſhort,
And ſet to ſhew her naked hips infrank, and friendly fort.
And therefore it is ſaid, the Lacon Wives were bold, manly, and ſtout againſt their Husbands,
namely the firſt. For they were wholly Miſtreſſes in their houſe and abroad, yea, they had law on
their fide alſo, to utter their minds frankly concerning the chiefeſt matters. But Numa ever re-
ſerved the honour and dignity untothe Women, which was left them by Romulus in his time, when
their Husbands, after they had taken them away perforce, diſpoſed themſelves ro uſe them as gently
as poſſibly they could ; nevertheleſs he added otherwiſe thereto great honeſty , and took away
all curioſity from them, and taught them ſobriery, and did inure them to ſpeak little. For hedid
utterly forbid them wine, and did prohibir them to ſpeak, although it were for things neceſſary, un-
leſs it were in the preſence of their Husbands. Inſomuch as it is reported that a Woman chancing one
day
LYCURGUS and NU MA. 65
day to plead her cauſe in perſon openly before the Judges , the Senate hearing of it did ſend imme.
diately unto the Oracle of Apollo, Ls bs Jdid Mogpiicare to the Ciry, And therefore The Roman
Numa thought the memory. of the na worm d mach commend the great humility, gentle- women very
neſs and obedience of the good. ike —_—_ ONIS do note thoſe which 9o4elt.
were the firſt that killed = of theigCuizenssr have Jqughr\with thEir brethren, or have killed their
Fathers or Mothers, even {o the Romans do note that Spurizs Carvillize was the firſt that for- The firſt di-
ſook his wife, two hundred and thirty...years after the foundation of Ro x, which was never done by vorce at Rome.
any before, And that the wife of one" Pinarixs, called T halea; was the firſt which ever brawled or
quarrelled with her Mother in Law called Gegania, in the time when Tarquiz ſurnamed the proud
reigned, ſo well and honeſtly were the orders of Numa deviſed concerning marriage. Moreover the
age and time of marrying of maids, which both che one and the other ordained, doth agree with
the reſt of their education. For Lycurg#us would not that they ſhould be married, till they were of
good years and women grown, to the end that they knowing the company of man at ſuch time as
natute requireth, ir ſhould be a beginning of cheir pleaſure and love, and not of grief and hate, when
ſhe ſhould be compelled unto it betore time agreeable by nature, and becauſe their bodies alſo ſhould
be more ſtrong and able to bear children, and to endure the mothers painfull throws and travel in
child-bearing, conſidering they are married to no other end but to bear children, But the Roma xs
to the contrary do marry them at twelve'years of age and under, ſaying, thar by this means their bo-
dies and manners be wholly theirs which do marry them, being afſured that no body elſe could touch
them. By thisreaſon it is manifeſt, that the one is more natural to make them ſtrong to bear children,
and the other more moral, to give them the form and manner of conditions, which a man would have
them to keep all their life time. Moreover touching orders for education of children, that they ſhould How muck <c-
be brought up, inſtructed and raught, under the ſelt-ſame Maſters and Governors, which ſhould have —_— ny
an eye to make them drink, car, play, and exerciſe themſelves honeſtly and orderly together , Nama io
made no more proviſion for the ſame then the leaſt maker of Laws that ever was, and nothing in com-
pariſon of Lycurgus. For NN uma left the Parents at liberty, to uſe their diſcretion (according to their
covetouſnels or neceſlicy) to cauſe their children to be brought up as they thought good , whether
they would put them to be Labourers, Carpenters, Founders or Miattrels. As if they ſhould not frame
the manners of dhildreg, and faſhion them from the cradle all tro one end, but ſhould be as it were like
paſſengers into: aneShip, which being there, ſome for one buſineſs, other for another purpoſe, but all
rodiversends, do never meddle one with another, bur in a rough ſtorm or tempeſt when every man is
afraid of his own life.- For otherwiſe no man carech bur far himſelf.- And other makers of Laws alſo are
ro be born withall; if any thing hath ſcaped them through ignorance, or ſometime through lack of
ſufficient power and authoriry. But a wile Philoſopher having received a Realm of people newly ga-
thered rogether, 'which did _— him in nothing: wherero ſhould he moſt ply his ſtudy and endea-
vonr;-but to cauſe chitdren to be well brought up, and to make young men exerciſe themſelves, to the
end they ſhould nor differ in manners, nor that they ſhould be troubleſome, by their diverſe manner
of bringing up; bur that they ſhould all agree together, for that they had been trained from their child-
hood unto one ſelf trade, and faſhioned under one ſelf pattern of vertue? That good education, How Lycurguz
beſides other commodiries, did alſo ſerve to preferve Lycargus Laws. For the fear . of their Oath Laws were
which he had made;-had bren of ſmall effe&, if he had not through inſtitution and education ( as it {Þlihtd-
were) died in wool the manners of children, and had not made them from their nurſes breaſts in man-
ner; ſuck the juice and love of his Laws and civil Ordinances: And this was of ſuch force, that for
the ſpace of five hundred years and more, Lycargas chief Laws and Ordinances remained in full per-
te&tion; as a deepwodded die, which went to the bottom, and pierced into the tender wool. Contra-
riwiſe that which was 2 #ma's chief: end and purpoſe, to continue RowE in peace and amity, died
by and by with hum. For he was no ſooner dead but they opened both the gates of the Temple of Ja-
ns, which he ſo carefully had kept ſhut all his Reign, as if indeed he had kept in wars there, under
lock and key, and they filled all [TA Ly with —_— and blood ;, And this his godly, holy, and juſt
government which his Realm enjoyed all his time, did not laſt long after, becaule it had nor the bond why Nune's
of education and the diſcipline of children which ſhould maintain it. Why ? may a man ſay to me orders dicd.
here, Hath not Ro & excelled - and prevailed more and more in chivalry ? This queſtion requirerh
a long anſwer, and ſpecially unto ſuch men as place felicity in riches, in poſſeſſions, and in the great-
nels of Empire, rather. then in the quiet ſafety, peace, and concord of a Commonweal, and in cle-
mency and juſtice, joyned with contention, Nevertheleſs, howſoever it was, that maketh for Lycur-
gx: alſo, that the Romans aſter they had changed the ſtate which they had of Numa, did ſo mar-
vellouſly encreaſe and grow mighty , and that the LaczDamoN1ANs to the contrary, ſo ſoon
as they began to break Lycurgus Laws, being of great authority and ſway,fell afterwards to be of ſmall why xums is
account. So that having loſt the Soveraignty and commandment over GxEECs, they ſtood in to be preferred
= hazard alſo to be overthrown for ever. But in troth it was ſomedivine thing in Nama, that before Lycur-
e _ a meer ſtranger the RowAns did ſeek him to make him King, and that he could ſo change 5**:
all, and rulea whole city as he liſted (not yer joined rogether ) without need of any force or vio-
lence, as idwas in Lycxrgas, to be aſſiſted with the beſt of the City, in reſiſting the commons of La-
CEDA MON, but he could never otherwiſe have kept them in peace, and made them love together, but
by his onely wiſdem and juſtice.
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no 7DY MUS. the Gtammarian, in a little Book that he wrote, and dedicated
unto 4ſclepiades, touching the Tables of the Laws of Solon, alledgeth the words
SI] SOV, Wag) of one Ph:locles, rw os ame the common opinion of thoſe that
Seloxs lineage. GH BEERS) We have written, that Sofons Father was Emphorion., For all other Writers
az BS agrec, that he was the ſon of Execeſtides, a man bur oy to live, al-
Y- though otherwiſe he was of the nobleft and moſt ancient Houſe of the Ciry of
waa SI ArHzNs. Forof his Fathers fide, he was deſcended of King Codrms : and for
A "7 his Mother Heraclides Ponticws writeth, ſhe was coufin-german unto Pyſiſtra-
_ ' e#s mother. For this cauſe even from the beginning there was great friendſhip berween them, partly
Great ier:a. for their kindred ,and partly alſo for the courtelie and beauty of Pyſi/trarxs, with whom it is reported
ſhip betwixx Solon 0na time was in love, Afterwards they fortuned to fall at jarone with the other, abour matter
Solon and Pyf- Of State and Government : yer this ſquare bred no violent inconvehience between them, but they re-
ftrarus, ſerved in their hearts ftill their ancient amity; which continued the memory of their love, as a great
firedoth a burning flame. That Solon was no ſtayed man t> withſtand beauty, nor any great doer to
prevail in love, it is manifeſt to al, as well by other Poetical Writings that he hath made, as by a Law
of his.own : wherein he did forbid Bondmen to perfume themſelves, or to be lovers of children. Who
A Scarute for placed this Law among honeſt maiters, and commendable: as allowing it to the better ſort, and for-
" bidding it, r6 the baſeſt, They ſay alſo that Pyſftrarus ſelf was in love with Charmas, and that he
did ſet up the little Image of Love, which is in Acapzm14a, where they were wont tolight the holy
Candle. But Solons Father (as Hermippus wriceth) having ſpenthis Goods in liberaliy and deeds of
courtefie; thotigh he might eafily have been relieved at divers niens hands with Money, he was yet a-
ſhamed to take any, becanſe he came of a Houſe which was wont rather to give and relieve others, then
to take themſelves : ſo beirig yet a young man, he deviſed to trade Merchandize. Howbeit other fay,
Solon gave that Solon travelled Countries, rather to ſee the World, and to learn, then to traffick, or gain. For
_ in , ſure he was very defirous of knowledge, as. appeareth manifeſtly : for that being now old, he com-
Ne head, © monly uſed'to fay this Verſe | |
1 grow old, learning ſtill.
Alſo hewas not covetouſly bent, nor 'foved Riches 'roo much for he ſaid in one place :
Whoſo hath Goods and Gold enough at call,
Great herds of Beaſts, and flocks in many « fold,
Both Horſe and Mule, yea ſtore of Corn, and all
That ma) contert each man above the mould :
Solons judg-= . No richer u, forall thoſe heaps and boards,
ment of riches, | Then he which bath ſuſficiently to feed,
And clothe his corps, with ſuch as God affords.
But if hs joy, ard chief delight do breed,
$0L0%
For-tp behpld the fairrandheavenly. face
Of ſome;ſmeet wife,, which 1s adorn; d mithgraze,
On elſe ſome:child., of; branty fair and brig tt,
Thenhath he cauſe. (wideed)! of deep delight.
And.in-another place al{/he faith :
Inated I de defire ,, ſame: Wealth to have, qt will:
B up nos unlefs the ſame be got,, tyy fasthfull dealing ſtih.
Fox ſire whn,ſo defirenby nic kgane ſto, theive :
Shall, firrd that juſtice from ſusb goads, veillyaſtly him _ |
Howheir, as an honeſt man is not io buſie bimſeh. overmauch in ſcraping, rogether ob fupertluous and un-
nece{fary goods. ſonothing lewerh but that he may: bave a care to tore himſelf with , ſuch things as
he ſhall, have nged of.
Inchoſe daysno ſtate was diſcommended, as ſaith Zeſiodus, nor any. Art or Science made any
difference herween- men : hut- Merchandize they thought an honourable ſtate, as. that which deliver- 71, comme.
ed means. to traftick into. range and far Countries, to, get acquaintance with States, to procure dities of Mer-
the love of Princes, and chiefly to gather ybo experience of the World. So: that there. have been chandize.
Merchants, which heretofaxe have been Founders of great Cities: as be which built Mazszura, 2 Merchane-
aiter he had obtained the fyiend/hip of the Gauries, by the River 05: Rhoſine, And they: —_ Mar-
ſay allo, tha Thates eAlleſons the wike did trafick Merchandize, and that Zippocrates: the Mathe- Thytes, rrippe-
matick did eye} {0 3 and likewiſe that Þ lazo rravelling ico Ea yPyr., did bear the whole crates, Plato,
of his journey, with the gains he made of the ſale of oyl he carried thither. | They, remember atſ9 al! Merchants,
that Solox learned to be laviſh mexpence, to fare delicately, and ta fpeak wantonly of pleaſures in
his Poems, ſomewbat moxe licentioully then hecame the gravity of a Philoſopher : onety becauſe he
was brought up in. thetrade of Mexchandize, wherein for that men are marvellous ſubject to great
loſſes and dangers, they feek giher whiles good chear to drive theſe cares away, and liberry to make
much of themſelves. Yet it appeareth by theſe Verſes, that Solon accounted himſelf rather in the
number of che poor, then of the rich.
Rich men (oft times) is lewdeſt lives do range,
And often ſeen, that vertnous men be poor :
Yet would tbe good their gaoaanefi never change
Poverty with
with lewd eſtate, — their wealth be more. vertue better
For vertye ſtands always both firm and ftable ; than riches,
When riches roue, and ſeldom are durable.
| This Poetry at the beginning ke uſed but for pleaſure, and when be bad leiſure, writing no matter
of importance in his Verſes. Afterwards he did ſet out many grave matters of Philoſophy, and the on _—_
moſt part of fuch things as he had deviſed before, in the Government of a Commonweal, which he 2h
did not for Hiſtory or memories ſake, but onely of a pleaſure to diſcourſe : far he ſheweth the rea«
ſons of that he did, and in ſome places he exhorteth, chideth, and reproveth the ArH4sniays.
And ſome affirm alſo he 'went about to write his Laws and Ordinances in Verſe, and do recite his
Preface, which was this ; |
Vouchſafe 0 mighty Joue, of Heaven and Earth high King -
To grant good fortune to my Laws and beſts in every thing.
And that their glory grow, un ſuch triumphant wiſe,
As may remam in fame for aye, which lives and never dies,
He chiefly delighted ia Moral Philoſophy, which created of Government and Commonweals : as Sales delieke:
che roſt part of the wile men did-of thoſe times. But for Natural Philoſophy, he was very grols and <q ;n Moral,
imple, as appeareth by theſe Verſes :
but not in na-
The clattering hail, and ſoftly falling frow tural Philtoſo-
Do breed in air, and fall from clouds on hie, py.
The dreadful claps, which thunderbolts do throw,
Do come from Heaven, and lightnings bright in alege.
Te ſea it ſelf by boy fterous blaſts doth roar,
Wiich (were i not provoked ſofull ſore )
Wardd be both calm and quiet for to paſ,
As «ny Element that ever was.
ioaas ago _—_— a yr Thales alone of all the ſeven wiſe men of non E, -__ —_—_
er the Comemplation of things in commonuſe among men, than he. For fetring tum apart, a
the others gotihe name of wiſdom, onely for their underſtanding io matters of State and Govern-
ment. Ik 5,rgporred that they mer ona day all ſeven together in the City of D:1.yHos, and ano-
ther time in the City of CoRaNTH, where Periander got them rogether at a Feaſt that he made to
the ather fix. Bur that which moſt increaſed their glory, and made their fame moſt ſpoken of, was
the ſending back again of qhe abree-foored Rool when they all had refuſed it, and turned it over
one to angther wich great humanity. Far the tale is, how certain Fiſher-men, of the ile of Co,
caſt.cheir Nexs.inco the Sea, [and certain ſtrangers pailing by , that came from he City of M1zs- te
Tu, did .buy their drapght-of Fiſh. at adventure, before the Net was drawn. And when they drew {ed tool of
i up, there came yp.in the Netajhree-footed tool of maſſtieGald, which men-lay, Hellen ( as ſhe gold drawn up
did return from Tap: ) bad thrown in ;that iplace, .in memory of an ancient Oracle ſhe called then. in 2 drag-ner.
unto
$/O LUN.
unto her mind. Thereupon the ſtrangers and Fiſher=men firft fell-ar- ſtrife - about this three-footed
ſtool, who ſhould have it : bur afterwards the: wwo- Cities rook part of both ſides, on their Citi-
zens behalf, Inſomuch as Wars had like to have. followed between them, had not the. Propheteſs
Pythia given a like Oracle unto-them beth : | Thar- they ſhould give this three-footed ſtgol unto the
wiſeft man, Whereupon the men of Co, ſent it firſt ro Thales in the City of MrLETUum, as being
willing to grant that unto a private perſon, for which they had made "Wars with all the M11 z-
The 4" - a SIANS betore. Thates ſaid, he thought Bias a; wiler man than himſelf : and ſo it was ſent unto
ws men, him. Helikewiſe ſent it again: unto another, as a-wiſer-man. And that other, ſent it alſo unto ano-
| ther. So that being thus poſted from man to man, and through divers hands, in the end it was
brouþht back again unto the City of 'M1LETUM, and delivered into the hands of Thales the ſe-
cand-rime : and laſt of .all. was carried unto THzBxs, and offered up unto the Temple of «Apollo 1/-
menian, Howbeit Theephraſtus writeth, that firſt it was ſent to the City of PrI1E NA, unto Bras:
and then unto Thalzs, in the City of MiLETum, by Bias conſent. And after that it had paſſed
. through all their hands, -ic was brought again unto Bras : and laſtly it was ſent to the City of
D8LyHOS. And: thus much have the beſt and moſt. ancient Writers written : ſaving that
- ſome 1ay inſtead 'of a three-footed: ſtool, ir was a cup that King Creſ#s ſent unto the City of
Anacharſsand Der pros; | Other fay, it wasa-piece of Plate which Bathycles lett there, They made mention alſo
Solons meeting another private nheeting betwixt eLnacharſis and Solon, and of another between him and Thales,
where they recite, that they had this talk. e £nacharſis being arrived at ATHENS, went to knock
at Soldns gate, ſaying that he was a" ſtranger which came of purpoſe to ſee him, and to defire his ac-
quaintance and-frjiendſhip. Solon anſwered him, that it was better to ſeek friendſhip in his own
Countrey. Anacharſis replyed 'again : Thou then that art at home, and in thine own Country,
begin. ro ſhew me triend{hip. Then 'Solor wondering at his bold ready wit, entertained him very
courteouſly, -and-kept him a certain time in his houſe, and made him very good chear , at the ſelt-
ſame time whereity he, was moſt buſie in governing the Commonweal, and making Laws for the
ſtate.thereof, Which when A4nacharſis underſtood, he laughed ar it : to ſeethat Solos imagined with
Anacharſi*s written Laws, to bridle mens covetouineſs and injuſtice. For ſuch_ Laws, faid he, do rightly re-
=p. Pe *- ſemble the Spiders Cobwebs : becauſe they take hold of little Flies and Gnats which fall into them,
thy but the rich and mighty will break-and runthrongh them art their will. S9/ozz anſwered him, that
oy .. men do juſtly keep all covenants and bargains which one:make with another, becauſe it is to the hin-
29:1. + 7 derance of either party to break: them-:\and even ſo, he did ſo temper his Laws, that he made his
' CitizeSs know, it was more for their profit to obey law and juſtice, -than to break it, Nevertheleſs
afrerwards , matters proved rather according,to 'Anacbarſis compariſon, than agreeableto the hope
| - that: $v{ox had” conceived.” 'Anacbarſis being by hap one day in a common Aſſembly of the People at
_—_ ATHzxs, ſaid that hemarvelled much, why in che conſultations and 'meetings of the Gxtcrans,
$ilons talk Wiſe'men propounded matters, and fools did decide them; It is ſaid moreover, that Solo was ſome-
with Thales at time in.the City of M118 Tum at Thales houſe, where he ſaid that he could not but marvel] at 7ha-
Miletum,about [2;,. rhat he would never marry to haye children, Thales gave him never a word at that preſent : bur
—_ within few days after he ſuborned a ſtranger, which ſaid that he came - but newly homefrom A-
"ha THENS, departing from thence but ten days before. Solox asked him immediately, What news
there? This ſtranger -whom Thales bad ſchooled before, anſwered : None other there, ſaving thar
carried a young man to burial, whom all the City-followed,: for that he was one of the great-
eſt mens ſons of the City, and the -honeſteſt man withall , who at that preſent was out of the
.Countrey, and had been a Jong-time (as they ſaid ) abroad, O poor unfortunate Father, then
ſaid Solon :. and what was his name ? 1 have heard himv named, faid the ſtranger, but I have forgot-
ten-him. now ; ſaving.that they all faid, the was a worthy wiſe man, So Solon ftilltrembling more and
more for fear, at every anſwer of this ſtranger : in the end he could hold no. longer, being full of
' trouble, but told his name himfelf unto the ſtranger, and asked him again, if he were not the Son
. of Solon which was buried. The very ſame, ſaid theftranger. Solor with that like a mad man
ſtraight began to beat his head, and to ſay, and do, like men impatient in affliction, and overcome
We ſhould not with ſorrow, But Thales laughing to ſee this pageant, ſtaid him, and faid :.Lo, Solon, this is it
_ - 2. that keepeth me from marrying, and gerting of children z which is of ſuch a violence, that thou ſeeſt
ry, Loring to it hath now overcome thee, although otherwiſe thou art ſtrong, and able to wraſtle with any. How-
loſe them, beit for any thing he hath ſaid unto thee, be of ood chear man, for it is but a tale, and nothing ſo.
mhges writeth, that Patecxs (he whichſaid he had: e£ſops ſoul) recited this ſtory thus. Ne-
verthelets it lacketh judgement, and- the :courage of a man alſo, to be afraid to get things neceſſary,
fearing the loſs of them : for. by this reckoning he ſhould neither efteem honour, goods, nor know-
ledge when he hath them, -for fear to- loſe them. For we ſee that vertue it ſelf, which is the great-
eſt:and ſweeteſt riches a man cafy havey decayeth oft times through fickneſs, or elſe by phyſick and
potions. - Furthermore 'Thalez: ſelf, alchough he was not married, was not therefore free from this
fear; unleſs he would confeſs that he neither loved friends, kinſmen, nor Countrey : howbeit Tha-
CybiſtusThales jeg :had an adopted Son, called Cyb:fx4, which was his Siſters Son, For our ſoul having in it a
—5.> hor ; natural: inclination to love, arid being born as well to love, as to ſeed, to reaſon, or underftand,
- be - not andro femember : ny nothing of her own whereupon ſhe might beſtow that natural love, bor-
-. _ - . rowethof other. 'As where there is a houſe of inheritance without lawfull heirs, many times ftran-
gers; *ahd baſe born-children, do creep into the kind. affe&ion of the owner, and when they have
- once Wwou: and poſſeſſed his love, they make .him ever after x0 be kind -and.tender over them, - So
704 that
SOLON, 69
that ye ſhall ſee many times men of ſuch a hard and rough nature, that they like not of them that move
them to marry, and get lawfull children : and yet afterwards are ready to die for fear and ſorrow,
when they ſee their baſtards (that they have gotten of their Slaves or Concubines) fall ſick or die,
and do utter words far unmeet for men of noble courage. And ſome ſuch there be, that for the
death of a Dog, or their Horſe, are ſo our of heart and take ſuch chought, that they are ready ro go
into the ground, they look o pitifully. Orher ſome are clean contrary, who though they have loſt
their children, forgone their friends, or ſome Gentleman dear unto them, yer no {orrowfull word
hath come from them, neither have they done any unſeemly thing : but have paſſed the reſt of their
life like wiſe, conſtant and vertuous men. For it.isnot love but weakneſs, which breedeth theſe ex-
tream ſorrows, and exceeding fear, in men that are not exerciſed, nor acquainted to fight againſt
fortune with reaſon, And this is the cauſe that plucketh from chem the pleaſure of that they love and
delire, by reaſon of the continual trouble, fear and grief they feel, by thinking how in time they
may be deprived of it, Now we muſt not arm our ſelves with poverty, againſt the grief of lols
of Goods ; neither with lack of affetion, againſt the loſs of our friends : neither with want of
Marriage, againſt the death of Children : but we muſt be armed with reaſon againſt misfortunes,
Thus have we ſufficiently enlarged this matter. The ATHENIANS having 'now ſuſtained a long proclamation
and troubleſome War againſt the MEG AR1a Ns, for the poſſeſſion of the Itle of SALamina, were upon pain of
in the end weary of it, and made proclamation, ſtraightly commanding upon pain of death, that no death no mari
man ſhould preſume to prefer any more to the Council of the City, the title or queſtion of the poſſeſ.. *2 ove the
ſion of the Iſle of SALamina. Solon could not bear this open thame, and ſeeing the moſt part of ng pony
the luſtieſt youths defirous ſtill of War, though their rongues were tied for fear of the Proclamation, ming, $
he fained himſelf to be out of his wits, and cauſed ir to be given out that Solo was become a fool : Solon feigned
and ſecretly he had made certain lamentable Verſes, which he had conned withour book, to fing abroad madneſs to re-
the Ciry. So one day he ran ſuddenly out of his houſe with a Garland on his head, and got him to the ©'® Salaminz
Market-place, where the People ſtraight ſwarmed like Bees abvut him : and getting him upon the
ſtone where all Proclamations are uſually made, out he ſingeth theſe Elegies he had made, which be-
£an after this ſort ;
1 here preſent my ſelf (an Herauld) inthis caſe, Solons Elegies
which come from Salamina Land, that noble worthy place. of the Salemi-
Hy mind in pelting proſe, ſhall never be expreſt, em
But ſung in Verſe Heroical, for ſo I think, ut beſt,
This Elegy is entituled SAa.amina, and containeth an hundred Verles, which are excellently well
written, And theſe being openly ſung by Soloz at that time, his friends incontinently praiſed chem
beyond meaſure, and ſpecially Pyſstratus ; and they went about perſwading the People that were
preſent, to credit that he ſpoke, Hereupon the matter was ſo handled amongſt them, that by and
by the Proclamation ws revoked, and they began to follow the Wars with greater fury then be-
fore, appointing Sol to be General in the ſame, But the common tale and report is, that he went Of the Temple
by Sea with Py/ifratus unto the Temple of Yenws, ſurnamed Coliade : where he found all the women * Yenus Co-
at a ſolemn Feaſt and Sacrifice, which they made of cuſtom to the goddeſs. He taking occaſion _— —
thereby, ſent from thence a truſty man of his own unto the MEGARIANs, which then had Sa- the —_—
LAMINA: Whom heinſtructed to feign himſelf a revolted Traytor, and that he came of purpoſe ;
to tell them, that if they would but go with him, they might take all the chief Ladies and Gentlewo- Sotong firars-
men of ATHENS On a ſudden, The MEGAR1ANS eafily believed him, and ſhipped forthwith gems. |
certain Souldiers to go with him. But when Solon perceived the Ship under fail coming from Sat a-
MINA, none 4 the women to depart, and inſtead of them he pur luſty beardleſs Springals
in their Apparel, and gave them little ſhort Daggers to convey under their Cloaks, commanding
them to play and. dance together upon the Sea fide, untill their Enemies were landed, and their Ship
at Anchor , and fo ir came to paſs. For the MEGAR1ANS being deceived by that they ſaw afar off,
aſſoon as ever they came to the ſhore ſide, did land in heaps, one in anothers neck, even for greedineſs,
to take theſe women : bur not a man of them eſcaped, for they were (lain every mothers fon. This
ſtratagem being finely handled, and to good effet, the ATHENIANS took Sea ſtraight and coaft-
ed over tothe Iſle of SALamna: whichthey took upon the ſudden, and wan it without much re- $oton wan 84+
liſtance, Other ſay that it was not taken after this ſort : but that polo Delphicus gave Solon firſt mins.
ſuch an Oracle ;
| Thou ſbal firſt win by Vows and Sacrifice ,
The help of Lords and demy-gods full bright :
Of whoſe dead bones, the duſt engraved lyes,
In weſtern ſoil, «A ſopia that hight,
By order of this Oracle, he onenight paſſed over toSartamixa, and did Sacrifice to Periphe-
776, and to Cichris demy-gods of the Countrey. - Which done, the ATHENTaNs delivered him
tive hundred men, who willingly offered themſelves ; and the City made an accord with them, that
if they rook the Iſle 'of SALAMINA , they ſhould bear greateſt Authority in the Commonweal.
Solon unbarked big Souldiers into divers Fiſher-boats, and appointed a Galliot of thirry Oars to come
aiter him, and he Anchored hard by the City of Sacanina, under the point which looketh towards
the Ifle of NeGarrontr, The MEGARIANS which were within SALAMINA , having by
chance heard ſome inkling of it, bur yer knew nothing of certainty, ran preſently in hurly burly to
arm them, and manyed out a (hip to bevy what it was. But they fondly coming within danger,
were taken by Solo, who clapped the MzGARIia xs under hatches faſt bound, and in their rooms
put
SOLON.
Grear ſtrife
betwixt the
Megarians and
Atbenians for
Salamina.lliad
lth. 2.
The manner of
burial with the
Megarians and
the Athenians.
Solon defend-
eth the cauſe!
of the Temple
of Delphos.
put aboard in their Ship the choiceſt Souldiers he had of the AT#tEn1a ns, commanding them
to ſet their courſe dire& upon the City, and to keep themſelves as cloſe out of fight as could be. And
he himſelf with all the reſt of his Souldiers landed preſently, and marched to encounter with the M x-
GARIANS , Which were come out into the Field, Now whilſt they were fighting together, Solon;
men whom he had ſent in the MEGAarI1ans Ship, entred the Haven and wor the Town, This
is certainly true, and teſtified by that which is ſhewed yer at this day. For to keepa memorial
hereof, a Ship of ATHENS arriveth quietly at the firſt, and by and by thoſe that are in the Ship
make a great ſhout, and a man armed leaping our of the Ship , runneth ſhouting towards the
Rock called Sciradion, which is as they come from the firm Land : and hard by the ſame is the Tem-
ple of e Mars, which Solon built there after he had overcome the MEGar1AaNns in battle, from
whence he ſent back again thoſe Priſoners that he had taken (which were ſaved from the ſlaughter
of the Battle ) without any ranſom paying. Nevertheleſs, the MzG ar1a ns were ſharply benc
ſtill rs recover SALAMINA again, Much hurt being done and ſuffered on both fides : both parts in
theend made the LA CEDEAMONIANS judges of the quarrel. But upon judgement given, common
report is, that Hemers Authority did Solon good ſervice, becauſe he did add theſe Verſes to the num-
ber of Ships, which are in the Iliads of Zomer, which he rehearſed before the Judges, as if they had
been indeed written by Homer : |
Ajax that Champion ſtout, did lead with him in charge,
T welve Ships from Salamina ſoil, which he had left at large,
And even thoſe ſelf-ſame Ships, in battle did he caſt,
And place in order for to fight, with Enemies force at laſt,
In that ſame very place, whereas it ſeemed then,
The Captains which from Athens came, imbattl'd had their men,
Howbeit the ATHENIANS ſelves think, it was bur a tale of pleaſure : and ſay that Solon: made ir
appear to the Judges, that Phileus, and Exryſaces (both eAjax Sons) were made free Denizons of
ATHENS. Whereupon they gave the Iſle of SALamina unto the ATHEN1aNs, and one of
them .came to dwell in a place called Brauron, in the Countrey of ATT1c a : and the other in a
Town called M1LETum. And for due proof thereof, they ſay there is yet a certain Canton or
Quarter of the Countrey of ATTICA , which is called the Canton of the Phileides, after the name
of this Phileus, where Pyſiſtratus was born, And it is ſaid moreover, that Solon (becauſe he would
throughly convince the MEGARIANS ) did alledge that the SaLamiNians buried not the dead
after the MEGARIANS manner , but after the ATHENIANs manner. For in MEGara they
bury the dead with their faces to the Eaſt : andin ATHENs their faces are towards the Weſt, Yer
Hereas the e Megarian denyeth it, ſaying, that the MEG arIA ns 'did bury them alſo with their fa-
ces towards the Weſt : alledging moreover, that at ATHENs every Coarſe had his own Bier or
Coffin by it ſelf, and that at MEGARA they did put three or four Coarſes together. They ſay
alſo there were certain Oracles of eApollo Pythias, which did greatly help- Sb», by which the god
called SALamiNa, JonNla. This ſtrite was judged by five Arbitrators, 'alf SpagT ans born:
that is to ſay, Critolaidas, eAmompharetus, Hypſechidas, — and Cleomenes. Solon un-
doubredly won great glory and honour by this Exploit, yet was he much more honoured and eſteem-
ed, for the Oration he made in the defence of the Temple of e{polto, in the _ DELemos: de-
claring that it was not mieet to be ſuffered, that the CyRRHA&1A NS, ſhould attheir pleaſure abuſe the
Sanuary of the Oracle, and that they ſhould aid the Det yH1a Ns in honour and reverence of
eApollo, Whereupon the Council of the «Amphittyons, being moved with his words and perſwaſi-
ons , proclaimed Wars againſt the CyRRH&1ANS, as divers other do witneſs, and eſpe-
cially eAriſtotle, in the Story he wrote of thoſe that won the Pythian Games, where he aſcriberh
unto Solor the honour of that determination. Nevertheleſs Hermippus ſaith, Solon was not made
General of their Army, as Exanthes Samian hath written. For eAſchines the' Orator wrote no
ſuch thing of him : and in the Chronicles of the Ds L p414 ws they find, that one Alcmeon, and
not Solon, was the General of the ATHEN1ans. Now the City of ATHeNs had along time
been vexed and troubled through Cylons hainous offence, ever ſince the year that eHegacles ( Go-
vernour of the: City of ATHENS) did with fair words handle ſo the Confederates of the Rebellion
of Cylon, which had taken Sanctuary within the liberties of the Temple of e Minerva: that he per-
{waded them to be wiſe; and to preſent themſelves before the Judges, holding by a thread, which
they ſhould tie about the Baſe of the Image of the goddeſs where ſhe ſtood, becauſe they ſhould
not loſe their liberty. Bur when they were come to the place of the honourable goddeſſes {o called,
(which be the Images of the Furies ) coming down to preſent themſelves before the Judges, the
thread brake of ir ſelf. Then eHegacles, and other Officers his Companions, laid hold on them
preſently, ſaying, that it was a'maniteſt ſign that the goddeſs Minerva refuſed ro ſave them. So
thoſe they rook, and all they. could lay hands on were immediately ſtoned to death wirhout the City :
the reſt which took the Alrars of refuge, were (lain there alſo. And none were ſaved, but ſuch as
had made means to the Governours Wives of the Ciry, to- intreat for them : which from that
time forth were ever hated of the people, and commonly called the abjets and excomimunicates.
Who being the Iſſues of the Rebels that roſe with Cyloz, chanced to riſe again in credit, and grow-
ing to great Authority, they never —_— and fighting continually with the off-ſpring of Me-
gacles, Thele factions weregreateſt and higheſt in So/o7s time : who being of Authoriry, and ſeeing
the People thus divided in two parts, he ſtepped in between them , with the ' chiefeſt men of A-
THENS, and did ſo perſwade and intreat thoſe whom they called the abjetts and excommunicates,
that
SOLON __
that they were contented to be judged. So three hundred of the chiefeſt Cizizens were choſen Jud
to hear this matter. The acculex was Hyron Phiyeion. ' his matter was heaxd and pleaded, —_—
ſentence of the Judges, the excommunicates were condemned. Thoſe that were alive, to perpetua
exile : and the bones of them that were dead, to: be digged up, and thrown. out of the Confines of
the Terruory of AT#ENS, But whillt the-Ciry of ATH+ Ns was occupied with theſe uproars,
the MEG ARIA NS wilely caught hold of the ion, delivered, and fer upon the Arrenians,
took from them. the Haven of N1s44 , and recovered again out of their hands the Iſle of Sa-
LAMINA. Furthermore, all the City was poſſeſſed with a certain ſuperſtitious fear : for ſome
faid, that Spirits were come again, aud fights were ſeen, The Prognoſticators alſo ſaid;
they perceived by their Sacrifices the City was defiled with ſomeabominable and wicked things, which
were of neceilicy to be purged and thrown out. Hereupon they ſent into CRETA for Epiment- ,,.._.,_
des Pheſtian, whom they reckoned the ſeventh of the wiſe men, at the leaſt fuch as will not allow Pheſtus taken
Periander for one of the number. He was a holy and devout man, and very wile in celeſtial things, for one of the
by inſpiration from above: by reaſon whereof, men of his time called him the new Cxreres, that is ſeven Sages,
te {ay, Prophet : and he was thought the Son of a Nymph called Zaire. When he was come to _—_— hy
ATHENS, and. grown in friendſhip with Soloz, be did help him much, and made hisway for eſta.
bliſhing of his Laws. For he acquainted the ATHENIANS to make their Sacrifices much lighter,
and of leſs coſt : and brought the Citizens to be more moderate in their mourning, with cutting off
certain ſevere and barbarous Ceremonies, which the molt part of Women obſerved in their mourn-
ing : and he ordained certain Sacrifices which he would have done immediately after the Obſequies
of the dead. But that which exceeded all the reſt, was, that by ufing the Citizens unto holineſs
and devotion, daily Sacrifices, Prayers unto the gods, purging of themſelves, and humble Offer-
ings : he wan mens hearts by linle and little, to yield them more conformable to Juſtice, and co
be more enclined to concord and unity. It is reported alſo that E pimenides when he ſaw the Haven of
Munychia, and had long conſidered. of is : told thoſe about him, that men were very blind in fore-
ſeeing things tocome, For if the ATHENIANS (laid he) knew what hurt this Haven would bring
them, they would eat it (as they lay) with their teeth, Ir is ſaid alſo that Thales did prognoſti-
cate ſuch a like thing, who after his death commanded they ſhould bury bis body in ſome vile place,
of no reckoning, within the Territory of the MiLESIANS, ſaying , that one day there ſhould be
the place of a Ciry, Epimenides therefore being marvelloully eſteemed of every man for theſe cau-
ſes, was greatly henoured of the ATHENIANS, and they offered him great. Preſents of Money
and other things, byt be would take nothing, and onely prayed them to give him a bough of the
holy Olive : which chey granted bim, and fo he returned ſhortly home into CRzTA. Now that ,,,.._--.
this ſedition of Cylon was utterly appealed in ATHENS, for that the Excommunicates were ba- the & rem a:
niſhed the Coyntrey, the City fell again into their old rroubles and difſentions about the Government Athens.
of the Commonweal : and they were divided into ſo divers parts and factions, as there were peo-
ple of ſundry places and Territories within the m— ATT1CA. For there were the people
of the Mountains, and the people of the Valleys, and the people of the Sea Coaſt. Thoſe of the
Mountains took the common peoples part for their lives. Thoſe of the Valley, would a few of
the beſt Citizens ſhould carry the ſway. The Coaft-men would that neither of them ſhould prevail,
becauſe they would have had a mean Government, and mingled of them both. Furthermore, the
Faction between the poor and rich, proceeding of their unequality, was at that time very great,
By realqn whereof the City was in great , and it ſeemed there was no way to pacifie or take
up theſe controverſies, unleſs ſome Tyrant happened to riſe, that would take upon him to rule the
whole. For all the common people were {p ſore indebxed to the rich, that either they ploughed their ,, ..
Lands, and yielded them the ſixth part of their Crop : (for which caule they were called _— Forwhowar 1. 9
ris and Servants) or elſe they borrowed Money of them at uſury, upon gage of their bodies to ſerve ,
it owt. And if they werenot able to pay them, then were they by the Law gelivered to their Credi-
tors., who kept them as Bond-men and Slaves in their houſes, or elſe they ſent them into ſtrange
Countreys to be ſold : and many even for very poverty were forced to ſell their own Children ( for
there was no Law to forbid the contrary ) or elſe to forſake their City and Countrey, for the extream -.
cruelty and hard dealing of theſe abominable Uſurers their Creditors. Inſomuch that many of the
luſtieſt and Routeſt of them , banded together in Companies, and incouraged one another, not to
luſter and bear any | ſych extremity, but to chooſe them a tour and truſty Caprain, that might
ſet them at liberty, and redeem thoſe out of eaptivity, which were judged to be Bond-men and Ser-
vants, for lack of paying their debts art their. days appointed : and fo to make again a new di-
vilion of all Lands and Tenements, and wholly to change and turn up the whole State and Govern-
ment, Then the wiſeſt men of the City, who ſaw Solon onely neither partner with the rich in their $toxs equity
oppreſlion, neither partaker with the pdor in their neceſlicy, made ſuit ro him, that i would pleaſe and upright-
him to take the matter in hand, and to appeaſe and pacifie all theſe broils and ſedition. Yer Phanias _ _—
. Lesbian wrizeth, that he uſed a ſubtilty, whereby he deceived both the one and the other fide, con- ry Se 5m
cerning tbe Cammonweal. For he ſecretly promiſed the poor to divide the Lands again : and the þgrivixe the
rich alſo, to confirm their Covenants and Bargains. Howfſoever it fell out, it is very certain that poor and rich.
Solon from the beginning made it a great mater, and was very ſcrupulous to deal berween them :
fearing the coverouſneſs of the one, and arrogancy of the other. Howbeit in the end he was cho- #1
len Governour after Philon-brots, and was made reformer of the ri of the Laws, and the tem- ——— - p
Perex of the State and Commonweal, by conſent and agreement of borh parties. The rich accep- ,1;. G,yer-
ted him, becauſe he was no begger the poor did alſo like him, becauſe be was an honeſt man, _ nour.
ay
ac > Ge 0,9. 0
nn Ww-
——_—
"I =
** _
Solon choſen
SOLON.
ſay moreover, that one word and ſentence which he ſpake, (which at that preſent was rife in every
mans mouth) thar equality did breed no ftrife, did as well pleaſe the rich and wealthy, as the poor
and 'needy. For-the one ſort conceived of this word Equality, that he would meaſure all thihgs ac-
cording to the quality of the man : and the other rook it for their purpoſe, that he would meaſure
all rings by the number, and by the poll onely. Thus the Captains of both Fa&tions perſwaded
and prayed him, boldly' to take upon him that Soveraign Authority, fithence he had the whole
City now at his commandment. The Neuters alſo of every part, when they ſaw it very hard to
pacifie theſe things with Law and Reaſon, were well content that the wiſeſt, and honefteſt man,
{hould alone have the Royal Power in his hands, Some fay alſo that there was ſuch an Oracle of
ef pollo :
Sit thou at helm, as Governonr to - ſteer,
To-guide our courſe, and rule the rowling Ship :
For thou ſhalt ſee, full many eAthenians there,
Will take t muy and after thee will trip.
Solon refuſets But his familiar friends above all rebuked him, ſaying he wasto be accounted no better than a beaſt;
ro be a tyrant. if for, fear of the name of Tyrant, he would refuſe ro take upon him a Kingdom : which is the moſt
Tinnondas and juſt and honourable ftate, if one take it upon him that is an honeſt man. As in old time, Tinnondas
Pittacus ty- made himſelf King of thoſe of NeGREPoNT, with their conſent : and as Pirtacas was then pre-
aww anſwer fently of thoſeof MET ELIN. Nowvithſtanding, all ——_ reaſons could not make him once
for tyranny. Alter his opinion. And they ſay that he anſwered his friends, that Principality and Tyranny, was in-
deed a goodly place : howbeit there was no way for a man to get out, when he was once entred into
it, Andin certain Verſes that he wrote to Phocxs, thus he ſaid :
1 neither bluſh, nor yet repent my ſelf,
That have preſerv'd my native ſoil alwates,
And that therein ( to hoard up traſh and pelf )
No T yrants thought could once eclipſe my praiſe.
No might could move my mind to any wrong,
Which might beblot the glory of my name :
For ſo 1 ls, to live in honour long,
And far excell all other men of fame, |
Hereby appeareth plainly, that even before he was choſen reformer of the State, to ſtabliſh new
Laws, he was then of great —— Authority, But he himſelf writeth, that many ſaid of bim
thus, after he had refuſed the occaſion of uſurping of this Tyranny :
Sure Solon Was a fool, and of a baſhfull minid, |
That would refuſe the great good hap, which gods to him aſſign'd.
The prey was in his bak yer durſt he never draw
The -net therefore : but ſtodd abaſht, and like a daſtard daw.
For had not that ſo been, he would (for one days raign,
To be a King in Athens Town ) himſelf (all quick,) bave ſlain.
And ehg ſubverted quite his Family withall,
| So ſweet it #5 to rule the roſt, 'yclad in Princely pall. CE >
Thus brought the common rumor to taber on his head. Now, notwithſtanding he had refuſed
the Kingdom, yet he waxed nothing the more remiſs-nor ſoft therefore in governing, neither would
he bow for fear of the great, nor yet would frame his -Laws to their liking that had choſen bim
their reformer. For where the miſchief was tolerable, he did not ſtraight pluck it up by the
roots: neither did he ſo change the State, as he might have done, left if he: ſhould have attempted
Excellent tem- to turn upſide down the whole Government, he might afterwards have been never able to ſettle
- and ftabliſh the ſame again, Therefore he onely altered that, which he thought by reaſon he would
perſwade his Citizens unto, or elſe by force he ought to compell -them to accept, mingling as he
ſaid, ſour with ſweet, and force with juſtice. And herewith agreeth his Anſwer that he made af-
terwards unto one that asked him, if he had made the beſt Laws he could for the Arys nia ns?
Yea ſure, faith he, ſuch as they were to conceive. And this that followeth alſo, they have ever
Things hateful ſince obſerved in the Athenian Tongue : to make certain things pleaſant, that be hatefull, finely
made pleaſant conveying them under colour of pleaſing names. As calling Whores, Lemans : Taxes, Contribu-
_ lweet" tions: Garriſons, Guards : Priſons, Houſes. - And all this came up firſt by Solons invention , who
Clearing of Called clearing of debts, Seiſachtheian : in Engliſh, Diſcharge. For the firſt change and reformation
debts Solons he made in Government was this : he ordained that all manner of debts paſt ſhould be clear, and no
firſt Law, _ body ſhould ask his debtor any thing for the time paſt. That no man ſhould thenceforth lend Mo-
Uſury forbid- ney out to uſury, upori Covenants for the body to be bound, if it were not repayed, Howbeit ſome
—— write (as erdrotion among other) that the poor were contented that the intereſt onely for uſury
The org ſhould be moderated, without taking away the whole debt : and that Solon called this eafie and gentle
money cried diſcharge, Seiſachrheian, with crying up the value of Money. For he raiſed the pound of filver, be-
up by Solon. ing before bur thre>ſcore and thirteen Drachmes, full uponan hundred : ſo they which were to pay
great ſums of Money, payed by tale as much as they ought, but with leſs number of pieces than
the Debt could have been payed when it was borrowed. And ſo the Debtors gained much, and the
Creditors loſt nothing. Nevertheleſs the greater part of them which have written the ſame, ſay,
that this crying up of Money, wasa general diſcharge of all Debts, Conditions and Covenants upon
the ſame : whereto the very Poems themſelves, which Solo wrote, do ſeem to agree. For he glo-
ri
o
i
SOLON; =
% —_—
rieth, and breaketh forth in his Verſes, that he had taken away all bawkes and marks that ſeparated
mens Lands through rhe Countrey of ATT1cA : and that now hehad fer ar liberty , that which be-
fore was in bondage. And that of the Citizens of ATHENS , which for lack of payment of their
debts had been condemned for Slaves to their Creditors, he had brought many home again out of
ſtrange Countreys , where they had been ſo long , that —_— forgotten to ſpeak their naturall
Tongue + and other which remained at home in captivity , he had now ſet them all ar good liberty.
But while he was in doing this , men ſay a thing thwarted him , that troubled him marvellouſly. For
having framed an Edi& for clearing all debts , and lacking onely a little to grace it with words, and to _ would
—_— 4 ! : x pt lecrert
give it ſome prerty Preface , that otherwiſe was ready to be proclaimed : he opened himſelf ſornewhat tj11 they be
to certain of his familiars whom hetruſted (as Conor , Clinias , and Hipponicws ) and told them how publiſhed,
he would not meddle with Lands and Poſſetſions, but would onely clear and cut off all manner of
debts. Theſe men before the Proclamation came out , went preſently to the Money-men, and bor- 1! conſciences
rowed great ſums of Money of them , and laid it out ſtraight upon Land. So when the Proclamation ”? _ __
came out , they kept the Lands they had purchaſed , bur reſtored notthe Money they had borrowed, ©
This foul part of theirs made $0{- very ill ſpoken of , and wrongfully blamed : as if he had no:
onely ſuffered it, but had been partaker of this wrong and injuſtice. Notwithſtanding he cleared
himſelf of this ſlanderous report, loſing five Talents by his own Law. For it was well known that A ood Lavw-
ſo much was due unto him , and he was the firſt that following his own Proclamation , did clearly re- maker begin-
leaſe his debtors of the ſame. Other ſay he was owing fifteen Talents, and among the ſame, Poly- "=® *0 60 b
z:lus the Rhodian is one that affirmeth ir. Notwithſtanding they ever after called Solons friends, Cre- 1m Bl el.
ocopides , cutters of debts. This Law neither liked the onenor the other ſort. For it greatly offended
the rich for cancelling their bonds : and it much more miſliked the poor , becauſe all Lands and Poſ-
ſeſſions they gaped for , were not made again common, and every- body alike rich and wealthy, as
Lycurgus had made the Lac&D&MoNIANS, But Zycxrgus was the eleventh deſcended of the
right Line from Hercxles , and bad many years been King of Laczpaaon , where he had gotten
great authority , and made himſelf many friends : all which things together , did greatly help himto
execute that , which he wiſely had imagined for the order of the Common-weal. Yet alſo, he uſed
more perſwaſion then force , a good witneſs thereof the loſs of his eye : preferring a Law before
his private injury , which hath power to preſerve a City long in union and concord, and to make Ci-
tizens to be neither poor nor rich. Sofox could not attain to this, for he was born in a popular
ſtate, and a man but of mean wealth ; Howbeit he did what he could poſſible, with the power he
had, as one ſeeking to win no credit with his Citizens , but onely by his counſell. Now, that he
got the ill will of the greater part of the Ciry, by his Proclamation which he made , be himſelfdoth
witneſs it , ſaying : ;
Eves thoſe Which earſt , did bear me friendly face ,
And ſpake full fair , wherever Ithem met :
Gan now begin, to lock full grim of grace,
And were (like foes) 1n force againſt me ſet.
As if I had done them ſome ſpight or ſcorn,
Or open wrong , Which were not to be born,
Nevertheleſs he ſaith immediately after , that with the ſame Authority and Power he had, a man
poſtibly
Conld not controll the Peoples minds :
Nor ſtill their brains, which wrought like winds.
But ſhortly after , having a feeling of the benefit of this Ordinance , and eyery one forgetting hispri-
vate quarrell : they altogether made a common Sacrifice , which they called the Sacrifice of Se;/ach-
theia , or diſcharge,and choſe Solon generall reformer of the Law, and of the whole ſtate of the Com- So{ons abſolute
mon-weal, without limiting his power , but referred all matters indifferently to his will ; as the Office , —— -_
of State, common Aſſemblies , voices in Election , Judgements in Juſtice, and the Body of the Senate. cn PETE
And they gave him alſo full power and authority , to ſeis and tax any of them, to appoint the num-
ber , what time the- Seſs ſhould continue, and to keep , confirm, and diſanull at his pleaſure , any
of the ancient Laws and Cuſtomes then in being, To begin withall , he firſt took away all Dracons $14ton took 2-
bloody Laws , ſaving for murder , and man-ſlaughter , which were too ſevere and cruell, For almoſt way allDracons
he did ordain but one kind of puniſhment for all kind of faults and offences , which was death. So Laws.
that thty which were condemned for idleneſs, were judged to dye. And petty larceny , as robbing
mens Orchards and Gardens of fruit, or Herbs, was as ſeverely puniſhed, as thoſe who had com-
mitted Sacriledge or murder. Demades therefore encountred it pleaſantly , when he ſaid : that Dra-
cons Laws were not written with ink, but with bloud. And Draco himſelf being asked one day, why
his puniſhments were ſo.unequall, as death for all kinds of faults, he anſwered : Becauſe he thought the
leaſt offence worthy ſo much puniſhment : and for the greateſt , he found none more grievous. Then
Solon being deſirous to have the chief Offices of the City to remainin rich mens hands, as already they
did , and yer to mingle the authority of Government in ſuch ſort , as the meaner people might bear a
litle ſway, which they never could before: he made an eſtimate of the Goods of every private Citi- Solon rateth e
zen, And thoſe which he found yearly worth 5co buſhels of Corn,and other liquid fruits and upwards, very Citizen
he called Pentacofiomedimnes : as to ſay, five bundred buſhell men of revenue. And thoſe that had 300 has 16
buſhels a year ,and were able to keep a horſe of ſervice, he pur in the ſecond degree, and called them. Pen: acofigme-
Knights, They that might diſpend but two hundred buſhels a year , were put in the third place F dimn.
H an
————_.
74 SOLO Ns
Zeugite, and called Zexgires. All other under thoſe, were called Thetes,as ye would ſlay, Hirelings, or Craft(.
Thetes, men living of their labour : who he did not admit to bear any Office in the City, neither were they
taken as free Citizens , ſaving they had voices in eleCtions, and Aſſemblies of the City, and in Judge-
ments , where the People wholly judged. This at the firſt ſeemed nothing, bur afterwards they felr ir
was to great purpoſe , for hereby the moſt part of private quarrels and ſtrife that grew among them,
were in the end laid open before the People. For he ſuffered thoſe to appeal unto the People, which
The darkneſs thought they had wrong judgement in their cauſes. Furthermore , becauſe his Laws were written
of the Law in- ſomewhat obſcurely , and might be diverſly taken and interpreted , this did give a great deal more au-
nar a” *h. thority and power to the Judges. For, conſidering all their controverſies could not be ended and
Judah is hs judged by expreſs Law , they were driven of neceſlity always to run to the judges, and debated
as their matters before them. Inſomuch as the j by this means came to be ſomewhat above the
Law : for they did even expound it as they woul themſelves. Solcn {elf doth note. this equall di-
viſion of the publick Authority , in a place of his Poeſtes, where he ſaith ;
Such power have I given, to common Peoples hand,
A's might become their mean eſtate, with equity to ſtand :
And as I have not plucks, from them their dignity,
So have I not too much increas'd their ſmall authority.
Unto the rich likewiſe, I have allowed no more,
Then well might ſcem ( in juſt conceit )) ſufficient for their ſtore.
And ſo I have for both provided in ſuch Wiſe ,
That neither ſhall each other wrong, nor ſcem for to deſpiſe.
Yet conſidering it was meet to provide for the poverty of the common ſort of people, he ſuffered any
man that would , to take upon him the defence of any poor mans caſe that had the wrong. For if
a man were hurt, beaten , forced, or otherwiſe wronged , any other man that would might lawfully
ſue the offendor, and proſecute Law againſt him. And this was a wiſe Law ordained of him, to cuſtom
his Citizens to be ſorry for anothers hurt, and foto feel it, as if any part of his own body had been
injured. And they ſay he made an anſwer on a time agreeable to this Law, For, being asked what
City he thought beſt _ he anſwered : That City where ſuch as receive no wrong , do as ear-
neſtly defend wrong to other , as the very wrong and injury had been done unto themſelves,
The Council Heeretted alſo the Council of the Ayropayites , of thoſe Magiſtrates of the City, out of which they
of the Areo- did yearly chuſe their Governour : and he himſelf had been of that number, for that he had been
pagites. Governour for a year. Wherefore perceiving now the People were grown toa ſtomack and haughti-
neſs of mind becauſe they were clear diſcharged of their debts, he ſet up for matters of State , an-
Three Coun. Other Council of an hundred , choſen out of every Tribe , whereof four hundred of them were to
cilsereted in conſult and debate of all matters , before they were propounded to the People : that when the great
Athens. Council of the People at large ſhould be-affembled , no matter ſhould be put forth , unleſs it had
been before well conſidered of , and digeſted , by the Council of the four hundred. Moreover, he
ordained the higher Court ſhould have the chief authority and power ever all things, and chiefly to
ſee the Law executed and maintained : ſuppoſing that the Common-weal being ſetled , and ſtayed
with theſe two Courts ( as with two frong Anker-holds) it ſhould be the lefs turmoiled and trou-
bled , and the Peoplealfo better pacified and quieted. The moſt part of Writers hold this opinion,
that it was Solon which erected the Council of the Areopagites , aswe have ſaid, and it is very likely
to be true, for that Dracos in all his Laws and Ordinances made no manner of mention of the A-
reopagites, but always ſpeaketh to- the Ephetes ( which were Judges of life and death ) when he ſpake
Other Laws os f murder, or of any mansdeath. Nothwithſtanding , the eighth Law of the thirteenth Table of $«-
Solon. lon faith thus , in theſe very words : All fuch as have been baniſhed or detected of naughty life, before
Seton made his Laws, ſhall be reſtored again to their Goods and good name , except thoſe which were
condemned by order of the Council of the Arropagites , or by the Ephetes, or by the Kings in open
Ceurt, for murder, and deathof = By , Or for aſpiring to uſurp tyranny. Theſe words ro the
contrary ſeem to prove and reftifie, that the Council of the Areopagires was , before Solon was cho-
ſen reformer of the Laws. For how could offenders and wicked men be conderaned , by order of the
Council of the Areopagites before Solox, if Solon was the firſt that gave it authority ro judge ? un-
leſs a man will ſay peradventure, that he would a little help the matter of his Laws which were ob-
ſcure and dark , and would ſupply that they lacked , with expounding of the ſame by them, Thoſe
which ſhall be found attained and convicted of any matrer , that hath been heard before the Coun-
cil of the Areopagites, the Epheres , or the Governours of the City , when this Law ſhall come forth,
ſhall ſtand eondemned ſtill , and all other ſhall be pardoned, reftored and fer at liberty. Howſoever
itis, ſure that was his intent and meaning. Furthermore _— the reſt of his Laws , one of them in-
deed was of his own device: for the like was never ftabliſhed elſewhere. And it is thar Law , that
pronounceth him defamed , and unhoneſt, who in a civill uproar among the Citizens, ſirteth ſtill a loo-
ker on, and a neuter , and'taketh part withneither ſide. Whereby his mind was, as it ſhould ap-
pear , thar private men ſhould not be onely carefull ro put themſelves and their cauſes in ſafety, nor
yet ſhould be careleſs for other mens matters , or think it a vertue not to meddle with the miſerics
and misfortunes of their Countrey , but from the beginning of every ſedirion that rhey ſhould joyn
with thoſe that take the jufteſt cauſe in hand , and rather to need themſelves with ſuch , then to
rarry booking ( without putting themſelves in danger ) which of the two ſhould have the viRory.
There is anothes Law alſo, which at the firft fight methinketh is very unhoneſt and fond ; Thar if
any
A Law againſt
neuters.
SOLO N;, 75
— — O— —
— —— ——
any man according to the Law hath matched with a rich Heir and Inheritor ; and of himſelf is im-
potent , and unable to do the Office of an Husband , ſhe may lawtully lye with any whom ſhe likech, An A& for
of her Husbands neareſt Kinſmen. Howbeit ſome affirm , that itis a wiſe made Law for thoſe, which matchiug with
knowing themſelves unmeet to entertain Wedlock , will for covetouſneſs of Lands, marry with Inheritors.
rich Heirs and Poſſeſſioners , and mind to abuſe poor Gentlewomen under the colour of Law :
and will think to force and reſtrain Nature, For, ſeeing the Law ſuffereth an Inheritor or Poſſe(-
fioner thus ill beſtowed, at her pleaſure to be bold with any of her Husbands Kin: men will either
leave to purchaſe ſuch Marriages , or if they be ſo careleſs that they will needs marry , it ſhall be to
their extream ſhame and ignominy , and ſo ſhall they deſervedly pay for their greedy covetouſneſs.
And the Law is made well alſo , becauſe the Wife hath not ſcope to all her Husbands Kinſmen , bur
unto one choiſe man whom ſhe liketh beſt of his Houſe : to the end that the Children that ſhall be
born, ſhall beat the leaſt of her Husbands bloud and kindred. This alſo confirmeth the ſame , that
ſuch anew married Wife ſhould be ſhut up with her Husband , andeat a Quince with him : and that
he alſo which marrieth ſuch an Inheritor , ſhould of duty fee her thrice 4 Moneth at the leaſt. For
alhough he ger no Children of her , yer it is an honour the Husband dothto his Wite, arguing char
he raketh her for an honeſt Woman, that he loverh her , and that he efteemerh of her. Betides, it
raketh away many miſlikingsand diſpleaſures which oftentimes happen in ſuch caſes, and keeperh love
and good will waking , that it die not utterly berween them. Furthermore , he took away all Joyn- Solon forbid-
ters and Dowries in other Marriages, and willed that the Wives ſhould bring their Husbands but three deth Joynters
Gowns onely , with ſome other little Moveables of ſmall value, and without any other thing as it *29 Powries.
were: utterly forbidding that they ſhould buy their Husbands , or that they ſhould make Merchan-
dize of Marriages, as of other Trades to gain, bur would that Man and Woman ſhould marry to-
gether for Iſſue, for pleaſure, and for love, but in no caſe for money. And for proof hereof, 'Dis- Diomfous Cay-
7yſsus the Tyrant of S1CILIE , one day anſwered his Mother ( which would needs be married to ing of Marria-
a young man of SYRAcusA ) in this fort : I have power ( faith he ) to break the Laws of Sv-
RACUSA , by having che Kingdom : but to force the Law of Nature, or to make Marriage with-
out the reaſonable compals of age, that paſſeth my reach and Power. So it is not tolerable, and
much leſs allowable alſo , rhat fuch diſorder ſhould be in well ordered Cities, that ſuch uncomely and
unfir Marriages ſhould be made , between couples of unequall years : conſidering there is no meet
nor neceffary end of ſuch Matches: A wiſe Governour of a City, or a Judge and reformer of Laws
and manners, might well ſay to an old Man that ſhould marry with a young Maid , as the Poet
ſaith of Phzlotteres :
244.3
5
Ab ſilly wretch , how trim a man art thou ,
At theſe young years, for to be married now ? 5
And finding a young man in an old rich womans houſe, getting his living by riding of her errands,and
waxing fat, as they ſay the Partridge doth , by treading of the Hens : he may take him from thence,
to beſtow him on ſome young Maid that thall have need of an husband. And thus much for this mat-
ter. But they greatly commend another Law of So{oxs , which forbiddeth to ſpeake ill of the dead. A Law forbid-
For it is 2 good and godly thing .to think , that they ought not to touch the dead, no more than to %i"S *2 ſpeak
rouch boly things : and men ſhould take great heed to offend thoſe that are departed out of this ow _
World : befides, it is a token of wiſdom and civility , to beware of immorrtall enemies. He com- *
manded alſo in the ſelf-ſame Law, that no man ſhould ſpeak ill of the living, ſpecially in Churches,
during Divine Service, or in Councell. chamber of the City , nor in the Theaters whileſt Games were
a playing : upon-pain of three ſilver Drachmes to be paid to him that was injured , and two to the Drachma;
common Treaſury. For he thought it roo much ſhameleſs boldneſs , in no place to keep in ones
choler , and moreover, that ſuch lacked civility and good manners : and yet altogether to ſuppreſs
and ſmother it: ; he knew it was not onely a hard matter , but ro ſome natures impottile. And he that
makerh Laws; muſt have regard to the common poflibility of men , if he will puniſh little, with pro-
hrable example; and-nor much. without ſome profit, So was he marvellouſly well thought of , for A Law for
the Eaw tharhe made'ronching Wills and Teftaments. For betore, men might not lawfully make their Wills and Te-
Heirs whonv they would , burthe Goods came to the Children or Kinred of the Teſtator. But he =
leaving it -ar liberty; rodiſpoſetheir Goods where they thought good , ſo they had no Children of
their own : did [therein prefer friendſhip before kindred, and good will and favour before neceſſity and
conſtraint; and: ſo" made every one Lord and Maſter of his own Goods. Yet he did not ſimply and
alike allow of all ſorts'of gifts,” however they were made , but thoſe onely which were made by men
of ſound memory ;: or: by thoſe whoſe wits failed them not by extream ſickneſs ,; or through Drinks ,
medicines , Poyſonings, charms, or other ſuch violence and extraordinary means, neither yet through
the inticements and perſwaſions of women. As thinking very wiſely, there was no difference at all
berween thoſethat-were evidently forced by conſtraint, and thoſe that were compaſſed and wrought
by ſubornation'at, tengrh to'do a thing againſt their will , raking fraud in this caſe equall with violence ,
and pleaſure with ſorrow, as paſſions with madneſs, which commonly have as much force the one as
the other , todraw and drive men from- reaſon, He made another Law alſo, in which he appointed |
women their timesto go abroad into the fields , their mourning , their Feaſt and Sacrifices, plucking A © tor
trom them all diſorder and wilfull liberty, which they uſed before. For he did forbid that they ſhould ad *
carry out of the City with them above three Gowns , and to take ViRuals with them above the va- |
lue of an balf penny , neither Basket nor Pannier above a cubit high : and ſpecially he did forbid
them to go in the night , other then in their Coach , and that a Torch ſhould be carried before them.
H 2 He
76
——
Crafts and
Occupations
adyanced.
of the Arcopa»
gies,
Drachme,
An A for
Wills,
that Well , for his uſe and ns.
and
SO LON. 77
and thoſe that dwell further off, ſhould go ſeek cheir water in other places where they would. Bur
if they had digged ten yards deep in the ground , and could find no water in the bottom , in this
caſe, they might lawfully go to their next neighbours Well , and rake a pot full of Water containing
fix gallons , twice a day : judging ir great reaſon that neceſliry ſhould be holpen, bur not that idle-
neſs ſhould be cheriſhed. He appointel alſo the ſpaces that ſhould be kept and obſerved by thoſe An A& for
that would ſer or plant Trees in-their Ground , as being a man very skilfull in theſe matters. For he P!2n*ing and
ordained, that whoſoever would: plant any kind: of Trees in his Ground , he ſhould ſer them five (ctting oftrees,
foot aſunder one from another : but for the Fig-tree and Olive-tree ſpecially , that they ſhould in
any caſe. be nine foot alunder-, becauſe theſe, two Trees do ſpread out their branches. far off, and
they cannor ſtand near other Trees bur they muſt "needs hurt them very much. For beſides that they
draw away the ſap that doth nouriſh the other Trees, they caſt alſo a certain moiſture and ſteam
upon them , that is very hurtfull. and incommodious. More he ordained, that whoſoever would dig
a pit or hole in his ground , ſhould dig it as far off from his neighbours pit , as the pit he digged was
in depth ro the bottom. And he that wouldſet up a Hive of Bees in his Ground, he ſhould ter them
at the leaſt three hundred foot from other Hives ſer-about him before. And of the fruits of the
Earth , he was contented they ſhould transport and ſell onely Oyl our of the Realm to ftrangers ,
but no other Fruit or Grain, He ordained that the Governour of the Ciry ſhould yearly pro-
claim open curſes againſt thoſe that ſhould do to rhe contrary , or elle he himſelf making detaulr
therein , ſhould be fined at an hundred Drachmes, This Ordinance is in the firſt Table of So/ons Prachwa.
Laws, and therefore we may not altogether diſcredit thoſe which ſay , they did forbid in the old
time , that men ſhould carry Figs. out of the Countrey of ATT1cCa , and that from thence ir came
that theſe pick-thanks , which bewray and accuſe them that tranſported Figs, were called Sycophan-
res. Hemade another Law alſo againſt the hurt that Beaſts might do unto men. Wherein he ordai-
ned ; That if a Dog did bite any man, he that ought him ſhould deliver to him that was bitten , his
Dog tied to a log of Timber of four cubits long : and this was a very good device , to make men
ſafe trom Dogs. Bur he was very ſtraight in one Law he made, thar no ſtranger might be made De.
nizon and Free-man of the City of ATHENS , unleſs he were a baniſhed man for ever out of his
Countrey , or elſe that he ſhould come and dwell there with all his Family , to exerciſe ſome Craft or
Science, Notwithſtanding , they ſay he madenot this Law ſo much to pur ſtrangers from their free-
dom there, as to draw them thither , afſuring them by this Ordinance , they might come and be free
of the City : and he thought moreover , that borh the one and the other would be more faithfull to
the Common-weal of ATHENS. The one of them, for that againſt their wills they were driven
to forſake their Countrey : and the other ſorr, for that adviſedly and willingly they were contented
to forſake it. This alſo was another of $S:/ons Laws , which he ordained for thoſe that ſhould feaſt
certain days at the Town-houſe of the City , at other mens coſt. For he would not allow that one Feaſts for
man ſhould come often to Feaſts there. And if any man weve invited thither ro the Feaſts, and did Townimen in
refuſe tocome , he did ſer a fine on his head , as reproving the miſerable niggardlineſs of the one, _ £ 4th ,
and the preſumptuous arrogancy of the other', to contern and deſpiſe common order. After he _——
had made his Laws , he did ſtabliſh them to continue for the ſpace of an hundred years , and they
were written in Tables of Wood called Axones , which were made more long then broad, in the ,,,,..
which they were graven : whereof there remain ſome Monuments yet in our time , which are to be :
ſeen in the Town-Hall of the City of ATHtns. Ariftorle fauh, that theſe Tables were called
Cyrbes., And Cratinus alſo the Comicall Poer faith in one place , of Sclon and Dracon : that Cyrbes
was a Veſſell or Pan wherein they did fry millet or hirſe. Howbeit others ſay , that Cyrbes properly Cyrber,
were the Tables , which contained the Ordinances of the Sacrifices: and Axones were the other Ta-
bles, that concerned the Common-weal. $0, all the Councels and Magiſtrates together did ſwear,
that they would keep Solons Laws themfelves, and alſo cauſe them to be obſerved of others throughly
and particularly. Then every one of the Theſmotkeres ( which were certain Officers attendant on the
Councell, and had ſpeciall charge to ſee the Laws obſerved ) did ſolemnly ſwear in the open Market
place, near the ſtone where the Proclamations are proclaimed : and every of them both promiſed,and
vowed openly to keep the ſame Laws , and that if any ofthem did in any one point break the ſaid Or-
dinances , then they were content that ſuch offendor ſhould pay to the Temple of Apollo, at the City
of DEL p1Os, an Image of fine gold , that ſhould weigh as much as himſelf. Moreover, Slon ſecing
the diſorder of the Moneths, and the moving of the Moon , which followed not the courſe of the Sun,
and uſed not to riſe and fall when the Sun doth , bur oft times in one day it doth both touch and paſs
the Sun : he was the firſt that called the change of the Moon , Ene car nea, as much to ſay, as old
and new Moon. Allowing that which appeared before the conjunction , to be of the Moneth paſt :
and that which ſhewed it fag after the conjuntion, to be of the Moneth following. And he was the
firſt alſo ( in my opinion ) that underſtood Homer rightly, when he ſaid ; Then beginneth the Monerh
when it endeth, The day following the change, he called Neomenia , as nuch to fay , as the new
Moneth, or thenew Moon. After the twentieth day of the Moneth which they called Jcad:, be
reckoned not the reſt of the Moneth, as increaſing, bur as in the wane : and gathered it by ſeeing the
light of the Moon decreaſing, untill the thirtieth day, Now after his Laws were come abroad ,and
proclaimed, there came ſome daily untohim , which either praifed chem, or miſliked chem,and prayed
him either to take away, or to-add ſome thing unto them. Many again came and asked him, how he
underſtood ſohe ſentences of his Laws : and requeſted him to declare his meaning , and thar it ſhould
be taken, Wherefore conſidering that it were to no purpoſe ro refuſe to do it ,,and again that .
H 3 woul:
*—
Theſmothetez.
IF
SOLON. EE
Solons travyell,
Clarius.
AEpie Called
$oles..
Craſuz in the
City of Sardj.
Craſus queſti-
on to Solon
rouching hap-
pineſs.
Solon eſteemed
Tcllas a happy
man.
would get him much envy and ll will to yield thereunto : hedetermined ( happen what would ) tg
wind himſelf our of theſe briers , and ro fly the groanings, complaints, and quarrels of his Citizens,
For he ſaith himſelf :
Full haxditis, all mms content to have,
| And ſpecially in matters hard and grave,
So, to convey himſelf a while out of the way , he took upon him to be Maſter of a Ship in a certain
voyage, and asked licenſe for ten years of the ATHENIAws 'to'go beyond Sea, hoping by that
time the ATHENIANS would be very well acquainted with his Laws. So went he to the Seas , and
the firſt place of his arrivall was in Agypt , where be remained a while, as he bimſelf ſaith,
Even there where Nilw , With his crooked cranks ,
By Canobe , falls into the Sea banks.
He went to his book there , and did conter a certain time with P /enophis Helsopolitan , and Sonchs,
Saitan , wo of the wiſeſt Prieſts at that time that were in EGy yT' : whom when he heard rehearſe
the Story of the Iſles ATLANTIDES as Plato writeth , he proyed to put the ſame inco Verſe, and
did ſend it abroad through GrEtct. Athis departure out of EGy PT , he went imo Cy pxus ,
where he had great courtelie and friendſhip of one of the Princes of that Countrey, called Philocypy us,
who was Lord of a pretty little City which Demophon ( Theſes ſon) cauſed to be built upon the
River of Clarie , and was of a-goodly ſtrong ſituation , but in a very lean and barren Countrey,
Whereupon Solon told him, it would do better a greatdeal to remoye it out of that place, into a very
fair and pleaſant Valley that lay underneath it ,-and there to make it larger and Rtatelier then ir was ;
which was done according to bis perſwafion. And Solon ſelf being preſent at it , was made Overſeer
of the Buildings , which he did belp to deviſe and order in good ſort, as well in reſpe& of pleaſure , 4s
for force and defence : infomuch as many people came from other places to dwell there, And herein
many. other Lords of the Countrey did follow the example of this Phil/ocyprue, who to honour Solen,
called this City SOLzs , which before was called &y1a. Sofox in his Elegies maketh mention of
this foundation , direCting bis words unto Philocyprue, as followeth :
So grant the gods, that thin, and thine off-ſpring ,
May clime to great and paſſing Princely ftatt :
Long time to live), imSoles flouriſhing.
And that they grant \, my ſhip avd: me good gate ,
When 1 from hence by ſeas ſhall taks my way :
That With her harp, dame Venus do wonchſafe
To waft me ffill, untill ſhe may convey
My ſelf again, ingo my Countrey ſafe.
Since I have been, the onily mean and man ,
Which here to build, this City firſt began. _..
And as for the meeting and talk betwixt bim and King Cre/# , 1 know there are that by diſtance
of time will prove it but a fable , and deviſed of pleaſure : but for my part 1 will not reje& , nor con-
demn ſo famous an Hiſtory , received and approved by ſo many grave teſtimonies; Moreover it is
very agreeable to Solas manners and nature, and al{q-not unlike to his wiſdom and magnanimity :
although in all points it agreethnot with certain tales. ( which = call Chronicles ) where they have
buſily noted the order and courſe of times, which even to this day , many have curiouſly ſought to
corre&, and could yet never diſcuſs it , nor accord all contrarieties and manifeſt repugnances in the
8 ſame. Solon at thedefire and requeſt of Cre/#s , went to {ee him in the City of SazD1s. When $0-
Solon ſaw king
lon was come thither, he ſeemed: to be in the ſelf-ſame taking that a man was once reported to be :
who. being born and bred upon the main Land , and had never ſeen the Sea neither far nor near,
did imagine every River that he ſaw had been the Sea. So Solon paſling alongſt (re/w Palace , and
meeting by the way many of the Lords of his Court richly apparelled , and carrying great trains of
Serving-men , and Souldiers about them : thought ever that one of them had been the King, untill
he was brought unto Creſw ſelf. Who was pailing richly arrayed , what for preciqus Stones and
Jewels, and for rich coloured Silks, layed on with curious Goldimichs work , and all to ſhew him-
ſelf to Soloy in moſt ſtately , ſumptuous, and magnificent manner. Who perceiving by Soloxs re-
pair. to his preſence, that he ſhewed no manner of ſign, nor countenance of wondering , to ſee ſo
great a ſtate before him , neither had given out any word near or likely to that which {eſs looked
for in his own imagination , but rather had delivered ſpeeches for men of judgement and under-
ſtanding to know , how inwardly he much did miſlike Cre/#s fooliſh vanity and baſe mind : then
Creſss commanded all his Treaſuries to be opened , where his gold and Silver lay : next, that they
ſhould ſhew him his rich and ſumptuous Wardrobes, although they needed not : for to ſeeCreſns
ſelf, it was enough to diſcern his nature and condition.* After he had ſeen all over and over, be-
ing brought again unto the preſence of the King : Cre/- asked him , if ever he had ſeen any man
more happy them himſelf was? Solox anſwered him, I bave : and chat was one Tells a Citizen of
ATHENS, who wasa marvellous honeſt man , and bad left his children behind him in good eſtima-
tion , and well tolive : and laftly , was moſt happy at his death , by dying bonourably in the field,
in defence of his Countrey. Creſ«s hearing this anſwer , began to judge him a man of little wit, or
of groſs underftanding, becauſe he didnot think , that to have ſtore of Gold and Silver , was the
onely joy and felicity of the World , and that he would prefer the life and death of a mean and
private man as mare happy , then all the riches and power of ſo mighty a King. Notwithſtanding
all
ns a AAA I ooo
all this, Crz/«s- yer asked him again : What other man beſide Tek he had ſeen happier then him-
ſelf > $.4on anſwered hom , rhathe bad {cen Chobu and Birrn » which were both brethren , and lo- Cleobis and Bj-
ved one another fingularty well , and their mother m {fuck ſort : that upon a ſolegm Feſtival day, #9n happy men,
when ſhe ſhould go roche Temple of 7*no im ber Coach drawn with Oxen ; becauſe they tarried
too long ere they.could be breught', they both. willingly yoaked chem(elves by the necks, and drew
their Mothers Coach inſtead of the Oxen, which marvellouſly rejoyced her, and ſhe was thought
moſt happy of all' other, to have born two ſuch. Sens. Afterwards when they had done Sacri-
fice ro the godlefs., and made good chear at the Feaſt of this Sacrifice , they went to bed : bur they
roſe not again the. next ruormng , for they were found dead without ſuffering hurt or ſorrow, at-
ter they had reveived ſo nuch glory and honour. {2/as then could a0 longer dridle in his patience ,
but breaking our intholer, ſaid .unco him : Why, doſt chou reckon me then in no. degree of happy
men? S»/an would neither tlacter him , nor further increaſe his heat, but anſwered him thus : © Sotoncemmen-
King of LYyD1aNs, the gods have. given us GREC1ANS all things in a mean, and amongſt other deth the mean,
things chiefly , .a baſe and popular Wiſdom , not Princely nor noble : which conſidering how mans
life s ubje&t to infinite changes , dorh forbid us to truſt or glory in thele worldly Riches. For time
brangeth daily'misformunes unto man. , which he never thought of , nor looked for. But when the No ey hap-
gods have continued.a mans gvod fortune to his end , then we think that man bappy and bleſſed, 7.4
and never before., Ocherwiſe, if we ſhould judge a man happy that liverh , conſidering he is ever
| in danger of change during life ; we ſhould be tnuch like tro him , who judgeth him theviRory be-
fore hand , chat is ti] a fighting, and may be vyercome , having no ſurety yet to carry it away. Af-
ter So.» had ſpoken-thele words, be depanted from the Kings preſence, and returned back again,
leaving King C-«ſw 9ffeded , bur nothing the wiſer, -nor amended. Now «£/op that wrote the
Fables, being at that time in the City of SARD1s , and ſent for thither by the King , who entercain-
ed him ' very honourably : was very forry to ſee that the King had given Solox no better entertain-
ment : ſo by way of adviſe he ſaid unto him : O $4 , either we muſt not come to Princes at all , or +/* faying
elſe we muſt ſcek ro pleaſe and content them. But Solon _— it tO the contrary, anſwered him ; © — Pos
Either we muſt not come to Princes, or elſe we muſt needs tell thern truly , and counſell them for - o” Fo"
the beſt, So Cre/« made light account of Solon at that time. But after he had loſt the Bartell a-
gainſt Cyrus , and that his City was taken , himſelf become Priſoner, and was bound faſt to a Gib-
ber , over a great ftack of Wood , to be burnt in the ſight of all the PexSs1aNs, and of Cyrus
his Enemy : he thea cryed out as lowd as he could, thrice together ; O Solon ! Cyrus being abaſh-
ed, ſent to ask him, whether this So/cx he onely cryed upon in his extream miſery , was a god or
man. Creſxs kept it not ſecret from him, but ſaid : he was one of the wiſe men of GrEEcE, xins Craſus
whom 1 ſent for to:come unto me on a certain time , not to learn any thing of him which I ſtood words of $1101
SOLO N, | 79
——— ———
oo \ AO At. AE. a
in need of, but oxely char he might witne(s my felicity , which chen 1 did enjoy : the loſs whereof hanging upon
is now more hurtfull, then rhe enjoying of the Tame was good and profitable, But now (alas) too Co ro be
e late I know it , thatche Riches 1. poſſefſed then, were but words and opinion, all which are turned p;.,-
, ing Riches are but
now to my bircer ſorrow, and ro preſent and .remedilels calamity. Which the wiſe GRE c14a vx words and opi-
o conſidering then , and foreſceing afar off by my doings at that time , the inſtant milery 1 ſuffer nion.
: now ; gave me warning I ſhould mark the end of my life, and that I ſhould not too far preſume
ve of my 1elf , as putfed up then with vain glory of opinion of happineſs, the ground thereof being
0 ſo ſlippery , and of ſo linle furery, Theſe words being reported unto Cyr , who was wiler then
ie Creſus , and ſeeing Sls ſaying confirmed by ſonotable an example : he did not onely deliver Cre-
0- ſus from preſent peril of dearh , bur ever after honoured him fo long as he lived. Thus had Solon
+ glory , for (avingthe honour of one of theſe Kings, and the life of the other , by his grave and wiſe
'y counſel}. But during the time of his abſence , grear feditions roſe ar ATHE Ns amongſt the Inhabi»
tans, who had goren them ſeverall heads amengR them : as thoſe of the Valley had made Zycar- ;4.n; in Solons
of g« their head.. The Coaſt-men, Aepactes, the Son of Alcmeom. And thole of the Mountains , abſence.
ill TySftratus : with whom all Artificers and Crafes-men living of cheir handy-labour were ioyned,
ad which were the ſtouteſt againſt the rich. So that notwitſtanding the City kept Solors Laws and
N- Ordinances , yet was there not that man but gaped for a change, and defired to ſee things in another
E- ſtate ; either parties hoping their condition would mend by change , and that every of them ſhould
ſo be better then their Adverſaries. The whole \oundrangansr fre a. thus with troubles, Son ar- * gyms
ed rived at ATHENS, where every man did honour and reverence him : howbeit he was no more able © —
T- to ſpeak aloud in open Aſſembly ro the People , nor radeal in matters as he had done before , be-
en cauſe his age would not ſuffer him : and therefore he ſpake with every one of the heads of the ſeverall
ey Factions apart , trying if he could agree and reconcile them together again. Whereunto 7 yſtr4-
ns tus leemed to be more willing then any of the reſt , for he was courteous , and marvelloully fair
e- ſpoken , and ſhewed himſelf beſides, very good and pirifull to the poor, and tempexare alſo to his
an Enemies : further, if any good quality were lacking in him, he did fo finely counterfeit ir , that men
of tmagined it was more in him, then in thoſe that naturally had it in thera indeed. As to be a quier man , Pyſi/tratxs
4- no medler , comented with his own, aſpiring no higher , and bating thoſe which would attempt to _ _
d, change the preſenc ſtare of the Common-weal , and would oraRiiſ any innovation. By this Art and SeOUNge
Dr and fine manner of his , he deceived the poor common people. Howbei Se/-» found him ſtraight ,
he and ſaw the mark he ſhot at: but yet hated him nor at that time, and ſought ſtill ro win him, and
bring him to reaſon , ſaying oft times , both to himſelf and to others : That whoſo could plack our
of his head the Worm of Ambition , by which he aſpired to be the chiefeſt , and could heal him of
his
80
SOLON
Theſpis amaker
of Tragedies,
Solon reproved
Theſpis tor ly-
ing.
Sol ons liberty
and conſtancy,
A good Law
for reward of
ſervice,
his greedy defire to rule : there could not be a man of more vertue, or a better Citizen then he
would prove. About this time began T heſpi to ſer out his Tragedies , which was a thing that much
delighted the People for the rareneſs thereof, being not many Poets yet in number , to ſtrive one
againſt another for victory , as afterwards there were. So/ow being naturally deſirous rohear and
learn , and by reaſon of his age ſeeking to paſs his time away in Sports , in Muſick, and making good
Chear more then ever he did : went one day to ſee Theſpis, who plaid a part himſelf, as the old
faſhion of the Poets was, and after the Play was ended, he called him ro him , and asked him: it he
were not aſhamed tolye ſo openly in the face of rhe World. Theſpi anſwered him , that it was nor
materiall ro do or ſay any ſuch things, confidering all was bur in ſport. Then $:/o» beating the
round with his ſtaff he had in his hand : bur if we commend. lying in ſport ( | _ he) we thall
it afterwards in good earneft , in all our bargains and dealings. ' Shortly after Py iſt rats ha-
ving wounded himſelf , and bloudied all his body over , cauſed his men to carry him in his Coach into
the Marketplace, where he put the People in an uproar, and told them that they were his Enernies
that thus traicerouſly had handled and arrayed him, for that he ſtood with them about the governing
of the Commonweal : inſomuch as many of them were marvelloully offended , and mutined by
and by , crying out , it was ſhamefully done, Then Solo» drawing near , faid unto him : O thou
Son of Hippocrates , thou doeſt illfavouredly counterfeit the perion of Homers Uiiſſcs 7 for thou
haſt whipped thy ſelf to deceive thy Citizens , as he did tear and ſcratch himſelf, to deceive his E-
nemies. Notwithſtanding this , the common People were ſtill in uproar , being ready to take Arms
for Pyſiftratus : and there was a general] Counſell aſſembled , inthe which one Ariffos ſpake, that
they doald grant fifty men , tocarry Halbards and Maſes before Pyſs/trarws for guard of his perſon.
But Solon going up into the Pulpit for Orations., ſtoutly nveyed againft it : and perſwaded the People
with many realons, like unto theſe he wrote afterwards in Verſe:
Each one of you ( O men ) in private alt s
Can play the fox , for ſlie and ſubtill. craft :
But when you come , yfore ( in all your fatts )
T hen are you blind, dull witted and bedafe :
For pleaſant ſpeech and painted flattery ,
Begaile you ftill, the which you never ſpy.
But intheend , ſeeing the poor people did tomult ſtill, raking Pyſſtratwus part, and that the rich
fled here and there , he went his way alſo , ſaying : he had ſhewed himſelf wike then ſome , and har-
dier then other, Meaning , wiſer then thoſe which ſaw not Pyſſftratws reach and fetch : and hardier
then they which knew very well he did aſpire to be King , and nevertheleſs durſt not reſiſt him. The
People went on with the motion of Ari/on , and authorized the ſame , rouching the grant of Halbar-
ders : limiting no number , but ſuffered him to have about him , and to aſſemble as many as he would,
untill ſuch time as he had gotten poſſeſſion of the Caftle. Then the City was marvellouſly afraid and
amazed : and preſently Megacles, and all thoſe which were of-the Houſe of the A/cmeonides did
flie. Sol.» , who for years was now at his laſt caſt, and had no man to ſtick unto him : went not-
withſtanding into the Market-place , and ſpake to the Citizens whom he found there, and rebuked
their beaſtlineſs , and faint cowardly hearts , and encouraged them, not to loſe their liberty. He
fpake at that timenotably , and worthy memory, which ever after was remembred. Before , ſaid he,
you might more eaſily have ſtaid this preſent ryranny : but now that it is already faſhioned, you ſhall
win more glory, utterly to ſuppreſs it. - But for all his goodly reaſons , he found no man that
would hearken unto him, they were all amazed, Wherefore he hied him home again ; and took
his weapons out of his houſe”, and laid them before his gate in the midſt of the ſtreet, ſaying : For
my part , I have done what I can poſlible, ro help and defend the Laws and Liberties of my Coun-
trey. So from that time he betook himſelf unto his eaſe , and never after dealt any morein matters
of State , or Common-weal. His friendsdid counſell him to flye : but all they could not perſwade
him to it, For he kept his houſe, and gave himſelfto make Verſes : in which he ſore reproved the
ATHENIANS faults, ſaying :
If preſently your burden heavy be :
Tet murmure not againſt the gods therefore.
The fault is yours , as you your ſelf may ſee,
Which granted have of mighty Mars the lore
To ſuch as now,by your direttion
Do hold your necks in this ſubjeftion.
His friends hereupon did warn him , to beware of ſuch ſpeeches, and to take heed what he ſaid,
leſt if it came unto the Tyrants ears, he might put him to death for it, And further , they asked
him wherein he truſted, that he ſpake ſo boldly. He anſwered them , in my age. Howbeir Py/-
frratu: after he had obtained his purpoſe, ſending for him upon his word and faith , did honour and
entertain him ſo well , that So/ox in the end became one of his Councell, and approved many things
which he did. For Py{ftratus himſelf did ftraightly keep, and cauſed his friends to keep Solon:
Laws. Inſomuch as when he was called by proceſs into the Gourt of the Areopagites-for a murder,
even at thay time when he was a Tyrant , he preſented himſelf very modeſtly ro anſwer his accuſai-
on, and to purge himſelf thereof. Bur his accuſer let fall the matter , and followed it no further. Pj-
ſSſtratw bimſelt alſo did make new laws : as this, That he that had been maimed , and made lame of
any member in the Wars , ſhould be maintained all his life long at the common charges of the City.
The
SOLON;
——O—— ——_— — —_—
The-ſelf-ſame was before decreed Þy T her ſippie ( as Heraclidgs writerh ) by Solins perfwaſion : who
did prefer it to the Council. © Pyfſtratms afterwards took hold of the motion , and from thence-
forth made it a generall Law( T kaphraf 6 faith alſo , it was Pyſfrates , andnat Swlor , tharmade
the Law for idlenefs : which was the onely cauſe” rhat the Countrey of AT T1c a became more fruit-
full , being better manured : and the City of ATHtNns waxed more quiet. But S9/ox having begun
to write the Story of the Ifles ATLaNnTIDEs in Verſe ( which he had learned of the wiſe men of
the City of Sa1s in EGYPT , and was very neceſſary for the ATHENI1Ans ) grew weary , and
gave it over in mid way : not for any matters or buſineſs that troubled him, as Plato ſaid, but onely
for his age , and becaule he feared the rediouſneſs of the work. For otherwiſe he had leiſure enough,
as appeared by theſe Verſes , where he faith :;
T grow old, and yet 1 learn till,
And in another place where he faith :
Now Venus yeelds me ſweet delights ,
And Bacchus lengs me comfert ſtill :
The Muſes the refreſh wy ſprivhts ,
And much religee my weary will,
Theſe be the points of perfeli we ,
Which all mens minds oft gimes go _
Plato afterwards for beautifying of the Story and Fables of the Iſles ArLaxT1DEs , was de-
firous to dilate them our at length , as if he would by way of ſpeech have broken up a field or lay-
Land of his own, or that this gift had deſcended to him of right from Solon. He began to raiſe up
a ſtately front unto the ſame, and encloſed it wittrhigh walls, and large ſquared Courts at the entry
thereof : ſuch was it, as never any other Work, Fable , or Poeticall invention had ever ſo notable ,
or the like. Burt becauſe he began a little too late , he ended his Life before his Work , leaving the
Ceaders more ſorrowfull for that was left unwritten , then they took pleaſure in that they found
written. For even as inthe City of ATHENS, the Temple of 7»piter Olympian onely remained un-
perfe& ; ſo the wiſdome of Plato ( amongſt many goodly matters of his that have come abroad ) left
none of them unperfect , but the onely Tale of the Iſles ATLanTiD®s. Solon lived long time af-
ter Py/ſtratus had uſurped the tyranny , as Heraclides Ponticus writeth. Howbeit Phanias Epheſi>
an writeth , that he lived not above two years after. For Pyſſtratus uſurped tyrannicall power in
the year that Comas was chief Governour in ATHENS, And Phanias writeth, that Sol:u dyed in the
year that Hegeſtratus was Governour, which was the next year after that. And where ſome ſay , the
aſhes of his body were after his death ſftrawed abroad through the Iſle of Saramina : that ſeemeth
ro be but a Fable , and alcogether untrue. Nevertheleſs ir hath been written by notable Authors, and
amgngſt others, by Ario:/c the Philoſopher,
/
Te end'of SOLON S Life.
The Houſe of
THE LIFE OF
PUBLIVUS VALERIVS PUBLICOLA.
Ant. Chriſt.
506.
Ow wehavedeclared what Solex was , we haye thought good to compare
him with P«blicola, to whom the ROMan People for an honour gave
that Surname : for he was called before Publizs Valerixs , deſcended
from that ancient Falerius , who was one of the chiefeſt workers and means
to bring the Romans and the Sazy Ns that were mortall enemies, to
joyn together as' one pedple, For it was he that moſt moveg the two
Kings to agree, and joyn together. P »blico/a being deſcended of him,
SI whileſt the Kings did rule yet at Roms, was in very great eſtimation, as
x # well for his eloquence, as for his riches : uſing the one rightly and freely
for the maintenance of Juſtice, and the other liberally and courteouſly,
r the relief of the poor. So that it was manifeſt , if the Realm came to be converted into a pub-
Tarquinius Su- fon ſtate , he would be one of the chiefeſt men of the ſame. It chanced that King T arquize ſurna-
perbus,
Palerius, Bru-
mus companion
in expulſing
the Kings,
Lucius Brittus,
Tarquinius
Collatinus
Conſuls,
med the proud , being come to the Crown by no good lawfull mean , but contrarily, by indiret
and wicked ways ; and behaving himſelf not like a King , but like a cruell Tyrant , the People much
hated and deteſted him , by reaſon of the death of Lucretia (which killed her ſelf for that ſhe was for-
cibly raviſhed by him)and ſo the whole City roſe and rebelled againſt him. Zacins Brutzs taking up-
on him to be the Head and Captain of this inſurre&ion and rebellion, did joyn firſt with this Yaleris:
who did greatly favour and affiſt his enterpriſe , and did help him to drive out King T arquine with all
his houſe and family, Now whileſt they were thinking that the People would chooſe ſome one alone
to be chief Ruler over them , inſtead of a King : / alerius kept himſelf quiet , as yeelding willingly un-
to Brutus the firſt place , who was meeteſt for it , having been the chief Auchour and Worker 0:
their recovered liberty. But when they ſaw the name of Afonarchy ( as much to ſay , as Soveraignity
alone) was diſpleaſant to the People, and that they would like better to have the rule divided unto
two, and how for this cauſe they would rather chooſe two Conſuls : Valerius then began to hope
he ſhould be the ſecond perſon with Bra1z4. Howbeit this hope failed him, For againſt Bratw will,
T arquinius Collatinus (the husband of Lucretia) was choſen Conſull with him: not becauſe he was
a man of greater yertue, or of better eſtimation then Yalerixs. But the Noblemen of the City fea-
ring the praftiſes of thoſe of the Kings bloud , which ſought by all the fair and flattering means
they could to return again into the City : did determine to make ſuch a one Conſull , whom occa-
fion forced to be their hard and heavy Enemy , perſwading themſelves that Tarquinius Collatinus
would for no reſpe& yeeld unto them. Yal:rius rook this matter grievouſly, that they had 2
miſtruſt in him , as if hg@vould not do any thing he could , for the benefit of his Countrey : for
that he had never any private injury offered him by the Tyrants. Where!ore he repaired no more
unto the Senate to plead for private men , and wholly gave up to meddle in matters of State :
wſomuch
PUBLICOLA. I
———_——
—
—_——
inſomuch as he gave many occafion to think of his abſence, and it troubled ſome men much , who
feared leſt upon this his miſliking and withdrawing , he would fall to the Kings fide , and ſo bring all
the Ciry in an uproar , conſidering it ſtood then but in very tickle terms. But when Brutus, who
ſtood in jealouſie of ſome , would by Oath be afſured of the Senate, and had appointed them a day
ſolemnly ro take their Oaths upon the Sacrifices : Valerius then with a good cheerfull countenance
came into the Market-place , and was the firſt that took his oath he would leave nothing undone that
might prejudice the 74rqwines , but with all bis able power he would fight againſt them, and defend
the liberty of the City. This Oath of his matrvellouſly rejoyced the Senate , and gave great aſſurance
alſo ro the Conſuls, but ſpecially , becaufe his deeds did ſhortly after perform his words. For there The firſt Am
carne Ambaſſadors ro Roz , which brought letters from King Targaine , full of ſweet and lowly bagiate of
ſpeeches, to win the favour of the People, with commiſſion to uſe all the mildeſt means they could; King Tarquine
ro dulce and ſoften the hardned hearts ofthe multitude : who declared how the King had left all pride for recovering
and cruelty , and meant t6 ask nought bur, reaſonable things. The Conſuls thought beſt ro give his Realm.
them open audience, and to ſuffer them to ſpeak to the People. But Valeriue was againſt it, decla-
ring it might perill che State much, and deliver occaſion of new ſtir unto a multitude ot poor People,
which were more afraid of Wars, then of Tyranny. After that , there came other Ambaſſadors Anas
alſo , which ſaid that Tarqaize would from thenceforth for ever give over and renounce his Title to bafate from
che Kingdom , and to make any more Wars ; but beſought them onely , that they would at the leaſt Tarq:ine, de-
deliver him and his friends their Money and Goods, that chey might have wherewithall to keep them manding his
in their baniſhment. Many came on apace, and were very ready to yeeld to this requeſt, and ſpeci- Goods,
ally Collarinx , one of the Confuls did favour their motion, Burt Brytws , that was a faſt and re-
ſolute man, and very fierce in'his heat, ran, immediately into the Market-place , crying our that his
fellow Conſull was a Traytor , and contented to grant the Tyrants matter and means to make War
upon the City , where indeed they deſervednot ſo much as to be relieved in their exile, Hereupon
the Feople aſſembled together , and the firſt that ſpake in this aſſembly , was a private man called
Gains Minntins, who ſpeaking unto By+txz, and tothe whole Aſſembly, ſaid unto them : O Noble Good counſel
Conſull and Senate, handle ſorhe matter, that the Tyrants Goods be rather in your cuſtody to make of Minurius.
War with chem , then in theirs to bring War upon your ſelves. Notwithſtanding the Rowan s
were of opinion , that having gotten the liberty, for whchthey fought with the Tyrants, they ſhould
not diſappoint the offered peace , with ww. their Goods, bur rather they thould throw their
Goods out after then. Howbeit this was the leaft part of Targquines intent, to ſeek his Goods OP
again : but under pretenice of that demand he ſecretly corrupted the People, and praRtiſed Trea- bal dow =
ſon , which his Ambaſſadors followed, pretending onely to get the Kings Goods and his favourers to= &iſc na
gether , ſaying , that they had already ſold ſome part, and ſome part they kept , and ſent them daily, The Aguilii
So as by delaying the rime in this ſort with ſuch pretences, they had corrupted two of the beft and 22d Yizellit
————
ancienteſt houſes of the City : to wit, the Family of the Aguilians , whereof there were three Sena= with Brutus
Ms . ſons, T
tors : and the Family of the Yirel/ians , whereof there were two Senators : all which by their Mo- dah Coe
thers , were Conſull Collarinus Nephews. The Yitelians alſo were allied unto Bratu, for he had rey.
married their own Siſter, and had many Children by her. Of the which the Yire/iaxs had drawn
to their ſtring , two of the eldeſt of them , becauſe they familiarly frequented together, being Couſin
germains , whom they had enticed to be of their —_— allying them with the Houſe of the Tar-
quines , Which was of great power, and through the which they might perſwade themſelves to riſe ro
great honour and preferment by means of the King, rather then to truft to their Fathers wilfull bar-
dinefs : for they called his ſeverity to the wicked , hardneſs : for that he would never pardon any.
Furthermore , Br«rws had feigned himſelf mad , and a fool of long time for ſafety of his life, be-
cauſe che Tyrant ſhould not pur him to death : ſo that the name of By»txs onely remained. After
theſe two young men had given their conſent to be of the Confederacy, and had ſpoken with the 4-
quilians : they all thought good to be bonnd one to another , with a great an horrible Oath , drink-
ing the bloud ofa man , and ſhaking hands in his bowels , whom they would facrifice. This matter Th. Confde-
agreed upon between them , they met together to pur their Sacrifice in execution , in the Houſe of racy confirmed
the Ag:1/:ans, They had firly pickt out a dark place in the Houſe todo this Sacrifice in, and where al- with drinkin
moſt no body came: yet, it hapned by chance, that one of the Servants of the Houſe called Yindiciue, v2" =
had hidden himſelf there , unknowing to the Traytors, and of no ſet purpoſe , to ſpie and ſee what they FR
did, or that he had any manner of inkling thereot before : but _ by chance upon the matter , even Treaſon.
as the Traytors came into that place with a countenance to do ſome ſecret thing of importance , fearing
T0 be ſeen, he kept himſelf cloſe, and lay behind a coffer that was there, ſo thar he ſaw all that was done,
d what they faid and determined. The concluſion of their Council in the end was this, that they The conclufi-
yould Kill both the Conſuls : and they wrote Letters to Tarquinius advertiſing the fame, which they on of their
ave unto his Ambaſſadors, being lodged in the houſe of the Aqwiliars , and were preſent at this con- T*<2fon.
luſton, With this determitiation they departed from thence , and Vind'ci« came out alſo as ſecretly
be could, being marvellouſly troubled inmind , and at amaze how to deal in this matter. For he
nought it dangerous(as it was indeed)to g0 and accuſe the two Sons unto the Father (which was Bra-
»s ) of ſo wicked and deteſtable Treaſon, and the Nephews unto their Uncle, which was Colatinas.
pn the other (ide alſo , he thought this was a ſecret , not ro be imparred ro any private perfon, and not
ſible for him ro' conceal it, chat was bound in duty to reveal it. So he reſolved at the laft to go to
alerins to bewray this Treaſon, of a ſpeciall affeion to this man, by reaſon of his gentle and cour-
ous uſing of men, giving caſie wo and audience unto any that came to ſpeak with _— ns
pecially
$4 PUBLICOLA.
Vindicius be- ſpecially for that he diſdained not to hear poor mens cauſes, Yindicius being gone to ſpeak with
wrayerh the him, andhaving told him the whole Conſpiracy before his brother Marcus Valerizs , and his wite,
—_ unt® he was abaſhed and fearfull withall : whereupon he ſtayed him left he ſhould ſlip away , and locked hin,
4 ina chamber, charging his wife to watch the door, thatno body went in nor out unto him, And
willed his brother alſo , that he ſhould go and beſet the Kings Palace round about , to intercept theſe
Letters if it were poſſible, and to ſee that none of their Servants fled. Yalerim ſelf being followed
(Lm_—_— to his manner) with a great train of his friends and people that waited on bim, went
traight unto the houſe of the Aquilians , who by chance were from home at that time : and entring
in at thegate, without let or trouble of any man, he found the Letters inthe chamber, were King
T arquines Ambaſſadors lay : Whilſt he was thus occupied, the Aquil5ans having intelligence thereot,
ran home immediately , and found Yalerizs coming out at their Gate. - So they would have taken
thoſe Letters from him by force and ſtrong hand : but Yaleris and his company did reſiſt them, and
moreover hudded them with their Gowns over their heads, and by force brought them ( do what
they could ) into the Market-place. The like was done alſo in the Kings Palace , where Aarcns } a-
lerixs found other Letters alſo wrapt up in certain fardels for their more ſafe carriage , and brought
away with him by force into the Market-place, all the Kings ſervants he found there. There the
Conſuls having cauſed ſilence to be made, Yalerixs ſent home to his houſe for this Bond-man Yingic;-
22 , tO be brought before the Conſuls : then.the Traytors were openly accuſed , and their Leuers read,
and they had not the face to anſwer one word. All that were preſent , being amazed , hung down their
heads , and beheld the ground , and not a man durſt once open his mouth to ſpeak, excepting a few,
who to gratifie Brutus , began toſay that. they ſhould baniſh them : an@ Collarinws alſo gave them
ſome hope , becauſe he fell to weeping, and Yalerixs in like manner , for that he held his peace. Bur
Brutw calling his Sons by their names : Come on ( ſaid he) Tit and thou Yalerims , why do you
Titus and Ya- Not anſwer to that you are accuſed of ? and having ſpoken thrice unto them to anſwer , when. he ſaw
terius, Bruzus they ſtood mute, and ſaid nothing : he turned him ro the Serjeants , and ſaid unto them : They are
ſons, now in your hands , do juſtice. So ſoon as he had ſpoken theſe words, the Serjeants layed hold im-
mediately upon the two young men , and tearing their clothes off their backs , bound their hands be-
hind them, and then whipped them with rods : which was ſuch a pitifull fight to all the people, that
they could not find intheir hearts to behold it , but turned themſelves another way , becauſe they
(--- Wouldnor ſee it, But contrariwiſe , they ſay that their own Father had never his eye off them , nei-
ther did change his auſtere and fierce;countenance , with any pity or naturall atte&tion towards
aedfaſtly did behold the puniſhment of his own Children , untill they were layed flat on
Brutus
his own ſons
puniſhed and them , -but |
executed, the ground ,, and both their heads ſtricken off with an Ax before him, When they were execu-
Brutus praiſed ted , Brutus roſe from the Bench, and left the execution of the reſt unto his fellow Conſull. This
-® 5 —_ was ſuch an a&, as men cannot ſufficiently praiſe, nor reprove enough, For either it was his ex-
ofhis ns, Cellent vertue, that made his mind ſo quier , or elſe the greatneſs of his miſery that rook yt,
| * thefeeling of his ſorrow - whereof neither the one nor the other was any ſmall matter, bur paſ-
ſing the common nature of man, that hath in it both Divineneſs, and ſometime beaftly brutiſh-
ne? Bur it is better the judgement of men ſhould commend his fame, then that the afteRion of
men by their judgements ſhould diminiſh his vertue. For the Romans hold opinion , it was not ſo
Sreat an a&t done of Romnlus firſt to build ROME, as it was for Brutuy to recover ROME, and
the beſt liberty thereof, and to renew the ancient Government of the ſame. When Brutus was
| Sone, all the People in the Market-place remained as they had been in a maze , full of fear and
Collatinusſoit- wonder, and a great while without ſpeaking to ſee -what was done. The Aqu1/5a»; ſtraight grew
neſs peritious, bold, for that they ſaw the other Conſull Collatinus proceed gently , and mildly againſt them :
and {o made petition they might have time given themto anſwer to the Articles they were accuſed
of, and that they might His. or Slave and Bond-man Y5ndicius delivered into their hands , becauſe
there was no reaſon , he ſhould remain with their accuſers. The Conſull ſeemeth willing to yeeld
thereto , and was ready to break up the Aſſembly thereupon. But Y alerius ſaid , he would not de-
liver Y:indicius ( who was among the Aſſembly that attended upon his perſon : ) and mp the Peo-
ple beſides for departing away, leſt they ſhould negli wy let thoſe eſcape that had ſo wickedly
ſought to betray their Countrey : untill he himſelf had layed hands upon them , calling upon By«-
txzs tO aſliſt him, with open exclamation againſt Co/latinus , that he did not Behave himſelf like a juſt
and true man , ſeeing his fellow Brarus was faxced for juſtice ſake to ſee his own Sons put to
death : and he incontrary manner , to pleaſe a few Women , ſought to let go manifeſt Traytors,
* and open Enemies to their Countrey. The Conſull being offended herewith , commanded they
ſhould bring away the Bond-man Yingicinus. So the Sergeants making way —_ the preaſe,
laid hands upon him to bring him away with chem , and began to ftrike at them which offered to re-
fiſt them, But Yalerizs friends ſtept out before them , and. put them by. The People ſhouted
ſtraight , and cried out for By#t«s : who with this noiſe returned again into the Market-place, and
after ſilence made him , he ſpake in this wiſe : For mine own children, I alone have been their ſuff-
cient Judge , to ſee rhem have the Law according to their deſervings : the reſt I haye left freely to the
Colninus re. Judgement of the People, Wherefore ( ſaid he ) if any man be diſpoſed to ſpeak, let him ſtand up,
Goneth bis And perſwade the People as he thinketh beſt. Then there needed no more words , but onely to heat-
Conſulſhip, Ken what the People cried : who with one voice and conſent condemned them, and cried execution,
2nd departeth and accordingly they had their heads ſtricken off. Now was Conſull Coatins long before had in ſome
Ree. ſuſpition , as allied to the Kiogs , and diſliked for his ſurname , becauſe hewas called 7 ay
| gr
Palerius bold-
ly appeacheth
Coltatinus of
injuſtice.
PVBLICOL A. $5
who perceiving himſelf in this caſe much hated and miſtruſted. of the people, voluntarily yielded
up his Conſulſhip, and departed- the City. © The people then. aſſembled themſelves, to place a ſuc- ,terius cho-
cefſor in his room, they choſe Yalerixs in his ſtead, withour the contradiction of any, tor his faith- ſen Conſul in
ful travel and diligence beſtowed in this great matter, Then /alerizs judging that Yindicius the bonds bis place.
man had well deſerved alſo ſome recompence, cauſed him not onely to be manumiſſed by the whole CO _
grant of the people, but made him a free man of the City. beſides : and he was the firſt bondman umn...
manumiſſed, that was made Citizen of Rome, with permiſhion alſo to give his voice in all ele&ions
of Offices, in any company or tribe he would be enrolled in, Long time after that, and very lately,
eAppius to curry favour with the common people, made it lawfull tor bondmen manumilſed, to give
their voices alſo in eleRions, as other Citizens did : and unto this day the perfet manumiſling and
freeing of bondmen, is called Yinditta, after the name of this Yindiciws, that was then made a free-
man, Theſe things thus paſſed over, the goods of the Kings were given to the ſpoil of the people, Yinlifzfo cal-
and their Pallaces were razed and overthrown, Now amongſt other Lands, the goodlieſt part of the {<4 by reaton
field of «Mars was belonging unto King Tarquine : the ſame they conſecrated forthwith, unto the —_ P
god eFars, and not long betore they cur down - wheat thereof, the ſheaves being yet in ſhocks an _
m the field, they thought they might not grind the wheat, nor make any commoduy of the profic 2fars.
thereof ; wherefore they threw both Corn and ſheaves into the River, and Trees alſo which they had
hewn down and rooted up, to the end that the field being dedicated to the god eFlars, ſhould be
left bare, without bearing any fruit at all. Theſe ſheaves thus thrown into the River, were carried
down by the ftream not far from thence , unto a foord and ſhallow place of the water, where
they firſt did ſtay, and did let the other which came after, that ir could go no further : there theſe
heaps gathered together , and lay ſo cloſe one to another, that they began to fink and fertle faſt in
the water. Afterwards the ſtream of the River brought down continually ſuch mud and gravell,
that it ever encreaſed in the heap of corn more and more, in ſuch ſort, that the force of the water
could no more remove it from thence, but rather ſoftly preſſing and driving it together , did firm
and harden it, and made it grow ſo tro Land. Thus this heap riſing till in greatneſs and firmneſs,
by reaſon that all that came down the River ſtayed there, it grew in the end and by time to ſpread
ſo far, that at this day it is called the holy Iſland in Roms : in which are many goodly Temples Wheteof the
of divers gods, and ſundry walks abour ut, and they call it in Latin , Inter dxos pontes : in our holy Ifland
rongue, between the two Bridges. Yer ſome write, that this thing fell not out at that time when came in Rome
the field of the Tarquines was conſecrated unto ears : but that it happened afterwards, when one _—
of the Yeſtall Nuns, called T arquinia, gave a field of hers unto the people, which was hard adjoyn- Brides,
ing unto Tarquines Field. For which liberality and bounty of hers, they did grant her in recom-
pence many Priviledges, and did her great honour beſides. -As amongſt others, it was Ordained,
that her word and witneſs ſhould ſtand good, and be allowed in matters judicial : which Priviledge,
never Woman beſides her ſelf did enjoy. By ſpecial grace of the people alſo, it was granted her,
that ſhe might Marry if ſhe thought it good ; but yer the would not accept the benefit” of that offer.
Thus you hear the report how this thing happened. Tarquinizs then being paſt hope of ever en-
tring into his Kingdom again, went yet unto the Thuscans for ſuccour, which were very 754" com-
glad of him : and fo they levied a great Army together, hoping to have put him in his Kingdom gear power of
again, The 'Conſuls alſo hearing thereof, went out with their Army againſt him. Both the Armies the Thuſcens
preſented themſelves in battle ray, one againſt another, in the Holy places conſecrated to the gods ; *9 wage bartle
whereof the one was called the wood 4rſia, and the other the Meadow Aſuvia. And as both Armies ""® the Ro-
began to give charge upon each other, eArnus the eldeſt Son of King T arquine , and -the Conſul Arſic ſitog
Brutus encountered together, not by chance, but ſought for of ſer purpoſe to execute the deadly ;
feud, and malice they did bear each other. The one as againſt a Tyrant and enemy of the liberty of Arnus and
his Countrey : the other, as againſt him chat had been chiefauthour and worker of their exile and Brutus en-
Expulſion. So they ſet Spurs to their Horſes, ſo ſoon as they had ſpied each other, with more <vvntered and
fury then reaſon, and fought ſo deſperately together, that they both. fell tark dead to the ground, {jb -
The firſt onſer of the battle being ſo cruel, the end thereof was no leſs bloody : untill both the *
Armies having received and done like damage to each other, were parted by a marvellous great
tempeſt that fell upon them. Now was Yalerixs marvellouſly perplexed, for that he knew not
which of them wan the Field that day : ſeeing his ſouldiers as ſorrowfull for the great loſs of
their men lying dead before them, as they were glad of the ſlaughter and Victory of their ene-
mies, For, to view the multitude of the ſlain bodies of either file, the number 'was ſo equal in
ſight, that it was very hard to judge, of which fide fell out the' greateſt ſlaughter : ſo thar both
the one and the other viewing by the eye the remain of their Camp, were perſwaded in their
Opinion, that they had rather loſt than won , conjeQuring a far off the fall of their Enemies.
The night being come, ſuch things fell out as may be looked for after ſo terrible a battle. For when
both Camps were all layed to reſt, they ſay the wood wherein they lay encamped,quaked and trembled:
and they heard a voice ſay, that onely one man more was flain on the Thus cans fide , than on
the Romans part. Our of doubt this was ſome voice from Heaven: for the RoMANS The Vidory of
thereupon gavea ſhrill ſhout, as thoſe whoſe hearts received a new quickning ſpirit or courage. The of the Romars
TruscANs on the contrary part were ſo'afraid, that -the moſt part of them ſtole our of the againſt the
Camp, and ſcattered here and there : and' there remained behind about the number of five thou- 7%".
land men, whom the Romans took priſoners every one, and had the fpoil of their Camp,
The carkafſes were viewed afterwards, and they found that there were lain in that battle, eleven
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thouſand and rhree hundred of the Tyuscans : and of the Rowans, ſo many faving one.
Vealerius the This battle was f as they ſay) the laft da of February, and the Confpl palerix triumphed,
firſt Conſul being the firſt of rhe Confuls that ever entred into Roms rriumphing upon a Chariot drawn with
that evertri- £17 Horſes, which fight rhe people found honourable and goodly to behold, and were not offend-
umphed upon 1 vithall (as ſome ſeem to report} nor yet did envy him for that he began ir.- For if it had been
I ſo, that cyftom had not been followed with ſo good acceptation, nor had continued ſo many years
as it did afterwards. They much commended alfo the honour he did to his fellow C onfull Braras,
The firlt be- 1, {ering our his Funerals - awe fr the which he made a Funeral Oration in his praiſe. They
Gn Gearions did ſo like and pleaſethe Romans, that they haye ever fince continued that cuſtom at the by-
among the Ro- rial of any Noble man, or great Perſanage, that he is openly praiſed at his burial, by the worthi-
Mans, eft man that liveth among them, They report this Funeral Oratiorr is far more ancient than the
firſt that was made in GREECE in the like cafe: unlefs they will confirm that which the Orator
Anaxiuenes eAnaximenes hath written, that the manner of praiſing the dead at their Funerals, was firſt of allin-
ſaith, Soloz ſtirured by Solo. But they did moſt envy Yalerixe, and bear him grudge, becauſe Brutus (whom
wee thel fi '+4 the people did acknowledge for Father of their oy would never be alone in Office, but had
a {or the procured twice, that they ſhould appoint Yaleris fellow Conſul with him. This man in contrari.
dead. wiſe (ſaid the people) raking upon him alone the rule and ſaveraignty, ſheweth plainly he will not
be Brut ſuccefſour in his Confulſhip, but Tarquinizs ſelf in the Kingdom. For to great purpoſe
was it to praiſe Brutus in words, and to follow Tarquinizs in deeds : having born before hin only
all the Maces, the Axes and rhe Rods, when he cometh abroad out of his own houfe, which is far
| greater, and more ftately, than the Kings Pallace which he himſelf overthrew. And to fay truly,
Paleriusſtately F/alerins dwelt in a houſe a little roo ——_— built and ſeated, upan the hanging of the Hill called
houſe ſtanding 14gunt Velia : and becauſe it ſtood high, it overlooked all the Market-place fo that any man mi
wu Mount Fe- eafily fee from thence what was done there. Furthermore, it was very ill ro come to it : but w
: he came out of his houſe, jr was 3 marvellous Pomp angt State to ſee him come down from fo high
ileriusa 200d © Place, and with a train after him, that carried the Majefty of a Kings Court, Bur herein Yalerius
example for left a Noble example, fhewing how muchit importeth a Noble man and —_ ruling weighty
iſtrares. eauſes, to have hisears open to hegr, and willingly to receive free fpecch inſtead of flatteries, and
plain troth in place of lies. For, being informed by ſome of his Friends, how the People miſliked
and complained of it, he ſtood not infhis awn conceit, neither was angry with them : but forthwith
fer a world of Workmen upon it, early in the mordjng before break of day, and commanded them ro
Salerize over- PRE down his houſe, and to raze it to theground. Inſomuch as the next day following, when the
threw hisſtate- ROMANS were gathered together in the Market-place, and ſaw this great ſudden ruine, they mwch
ly kouſe, =commended the noble a& and mind of Yalerixs, in doing that he did ; but fo were = angry, and ſor-
xy both, to ſee ſo fair and ftately a built houfe (which was an Ornament to the City) overthrown up-
on a ſudden, Much like in comparifon to a man, whom through ſpite and envy they bad unjuſtly
to death:and to ſee their chief _ alfo like a ſtranger and a vagabond,compelled to ſeek his ode
ing in another mans houſe, For his friends received him into their houſes, until ſuch time as the people
had given him a place, where they did build him a new hoyſe, far more orderly, and nothing ſo ſtately
The Temple 294 curious as the firft was, and it was inthe fame place, where the Temple called Views Publicus
called Fi; fRandeth ar this day. Now becauſe he would not onely reform his perſon, but the Office of his Con-
Publicys. fulſhip, and atfo would frame himſelf to the good acceptation and liking of the people : where before
he ſeemed untothem to be fearful , he pur away the carrying of rhe Axes from the Rods, which the
Sergeants uſcd to bear before the Conſul. Moreover when he came into the Market-place, where the
people were affembled, he caufed the Rods to be born downwards, as in token of reverence
of the Soveraign Majefty of the People, which all the Magiſtrates obſerve yet at this day. Now
in al} this humble ſhew and towlinefs of! his, he did hot ſo much imbaſe his dignity and ls,
which the common peopte thought him to have at the firſt : as he did thereby cur. off envy trom him,
winning again as much true authority, as in femblance he would-ſeem to have loſt, For this made ihe
people willinger to obey, and readier to ſubmit themfelves unto him : infomuch as upon this occaſion he
Why Palerias WS ſurnamed Pablicola, as much to fay , asthe qe leaſer, Which ſyrname he kept ever after
was ſurnamed and we from henceforth alſo writing the reſt of his Life, will uſe no other name : for he was conzente
Publicola, to ſuffer any man that would, = himſelf to ask the Confulſhip in Brutw place. But he yer not
knowing what kind of man they would joyn fellow Conſul with him, and fearing left through envy
or _ the party might thwart his purpoſe and we -ay : employed his ſole power and authority
IX IP whileſt he ryled alone, upon high and noble attempts, For firſt of all he ſupplied up the number of the
Ads and Laws Serators that were greatly decayed, becauſe ao had put ſome of them to death not long
| betore, and other alfo had been lately (hain in the Wars, in whoſe places be bad choſen new Senators,
ro the number of a hundred threeſcore and four. After that, he madg new Decrees and Laws, which
greatly did advance the authority of the people. The firſt Lay gave liberty to all offenders, condequr-
ed by judgement of the Confuls, to appeal unto the people. The ſecond, that no man upon pain of
death ſhould rake upon him the exerciſe of any Office, unleſs he had come to it y the gitt of the
people. The, third was, and all in favour of the poor, that the poor Citizens of Ro x thould pay
no more cuſtom, nor any impoſt whatſoever, This made every man the more willing to give
himfelf ro ſome craft or occupation, when he ſaw his travel ſhould. not be taxed, nor taken from
him. As for the Law that he made againſt thoſe that diſobeyed the Conſuls, it was found to bt
io favoyrable ro the commonalty, as they thought: it was rather made for the poor, than for r
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RR. UBLYICOL A
rich and great men. For the offenders and breakers of that Law , were condemned to pay for a pe-
nalty, the value of five Oxen and two Muttons. :,The price of a Mutton'was then ten Oboles, and
of an Ox an hundred Oboles. -For inthoſe days the Romans had no ſtore of coyned money :
otherwiſe, they lacked no Sheep, nor other beaſts. Hereof it came that to this day they call their
riches or ſubſtance Pecxlium, becauſe Pecws ſignifierh Sheep and Muctons. And in the old time the
ttamp upon their Money was an Ox, a Mutton, or a Hog: and ſome of them called their Children
Bubulci, which ſignifierh Cowheards: others Caprarzs, to ſay Goatheards : and other Porciz, as
you would ſay, Swineheards. Now though in all his other Laws, he was very favourable and rempe-
rate toward the people : yet.inthat moderation, ſomerumes he did ſer grievous pains and puniſhments,
For he made it lawfull to kill any man without ny accuſation, that did aſpire to the Kingdom, and
he did ſet themurderer free of all puniſhment, fo he brought forth manifeſt proof, tha the party
flain, had praiſed to make himſelf King. As being impothible a man ſhould pretend ſo great a
matter, and no man ſhould find at ;- and contrariwiſe being poſſible, albeit he were ſpied, that other-
wiſe he might artempr it, by making himſelf ſo ſtrong, that he needed not paſs for the Law, In
this caſe he gave eyery man liberty by ſuch an act or mean, to prevent him if he could of diſcretion,
who by ſtrength otherwiſe ſought to aſpire to raign. They June commended him alſo for the
Law that he made touching the Treaſure : For being very neceſlary that every private Citizen ſhould
according to his ability, be contributor ro the charges and maintainance ot the Wars : he himſelf
would neither take ſuch colle&ion into his charge, nor ſuffer any wan of his to meddle with the ſame,
nor yet that it ſhould be laid in wn private- mans houſe, but he did ordain that Satwrns Temple
ſhould be the treaſury thereof. This order they 'keep to this very day. Furthermore, he granted
the people ro chooſe two young men pays of the ſame, as you would ſay the Treafurers, to take
the charge of this Money : and the two firſt which werechoſen, were Publius Veturins, and Mar-
cus Minutins, who gathered great ſums of Money together. For numbring the people by the
Pole, there were found an hundred and thirty thouſand perſons which had payed Subſidy, not reckon-
ing in this account Orphans nor Widdows, which were exempted from all payments. After he had
eſtabliſhed all theſe things, he cauſed Lucretie ( the Father of Lucretia) to be choſen fellow Con-
ſul with him, unto whom, for that he was his ancient, he gave the upper hand, and commanded
they ſhould carry tefore him the: Rods, which were the ſigns of the chief Magiſtrate : and ever
ſince they have. given this honour unto age,.. But Lucretizs dying not long after his eleion, the
choſe again in his place eHarcus Horatius, who held out the Conlulſhip with Publicola the reſt of
the year, Now about that time King T arquaze remained in the Countrey of Tus ca Ne, where
he prepared a ſecond Army againſt the Roma Ns, and there fell out a marvellous ſtrange thin
thereupon. For when he raigned King of Roms, he hadalmoſt made an end of the building of the
Temple of Jupiter Capitolin, and was determined (whether by any Oracle received, or uponany
fantaſie, it is not known) to ſet up a Couch of earth baked by a Potter, in the higheſt place of the
Temple, and he put it out to be done by certain Thus cant Worknen of the City of Veres :
but whilſt they were in hand with the work, he was driven out of his Realm. Whenthe Work-
men had formed this couch, and that they had purit into the furnace to bake it, it fell out contrary to
. the nature of the earth, and the common order of their work put into the furnace. For the earth
did not ſhut and cloſe together in the fire, nor dried up all the moiſture thereof : bur rather to the con-
trary it did ſwell to ſuch a bigneſs, and grew ſo hardand ſtrong withall, that they were driven to
break up the head and walls of the furnace to get it our, The Soothfayers did expound this , that ir
was a celeſtial roken from above, and promiſed great proſperity and increaſe of power unto thoſe that
ſhould enjoy this Couch. Whereupon the Vt1ans reſolved not to deliver it untothe Roma xs
that demanded it, but anſwered that it did belong unto King T arquzze, and not unto thoſe that had
baniſhed him. Not many days after there was a ſolemn feaſt of Games for running of Horſes inthe
City of VE1ts, where they did alſo many other notable as, worthy ſight according to their cu-
ſtom. But after the Game was played, he that had won the Bell, being Crowned in token of vi-
Cory, as they did uſe at that time, brought his Coach and Horſes fair and ſoftly our of the ſhew-
place: andiſuddenly the Horſe being afraid upon no preſent cauſe or occaſion ſeen, whether it was by
chance, or by ſome ſecret working from above, ran as they had been mad with their Coach to the
City of Roms. The Coach-driver did what he could poſlible at the firſt to ſtay them, by holding
in the reins, by clapping them on the backs, and ſpeaking gently to them : bur inthe end, perceiving he
could do no good, and that they would have their ſwing, he gave place to their fury, and they never
lin running, till they brought him near to the Capitol, where they overthrew him and his Coach,
not far from the gate called at this preſent Ratumena. The V £14 ns wondring much ar this mat-
ter, and being afraid withall, were contented the Workmen ſhould deliver their Couch made of earth
unto the Romans. Now concerning Jupiter Capitolinus Temple, King Tarquine the firſt (which
was the Soni of Demaratus) vowed in the Wars that he made againſt the SanyNs , that he
would build it. And Tarquine the proud, being the Son of him that made this vow, did build it :
howbeit he did not. conſecrate it, becauſe he was driven out of his Kingdom before he had finiſhed
n. When this Temple was built and throughly finiſhed , and ſet forth with all his ornaments : Pub-
licola was maryelloully defirous to have the honour of the dedication thereof, But the Noble men
and Senators envying his glory , being very angry that he could not content himſelf with all
thoſe honours that he had received in Peace for the good Laws he had made, and in Wars for
the victories he had obtained and well deſerved, bur further that he would ſeek the my
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=” —PULSLICOLA
this dedication, which nothing did pertain unto fi
ed him to make ſuit for the ſame. Occafion fell out ;
ing of the Roma ns army into the freld ; In the mean time, while P ublicola was abſent, it was pro-
cured that the people gave their voices to Horatiue, to confecrate the Temple , knowing they could
not fo well have brought i to paſs he being preſent. Others fay, the Conſuls drew lots between them,
and that it lighted upon Publ:cola to lead the Army againſt hiswill,: and upon Horatius%0 conſecrate
this Temple, which may be conjeRtured by the thing that fortuned in rhe dedication chereof, For all
the people being aſſembled rogether in the Capitol with great filence, on the fifteenth day of the month
of September, which is about the new Moon of the moneth, which the Gx zc1a xs all Metagitnion,
Horatins having done all the Ceremonies needfull in ſuch a cafe, and holding then the doors of the
Temple, as theuſe was even to utter the ſolemn words of dedication, «Marcus Yalerixs the brother
of Publicola, having ftoold a long time there at the Temple-door to take an opportunity to ſpeak, be-
gan to ſay aloud in this wiſe : My Lord Conful,, your Son is dead of afickneſs inthe Camp, This
made all che Aſſembly ſorry to hear it, bur irnothing amazed Foratius, who ſpake onely thus much ,
Caft his body then where you will for me, the thought is taken,” So he continued on to end his conſe-
cration. This was but a device and nothing true-of Marcxs Valerixs, onely to make Horatius leave
off his conſecration; Horatius in this{ſhewed himſelf a marvellous refolute man, were it that he ſtraight
found his device, or that he believed ir to be true : for che ſaddennefs of rhe matter nothing altered him.
The very like matter fell out in c ting of the ſecond Temple. For this firft which Tarquine had
built, and Horatins conſecrated, was conlumed by fire in the Civil Wars ; and the ſecond was built
up again by Sylx, -who made no dedication of it. For Carulus ſet uprhe Superſcription of the dedi-
How oft Fupj- cation, becauſe Sy//a died before he ould dedicate ir.' The ſecond Temple was burnt againnot long
zer pn after the — _ which were at ar L = ns it ye corey The third in like
Temple was manner was re-edified and built again by Yeſpaſiar, from the ground tro the top. But this good
burnt and built-,.. 2d aboveother, to ſec his ks. NA r and finiſhed before his death, and not ottihrown hy
2 was immediately after his death. Vyherein he did far paſs the happineſs of Sylz, who died before he
could dedicarethat he had built ; and the other deceafed before he ſaw his work overthrown. For all
the-Capitol was burnt ro the ground incontiently after his death, It is reported, the onely foundati-
How muchwas 68s of the firſt Temple coft T xrquinius forty thouſand Pando: of filver. And to guild onely the Tem-
ſpent in buitd- fe which we feenow in'onr time;they ſay all che goods and fubſtancethat the richeſt Cirizen of Roux
ing the Capi- (ea had, willeome nothing near un», for it coſt abovetwelve thouſand Talents, The pillars of this
_ Templeare cut out of a quarry of marble, calted pentlike marble, and rhey were ſquared parpine, as
thick as long; Theſe Ifawat AtHzens,” Burafterwards they were cut again, and polifhed in Rows,
by which domg they got not fo much grace as they loft proportion ;For they were made too ſlender,
and left naked-of their firft beauty. - Now he that would wonder at the ſtately building of the Capitol,
if-he came afterwards unto the Pallace of Dom:riar, and did but ſee ſome galery, porch, hall, or hot-
houſe, or his concubines chambers, he would ſay (in my opinion) as the Poet Epicharmus ſaid of a
prodigal man :
It a fault ani folly both ir thee,
To laſh out gifts and prodhgal rewards
For fond delights, without all rule that be,
Regarding not what bappens afterwards.
So might they ſſtly ſay of Domrrran : Thon art not liberal nor devour unto the gods , but it is a vice
Doniticne mag thou haſt to love to build, and defireſt (as they fay of old 25a) that all about thee were turned to
building hu- gold and precious tones. And thus much for this matter. Tarquine after that great foughten battle
mour. wherein he loft his Son (that was {lain by Brata in fighting togerher hand in hand) went to the City
of CLus18M, unto King Claras Porſena, the mightieft Prince that reigned at that time in all IT aLy,
and was both noble and a courteous Prince. Porſena promiſed him aid , and firſt of all be ſent ro Rowe
co ſummon rhe Citizens to receive their King again : But the Roma ws refuſing the ſummons, he ſenc
Prfine vro. Privith an Herauld to proclaim-open Wars againft them, and toell them where and when he would
——_—_— meet them , and then marched thitherwards immediately with a great Army. Pxblicolanow bei
with Rome, Abſent was choſen Conſul the fecond rime, and Titus Lucretius with him. When he was —_
Publicola and home againto Rom, becauſe he would exceed King Porſena in greatneſs of mind, he began to build
Titus LucreFls a'Ciry called $16 L1uk1a, evenwhen the King with all his Army was not far from Rome, and"ha-
Conluls. ving walled it about to his marvellous charge, he fent thither ſeven hundred Citizens to dwell
there, to ſhew that he made little account of this War. Howbeit Porſena at his coming did give
ſuch a luſty aſſault ro the mount Janiculum, that they drave out the Souldiers which kept the ſame;
who flying towards Rome were purſued ſo hard with the Enemies , that with them they had
entred rhe Town, had not Pxblicola made a (ally our to refift them ; Who began a hot skirmiſh
hard by the River of Tyber, and there ſought ro have ſtayed the Enemies to follow any further ;
Which :being the grearer number did overlay the Roma ws, and did hurt Publicola very ſore in
this 'kirmiſh, ſo as he was carriedaway into the Ciry in his Souldiers Arms. And even ſo was the
other Conſul Zacrerizs hurt in like caſe, which ſo diſcouraged and frayed the Roma ws, that
they all rook-them to their legs and fled towards the City. The enemies purſued them at their
heels, as far as the wooden Bridge , So that the City was in marvellous hazard of taking _
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Y
A
the ſudden. But Horatins Cocler,:and Herminins, and Lucretins,. two other of the chiefeſt noble
young men of the City, ſtood with them to the defence of the Bridge, and made head againſt the ;1,44 wo tes
Enemy. This Horatins was ſaxnamed Cocles (as much to ſay: as one eye) becauſe he had loſt one why to ca led
of chem inthe Wars. beit.ather Writers ſay, it was becauſe of his flat noſe, which was ſo ſunk
inco his head, thar they Mw nothing co part his eyes, bur that the eye-brows did+meet together
by reaſon whereof: the people thinking: to ſurname him Cyclops, by corruption of the tongue they
called him (as they:fay) Cocleg. Butihowſoever it was, this Horatius Cocles had the courage to ſhew
his face againſt the! Enemy, and.ts; keep the Bridge, untill ſuch time as they had cur and broken it
up behind bim,';./When he ſaw they had-done that, armed as he was and hurt in the hip with a pike
ofthe Thus Ca N65, he leaped-ynjo.the River -of T yber , and aved himſelf by ſwimming unto
the other ſide., Publicola wondring at this manly- a&t of his, perſwaded the Romans ftraight, Good ſervice
every one accogding to his ability, to give him ſo much as he ſpentin a day , and afterwards alſo rewarded,
he -cauſed the common Treaſury: to give him- as \much land as he could compaſs about with his
plough in a day:- Furthermore, he made his Image of braſs to be fer up in the Temple of YJ#lcane,
comtorting by this honour his wounded hip , whereof he was-lame ever after. Now whileſt
King Porſena wasihotly bent: very ſtraightly ro beliege Ros, there began a famine among the
ROMANS ; and &0;/encreaſe the |danger , there .came a new''Army: out of ThuscA NE which
over-ran, burnt, ' and made enitnaliine Terriney of Rome. Whereupon Publicola being cho- p,z1;.,;,
ſen Conſul then.the third time, thqught he ſhould need to do no more to reſiſt Porſena bravely, Conful,
but to be quier.onely, and to lopk well co the fate keeping of the Ciry. Howbeit ſpying his oppor-
tunity, he ſecretly ſtole out of Rom with a power, and did ſer uponthe Thus cANEs that deſtroyed
the.Countrey aboutz.and overthrew. and flew. of them five thouſand men. As for the hiſtory of
eHurins many Ag diverſly report it; but I will write ir in ſuch ſort as I think ſhall beſt agree
wich the truth. This ſuti»g, was 4. worthy man in all reſpeRs, bur ſpecially for the Wars. He The noble 20s
deyifing how! he: might come 49 kill- King Pprſena , diiguiled bimſelf in Thuscants apparel, - _—_ $c4-
and ſpeaking THYSCANE very perfetly, went into his Camp , and came to the Kings Chair, *'
in. the which-he.gave Audience ;, and; not knowing him perfectly, he durſt not ask which was he,
let he ſhould. be diſcovered, but drew his Sword at. adventure, and flew him whom he took to be
King. Upon. that they Jaid hold, on him, and examined him: And a pan full of fire being brought
for. the King that [intended to do Sacrifice unto the gods, eF{uti:s held out his right hand over
the fire, and boldly, looking che King full in his face, whuleſt the Heſh of his hand did fry off, be
neyer changed hew nor countenance ; The King wondring to ſee ſo ſtrange a fight, called ro them
to withdraw the fire, and he himſelfdid deliver him his Sword again , eMHut:zs took it of him How Mutiue
with his left hand; whereupon, ſay afterwards, he had given him the ſurname of Scevola, as came by the
much to ſay as Jefi-handed, - and told him in taking of it, Thou couldeſt not Porſena with fear have ame of $504
overcomed me, but now through courtefie thou haſt won me. Therefore for good will 1 will reveal *%*:
that unto thee, which no force nor extremity could have made me utter, There are three. hun.
dred Romans diſperſed through thy Camp, all, which are prepared with like minds to follow
that 1 have begun, onely gaping. for opportynity to put it in practiſe, The lot fell on me to be
the firſt to break the Ice of the Enterprize, and yet 1 am not ſorry my hand failed co kill ſo worthy
a man, that deſerveth rather to be a friend' than an enemy unto the Roxans. Porſena hearing this,
did believe it, and ever after he gave the more willing car to thoſe that treated with him of peace ,
not ſo much (in my opinion) for that he feared the three hundred lying in wait to kill him, as for
the admiration. of. the Romans noble mind and great courage, All other Writers call this
man, e Hutins Scevola ; Howbeit 'eAthenodorm ſurnamed Sandon, in a Book he wrote unto Otta-
via, eAuguſts ſiſter, ſaith that he was alſo called Opſigonns. But Publicola taking King Porſena not Publicols ma-
to be {0 | 2 oetungs Foc to.RomE, as he ſhould be a profitable friend and ally to the ſame, keth Porſens
let bim underſtand that he was.contented to make bim Judge of the Controverſie between them and Jo OO
Tarquine, whom he did many times provoke to come. and have his cauſe heard before King Por-
ſena, where: he wquld juſtifie 'to his' face that he was the IE and moſt wicked man of the
world, and that he was juſtly driven- out of his Countrey. T arquine ſharply anſwered, that he
would make no man his judge, and Porſens leſt of all other, for that having promiſed him to pur
him again in his Kingdom, he was now gone from his word, and had changed his mind, Porſena was
very angry with this anſwer, judging this a- manifeſt token that his cauſe was ill, Wherefore
Porftna being follicited again by his own Son eAruns, who loved the Romans, did eafil
grant them peace, upon condition- that they ſhould re-deliver back again to him the Ro,
had gotten, before within the Countrey of THus cans, with the priſoners alſo which they Peace granted
taken in this, War , and in lieu thereof he offered to deliver to them again the ROMans, RE by
that had fled from them unto him. To confirm this peace the Rowans delivered him Ho- '
ſages, ten. of the, Nobleſt mens. Sons of the City, and io many of their Daughters ; among
which was Jaleria, Publicola's own Daughter. Peace being thus concluded, Porſena brake his
Army, and withdrew his ſtrevgth, truſting ro the peace concluded. The Rowuans Daughters
delivered for Hoſtages, came down to the Rivers: fide to waſh. them, in a quiet place where the
ſtream ran but gently, without any - force or ſwiftneſs at all. When they were there , and ſaw
they had no Guard about them, nor any came that way, nor yet any boats going up nor down
the ftream , had a defire to ſwim over the: River, which ran with a ſwift ſtream , and
was marvellous deep. Some ſay, that one Clzlis ſwam the River upon her borſe back, rm
Tarquines.
'
90 P.U BL BC\0O LM.
CR __— —
that ſhe did embolden and encourage the other. co ſwim hard: by her horſe-ftide, and recover-
The bolineſs ing: 'the other bank , and being paſt all dariger:; - they wetit'and preſented themſelves before
of Clatia and Publicola the ' Conſul. Who' neirher commended rhem, nor 'liked' the part rhey-had mo bur
other Roman was marvellous ſorry , fearing left men would judge him leſs/carefull : keep' his faith 5 than
Virgins, was King - Porſena,; and that he might ſuſpect the boldneſs 'of "theſe lens was bur a crafty
fleight deviſed -of the Romans .; Therefore he rook them;all again , and- ſerr: them 'nanme-
diately unto King Porſena, /Whereof T arquine having intelligence; he laid/ an\ambuſh'for thein-
that had the conduRion of them. * Who ſo ſoon /as they- were paſt 'the River, did-ſhew themſelves!
and / brake upon--the Romans; they being far fewer in yumber-than the'/other-, did 'ye'
very ſtoutly defend themſelves. '+ Now whilſt they were in eariieſt fight rogerhes; F/alerid Piub-
licola's daughter, and three of ther Fathers Seryants; eſcaped-throggh the midſt of -them ,"-and:
faved themſelves. ' The reſidue of ' the Virgms remained” in the'/ midſt among' their-ſwords, :in-
great danger of their lives. eAruns King P6rſenay' Son advertiltd hereof, vrun'thither- inconti-!
nently to the reſcue ; bur when he came the” enetnies fled j/ 'and/ the ' Roma ny” held on their
journey to re-deliver their hoſtages. Porſens' ſeeing them-agaih, acked which of/ them -it was
that began firſt to- paſs the River, and had' encouraged rhe” orher” ro' follow 'her./ One 'point-
ed him unto her , and told" him-her name was *Clelia. Heblooked- uponher very . earneſtly,
. and with a pleaſant countenance,” and commanded they ſhould*bring him one'of.his beſt Ho
in the Stable, and the richeſt furniture'he had for the ſame} "atÞ'fo he gave 'it urito her. Thoſe
which hold opinion that none-bat Clelis paſſed-the River- or horſeback, - do'''alledge this to:
prove their Opinion true. Othiers:do deny- it, ſaying ,/ that "this /Trmus ca nu King "did onely
honour her noble courage. /-Howſoever it was, they fee her"Tttiafe on Horſeback in the Holy:
Street, as they goto the Pallace; :And ſome fay ,-'It is the Statue'of Faleria y "other of Cleliny
The liberality Afr Porſena had 'made peace with the Roma's, 'in breaking” up his Camp, he ſhewed his
of King Porſe- noble mind unto them in many 'other things 3» and ſpecially-in that he 'commanided- his Sonldi-
nz tothe Ro- ers they ſhould carry nothing but 'itheir armour and weapon 'vnely," leaving his Camp fill of
_ Corn, Viduals, and other kind of goods. - From whence this- cuſtom came thar'ar- this day
when they make open ſale of any thing belonging to the Cortmonyweal , the'Sergeant or Com-
mon-Cryer cryeth, that they are King Porſens'# Goods), and” raketi of thankfulneſs and- perpe-
ttal memory of 'his bounty ahd-liberality cowards them. | Further; 'Porſena's Triage ſtandeth ad-
joyning to the- Pallace where' the Senate is uſed-ro be \kept, yvhich/is made of grear/ antick work,
Afterwards the Sa By ns” invading the Roman” Territory witt-a'great forte |" Harcus Va-
Marcus Pate | lerins- Publicola's Brother , was then choſen Conſul, with 6ne'Poſthamins -Twbertns, Howbeit
rius, Pofthumi-' all matters: of -weight and importance paſſed by -Publicela's tounſel' and authoriry ,- Who - was
ws Tubereus preſent at any thing that- was done; and by whoſe means Favors his Brother wan two great
_ 12. Bartles, in the laft whereof he flew thirteen thouſand of- his enemies, nor loſing one of his own
":ir the bro- men. For which! his ViRories, beſides the honour of Triumph 'he had, the people alſo at their
ther of Pub!i- own charges built him an houſe in 'the ſtreet of Mount Palarine; and granted him moreover
cola triumph- that his door ſhould' open outwards into the ſtreet, where all: ather mens doors' did open in-
= over the wards into their houſe : ſignifying/by grant of this- honour"and' priviledge , that he ſhould
Pye. always have benefit by the Commonweal. It'is'reporred that the GrEc1a ns" doors of their
houſes in old time, did all open' outwards after that faſhion : 'Arid' they do cotijeRture it by
the Comedies that' are played ; where thoſe that would go out of their houſes, did firſt knock
at their doors, and" make a noiſe within the houſe, leſt in opening 'their door: upon a ſudden,
they might overthrow or hurt him that tarried at-the Street-door,or paſſed by. the way, who
hearing the noiſe had- warning ſtraight'to. avoid\the\danger. "The next year after - that , Pub-
licola was choſen Conſul the fourth time , becauſe they too in-great doubt thatthe Samy ns
and" LAaTINS- would join rogether to make Wars-upon them : Beſides all this, there was
a-certain ſuperſtitious fear ran through the City, of ſome ill hap"toward it, becauſe moſt part
of 'the women with child were delivered of imperfe&' Children , lacking ſome one limb or 0-
ther, and all of ther came before- their time, '-Wherefore Pxbtoola looking in ſorme of Sybil-
la's Books, made private facrifice- unto Plwro; and did ſet up again ſome Feaſts and ſolemn
Games that were left off, and had been commanded” before time to - be kept by 'the Oracle of
eApollo. Theſe' means having a. little rejoiced the- Ciry witty good: hope, beeauſe' they thought
rhac ' the anger of the gods had been appeaſed': Publicola then began” to: provide for the dan-
gers that they: were threatned withall by men, for that -news 'was brought him «that! cheir ene-
mies were up in all places, and 'made great preparation to invade'them, Now- there was- at that
-rime- amongſt the Sa ByNs a great rich man called «Fppins'Clanſus , very ftrong and aRive
of body, and otherwiſe a man of great reputation and eloquenee, + above all the'reſt of his coun-
trey-men ; Bur. hotwithſtanding 'he was muchi-envied; and could” not avoid it! being a thing:
common to great men. He went about to ftay thoſe intende& Wars againft' the Romans.
Whereupon many which before'' took occaſion #0 murmur againſt. him , did 'now' "much more
encreaſe the fame; with ſaying he 'ſooght to-' maintain the power of the Rokans ,- that af-
terwards' by their aid he might - make himſelf Tyrant and King of the 'Countrey, "The com-
mon people gave 'eaſie' ear unto- ſuch ſpeeches," ahd' eAppius perceiving well 'enongh how the
ſouldiers hated him deadly , he feared they would complain nd accuſe him. 'Wherefore being
well backed-and- fro0d-ro by his Kinfmen, Friends , - and Followers, he practiſed 40 make a ftir
4 among
_
FAYE ESS >
FERTSD@
reover
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ſhould
f their
it by
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_
y, who
7 Pub-
ABYNS
ere Was
> BURDI COL 4».
— _
Ol
the: $4 $1 5 ,, which; was the- cauſe of fhaying/ thee Wars agamft the Roukns
Publicals Allo thor his: pry dligent;: not onelty to: underſtand the original cauſe of this
her and encreeſe/ [the fame , having gorren men meer for that pur-
carried. a {pprusofuch '2 meſlage: from-bim ,- That” fPablicole knew very well 'he was
revetged of -bis-Canzens' to: the general hurt of -his
ſedition, «wk feed on further
pole, whi
2. juſt w2n 41306 004; that would not 'be
Counixeys akbough. the: injuaits be received ax their hands delivered him juſt bccafhon to do! 42-4
Nevertheleſs if be had any defire- to provide: for his fafety:;] and-10. repaiyirg Row , leaving
them which cauſeleſs wiſhed him ſo much evil, they would both openly and privately receive
him with that due honour which his vertue deſerved , and the worthineſs of the Romax
people required. Clauſus baving/ long aid \many' times confidered this matter with himſelf, re-
ſolved, that it was the beſt way he could rake, making vertne of neceſlity ; and theretore being deter-
mined to doit, he did procure his Friends to doas he did, and they got other alſo to them, ſo that he
brought away with him our of the Countrey of the Sa » y xs, five thouſand Families wicththeir Wives
and Children (of the quieteſt and moſt peaceable people amongrthe Sa By xs) todwell at Rome,
Afpins Clauſus
Publicola being advertiſed thereof before they came, did receive them at their coming to Rot gocth to dwell
with great joy,and all manner of good courteous entertainment, For at their firſt coming he made them at Rome.
all and their Families free Citizens, and afligned unto every perſon of them two 7ugera of Land (which
contained one acre; one rood, eleven pole, and fixty nine partS\of A pole ) by the River of Tyber :
And unto eAppins ſelf he gave five and twemy Fugera (to wit , fixteen acres and a half, four pole
and ſeventy ſix parts of a pole) and received him into the number of the Senators. And thus came
he firſt untoghe gaverniuent, of the Commonweal in Roz, where he did ſo wilely'behave himſelf,
that in the en& he 'rame ro be the chiefeft min of dignity and authority in Rome fo long as he
lived. After his death he left behind himthe Family of the Claudians, deſcending from him , which
for honour and worthineſs gave no place to the nobleſt Family in Romt. But now the ſedition a-
mongſt the SA BY xs being paciked, by the departure of choſe that were goneto Roms ; The ſediti-,
The family of
the Claudians,
ous Governours would not ſuffer thoſe that remained to live in peace, but ſtill cryed out, It were too
much ſhame forthem that Clawſus being a fugitive, and become an enemy, ſhould honour their ene-
mies abroad, that being preſent durſt not ſhew ſo much at home, and that the Romans ſhould eſ-
cape unxevenged, who had done them ſuch apparent wrongs. So
they raiſed great force and power,
and went an rommpge: wittheir army near the City of FiDz xs, and laid an ambufh hard by Row x
in certain hi hollow places, where they put rwo thouſand choice foormen, very well armed,
and did appeintche next morning to ſend certain light horſmen torun and prey toRomEe-gates ; com-
manding them, that when the Ro ma xs came out of the City to charge them, they ſhould ſeem lei-
ſurely to rerixe, untill they hal drawn them within danger of their ambuſh. Pablicola receiving full
intelligence of al} their intention; by a Traitor that fled frorm-thegg unto him, made due preparation
to encounter with their privy ambyſh, and ſo divided his Army-jazg-4wo parts ; For he gave his Son
in Law Poſtb«mius Balbus three thouſand footmen, whom he ſent away by night, commanding them
the ſame nightto take the hills, in the botrom whereof the Sas vr ns were laid in ambuſh. Lucretia
fellow-Conful with Fanuenn, having the lighteſt and luſtieſt men of the Ciry, was appointed to make
head againſt the vantcurrers of the $a ny xs that minded to approach the gates. And Publicola with
the reſt of the Army marched a great compaſs about to incloſe hig enemies behind, The next morning
berimes, by chance it was a thick miſt, and at.that preſent time, Poſthumigs coming down from the
bills, with great ſhouts charged them that lay in-ambuſh. Zucrecias 0n the other fide fer upon the Jight
ho lemen af the $4 BY NS, and Publicala fell upon their Camp. Sothar of all tides the Sa ny 5/en-
terprize had yery ill ſucceſs, For hey beg the worſt in every place, and the Romans killed them Ry-
ing, without any turning again to make reſiſtance. ..Thus the place which gave them hope of beſt ſate-
ty, turned moſt to their deadly overthrow. For every one of theix companies . the other
had been whole and unbroken, when a charge was given upon them, did ſtrayghe break, and ge-
ver a company of rhem turned head toward theix enemy ; For they that were in the Camp, ran rowafds
them that were in ambuſh , and thoſe which were in ambuſh on the contrary ſide, ran rowards them
that were in Camp. So that in flying the one met with the other, and found thoſe rowards whom they
were flying to have been ſafe,.to ſtand in as much need of help as themſelves, That which ſaved ſome
that were not ſlain, wasthe City of F1Dz Nes, which was near the Camp, and ſpecially ſayed thoſe
which fled chicher. Bur ſuch as came ſhort of the City and could not in time recover it, were all flain
12 the Field, or. taken priſoners, As forthe glory ot this honourable Victory, albeit the Rox ans
were wont ta aſcribe all ſuch great.notable matters tothe ſpecial providence and grace of the gods, yet
at that time notwithſtandivg they did judge that this bappy ſucceſs fell out by the wiſe torelight and va-
liantneſs of the Captain. For every man that had ſerved in his journey ,. had no other talk in his mourh,
but that Publicolabad delivered thnir enemies into'their hands, lame and blind, and as a man might
fay, bound hand and feer to kill them at their pleaſure, The people were marvelloully enriched by this
Victory, as well for the ſpoil as-for che ranſora, of the priſoners that they had gotten. Now Publice-
la after be had ttiumphed, and left the government of the City to thoſe which were choſen Conſuls for
the Year following, died incontinently, having lived as honourably and vertuouſly all the days of his
lifeas any man living might do. The people then took order for his Funerals, that the charges thereof
ſhould be defrayed by the City, as if they had never done him any honour in his lite, 4nd that they had
The $45yn*
ain,
The death of
Publicola.
been ſtill debtors unto him for the noble ſervice he had done unto the State and Commonweal whilſt he His Funera's,
lived. Therefore towards his Funeral charges, every Citizen gave a piece of money called a Quatrine.
The
SOLON and PUBLICOLA.
Publicols hap- &
PY-
The Women alſo for their part tohonour his Funerals, -agreed among themſelves to mourn a whole
year in black for him, which was a great and e memorial , He was buried alfo'by expreſs
order of the people, within the City, n the ftreet called YJek;a, and they granted priv alſounts
all his IS > 1 bee place.” Howbeit they do no-more bury aty of his there :
But when any'die; they bring the Coarſe unto this place, and one holding a torch burning in his hand,
doth put it under the place, ws rr rs er to ſhew that they have liberry co bury him
there, but that they willingly refuſe bis honour ; and this done, they carry the Coarſe away again.
Di! , -
.
z
The end of the Life of Publicola,
UM"
THE COMPARISON OF
SOLO N'wth PUBLICOLAM.
| = 3
®OW preſently to compare theſe two perſonages together, it ſeemeth they both
: bad one Veins in them ; which is not found in any other of their lives which
& we have written of before. And the ſame is, that the one hath been a witneſs,
2 and the other a follower of him, to whom he was like, So as the ſentence that
g- Solon ſpake to King Crafas touching Tellus felicity and happineſs, might have
g been better applied unto Pwblicola then to Tellus : whom he j to be ve-
© ry happy becauſe he died honourably, he had lived vertuouſly, and had left be-
hind him goodly children. And yet Solon ſpeaketh nothing of his excellency
_ 44/7 .* © or vertuein any of his Poems: Neither did heever bear any honourable office
inall his time, nor yet left any Children that carried any great fame or renown after his death. Where-
as Publicolaſolong as he lived, was always the chief man among the R Oma ws, of credit and authori-
ty-; and aft fince his death certain of the nobleft Families and moft ancient Houſes of Rome,
in theſe our days, as the PuBLICOLES , the MEsSALEs , and the VaLEkrIans, for fix hundred
+ yearscontinuance, do refer the glory of the Nobility and ancientry of their Houſes unto him, Fur-
cermore, Tellxs was (lain by his enemies, fighting valiantly like a worthy honeft man : But P abl:-
oola died after he had lain his enemies ; which is far more greater good hap then to be ſlain. For af-
ter he as General had honourably ſerved his Countrey in He Wars, and had left them Conquerors,
having in his life time received all honors and triumphs due unto his ſervice,he attained ro that happy end
of life, which Soloz accounted and efteemed moſt happy and bleſſed. Alſo in wiſhing manner he would
his end ſhould be lamented to his praiſe, in a place where he confuteth Afimnermas abgut the conti-
' nuance of mats life, by ſaying, |
—_
SOLON and P'UBLICOLA
Let tut my. death mithout lamenting pa,
But rathty let my friendsbeyyail the ſame :
{109014 tears, And cries of out alas,
Aday oft refound tht Echo of my name.
If that be good/hap, rhen wok happy makath he 2 »6{56944 : for ar his death, not onely his friend
and kiasfolks,. hu ahe:whole City alloy and many. thouſand perſons, beſides, did bitterly bewail the
loſs of him, Foe #ihe Womencot Rams did movin for him in black, and did moſt pitifully lament
bis Death, a5 «very. one of then had loſt githex Farther, Brother, or Husband.
: 22 1799" Ty ae'it #; Thar 1 cove} goods to bave :
1 © wy V's "Butjer ſo. got ucmay: [ not deprave,
Solon ſaith this,; bectule hy g6lnce followed ill-gatten goods. And Publicola took great head, not
onely to ge his goods molt juſtly, bur had regard that thoſe which he had, he ſpent moſt honeſtly in
helping the needy, - So that, if Solo was juſtly rrp the wiſeſt man, we nuwſt needs confels alſo that
P ublicola was xht happieh, 'For what the one deſited for the greateſt and moſt perfe& good a man
can have ip the World, the other hath won is, kept. it, and uſed it all his life time, untill the hour of
his death. And. thys hath Splox honoured Publicola, and Publicola bath done the like unto Solon ;
ſhewing himſelf a perie&t exaitigle and looking-glaſs; wherein men may ſee how to govern a popular
ſtata , when be, made his Conſulſhip void of all pridg and Rately. ſhew, and became himſelf affable,
courteous, 20d beloved ery y, So took he profit by many of his Laws ; as when he ordain-
ed that the people only {hould fave authority to chuſe and create all common Officers and Magiſtrates,
and that they, might. appeal from:any Judge to the People : as Solon when he ſuffered them to ap-
peal unto the Judgeaof the people. Indeed Publicalq did not create any new Senate, as Solon did,
but he did augment the firſt number, with as many perſons almoſt as there were before, He did alſo Publicols
fir ere&the office of Lyaſtores, for keeping of all Fines, Taxes, and other colle&ions of money. _—_— =
Becauſe the chiefeſt Magiſtrate, if be were an honeſt man ſhould not for ſo light an occaſion be raken F _y _—
from the care of better and more weighty affairs , and if he were wickedly given, and ill diſpoſed, that þ
he ſhould have no ſuch mean or om ro work his wicked will, by having the treaſure of the City in
his hands, and to command what he liſt, Moreover in hating the Tyrants, Pwblicola therein was far
more ſharp and terrible, For Solo in his Laws puniſhed him that went about ro make himſelf a Ty-
rant, yet after he was convicted thereof by Law ; but Publicola ordained that they ſhould kill him,
* before the Law did paſs upon him, that ſought to be King. And where Soloz juſtly and truly vaunt-
eth himſelf, that being offered to be King and Lord of ATH#zNs, and thatwith the whole conſent of
the Citizens, yethe did notwithſtanding refuſe it : This vaunt and glory is asdue unto Publicola, who
» l-yo77
3 3
finding the dignity of a Conſul tyrannical, he brought it to be more lowly and favourable for the peo-
ple, not taking upon him all the authority he might lawfully have done. And it ſeemeth that Solon
knew before him what was the true and dire&t way to govern a Commonweal upright, For he ſaith in
one place :
Both great and ſmall of power, the better will obey,
If we too little or too much upon them do not lay.
The diſcharging of debts was proper to Solon, which was a full confirmation of liberty : For lictle
prevaileth Law to make equality among Citizens when debts do hinder the poor people ro enjoy the
benefit thereof, And where it ſcemeth that they have moſt liberty, as in that they may be choſen Judg-
es and Officers, to ſpeak their Opinion in the Council, and give their voices alſo , There indeed are
they moſt bound and ſubje&, becauſe they do but obey the rich in all they do command, Bur yet in
thisa& there is a thing more wonderfull, and worthy to be noted, That commonly diſcharging of
debts was wont to breed great tumults and ſeditions in Commonweals. And Soloz having uſed it in a
very good time (as the Phyſician venturing a dangerous medicine) did appeaſe the ſedition already be-
gun, and did utterly quench through his glory, and the common opinion they had of his wiſdom and
vertue, all the infamy and accuſation that might have grown of that act, As for their firſt entry in-
to the government, Solons beginning was far more noble: For he went before, and followed not a -
nother ; and himſelf alone without any others help, did pur in execution the beſt, and moſt part of all
his notable and goodly Laws. Yet was Publicola's end and death much more glorious and happy ;
For Solon before he died, ſaw all his Commonwealth overthrown ; But Publicola's Commonweal con-
riawed whole as he left it, untill the broil of civil wars began again among them. Solo after he had made
his:Laws, and written them in wooden Tables, leaving them withour defence of any man, went his way
immediately out of the City of ATHENS. Pablicola abiding continually in Ros governing the itate,
did throughly ftabliſh and confirm the Laws he made, Furthermore, Slon having wiſely foreſeen Py-
ſſtratus praiſes, aſpiring to make himſelf King, he could never ler him for all that, but was himſelf
overcome and opprefled with the Tyrranny he ſaw ſtabliſhed in his own fight, and in deſpight of him,
where Publicola overthrew and did put down a mighty Kingdom, that had continued of long time,
and was throughly ftabliſhed , his vertue and defire being equall with Solons, and having bad beſides
fortune favourable, and ſufficient power to execute his vertuous and well-diſpoſed mind. Burt as for
Wars and Martial Deeds, there is no Compariſon to be made between them. For Daimachus
| Plateran
94
SOLONadPUBLICOL A
———_—
A politick pre»
cept,
Plateian, doth not attribute the Wars of the ME GARIANS unto Solop, as we have written it : where
Publicola being General of an Army, and fighting himſelf in-perſon, hath won many great battles.
And as for matters of peace and civil government, Solor: never durſt preſent himſelf openly to per-
ſwade the enterprize of SALAMINA, but under a counterfeit madneſs, and as a fool to make ſport :
where Publicola taking his adventure from the beginning, ſhewed- himſelf without diflimulation an
open Enemy to Tarquine, and afterwards he revealed all the whole conſpiracy. .And when he had been
the onely Cauſe and Authour of puniſhing the Traitors, he did not onely drive out of Roms the Ty-
rants ſelyes in perſon, but took fromthem alſo all hope of return again, Who havingalways thus no-
bly and valiantly behaved himſelf, without — or flying from ought that required force,
a manly courage, or open refiftance , did yet ſhew himſelfdiſcreet, where wildom was requiſite, or
reaſon and perſwaſion needfull. As when he cunningly wan King Porſena, who was a dreadfull Ene-
my unto him, and invincible by force ; whom he handled in fuch good ſort, that be made him bis
Friend. Peradventure ſome might ſtand in this, and fay, that Solon recovered the Ile of Sar amtna -
unto the ATHENIANS, which they would have loft. Publicola to: the contrary reſtored the I:ands
unto Porſena again, which the Roma Ns had conquered before, within the Cotntrey of Tus cane,
But the times in which theſe things were done, are always to be conſidered of, For a wiſe Governor of
a Realm, and politick man, doth govern diverſly according to the occafions offered, ung every thing
in his time wherein he will deal, and many times in _ go one thing he ſayeth the-whole , and in
loſing a little he gaineth much : as Pwblicola did, who loſing a little piece of another mans Countrey
which they had uſurped, ſaved by that means all that was afſuredly his own. And whereas the Ro-
MANS thought he ſhould do very much for them to fave their City onely, he got” theni moreover all
the goods that were in their Enemies Camp which did befiege them. And in making his Enemy judge
of his quarrell, he wan the victory , winning that moreover which he wauld gladly have given to have
overcome, and have ſentence paſs on his fide, For the King their Enemy did not onely make peace
with them, but did alſo leave them all his furniture, proviſion, and: mumition for the wars : even for
the vertue, manhood, and juſtice, which the great wiſdom of the Conſul perſwaded Porſena to be-
lieve to be inall the other Roa xs, atk ER x
—_—_——
THE LIFE OF
THEMISTOCLES.
3461,
HEeSMISTOCLES Parentage did littleadvance his glory, for his Father 1\ eo-
by cles was of (mall reputation in ATH1 = ws,being of the hundred of Phrear,and tribe
of Leontis ;, and of his mother analien or ſtranger, as theſe Verſes do witnels :
eAbretonon 1 am, yborn in Thracia,
And yet this high good hap I have, that into Grecia
I have brought forth a Son, Themiſtocles by name,
The glory of the Greekifh bloods, and man of greateſt fame.
Howbeit Phanza writeth, that his Mother was not a T#&Aac 1A N, but born in
the Countrey of Can1a , and they do not call her efbrotonon but Enterpe. And Neanthes faith
; that ſhe wasof Hatrcannassus, the chicfeſt City of all the Realm of Carta. For
which cauſe when the ſtrangers did afſemble at Cynoſargos (a place of exerciſe without the gate dedi- |
cted to Herewles, which was not a ri , but noted analien, in thar his mother was a mortal Qareny X
woman:) Themiftoctes perſwaded divers youths of the moſt honourable houſes, ro godown with him, rag yea”
and to anoint themſelves at Cynoſargos , cunningly theredy taking away the difference between the right eo #1. rcules.
and allied fort. Bur ferting apart al theſe circumſtances, he was no doubt allied unto the houſe of the
LYcomedians , For Themsftocles cauſed the Chappel of this Family, which is in the Village of Pax y ns,
being once burnt yl the barbarous people, to be built up again at his own charges, and as Simonides
Gaith, he did ſet it forth and enrich it with piRtures. Moreover every man doth confeſs it, that even from
his childhood they did perceive he was givento be very hot-headed, ſtirring, wiſe, and of good ſpirir, Th-miſfocter
and enterprizing of himſelf co do great things, and born to rule weighty cauſes. For at ſuch days and —
hours as he was taken from his Book, and had leave to play, he never played, nor would never be
idle, as other Children were ;, Bur they always found him conning fome Oration without Book, or
making it alone by himſelf ; and the ground of his matter was ever commonly, either to defend or
accuſe fome of his Companions. Where his Schoot-maſter obferving him, oft faid unto him :
*ure ſome great matter hangeth over thy hea my Boy, for it cannor be chofen bur that one day thou
thalt do fome notable good thing, or ſome extream miſchief, Therefore when they went abour to
teach him any thing, to check his nature, or ro fafhion him with good manners and civility, or
to ſtudy any matter for pleaſure or honeft paſtime, be woutd ſlowly and carelefly tearn of them.
But if they delivered him any marter of wit, and things of weight concerning ſtate, they ſaw he
would bear ar it maryetouſly, and would underſtand more than any could of his age-and carriage,
truſting zhogether to his natural mother wit. This was the caufe rhas being mocked afterwards
by
— —
96 THEMISTOCLES
Dn —
by ſome that had ſtudied humanity and other liberal Sciences, he was driven for revenge and his
own defence, to anſwer with great and ſtout words, ſaying, that indeed he had no kill to tune a
Harp, nor a Viol, norto play on a Pfalterion ; but if ns. did put a City into his hands that was
of ſmall name, weak, and little, he knew ways enough how to make it noble, ſtrong, and great.
Themiſtocles Nevertheleſs Steſmmbrotus writeth, how \he went to «Angxagoras Schoo pd that under eMeliſſus
was 14x42"; he ſtudied natural Philoſophy. But herein he was greatly deceived, for that he took no great heed
"os wing 7" unto the time. For Meliſſus was Captain of the Samians againſt Pericles, at what time he did
lay ſiege unto the City of Samos. Now this is true, Pericles was much younger than Themiſtocles,
and eAnaxagoras dwelt with Pericles in his own houſe. Therefore we have better reaſon and occaſion
Mneſiphilus to believe thoſe that write, Themsſtacles did determine to follow e71neſephilus Phrearian. For he
Phrcarian, was no profeſſed Orator nor natural Philoſopher, as they termed him im that time ; but made pro-
What wifaor fellion of that which then they called wiſdom ; -which was no other thing bur a certain know.
waz ls ledge to handle great cauſes, and an endeavour to;have'agood wit and judgment in-marters of ſtate
time. and government : Which profeſſion beginning in Soloz, did continue, and was taken up from man
to man, as a ſe of Philoſophy. But thoſe that came fithence, havemingled it with art of ſpeech,
and by little and little have tranſlated the exerciſe of deeds unto bare and curious words : whereup-
on they were called Sophiſters, as who would ſay, counterfeit wiſe men. Notwithſtanding when The-
How the name ,;/focles began to meddle with the government of the Commonweal, he followed much Mneſi-
024 ou philus. In the firſt part of his youth his behaviour and doings were =y light and unconſtant, as
Themiſtacles one carried away with a raſh head, and without any order. or diſcretion : By reaſon whereof his man-
youth, ners and conditions ſeemed marvellouſly to. change, and oft [times fell into very ill-favoured events, as
himſelf did afterwards confeſs, by ſaying , thatar Colt oft times proves a good horſe, ſpecially
if he be well ridden and broken as he ſhould be. Other tales which ſome will ſeem to add to this,
are in my opinion but Fables. - As, that his Father did- difinherit him, and that his Mother forgery
care and {orrow ſhe took to fee the lewd life of her Son, did kill her ſelf. For there are that Write
ro the contrary, that his Father being deſirous to take him from dealing in government, did go and
ſhew him all along the Sea ſhore, the ſhipwracks and ribs of old galleys caſt here and there, where-
of no reckoning was made, and ſaid to. him, thus the People uſe their Governours when they can
ſerve no longer. Howſoever it was, it is moſt true that Themsſtocles earneſtly gave himſelf to ſtate,
and was ſuddenly taken with defire of glory. For even' at his firſt entry, becauſe he would ſer foot
before the proudeſt, he ſtood at pike againſt the greateſt and mightieſt perſons that bare the ſway
The privy and government, and ſpecially againſt eLr:iſtides, Lyſimachus Son, who ever encountred him, and
++ ——_g was ſtill his adverſary oppoſite. Yet it ſeemeth the evil will he conceived toward him , came of a
nd Ariftier very light cauſe. For they both loved Sreſilaus that was born in the City of 'Tzos, as eAriſton the
Philoſopher: writeth. And after this jealouſie was kindled between them, they always took con-
trary part one againſt another, not onely in their private likings, but alſo in the government of the
Commonyeal. ' Yet.-Iam perſwaded, that the difference of their manners and conditions did much
Ariſtides a juft encreaſe the grudge and diſcord betwixt them, For eAr:i/tides (being by nature a very:goo0d man,
man. a. juſt dealer, honeſt of life, and one that in all his doings would never flatter the people, hor
ſerve his own glory, but rather to the contrary would do, ſay, and counſel! always for the moſt
benefit and commodity of the Commonweal) was oft times enforced to reſiſt Themiſtocles, and
Themiſtocles diſappoint his ambition, being ever buſily moving the people to take ſome new matter in hand :
ambition, For they report of him, that he was enflamed with defire of glory, and to enterprize great mat-
ters, that being but a very young man at the, battle of Mara THO N, where there was no talk but
of the worthineſs of Captain eHiltiades that had won the battle : He was found many times ſoli-
tary alone deviſing with himſelf, Beſides, they ſay he could take no reſt in the night, neither would
go to Plays in the day time, nor would keep company with thoſe whom he was accuſtomed to
be familiar withall before. Furthermore, he would tell them-that wondred to ſee ſo great alteration
in his manners, and asked him what he ailed, that Acilriades victory would not let him leep, be-
cauſe other thought rhis overthrow at MaxaTHoN, would have made an end of all Wars, How-
beit Themiſtocles was of a contrary opinion, and that it was but a beginning of greater troubles :
Therefore he daily ſtudied how to prevent them, and how to ſee to the ſafety of GrEetcE , and be-
fore occaſion offered, he did exerciſe his City in feats of war, foreſceing what ſhould tollow after.
Themiſtocles Wherefore where the Citizens of ATHENS before did uſe to divide among themſelves the revenue of
perſwaded his their mines of filyer, which were in a part of ATT1ca called Laur1on, he alone was the firſt that
kegparr oy *3. durſt ſpeakto the people, and perſwade them, that from thenceforth they ſhould ceaſe that diſtribu-
leys. 5". tion among themſelves, and employ the money of the ſame: in. making of galleys, to make Wars a-
gainſt'the Gy NETES. For their Wars ofall GxEtcE were moſt cruel, becauſe they were Lords
of the Sea, and had ſo great a number of Ships. This perſwafion drew the Citizens more eaſily to T he-
miſtocles mind than the threatning them with King Darz«s, or the Perſians would have done ; who
were far from them, and not feared that they would come near unto them. So this opportunity
taken of the hatred and jealouſie between the ATHEN1Aans and the AGyNETEs, made the peo-
. .pletoagree, of the ſaid money to make an 100 galleys, with which they fought againſt King Xerxe:,
— 1277 anddid overcome him by Sea. Now after this good beginning and ſucceſs, he wan the Citizens by de-
force to Sea by LIES tO. bend their force to Sea, declaring unto them, how by land they were ſcant able tro make
Themiſtocles head againſt their equals, whereas by their power at Sea they ſhould not onely defend themſelves
perſwaſion. from the barbarous people, but moreover be ablero command all GREECE, Hereupon he made them
good
—_ _
_— 0-7 7 I
<
THEMISTOLCES.
OT —EEE—_— — ————— — — © ————
Ee ee.
good mariners, and paſling Sea-men, as Plato ſaith, where before they were ſtout and valiant ſouldiers
by land. This gave his enemies occaſion to caſt it in his teeth afterwards, that he had taken away
from the ATHENIANS the pike and the target, and had brought them tothe bank and the ower .
and ſo he got the upper hand of A41riades, who inveighed againſt him in that, as Steſimbrorus
writeth, Now after he-had thus his will, by bringing this Sea-ſervice to paſs, whether thereby he did
overthrow the juſtice of the commomweal or not, I leave that to the Philoſophers to diſpute, Bur
that the preſervation of all Gxzzcz ſtood at that time upon the Sea , and that the galleys onely were
the cauſe of ſetting up ATHsns again , Xerxes himſelf is a ſufficient witneſs , beſides other proofs
that might be brought thereof, For his army by Land being yet whole, and unſet on , when he ſaw
his Army by Sea broken, diſperſed, and ſunk, he fled traight upon ir, conteiling as it were that he was
now too weak to deal any more with the Gxz cans, and left Mardonins his Lieutenant in Greece,
of purpoſe in my opinion, rather to let that the Gxzc1a xs ſhould not follow him, then for any
hope he had to overcome them. Some write of Themsſ/tocles , that he was a very good husband for Thewmiftsc!
his. own profit , and carefull to look to his things , for he did ſpend liberally, and loved oft to make 2 goed but-
Sacxifices , and honourably to receive and entertain ſtrangers ; wherefore he had good reaſon to be w_—_ _
carefull ro get, to defray his charges. Other to the contrary blame him much, that he was too near and ** PV
miſerable ; For ſome ſay he would fell preſents of meat that were given him. He did ask one Ph:l:des
on a time which had a breed of mares, a colt of gift ; who denying him flatly he was fo angry, that
he threatned him ere it were long he would make his houſe the horſe of wood, with the which Tzo1 a
was taken, Meaning covertly to let him underſtand that he would ſhortly der ſtrife and quarrel betwixt 75 iſtectes
him, and his neareſt kinſmen and familiar friends, It is true that he was the moſt ambitious man of extream!; am-
the world ;. For when he was but a young man , and ſcantly known, he earneſtly entreated one Epicles bitivus.
born at H8RMIONNA, anexcellent player of .the Citern, and counted at thartime the cunningeſt
man inall AT#® Ns at that inſtrument , that he would come and teach his art at his houſe, and all was
no more but that many people being deſirous to hear him play , ſhould ask for his houſe , and come
thither to him, And one year when he went unto the Feaſt and aſſembly of the plays Olympicall,
he would needs keep open houſe for all comers , have his tents richly furniſhed, and a great train oi
ſervants and all other furniture, onely to contend with C:mon.: This marvelfoully ſpited the Gr xc 1-
ANS, whothought Themsſtocles expences fit for Cimons countenance and ability-,- becauſe he was 2
young gentleman, and of a noble houſe , but for himthat was but a new come man, and would bear a
greater port then either became his calling or ability they thought it not onely unallowable in him,
but meer preſumption and vainglory. Another time he defrayed the whole charges of a tragedy
which was plaied openly ; and being ſet out therein to have won the priſe, and the ATHEN1AaNs be-
ing marvellous deſirous of the honour in ſuch plays, he cauſed this Victory of his to be painted in a
Table which he did dedicate and ſet up in a Temple, with this Inſcription , Themiſtocles Phrearian
defrayed the charges ; Phrynic us made it , Aaimantus was chief Ruler, Yet notwithſtanding he was
well taken of the common people, partly becauſe he would ſpeak to every citizen by his name, no man
telling him their names, and-partly alſo becauſe he ſhewed himſelf an upright judge in private mens
cauſes. As one day he anſwered the Poer Simonides , born in Cx1o , who did requeſt an unreaſona-
ble matter at his hands , at that time when he was governour of the Ciry. Thou couldſt be no good , ,.;-.
Poet, Simonides, if thou didſt fing againſt the rules of muſick ; Neither my felf a good governour of
a City , if Iſhould do any thing againſt the Law. And mocking the ſame Simon:des another time,
he told him he was but a fool to Peck ill of the Corinthians, conlidering they were Lords of ſo great
and ſtrong a City ; and that he was not wiſe to make himſelf to be drawn , being ſo deformed and ill- rhemiſtoctes
favoured. But being grown in credit , and having won the favour of the people, he was ſuch an ene- made Arijti-
my to Ariſtides, that in the end he made him to be expulſed and baniſhed ATHzn s for five years. _ ve bo:
When news were brought that the King of Pzx s14a was onwards on his journey , and coming
down to make wars upon the GREcIaNns : the ATHENIANS conſulted whom they ſhould make
their Generall, And it is reported that all their common Counſellors which were wont to ſpeak in
matters, fearing the danger, drew back, ſave an Orator called E 7 Euphemides Son , very elo- _
quent in ſpeech, but ſomewhat womaniſh, faint-hearted, and greedy of money, who offered himſelf of —
to ſue for this charge, and had ſome hope to obtain it. Wherefore Them:iſtocles fearing all would not ,,, 1. Genera),
be well if it fell to this man to be Generall of the Army, he bought out Epicydes ambition with ready
ny , and ſo made him let fall his ſuit. It fell out Themsſtocles was greatly commended, about that
was done to the Interpreter , that came with the King of Perſia's Embaſſadours, and demanded the
Empire of the Grecians both by Sea and Land, that they ſhould acknowledge obedience to the King.
For he cauſed him to be taken and put to death by a common conſent, for uſing the Greek Tongue
in the ſervice and commandment of the barbarous people. It was a notable thing alſo , that at his ,,, . ..
motion Athmiug born at ZE1.s a , was noted of infamy , both he , his children, and all his poſte- {mea for br:-
rity after him , becauſe he brought gold from the King of Perſia , to corrupt and win the Gre- bing,
cians, But the greateſt and worthieſt a& he did in thole parts, was this : that he pacifted all civill
wars among the Grecians , perſwading the Cities to leave off their quarrels untill the wars were
done , in the which they fay Chilews Arcadian did help him more then any other man. He
being now choſen General of the ATHzen1Aawns , went about preſencly to imbark his Citizens in- Thenjfoctes
to Galleys, declcaring to them they ſhould leave their City , and go meet with the barbarous King by General of the
Sea, 10 tar from the coaſt of Greece as they could , but the people did not think that good. Where- 4 _ het
tore he led great numbers of Souldiers by Land into the Countrey of Tex ys 5s with the Lactepa- 5 _—
K
MONIANS,
————
ſayin*
of Themiſtocl« ;
THEMISTOCLES.
The coaſt of
Artemiſum,
| Themiflocles
{tratagem.
MONIANS , to keep the paſſage and entry into THE'SSALY , againſt the barbarous people , which
Countrey ſtood yet ſound ro GREECE, and not revolted to the Maps, Afterwards the Gxzc14Ns
coming from thence without any act done, and the THESSALIANS alſo being won ſomewhat on
the Kings fide , for that all the whole Countrey unto Bozo TIA wasat the devotionand good-will of
the barbarous people , the ATH®Nlans began then to find how Themsftocles opinion to fight by
Sea was very good. Whereupon they ſent him with their Navy to the City of AxTzM151um , to
keep the ſtraight, There the other Grxzcians would have had the LaczpzmoNnraNs and
their Admiral Eurybiades to have had the quthority and commandment of the reſt. But the ATas-
N!ansS Would not ſer {ail under any other Admiral then their own, becauſe theirs were the grear-
eft number of Ships in the Army, and above all rhe other Grecizans. Themsſtecles foreiceing the
danger that was likely to fall out amongſt .themfelves, did willingly yeeld the whole authority unto
Eurybiades, and got the Athenians to agree unto it : afſuringthem, that if they behaved them-
ſelves valiantly in theſe wars, the other Gxxzc1ans of their own accord would afterward ſubmir
themſelves unto their obedience. Hereby' it appeareth , that he onely of all other was at that time the
Originall cauſe of rhe ſaving of Grzz cs ,; and did moſt advance the honour and glory of the Aebe-
nians , by making them to overcome their enemies by force , and their friends- and allies , with li-
beraliry. In the mean time, Eurybiades ſeeing the barbarous fleet riding at anchor all along the Iſle
of APHETzS , with ſucha great number of Ships in the vaward, he began to be afraid. And un-
derſtanding moreover , there were other rwo hundred fail that went to coaſt about the Iſle of Sc 1-
aTHE, and ſo to come in»: he preſently would have retired further into Gxzzcx , and would have
drawn nearer unto Peloponneſus , to the end: their Army by Sea might be near their Army by
Land , as thinking it impoſlible to fight with King Xerxes power by Sea. Whereupon the Inhabi-
rants of the Iſle of Euzoz a, fearing left the Grecrans would leave them to the ſpoil of the enemy, they
cauſed Themiſftocles ſecreily ro be ſpoken withall, and ſent him a good ſum of money by one
called Pelagon. Themiſtacles took the money , as Herodotus writeth , and gave it to Exrybiades.
But there was one Archieles amongſt the Arberians , Captain of the galley called the holy galley,
that was much againſt Themsſtocles interided purpoſe ; who having no money to pay his mariners, did
what he could that they might depart with ſpeed from thence. Themsſtecles ſtirred up then his Soul-
diers more againſt him then before, inſomuch as they went aboard his galley , and rook his ſupper
from him. Architeles being marvellous angry and offended withall, Thew:ſtoctes ſent him both bread
and meat in a pannier , and in the bottom thereof he had put a talent of ſilver, bidding him for
that night to ſup with that, and the next morning he ſhould provide for his matritiers, or elſe he
would complain and accuſe him to the Citizens that he had taken money of the enemies. Thus it is
written by Phanias Lesbian. Moreover the firſt fights in the ftraight of Euzos a ,' between the
Grecians and the barbarous people , were nothing to purpoſe to end the wars between them :
For it was but a taſte given unto them which ſerved the Grecians turn very much , by making them
r0 fee by experience , and the manner of the fight , char it was not the great multitude of Ships, nor
the pomp and ſumptuous ſetting out of the ſame, nor the proud - barbarous ſhouts and ſongs of vi-
Cory , that could ſtand them to purpoſe againſt noble hearts and valiant-minded Souldiers, chatdurſt
grapple with them , and came to hand-ftrokes with their enemies , and that they ſhould make no rec-
koning of all that bravery and brags , but ſhould tick to it like men, and lay it on the jacks of them,
The which ( as it ſeemeth ) the Poet Pindarus underſtood very well , when he ſaid touching the bat-
tel of ARTazMIS1um :
The ſtout Athenians have now foundation layed
Umo the liberty of Greece, by theſe aſſaults aſſayed.
For out of doubt the beginning of victory , is to be hardy. This place ArxTzM151uM is a part
of the Ifle of Euzoxza , looking towards the North , above the City of EsT1#a , lying directly
over againſt rhe Countrey, which ſometimes was under the obedience of the PHiLocTzTxs , and
ipecally of the City of O11z0N. There is a little Temple of Diana, firnamed Oreentall, round
about the which there are trees, and a:compaſs of pillars of white ſtone, which when a man rubs with
his hand , they ſhew of the colour and favour of faffron. And in one of thoſe pillars there is an in-
{cription of lamentable verſes to this effe :
When boldeſt blouds of Athensby their might,
Had overcome the numbers sufinite
Of Afia : they then in memory
Of all their deeds and valiant vwittory,
Began to build this noble Monument ,
And to Diane the ſame they did preſent,
For that they had the Medes likewiſe ſubdued,
eAnd with their bloud, their bardy hands embrued. |
There is a place ſeen alſo upon that coaſt at this day, a good way into the land ,-in the mid(t
whereof are great ſands full of black duft like aſhes : and they think that they burnt in that
place all dead bodies and old ſhipwracks. News being brought what had been done in the
Countrey of THzRMOPYLzS , how that King Leonidas was dead , and how that Xerxes had
won that entry into GRrzzcx by land; the Gxzc1ans then brought their whole Army by Sea
more into GRzzaCE, the ATHzx1ANs being inthe rereward in this retreat, as men whoſe hearts
were lift up with the glory of their former valiant deeds. Now Themsſtocles paſling by _
places
-.
THEMIS'TOCLES.
places where he knew the enemies muſt of - neceſſity fall upon the Lee ſhore for harbour : he
did engrave certain words ſpoken unto the IoN1Aans , in great letters in ſtone , which he tound
there by chance , or purpoſely. brought thither. for that purpoſe , where there was very good
harbour for Ships, and fit places alſo to lie in. Theſe were the words , that the 10x14 x s ſhould
take the GREC1ANS parts being their founders, and anceſtors, and ſuch as fought for their li-
berty ; or. ati the, leaſt they ſhould trouble the army of the barbarous people, and do them all
the miſchief they could , when the. Gxec1aN s ſhould come to fight with them. By theſe words
he hoped either to bring the. Jox1aNs to take their part, or at the leaſt he, ſhould make the
barbarous people; jealous and miſtruſtfull of them. Xerxes being already entred into the upper-
moſt part. of che,Province of Nok1c a. into. the, Countrey PHociDa , burning and deſtroying
the Towns and.;Cities of the PHgCians , the other GrEc14ans lay ſtill and fuffered the inva-
fion , notwithſtanding the AT#zN1aNs did requeſt them to. meer , with the barbarous army in
BotOT1A., to. fave the Countrey of ATT1C a, as before. they had done, when they went by ſea
to ARTEMISIUM;. But they would not bearkento it inno wiſe; and all was becauſe they were de-
firous they ſhould draw to the- ſtraight of P&,0eON NEsSus , and there they ſhould afſemble the
whole ſtrength and power of GRztcE within the bar of the ſame, and make a ſtrong ſubſtanciall
wall from the one Sea to the other. The ATHENIANS were very angry at this device, and were
half diſcouraged and our of heart .to ſee themſelves thus forſaken. and caſt off by. the reſt of the
GRECIANS. "For it was out by/all ſpeech that they alone ſhould fight againſt ſo many thouſands
of enemies , and therefore their onely remedy was, to leave their City , and to get them to the Sea.
The people were very unwilling: to liſten hereunto ,, making their reckoning it was needleſs ro be
carefull ro. overcoine , or to ſave themſelves, having once , forſaken the temples . of their gods,
and the graves. of, cheir Parents: Wherefore Thepsſtocles ſeeing that neither reaſon nor mans per-
ſwaſion cquld bring the people ro like his opinion ; He begat\ to frame a device ( as men do uſe
ſometimes in tragedies ) and ro threaten the ATyENIaNs with figns from heaven, with oracles
and anſwers from the gods. And the occaſion of AMinerva's dragon ſerved his turn for a celeſti-
al ſign and- token , which by good fortune did nor appear in thoſe days in the Temple as it was
wont to do ;, and .the Prieſts fqund the Sacrifices which were daily offered to him , whole and un-
touched by any..:; Wherefore being informed by Them/tocles what they ſhould do, they ſpread a
brute abroad amongſt the people,;that the goddeſs Afinerva , the protetour and defender of the
City , had forſakqy.it., pointing them the way unto the Sea. And again he wah them by a Prophe-
cy , which, commanded them. to fave themſelves in walls of wood, ſaying, that the walls of wood
did fignifie norhing elſe but Ships. And for this cauſe he ſaid , Apollo in the Oracle called Sar a-
MIxa divine, not miſerable hl ger becauſe it ſhould give the name of a moſt happy Vi-
Rory which+the Gatc1axs ſhquld get there. And fo at the laſt they following his counſell , he
made this Decree, that they ſhould leave the City of ATHENS to the cuſtody of the goddeſs Pal-
las , that was Lady and Governour of the Countrey , and that all thoſe which were of age to carry
any weapon ſhould get them to the galleys ; and for the reſt that every man ſhould ſee his wife , chil-
dren and bondmen placed in'ſome j-- place as well as he could, After this decree was paſt and ayu-
thorized by. the people , the moſt part of them did convey their aged Farchers and Mothers , their
wives and little children, into the Ciry of TROtzEN, where the TROEZENIAans received them
very lovingly and, gently. For-they gave order that they ſhould be entertained of the common
charge , allowing them a peece , two oboloes of their money aday , and ſuffered the young children
ro gather fruirwhereſoeyer they, found it , and furthermore did hire Schoolmaſters at the charge of
the Commonyealth, ro bring them up at School, He that was the penner of. this decree was one
called Nicagoras. The ATHEnlaxs at that time had no common money , but the Senate of the
Areopagites ( 3s Ariſtotle ſaith ) furniſhed every Souldier with eight drachma's, which was the onely
mean chat the galleys were armed, Yet Clidemas writeth, that this wasa craft deviſed of Thems-
ſfocles, The;,ATHExlans being come down 'unto the haven of Pir&4, he made as though
Pallas target ( on the which Meduſaes head was graven) had been loſt , and wasnot found with the
Image of the goddeſs; and feigning to ſeck for it , he ranſacked every corner of the galleys , and
found a great deal of filver which private perſons had hidden amongſt their fardels. This money
was brought out unto the people, and by this means the Souldiers that were ſhipped had where-
withall to provide them of neceſſary things, When time came that they were to depart the haven,
and that all the City of ATH4txs had taken Sea, one way it. was a pity to behold them : ano-
ther way it made all ſorts to wonder , that conſidered the holdneſs and courage of thoſe men,
which before ſent away their Fathers and Mothers from them , and were nothing moved at their
tears, cries, ſhrikes ; and embracings of their wives, their children, and departures , but ſtourly
and reſolutely held on their courſe to Satamixa. Notwithſtanding there were many old Citi-
zens left ſtill of neceſlity in ATHtxs , becauſe they could not be removed for very extreme age ,
which ſtirred many with compaſſion toward them. There was beſides a certain pity that made
mens hearts to yern , when they ſaw the poor dogs, beaſts, and cattel run up and down
bleating , lowing , and howling out aloud after their Mafters, in token of ſorrow, when they
Wooden walls
Gbenifies Ships.
The Athenians
torſake Athens
by Themiſtocles
perſwaſion, &
200 the ſea.
did imbark. Amongſt theſe there goeth a ſtrange tale of Xanrippus dog , who was Pericles Xantippus
Father ; which for ſorrow his Maſter had left him behind him , did caſt himſelf after mto rhe Ds
Sea, and ſwimming Rill by the galleys ſide wherein his maſter was , he held onto the Iſle of Sa-
LAMINA , Whereſo ſoon as the poor curr landed, his breath failed him , and he died OT
K 2 They
_— = THEMISTOCLES.
They ſay, at this go called the dogs grave is the very place where he was buried.
The Dogs Thete were = s of Themiftocles, thar beholding the ATrHz wizws ſorry for the abſence
OraVe. of Ariſt5des, and fearing left of ſpight he taking part with the barbarous Nation , mighr have been
oy the ruine and deftru&ion of the ſtare of Grzz cx , being baniſhed five years alfa before the wars
"—_— Them ffocks procurement ; that he did ſet forth a Decree , that all thoſe which had been baniſh-
th from - - : ie Citi
Ns by for 2 time, return} home again, to do, to fay , and to give counſel ro the Citizens in
Themiſtocles thoſe things which they thought beft for the preſervation of Gtzz cz. And alfo'where Exrybia-
degree. des being General of the Gxzcrans whole by Sea , forthe worthineſs of the City of S7,an-
Ta, but otherwiſea rank coward at- time of need , would in anty caſe depart from thence, and re-
tire into the gulfe of PxLoPowNESUs; ' where all the Army of the PxLoPoxattlans was
by land aſſembled ; That Themiſtocles withſtood him and did hinder it all he eould. Ar thattime
alſo
do. it was that Themiſtocles made fo notable anſwers , which ſpecially are noted and gathered to-
{wers of The- . wan For when Eurybiades faid one day unto him , Themiftocles , thoſe that at plays and games
miftocles, © do riſe before the company, are whiſtted ar : Ir istrue , ſaid Ti ——_— but thoſe alſo thar rar
aft, do never win any game. Another tire Exrybiades having 2 Staff in his hand, lift it up, as thoug
he would have ftricken him ; Strike'and thou wilt, ſaid he , ſothou wilt hear 'me. Enrybiades won-
dring to ſee him fo patient , ſuffered him then to fay what he would. Then 7hemiffocles began to
bring him to reaſon , but one thar ſtood by , faid unto him , Themsſftocles for a mar that harh nei.
cher Ciry nor houfe , it isan it part to will others that have to forſake all. 7hewsſtocles turning co
him , replied , We have willingly forfaken our houſes and walls, ſaid he , cowardly beaſt that thou
art , becauſe we would not” become flaves for fear to loſe things that have neither ſoul nor life;
And yet our City I tell thee is the preateft of all Gxzexzcx ; for itisa Fleer of 200 galleys ready co
fight, which are come hither to fave you if you lift, Butif you will needs gs your ways and for-
fake us the fecond time , you fhralf hear tell ere it be long, that the ATmuz!ans have another
free City , and have poſſeſſed again as much good fand , as thar they have already foft. Theſe words
made Eurybiades preſently think and' fear that the ATHax1ans would nor go, and that they
would forfake them, And as another ' Ererrian was about to utter his reafon againſt Themiſtocles
Opinion , he could not bur anfwer him : Alas, and muſt you my Maſters talk of wars too, that are
The Sleeve is tike to a Sleeve? Indeed you havea Sword bur you lack a heart. Some write; that whileft The.
a fiſh faſhi- 7#focles was ralking thus from his galley , they ſpied an Owl _—_ the right hand of the Ships
oned like a which came to fight on one of the mafts of the galleys : and that hereupon 2 the'orher Grx-
ſword, c1axs did agree ro his opinior;, atid prepared to fight by Sea, But when the fleet of their enemies
Stiips ſhewed on the coafts of ATT1cA , hard by the haven Phalericae , and covered all the Ri-
vers thereabouts, as far as any body could fee, and that King Yer*es himfelf was corne in perfon
with all his army by land , to camp by: the Sea-fide , So that his whofe power both by Land and *ca
__ be ſeen in fight, then the Gxec14ans had forgotten all Them:ftocles goodly perfwaſtons,
began to incline again to the PxL0yONKxzSIANS , confidering how they might recover the
gulf of PxLopONNEsus, and they did grow very angry , when any man went to talk of
any other matrer. To be ſhort, it was concluded rhat they {hould fait away the next night follow-
ing , and the Mafters of the Ships had order given them to make all things ready for them to depart.
Themiftocles p—_ their determination , he was marvellous angry in his mind , that the Grz-
ctans would thus diſperfe themſelves afunder , repairing every man to his own City , and leaving
the advantage which the nature of the place and the ſtraight of the arm of the Sea, where they lay
in harbour togerher , did offer them, and ſo he ht himfelf how this was to beholpen, Sud-
Themiſtocles denly the praRice of one S:cinzs came into his mind , who being a Pxx$1an born, and taken
ſtrara on = ſoner befote in rhe war, loved Themsſtocles very well , and was School-maſter to his Children,
the wick © This Sicinus be ſecretly ſent unto the King of Pxr514 , to advertiſe him that Thamsſtocles ( Ge-
tel at Salg- eral of the ATHz Nlans ) was very deſirous to become his Majefties fervant, and that he did let
ming. him underſtand berimes that the Gxzc1ans were determined to fly ; and therefore that he wiſhed
| him nor to let chem eſcape , but to.fer upon them whileft they were tronbled and afraid , and far
from their Army by land, to the end that upon a ſaddain he might overthrow their whole power
by Sea. Xerxes ſuppoſing this intelligence came from a man that withed him well , received the meſ-
ſehger with great joy , and thereupon gave prefent order to his Captains by Sea , that they ſhould
imbarke their men into the other Ships at better leiſure , and thar preſently they ſhould pur out
with all poſſible ſpeed, two hundred Sail to follow the Gnzcraws in the rail, ro ſhut up
the foreland of the ſtraight , and ro compaſs the Ifles all abour , that not one of his enemies <hips
might eſcape , and ſo it fell our. Then Ariftides ( Lycimacas Son ) being the firſt that perceived
it , went to Themiſtocles tent , _— he was his enemy, and through his onely means had been ba-
niſhed before , as ye have heard , and calling him out, told him how ry were environed :; Themi-
ftocles who knew well enough the goodneſs of this man , being very glad he came at that time to ſeck
him out , declared unto him the policy he had uſed by the meſſage of Szc5nus, praying him to put to
| his help to ſtay the GrzC1ans , and to procure with him , confidering bis word had more au-
ary er thoriry among them , that they would fight within the ſtraight of Sa amina. Ariftides commend-
conſent toze- Ing bis great wiſdom, went to deal with the Captains of the other galleys, and to procure
thertogive them to fight, For all this, they would not credit that he faid , untill ſuch time as there arrived
bacte], a galley of Tzx:DIzna » whereof one Panetius was captain, who being ſtolen out of the hoſt of
the barbarous army , brought certain news that the ſtraight out of doubt was ſhut up, So =
, bel1des
Hh; 5% tO
THEMISTOCLES.
befides the neceſlity which did urge them, the ſpice which the Grtectans conceived thereof
did provoke them to hazard the battel. The next morning by break of day King Xerxes placed
himſelf on a marvellous ſteep high hill , from whence he might diſcern his whole Fleet , and
the ordering of his Army by Sea , about the Temple of Hercules , as Phanodemus writeth , Which
is the narrow way or channell between the Iſle of SaLamina , and the coaſt of Attica ; or as
Aceſtodorus ſaith, upon the confines of the territories of MEG ara , above the point which they
commonly call the Hornes. There Xerxes ſet up a Throne of gold, and had about him many
Secretaries to Write all that was done in the battel, But as Themsſtocles was ſacrificing unto the gods
1 his galley that was Admirall, they: brought to him three young Priſoners, fair of complexion,
richly arayed with gold and Jewels, whom they ſaid were the children of Sandace the Kings Siſter,
and of Prince Autaritus. So ſoon as Enphbrantides the — had ſeen them , and at their ar-
rivall obſerved , there aroſe a great bright flame out of the Sacrifice, and at the very ſelf ſame in-
Rant char one on his right hand had ſneezed , He rook Themiſtocles by the hand , willed him to
facrifice all thoſe three priſoners unto the god Bacchus, ſurnamed Omeſtes, as much to ſay as the
cruell Bacchus : For indoing it, the GRECIANS ſhould not onely be faved , bur they ſhould
have the victory over their enemies. Themiſtucles wondred much , to hear ſo ſtrange and terrible
2 commandment of the Soothſayer. Nevertheleſs the common ſort _ their cuſtom, which is,
ro promiſe ſafety ſooner in the greateſt dangers and moſt deſperate caſes, by ſtrange and unreaſonable,
rather then by reaſonable and ordinary means ; they began to call upon the god with one voice, and
bringing the three priſoners near unto the Altar , they compelled him to pertorm the ſacrifice in that
ſort as the Soothſayer had appointed. Phanias Lesbian an excellent Philoſopher , and well ſeen in
Stories and Antiquities , reporteth this matter thus : As for the number of the Ships of the barba-
rous Navy , e/£ſchilas the Poet in a Tragedy which he intituled the PzRs1a ns , knowing certain-
ly the txoth , ſauh thus ; | Xerxes King |
| King Xerxes had a thouſand Ships I know, of Perſia bad
Amongſt the which two hundred were ( 1 trow ) - _—
ny And jeven, which all the reſt did over-ſail ps.
With ſwifter courſe. This 1s withouten fail.
The ATHENIANS had nine icore,, in every one of the which there were eighteen Souldiers,
whereof four of them were archers, and all the reſt armed men, Themiftocles alſo did with no
leſs $kill and wiſdom chooſe his time and place to fight, forbearing to charge his enemies uncill the
hour was come, that of ordinary cuſtom the Sea-wind aroſe, and brought in a rough Tide
within the Channel, which did not; burt the GxEtc1an galleys, being made low and ſnug, bur
greatly offended the Pr $1AN galleys , being high cargued, heavy , and not yare of ſteredge , and
made them lie ſidelong to che Gxtctans , who fiercely ſer upon them , having alwaies an eye to
Themiſtocles direRion that beſt foreſaw their advantage. At the ſame time Artamenes, Xerxes Ad- Artemenes
| mirall, a man of great valour and worthieft of the Kings brethren , beſtowed arrows and darts as Xerxes Ad-
k of ic were from the walls of a Caſtle,charging the galley of Aminas Decelian and Soficles Pedian, which Viral.
were joyned and grapled with him, and fiercely entring the ſame , was by them yaliantly received
upon their Pikes, and thruſt over board into the Sea,, Whole body floring _ other ſhipwracks,
Artemiſia knowing, cauſed to be carried to King Xerxes. Now whileſt this battel ſtood in theſe terms,
they ſay that there appeared a great flame in.the Element roward the City of ELzus1x , and that
a loud voice was heard throug the plain of THrac1a unto the Sea, as if there had been a
number of men together that had ſung out aloud the holy 5org of Facchus, And it ſeemed by little
and little , that there aroſe a cloud in the air from thole which {ang , char left the land , and came and
lighted on the galleys in the Sea. Others affirmed , that they ſaw armed men , which did reach our
tdren, their hands from the Iſle of &61Na , towardsthe Grxzc1ax Galleys : andth pughe they were
( the Eacipss , for whoſe help they all prayed betore the battel was begun. The firſt man of the
lid let ATHsNIaNs that took any of the enemies Ships, was Lycomedes, a Captain of a galley; who
wiſhed hs raken very rich furniture and flags, did afterwards confecrate them to Apollo laurel ; as ye
nd far would ſay , victorious, The other Gzzc1aN 5 in the front being equall in number with the barba-
power rous Ships, by reaſon of the ſtraightneſs of che arm of the Sea wherein they fought , aud ſo ſtraight-
e _-__ ned as they could not — by one and one , whereby the Barbarians diſorderly laid one another The Grecidn
ſhoul aboord , that they did hinder themſelves with their over multitude ; and in the end were ſore preſſed ,jqury of the
ws upon by the Grzc1aN's , that they were conſtrained to fly by night, after they had fought and Perfizns Navy
maintained battel untill it was very dark. So that the GRz©14a Ns wan that glorious and famous yicto- Þy Sea.
s wr ry, of the-which may truly be affirmed that , as Simonides ſaith,
ercelv Was never yet nor Greek, nor barbarous crew,
been ba That could by Sea ſo many men ſubdue,
_ Nor that #btain'd ſo famous vittory ,
e to ſee F 2 any fight againſt their enemy.. | |
;0 put £0 Thus was the victory won through the valiantneſs and courage of thoſe that fought that bat-
nore 4U- tle , but eſpecially through T; 0 gr great policy and wiſdom. After this battle Xerxers be-
;mmend- mad for his loſs, thought to fill up the arm of the Sea, and to paſs bis Army by land , upon
pR_— 2 Bridge , iti the Iſle of SaLamiNa, Themiſtocles becauſe he would feel Ari/t;des opinion , rold
» arriv ? bim as they were talking together , char he houghs beſt ro go and occupy the ſtraight of Hs :-
e hoſt 0 Iz $PONT with the army by Sea, to break the
ridge of Ships which Xerxes had cauſed to be
K 3 made :
.
wy
%
THEMISTOCLES.
made ; to the end , ſaid he, that we may take As14 into EurO es. eAriftides liked not this opinion
for we bave (aid he) fought all this while againſt this barbarous King , who thought bur to pla
with us : but if we ſhut him withinGrztce, and bring him to fight of neceſſity to {ave his life : tuc
an enemy that commanded fo great an Army , will no more ftand ftill , asa looker on, and fir ar
his cafe under his golden pavillion, to ſee the paſtime of the batrell, but will prove every way , and
be himſelf in every place at all aſſaies to ſave himſelf from ſuch a ftraight and danger. Thus with
politick care and foreſight , he may eaſily amend his former fault commuted by negligence, and do
well enough, when he ſhall ſee his life and Kingdom borh depend upon it. Therefore Them:ſtocles ,
Ariſtides I would think beſt not to break down his Bridge at all, which he hath cauſed to be made; bur
S—nrrg rather if we could, to build another to it , rodrive him out of Euxo> = as ſoon as we could. The.
for the breat- iſtocles then replied : Seeing you think this were beft to be done , we muſt all lay onr heads toge-
ing of Xerxes ther , to deviſe how he may be forced to come our as ſoon as we could. They breaking off with this
Bridge. reſolution , Thems#tocles fent immediately one of the Kings Eunuches, called 4rſaces that was one of
++-/- ogy the Grooms of his Chamber , whom he found out amongſt the Prifoners , and by him he ſent this
Me MeffageuntotheKing : That the Grzc1A ws having won the bartell of him by ſea , had decreed
in their Counſel, how they would go to the ſtraight of HzrLzseONT, to break the Bridge of
the Ships he had cauſed to be made there, Whereot he thought good to advertiſe him for the good
will he did bear bim , and to the end he might bethink him berimes, to ger him away to the ſea with-
m his own Dominion, and ſo paſs back again into As1A as ſoon as he covld , whileſt he gave or-
der to his allies and confederates, ro ſtay tollowing him at the poop. The barbarous King under-
ſtanding this news, was ſo afraid that he hoiſed away with all poffible ſpeed. The further torefight
and great wiſdom of Themsſtocles and eAriſtides , in marine cauſes, did manifeſtly appear after-
ns > the battel the Gxtc1a ns fought before rhe City of PLaTz a , againft Afardonixs King
Xerxes Lieutenant : who having but a ſmall power of the King his Soveraigns there , did yet put the
GRECIANS to greatdiſtreſs , and in hazard to have loft all. Of all the Towns and Cities that
fought in this battel , Herodotns writeth, rhat the City of £51N A wan the fame for valiantneſs
above the reſt : and of private men, among the GREC1a Ns, Themsftocles was judged the worthieſt
man although it was ſore againſt their wills , becauſe they envied much his glory. For after the
battel done, all the Captains being gotten into the ſtraight of PExLoOyONNESUs , and having
ſworn upon the Altar of their ſacrifices, that they would give their voices after their conſciences, to
thoſe they thought had beſt deſerved it : every one gave himſelf rhe firſt place for worthineſs , and
the ſecond unto Themsftocles, The LactDanonJans carried him into SpArT A , where they
judged rhe honour and dignity of valianneſs to their Admirall Exrybiades : but rhe wiſdom and
Themiſtocles _y they attributed unto Themiftocles. In token thereof they gave him an Olive branch, and the
goodli
honoured a- eft Coach that was in their City : and moreover they ſent three hundred of rheir lufty youths
bove ailthe to accompany him , and conduG him our of their Countrey. And they ſay , that arthe next Feaſts
ecu and aſſemblies of the plays Olympicall which were made after this vitory , when Themiſtocles was
once come into the mg where theſe Games were played, the people looked no more on them
that fought , but all caſt their eyes on him , ſhewing him to the which knew him not, with
their fingers, and by clapping of their hands did witneſs how much they efteemed him. Whereat he
himſelf took fo great delight, rhat he confeſſed ro his familiar friends , he rhen did reap the fruit
Themiſtocles and benefit of his fundry and painfull ſervices he had taken in hand, forthe preſervation of Gzzzcs :
ambition noted f© ambitious was he of nature , and coverous of honour , as we may eafily rR—_ by certain of his
deeds and notable ſayings they have noted of him; For being choſen rall of ATHzNs , he
never diſpatched any cauſes private or publick , howſoever they fell out , untill the very day of his
departure and taking fhip : and all becauſe rhar men feeing him difpatrch much bufineſs at once, and
to Tpeak with fo many perſons together , they ſhould eſteem him to be the notabler man , and of the
greater authoriry. Another time he walked upon'the ſands by the ſea fide , beholding the dead bodies
of the barbarous people , which the ſea had caſt up upon the ſhore : and ſeeing ſome of them that had
on ſtill their chains of gold and bracelets , he paſſed by on his way , but ſhewed them yet to a familiar
friend of his that followed him., and ſaid unto him : Take thou choſe, for thou art not Themsftocles.
And untoone Aatiphates, who in his youth had been a goodly young boy , and at rhat time did ſcorn-
fully behave himſelf unto him , __ reckoning of him : and now that he ſaw him in great
authoriry came to ſee him , he ſaid : my"young ſon and friend ; we are both even ar one time
en, grown wiſe. He faid the » Capi boeinabehrg gr mower nor honour him in
ime of peace : but when any ſtorms of wars were towards, a in danger,
ran to him then, many ſhadow of a Plane tree, upon iden ts 1 . wi
when fair weather cometh again, they cut away the branches and boughs thereof. There was 2
man born in the Iſle of Szx1yH a , who being fallen out with him , did caft him in the teeth, that
is Was not for his worthineſs , but for the noble City wherein he was born, that he had won ſuch
glory : Thou ſayeſt true ſaid he ; but neither ſhould I have'won any great honour, if I had been
a SERIPHIAN , northoualſo if thouhadſt been an ATHENtaNn. Another time one of the Cap-
_ taihs of the City, having done good ſervice unto the Commonweal, made boaſt -before Themsftocles,
G pretty Tale and compared his ſervice equall with his. 7hemiſtocles to anſwer him, told him a pretty tale, That
of Themiſtocles the Working-day brauled on atime with the Holy-day,, repining againſt her, that he laboured forhis
living continually , and how ſhe did nothing bur fill her belly , and ſpend that they had gotten. Thou
haft reaſon ſaid che Holy-day : but if Thad not been before thee, thou hadft not been here go
——
THEMISTOCLES. _
Andſo, if Thad not been rhen ; — now ? His own Son was a luile
too ſawcy with his Mother , and with him allo , bearing himſelf over-boldly of her goqd will , by
means of her cockering of him. Whercupon being merrily diſpoſed , he would fay that his Son Themifoctes
could do more then any man in all Gxz :cs. For, faith he, the ATHENT1Aa Ns command the Gz- oying of his
CIANS, Icommand the ATHENTAaNs, my Wife commandeth me, and my Son commandeth ***
her. Moreover becauſe he would be ſingular by himſelf above all other men : having a piece of
Land he would ſell, he willed the Cryer to proclaim open ſale of it in the market-place, and withall
he ſhould add unto the fale, that his Land lay by a good neighbour. Another time , two men being
ſuiters to his Daughter , he preferred the honeſter before the richer , ſaying : he had rather have to
his Son in law a man that lacked: goods , then goods to lack a man, Theſe were Themiſtocles plea-
ſant conceits and anſwers. But after he had done all theſe things we have ſpoken of before, hetook
in hand to build again the City and walls of ATHENS , and did corrupt the Officers of La c tD.x- Theniſtectes
MONI1A With money, to the end they ſhould not hinder his purpoſe, as Theopompns writeth : Or as buile again the
all other ſay , when be had deceived them by this ſubtilty , he went unto Sy ar a, as Ambaſſadour, walls of the
ſent thicher of purpoſe upon the complaints of the LaczDamontans, for that the Ariz x1. ©? & 4thens
ANs did incloſe their City again with walls , who were accuſed unto the Counſel of Se arr a , by
an Orator called Pol:archus, who was ſent thither from &G1NETE s , of purpoſeto proſecute this
matter againſt the ATHENIANS. Themſtocles ſtoutly denied it to them , and prayed them for ber-
ter underſtanding of the troth , they would ſend ſome of their men thither to ſee it, This was a ferch
onely to win by thisdelay, the ATHENn1AaNs ſo much more time to raiſe up their walls, and thar
the ATHENIANS ſhould keep as Hoſtages for ſurety of his perſon , thoſe they ſhould ſend ro A- , Cabeill ferch
THENS to bring back the report thereof ; and fo it fel] our. For the LaczDamONians being of Themiſfoctes
informed of the troth as it was , did him no hurt, but difſembling the miſliking they had to be thus The haven of
abuſed by him , ſent him away ſafe and ſound. Afterwards he made them alſo mend and fortifie the Fir-4 fortified.
haven of P1K a, having conſidered the fituation of the place , and allto encline the Ciry to the ſea.
Wherein he did dire&tly contrary to all the counſel of the ancient Kings of Attitx's : who ſeeking
( as they ſay ) to withdraw their people from the ſea, and to accuſtom them to live upon the land,
by planting, ſowing, and plowing their grounds , did deviſe and give out abroad , the Fable they tell
of the goddeſs Pallas : And that is this ; How ſhe contending with Neptune about the patronage
of the Countrey of ATHExNs , brought forth and ſhewed to the Judges the Olive-tree , by means
whereof ſhe prevailed and obtained the preheminence. Even ſo Themsſtocles did not joyn the haven
of PiR&A unto the City of ATazns , asthe Comicall Poet Ar:ftophanes faith : but rather jo
the City unto the haven PiR&A , and the land unto the ſea, By this means he made the people
ſtrong againſt the Nobility , and brought the commonalty to wax bolder then they were before,
by reaſon the rule and authority fell into the hands of Saylers , Mariners , Pilots, Ship- maſters, and
ſuch kind of ſeafaring men: ſo as the Pulpit where all che Orations were made,ftood in the market-place
of Pxix, and did look towards the ſea. But the thirty Tyrants that came in afterwards, did remove
it, and turn it towards the land : holding opinion, to be ſtrong by ſea, was it that did maintain the
authority of the popular ſtate : and that contrariwiſe they which live by the labour and toil of the
earth, do more willingly like the government of Nobility. Themzſtocles called ro mind another
matter alſo of greater importance, to make the City of ATHEN $ of greater power by ſea, For af-
ter theretire of Xerxes , and that all the Fleet and Navy of the Grecian s wintred in the haven of
PEGASES : hefaid one day-inan open aſſembly of the people, that he had thought of a thing which
would be very, profitable ane beneficial for them, but it was not to be told openly. The people wil-
led him then ro, impart it to Arsftides ,, and if he thought it good, they would execute it ſpeedily.
Themiſtocles they told Ariftides : the thing he had conſidered of was to burn the Arcenall where the
GRECIAN Ss Navy lay, andto ſet on fire all their Ships. Ar5ftsdes bearing his purpoſe , returned
to the people, and told them , how nothing could be more profitable, but withall more unjuſt, then
that which 7 hemsſtocles had deviſed. The ATHz®n14 Ns then willed Ariſtides it ſhould beer alone The equity of
altogether, Furthermore when the LaczpanmOnia ns bad exhibited their Petition to the Coun- the Athenians.
ſel of the Amphittions ( thatis, the generall Counſel of all che ſtates of Grrzce, aſſembled) how
the Towns and Cities of Grxzzcz which had not been parties with the GREcIANS inthe League
yu the barbarous people, ſhould be put off wholly from this Counſel, Themsſtocles doubting that
i the AxGzves, the This SAL1ans and the THEBANS alſo ſhould by this means be ex-
empted , that the LaczDpamONians would be then the greater number in voices, and by this
means might do what they would in this Counſel : he ſpake ſo conſiderately for the Cities which they
would have thus diſcharged , that he made the Petitioners in the aſſembly utterly to change their opi-
non, Declaring , how there were but one and thirty Cities compriſed onely in the League, and yer
that ſome, of: them were very weak and ſmall : and how it were no reaſon , that rejeQting all the reſt
of GrztcR, thegreateſt authority of this Counſel ſhould fall into the hands of two or three of the
_chicfeſt Cities alone, For this cauſe chiefly the LaczDawOnians did ever bear him extreme
hatred, and did ftir up Cimaz all m__ d, to be always adverſary oppoſite unto him, and as
x were tobeard him im all maners of , andthe government of ATHENS. They procured him
beſadesthe ill will and diſpleaſure of all the friends and confederates of the ATHEN1A Ns, for that
he-went fayling till ro,and fro along the Iſles , exating Money of the inhabitants of the ſame. And
[this is ro be known by the matter propounded by him to the ANDRA ns ( of whom he would have
had Money ) and by the anſwer they made him, as Herodorus writeth. Which was, _ he _
rought
C—
104. THEMISTOCLES.
Themiſtocles brought themtwo mighty gods : Love and Force, And they anſwered him again , that alſo
Ba Love had two great goes es, which kept them from giving of him any money : Poverry and Im vs one
The eres il And to make-this good alſo , 75mocreon the Rhodian Poet galled him to the quick, when * ſharply
defſes, © taunted him , for calling many home again for money that were baniſhed : and: how for the cove-
overty, and touſneſs of Money he had —_ and forſaken his hoſt and Friend; The verſes wherein this mar-
impoſſibility. ter is mentioned , are to this
Who liſt commend worthy Pauſanias,
Zanthippus or good Leotychides,
Tet ſhall ] ſeem but light thereof to paſs,
Compar'd with valiant Ariſtides.
For yet was nay the like in Athens town,
Nor never ſhall come none of like renown,
Themiſtocles by right and due deſert,
1s bated of Latona, for bis lies ,
And for he bare atraiterous wicked heart ,
Who likg a wretch, and niggard did deviſe,
For ſmall reward his boſt Twmocreon,
To hold out of his Countrey Faliſon.
He took, for bribe ( unjuſtly yet therewhile )
Of ready coin three talents fair and bright,
Revoking ſuch as pleas'd him, from exile,
And baniſhing full many a worthy wighr.
Or putting them to death, without cauſe told,
He gate thereby great beaps of coyn and Gold.
But in the end ( 0 right reward for ſuch )
This bribing wretch, was forced for to hold
A tipling booth , moſt likg a clown or ſnuch,
At holy feaſts and paſtimes manifold,
Which were among ſt the people in thoſe days,
Iſtmician folks , did Sfoehs like always.
Anxd there he _ bis gueſts with cold meat ſtill,
whilſt they that taſted of his cookery,
Gan wiſh that they ( to eaſe their weary will )
Had never lived, to ſee the treachery © *
Of falſe Themiſtocles , and that he might
| No longer live, which wrought them Fich diſpight.
_ After this, he did more openly blaſe him to the world, when he was baniſhed and condemned,
in a ſong that had beginning thus : |
O Muſe, let theſe my verſes be diſper ſt
Throughout all Greece, ſince ws deſerve no leſs :
And ſince the truth which is in them rehearſt,
Deſerveth fame, whom no man ſhould ſuppreſs.
They ſay the cauſe why this T5mocreon was baniſhed , was, the friendſhip which he had with the Bar-
barous people, and for giving them intelligence. Whereof Themiſtoctes was one that judicially con-
demned him. Wherefore when Them/tocles himſelf was accuſed afterwards of the fame fault, 75me-
creon then made theſe verſes following againſt him : | oh eons "x
Timocreon was not without bis pheere, |
Which did confer with | Medes provily,
Since others mo , the ſelf ſame blame might bear,
Ho foxes lurke in dens., as well a1. '}
Beſides theſe verſes ; Themsſtocles own Citizens for ill will they bare-him , began now with in
contentment and. applauſe , to hearken to thoſe that gave out evil ſpeeches and flanders of him,
Therefore while he ſought ways to redreſs all this ; he was driven.to uſe ſuch means , which more
increaſed their hatred rowards him. For in his orations to the people, he did oft remember them
of the good ſervices he had done them : and perceiving how they were offended withall, be was driven
toſay : ws are ye weary ſo often to receive good by one man ? Many of them were very angry
0,
with'him alſo, when he ſurnamed Dans ( in the dedication of hex Temple he made unto her )
Ariſtobule ,'as much to ſay , as the good counſeller : meaning thereby , how he had given grave
and wiſe' counſel, both unto his City , and to all the reft of the Gxzc1ans. He buile this Tem-
ple alſo near his houſe , ina place Melita,, where the hang-men did caft thetlead bodies of
thoſe that were executed, and throw. the Rags and halters ends of thoſe that” werg, hanged , or
otherwiſe put to death by Law. There was "Ifo'in our days in the, Temple of Diana Ariſtobule,
alittle Image of Themiſtocles, which ſhewed plainly, that he wasnot onely wiſe, and of 4 noble mind,
but alſo of a great majeſty and countenance in rhe face. In/the end the ATHzxtans gr
S STR ARTEnRT no
-
Ba>f
'THEMISTOCLES.
—
109
him ATHEw's | for five years, becauſe they would pluck down his over great courage and
authority, as they did uſe to ſerve thoſe ,.whoſe greatneſs they thought co be more, then common
equality that ought to be among Citizens would bear. For this manner of baniſhment for a time,
called Oftraciſmen, was no puniſhment for any fault committed , but a mitigation and taking away
of the envy of the people , which, delighted to pluck down their ftomacks that too much ſeemed
to exceed in greatneſs : and by this means they took away the poyſon of his matice , with diminiſh-
ing his glory and honour. So: Themnviſtocles being baniſhed from ATHENS, went to dwell in AzG0s.
In this mean ſeaſon.,, P auſenias treachery fell out , which gave his eniemics occafion to lie heavy o6n
his back. But he which became his zccuſer , and was partner of the treaſon, was one called Leobores,
( Alcmeons Son ) born in a oy called AGRauLa, Belides this, the SpaxTANS alſo did
ſit on his sKirts , and charged him ſorely. For Pawſansas never before revealed to Themiſtocles the
treaſon he had purpoſed, although he was his very familiar friend. But after he ſaw Themiftocles was
baniſhed , and did take his exile very unpatiently. : then Pauſaxias was bold to open his treaſon unto
him, to procure him totake his part, and ſhewed him the Letters the King of Pex $14 had written
to him , and all to ſtir him op againſt the GREC1AN s, as againſt ungratefull and unnatural] peo-
ple. Howbeit Themsſtocies ſhook him off, and told him plainly he would be no partner of his
treaſon. Notwithſtanding, he never revealed it to any living creature, nor diſcovered the praiſe he
intended : hoping either he would have given it over, or that ſhortly it would appear by ſome
other mean , conſidering he ſo fondly alpired to things of danger , and without purpoſe or poſſi-
biliry. After Pauſanias was condemned , and bad ſuffered pains of death for the ſame : we found
amongſt his papers, certain writings and Letters, which made Themsſtocles to be very ſore ſuſpe&t-
ed, Whereupon the La c£DEMONIANS 0N the one fide cryed out of him, and his enemies and
ill willers at ATHENs accuſed him on the other fide, To the which he made anſwer by Letters
from the beginning , and wrote unto the people ; that it was nor likely that he ( who ſought all the
ways to rule , and was not born to ſerve, neither had -any mind thereto )- would ever have thought
Themiſtoclgs
baniſhed f,x
hve years,
P auſani.s
revealeth his
treaſon unts
Themiſtocles.
Cr
in his head , to fell his own liberty, and the GRECIAns alſo unto the Barbarous people their Themiftecles
enemies, Notwithſtanding this purgation of his , the people by the procurement of his enemies, ſent (uſpe&cd of
to apprehend him, and to bring him before the States of all Gxzzcx, tobe judged by that counſel, treaſon.
Whereof T bemsſtocles having intelligence intime , he did convey himſelf into the iſle of Cor eau ,
becauſe the City there was greatly bebolding to him , for a certain pleaſure he had done them in
times paſt. For the being at ſuit and ftrife with the COoRINTH1a Ns he took up the matter be-
tween them, and gave judgement on their ſide, and condemned the CoxrtnTHIans to pay
them twenty Talents damages : and did ſet down an Order , that they ſhould occupy the Ifle of
Leuc aDt incommon together , as ground that had been inhabited with the people, aſwell of the
one City , as of the other. From thence he fled ro Epirxs ,. whither being followed by the
ATHENIANS and the LaCEDAMONIANS , he was compelled to venter- himſelf upon-a doubtfull
and very dangerous hope, For he went to yeeld himſelf into the hands of Adweras, King of the
Mo10s$SIANS. Who having heretofore made certain requeſts unto the ArHentans , and
being ſhamefully denied them by means of Themſtocles ( who then was at his chiefeſt height and
authority ) the King was marvellouſly offended. wich him : and it was a cleer caſe indeed , that if
he could then have laid hands on him , he would have been revenged of him throughly. Howbeit
feeling the preſent miſery of his exile , be thought he might leſs fear the Kings old quarrell and dif.
pleaſure , then the freſh hate and envy of his Countrey men. Whereupon he went unto King
Admetwus , truſting to his mercy , and became an humble ſuter to him in a ſtrange extraordinary ſort.
For he took the Kings little young Son in his Arms, and went and kneeled down before the
Altar in his Chappel : which humble manner of ſuing the MO10s 5s14aNns take to be moſt effect.
uall, and ſuch as they dare not deny nor refuſe. Some tay that Queen Phthia her ſelf, the Kings Wife
Themiſtocles
Hed into the
Iſle Corphu.
did inform him of this their Countrey cuſtom and manner , and brought her little. Son alſo near the The mannes
Altar. Other write alſo, that it was Admetms himſelf that taught and ſhewed bim this enforcing
manner of Petition, onely for a cloke tv excuſe himfelf ro thoſe that ſhould come to demand The- Mouſe the
miſtocles of him : that by duty of Religion he was ſo ſtraightly bound and reſtrained, that he might Moloſuane.
not deliver him out of bis Prote&tion, In this mean time Epiorates Acharnian found the means
ſecretly to convey Themsſtocles Wife and Children out of Athens, and did fend them privily
unto him : whereupon he was afterwards accuſed and put to death, upon C:mons accuſation and
motion, as Steſimbrotus writeth, Who not remembring thoſe marters I know not how , or mak-
ing as though Themiſtecles had not remembred himſelf to ſay, that Themſtocles failed into
SICILE, wherehe { to Marry Hierons Daughter , the Tyrant of SYRAcus 4 : promiſing
him if he would let him her, he would aſſure him to conquer all Gxzzc Ez for bim and to bring
them under his obedience. But Heron refuſing this offer, Themsſtocles went from thence into A's 14a:
but that isnor likely, For Theophreftus wruccth in his book intituled of Kingdoms, that Hierox
having ſent certain running Horſes, to the feaft of the games Olympical , and having fer up a mar-
vellous rich and furaptuous Tent there : Themsftocles made an Oration to the Gn c1 A x s,declaring
unto them how they ſhould tear the Tyrants Tent in peeces, and not to ſuffer his Horſes to run with
other ſwitt and hight Horſes , and to carry away the prile in thoſe holy games. Thucydides again
declareth how he went unto the other ſea, and imbarked in the Ciry of PypDxs , being not known
of never a man in the ſhip, yacill ſuch time as the wind began to carry chem into the Ifle of Na x-
0s , which the Arnznians by chance did beliege at that time, where being afraid to be ſer by
Land,
—_
of ſupplication
THEMISTOCLES.
* Threeſcore
thouſand
Crowns.
* Ejohteen
hundred
Crowns,
»
Themiſtocles
dream.
The Perſians
jealous of their
Wiyes,
How Themi-
ſtocles was
conveyed to
che King of
Perſsa's court.
The Perſians
honour their
King as the
Image of the
god of nature.
Land , he was forced to bewray himſelf ro the Maſter of the ſhip , and the» Maſters pate, and
wrought them , what with fair words and whar with threats ( by ſaying he would accuſe them ro
the ATHENIANS, that they:did not ignorantly- receive him'1in , bur hired for money ) ſo as ;he
compelled them to {ail no further, and to carry him into As 14. ' As for his goods, his friends ſaved
the moſt part of them , and'ſent them into As 1a to him, Bur' for thoſe that came-to light , and
were confiſcate untothe State , Theopompas writerh ,. they did- amount to the' value-of 'one hundred
* Talents ; and Theophraſtas ſaith , but ro fourſcore Talents onely: :- whereas all his goods was not
worth three * Talents , when-he began to govern the State of the Commonweal:-' When he came
unto the City of Cuna , heperceived that all the coaſts-by the-ſea'were layed for him/to apprehend
him , and that he had many ſpials upon him :' among the which , theſe were two ſpeciall noted men ,
Ergoteles , and one Pythodorus , the reward being very great', for men that ſoughr'their gain any
way they could. For the King of Panvic:hadiprockimed by ſound of Trumpet, two hund-
. red Talents-to him that broughc+ him Themftoctes. Wherenpon he fled unto- a little rown of
A011 , called: &Gxs , whereno living body knew him , but his hoſt onely., called :cogenes -
who was the: richeſt man of all the AoLian's, and knew all the /Noble men of authority that
were about the'King of Pzks1a. Themiſtocles continued hidden certain days in- his bool, 2in
which time;, -6n a-night after the feaſt of a ſacrifice, one 0lbixs, ſchoolmaſter to Nicogeres Children,
by _ ſecret working of the gods , ſuddenly fell - beſides himſelf, and began with
.out a :
g theſe verſes
Do thou beleeve what ſothe might thee tells,
And give thy voice thy counſel and conceits |
Unto the night , in darksomeneſs that dwells,
Thereon alſo thy vittory awaits,
- The nextnight following , Themſtocles _ x alleep in his bed, dreamed that a Snake wound
ir ſelf | round abour his Belly , and glided upwards to his neck, untill it touched his face, and ſuddenly
then ir became an Eagle , and imbraced him with his wings : and'fo at length did lift him upin the
ar , and carried him a marvellous way off, untill he thought he ſaw a golden.rod ( ſuch as
Heralds uſe xo catry in their hand ) whereupon -the Eagle did fer him, and ſo was delivered of all
this fear and trouble he thought himſelf in. Thetroth was , Nicogenes had this device in his head,
how he might-bring him, ſafe ro the King of Pzrs1Aa's court. The Barbarous Nations for the
moſt part-(-and ſpecially the Pxrs1aws )) are of a very ſtrange nature, and marvellous jealous
over their Women, and that not onely of their Wives, but alſo of their bondwomen , and concu-
bines: : which-they keep ſo \ſtraightly locked up , that no man ever ſeeth them abroad 'atany time,
but are alwaies like Houſe-doves. - And when they have any occaſion to go into the Countrey,
they are carried in cloſe coaches: covered all about , that no man can look into them. Themiſtocles
was conveyed into one of theſe coaches dreft after this manner , and had warned his men to anſwer
thoſe they met by the way, -that asked whom they carried : that it was a young 'GrEcIa n gentle-
woman of the- Countrey of Ion1a, which they carried to the Court for a Noble man there.
Thucydides, and Charon Lampſacenian ſay , he went'thither after the death of Xerxes, and ſpake
with his ſon there. - But Ephoras, Dino, Clitarchus, Heraclides, and many other write, that he ſpake
with himſelf, Yet notwithſtanding it-appeareth that Thucydides words do beſt agree with the
nicles and- Tables , recording the ſucceſſion- of times , although they be of no great certainty.
Themſtocles being come now to the ſwords point ( as it were ) and to the extremity of his danger,
did firſt preſent him unto one Arrabanus, Colonell of a thouſand footmen , and ſaid unto him : Sir,
Eam a GREC1AN born, and deſire to ſpeak with the King : 1 have matters of importance to
open to his Majeſty , and ſuch as I know he will thankfully receive. Artabanus anſwered him in
this manner : My friend fir ſtranger ,- the Laws and cuſtoms of men are diverſe , and ſome take one
thing for honeſt , other ſome another thing : but it is moſt honeſty for all men, to keep and
obſerve the Laws and manners of their own Countrey, For you Grzc1awns have the
name to love Liberty, and equality above all things : and for us, amongſt all the. goodly Laws and
cuſtoms we have', we eſteem this above the reſt : ro reverence and honour our King , as the Image
of the God of nature , who keepeth all things in their perfect life and ſtate. Wherefore, if thou
wilt faſhion thy ſelf after our manner to honour the King , thou mayeſt both ſee him, and ſpeak
with him : but if thou have another mind with thee, then muſt thou of neceſlicy -uſe ſome third
perſon for thy mean. For this is the manner of our Countrey : the King never giveth audience
to: any man, that hath not firſt honoured him. Themiſtocles hearing what he ſaid , anſwered him
again : My Lord Artabanws , the great good will I bear unto the King , and the defire I have to
advance his Glory and Power, is the onely cauſe of my preſent repair unto his Court : therefore
L mean not onely to obey your Laws ( fince it hath ſo pleaſed the gods to raiſe up the Noble Empire
of PERS1A- unto; this greatneſs) but will cauſe many other people alſo ro honour the King,
more then there do. at this preſent. , Therefore ler there be no ſtay , but that my ſelf in perſon
may deliver to the King that I have to ſay unto him. Well , ſaid Arrabanus, Whom then ſhall
we ſay thou art? For by thy ſpeech it ſecmeth , thou art a man of no mean ftate-and condition.
Themiſtocles anſwered him : As for that eArtebanys , none ſhall know before the King himlelt.
Thus doth Phanias report it. But Eratoſthenes, in his Book he wrote of riches , addeth further :
how Themiſtocles had acceſs unto this Artabanms , being recommended to the King by a wee
0
A Xt MD _ L a>.
THEMISTOCLES.
of ER&TRIA , Whom the King kept. Themiſtocles being brought to his preſence, after he had
preſented his humble duty and reverence to him , ſtood on his feet , and ſaid never a word , untill
the King commanded the interpreter to ask him what he was? and he anſwered : May it pleaſe
your Majeſty, © Noble King , Iam Themsſtocles the ATHENIAN, a baniſhed man out of my
Countrey by the GrEciaNns, who humbly repaireth to your Highneſs , knowing 1 have
done great hurt tv the PERSIA Ns , bur I perſwade my ſelf 1 have done them far more good then
harm. For I it was that kept the GREc1aNs back they did not follow you, when the Rate
of GREECE was delivered from thraldom, and iny native Countrey from danger , and that 1
knew I ſtood in good ſtate to pleaſure you. Now tor me, 1 find all mens good wills agreeable 7%<1niſtocles
ro my preſent mjlery and calamity : for I come determined , moſt humbly ro thank your Highneſs —_— the
for any grace and favour you ſhall ſhew me , andalſo to crave humble pardon if your Majeſty be yet ® of Perſiz,
oftended with me. And therefore licence me ( moſt noble King ) to beſeech you, that raking mine
enemies the GREC1ANs for witneſs of the pleaſures ] have done the PerS1 an nation, you will
of your princely grace uſe my hard fartune as a good occaſion ro ſhew your honourable vertue,
rathe+then to ſarisfie the paſſion of your heat and choler, For in ſaving my life, your Majeſty ſaveth
an hymble ſuicer char put himſelf ro your mercy : and\in putting me to death , you ſhall rid away an
enemy of the GREC1A NS. Having ſpoken thus theſe words , he faid further : Thar the gods by
diverie gns and tokens had procured him ro come to ſubmit himſelf unto him, and cold the King
what viſion he had ſeen in his dream in Vicogenes houſe : and declared alſo the Oracle of Jupiter
Dodonian , who had commanded him that he thould go unto him that was called as a god, and how
he chought it was the perſon of his Majeſty , becauſe that god and he in troth were called both great
Kings, The King having thus beard him ſpeak , gave him then no preſent anſwer again, notwith-
ſtanding he maxvelloully wondred at his great wiſdom and boldneſs. Bur —— amongſt his
familiar the King ſaid , he thought himſelt very bappy to meet with the good fortune of Them-
i/tocles coming to bim : and ſo beſought his great god Arimanixs, that he would always fend his
enemies ſuch minds , as to baniſh the greateſt and wiſeſt men amongſt them, Ir is reported alſo he
did ſacrifice unto the gods, ro give them thanks theretore , and diſpoſed himſelf preſently to be
merry, Inſomych as dreaming in the night , in the midſt of his dream he cryed our three times
rogether for joy ; I have Themsſtocles the ATHENIAN, The next morning the King having ſent
for the chiefeſt Lords of his Court , he made Themsftocles allo to be brought before him ; who look-
ed for no goodneſs at all , ſpecially when he ſaw the ſouldiers warding at the Court gates, give him
jll countenance and language both, when they beheld him, and underſtogg his name. Moreover, Rox-
anes , one of the captains, as Themiffocles palled by him going to the King , ( who was ſer in
his chair of ce, and every- man keeping lilence) ſoftly tighing, faid unto him : O thou Greekiſh ſer-
pent , ſubrleand malicious, the Kings good forrune hath broughc thee hicher. Nevertheleſs when he
came tv the King , and had once again made him a very humble and low reverence : the King faluted
him, and ſpake very courteoully to him, ſaying : 1 am now your debter of two hundred Talents,
for preſenting your ſelf. 1t is good reaſon I ſhould deliver you the money promiſed him that ſhould
have Wong Poa. but I give you a further warrant , be bold I charge you, and ſpeak your mind
freely , ſay you think of the ſtate of GREECE. Themiſtocles then anſwered him : That mens An exce!lene
words did properly reſemble the ſtories and imagery in a piece of arras : for both in the one and in the <omparilon of
other , the goodly Images of either of them are ſeen , when they are unfolded and laid open, Con- Themiſtocles.
trariwiſe they appear not , but are loſt , when they are ſhut up , and cloſe folded : whereupon he
ſaid to the King : he muſt needs require ſorge further time of anſwer. The King liked bis compari-
{on paſling well , and willed him to appoint his own time. Themiſtocles asked a =_ in which
tne baving preuly learned the Perſian rongue, he afterwards ſpake to the King himlelf without any
interpreter, So , {uch as were no Courtiers, thought he onely talked with the King of matters of
GRESCE, But becauſe the change and alteration of che court fell out great at that cume, the noble
men imagined he had been ſo bold.ro commune with the King of them alſo. Thereupon they greatly
eavied hum, and afterwards murmured much againſt him , For indeed the King did honour T hemiſto- Themi/uct:s
cles aboye all other ſtrangers whatſoever they were. Ona time the King had him out a hunting honoured of
with him , hemade him fee his Mother , with whom he grew familiar : and by the Kings own com- *he King ot
mandmemn he was to hear the diſputations of the wiſe men of P:z5s1A touching ſecret Philoſo-
phy, which chey call Magick. Demararus the La cED&MON1AN being at that time in the court of ,,q 1-mand
PERSIA, the King willing bim to ask what gift he would , he beſought the King to grant him this of the King,
favour ;-to licence him to go up and down the City of Saris with his royall Hat on his head
as the Kings of Pzx51a do. Aithropayſtes, the Kings couſin , taking him by the hand , ſaid unto
him : Demargtys the Kings bat thou demandeſt , and it it were on thy head, it would cover bur litle
wit : Nay,though 7opiter did give thee his lightning in thy hand,yer that would not make thee Jupiter.
Bur the King gave him ſo ſharp a repulſe tor his unreaſonable requeſt , and was ſo angry with him
tor it , that. twas choughthe would never bave forgiven him : howbeit Themiſtocles was 10 earneſt a
ſuyer for bim,, that hebrought him into favour again. And the report goeth, that the Kings ſuccel-
fours which ave been fince that time , under whom the PzrS1A Ns bave had more dealings with the
GRECIANS , then in former days : when they would retain any great ſtate or perſonage of
GRzzCE into their ſervice , they wrote ugto him , and promiſed him they would make him greater
abqut them , then ever was Themsſtocles about Xerxes. That which is written of him, doth alſo
confrm- it, - For he beivg Rept -up to great countenance and authority , and followed with great
rrains
DO Y
112 THEMISTOCLES.
op ——_—
trains of ſuiters after him by reaſon of his greatneſs : ſeeing himſelf one Uay yery honourably ſerved
Themiſtocles at his table, and with all ſorts of dainty meats, he turned him to his. Children-and;Kid unts
had the reve- them : My Sons, we ſhould have been undone, if we had not been undone, The oft writs do-agree,
nue of three thar he had given him the revenue of three Cities for his allowance of Bread , Wine,: and ViRtuals :
Cies alpred to wit, MAGNESIA, LAMPS ACUS, and MyUNT a , But Neanthes Cyzicenian; and Phanias do
diet. add two other Cities more, PERGOT a and PALESCEPSIA : the one to defray his charges of
Apparrell, and the other for his lodging. Afterwards Themsſtocles going into the Low countries to-
wards the ſea , to take order againft the praCtiſes of the Gxzcrans , there wasa PzrS1an Lord
called Epixies ( Governour of the high Pk4xYG14 ) that had laid a train to kill him ( having of
long time hired certain murderers of P1$1D1A to do it) ſo ſoon as he ſhould come into a Town
Themiſtocles of his government , called the Lyons head. Bur as he ſlept on a day in his houſe in the afternoon, the
—_— mur- ther of the gods appeared unto him , and ſaid : Themiſtocles , go not to the Lyons head, for fear
-h: hatin thou meet with the Lyon : and for this warning, I do ask thy Daughter Aneſiprolema for my ſer-
his ſlecp. vant. Themiſtocles waking ſuddenly out of his dream, made his prayer unto the goddeſs , and turn-
ing out of the highway , 'ferched another compaſs about, Afterwards having patled that Town, he
took his lodging being benighted : but one of the beaſts which carried his Tent, fell by the way un-
fortunately in a River, and-all his Arras and Tapeſtry hangings being throughly wet , his ſervants
were driven to lay them out a drying by Moon light. The Piſidians that lay in wait , and could not
diſcern by Moon light that they were Hangings layed out to dry , thought it had been the very Tent
Themiſtocles ſelf did lie in : whereupon they went unto it with their Swords drawn in their hands,
hoping to have taken him ſleeping. But when they were come thither , and began to lift up a piece of
the Hangings, ſome of the people of Themiſtocles ( which kept watch) perceiving them, ran upon
them and rook them. So Themiſtocles having eſcaped this danger , wondered greatly at the fa-
vour of the goddeſs which had appeared unto him. In recompence whereof, when he was in the
City of MAGNES1A , he builta Temple unto Dindymena , and made wg, Mneſiptolema
Prioreſs of the ſame. As he paſſed by the City of SarD1s for his recreation , he went to viſit the
Temples and Offerings that had been given there : So he ſaw-an Image of Maid in Copper , in the
Temple of the Mother of the gods, being two yards high, which they called the' Hydrophora , as much
to ſay as the Watercarrier. And it was a ſtatue , which himſelf had heretofore dedicated and cauſed
to be made with the Fines of thoſe that had paid forfeitures, for ſtealing or-turning away the water-
courſe at ATHENS , at ſuch time as he was Maſter-ſ{urveyer of the Water-works and Conduits there,
Wherefore whether Themfþcles was ſorry to ſee this goodly Image a prifoner inthe hands of the bar-
barous people, or that he would ſhew unto the ATHENTa ns the greatneſs of his credit and authoriry
through all the Kings dominions , he ſpake' to the Governour of LyD14a, and prayed bim for
his ſake that he would ſend this pars (1 again to ATHENS 2 But this barbarous Governour was
very angry with his requeſt , and told him he would advertiſe the King thereof. Then Themiſtocles
began to be afraid, and was driven to ſeek ro the Governours Women and Concubines, whom he
Sor for money to intreat him, and ſo made fair weather again with the Governour, But from
thenceforth , he took better guard of him in all his doings , greatly fearing the envy of the barbarous
people. For he progreſſed not up and down As14, as Theopomps writeth , but pl long time in
im
the Ciry of MaGNES1A , quietly enjoying the Kings gracious gifts beſtowed on : where he
was honoured and reverenced tor one of the greateſt perſons of Pzx $514 , whileſt the King was elſe-
where occupied inthe affairs of the Provinees of As1Aa , and had no leiſure to think upon thoſe of
GRzzCE. But when news was brought him , that AGypyT was rebelled , by means of the favour
and afliſtance -of the ATHEN1ANS , and that the GrEcians Gallies did ſcour the ſeas even
unto the Iſle of Cy prus , and unto the Coaſts of C1L1cia, and that C:imor had all the fea in
ſubje&ion : that made him then to bend all his thoughts how to reſiſt the Gxzc1ams , that their
greatneſs might not turn to his harm, Then Commi went ,out to leavy men , to aſſemble Ca-
; - ptains, and to diſpatch Poſts unto Themiſ/tocles at MAGNESI1A , with the Kings Letters, ftraight-
a ly charging him to have an-eyeto the GREcians doings, and moreover that he ſhould faithfully
Coro keep his promiſe he had made 10 him. But he to ſhew that he neither maliced his Citizens, nor was
'" movedwith thedefire of greatneſs and authoriry he might have grown unto in thoſe wars , or elle
for that he thought the Kings expeRation would prove to a greater matter then he could end or
wade through,confidering GREECE was full at that time of famous Captains, and that Cimon amongſt
the reſt o donor ug good fortune, and that it ſhould be a reproach to him to Rain the glory of
{6 many Noble as, ſo many Triumphs, and ſo great Victories as Cimon had done and won , he
The manner took a wiſe reſolution with himſelf, to make ſuch an end of his lite, as the fame thereof deſerved , for
of Themiſtocles he made a ſolemn Sacrifice unto the gods, and feafted at the ſame all his friends. And after he had taken
death, his leave of them all, he drank Bulls bloud, as moſt men think (or as other ſay) poyſon, which diſparch-
eth a man in 24 hours, and ſo ended his days in the City of MAG nt$14, atter he had lived threeſcore
and five years, and the moſt part of them always in Office and great charge, 1t is written, that the
King of PERS1A underſtanding the cauſe and manner of his death , did more efteem him afterwards,
_ ocles theh hedi#before , and that ever afterwards he continued to uſe his friends and familiars in v
- ſort, For he left Children behind him,which he had of Archippa (Lyſanders Daughter)of the Town of
ALOPECIA : Archeptolis,Polyeuttus, and Cleophantus, of whom Plato the Philoſopher maketh men-
tion, ſaying that he was a good man at arms, - otherwiſe that there was no goodnels in him, His
other Sons that were elder, as Neocles, died being bitten witha Horſe : and as for D5«cles another "_
| | is
BD —
T\HEMISTOCLES.
his Grandfagher Ly/ander did "Mo him for his Son.” He had many Daughters, of the which
Mneſiptolema ( which he had byja-lecond Wife ) was married unto her half brother Archeprolis, for
they were not both of one wventer):: another called /ralis , was married unto one Panthides of C410 :
Sybars,unto Nicodewes an ASÞENIAN : and 1\ jchomacha, unto: Pharſicles,Themiſtocles Nephew,
unto whom her Brethren did marry herwithin the City of MAG NEs1a , after the death of their Fa-
* ther. This Pharſicles did bring, up Aſia, which was the youngeſt of all his Daughters. Furthermore his
ſumptuous Tomb ſtandeth yer in the Market-place of MAGNzs1Aa. But that Andocides writeth of Themiſtocles
his bones, in a book he made to his friends, is not to be credited : which was , that the ATHznrAa ns Fob aud
having found the aſhes of his , did caft them up into the air, asa device to ſtir up the Noble men ***4%*
inſt the people. And Phylarchus in his Hiſtory (much like unto the feigned ſubrilties of a Tragedy)
bringerh in I cannot tell what \{eocles and Demopolis,for Themiſtocles Sons, to move the readers with
compaſſion. Howbeit no man isio ſimple, but will judge it ſtraighz a very faining and device. Diodorns
the Coſmographer alſo in a book he hath wricten of Tombs and Monuments , faith, by conjeQure ,
rather then of any certain knowledge : that along the haven of P1r a, coming towards the head of
Alcimus, there is a foreland in form of an elbow, within the which when they have doubled the point,
the ſea is always calm, and there they find a great and long foundation or baſe, upon the which there
is as it were the form of an Altar, and that is ( faithhe ) Themsftocles Tomb, And he ſuppoſeth that
Plato the Comical Poet doth witneſs it in theſe verſes :
Thy gyeve is ſet and plac't commodiouſly,
Where fre, and Merchants that come by
the.
Io
May viſt thee, and where it may regard
All ſuch as ſeek, that port to be their ward,
Sometimes alſo, it may rejoyce to ſee,
| The bloudy fights, upon the ſea that be.
And furthermore, thoſe of Ma 6 nt$14 did inftirute certain honours unto the ifſue of Themsſtocles, Honour done
which continue yet untozhis day, And in my time, another Themsſtoclesalſo of Arms did enjoy » JR
the ſame honours, with whom I was familiarly converſant in the houſe of Ammonins the Philoſopher, OR
The endof TaEMISTQCLES Life,
©." THE LIFE OF
«= FURIUSC(AMILLUS.
HH—_
J
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1
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397.
| great matters which are ſpoken of this Faris Cale, this
ſeemerh ot rage and wonderfull above the reſt : that he having born the
ffices of charge in his Countrey, and having done many notable and
4&8 worthy-deeds in che fame , as one that was choſen five times Di&taror, and had yy, cm,
JARS trim four times, and had won himſelf the Name and Title of the ſecond «yer came to
& ſounder of Ro,and yer nevercame to be Conſul; But the onely cauſe thereof be Conſul,
| was,that the Commonweal of Roms ſtood then in ſuch ſtate and ſort: The peo-
| UY"*S ple were thenar.difſention with the Senate : rhey wonld chuſe no more Conſuls,
but other kind. of Governouts whom.they called 7r;buns militares : theſe did all things with like pecuie,
Power and authority as the Cofiſuls , yet were they nothing ſo odious unto the people, \ any” =
FF L
14 T.CAMILLOS.
the number chat was of them. For it was ſome hope to-them that will -bear the rule of the ſmall number
of Nobility that the government of the ſtate being pur into fix , and not ito two Officers hands, their
rule would be the cafier and tolerabler.Now Cami/lws being at that time inhis beſt credir and authority,
and in the prime and glory .of his doings, did not defire to be made Conſul without the good will of the
people, although whilft be was in authority there were - times Confuls created. Bur being called
and choſen to all other Offices and dignities, he behaved himlelf in ſuch ſort, that when he was alone,he
| made.his authority common to other : and when he had companions and aflociates, the glory of all re-
Camiflus wif- dounded to himſelf alone. The cauſe whereof, was his modefty on the one fide, for he commanded eyer
domand mo- Without envy : and his great wiſdom and ſufficiency on the other fide, for the which all others willingly
delty, - gave him place,and yeelded ro him, The houſe of Furians being at that time of no great fame,he was the
firſt that began todet himſelf forwards. For in a great battel which was fought againſt the e Ayes
and /olſces, he being but a private man at Arms under the Det ator Poſthumins T ubert ns,was the firſt
conic hurt, That ridingout of the Army, advanced himſelf and gave the charge. And being run inco the thigh
Ws * at that time with a ſtaff broken upon his thigh , he plucked the truncheon out and retired not for all
that : butgiving charge again upon the touteſt of the enemies , he fought it our ſo valiantly to the
encouraging of other , that he was the chief cauſe they turned their backs.” Whereupon, to requite his
ſervice done at that time ( beſides other honours they did him ) they made him Cenſor : an Officear
Camillus a&s that time of great preheminence and dignity. Inhis Office of Cenforfhip, hedid two notable acts,
in his Cenſor- The one very honeſt , when he brought Men that were net married , to marry the Women whom
ſhip, the wars had left Widows , which-were in number many., To this he got them partly by perſwa-
fion , and partly by threatnings, to ſet round fines upon their heads that retuſed. The other very ne.
cefſary ; in that he brought the Orphans to be contributories unto Taxes and Subſidies, which before
payed. nothing. The cauſe thereof was: the continual wars , about the which the Commonyeal
ſuſtained great charges , but ſpecially abour the ſtege of the City of the Vz1t's (which ſome call
VENETIANS ) that wasavery ſore burthen to them at that time, For it was the capital City of
The City of all Tkus can, the which for tore of Armour, and number of Souldiers , was nothing inferiour to
Pies beficged. the City of Roms. For'the VezIAaNs _ grown to ſtomack and courage in time, by reaſon of
their wealth and H—_ , and for the ſundry great battels they had fought againſt the Roma ws,
that contended with them for glory and empire : and now it fell ſo out, that they finding themſelves
weakened by many great overthrows , which they had received of the Romans , they did ler fall
their former Peacocks brayery and ambition, to bid chem battel any more in the field. Howbeir
the inhabitants of the City of. VEz1ts having raiſed the walls, and made: very great high rampiers,
began to fortifie themlelyes, and made-good proviſion for Armour and munition, beſides ſtore of Corn,
Shot and other necefſary things : they valiantly, and without fear of'any thing , defended the fiege
of the Romans, that continued a long time, and was.no leſs hard and painfull unto them that
did beſiege , then it was unto thoſe thar were beſieged, For where the Romans were wont
beforetime to keep their, houſes inthe winter ſeaſon, and, the field onely in the ſummer time : that
was the firſt time they wexe compelled by the Captains and Tr5bani militares, to build forts, and to
intrench their Camp with a wall, even in their enemies countrey , andto winter abroad as they were
The Geoe con- Wont to lie in the Camp in ſummer. Now this ſiege had continued ſeven years” together, The
tinued ſeven Captains-were burthened rhat they did not their duties;-ner ſtood _— to their charge ; where-
years together ypon in the end: they were diſcharged , and other Capuains placed 'in their rooms to follow the
fege., Amongſt thole, Camillus was one, whom then'the-ſecond time they created Tribun mili-
Camillus twice Far... Who notwithſtanding did nothing then in that fiege ,' becauſe ir was his hap byLot , to make
choſen Tri-, wars upon the PHALERIANS and 'the CaPENATEsS,” Theſe people whileſt the Roma xs
bune ofthe wee occupied otherwhere , had invaded their Countrey and done-them great harm, during the
Souldiers. time of their war with the THusc ans,” But Comiliny baving- overthrown a 'great number
of them in the field , had the reſt in chace\:and drave thern to take their City , and did ſhut them
The wonder- Up within their own walls. The chance that happeneat the Lake of Ar za nus, abour the ime the
foll overflow- TauscAN wars were greateſt , did marvelloully amaze the Romans ,, being no leſs wonder-
ing of the fyl], thenthe moſt ſtrange and uncredible thing that could be told by man. For they could not find
Lake Alb8%49, 1x the cauſe of it by common reaſon, nor any naturall ground : conſidering it was in the latter end of
Autumn, and Summer was ended, ant that there-had not. been much rain, nor notable South-winds.
Ang although there are many Lakes, many Brooks and/Rivers, many Springs and other waters in IT 4-
LY : yet Tome of them dried up altogether, other ran but faintly by reaſon of the drought, and all the
Rivexs then were (asthey are wont to be commonly in Summer) very low, and there was feant any wi-
ter. Bux the Lake ALBA nus contrariwiſe , that cometh from no other place, neither runneth any
whither out of it ſelf, being enviraned all about with hills and mountains, and wherethe earth is good:
nto {well , and riſe to every mans fight without apy caufe at all (pur ſecret and hjdden unto the
alone). and went alwaies increaſing alongthoſe hills ſides , uncill fuch rime as it camets be even
% weiththe height of the higheſt mountain,, gathering upwards ftill without any wares: oy tempeſt 0f
' weatherat all, Thisat the firſt , made poor Shepherds and Heardmen, keeping theip Cartef therc-
abouts, marvelloully afraid : bur at the length When the earth and the.weighr of one of the hills (which
kept in the Lake as a wall, from running over into the field ) began to break by reaſon; of the weigit,
and great quantity of water , that ran ſtraight with a marvellous extream force and violence over al
the arable Lands and grounds planted with Trees, and fo took his courſe into the Sea ; the Roma vs
-- .-- then not alone, but the whole inhabitants of ITaLy were wonderfully afraid , and judged thi
it was ſore ſign and prognoſtication of ſome wonderfull thing ro come. And thexe was no othe!
: news
, \
Ta , voy
CAMILLVUS.
news currant in the Camp, which lay at fiege of the City of Verts : in ſo much as the very
bruit of_it flew over the walls of the Ciry , unto them: that were beſieged. And as it happeneth very
oft in long ſieges, that thoſe which lie in camp do oftentimes talk with them that are beſieged :
there was a ROMa N who fell acquainted , and commonly uſed to talk familiarly with one of the
City , who could tell of-many old and ſtrange things done and happened, and was very skilfull
above any other in the Ciry, in the art of Divination or ſoothſaying. The Roman then told
him one day the violent breaking out of the Lake ALs a Nus , and perceiving that the other after
he had heard him, was as merry as a Pye at thematter , and that he gibed at their fiege : he told
him further , - that this wonderfull chance was not onely happened unto the Romans at that
time , but that they had been acquainted with many other far more ſtrange then this, which he
would very willingly open unto him , to ſee if there. were any remedy, that though the affairs of
the Commonweal had but hard ſucceſs, yet he would procure that his own private matters
might proſper well with him. The V 1a anſwered them, he would hear chem with a good will,
and give good-ear unto him , hoping to. have beard ſome great ſecret. So the Roman train-
ing him on Kill from one matter to another , holding on his way , untill he ſaw he was a good di-
ſtance off from the gates of the City , be ſuddenly caught hold on him, and by ſtrong hand car-
ried' him away with him, and with help of other Souldiers which came running out of the camp
unto him , he brought him to the Captains, The VE1A ſeeing himſelf chus forcibly uſed , and
knowing alſo that tatall deſtiny cannot be avoided , began to declare unto the Romans , the
ancient Oracles- and Propheſies touching the. fortune of their City : by which it was reported un-
ro them, that the City of Veres ſhould never be taken , untill the enemy had cauſed the water
of the Lake ALsANus (which ſhould break our ) ro be brought back again, and to turn ir
ſome other way from thence , that it ſhould not fall into the fea, This was carried unto the Senate
at Rome , tobe —_ of inthe Councell : and. there it was determined they ſhould ſend to the
Oracle of Apollo at the Ciry of DELyHos , and ask him what they ſhould do therein. So thither
were ſent greaz.and-notable men, Cofſus Licinine, Valerirs Politus and Fabins Ambuſtus : who ha- a, Oracie
ving ended their journey by ſea , and received anſwer of that they demanded, returned home again, brought from
and amongſt other Oracles they brought one that ſaid thus : That through negligence they had Delphos,
omitted ſome ancient Ceremonies in the Holy days of the LatriNzs. And another willed them
The craft of a
Roman.
I
that they ſhould by all poſſible means they could, keep the water of the Lake ALBanus that
it fell not into the ſea , and ſhould ( if it were poſſible) bring it back again into his old place : if
not , that yer they ſhould cut as many trenches and ditches as might be, that. it might bedrunk up
in the middeſt of the fields. When theſe Oracles were underſtood, the Prieſts prepared all things
for Divine ſervice , and the people went about the water of the Lake to turn it again, After theſe
things were done, the Senate in the tenth year of the wars againſt the Vt1as , put off all thoſe
which did bear Office , and created (amillus Dittator , who named for Generall of the Horſemen Camillus cho2
Corxelins Scipio, And before he went in hand with any thing he made a vow unto the gods, that if len Ditator,
it pleaſed themto grant a happy end of theſe Wars, in honour of. them he would celebrate great
plays, and build a Temple unto the goddeſs which the Romans call Matuta : which ſeemeth to 1cacues
be oo whom wecall Leucorhea, conſidering the Ceremonies done in theſe Sacrifices. - For they Leucothes;
cauſe a Chambermaid to enter into her Temple, and there they box her about the ears. Then they pur
her out of the Temple, and do imbrace their Brothers Children rather then their own, They make
many other Ceremonies ,/ and they are much, like unto thoſe that are done unto Bacchxs Nurſes, and
to the misfortunes that chanced unto Jno, by reaſon of her Husbands Concubine, After all theſe
vows and prayers made, he entred with his Azmy into the Fai15S1A NS territories, whom he over-
threw in a great battel : together with the CAPENAT Es alſo, which came to aid them. From thence
be went to the ſiege of the City of VE1ts, where perceiving to take it by aſſault , was not to be done
without great danger : he began to undermine it ( finding the earth all about very minable ) and withall
ſo deep, that the enemies could perceive nothing. Now'when his mining fell out according to his
good hope, he gave an aſſault ro the walls in all places alike about the City at one inſtant, to bring
out all the inhabitants of the City to man the walls. Whilſt rhey were all chus upon the walls ro.make
defence , Camillus Souldiers entred ſecretly. through the .mines within the Caftle , hard by the ., City of
Temple of Juno + - which-was the chief Church of all the City, and whereunto the Citizens had p,;.; raken by
moſt devotion, - They ſay [that even at that preſent time the Generall of the Thusc ans did mining, |
lacrifice unto the gods , and-that his Soothſayer having conſidered the intrails of the beaft offer-
ed up in ſacrifice , cried qut aloud , that the gods gave the victory unto him , which ſhould happen
to come upon them in this : Sacrifice, The Romans 'which were within the mine hearing this,
brake the earth incontinemly,,. and leaped” out , crying , and making noyſe with their weapons:
wherewith the. enemies were ſo aſtonied , that they fled. upon it, and ſo. the Romans took
the intrails and carried them..unto Camillus. And theſe be even much like the Poets Tales and Fa-
bles. Howbeit Camsllus, having. by this means taken the City , and ſeeing from the top of the Ca-
tle the infinie goods and riches within the City , which the Souldiers ſpoiled and made havock of,
he wept for very-pity. And when thoſe that were about -him told bim be was a happy man ; he |
lift up his unto Heaven, and made this -prayer. O mighty god Zupiter , and you O gods, ga or
which ſee and Judge mens good, and ill works :- you know right well, that we have not willing- _ nn
ly ( without wrong and cauſe offered us*) begun this War, . but juſtly, and by compulſion , to :
be revenged of a Ciry our enemy , which hath done us great.injuries, Bur if to countervail this our
T4 (1. L 2 : great
CAMILLUS.
at good proſperity apd viRory , ſome bitter adverfity and overthrow be predeſtined unto us : 1
gas youthen ( moſt mercifull gods.): in {paring our City of Rowe, and this her Army, you will
( with as little hurt as may be ) ler.it all fall aod-light upon my. perſon alone. And as he bad fpoken
theſe words , and was turning on his zight band. ( accarding to the manner of the Roma NS after they
have prayed unto the gods) he fell down Hat before them all. The Qtanders by taking this fall tor an
ill token, were ſomewhat _ _ _—_ —_ ; but E—_ _ on = _—— , be told
them that the thing be requeſted of the gads was happened unto him. A was, alittle hurt,
in exchange —_— good fortune. So the whole City being ſpoiled and rifled , he was alſo deſirous
to carry. 7#n0's Image to. ROME , to accompliſh the yow he had made. And having ſent for work.
men for this purpoſe , be did facrifice firſt unto the goddeſs, beſceching her to accept well of the
Romany s good will , and that ſhe would willingly vouchſafe tro come and dwell with the other gods,
who had the proteRion of the Ciry of RoME. Some fay, that the Image anſwered, fhe was content-
ed. But Livins writeth, that Camus made this prayer as he rouched the Image,and that the aſliſtanis
anſwered ſhe was contented,and would go-with a goodwill, Yet they which do affirm, it was the Image
{elf that ſpake,do favour this miracle,grounding their proofupon the opinion of thefortune of Ros :
the which , from ſo baſe and mean beginning had impoſſibly attained unto-fo high glory and power
a5 it had,without the ſingular favour of the gods : and that hath manifeſtly appeared unto the world, by
ſundry. great proofs andexamples, They bring forth alſo ſuch other like wonders ; As,that Images have
Feioned won- heretofore let fall drops of ſweat from them * that they have. been heard to-ſigh : that they have turn-
ders of Images ed, and that they have made certain figns with their eyes, -as we find-written in many ancient ſtories,
' , And wecoyld ourſelvesallo, tellſuch like wonders , which we have heard men of our time affirm ,
Plutarchsjudg- which are not uncredible, nor lightly to be condemned. Bur for ſuch marrers, it is as dangerous to give
ment of mira- 100 much credit to them; as-alſo to diſcredit them too much,by reafon of the weakneſs of mans nature ,
: which hath no certain bounds , nor canrule it ſelf, but runneth ſomerimey after vanity and ſuperſti-
tion, and otherwhile alſa deſpiſeth and-contemneth holy and divine matters : and therefore the mean is
the vertue,and not to ge taafar in this, as in all other things befides,it is the beſt. Now Gamilrs, whe-
ther his lace enterpriſe peckarmed , in winning a City that ftood our with Rows , and held fiege with -
them ten! years tgpether, bad pur him: into an overweening conceit, of himſelf : or that the words of
the propla, which. did. bids and praiſe him, had made higi look high, and-profure upon himſelf, more
then begame the modeſty-af a civil Magiſtrate and Governour of the Commonweal , and one that was
Comillus tate. wbjeR$;:t9 the Law : be ifhewed a ftarely triumph, fer forth with all rich fyrniture, and ſpecially for that
ly triumph of kaignſelh was carried throngh ROME upon his triumphant: Chariot drawn with four fair white cour-
the Peians, ers, |-This | never Caprain.nor General before him durſt undertake to do , neither any ever after him
attermpied /it ;- for they: think. it. as a facred carriage , and* onely meet for the King and Father of the
:.. £ods; This bred him muck cavy amongſt the Citizens , which had nov been acquainted with fo great
-\i\'42. Ghateline(s; - There was another occaſion-alſo that made them miſlike him much : which was, becauſe
"><. be hood agiinſt the - Law pur forth that they: ſhould divide'the City of Roms. For the Tribunes of
A Law for the 8 People did: ſer our an Edict that the Senate and people of Ros ſhould be divided into two
people of Rome PAIES 388d that” thoſe on-whom the. Lot thould fall, thould abide ftill in Rome, and the other
to dwellaz thould, go dwelt in the new won Ciry-of Vz1z s. - Theſe were the reaſons to perfwade this : that
Peies, both he one and che other ſort fhould be richer then they were before, and ſhould more eaſily keep
| - their Lands and: Goods from'the invaſion of their enemies, by means of theſe ewo great Cities, The
people which were. multipled now x00. great. numbers:, and had ſerved dutifully and dangeroully,
thought. it the beſt: way:cin the world: :'! Therefore they, Kill cried out, 'and thronged with- great
tumult., about their Pulpic for Orations, praying that'this Law might -be- put unita the voices of
the people. But the -whole Senate ,-apd 'wiſeft Citizens among them , judging this motion of the
Tribunes would be the/ deſtruRion , and nor'the divifioa of the Civy of Rome , could in no wiſe
abide. i ſhould go any further. |/Wherenpon they went and prayed Camillus help t who fearing
to bring it. to the Pom a whether the'Law- ſhopld'+paſs or no , did always ſeek new occafions
and lets,; ſtill to dela put .off the matter , and ſtay: the confirmation of this' Law. - For theſe
; cauſes,, he; was bated -of the common people. /Bur the oziginall and apparent eauſe of the peoples
bn ge ill willtowards him ,, was for taking from them the zemly-part of their ſpoils : and it was not alto-
peoples wvalice. 354hcr- Without ſome reaſon , and 40 ay' truly: the ;pdople- didbhins much wrong +0 bear him ſuch
againſt Comil-., Walice for that. For befere he went: to. the City: of 'V218s', he made'a ſolemn vow to offer the
lus, tenth part unto the gods, of the ſpoils of the City ;-ifhe wan the ſame / '' But whery ie was raken and
Gacked, whether it was that'he. was loath 10: trouble.the Citizens, or having a werld of buſineſs in
his head , that he eaſily. forgot tus vow', /he ſuffered the Souldiers ts divide: thes fpoil/ amongft
them, and to take the benefit ro themſelves. - Shortly afxey he was'diſcharged of his charge , he did
enform the Senate of his vow. Furthexmore:, the Sooth{ayers made reportat that very'time , how
they knew by certain figns and tokens of: their $acrifices., that the gods-were offerided For ſome-
what, and how they - muſt of neceifiry be pacified” again, Whereupon the. Senate preſently
' made an: Order, where it was unpoffiible-every man ſhould bring' in again the: (df fame things
he had gotten , to. make-a new diviſion-'of :every mans ſhare : thaz- every one! therefore upon his
Oath, ſhould preſent- the tenth part of-his gains he had gotten-by thar/ boory. Fhere- was great
trouble about iu. They were driven to uſe great extreiniry to thepoor Souldiers {which had tri-
velled fore , and taken great. pains/in, the wars) to nA them-reftore back fuch/a- collop out
of their gain, and the rather ,. becauſe many of them- had already ſpent ir every” peny Fu
| or
CAMILLVUS.
for this trouble, they all cried,out with open mouth againſt Camillus, Bur he ( not knowing other-
wiſe how to excuſe himſelf ) was forced to bring forth as cold and as unreaſonable an excule as he
could make , which was forſooth , that he had forgotten his Vow he had made : The people not-
withſtanding were eager ſtill againſt him , ſaying, how he had vowed then to offer the tenth parc
of the enemies goods to the gods, and that now he would perform it with the tenths of the Ci-
tizens goods, Nevertheleſs every man having brought that he ſhould for his part, ic was thought A cup of gold
good they ſhould cauſe a maſlie cup of gold to be made to ſend to the Temple of _4polio at De x- ſent t9 Pelphos
PHOS, And ſmall ſtore of gold being in the City of Rome, as the Officers of the Ciry were = —_ ”
ſearching up and down to ger ut, the women of RomE of their own voluntary wills without motion, thcir You Is
agreed among themſelves , that they would depart with all the jewels they had towards the ma- towards the
king up of this Offering , which came to the weight of eight talents. In recompence whereof making of it.
to honour them withall , the Senate ordained that they ſhould be praiſed openly with Funeral Ora- T_
tions at their buriall, as they did uſe at honourable and noble mens obſequies. For before that Law {., he
it was not the manner to praiſe Women openly at their Funerals : Now there were appointed three Funerals in
of the nobleſt men of the Ciry to go to carry this Offering, and they ſent them our ina galley well Rome.
manned, ſtored alſo with good Mariners , and trimly fer torth in all criumphing manner , howbeit
both in ſtorm and calm weather , they were in danger of their lives, For atter that they had ſcaped
drowning very narrowly by tempeſt , when the wind was down again, they fell into- another dan-
ger which they eſcaped alſo beyondall hope. For hard by the Iſles of Zorus , the galleys of the
LieARIaNns fellupon them, as if they had been rovers. But when the Lieartians ſaw they
made no reſiſtance , and entreated them , holding up their hands , they gave no further charge upon
them , but onely faſtened — unto theirs. So when they had haled them to the ſhore , they
declared they were Pyrats, and offered to make port-ſale of the men and goods, as if they had been
a lawfull prize, and had ſold them indeed, had nor the wiſdome and authority of Timeſithexs letted
them , who was Governour at that time of the City , and had great ado to perſwade them to let them
g0. And hedid not ſo leave them, bur ſent out certain of his own Shjps to accompany them in
their journey , who did help them to go and perform their oftering. For which courtehie of his,
the Romans afterward did him great honour at ROME, according to his well-deſerving. The
Tribunes of the people began now to ſet on foot againſt the Law for the dividing of the Inhabi- |
tants of RomE unto the City of Vz1ts. But the wars of the FAL1sces fell out happily at that Camilla clio*
time, whereby the Noble men did chuſe ſuch Officers as they would. So A——_ Camillus, Tris en Tribune
bunus militaris of the Souldiers , and five othersto aſliſt him , the ſervice in that caſe requiring a Ge- - the ſoul-
neral that carried both authority and reputation among them , as an old experienced Souldier in the © |
wars, When the people had confirmed the Ele&ion, Camilus immediately entred the territories Camilla belios
of the Fai1sczs with the Romans Army , where he laid fiege unto the City of the Far x- 8 the F4:
RIANS , being very well fortified , vidtualled and ſtored , with all other munition of war; Know- —_
ing therefore thar it wasno ſmall attempt to win this City , and that ir would nor be done in a ſhorr
time , he politickly ſought ( whatſoever came of it ) to keep his Countreymen occupied about ſome
thing , and to ſtay them for going home, leſt by repairing ro Rowe they ſhould have many occaſi-
ons to rebel] , and raiſe ſome civill diſſention, For the Roma ns did wiſely uſe this y to dif-
perſe abroad like good Phyſicians the humours which troubled the quier ſtate of their commonweal
at home, Bur the FaLex1aNs truſting in the ſituation of their City , which was very ſtrong in
all parts, made ſo little account of the Siege, that choſe which kept not watch upon the walls, walk-
ed up and down in their Gowns in the City , without any weapon about them, and their Children
went to School , the School-Maſter alſo would cominonly lead = abroad out of the City a walk-
ing , to play and paſs the time by the Town-walls, For theFhole City had one common School-
aſter , as the GREC1aNs alſohave, which do bring up their Children from little ones in com
pany together , becauſe one may be familiarly acquainted wuth anofſher, This School-maſter ſpying
his time rodo the FALER1a Ns a ſhrewd turn, did accuſtomably take all his Scholars out of the Ciry
with him , to. play not far from the walls at the beginning , and afterwards brought them into the
City again after they had played their fill, Now after he had led them abroad thus once or twice,
he trained them outevery day a little further , to make them to be bold , perſwading them there was
no danger; But at the length, one day having gotten all the Citizens children with him ; he led
them within k' watch of the Romans Cimp, and there delivered all his Scholars into their
» and pfayed them they would bring him unto their General. So they did. And when be
came before Camillus, be began to tell him that he was School-Maſter unto all theſe Children, ne+ < gnigtty, wor?
vertheleſs that he did more efteem to have his grace and favour , then regard his office he had by thy a& to the
this Name and Title. Camilxs hearing what he ſaid , and beholding his treacherous part, he ſaid t9 School-maſter
thoſe that were about him : War of it ſelf ſurely is an evil thing , for in wars many injuries and — o
miſchiefs are, done : Nevertheleſs among good mien there is a - Law and diſcipline, which doth j,6
forbid them to ſeek Victory by wicked and trajterous means, arid chat a noble and worthy Gene- & noble laying
ral ſhould make war, and procure Viory by truſting to his own valiantneſs , and not by ano- of Camillus,
thers vileneſs and vilany. Therefore he commanded his Sergeants to tear the clothes off the back 3*4 = pre-
of this vile Sciool-maſter , and to bind his hands behind him , and that they ſhould give the Chil- JF, or Were
dren rods and whips in their hands, ro whip the Traytor back again into the C ity, that had betrayed ye preferred
them , and grieved their Parents. Now when the Faitx1ans heard news that the School-maſtex before villany.
lad thus betrayed them , all the City fell a weeping ( as every man may think for ſo gteat a ny
L 3
118
CAMILLUS.
—
The Faliſcians
by their Am-
bafladours do
yeeld rhem-
ſelves and
goods unto
Camillus.
The meflage
of the Ambaſ-
ſadours of the
F atiſcians unto
the Romanes.
Camillus rook
a ſum of mo-
ney of the Fa-
lerians, aud
made peace
with all the
reſt of the
Faliſces.
Lucius Apulcius
accuſed Ca-
millus.
The equity of
the Romanes,
who would
not peryert the
law though
they dearly
loved Camil-
lus, but wil-
lingly offered
to pay his fine,
Camillus prai-
ed before his
departure out
of Rome.
Camillus exi-
Jeth himſe'!f
trom Rome.
Tokens of
the wars of the
Gaulcs.
The original
beginning of
the Gaules.
and men and women ran together one in anothers neck, to the Town-walls, and gates of the City,
like people out of their wits, they were ſo troubled. When-they came thirher , they ſaw their chil-
dren bringing. their School-maſter back again ſtark naked and bound , whipping of him, and
calling Camz#us their father , their god, and their Saviour ; So that not onely the farhers and mothers
of the children, but all other the Citizens alſo in general}, did conceive in themfelves a wonderiull
admiration and great love , of the wiſdom, goodneſs, and juſtice of Camzllxs. So that even pre-
ſently they called a Councel , and there it was concluded they ſhould ſend Embaſſadours forthwith
unto Romt, whereaudience being given unto them by the Senate , the Embaſſadours {aid, Becaulc
the RomANEs preferred juſtice aboye vifory , they raught them to be betrer contented to jubmir
themſelves unto them, then to be their own men at liberty ; confeſſing their vertue did more over-
come them then any force or power could do, The Senate diſpatched Letters unto Camillzs , giving
him commiſlion to do and determine as he thought good. So he having taken a certain lum ot
money of the FALERLANS, did furthermore make peace and league with all the reſt of the Fa.
LISCES, and thereupon returned back again to Romz ; But the Souldiers grudged marvelloutly
at it ; For they ſtood in-hope to have had the ſacking of the City. When there was no remedy, bur
they muſt needs return home empry-handed , they began to accuſe Camillzs to the reſt of the Ci-
tizens, as ſoon as they came to 1oME, ſaying, he loved not the common people , and how for ſpite
he diſappointed their army of the ſpoil. Onthe other fide , the Tribunes of the people began to re-
vive the Law for the dividing of the Inhabitants of RomF , and were ready to paſs it by the voices
of the people. Camillus not fearing the il} will of the commons, did boldly ſpeak, ad do in open
preſence all he could: againſt it, So that plainly he was the chiefeft caule that the people againſt
their wilk ( entreat what they could ) were driven to ler it alone : But withall they were fo ſpight-
full againſt him, that notwithſtanding his forrow and misfortune for the death of his Son (dying
of a fickneſs ) was great , they would not of malice once rake pity or compailion of him. The lois
whereof { albeit he was of a very good and courteous nature ) was ſo grievous, and made him ſo
unquiet , that being accuſed before the people , he ſtirred not once our of tris houſe , bur was locked up
with the women , which lamented for his Son departed. He that did accuſe him was one Lucius A-
puleius , burthening him that he had ſtolen and taken away part of the ſpoil of the Thus canes,
and ſaid, they had ſeen certain braſen gates at his houſe, which had been brought out of Thus ca ns,
Now tlie people wete ſo maliciouſly-bent againſt him , that every man might ſee if they could once
take him ina rtip, upon any advantage whatſoever , they would doubtleſs have condemned him,
Wherefore calling together his iriends and Souldiers that had ferved under” him in the wars , or that
had taken charge with him , which were many in number : He earneſtly beſought them thar they
would nor utter him thus vilely to be condemned through falſe and unjuft accuſations laid againit
him; nor to be ſo ſcorned and defamed by his enemies, His friends having laid their heads rogether,
and conſulted thereupon, made him anſwer, how for his judgement they conld not remedy it, bur
if he were condenined , they would all joyn together with a very good will ro help to pay his
fine, But he being of mind not to bear fach an open ſhame and ignominy, determined in choler to
leave the City, and to exile himſelf from it. And after he had taken his leave of his Wife and Chil-
dren, bidding them farewell : He went out of his houſe to the gates of the Ciry , and ſaid never
a word ; When he came thither he ſtayed ſuddenly, and returning back again , he lift up his hands
rowards the CapitbY, and made his prayers unto the gods, that if it were of very ſpite and malice, and
not of juſt deſerving , that the common people compelled him. thus ſhamefully ro forſake the City,
that the Roma nes might quickly repent them, 'and in the tace of the'world might with for him,
and Have riced” of him. After hedzgd made theſe prayers againſt the Citizens (as Achilles did a-
ainſt the GxecIaNns ) he went his way, and was condemned for his contempr'm the Sum of
fifteen thouſand Ages of the _— coyn , which make of Greekifh money, a'thoufand five
hundred Dyrachmas of filver ; fOran As was a little peece of money , whereof ten of them made a
RomanNt pery. Howbeit there was not a- Romane of any underſtanding but beleeved certainly
that ſome grear-puniſhmen would follow them incontinently , and that the wrong and injury they
had done him would be quickly requited with ſome moſt ſharp and terrible revenge, nor” onely un-
pleaſant to think upen, but fartrher moſt notable to be ſpoken of through the world, There fell our
ſo ſuddenly upen ir fach miſchief toward the City of Roms , and the preſent time alſo brought
forth fuch occaſion of danger and deftruction thereof, to their ſhame and infamy ; ghat it was un-
certain whether it happened by chance , or elſe it was the handy-work of ſome god that would
not ſuffer vertue recompenſed with ingratitude, to paſs unrevenged. Their firſt roken that threagned
ſome great miſchief ro light upon them , was the death of Julzzs , one of the Cenſors; for the
Roma NE5 0 greatly reverence the office of a Cenfor , and efteem it as a ſacred place, © The ſecond
roken thar bappened a little before Camillus exile, was, that one Marius Ceditins, a man but of mean
yo=y , afid- none of the Senare ( but otherwiſe a fair-conditioned honeft man , and of good con-
cience ) rold the Tribuni militares of a thing that was to be well conſidered of. For he faid that
the night betore as he was going on his way in the New ſtreer, heheard one call him aloud , and re-
turning backt6 ſeewhat it was, he ſaw no living Creature, but 'onely heard a yoice bigger then 2
mans, which {aid unto him, Marcus Ceditins, go thy way to morrow morning to the Tribuni mili-
raves, and bid them look quickly for the Gaur's, The Tribunes were merry at the matter, and
madeur'a jeſt ar his warning , and ſtraight after followed the condemnation of Camillas, Now 3
rtotiching the Gaur s , they came ( as they ſay )of the Cert # , whoſe Counttey not being able to
oY maintain
- CAMILLUS.
maintain the multitude of them , they were driven tg go ſeek other Countreys to inhabit in , and
there were amongſt them many thouſands of young men of ſervice and good Souldiers , but yer more
women and little children by a great number. Of theſe people fome of them went rowards the North
Sea, paſling the mountains R1 PHE1 , and did dwell in the extream parts of Eyrope. Other of
them remained between the mountains PIKINE1 , and the greateſt mauntains of the Alps , near
unto the SsNONES , and the CELTQR11. There they continued a long time , untill they fortuned
in the end to taſte of the Wine which was firſt brought our of 1raly unto them. Which dripk
they found ſo good, and were ſo delighted wirh it , that ſudgenly they armed themſelves, and ta-
king their Wives and Children with them , they went dixectly rowards the 4{ps, to go ſeek our
the Countrey that brought forth ſuch fruit , judging all other Countreys in reſpe&t ot that to be
but wild and barren, I is ſaid, that the firſt man which brought wine unto them, and that did pre- 1
cure them to paſs into I'r a LY was a Nobleman of Thysc an called Arron , and otherwiſe of no —
ill diſpoſed nature ; howbeit he was ſubject ro this misfortune tollowing. He was Tutor unto an rer of the
Orphan child , the richeſt that was at chat time in all rhe Countrey of THuscan , and of complex- Ges coming
i0n was wonderfull fair ; he was called Zxcxwo, This orphan was brought up in Arrens houſe of a "9 11a.
child , and though he was grown to mans eftate , yet he would not go from him , faining he was well
and to his liking, Bur indeed the cauſe was that he loved his Miſtxels ( Arrons Wite) whom ſecretly
he had enjoyed a long time, and ſhe him , that made him like his continuance there. Howbeit in the
end love having ſo poſſeſſed rhem both , that neicher party could withdraw from other , much lels
conceal ic. : The young man ſtole her away from him, and kept her till by force ; eArron put them
in-ſuit , but he prevailed not-; for Zucun.o overweighed him with Friends, money, gitts, and charges. 7 ack of juſtice
But he took it {6 grievoully that he left his Countrey ; and having heard talk of the Gaurts , he the cauſe of
went unto them , and was their guide to bring them into ITALY, So they conquered at their firſt the deltruQtion
coming all that Countrey which the THusC ans held-in old time, beginning at the foot of the ———
mountains, and ſtretched gur in length from one Sea unto the other , which envirogeth IT a Ly , as y 4 njpony by
the names themſelves do witneſs. For they call yet that Sea which looketh unto the North , the The power of
Adriatick Sea ; By reaſon of a Ciry built ſometime by the Thus ca ys, which was called Adria. The the Thuſcanes
other which lieth dire&tly over againſt the South , is called the Thusc a vs Sea, All that Counrey old rune,
is well planted with Trees , and hath goodly pleaſapr paſtures for beaſts and cattel co feed in, and is
notably watered with goodly running Rivers, There was alſo at that time eighteen fair great Ci-
ties in that Countrey , all ot them very ſtrong and well-ſeated , as well for to enrich the inhabitants
thereof by traffique , as to make them to live delicately for pleaſure, All theſe Cities the Gaurs
had won, and had expulſed the Thus a Ns, but this was done long time befgre, Now the G aur $
being further entred into Thus c AN , did beliege the City of CLus1um. Thereupon the Cluſiaxs Clufium 2 Cit
ſeeking aid of the Rom A Ns , beſought rhem they would ſend Letters and Embaſladors unto theſe gf Thuſcane =
barbarous people in their favour, They ſent ynto them three of the beſt and moſt honourable per- feged by the
ſons of the City , all three of the houle of the Fabians. The Gaury received them very courte- G#ules.
ouſly, becauſe of the name of Roms ; and leaving to aſſaujt the Cury they gave them audience. The Sans ik
RomANE Ambaſſadors did ask them what injury the CLus1aNs bad done unto them that they of the ee.
came to make wars with them, Brennus King of the Gaurs hearing this Queſtion, ſmiled , and
anſwered him thus , The CLus1aNns do us wrong in this , they being but few people rogerher , and
not able to occypy much land , do notwithſtanding poſſeſs much, and will let us bave no part with
them, that are ſtrangers , and our of our Countrey, and ſtand in need of ſeat and habitation. The
like wrong was offered unto you ROMANES in old time by thoſe of ALBA, by the Fivenartzs,
and the ARDEATES; and not long fince by the Ye1aNns, and the CaPENaTEs, and partly
by the Fai1$CES and the YOLSCES ; againſt whom ye have taken and do take arms at all times ;
And as ofc as they will let you have no part of their goods, ye impriſon their perſons, rob and
ſpoil their goods, and deſtroy their Cities , and in doing this ye do them no wrong at all, buc
follow the oldeſt Law that is in the world , which ever leayerh unto the ſtronger that which the
weaker cannot keep and enjoy : beginning with the gods , and ending with beats , the which have
br, Je. A. AA 25 FS ee Bn rs
LC
Lam
this property jn nature , that the bigger and ſtronger have ever the vantage of the weaker and leſ-
ſer, Theretore leave your pity to-ſee the CLus1ans beſieged, leſt you teach us Gaurs to take
compaſſion alſo of thoſe you have oppreſſed. By this anſwer the Roma nes knew very well there
was No way 10 make peace with King Brennns. Wherefore they entred into the Cay of CLus1un,
and encouraged the Inhabitants to ſally out with them _upon thele barbarous people; .cicher becauſe
they had a defire to prove the valiantneſs of the Gaurs, or elſe to ſhew their own courage and
manhood. $o the Citizens went out , and skirmiſhed witch thera hard by the walls ; in the which one
of the Fabians called Quintus Fabins Ambuſtus , being excellently well horſed, and putting ſpurs Fbizs Ambu-
cobim, did {et upon a goodly big perſonage' of the Gaurs , that bad advanced himſelt far be- {ts a Ron-ane
fore all the troop of his companions. He was nor known at the firſt encounter, as well for the *<2%*th the
. a 4 , X ! . common Law
ſudden meeting and skirmifhing together , as for that his gliſtering armour dimmed the eyes of the {1 cu
Enemies. But after he bad {hin the GauLis, andcame to ſtrip him , Brenzxs then knew him, and
proteſted againſt him, calling tbe gods to witneſs how he had broken the law of arms , chat coming
as an Ambaſlagour he had 4aken upon bim the form of -an Enemy. Hereupon Brennus forthwith Brennus repro-
left 4Kirmiſhing, and.raiſing cþe fiege from .Cx.us1um marched with his Army unto Rom gates. verh Fabjus for
And tothe CEE might know that the GauLEs were not well pleaſed for the in- breaking ihe
Jury they'bad_ received , xo have an hanet colour to begin wars with the RoxaNes, he fear - _——_
Hera
© der, and put-
CAHMIEL US.
Herald before to Rom, to demand livery of the man that had offended him, that he might puniſh him
accordingly. In the mean time he himſelf came marching after , by ſmall journeys, to receive their
anſwer, The Senate hereupon afſembled , and many of the Senatours blamed the raſhneſs of the Fa-
biens : but moſt of all the Prieſts called Feciales. For they followed it very earneſtly , as a matter
that concerned Religion and the honour of the gods, declaring how the Senate in diſcharge of all
the reſidue of the Ciry of the offence commirted , ſhould lay the whole weight and burthen of ir
Num Pomp;. P92 him alone, that onely had done the fact. Nama Pompilixs the juſteſt and moſt peaceable of
ms ompi- all the Kings of Rox that had been , was he that firſt erected the Colledge of theſe Feciales , and
the Colledge did ordain that they ſhould be the Keepers of peace, and the J to hear and allow all the cauſes
of the Fec;= for the which ſhould juſtly begin any wars. Nevertheleſs the Senate in the end turned 0-
ales. ver the ordering of the matter unto the whole will and judgement of the people , before whom
theſe Prieſts Feciales did alſo accuſe Fabins eAmbuſtus, The people made ſo little account of their
propounded Religion , and honour of rhe gods in that caſe, that inſtead of delivering of this Fabix,
unto the enemy , they did chuſe him for one ofthe Tribunes of the Souldiers with his Brothers. The
The Gan!ls GauLs underſtanding this were ſo furious and angry thereat , that they would no longer linger
_ rowards their journeys , but march with all ſpeed unto Rome. The people that dwelt by the High-waies
"me +» wherethey ſhould paſs by, were marvellouſly afraid to ſee the multitude of them , and their brave
and univerſall furniture , and beginning to doubt the fury of their rage, they imagined firſt of all
that they would deftroy all the champion countrey before them, and afterwards would take all the
ſtrong Cities. They contrariwiſe did take nothing at all out of the fields, neither did any hurt or
diſpleaſyre unto any body ; but paſling by their Cities, cried out they went to Rom , and would
have no wars but with the RoMaNEs, and how otherwiſe they deſired to be friends with all the
world, Theſe barbarous people marching onin this wiſe towards Romt , the Tribunes of the Soul-
diers brought their Army to the field ro encounter them. They were no leſs in number then the
The Romgnzs GAULS , for they were 40000 Footmen , howbeit moſt part of them were raw Souldiers , that
Army were had never ſerved in the wars before. They were very careleſs of the gods, and difſolute in matters
-- of foot- of Religion : for they paſſed neither for good ſigns in their Sacrifices , neither to ask counſel of
Tos many ru- their Soothſayers, which the RowaNEs were religiouſly wont to do before they gave any battel ;
lerrof an ar- To make the matter worſe, the number of the Captains having power and authority alike , did as
my*do con- much ( or morethen the reft ) diſorder and confound their doings. For oft times before in far leſſer
found all or- 1:tters and dangers then theſe , they did uſe to chuſe ſpecial Officers that had ſole and ſoveraign
reth the Army authority , which they called D:&ators ; knowing very well of how great importance it is in dan-
in peril, Serous tunes to have but one head and General , ro command all , and to have ſupreme authority of
juſtice in his hands, and not to be bound to deliver account of his doings to any. The injury alſo
which they had too ingratefully dont to Camiliu , brought great miſchief and inconvenience then
upon them. For the Captains after him durſt no more conumand the people roughly , but ever
Allia fl, After did flatter them much. When their Army was now brought into the Field, they encamped
thenuſelves by a little River called A/:a , about the eleventh ſtone from Roms , and not far from
The batte] at. the place where the ſame River falleth into 7 yber. Thither came the barbarous Army to them, who
the _— overthrew them in battel by their diſcord and lack of government : For the left point or wing
ST w2n Of their battel was broken off at the firſt by the GauLs , who charged them ſo furiouſly that
the field of the they drave them headlong into the River. The right wing then retiring out of the plain, before
Romanes. they had any charge given , and having gotten certain hills hard by them , they had linle hurt, and
m6ft of them ſaving themſelves did recover Rom again. The reſt that eſcaped after the enemies
were weary of killing , fed by night unto the City ot VE1zs , thiaking Roms had been loft, and
all the City put to the Sword. Thus overthrow was on the longeſt day in Summer , the Moon being
at the full , and the day before fortuned the great ſlaughter of the Favars , of the which were (lain
by the ThusCANE' in one day 300 all of a Name, The very day it ſelf was afterwards called Al-
liade , of the name of the little River , by the which rhe ſecond overthrow was given, But for the
difference of daies , that ſome of them are naturally unfortunate , or that Heraclirw the Philoſopher
had reaſon to reprove the Poet Heſiodus , for making ſome days good , and ſome days ill , as though
he underſtood they were not all of one nature ; we have written and declared our opinion thereof
in other places, Yet becauſe the matter delivereth preſent occaſion to ſpeak of the ſame , perad-
venture it will not be amiſs to alledge a few examples of it onely. It forruned the BozoT14Nns
on a time to win two honourable ViRtories, onthe firſt day of the Moneth call Hippodromw
(and which the ATHEN1a ws called Hecatombeon ) that is now the Moneth of ?uze, by either of
the which they did till reftore the GxEcrans to their liberry, One was: the battel of Leuc-
TRES , the other was the battel of GzRasTz, which was twenty years before, when they over-
came Dattamins, and the THESSALIANS in batrel. The P:zx 5145 contrarily were overcome
in battel by the GREcrans the ſixth day of Auguſt at the journey bf MazaTtron, The third
day at the battel of P.atzts. And on the ſelf ſame day near unto Mycarta. On the five and
twentieth day at the fight of AxBELEs , the ATHEN1AaNs wan the battel by Sea near unto the
Ule of Naxos , under the charge and government of Chabrias, about the full of the Moon , in the
Moneth of Augsſt. And on the rwentieth of the ſame Moneth , they wan the battel of $a Lamt-
NA ; as we have written more amply in our Hiſtory of difference of daies. - The Moneth of Apri/
alſo brought to the barbarous people many notable loſſes. For Alexander the Great overcame the
General of the King of Pzg$1a , at the field of Gra nica in the ſaid Moneth, The CarTH4-
GINIAN»
CAMILLV'.
CARTHAGINIANS alſo were 139quiſked in;Ca&1Ls by :T.:moleen,, on: the ſeyen and twentieth
day thereof, Qn.which ws ix is thought zhe C iry of Tx9 y was takeny-as Ephorss, Caliſthenes,
Damaſtes, and Phylarchuy , have written jatheir Hiſtories, Now:contrariwile the moneth of July
which the BQz9T1 AN 3, called Pauemys , baih.not been gracious tothe Gzzcrans. For on che
ſeventh day of the ſane they were overthrown by Anripater! as: the baxted of Ca anow, which
was their utter deſtruRtion, . , bad, before alto loſt a battel the ſame moneth, near unto the £< ity
of CHERONE4, by King Phi/xp.. Qu the fame day alſo , and in the very {elf moneth and year ,
thoſe which came into IT 41x with King Archideams; were {hin every one of them, by the barba-
rous people of the Countrey. The CARTHAGINIANS alſo fear the 27 day of the ſame moneth ,
as the day whigh had befoxgume brought thera into many great and ſorrowtull calamities.” . Contra-
rily alſo I know yery well hgw about the Feaſt of Myſteries the City of THz n xs' was deftroyed by
Alexander , and that the ATHENIAN $ were compelled to receive a gariſon of ſouldiers into their
City , abqurthe 20 day of Auguſt, at which time they made the holy proceſſion of the myſteries of
Jacchus, And on the ſelf {ame day the Row a xs loſt their Army , and their General Ceprio, who
was (lain by the CimzREs. And how afterwards under the leading of Lucalius , they overcame
King Tigranes , and the ARMENIANS. And that Arralusand Pompey alſo died both one the ſelf
ſame day they were born, To conclude, infinite examplesof men might be brought, . unto whom after
like revalutiqns of time there happened natable chances of good or ill, But ro return again unto
our Hiſtory. The day of this overthrow is one of thoſe which the Roxma ns take for one of the
unfortunateſt daies that ever came untq them. And by reaſon of that day they reckon two other The roman
daics of every Moneth very unfortunate , engendred through fear and ſuperſtition , which ſpreadeth Superſtition in
far ( as commonly it doth ) upon ſuch ſiniſter misfortunes. But for this matter we have written obſerving of
more largely and exquiſitely in the Book we made , of the Cerergonies and cuſtoms of the Ro. ©®ic%:
MANS. Noy after this baxtel loſt , if the Gaur s had botly purſued the chaſe of their flying enc-
mies , nothing could have ſaved Rows from being taken, and the Inhabitants thereof from being
put unto the Sward , for the Rox a ns that Hed from the battel brought ſuch a fear upon thole
that received them , and filled the whole City of Rows with ſuch griet and trembling , that they
wiſt not what ta do. The harharoys people again belceving little their victory was ſo great as it
Was , fell to make good cheer far io greaz a joy received , and divided among them the ſpoil of
theix enemies goqds they found in the Camp.. Sp gave they time and leiſure by this means, to the
multitude of Peng Hed out of Rows, to {eekthem lame place of fafery , and to ſuch as're-
mained ſtill they left hope to fave themſelves, and ro make ſome proviſion for defence. There-
upon they all forti theryſelves within Mguns Capitoll , and ſtoring it with all kind of victuall, ar-
tour, and raynition, they whely Gio forſake the reft of the City. -But the firſt work they took in
ing
band was this: ; They ring into their ſaid fort ,- part of their ſacred reliques : and the profeſſed
Veſtals broyght thither alſo their holy fire and all other their holy monuments. Some Writers ſay,that The holy fie.
they bad nothing elſe in keeping ,. but the ſempxernal fire , and were ſo conſecrated by King Nama,
who did firſt inſtitute, that e {hauld be worſhipped, as the beginning of all things. For thar it is
the moſt motive and quickeſt ſybftance that is of all naturall things ; notwithſtanding that generati- The force of
on alſa is a moving , or at the leaft not done without motion. For we ſee that all other iubftance fire.
which lacketh heat , remainerh idle and without ation , and ſtirreth not , no more then doth a dead
thing , which cxaveth the force 'and hear of the fire , as the ſoul it ſelf recovering heat , beginneth
ſomewhat tg; move , and diſpoſcth it felf to do and ſuffer ſamerhing. Wherefore Numa being (as
they ſay ) 2 pan of great learning and underſtanding , who for his wiſdom was reported to talk
many times: prich. the Muſes, did conſecrate the ſame as a moſt facred thing , and commanded that
they never ſuffer that fire to go out, but to keep it, as they would preſerve the lively
Image of the gexnal God, the onely King and maker of the world. Others ſay, that the fire burned
continually. there before the holy and ſacred things, ſignifying a kind and manner, of purification ;
which opinion. the Gznctaxs hold alſo; howbeir behind the fame fire there were certain hid-
den things, 'whieh in ao caſe any might ſee bus choſe holy 7ejtal Nuns, Many alſo hold an opinion,
that the Pahadinum of Trax (25 much te ſay as Pellas image ) is hidden alfo there, which was
brought by «zeas into IT.aiy. Other dg report alſo that Dardenxs at that time when he firſt
an to build che C ity af 'Txoy, brought thither the holy Images of the gods of SawOTHRAC1A,
fl bo , them up there , and how e£reas after the Ciry was taken did fteal them away ,
and kept them. ugxill he came to.dwell in IT azy. Some other alſo that take upon them to know
; Tyore therein 'then the common ſort do, bold opinion , that there are wo pipes not very great,
whereof the. one is empty and ſtandeth open, the ather i full and faſt locked up, bowbeic they
are not tg , on bus by theſe holy Nazs. Other think alſo, that theſe imaginers invented
that chey ſpake of. theix own, heads , becaule the Veſtal Nuns did caft all thay they could pur in ac
that Lirge wth rwo-pipes , which they buxicd afrer in the ground , within the Temple of Quirinus -
and therefore p <-f very place. caxricth the ſurname at rhis day of pipes. Howbei: they carried about
ihem/ the moſt ; precious things they bad , ang, fled along the River , where one Lucius Albinus
( ane of the. cop Proper flying alſo, avd haying brought away his Wide and little children , and
acher houſholdfult: be in 3 Cart , by cÞange he lighted upon the Yeftall N ans in the way,
Bui ſa Toon 3s be. perceived: theſe holy IN wws ( carrying the blefled Reliques and Jewels in their
arms dedicated unto- the ſervice of the } all alone, and that they were weary with going 2
fogt ; He cauſed tus Wiſe ang his Children ta came our of the Cart , and took down all his goods
alſo,
a ——
—
CAMILLUS.
alſo ,-and willed them'to-getthem up, and fy into ſome Ciry or Townof Gzz cs, Thus methought
I could not well paſs over with filence , Albinxs reverence and devotion he ſhewed unto the gods in
ſo dangerous a time-and pinch of extremity. Furthermore the Prieſts of other gods, and the moſt
honourableſt old men ofthe City of Roz (that had been Confuls beforerime, or had paſt the honour
of triumph: ) had net the heart to: forſake Roms , but putting'on all their moſt holy robes and veſt=
ments did vow, -and as it were willingly ſacrificed themſelves unto the fortune that ſhould befall them
Þ abiue chief iT tlie ſafery of their Countrey, And uſing certain words and Prayers which their high Biſhop F abi-
Bi ne # bad taught them , they went even thus apparrelled into the great market-place , and did fit them
4 down there in chairs of Iyory, expecting the goodwill and pleaſure of the gods what ſhould become
Rome taken by of them, * But within three daies after Brenn»s came toRoms with his Army , who finding the gates
the Gauls. of the City all open; and the Walls without watch, hedoubred ſome deviſe in it, and feared ſome pri-
vy ambuſh had been laid , as one hatdly beleeving to have found the Romans of ſo baſe a mind
as to forſake their oy : After being informed of the truth, he entred into Rom by the'gate Coli
Fa , and took the ſame little more then 360 years after it was firſt builded , if it be true at the leaſt
that there hath remained. any certain Chronicles of thoſe times unto this preſent day , conſidering
the trouble and confuſion of that time hath made many things more certain then that doubttull unto
us. But ſo it was, that the rumour ran to GREECE incontinently 'how Rome ' was taken, but yer
withall ſomewhat doubtfully and uncertainly. For Heraclides Ponticu(who was about rhat time) ſaith
in a certain Book he wrote of the Soul , that there was news come from the Weft part, that an Ar-
my which came from the Hy PERBORIANS had taken a City of Gxt tc called Row , ſituated
in that- Countrey near the great Sea. But I wonder not that Heraclides ( who hath written ſo many
» £40 other fables and lies ) did amplifie the true news of the taking of Roms , with adding too of his
mu vey Fw own device, of the Hy PERBORIANS, and by the great Sea, It is a moſt true tale, that Ariſtotle the
takino of Rowe Philoſopher had certain knowledge it was taken by the Gaurs 3 howbeit he ſaith alſo it was reco-
Er vered again afterwards by one called Lxcixs ; where indeed it was by Marcus Camillms , and not by
Lucius, But all this in manner is-ſpoken by conje&ture, Moreover Brennus being entred ROME
did appoint part of his ſouldiers to beſiege thoſe which were gotten into Mount Capitoll. And he with
The Majeſty *Þe reſidue of his Army-marched on towards the Market-place , where when he ſaw the ancient Se-
of the old Se- nators fit ſo'gravely intheir chairs, and ſpake never a word, nor offered once to riſe, though they
nators ſetin ſaw their enemies come armed againſt them, neither changed countenance nor colour at all , but lean-
the market- eq ſoftly on their ſtayes they had in their hands , ſeeming to be nothing afraid nor abaſhed , but look-
place of Rome. 1 one upon another , he marvellouſly wondred at it, This their ſo ſtrange manner at the firſt did ſo
damp the GauLs , that for a ſpace they ſtood ſtill , and were in doubt to come near -ro touch them,
fearing leſt they had been ſome gods, untill ſuch time as one of them wenr'boldly unto Marcus Papy
43
ri, and laid his hand fair.and foftly upon his long beard : But P apyrixs, gave him ſuch a rap on th
pate with his Staff, that he made the bloud run about his ears. This barbarous beaft was in ſuch a rage
with the blow, that he drew out his Sword and ſlew him, The other Souldiers alſo Killed-all the reſt
atterwards, and ſo-che GauLs continued many daies ſpoiling and "ſacking all things they found in
the houſes , andintheend did ſer them all one fire, -and deſtroyed them every one , for deſpight of
thoſe that kept the Fort of the Capitoll, and would not yeeld upon their Summons, bur valiantly re-
The City of Pulſed them when they ſcaled the walls. For this cauſe they razed the whole City, and put all to the
Rome razed by Sword that camein their hands, young and old, man, woman, and child. Now this fiege continuing
the Gauls., long , andthe Rong ns bolding them out very ſtoutly , vituals began to grow ſcant in' the Camp
of the Gaur s , inſomuch as they were'driven of foree- to ſeek it abroad without the 'City. Here-
uponthey divided themſelves , whereof ſome remained ſtill with the King-at the Siege of the Capitol),
and the reſt went a forraging and ſpoiling all the Champion Countrey and Villages thereabouts, ſcat-
tered as it were by Bands and Companies , ſome here, ſomethere, fearing nothing, nor paſling upon
watch or ward ,} they lived in ſuch ſecurity of their victory, Howbeit the greateſt company amongſt
them went by fortune towards the Ciry of AxDEa where Camillus dwelt , living like a private man,
medling with no matters of ſtate from the time of his exile untill that: preſent time. ' Bur'then he began
not- to bethink himſelf as a man that: was in _ and might have eſcaped 'the hands of his ene-
mies , but rather ſought- ro deviſe and find out all the means he could to ſubdue them if occaſion
were ſo offered. Whereupon - conſidering that the ' Inhabitants of 'ArxDE x' were enough in
Camilluewords number to ſet upon them, although faint-hearted and © cowardly , by redſon of the floth and
unto the a ng negligence of their Governours and Captains, who had no manner 'of experience in-the wars : he
"Frhe Romans, DEgan to caſt out theſe words among the young -men-:*Thar they ſhould nor think tht' Roma ws
| misfortune fell upon them, through the valiantneſs of the G aur's ; n6r that their calamiry ( who
| had refuſed good counſel )' had happened unto them by-any work or at'of the Gavuis , having
done nothing for theirgpart to make them carry away the rictory , but thar they ſhould think it was
no ether thing, but Fortune alone that would needs-ſhew her power, Therefore* that ir were
now a notable and honourable enterpriſe ( although ſomewhar — to' drive theſe ſtran-
gers and barbarous people put of 'their Countrey ;' conſidering that the onely end'of their viftory
57 ", but to GE —_ . and fireall that fell __ hands. '' Wherefore eo | utgpe? but
amirius per- onely take a lufty and courage unto them , he would with opportuni ſpace, aſſure
ſwaterh the |. them the ria without any danger. The young men were pleaſed wi theſe wonrfs of life and
arms againſt comfort, Whereupon Camellxs went to: break the-matter alſo unto the Magiſtrates and Counſel-
the Gauts, lors ,-and having drawn them by perſwaſion unto this emerpriſe , he armed all chat were of age t0
; | carry
CAMILLU:S.
carry armour, and would not fufter a man to go out of the City for fear teſt che enemies (which
were not far off) ſhould have intelligence of the ſarme. Now after the Gauts had run over all
the Champion Countrey , atid were loaden with all ſorts of ſpoils, they did eticamp themſelves neg-
ligently in open fields, ard vever charged watch nor watd ; but having their full carriage of wine
laid them down tv fleep ; #id made no noiſe at all in theif Camp. Camilluz being advertiſed there-
of by his ſeveral} ſcouts , cauſed the AxDE a ns with as lictle noiſe as might be , forthwith to gs our
into the fields , ahd having marched ſortiewhat roundly the diftance between the City and the
Camp of the' Gauts, they tame thither much about midnight. Then he made his Souldiers
make great ſhots ahd cries 4 and the Trumpetsto be ſounded on every fide, to put a fear in their
enemies , who. yet with all the loud noiſe they made could hatdly be made wake, they were ſo
deadly drunk, Yet there were ſome notwithſtanding that for fear to be caken cardy did buſtle
up at this ſudden noiſe , aid coming to tietwfelves fell to their weapons to refiſt Camus , which
were ſlain by and by. The reſt and the greareſt number of them lay here and there ſcattered in Camillus flew
the midſt. of the field without ahy weapviis dead aſleep, ſtark drunk with wine, and were put to the Gzuls
the Sword ard never ſtrake ſtroek, Theſe that fled but of the Camp that night ( which were bur 22*9 Þy 4rdea
few in number ) were overtlirowh alſo the tiext day by the Horſemen that followed and killed
them as they rook them ſtragling here 4nd there in the Fields. The bruit of this ViRoty was
blown abroad ieontinently through all the Towns and Villages thereabouts, which cauſed many
young men to come and joyn themſelves ro Camilla; : but ſpecially the Romans deſired the
lame , that had ſaved themſelves in the City of Veres , after the Battel loft at Atria , who made
their mones among themſelves there, ſaying, O gods , what a Captain hath Fortune taken from
the City of Ros ? What honour hath the City of Arps x by the yaliantnefs and worthy deeds
of Canillut ; and it the riiean ſeafon his natural City that him fotth is now loſt and ut-
terly deſtroyed? We, for lack of 4 Captain to lead ts are ſhut bp here within others walls, and do no-
thing bur fufter 1T ALY in the treah ſpace to go to ruine and utter deftruRtion before our eyes. Why
then do we tjot ſend ts the ARDEANs for onr Captain? or why do wenot arm'our ſelves to go
unco him? Fox he is now no fiore'2 banithed man, nor we poor Citizens ; firice our City is poſſeſſed
witch the —— of our harefult encthies. So they alf agrecd to this comfel , and ſent unto
Camillu toi befeerh hin ro be their Captain and lead them, But he made anfiver , he would in no
caſe conſent unto it, unleſsthey that were beſieged in the Capitol had fawfulfy firft confirmed it
by their voice. For thoſe ( ſaid he ) ſs long they remain within the Ciry , do repreſent the ſtate
and body thereof, Therefore if they commanded tim to take this charge npon him, he would moſt
willingly obey therti ; if otherwiſe they miflied of ir , thatthenhe would not meddle againſt their
wills and commandment, They hiving received this anſwer , there was not a ROM a x againſt
them bur greatly hotioured ard extolled che wiſdom and juſtice of Camilins, Bur now they knew nor
how to makerhem privy units it that were befreped in the Capitol ; for they ſaw no poſſibility to con-
vey a meſſenger t6 ther, confidering theenemtes were Lords of the City, and laid ſiege to it. Howbe- Pontius Comt-
it there was one Pontias Comtirtone among the young men (a man of a mean houfe, but yer defirous 1s got up in-
of honour and gtory ) thar offered himſelf very willingly co venture to get in'if he coutd, So he rook ©? = Caphol
no' Lerters to/caxtly' ro ther thao were beſieged; for fear left they mighr be intercepted, and ſo they © +
ſhoulddiſcover Camila intention: : but prtting'on an ul favoured gown upon him , he conveyed cer-
tay pieces of eork-under i; and traveling at nhoon-daies kept orr his way without fear untill he came
ta Ro ww, bringing; dark nigtic witty hiny, And becauſe he could nor paſs by the Bridge , for that the
barbarous _— wateh'apon it , ke wrapped fuch clothes as he had about his neck ( which were
not many nor! beavy ) and took the River ,, an! ſwimming with cheſe corks he had brought, at che
_ he got overit# the other fide where the Cizy ſtood. Then rakingup thoſe lanes alwaies where
he thought che-carmies were not , ſeeing fire, and hearing noiſe in other places , he went into the gare
Carmental', where he found more filence there in' other places, on the which ſide alſo the hill of the
( apizol was more ſteep and uptight , by reafoni of the great rocks that were hard ro climb up upon.
But he digged and crept up ſo long among ther, char he gor up with great pain unto the wall of
the fortreſs, on the whicty fide a6 the enemy kept no watch, and ſaluting the Watch of the Capi-
tol , herold them what he was. - So they plucked him up unto them , and brought him to the Magi-
ſtrates char ruled. chem , who-cauſed the Senate to aſſemble preſently , ro whom! he told the news of
Caniluas Victory, whictr they hat notheard of before , and therewith alſo he did declare unto chem
the determinatiou of the Roa v Souldiers that were abroad, which was ro make Caml/zs their Ca-
prain and General, and did perfwade them alſs ro grant him the charge, for that he was the onely man
abroadtwhom the Citizens pave their confentsto obey. - When they heard rhis, all that were within the
C apitob ,” conſulged thereupon amongſt themſelyes', and ſo did chuſe Camillns Ditator, gnd returned
the'Meſſenger Powe ins Communs ack again-the'felf ſame way he came unto them. His fortune in re- Cemillus cho-
turning back-was like unts hiveoihing thither , for the enemies never faw him. And ſo he brought re- = _—
pore c6-themuhar were abroad'; of the Senates-dervee and conſtnt , whereof they were all marvellous 7 FAO
lad, Thus cameCamills ro rake this charge of general upor-Hfiim, and found there were twenty rhou-
and gvod: fighting' men” abroad ,, and well armed, Then gbthe further aid alſo of their allies and
confederares,, and;preparet daily r6- go and: fer upon the enemies. So' was Camilla choſen now
Diftavor the fecond time ,- and went ints the City of Vz1ts where' he fpake with the Rowan
Souldiers that were thers, and-levied a great ndttiber of the allirs* beſides , to go fight with the e-
necties* as ſoo as He: could. But whilelt Cammbro was thus # preparing , cerrain of the _—
| peop
1
|
'
|
U
|
:
'
:
|
|
—
CAMILLUS.
The Gauls
climb upto
the Capitol in
the night.
The holy geeſe
ſaved the Ca-
pitol.
Marcus Manli-
us repulſed the
Gauls from
the Capitol,
The G auls
vexed with the
plague at Rome
The Romans
went about to
red eem their
liberty of the
Gauls with
gold,
people in Ros , walking out b chance on that fide of the Capitol where Pontins Comnzus
had gotten up the night before ſpied in divers places the prints of his feet and hands , as he had
eriped and gotten hold, ftill digging to get up , and ſaw the weeds and herbs alſo growing upon
the rocks, and the earth in like manner flat troden down, Whereupon they went preſently unto
the King to let him underſtand the ſame , who forthwith came to view the place. And having
conſidered it well , he did nothing at that time , but when dark night was come , he called a company
of the lighteſt Gaur s together , and that uſed moſt to dig in mountains, and ſaid unto
them : Our enemies themſelves do ſhew us the way. how to take them, which we could not have
found out but by themſelyes. For they having gone up before us , do give us eafily to underſtand it
is no impoſſible thing for us toclimb up alſo, Wherefore we were utterly ſhamed, having alrea-
dy begun well , if we ſhould fail alſo to end well, and to leave this place as invincible, For if it
were cafie for one man alone, by digging to climb up to the height thereof, much leſs is it hard
for many to get up one after another , ſo that one do help another. Therefore Sirs I affure you,
thoſe that do take pains to get up, ſhall be honourably rewarded, according to their juſt deſert,
When the King had ſpoken theſe words unto the Gaur s , they fell to it luſtily every man to get
up, and about midnight they began many of them to dig , and make ſteps up to therock one atter
another , as ſoftly as could poſſibly , with catching hold the beſt they could , by the hanging of the
rock, which they found yery ſteep , but nevertheleſs eaſier to climb then they took it at the be-
ginning. So that the formoſt of them being come to the top of the rock , were now ready to take the
wall, and to ſet upon the Watch that ſlept ; For there was neither man nor dog that heard them; Ir
chanced then there were holy geeſe kept in the Temple of 740, which at other times were wont to be
fed till their crops were full : But ViRtuals being very ftraight and ſcant at that time even to find the
ren, the poor geeſe were ſo hard handled and 10 little regarded , that they were* in manner ftarved
for lack of mear. This Fowl indeed naturally is very quick of hearing , and ſo is ſhe alſo very
fearfull by nature, and being in manner famiſhed with their hard allowance they were ſo much the more
waking and caſier to. be afraid. Upon this occaſion agg ws brag the coming of the Gaur s,
and alſo began to run up and down and cry for fear ; with which noiſe they did wake thoſe that
were within the Caſtle. The GauLs being bewraied by theſe fooliſh geeſe, left their tealing upon
them , and came in with all the open noiſe and terrour they could; -The Romans hearing this
Alarm, every man took ſucti weapon as came firft to his hand , and they ran ſuddenly to reſcue thar
place from whence they underftood the noiſe , amongſt thoſe the foremoſt man of all was Marcus
Manlius a man that had been Conſul , who had a lufty body , and as ſtout an heart. His hap being
to meet with two of the G auLs. together, as one of them was lifting-up his Ax to knock him on
the head , he prevented him, and ftrake off his hand with his Sword, and clapt his Target on the others
face ſo fiercely , that he threw him backward down the Rock , And coming afterwards unto the wall
with others that ran thither with him, herepulſed the reft of the G aur s, that were gotten up , who
were not many in- number, neither did any great at. Thus the Roma ns having eſcaped this
danger , the next —_—_ they threw. the Captain down the rocks from the caſtle, who had charge
of the watch the night betore , and gave earls in recompence of the good - ſervice he had done, a
more honourable then profitable reward, which was this, Every man,of them gave bim. half a pound
of the Countrey wheat , which they call Far, and the fourth parr of the meaſure of wine , which
the GREc1a ns call Corile; and this might be about a quart, being the ordinary atlowance of eve-
ry man by the day. After this repulſe , the Gaur s began to bedi , partly for that their
victuals failed them , and durſt no more forage abroad in thy fields for fear of Camillas, and panly
alſo for that the plague came amongſt theqp , being lodged amongſt heaps of dead bodies » 78 in
every place above ground without burial , and amongſt burnt houſes deſtroyed , where the aſhes be-
ing blown very high by the wind and vehemency of heat, did give a dry piercing air , that did
marvellouſly poyſon their bodies when they came to draw in the breath of it. But the greateſt
cauſe of all their miſchicf was , the change of their wonted diet.” Who coming out of a freſh
Countrey , where there were excellent pleaſant places 'to retire-unto;, to avoid rthe-diſcommodity
of the parching heat of che Summer , were now in a naughty plain Counttey for them to remain in,
in the latter ſeaſon of the year. All theſe things rogether -did heap: diſeaſes upon- them , beſides the
long continuance, of the ſiege abour the Capitol ( for it was then about the ſeventh moneth ) by
reaton whereof there grew a marvellous death in their Camp, through the great numbers of them
that died daily and lay unburied. But notwithſtanding all the death and trouble of the Gaurs,
the poor beſieged Romans were nothing hopen the more , the - famine did fill grow ſo faſt
upon them. And becanſe they could hear nothing of. Camilus , they were grown-almoſt unto 2
deſpair , and fend unto him they could. not , the Gaurs kept ſo ſtraight watch upgn them. in the
Ciry. Wheftupon both parties finding themſelves in hard tate , firſt'the watch of euher fide began
to caſt out words of peace amongſt themſelves, and afterwards by conſent of the beads , Su/pi-
ris Tribune of the Souldiers came to parly with Breynas. In which parly it was articled, that the
Romans ſhould pay a thouſand pound weight of gold, and that 'the Gaurs ſhould inconti-
nently after the receipt of. the ſame , depart out of their City and all their territories. This Decree
being paſſed by Oath from both , the gold was. brought. And when ir,came to be weighed , the
GauLs at the firſt privily began to. deal falſly with them , -but afterwards they , ſtayed
the ballance, and would not let rhem weigh no more , whereat the Roma began to be angry
with them, Then Brezzus in ſcorn and mockery to deſpight them-more , pluckt off his ſwo =
girdle
CF AEIE SAYS
girdle and all, and put it into the ballance where the gold was weighed. Sulpir;s ſeeing thar, asked
him what he meant by it. Brennus anſwered him : What can it fignifieelſe, bur ſorrow to the van-
quiſhed 2 This wordever after ran as a common Proverb in the Peoples mouthes. Some of the
RomaNs took this vile.part of theirs in ſuch ſcorn, that they would needs take the gold from them
again by force, and ſoreturn into their hold, to abide the ſiege ſtill, as they had done before. O-
ther were of opinion to the contrary, and thought it beſt with patience ro put up this ſcorn of theirs,
and not to think it was a ſhame to pay more than they had promiſed : but onely to pay it by compul-
fion as they did, by misfortune of time, was to think it rather neceſſary, than honourable, And as
they were debating the matter thus, as well amongſt themſelves, as with the GaurLs, (amillus
came to.RomE Gates with his Army, and underſtanding all what had paſſed berween them, he
commanded the reft of the Army to march fair and ſoftly after him in good order, and he in the
mean ſeaſon with the beſt choice men he had, went before with all ſpeed. As ſoon as the other
RomMANS within the Ciry had ſpied him, they ſhouted out for joy, and received him _ one with
great reverence, without any more words, as their Soveraign Captain and Prince, who had power
over them all. And {ami[lzs taking the Gold out of the Scales, . gave it unto his men, and comman-
ded the GauLs prelently to take up the Scales, and to get them going : For, ſaith he, ir is nor
the Romans manner to keep their Countrey with Gold, but with the Sword, Then ZBrenam
began to be hot, and told him, it was not honourably done of him, to break the accord that had
paſſed between them before by oath. Whereupon Camilles ſtoutly anſwered him again, that ac-
cord was of no validity : for he being created' D:(tator before, all other Officers and Magiſtrates what-
ſoever, and their acts, by his ele&tion were made ofno authority. And ſeeing therefore they had
dealt with men that had no power of themſelves to accord to any matter, they were to ſpeak to him,
if they required ought : for he alone had abſolute authority to pardon them if they repented, and
would ask it : or elſe to puniſh them, and make their bodies anſwer the damages and lofs his Coun-
trey had by them ſuſtained. Theſe words made 'Brennus madas a March Hare, that out went his blade.
Then they drew their Swords. of all fides, and laid luſtily one at another as they could, within the
houſes, and in open-ſtreets, where they could fe no Battle in order, But Brennxs ſuddenly remem-
bring himſelf, that it was no even match for him, retired with his men abour him into his Camp,
before he had loſt many of his People. The next night following. he departed out of Rows with
all his Army, and went to encamp himſelf about threeſcore furlongs from thence, in the high
way that goeth towards the City of the Gan1ans. (amillas with his whole Army well appoin-
red, went after him immediately, and ſhewed at bis Camp by the break of day; The Romans
having taken heart again unto them, did luſtily give them bartle : rhe ſame continued long , very
cruel and donbtfull, untill the Gaurs at the length were overthrown, and their Camp taken
with great ſlaughter. As for thoſe that did eſcape the fury of the Battle, they were killed, ſome by
the RomANs ſelves, who hotly followed the chaſe after the Battle broken ; the refidue of them,
and the greateſt part, were ſlain by thoſe of the Cities and Villages near abouts, that did ſer up-
on them as they fled ſcatteringly here and there in the Fields, And thus was the City of Ro» s
ſtrangely again recovered that was before ſtrangely won and loſt, after it had continued ſeven
moneths in the hands of the barbarous People. For they entred Ros about the fifteenth day of
July : and they were driven out again about the thirteenth day of February following. So Camil-
lus triumphed as beſeemed him, and as one that had ſaved and delivered his Countrey out of the
hands of their Enemies, and ſet Roms again at liberty. Thoſe that had been abroad all the time
of this Siege, came into Rome again, following his triumphing Chariot : and thoſe that had been
beſieged within the Capitol (looking for no other but to have died by famine) went and preſented
themſelves before him, and each one embraced other, in weeping wiſe for joy. The Prieſts and
Miniſters of the Temples alſo, preſented their holy Jewels, whole and undefaced, which ſome of them
had buried in the ground within the City ſelf : and other ſome had carried away with them, when
they fled our of Rome. All theſe the People did as gladly ſee, as if the gods themſelves had re-
turned home again into their City, After they had facriticed unto the gods, and rendred them
moſt humble thanks, and had purged their City, as they had been taught by men experienced in
thoſe matters for fatisfaRion of the gods, Camillus began again to build up the Temples that were
there before, hard by the which he built another new one alſo tothe god «Aus Locating, in thar
very place where e Marcus Ceditins heard the voice warn him of the coming of the Gaurs,
S0 by (amillus good diligence, and the Prieſts great pain and travell, the ſituations of theſe Tem-
ples were with much ado found out again. Bur-when they were to build again allthereſt of the
City, that was wholly burnt and deſtroyed to the ground, the People had no mind to it, butever
ſhrinked back to put any hand to the Work, for that they lacked all things neceſſary to begin the
ſame, Furthermore, weighing their late and long ſuſtained trouble and mileries, they were fitter to
take their eaſe and reſt, then ro begin new labour and toil, to kill their hearts and bodies altoge-
ther, For neither were their bodies able to perform it, nor yet their goods to reacty to the charge
of it, Wherefore diſpoſing their minds to dwell in the City of Ve1ts, which remained whole,
2 pm CD © CEL W A As
0; RO.
ſpoken againſt (amillus, which were theſe : That for his private ambition he would deprive *
M their
untouched , and furniſhed of all things to receive them, they delivered to the pratling Orators «,., -.
( whoſe tongues did never ceaſe to ſpeak placentia to the People) trim occaſion to fer this g.4 Orators
matter abroach, $o they gave good care, and were willing to hear certain ſeditions words fir the People
— — —_ — —
Camillus camo
to Rame with
his Army,
Camillus ſpea-
keth ſtoutly to
Brennus King
of the Gauls.
Camillus overs
throweth the
Army of tha
Gauls,
Rome was (e<
ven moneths
in the hands of
the Gauls.
Camillus tri-
umphed of the
Gauls,
h2z-
o tumulr a-
them of a City well furniſhed already, and would againſt their wills compel themto lodge in 83" Cami?
CAMILLUS.
people in Rome , walking out by chance on that fide of the Capitol where Pontins Commins
had gotten up the Cn pied in divers places the prints of his feet and hands, as he had
griped and gotten hold, ſtill digging nu up , and ſaw the weeds and herbs alſo growing upon
the rocks, and the earth in like manner flat troden down, Whereupon they went preſently unto
the King to let him underſtand the ſame , who forthwith came to view the place. And having
conſidered it well , he did nothing at that time , but when dark night was come , he called a company
of the lighteſt GauL s together, and that uſed moſt ro dig in mountains, and ſaid unto
them : Our enemies themſelves do ſhew us the way. how to take them, which we could not have
found out but by themſelves. For they having gone up before us , do give us eaſily to underſtand it
is no impoſſible thing for us to climb up alſo. Wherefore we were utterly ſhamed , having alrea-
dy begun well , if we ſhould fail alſo to end well, and to leave this place as invincible. For if it
were cafie for one man alone, by digging to climb up to the height thereof , much les is it hard
for many to get up one after another , ſo that one do help another. Therefore Sirs 1 aflure you,
thoſe that do take pains to get up, ſhall be honourably rewarded, according to their juſt deſert,
The Gauls When the King had ſpoken theſe words unto the Gaur s , they fell ro it luſtily every man to get
| _ upto. up, and about midnight they began many of them to dig , and make ſteps up to therock one atter
the _ i" another , as ſoftly as could poſſibly , with catching hold the beſt they could , by the hanging of the
" rotk, which they found very ſteep , but nevertheleſs eaſter to climb then they took it at the be-
ginning. So that the formoſt of them being come to the top of the rock , were now ready to take the
wall, and to ſet upon the Watch that ſlept ; For there was neither man nor dog that heard them. Ir
chanced then there were holy geeſe kept in the Temple of 7uno, which at other times were wont to be
fed till their crops were full : But Victuals being very ftraight and ſcant at that time even to find the
ren, the poor geeſe were ſo hard handled and {fo little regarded , that they were in manner ftarved
for lack of mear. This Fowl indeed naturally is very quick of hearing , and ſo is ſhe alſo very
fearfull by nature, and being in manner famiſhed with their hard allowance they were ſo much the more
waking and eaſier to. be afraid. Upon this occaſion therefore they heard the coming of the Gaur s,
and alſo began to run up and down and cry for fear z with which noiſe they did wake thoſe that
| c, Were within the Caſtle. The Gaurs being bewraied by theſe fooliſh geeſe, left their ſtealing upon
ognd oy them , and came in with all the open noiſe and terrour they could; . The Romans hearing this
pitol. Alarm, every man took ſucli weapon as came firft to his hand , and they ran ſuddenly to reſcue that
place from whence they underftood the noiſe ; amongſt thoſe the foremoſt man of all was Marcus
Marcus Manli- Manlixs a man that had been Conſul , who had a lufty body , and as ſtout an heart. His hap being
us repulſed the tg meet with two of the G auLs. together, as one of them was lifting up his Ax to knock him on
= hr the head , he prevented him, and ftrake off his hand with his Sword, and clapt his Target on the others
pit” face ſo fiercely, that he threw him backward down the Rock , And coming afterwards unto the wall
with others that ran thither with him, he repulſed the reft of the G aux s, that were gotten up , who
were not many in number, neither did any great at. Thus the Romans having eſcaped this
danger , the next morning they threw the Captain down the rocks from the caſtle, who had charge
of the watch the night betore , and gave fenlixs in recompence of the good ſervice he bad done, a
more honourable then profitable reward, which was this , Every man,of them gave him half a pound
of the Countrey wheat , which they call Far, and the fourth part of the meaſure of wine , which
the GREc1a Ns call Corile, and this might be about a quart, being. the ordinary atlowance of eve-
ry man by the day. After this repulſe , the GauLs began to bedi , partly for that their
Ee Cs mon _ = , and durſt no are forage re ode ne fields —_ fear = —_— _ panly
ws alſo for that the plague came amo ep , bet amongſt heaps bodies , lying in
agua Rowe place above ground without burial , and amongſt burnt houſes deftroyed , where the 2s. bu
ing blown very high by the wind and vehemency of heat , did give a dry piercing air , that did
marvellouſly poyſon their bodies when they came to draw in the breath of it. But the greateſt
cauſe of all their miſchief was , the change of their wonted diet.” Who coming out of a freſh
Countrey , where there were excellent pleaſant places'to retire unto), to avoid the diſcommodiry
of the parching heat of the Summer , were now in a naughty plain Counttey for them to remain in,
in the latter ſeaſon of the year. All theſe things rogether -did heap: diſeaſes upon- them , beſides the
long continuance. of the ſiege about the Capitol ( for it was then about the ſeverith moneth ) by
reafon whereof there grew a marvellous death in their Camp, through the great numbers” of them
that died daily and lay unburied. But notwithſtanding all the death and trouble of the GauLs,
the poor beſieged Romans were nothing hopen the more , the - famine did fill grow ſo faſt
upon them. And becauſe they could hear nothing of. Cami#us , they were grown-almoſt unto 2
deſpair , —: unto him they could. not , the Gaurs kept ſo ſtraight watch upgn them in the
City. Wheftupon both parties finding themſelves in hard Rate, firſt'the watch of ether fide began
to caſt out words of peace amongſt themſelves, and afterwards by conſent of the heads , Su/ps-
| ris Tribune of the Souldiers came to parly with Breynas. In which parly it wasarticled, that the
4 onqe-8 Romans ſhould pay a thouſand pound weight of gold, and that 'the Gaurs ſhould inconti-
redeem theix Pently after the receipt of. the ſame , depart our of their City and all their territories. This Decree
liberty of the being paſſed by Oath from both , the gold was. brought. And when ir;;came to be weighed , the
Gaulswith GAULS at the firſt privily. began to. deal falſly with them , - but -afterwards they , ſtayed
gold, the ballance, and would not let rhem weigh no more , whereat the Roma x s began to be ang
with them. Then ZBrezzs in ſcorn and mockery to deſpight them-more , pluckt off his ſwo =
| = 5 girdle
=)
=» << fo @ IO
C. 4 1:4 & Þ£
girdle and all, and put it into the ballance where the gold was wales, Sulpitizs ſeeing thar, asked
him what he meant by it. Brenns anſwered him ; What can it fignifieelſe, bur ſorrow to the van-
quiſhed 2 This word ever after ran as a common Proverb in the Peoples mouthes. Some of the
Romans took this vile-part of theirs in ſuch ſcorn, that they would needs take the gold from them
again by force, and ſo return- into their hold, to abide the ſiege ſtill, as they had done before. O-
ther were of opinion to the contrary, and thought it beſt with patience to put up this ſcorn of theirs,
and not to think it was a ſhame to pay more than they had promiſed : but onely ro pay it by compul-
fion as they did, by misfortune of time, was to think it rather neceſſary, than honourable. And as
they were debating the matter thus, as well amongſt themſelves, as with the Gaurs, (amillus
— ———— ———_
Camillus cara
came to. RomE Gates with his Army, and underſtanding all what had paſſed berween them, he +, 8 ms with
commanded the reſt of the Army to march fair and fſottly after him in good order, and he in the his Army.
mean ſeaſon with the beſt choice men he had, went before with all ſpeed. As ſoon as the other
RoMANS within the Ciry had ſpied him, they ſhouted out for joy, and received him my one with
great reverence, without any more words, as their Soveraign Captain and Prince, whg had power
over them all, And {amillus taking the Gold out of the Scales, . gave it unto his men, and comman-
ded the GauLs prelently to take up the Scales, and to get them going : For, faith he, ir is noc
the Romans manner to keep their Countrey with Gold, but with the Sword, Then Brenan
began to be hot, and told him, it was not honourably done of him, to break the accord that had
paſſed between them before by oath. Whereupon Camillxs ſtoutly anſwered him again, that ac- Comillus ſpea-
cord was of no validity : for he being created Dittator before, all other Officers and Magiſtrates what- kth ftourly ro
ſoever, and their acts, by his ele&tion were made ofno authority. And ſeeing therefore they had
dealt with men that had no power of themſelves to accord to any matter, they were to ſpeak to him,
if they required ought : for he alone had abſolute authority to pardon them if they repented, and
would ask it : or elſe to puniſh them, and make their bodies anſwer the damages and loſs his Coun-
trey had by them ſuſtained. Theſe words made 'Brennus madas a March Hare, that out went his blade.
Then they drew their Swords. of all fides, and laid luſtily one at another as they could, within the
houſes, and in open-ſtreets, where they could ſet no Battle in order. But Brennus ſuddenly remem-
bring himſelf, that it was no even match for him, retired with his men about him into his Camp,
before he had loſt many of his People. The next night following. he departed out of Roms with
all his Army, and went to encamp himſelf about threeſcore furlongs from thence, in the high
way that goeth towards the City of the Gan1ans. (amillas with his whole Army well appoin-
red, went after him immediately, and ſhewed at his Camp by the break of day; The Romans
having taken heart again unto them, did luſtily give them bartle : the ſame continued long , very
cruel and donbtfull, untill the Gaurs at the length were overthrown, and their Camp taken
Brennus King
ot the Gauls.
Camillus over-
with great ſlaughter. As for thoſe that did eſcape the fury of the Battle, they were killed, ſome by throweth the
the RomaANs elves, who hotly followed the chaſe after the Battle broken : the reſidue of them,
and the greateſt part, were lain by thoſe of the Cities and Villages near abouts, that did ſer up-
on them as they fled ſcatteringly here and there in the Fields, And thus was the City of Row
ſtrangely again recovered that was before ſtrangely won and loſt, after it had continued ſeven
Army of tho
Gauls,
R ome was fe<
moneths in the hands of the barbarous People. For they entred Ro about the fifteenth day of ven moneths
July : and they were driven out again about the thirteenth day of February following. So Camil- i" the hands of
lus triumphed as beſeemed him, and as one that had ſaved and delivered his Countrey out of the the Geulr.
hands of their Enemies, and ſet Roms again at liberty. Thoſe that had been abroad all the time
Camillus tri-
umphed of the
of this Siege, came into Rome again, following his triumphing Chariot : and thoſe that had been Guts,
beſieged within the Capitol (looking for no other but to have died by famine) went and preſented
themſelves before him, and each one embraced other, in weeping wiſe for joy. The Prieſts and
Miniſters of the Temples alſo, preſented their holy Jewels, whole and undefaced, which ſome of them
had buried in the ground within the Ciry ſelf : and other ſome had carried away with them, when
they fled our of Roms. All theſe the People did as gladly ſee, as if the gods themſelves had re-
turned home again into their City, After they had facrificed unto the gods, and rendred them
moſt humble thanks, and had purged their City, as they had been raught by men experienced in
thoſe matters for ſatisfaRtion of the gods, Camilus began again to build up the Temples that were
there before, hard by the which he built another new one alſo tothe god «Aus Locating, in that
very place where eAMarcus Ceditins heard the voice warn him of the coming of the Gaurs,
So by (amillus good diligence, and the Prieſts great pain and travell, the ſituations of theſe Tem-
ples were with much ado found out again. But-when they were to build again allthe reſt of che
City, that was wholly burnt and deſtroyed to the ground, the People had no mind to it, butever
ſhrinked back to put any hand to the Work, for that they lacked all things neceſſary to begin the
ſame, Furthermore, weighing their late and long ſuſtained trouble and miſeries, they were fiter to
take their eaſe and reſt, then ro begin new labour and toil, to kill their hearts and bodies altoge-
ther, For neither were their bodies able to perform it, nor yet their goods to reacty to the charge
of it, Wherefore diſpoſing their minds to dwell in the City of V £1ts, which remained whole,
untouched , and furniſhed of all things to receive them, they delivered to the pratling Orators +, ., -.
( whoſe tongues did never ceaſe to ſpeak placentia to the People) trim occaſion to fer this 4
hea-
2d Orators
matter abroach, So they gave good care, and were willing to hear certain ſeditions words fiir the People
Poken againſt {amillus, which were theſe : That for his private ambition he would deprive to tumulr a-
them of a City well furniſhed already, and would againſt their wills compel themto lodge in 83" Camilr
M their
126 CAMILLUS.
their own Houſes, wholly burnt and pulled down. And moreover, that he would make them t6
raiſe up again the great ruine the fire had made, ro the end the People might cal him, nor onely
Captain and Generall of the ROxa xs, but the Founder of Romt alſo, and ſo drown Romyly;
honourable Title thereof, The Senate conſidering of this matter, and fearing ſome cumult among
Camillus Ni- the People, they would not ſuffer {amillus to leave the Didtatorſhip before the end of the year,
catorſhip pro- notwithſtanding no man ever enjoyed thar Office above fix Moneths, Then Camillus for his part
_ did much endeavour himſelf, ro comfort and appeaſe the People, praying them all he could to tarry:
and further pointed with his finger unto the graves of their Anceſtors, and pur them in mind ao
of the holy places dedicated to rhe gods, and ſanftified by King ma, or by Romulus, or by
] other. Kings. But amongſt many other tokens drawn out of holy and Divine things, he forgar
dwellin Rone, ngt to bring for example, the head of a man found new and freſh, in making the foundation of the
-— wy wy Capitol, as if that place by fatal deſtiny had been once choſen ro be the head and chief of all
: ITALY. And moreover, that the holy fire of the goddeſs Yeſta (which fince the Wars had
been kindled again by the holy Yeſtal Nuns) would again come to be pur out by them, if they did
forſake their natural Ciry : beſides the great ſhame and diſhonour it would be unto them, to ſee it
inhabited in time to come by unknown ſtrangers, or elſe to be left a common field and paſture, for
Beaſts and Cattle to graze in : Such ſorrowfull examples and griefs, the honeſt natural born Ci-
tizens, did ever blow into the Peoples ears, as well privately as openly. The People again to the
contrary, did make their hearts to yerne for pity, when they laid before their eyes their penury and
poverty they ſuſtained : and beſought them alſo not to enforce them to gather and join together
again the broken pieces of a ſpoiled City: (as of a Shipwrack that had caſt them naked into the
Sea, having onely ſaved bare life and perſons) fince that they had another Ciry near art hand and
ready to receive them. So (amillus counſel was, that the Senate ſhould conſult upon this matter,
and deliver their abſolute opinion herein : which was done. And in this Council , he himſelf
brought forth many probable reaſons, why they ſhould not leave in any cafe, the place of their na-
rural birth and Countrey : and ſo did many other Senators in like caſe, favouring that opinion, Laſt
of all, after theſe perſwaſions, he commanded Lucius Lucrerine (whoſe manner was to ſpeak firſt
in ſuch Aſſemblies) that he ſhould ftand up and deliver his opinion, and that the reft alſo in order as
they ſate, ſhould ſay their minds. So every man keeping filence, as Lucretins was ready to ſpeak,
at the preſent time there paſſed by their Council-houſe, a Captain with his Band that warded that
day, who ſpake aloud ro his Enſign-bearer that went formoft, to ſtay, and ſet down his Enſign
there+ Far, {aid he, here is a very good place for us to dwell in. Thele words being heard up into
the Senate-houſe, even as they ſtood all in a doubt and maze what would be the reſolution of this
matter, Zucretins began to lay, that he moſt humbly thanked the gods , and allowed of the Cap-
tains judgement, and ſo every one of the reſt in their order, ſaid as much, Moreoyer there was a
' wonderfull change andalteration of mind _— among the common People : for every man did
Rome is built perſwade and encourage his fellow lively to put his hand to this work. Inſomuch as tarrying for no
_ diviſion or appointing out of ftreets, nor ſetting out every man his place he ſhould build in, they fell
to work of all hands, every one chuſing that place he liked beft, and was moſt commodious for their
building, without any other" order or diviſion amongft 'them. Whereupon, they running to this
Building on a head, the ftreets were confuſed on heaps together, and their houſes all built out of or-
Rome was new der and uniformity. For the report goeth, that the whole Ciry (as well common as private Build-
built again in ings) was built up new again ina year, Burt the Surveyors, to whom {mils had given charge to
a year, find out all the holy places where the Temples had been overthrown, as =- were about Mount
Palatine, they came by chance to the place, where the Chappel of «Har: had ſtood, which the
«GaurLs had wholly burnt and deftroyed, as they had done all the reft. They making clean the
place, and ny gy, corner, did find by chance Romulus Augures crooked ſtaff hidden under
Romulus Au- © great mount of aſhes,” This ſtaff is crooked at one of the ends, and they call it Zirwws, which
res ftaf Soothlayers douſero quarter out the Regions of the Element, when rhey will behold the flying of
Pund whole Birds totell of things ro come. Romulus that was very skilfull in this arr, did uſe this ſtaff: and af-
after Rome ter he was taken away from all mens fights, the Priefts rook it, and kept it asa holy Relick, ſuffer-
was burnt. {ng no creature to lay hands on it. Now when they found this ſtaff whole and unbroken, where all
things elſe. were conſumed and periſhed by fire, they were in a marvellous joy thereat : for they in-
texpreted this to be a ſign of the everlaſting continuance of the City of Rows. Bot before they
could make an end of all their building, there grew a new War again upon them. For at one very
inſtant, all the Aquzs, the VoLscss, and the LaTt1ns, entred with all their might and main
into the Territories of the Romans. The Txuscans alſo went then and befieged Surx1-
uM, that was in league and amity with the Roma ns. The Tribun militares got them ftraight to
the Field with their Army, and encamped about Mount eHartian. The Latins beſieged them
ſo ſtraightly, that their Army ſtood in great danger to be overthrown, and they were driven to ſend
Camillus cho- £0 ROME for-a new ſupply. Thereupon the Romans did choofe Camillus Difator again the
ſen Diftator third time. The occaſion of this War is reported two manner of ways : whereof T will declare
the third time. the firſt, which I do conceive to be buta tale, They ſay the Lat1Ns ſent unto the Romans, 10
demand ſome of their free Maidsin marriage: which they did either ro make a quarrel of War,
elſe as deſirous indeed to join both the Peoples again by new marriages. The Romans were
amazed very much at this, and ſore troubled, as not knowing how to anſwer them, rhey were ſo afraid
of Wars, For they were yet ſcant new ſettled at home, and dreaded much left this demand of __
| Daugi-
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CAMILLUS. 127
—— — ——
— —— —
N—_————_ —
Daughters, was but a Summons made to give them Hoſtages, which they finely cloaked under the
name of alliancein Marriage. Some fay that there was at that time a Bond-maid called Tutola, or Tuto!: or Phi-
as ſome ſay , Ph:lotss , that went unto the Senate, and counſelled them they ſhould ſend ber away fotis cratt and
with ſome other fair Maid-ſlaves, dreſſed up like Genzlewomen, and then ler her alone, The Se. {iii y.
— OD
nate liked very well of this device, and choſe ſuch a number of Bond-maids as ſhe defired to have, 4
and trimming them up in fine Apparel, begawded with Chains of Gold and Jewells, they ſent them
forth to the LaT1Nns, who were encamped not far from the Ciry, When night was come, the )
other Maids hid their Enemies Swords. But this Ttola, or Philoris (call her as youwill) did climb
up to the top ofa wild _— from which ſhe ſhewed a burning Torch unto the Roma ns, ha-
ving made ſhift to hang ſomewhar- behind her, to keep the light from fight of the Enemies. For
this ſignal the Senate of Roe had ſecretly appointed her to fet up, which was the cauſe that the
iſſuing out of the Souldiers, being commanded ro g0 out in the night, was full of trouble and tumulr,
For being preſſed by their Captains, they called one another, and there was a great ado to put them
inorder of Battle, Thus they went to rake their Enemies ſleeping, who noching miſtruſting the þ,,,, 4.110114
ſame, were ſlain the moſt part of them within cheir Camp. This was done on the fifth day ofthe from Wars by
Moneth called then Q«inrilis, and now is named July : at which time they do yer celebrate a certain Tutols the
Feaſt in remembrance of that a&, For firſt of all, going our 0: the Ciry, they call aloud many of Bond-maid.
their fellows names which are moſt common : as Cains, Marcus, and Lucius, thewing thereby how
one of them called another after that ſort, as they went in grear-haſte-our of the City, Afterwards
all the Maid-ſervants of the City being trimly apparelled, go playing up and down the Town, plea- The Maids
ſantly jeſting with thoſe they meet : and in the end they make as though they fought rogether, in Feaſt, called
roken that they did help the Romans at that time to deſtroy the LaT1Ns. Then they are fea- None Capratis
ſted, ſitting under Bowers made with wild Fig-tree boughs : and this Feaſt is called None Caprati-
ne, by reaſon: of the wild Fig-tree (as ſome think) from the top whereof, the Bond-maid ſhewed
to the Romans the burning Torch. Forthe Roma xs call the wild Fig-tree, Caprificus. Other
ſay, that all theſe things are done and ſpoken in remembrance of the miſchance that happened unto
Romulus, when he was taken out of their ſight, the ſame day without the Gates of the City, at
which timethere aroſe a ſudden miſt and dark cloud. Or as ſome other ſay, that then was the Eclipſe
of the Sun : and they hold opinion that the day was named None Capratine, becauſe Capra in the
Roman Tongue, fignifieth a Goat. Romulus vaniſhed out of mens ſights, as he was making an O-
ration unto his People, near unto the place which is called Goar-marſh, - as we have mentioned more
at large in his life. The ſecond occaſion and beginning of this War (according to the opinion of
moſt V/riters) was, that Camillus being choſen Di&ator the third time, and knowing that the Trib,
militares with their Army were ſtraightly belieged by the Laz1ns and VoLsces, he wasenfor-
ced to armall the old men, who for very age were priviledged from further ſervice in Wars. And
having fetched a = compaſs abour Mount e Martian, becauſe he would not be ſeen of his Ene-
mies, he came to lodge his © amp behind them, where he raiſed fires, to make the Ro ma ns know
that were beſieged, that he was come : which as (oon as they perceived, they took to them courage
again, and determined to fight, But the LaTiNs and VoLsces kept within their Camp,
and did intrench and fortifie themſelves with a Wall of Wood, which they laid acroſs, becauſe they
ſaw they were beſet both before and behind : and determined to tarry the reliet of a new ſupply,
as well of their own, as of ſome other aid beſides from the THuscans : which thing Camzllus
perceiving, and fearing leſt they ſhould ſerve him, as he had m—_ handled them, by compaſling
of him again behind, he thought it neceſſary to prevent this. So conſidering the incloſure and forti-
fication of their Camp was all of Wood, and that every morning commonly, there came a great Camillus {tra-
wind from the fide of the Mountains, he made proviſion of a number of fire-brands. And lead- tagem againii
ing out his Army into the Fields by break of day, he appointed one part of them to give charge *5* Letins and
upon the Enemies on the one fide, with great noiſe and ſhouting : and he with the other part determi- Valſces,
ned to raiſe fire on the contrary ſide, from whence the wind ſhould come, looking for opportunity
todo the ſame, When he ſaw the Sun up, and the wind beginning to whiſtle, blowing a good
gale from the ſide of the hills, and that the skirmiſh was begun on the other fide : then he gave a
lignal unto the Company he led with him, ro ſet uponthe Enemies, and made them throw into the
incloſure of their Camp, divers pots and darts with fire, ſo that che flame finding matter to catch
hold of, in this incloſure of Wood, and Trees laid overthwart, did raiſe ſtraight anexceeding great
me in the air, and till got way inwards into the Lat1Ns Camp. Whereupon the Latrixs
being unprovided of preſent rem y to quench the flame, and ſeeing their Camp a hire all about their
ears, they gathered themſelves together at the firſt in a very ſmall room. Nevertheleſs, they
were enforced in the end to get them into the Field, and there they found their Enemies ready armed,
and in battle ray, So as few of thoſe eſcaped that came into the Field, and their fellows that re- C4nilus flew
mained within their Camp, were burnt to death with fire, untill the Roma Ns themſelves came to the Latine.
quench it, for greedineſs of their ſpoil and goods. When all this was done, Camillys left his Son
n the Camp, to keep the priſoners and ſpoils : and he himſelf, with the reſt of the Army, went
to invade his Enemigs Countrey,. where he took the City of Aques. Then after he had overcome Cami: rock
the VoLsczs, heled his Army preſently from thence unto the Ciry of Sur zzum. For he had not hz City of
yet heard of their misfortune. Therefore he haſted himſelf to aid them, becauſe he thought they were yer #1
belieged by the THus ca ns, But ſuch was their hard fortune, that they had already yielded up their
City by compoſition, and ſaved no part of their goods, bur the very clothes they had on their backs.
M.2 So
-
128 "CHMNILLEVS.
So being turned out of allthey had, they met {{amillus by the way as they were wandring abroad,
- lamenting their miſery with their Wives and little young Children : whoſe miſery went to the very
heart of {amillus, when he beheld their lamentable ſtate, Furthermore , when. he ſaw the Ro-
MANS weep for pity alſo, to ſee the moan that theſe unfortunate People made unto him , and
that ir grieved them heartily to behold their great miſchance ; he determined with himfelf not to de-
ter revenge, but preſently to go the ſelf-ſame day before the City of SuTz1uM , imagining thar
he ſhould find the Thusca ns out of order, without keeping watch, and attending nothing bur
making good chear, becauſe they had newly taken a wealthy rich Ciry, where they had left never an
Enemy in the ſame to hurt them, neither feared any abroad to come near to aſſault them. And in-
deed it fell out rightly as he gueſſed. For he had not- onely paſſed through the Territories of the
City, without any intelligence given to the Enemies within the ſame : but he was come to the very
Gates, and had taken the Walls before they heard any thing of his coming, by reaſon they neither
kept Watch nor Ward, but were diſperſed abroad in the City, in every houle, eating and drinking
drunk together. Inſomuch as when they knew their Enemies were already within the City, they
were ſo full fraught with Meat and Wine, that the moſt of their wits ſerved them not ſo much as to
Camillus wan fly, but tarried untill they were (lain or raken, like Beaſts in the Houſes, Thus was the City ot Su-
the City of TR1UM twice taken in one day. And it chanced that thoſe which had won it, loſt it ; and thoſe
Surrium. which had loſt it, recovered it again by {amillus means, who deſerved both the honour and entry
of triumph into Rom : the which wan him no leſs good will and glory, than the two firſt before
had done praiſe, and gotten farue, For even his greateſt Enemies that moft ſpited and envied his for-
mer noble a&s, aſcribing them rather to Fortune that favoured him, than to his valiantneſs or wor-
thineſs, were forced now by this deed of his to confeſs, that his wiſdom and valiantneſs deſer-
ved praiſe and commendation to the skies, (Aamillus of all his Enemies had one moſt bitter to him,
Marcus Manli- Which was e Marcus eManlins, that was the firſt man that gave the Gaur s the repulſe that night
us Capitolinus they had entred the Walls of the Capitol, and had thought to have taken it : whereupon they gave
moveth ſediti- him the ſurname of Capirolinus. He aſpiring to be the chief of the City, and finding no dire& way
_ to exceed the glory of {amsllxs, teok the broad High-way of them that praiſe Tyranny, For
£1 ang Þe began to flatter the common People, and ſpecially thoſe that were indebted : he took upon him
h pocrifi to defend their cauſes, and pleaded their caſe at the bar againſt their Creditors, Sometimes he
\7Fneth the took the Debtors out of the Creditors hands, and carried them away by force, that for lack of
multitude and ability to pay were by rigour of the Law condemned to be Bond-ſlaves. But by this praQtice, in
common Pe%- ſhoxt time he got him'a marvellous number of ſuch needy followers, and poor men, that the Noble
= men and honeſt Citizens were afraid of the inſolent parts they played, and of the continual ttou-
bles and tumults they daily ſtirred up in the Market-place, Therefore ſuſpeRing the worſt in this
Manlius clape Caſe, they did chooſe Quintus Capitolinus Dittator : who cauſed the ſaid eHanlins immediately
in priſon by £0 be apprehended, and committed ro priſon, Whereupon the People began to change their Appa-
9. Capitolinns rel ; which they were never wont to do, but in great and common calamities. But the Senate
Di&ator, fearing left ſome commotion would riſe hereupon, they” did ſer him at liberty again, He being
thus out of priſon, was no whit the better, nor wiſer thereby, but did till ſtir up the Commons,
Cemillus cho- More boldly and ſediriouſly than before. Then was {amillus choſen again Tribunus militars ,
ſen again Tri- and eManlizs was accuſed in his time of Office, Burwhen the matter came to pleading, the ſight
bunus milit2ris of the Capitol troubled his Accuſers much, For the very place it ſelf where e aniline bad repul-
ſed. the Gaurs by night, and defended the Capitol , was eaſily ſeen from the Market-place,
where the matter wasa hearing ; and he himſelf pointing with his hand, ſhewed the place unto
the gods, and weeping tenderly, he laid before them the remembrance of the hazard of his life, in
fight for their ſatety. This did move the Judges hearts to pity, ſo as they knew not what to do,
but many times they did put over the hearing of his caſe unto another day , and neither wauld
they give judgement, knowing he was convicted by maniteft proofs : neither could they uſe the
ſeverity of che Law upon him, becauſe the place of his ſo notable good ſervice was ever till before
their eyes. Wherefore Camillus finding the cauſe of delay of Juſtice, did make the place of Judge-
ment to be removed without the City, into a place called the Wood Perelian, from whence they
could not ſee the Capitol, And there the Accuſers gave apparent evidence againft him : and the
Judges conſidering all his wicked praQtiſes, conceived a juſt cauſe to puniſh him, as he had deſer-
Marcus Manl;. Ved. So they gave fentence of death againft him : that he ſhould be carried to the Mount-Capitol,
zus Capitolinus 20d there to be thrown down headlong the Rocks thereof, Thus, one and the ſelf-place was 3
put todeath, memory both of his notable good ſervice; and alſo of his miſerable and unfortunate end. Beſides
all this, they razed his houſe, and built in the ſame place a Temple to the goddeſs they call X-
neta: and made a Law alſo, that no Patrician from thenceforth ſhould dwell any more in the
Mount-Capitol. Camillxs after this, being called again to take the Office of Tribunus militar i the
ſixth time, he thought to excuſe himſelf, as well for that he ſaw be was well ſtept in years, as alſo
for that he feared Fortunes ſpight, or ſome miſhap after he had obtained ſuch glory for his noble
acts and ſervice, Howbeit themoſt apparent cauſe of his excuſe, was his ſickneſs, which troubled
him much at thattime. But the People would allow no excuſe by any means, but cryed our, they
did not defire he ſhould fight on Foot nor on Horſeback, but that he ſhould onely give Counſel,
and command : and therefore they compelled him to take the charge, and to lead the Army with
one of his companions named Lucins Frurixs, againſt their Enemies the PR&nzsTINES, and the
Vorsces, who, joyning together , did invade the Confines of the Roma ns friends, $0 he led
his
CAMILLWUS.
his Army out immediately to the field, and camped as near the Enemy as he could : being minded for
his part tO draw the Wars out in tength, that he might fight afterwards (if need required) when he
had recovered ſtrength. But Frurius contrarily coveting glory, was wholly bent to hazard the Bat-
tle, whatſoever peril came of it: andtothis end he ſtirred up andencouraged the Captains of every
private Band. Wherefore (amillxs fearing leſt they ſhould think, for ill will he bare the young men,
that he went about to hinder and take away the mean ta win their honour, and to do ſome noble a:
ſuffered Fruriug againſt his will to put his men in order of battle, and he in the mean ſeaſon by rea-
ſon of his ſickhefs, remained with a few about him in the Camp. So went Zacizs upon a head ; ,,;;; ry.
to preſent battle to the Enemy, and ſ6 was he as headily alſo overthrown. But (amillus hearing the gave battle to
RomaNs were overthrown, fick as he was upon his bed, got up, and taking his houſhold Servants the Preneftines
with him, he went in haſte to the Gates of the Camp, and paſſed through thoſe that fled, untill he 2nd Yol{cer,
came to meet with the Enemies that had them in chaſe. The Romans ſeeing this that were already —_— ay
entred into the Camp, they followed him at the heels forthwith : and thoſe that fled alſo withour, :
when they ſaw him, they gathered together, and put themſelves again in array before him, and per-
ſwaded one another not to forſake their Captain, So their Enemies hereupon ſtayed their chafing,
and would purſue no further that day. Bur the next morning, (amil/as leading his Army into the Camillys wan
field, gave them battle, and wan the field of them by plain force : and following the yitory hard, the field of the
he entred amongſt them that fled into their Camp pelmell, or hand over head, and flew the moſt * yo
part of them even there, After this Victory , he was advertiſed how the Tausca ns had taken *" olſces,
the City of SuTR1um, and had pur to the iword all the Inhabitants of the ſame, which were Ro-
MAN Citizens, Whereupon he ſent to Rom the greateſt part of his Army, and keeping with him
the higheſt and luſtieſt men, went and gave aſſault unto the THuscans, that now were harbour-
ed in the City of Surrtum. Which when he had won again, he ſlew part of them, and the camillus flew
other ſaved themſelves by flight. After this, he returned tv Roms with an exceeging ſpoil, con- the Thuſcans
firming by experience, the wiſdom of the Roma ns, who did not fear the age nor fickneſs of a * $##riun,
g00d Captain that was expert and valiant, but had choſen him againſt his wil), though he was both
old and fick : and preferred him far before the younger and luſtier that made ſure to have the charge.
News being brought unto the Senate that the TyuscuLan1ans were revolted , they ſent {{-
millus thither again, willing him of five other companions to take out one he liked beſt, every of ...;, :oaint
the which defired to be choſen, and made their,ſute unto him for the fame, Bur be refuſing all other, the Th feuts-
did chooſe again Lucins Frurixs beyond all expeRation of men , ſeeing not long before he needs nians.
would againſt his will hazard battle, in which he was overthrown. Howbeit (amillus, having a
deſire (as I think) to hide his fault and ſhame he had received, did of courtefie prefer him before
all other: Now the TyuscuLanians hearing of (amills coming againſt them, ſubtilly
Camillus ſent
The craft of
ſought to colour the fault they had already committed. Wherefore they put out a great number of ,,. Thuſculs:
people into the fields, ſome to plough, other to keep the beaſts, as if they had been in beſt peace : and 1;zxs.
did ſet the Gates of the Ciry wide open, ſent their Children openly ro School, their Arrtificers
wrought their Occupations in their Shops, the men of haviour and honeſt Citizens walked in the
Markert-plice iri their long Gowns, and the Officers and Governors of the City went up and down
to every houſe, commanding them to prepare lodgings for the Roma ns, as if they had ſtood in no
fear at all, and asthough they had committed no fault, Howbeit all theſe fine fetches could not
make (amills believe, but that they hatl intent to rebell againſt the Romans : yet they made (-
mills pity them, ſeeing they repented them of that they had derermined todo, So he commanded
them to goto Roms to the Senate, to crave pardon for their fault : and he himſelf did help them,
not onely to purge their City of any intent of Rebellion, bur alſo ro get them the Priviledge and Free-
dom of Roms. And theſe be the chiefeſt as {amillxs did in the ſixth rime of his Tribuneſhip. Af-
ter this, one Licinius Stolo moved great ſedition in the City, berween the common People and the ,.. -...
Senate, For he would in any caſe that of the two Conſuls, which were choſen yearly, the one of ,Qyed in Rome
them ſhould be a Commoner, and not that both of them ſhould be of the ancient Noble Families, by Licinius
called Patricians. The Tribunes of the People were choſen, but the Eleion of the Conſuls, the Stolo.
People ftayed : ſo that the Commonwealth went to decay, and declined to greater troubles, than
ever it did before, for lack of Government, But to ſuppreſs this, the Senate created (millxs the ,.,,:y.. ...._
fourth time Ditator : but this was ſore againſt his will, becauſe it miſliked the People much. Fur- «4 Dictator
thermore, he would not complain of the People, for that they having ſerved him in many Wars and the fourth time
Battles, might boldly and truly ſay unto him : that he had done more notable as by them jn the
Wars, than he haddone by the P atricians in Peace, Yet was he created Di{Zator in deſpight, to rule
the People, and of envy in the Noblemen towards them, Thus neceſſity did urge him, either by
force to ſuppreſs the People, if he were the ſtronger in this difſention ; or elſe that he himſelf ſhould
be ſuppreſſed, if he became the weaker. {mills noryithſtanding, preparing to prevent this miſ-
chief, and knowing the day the Tribunes had determined, to prefer the paſling of their Law by voi-
ces of the People: he gave warning by Proclamation fer upon poſts, that the ſame very day he
would muſter the People : and all was but to draw them from the Market-place into the field of Afars,
and did ſer grear penalties upon' thoſe that ſhould be lacking at the Muſters, and would preſume to
diſobey. The Tribunes of the People on the contrary part, da withſtand his threats, and ſware they
would condemn {amillus ſelf in fifty thouſand Drachmes of Silver, if he did not let the People
alone, but would go about to diſturb them for giving their voices to ſuch a Law as they liked of. (%«-
mills perceiving this, and fearing to be act baniſhed once again, which would fall out
M 3 very
1320
CAMILLLUS.
Licinius Stolo
made a Law
for enjoying
of Fry
Stolo the firlt
offender of t
ſame Law.
The Gauls
come again to
Rome
Camillus cho-
ſen Niator
the fifth time.
How C __—
appointed his
oF ldiers with
armour and
weapon to
Gght with ad-
vantage againſt
the Gauls.
Anian fl.
very ill for him, being now an old man, and one that had done ſo many great and notable at, or
elſe for that he thought himſelf nor ſtrong enough to withſtand the force of the People ; he kept his
houſe that day, feigning himſelf ro be fick, and certain other days following, and in the end he
gave up his Office. Thereupon the Senate choſe in his place another D##aror, who named the ſame
Licinins Stols General of the Horſemen, that was the Authour and furtherer of all this ſedition :;
and beſides did ſuffer him to prefer another Law, and to paſs it by voices of the People, that above
all other Laws, did moſt trouble the Parricians. Which Law did forbid any Citizen of Rot, to
have, or occupy above five hundred jugere, which amount to 330 acres a balf, 12 pole, and
121 parts of a pole. Then was this Srolo aloft, and of t eſtimation at that time : for that he
had in deſpight of the Senate eſtabliſhed this Law. Howbeit ſhortly after it was found out, thar
himſelf had more number of Acres than his own Law permitted : by reaſon whereof, he received
the juſt puniſhment of his own deviſed forfeiture. Yet the moſt weighry matter of all this diſſention
that began firſt , and moſt of all troubled the Senate, touching the eletion of the Conſuls, remained
ſtill undetermined. But while rheſe matters were thus in talk, the Rowans had certain intelli-
gence, how the GauLs were departed once again from the Adriatick Sea , and were coming
with a great power ſtraight unto Romz: upon report of which news; the Wars followed immedi-
ately. For the Gaurs deſtroyed the champion Countrey as they went : and the poor Coun-
trey-men that could not recover RoME, were ſcattered here and there amongſt the Mountains. The
fear of this did ſomewhat appeaſe the difſention. The People then affembling with the Senate, and
the baſer ſort with the Noble, did all with one voice and affent chooſe Camillus Diftator the fifth
time. He was now a very old man, lacking little of fourſcore years : but nevertheleſs, conſider-
ing the neceſſity and preſent danger, without framing any excuſe, or ftarting as he had before, he
undertook the charge. Now that he had taken it upon him , he preſemly levied men, and prepared
his Army. And» knowing very well how the fterceneſs of theſe barbarous G aur s conſiſted in down-
right blows with their Swords, with which they would ſtrike off heads and ſhoulders of men ata blow,
mangling then like Butchers, without any art or skill of fight : he cauſed iron Sallets,” and Morians to
be made for the moſt of his men, as ſmoothly wrought on the outſide as could be, that their Swords
lighting on them, ſhould either {lide off, or break. Moreover, he cauſed their Shields to have bars
made about them of copper, becauſe the wood ſelf was not able ro abide their blows. Furthermore,
hedid reach his Souldiers to carry fong Javelins or Punchion-ftaves, wherewith they might wound their
Enemies rs ue Swards to ſtrike them, Now when the GauLs were come near ROME, ha-
ving pitched their Camp upon the River of e547, and being full laden and ſtuffed with all kinds of
ſpoil and booties : then Cami brought his Army alſo into the Field, and went to lodge on a little
hill which was eaſie ro get upon, where there were many little caves, ſo that the moft of his Army was
all hidden and covered, and thoſe that were ſcen, ſeemed to be retired thither into thoſe high places for
an advantage, and of fear. Camilh to encreaſe this opinion more in his Enemies, and to make them
the bolder, did ſuffer them to come and ſpoil eyen to the foot of the bill where he was lodged, and ftir-
red not once Out to trouble them, but kept himſelf quiet in his Camp and well fortified : untill ſuch time
as he ſpied occaſion of advantage, thar the beſt part of their Army were ſcattered here and there, a
forraging all-about the Fields : and thoſe which remained in their Camp, fell to eating and drinking as
they uſed careleſly at all hours. Then Camillus ſent very early before day, his lighteſt armed men,to vex
and trouble the barbarous People in _— out of their Camp,and to let them in any caſe from putting
their men in order of battle : - and he in the break of day came down into the Plain, and did ſerhis other
men being well armed, in good array, which were a great number, and luſty fellows, and were not
asthe barbarous People thought, few, and fearfull. This at the very firſt diſcouraged the hearts of
the Gaurs marvellouſly, becauſe they thought themſelyes diſhonoured, that the Roxas ſhould
Camillus ſlew
the Gauls a-
gain,
The Romans
how they ex-
empted Prieſts
frcm the Wars
chargethem firſt. Afterwardsalſo /7mllxs Vaunt-guard did ſer upon the: Gaurs, and that on a ſud-
den, before they had leiſure to put themſelves in battle, or to order cheir Troops ; compelling them to
fight without order, as they met our of order by chance. In the end alfo, {awillus came upon the
necks of them, with all his whole force and Army t r : againſt whom they ran notwithſtanding,
holding up their naked Swords aloft in their hands. But the Ro wa ws thruſting with their armed Ja-
velins, received their Enemies blows uponthem, and thereby ſo rebated the edges of their Swords (their
blades being very ſharp and thin ground, and of ſo ſoft a temper) that they bowed again, and ſtood
crooked unreaſonably ; and furthermore, having pierced their Shields thorow with their punching-
ſtaves,the GauLs arms were ſo clogd and wearied with them,theRom a Ns plucking them back ro them
again, that they threw away their Swords and Shields, and flying in, cloſed with the Ro a ws and
caught hold of their Javelins, thinking by plain force to have wrefted chem our ef their hands, How-
beir they perceiving then the Gaurs were naked, fell ſtraight to their Swords : and ſo was the ſlaughter
of their firſt ranks very great, The other fled CT here and rhere, all about the Plain : becauſe
{amillus had cauſed all the Hills and Mountains abont them to be occupied and poſſeſſed. Neither did
they retire towards their Camp, for that it was unfortified, and alſo knew well enough it would be ea-
ſily caken, This battle (as they ſay) was thirteen years after their taking of Rom before. But after
that Field, the RoM A N's courages were good enough againſt theſe barbarous GauLs, whom they ſtood
in fear of before : _— the firſt time they came, thar they had'not overcome them by force, but b
reaſon of the plague that fell amongſt them, or through ſome other ſtrange chance. For they did 10
fear them ar that rime, that they made a Law, that their Prieſts ſhould be exempted from Wars, fo it
were not againſt the GauLs, This overthrow was the laft martial at Camil/u; did in the Wars. For,
: the
+ _ FF & &K&. © = a... Po
>
CAMILLUS. mm
the taking of the Ciry of VELITRES, Was an accident depending upon this Journey : becauſe the
yielded ſtraight unto him, without Arikipg any ſtroke. licouſnels of the -Adbn of Rows
about Government, and the chuſing of the year Conſuls, was the hardeſt matter he ever had in hand.
For they returning home to Rq» = krong and of great payer, by ei late obtained viRory, would
in any caſe have one of the Cons ta. be chaſen gf a Conmoner,. which was direRly againſt their an-
cient cuſtom, But the Senate m_ withſtood it, and would not ſuffer {4amillxs to be put out of of-
fice : hoping the better by means of his authority, which was great then, that they ſhould maintain and
continue their ancient Dugnity, and Prerogative of their Nobility, Bur as {#15 was ſer in his chair
in the Market-place, where he heard and diſpatched cauſes, there came a Serjeant to him, ſent from
the Tribunes of the People, who commanded him to follow him, and therewithall laid violent hands
upon him, as he would have carried him away by force, This made ſuch, a terrible tumult and uproar, Sedition at
that the like was never ſeen before in the Marker-place. For {amillus friends drave the Sergeant back —_ about
behind the Chair. The common People cryed our again to the Sergeant from beneath, Pull him our of = Aſus "
his Chair, This ſo amazed {amslns, that he knew not well what to ſay to the matter. Notwith- ;
ſtanding, he would nor refign up his Office, but taking thoſe Senators he bad abour him, he went unto
the place where the Senate was wont to be kept.z-and. there, before he would go into it, he returned
back again unto the Capitol, and made his = it would pleaſe them to bring his
troubles again to a quiet, and ſo made a {plemm vow and promiſe (if theſe tumwles and troubles mighs
be pacified) that he would build a Temple of Concord. When this matter came to debating before the _ ;
Senate, there fell great contention and diverſity of opinions then) : yer in the end, the eaſieſt ahi yie
way did carry it, and that was, to grant the common Peoples defire, that a Commoner ſhould be cho- N C——
ſen Conſul with a Noble man. The Di&qter having, © publiſhed ro the People the Senates De- choſen Condul
cree, confirming their deſire : the commod. People were'fgJoyfull, thar at that preſent they ler fall all with a noble
their malice againſt the Nobility and Senate, and'breoght 2m:s home to his houſe, with great 29.
ſhouts of joy and clapping of . The next mecting all the People being aſſembled together in the
Market-place, it was there decreed : that the Temple of Concord ſhould be built at the Commonwealths
charge (according to the vow (mills had made) in ſuch a place, as it might be ſeen from the Mar-
ker-place ſelf, where all the Aſſemblies for marters of Counſel were made. And further, it was order-
ed that oneday more ſhould be added to the Feaſts of the LaT1ns : and that from thenceforth they
ſhould ſolemnize four Feſtival days, and ſhould preſently make great Sacrifices unto the gods, in every
Temple of the Ciry, to give them thanks : and in token of joy they ſhould all wear Garlands upon
their heads for this reconciliation. So {amllus proceeding to eleion, there were choſen two Con-
ſuls, Marcus eAmilins of the noble Parricians, and Lucius Sextus of the Plebeians or Common- Marcus SEmt-
ers, And this wasthe laſt a& that ever (millus did. For the next year after the Plague was in Rowe, is, Lucius
and rook away an infinite number of People that died, beſides many Magiſtrates and officers of the Ci- ogg Con-
ty that departed : among whom, (amillus alſo left his life. Who notwithſtanding he had lived a long panty + died
time, and had ended a reaſonable courſe of life, and was ripe for death : yer the Rowa xs made more of the plague,
mone and lamencation for his death alone, than for all the reſt the Plague had already conſumed, |
A
I
4 by pay = &
- -— — C—ooE_U ys Ar ouoc— oe” ww— -” —> =
The End of thi Life of Furius Camillos,
- - ' S 1 1% + = -
— 5."
—_—— — ——
C—IF =
ro — U
Wit always to
be imployed to
good things.
Antiſfthenes
ſaying of a
Flute player,
THE LIFE OF
PERICLES.
= ESAR ſeeing in Ros one day certain rich and wealthy ftrangers, having little
A and Monkies in their arms, and that they made marvellous much of them,
4 heasked them if the Women in their Countrey had no Children : wiſely reproving
them by this queſtion, for that they beſtowed their natural love and affection up-
S&) on brute Beafts, which they ſhould with all kindneſs and love beftow upon men,
=& Nature inlike caſe alſo, having planted in our minds a natural defire to learn and
P42 underſtand, we are in reaſon to reprove thoſe that vainly abuſe this good deſire,
fondly diſpoſing it to learn things vain and unprofitable : and to caſt behind them
things honeſt and neceſſary to be learned. For as touching our outward ſenſe, which
with paſſion receiveth impreſſion of the thing it ſeeth, peradventure it will be neceſſary to conſider in-
difterently the thing ſeen, whether it will fall out beneficial or hurtfull unto him : but ſo fareth it not
with our underſtanding, for every man may at his pleaſure turn and diſpoſe that ta the thing he taketh
delight in, the reaſon whereof we muſt always imploy to the beſt part, and that not only to conſider
and look upon the thing, but alſo to reap the benefit and commodity of the thing we ſee. For like as
the eye ismoſt delighted with the lighteſt and freſheſt colours : even ſo we muſt give our minds unto
thoſe ſights, which by looking upon them do draw profit and pleaſure untous. For ſuch effects doth
' vertue bring : that either to hear oread them, they do print in our hearts an earneſt love and deſire to
follow them. But this followeth not in all other things we eſteem, neither are we always diſpoſed to
deſire to do the things we ſee well done : but wn dan oftentimes, when we like the Work, we millike
the Workman, as commonly in making theſe perfumes and purple colours, For both the one and the
other do pleaſe us well : bur yet we take Perfumers and Dyers to be men of mean Occupation. There-
fore eAntiſthenes anſwered one very wiſely, that told him 1ſmenias was an excellent player of the
Flute, But yet he is a naughty man, ſaid he: otherwiſe he could not be ſo cunning at the Flute as be 5.
Even ſo did Philip King of Mac t00 x ſay to his Son eAlexandey the Great on a time : that at 4
certain Feaſt had ſung paſling ſweetly, and like a Maſter of Muſick : Art thou not aſhamed Son
to fing ſo well? Itis enough for a King to beſtow his leiſure ſometime to hear Muſitians fing, and
he doth much honour to the Muſes to hear the Maſters of the* Science otherwhile, when one of
them fingerh to excel another. But he that perſonally ſhall beſtow hjs time, exerciſing any mean
Science : bringeth his pains he hath taken in matters unprofitable , a witneſs againſt himſelf, 0
prove that he hath been negligent to learn things honeſt and profitable. And there was never ul
young Gentleman nobly born, that ſeeing the Iinage of Fupiter ( which is in the City of P154
deli
+ PERICLES. 123
ow” — —
—
deſired to become Phidias: not Polyclers, for ſeeing of Juno in the City of AxGos : nor that deſired
ro be Anacreon,or Philemon, or loc xs,tor that they took pleaſure ſometime to read their works.
For it tolloweth not of neceſlicy, that though the Work delight, the Workman muſt needs be praiſed.
So in like cafe, ſuch things do not profit thoſe which behold them, becauſe they do not move affei-
on inthe hearts of the beholders to follow them, neither do ſtir up affeRion to reſemble them, and
much leſs ro conform our ſelyes unto them, Bur vertue hath this fingular property in all her a&ions :
that ſhe maketh the man that knowerh her, to affect her ſo, that ftraight he liketh all her doings, and 7Þ* Power of
deſireth to follow thoſe that are vertuous. For, as for riches, we onely defire to have them in poſſeſſi. ©
on : but of Vertue, we chiefly love the deeds. Wheretore we are contented to have Goods from other
men ; but gvod deeds we would other ſhould have from us. For vertue is of this power, that ſhe allu-
reth a mans mind preſently ro uſe her, that wiſely confidereth of her, and maketh him very deſirous in
his heart to follow her : and doth not frame his manners that beholderh her by any imitation, bur by che
onely underſtanding and knowledge of vertuous deeds, which ſuddenly bringeth unto him a reſolute
deſire ro do the like. And this is the reaſon, why me thought 1 ſhould continue till to write on the
Lives of Noble men, and why 1 made alſo this centh Book : in the which are contained the Lives of
Pericles and Fabius Maximus, who maintained Wars againſt Hannibal, For they were both men
very like together in many ſundry vertues, and ſpecially in courtefie and juſtice : and for that they could
patiently bear the Follies of their People, and companions that were in —_ of Government with
them, they were marvellous profitable Members for their CO Bur if we have ſorted them well
together, comparing the one with the other : you ſhall eaſily judg that read our Writings of their Lives.
Pericles was of the Tribe of the Acamantides, of the Town of CHOLARGus, and one of the beſt and Pericles ſtock
moſt ancient Families of the Ciry of ATHz xs, both by his Father and Mother. For Xantippms his :
Father (who overcame in batcle the Lieutenants of the King of PzR&$1A in the journey of MYGaArLa)
married Agariſte that came of Cliſthenes, he who drave out of AT{Hzns Pyſstratus off-ſpring, and
valiantly overthrew their tyranny. Afterwards he eſtabliſhed Laws, and ordained a very grave form
of Government, to maintain his Citizens in peaceand concord together. This Agariſte dreamed one Pericles mo-
night that ſhe was brought to bed of a Lion : and very ſhortly after ſhe was delivered of Pericles, who thers dream,
was ſo well proportioned in all the parts of his body, that _ be mended, ſaving that his Pricler had a
head was ſomewhat too long and our of proportion to the reſt of his body. And this is the onely cauſe leng head,
why all the Statues and Images of him almoſt, are made with a Helmet on his head : becauſe the work-
men as it ſhould ſeem (and ſo it is moſt likely) were willing to hide the blemiſh of his deformiry, Bur
the ATT1c AN Poets did call him Schinocephalos, as miich to ſay, as headed like an Onion, For thoſe
of ATT1ca do ſometime name that which is called in the Vulgar Tongue Sci{a, that is to ſay, an
Onion of Barbary, Schinos. And Cratinns the Comical Poer in his Comedy he intituled Chirones,
faid :
Old Saturn he, and dreadfull dire Debate,,.
Begotten have, between them carnally,
Thu Tyrant here, thu heavy jolting pate,
In court of gods ſo termed worthily.
And again alſo in that which he termeth emeſis, ſpeaking of him, he Caith ;
Come }upiter, come Jupiter,
Come jolt-bead, and come In-kgeper.
And Telecides mocking him alſo, ſaith in a place :
Sometimes he ſtands amar.'d when he perceives,
T hat hard it were ſufficiently to kyow,
In what eſtate his Government he leaves.
And then will be be ſeldom feen below,
Such beavy beaps within bis brains do grow.
But yet ſometimes out of that monſtrous pate,
He thundreth faſt, and threatneth every ſtate,
And Eupolis in a Comedy which he intituled Dems : being very inquiſitive, and asking particularly
of every one of the Orators (whom he feigned were returned out of Hell) when they named Pericles
the laſt man unto him, he ſaid :
Truly thou haſt now brought unto us here that dwell,
he chief of all the Captains that come from dark ſome hell.
And as for Muſick, the moſt Authors write, that Damon did teach him Muſick, of whoſe name (as Pericter udien
men ſay) they ſhould pronounce the firſt ſyllable ſhort. Howbeit 4ri/torle ſaith, that he was :aught td
Muſick by Pythoclides. Howſoever it was, it is certain that this Damon was a man of deep underſtand-
ing, and ſubril in matters of Government : for to hide from the People his ſufficiency therein, he gave
out he was a Mvfician, and did reſort unto Pericles as a Maſter Wreſtler or Fencer : but he taughc
him how he ſhould deal in-matters of State. Notwithſtanding, in the end he could not fo cunningly
convey this matter, bur the People ſaw his Harping and Muſick, was onely a Vizer to his other pra-
if? : wherefore they did baniſh him AT# ws for five years, as a man that buſily took upon him to
Change the ſtate of things, and chat favoured Tyranny. And this gave the Comical Poets matter to
play upen him finely, among which Plaro in a Comedy of his, bringeth in a man that asketh him ; .
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_134
PERICLES.
Zenon Elcan.
Pericles man-
ners and beha-
Viour,
Pericles pati-
ence,
O Chiron, tellme firſt: art thou indeed the man, 3
Which did inſtrutt Pericles thus ? makg anſwer if thou Can.
He was ſometime alſo Scholer to the Philoſopher Zener, who was born in the City of ELza,
and raught natural Philoſophy, as Parmenides did : but his Profeſtion was to thwart and contrary all
men, and to alledge a world of objections in his Diſputation, which were ſo intricate, that his adver-
ſary replying againſt him, knew not how to anſwer him, nor to conclude his Argument, The which
Timon Phliaſsus witneſſeth in theſe words :
Zenon was ſubtil fure, and very eloquent,
And craftily could wind a man by way of argument,
If fo be were diſpoſed, his cunning to deſcry,
Or ſhew the ſharpneſs of his wit to prattiſe policy.
But gAnaxagoras Clazomenian was he that was moſt tamiliar and converſant with him, and did put
in him the majeſty and gravity he ſhewed in all his ſayings, and doings, who did far excell the com-
mon courſe of _ Orators that pleaded before the People : and to be ſhort, he it was that did
faſhion his manners, altogether to carry that grave countenance which he did. For they called «4-
naxagoras in his time, 2 zss, as much to ſay, as underſtanding, Either becauſe they had his ſingular
wit and capacity in ſuch great admiration, being grown to ſearch 'out the cauſe of naturall things :
or that he was the firſt man, who did aſcribe the diſpoſition and government of this World, not un-
to fortune or fatall neceſliry, but unto a pure , ſimple, and underſtanding mind, which doth ſepa-
rate at the firſt moving cauſe, the ſubſtance of ſuch like parts as are medled and compounded of di-
vers ſubſtances, in all other Badies through the World. Pericles made marvellous much of eAna-
xagoras, who had fully inſtructed him in the knowledge of naturall things, and of thoſe ſpecially
that work above in the air and firmanient, For he grew not onely to have a great mind and elo-
quent tongue, without any affefation, or groſs Countrey terms : but to a certain modeſt coun-
renance that ſcantly ſmiled, very ſober in his gate, having a kind of ſound in his voice that he ne-
ver loſt noraltered, and was of very honeſt behaviour, never tronbled in his talk for any thi
that croſſed him, and many other ſuch like things, as all that ſaw them in him, and conſidered them,
could but wonder at him, But for proof hereof, the report goeth, there was a naughty buſie fel-
low on a time, that a whole day together did nothing but rail upon Pericles in the Market-place,
and revile him to his face, with all the villanous words he could uſe, But Pericles put all up qui-
etly, and gave him nota word again, diſpatching in the mean time matters of importance he had
in hand, untill night came, that he went _ home ro his houſe, ſhewing no alteration nor ſem-
blance of trouble ar all, though this lewd varlet fellow followed him at the heels, with words of
open defamation, And as he was ready to enter in at his own doors, being dark night, he com-
manded one of his men to take a Torch, and to bring this manhome to his houſe. Yet the Poet
Jon faith, that Pericles was a very proud man, and a ſtately, and that with his gravity and noble
miind, there was mingled a certain ſcorn and contempt of other : and comrarily, he greatly -praiſ-
eth the civility, humanity and courteſie of C;moz, becauſe he could faſhion himſelf ro all compa-
nies, But letting paſs that which the Poet Joz ſaid : who would that Vertue ſhould be full of cra-
gical Diſcipline, bringing in with ir, a certain Satyrical Diſcourſe to move laughter. Now Zenon
contrariwiſe did counſell all thoſe that ſaid Pericles gravity was a preſumption, and arrogancy:
that they ſhould alſo follow him in his preſumption.” For to counterfeit in that ſort things honeſt and
The benefit of vertuous, doth ſecretly with time breed an affetion- and deſire to love them, and afterwards with
Natural Phi- cuſtom even effeRually to uſe and follow them, - $0 Pericles by keeping eAnaxagoras company,
loſophy.
did not onely profit himſelf in theſe things, but he learned beſides to put away all ſuperſtitious
fear of celeſtial ſights and impreſſions ſeen in the air, For. to thoſe that are ignorant of
the Cauſes thereof, ſuch ſigns are terrible, and tothe godly alſo fearfull, as if they were utterly un-
done : and all is, becauſe they have no certain knowledge of the reaſon that Natural Philoſophy
yieldeth, which inſtead of a tearfull ſuperſtition, would bring a true Religion accompanied with
What was fig- #futed hope of goodneſs. Some ſay a man brought Pericles one day from his Farm out of the
nitied by the
Rams head
that had but
one horn, and
was found in
Pericles
ground.
Countrey , a Rams head that had but one horn, and that the Prognofticator Zampon conſi-
dering. this head , that had but one ſtrong horn 'in the midſt of his forehead , interpreted , that
this was the ſignification thereof. That being two Tribes and ſeveral FaRtions in the Ciry of
ATHENS touching Government, the one of Pericles, and the other of Thucydiges : the power
of both ſhould be brought into .one, and ſpecially into his part, in whoſe houſe this ſigh did hap-
pen. Further, it is ſaidthat eAnaxagora: being preſent, did cauſe the Rams head to be cloven
in two pieces,” and ſhewed unto them that ſtood by , that the brain of this Ram did not fill the
pan of his natural place, but incloſed it ſelf in all parts, being narrow like the point of an Egg,
in that part where the horn took his firſt root of budding out. So eAnaxagoras was marvel-
louſly eſteemed ar that preſent by all thoſe that ſtood by : but ſo was Lampon, ſoon after that
Thucydides was driven away, and that the Government of the whole Conmonweal fell into the
hands of Pericles alone. And it is not to be wondred at (in my opinion) that the Natural Phi-
loſopher and the Prognoſticator did rightly meet rogether. in troth ; the one directly telling the
cauſe, and the other the end of the event as it fell out. For the profeſſion of the one, is to know
how it cometh ;- and of the other, wherefore it cometh, and to foretell what it betokeneth. For
where ſome ſay, that to ſhew the cauſe, is to take away the ſignification of the ſign : they do no!
conſider that in ſeeking to aboliſh by this reaſon the wonderfull rokens and ſigns in the air,
| they
O——_—
PERICLES. _
they do take away thoſe alſo which are done by art. As the noiſe of baſons, the lights of fire by
the Sea fide, and the ſhadows of needles or points of Dials in the Sun : all which things are done
by ſome cauſe and handiwork, tv be a ſign and token of ſomething. But this argument peradven-
cure may ſerve better in another Book, And now again to Pericles, Whilſt he was yer but a
young man, the People ſtood in awe of him, becauſe he ſomewhat reſembled Pyſiſtrarms in his coun- Pericles liken.
renance : and the ancientet men of the City alſo were much afraid of his ſott voice, his eloquenc edt Pyſe/tr.4-
rongue, and ready utterance, becauſe in thoſe he was Pyſiſtrarm up and down. Moreover he was ***
very rich and wealthy, and of one of the nobleſt Families of the City, and thoſe were his Friends alſo
that carried the onely ſway and authority in the State : whereupon, fearing leſt they would baniſh
him with the baniſhment of Offraci/mon, he would nor meddle with Government in any caſe, al-
though otherwiſe he ſhewed himſelf in Wars very valiant and forward, and feared not ro venture
his perſon. But after that «Ariftides was dead, that Themiſtocles was driven away, and that 31:0:
being ever in ſervice in the Wars as General in Forraign Countries, was a long time out of
GREECE: then he (came to lean to the Tribe of the poor People, preferring the multitude of
the poor Commonalty, above the ſmall number of Nobility and rich men, the which was dire&tly
againſt his nature. For of himſelf he was not popular , nor meanly given : but he did it (as it |
ſhould ſeer) to avoid ſuſpition, that he ſhould pretend ro make himſelf King. And becauſe he ſaw Pericles firit
Cimen was inclined allo to take part with the Nobility, and that he was ſingularly beloved and liked beguning to
of all the honeſter ſort : he to the contrary enclined ro the common People, purchaſing by this 4<®! in the
means ſafety to himſelf, and authority againſt Cimon, So he preſently began a new courſe of life, Common
fince he had taken upon him to deal in matters of State : for they never ſaw him afterwards at any _
time go into the City, but to the Market-place, or to the Senate-houſe. He gave up going. to all Too much fa-
Feaſts where he was bidden, and left the entertainment of his friends, their company and famuliarity, miliarity bree-
So that in all his time wherein he governed the Commonyweal, which was a long time, he never 4<th contempt
went out to ſupper to any of his friends, unleſs it were chat he was once at a Feaſt ar his Nephew
Euryptolemus Marriage : and then he tarried there no longer, but while the Ceremony wasa doing,
when they offer Wine to the gods, and ſo he roſe from theTable. For theſe friendly incetings at ſuch
Feaſts, do much abaſe any counterfeit Majeſty or fer countenance : and he ſhall have much ado to
keep gravity and reputation, ſhewing familiarity to every known friend .in ſuch open places. For
in perfe& vertue, thoſe things truly are ever moſt excellent, which be moſt common : and in good
and verruous men there is nothing more admirable unto ſtrangers, then their daily converſation 1s ro
their friends, Pericles now to prevent that the People ſhould not be glurted with ſeeing him too oft,
nor that they ſhould come much to him : they did ſee him bur ar fome times, and then he would not
talk in every matter, neither came much abroad among them, but reſerved himſelf (as Crirolaxs (aid
they kept the SALAMINIAN Galley at ATHENS) for matters of great importance. And in the
mean ſeaſon, in other matters of ſmall} moment, he dealt by means of certain Orators his famili-
ar friends, amongſt whom Ephialtes (as they ſay) was one : he who took away the Authority and EpÞialres an
Power fromthe Court of eAreopagus, and did give too much liberty to the People, as Plaro ſaid, Or
Upon which occaſion, as the Comical Poets ſay, he became fo ſtout and head-ſtrong, that they could
no more hold him back, than a young unbridled Colt ; and took ſuch a courage upon him, that he
would obey no more, but invaded the Ifle of Euzota, and ſet upon the other Itlands. Periclzs
alſo becauſe he would tathion a phraſe of ſpeech, with a kind of ſtile altogether agreeable to the
manner of life and gravity he had taken upon him : he gave himſelf to all marters which he had learn-
ed of eAnaxagor as, ſhadowing hisreaſons of Natural Philoſophy, with artificial Rhetorick. For
having obrained a deep underitanding by ſtudying of Philoſophy, and a ready way effeRually to end
any matter he undertook to prove, (beſides that Nature had endued him with an excellent wit and
capacity, asthe Divine P/zro doth write, to bring any thing to ſerve his purpoſe) he did ſo artifici-
ally compaſs it with Eloquence, that he far paſſed all the Orators in his time. And for this cauſe
was he (as they ſay) furnamed Olympins, as much to fay, as Heavenly or Divine. But ſome are Why Pericles
of opinion he had that ſurname, by reaſon of the common Buildings and ftately Works he raiſ- was furnzmed
ed up in the Ciry of ATHzNs, that did much ſer forth the fame. Other think ic was given him 992".
for his great Authority and Power he had in Government, as well in Wars as in Peace. But it is
no marvel that this glory was given him, conſidering the many other qualities and vertues that were
in him. Howbeit the Comedies the Poets cauſed to be played in thoſe times (in which there were
many words ſpoken of him, ſome in earneſt, ſome in ſport and jeſt) do witneſs that he had thar
given him, chiefly for his Eloquence. For it is reported, that he thundred and lightned
in his Orations to the People, and that his rongue was a terrible lightning. And touching this
matter , they rell of an Anſwer Thxcydides, «Mileſins Son, ſhould pleaſantly make concerning Thucy4ides Pe-
the force of Pericles Eloquence. Thucydides was x Nobleman, and had long time contended ricles adverſa-
againſt Pericles in manters of the Commonweal. eArchidamns, King of Lac zD&mox , aked "y-
Thucydides on a time whether he or Pericles wreſtled beſt. Thucydides made him anſwer. When
I have given him an open fall before the face of the World, he cafi {9 excellently deny it, that he
maketh the People believe he had no fall at all,” and perfwadeth them the contrary of that they
ſaw. Notwithſtanding, he was ever very grave and wiſe in ſpeaking. For ever when he went
up into the Pulpit for Orations, to ſpeak unto the People, he made his Prayers unto the gods,
that nothing might eſcape his mouth, bur chat he might confider before, whether it would ſerve
the purpole of his matter he treated on : yet are there none of his Works extant in _—
unlels
PERICLES.
unleſs it be ſome few Laws he made, and but very few of his notable ſayings are brought to light,
ſave onely theſe. He ſaid on a time, that they muſt take away the Ciry of A61Na, becauſe it was
a ftraw lying in the eye of the Haven PIR&4. And another time, he ſaid that he ſaw the Wars
Pericles ſay- afar off, coming from PELOPONNESUSs. And another time, as he took Ship with Sophocles (his
cy companion in commiſſion with him as general of the Army) who commended a fair young bo
they met as they came to the Haven : Sophocles, ſaid he, a Governour muſt not onely have his hands,
but alſo his eyes clean. And Steſimbrotus writeth, that" in a funeral Oration he made in the praiſe
of thoſe that were ſlain in the War of Samos : he ſaid they were immortal as the gods. For
we do not ſee the gods (ſaid he) as they be, but for the honour that is done to them, and the great
happineſs they enjoy, we do conjeQture they are immortal : and the ſame things are in thoſe that
die in ſervice and defence of their Countrey. Now where Thucydides doth write the Government of
* Pericles Com- the Common-weal under Pericles to be as a Government of Nobility, and yet had appearance of 4
monwealth, popular State: it is true, that in effec it was a Kingdom, becauſe one alone did rule and govern
the whole State, And many other fay alſo, he was the firſt that brought in the cuſtom ro divide the
Enemies Lands won by conqueſt among the People, and of the common money to make the Peo-
ple ſee Plays and Paſtimes, and that appointed them reward for all things. But this cuſtom was ill
brought up. For the common People that before were contented with little, and got their living
painfully with ſweat of their brows, became now to be very vain , ſumptuous , and riotous , by
reaſon of theſe things brought up then. The cauſe of the alteration doth eafily appear by thoſe
things. For Pericles at his firſt coming, ſought to win the favour of the People, as we have ſaid
lad before, onely to get like reputation that Cimer had won. But coming far ſhort of his Wealth
Fran, of Cimon and ability, to carry out the port and charge that C:mor did, entertaining the poor, keeping open
houſe to all comers, cloathing poor old -People, breaking open beſides all Incloſures and Pales
through all his Lands, that every one might with more liberty come in, and take the Fruits thereof
at their pleaſure : and ſeeing himſelf by theſe great means out-gone far in good will with the
common People, by Demonides counſel and procurement (who was born in the Iſle of Tos) he
brought in this diſtribution of the common money, as er:ſtorle writeth, And having won in a
© ſhort time the favour and good will of the common People, by diſtribution of the common Trea-
ſure, which he cauſed to be divided among them, aſwell to have place to ſee theſe Plays, as for
that they had reward to be preſent at the judgements, and by other ſuch like corruptions : he with
: the Peoples help, did inveigh againſt the Court of the eAreopagites, whereof he never was any
Pula large member. For it never came to- be his hap to be yearly Governour, nor Keeper of the Laws,
Jiminihed the Dr King of the Sacrifices, nor Maſter of the Wars : all which were Officers choſen in ancient
Areopagires time by lot. And further, thoſe on whom the lot fell, ifthey had behaved themſelves well in their
authority. = Office, they were called forwards, and raiſed to be of the body of this Court of the eAreopagites,
Pericles now by-theſe means having obtained great credit and authority amongſt the People, he
troubled the Senate of the eAreopapz:tes in ſuch ſort, that he pluckt many matters from their hear-
Pericles cant 8 by Ephialtes help: and in time made. Cimoy to be baniſhed ATHzws, as one that favoured
*th Comes the LACEDAMONIANS , and contraried the- Commonwealth and Authority of the People.
be baniſhes Notwithſtanding he was the nobleſt and richeſt perſon of all the City, and one that had won ſo
Athens, many glorious 'ViRories , and had ſo repleniſhed Aryzns with che conquered ſpoils of their
Enemies, as we have declared in his life : ſo great was the Authority of Pericles amongſt the Peo-
ple. Now the baniſhment wherewith he was puniſhed (which they call Oftraciſmon ) was limit-
ed by the Law for ten years, In which ſpace the LaczpamoNnians being come down with
a great Army into the Coumrey of TanaGRa, the ATHENIANS ſent out their power preſent-
ly againſt them. There Czmor willing to ſhew the ATH#znians by his deeds, that they-had fallſc-
ly accuſed him for favouring the LaczpamoNIANSs : did arm himſelf, and went on his Coun-
trey-mens ſide, to fight in the company of his Tribe. But Pericles friends gathered together, and
forced Cimon to depart thence as a baniſhed man, And this was the cauſe that Pericles fought that
day more valiantly than ever he did, and he wan the honour and name to have done more in the
perſon of himſelf that day , than any other of all the Army, At that Battle alſo, all {imons
friends, whom- Pericles had burdened likewiſe to favour the LaczDamonrans doings, died
every .man' of them that day. Then the ATHz N1AaNns repented them much' that they had driven
Cimon away, and wiſhed he were reſtored, after they had loſt this Battle upon the Confines of the
Countrey of ATTICA : becauſe they feared ſharp Wars would come upon them again at the
Pericles calleth next Spring, Which thing when Pericles perceived, he ſought alſo to further that the common
—_— irom People defired : wherefore he ſtraight cauſed a Decree to be made, that Cimon ſhould be called
+ home again, which was done accordingly. Now when Cimon was returned, he adviſed that peace
ſhould be made between both Cities; for the LaczDawoNn1ans did love Cimor very well, and
contrarily-hey hated Pericles, and all other Governours. Some notwithſtanding do write, that
Pericles did never paſs his conſent to call him home again, before ſuch time as they had madea
ſecret agreement amongſt themſelves (by means of Elpinice, Cimens Siſter) that Cimon ſhould
be ſent out with an Army of two hundred Galleys, to make Wars in the King of Pzrs14 his
Dominions, and that Pericles ſhould remain at home with the Authority of Government within
the City. This Elpinice (Cimons Siſter) had. once before intreated- Pericles for her brother, at
ſuch time as he was accuſed before the Judge of treaſon, For Pexicles was one of the Committees,
to whom this Accuſation was referred by the People. Elpinice went unto him , and a -*
im
The Oſtraciſ-
mon,
CG.
_—y
m— —
? ERFED BS © iy
him not to do his worſt unto her Brother. Pericles anſwered her” mertily : Thou art too vid F lpinice,
thou art too old ro go through with theſe matters, Yet when this mater came to judgerent ; and
that his cauſe was pleaded : he roſe but once to ſpeak againſt him ( for his own diſcharge as ir Pericles mode-
were ) and went his way when he had ſaid, doing lefs hurt to Cimon thenany other of his accuſers. ration unts
How is /[domeneus tobe credited now , who accuſerh Pericles that he had canſed the Orator Ephi- ©*m0n,
altes to be (lain by treaſon ( that was his friend , and did always counſell him, and take his part in
all kind of government of the Commonweal ) onely for the jealoufie and envy he did bear to his
glory ? I can but muſe why 74emenews ſhould ſpeak fo flanderoully againft Pericles, unleſs it were
that his melancholy humour procured ſuch violent fpeech : who though peradventure he was not
altogether blameleſs , yet he was ever nobly minded, and had a naturall defire of honour; in which
kind of men ſuch furious cruell paffions are ſeldom ſeen to breed. But this Orator Ephialres being
cruell to thoſe that rook part with the Nobility , becauſe he would ſpare or pardon no man for any
offence whatſoever committed againſt the peoples authority , but did follow and perſecure them with
all rigour to the untermoſt : his enemies laid wait for him by means of one Ariffodiows TANnA-
GRIAN , and they killed him by treaſon, as Ariftorle writeth. In the mean C:mon died in the Ile
of Cy yRus , being Generall of the Army of the ATHe N14 xs by ſea. Wherefore thoſe that rook
part withthe Nobility , ſeeing Pericles wasnow grown very great, and that he went before all other Thc murther
Citizens of ATHENS , thinking it good to have ſome one to ſtick on their ſide againſt him, and to © ©?®/tses.
leſſen thereby ſomewhat his authority , that he might not come to ruleall as hewould : they raiſed
up againſt him one Th«cydides of the Town of ALoPEC1A , a grave wiſe man and Father in Law
Thucydides
Pericles advet +
to C:mon, This Thucydides bad leſs kill of wars then Cimon, but underſtood more in Civil go- fary in the
vernment then he ; for that he remained moſt part of his time within the Ciry : where continually Common-
inveighing againſt Pericles in his Pulpit for Orations to the people , in ſhorr rimhe he had ſtirred up -alth,
a like company againſt the faRion of Pericles, For he kept the Gentlemen and richer ſort ( which
they. call ery / from mingling with rhe common people, as they were before , when t rough
the multicude of the commons their eſtate and —_— obſcured , and trodden under foot.
1
Moreover he did ſeparate thetn from the people, and did afſemble them all as it were into one body,
who came to be of equall power with the other fa&tion, and did put ( as a man will ſay ) a coun-
terpoiſe into the ballance. For at the beginning there was but a little ecret grudge onely between
theſe two faRions , as an artificiall Flower ſer in the blade ofa Sword, which made thoſe a lit-
tle , that did lean unto the people; and the other alſo ſomewhat that favoured the Nobility, But
the contention between theſe two perſons , was as a deep cut ; which divided the City into two
faRions ; of which the one was __ _— oo = the ene C ommonalty. Therefore
Pericles giving yet more liberty unto the people, did all things that might be to pleaſe ordainin
» ct Vion and Games in the City , many Feafts and Bankets ; and open —_—_ ——_
the commons with ſuch honeft pleaſures and diviſes : and beſides all this, he ſent yearly an Army
" of threeſcore Gallies unto the wars, into the which he put a great number of poor Citizens
* ' that took pay of the State for nine moneths of the year, and thereby they did learn together, and
d praiſe to be good Seamen. Furthermore he ſent into the Countrey-of CyerRoNESns, 4 thou:
. ſand free-men of the City to dwell there , and to divide the Lands amongſt them : five hundred alſo
"x into the Iſle of Naxos : into the Iſle of AnDRos two hundred and fifty : into ThraAc1a, 2
Pi thouſand to dwell with the BrsaLTzs : and other alſo into ITALy , when the City of Sy-
_ BAR1S Was built again , which afterwards was ſurnamed the Ciry of the Thuzrans, All this
4 he did , to rid the City of a number of idle people', who through idleneſs began to be curious, and A politick care
th to defire change of things, as alſo to provide for the neceſſity of the poor Townſ-men that had for idle perſons
my nothing. For , placing the naturall Citizens of ATHz xs near unto their ſubjects and friends; they
fo. ſerved as a Garifon to keep them under, and did ſuppreſs them alſo from attempring any altera-
_ tion. or change. But that which delighteth moſt , and is the greateſt ornament um6 the City of
un” ATHENS , which maketh ſtrangers moſtto wonder , and which alone doth bring ſufficient teſtimony,
—_ to confirm that which is reported of the ancient power, riches, and great wealth of Gxzzce, to
the be true and not falſe , are the ſtately and ſumpruous buildings which Pericles made to be built inthe (97 —_— b-
City of ATHENS : For it is the onely act of all other Peyicles did , and which made his enemies &eq by Per:-
moſt to ſpite him, and which they moſt accuſed him for , crying out upon him in all councils and ces.
aſſemblies , that the people of Ar#4zns were openly defamed , for carrying away the ready Mo-
the ney of all GxEtcE , which was left in the Iſle of DeLos to be ſafely kept there. And although
they could with good honeſty have excuſed this fact , ſaying , that Pericles had taken it from them,
bes: for fear of the barbarous people , to the end to layitup in a more ſtronger place, where it ſhould
led be in better ſafery :- yet was this too overgreat an injury offered unto all the reſt of Gxttcs, and
t00 manifeſt a token of tyranny alſo, to behold before their eyes, how we do employ the Money ,
= which chey were inforced to gather for the maintenance of the wars againſt the barbarous people ,
that n gilding, building,and ſetting forth our City, like a glorious woman , all to be ganded with gold and
den precious ſtones , and how we do make Images, and build up Temples of wonderfull and infinite
_ charge, Pericl:s replied to the contrary , and declared unto the ATyex14Ns, that they were not
bound to make any account of this Money unto their friends and allies , confidering that they
fought for their ſafery , and that they kept the barbarous people far from Grtzcs without trou-
bling them to ſer out any one Man , Horſe or Ship of theirs ,.the Money onely excepted, whith is no
more their chat paid it , then theirs that receivedit , ſo they beſtow ir.to that uſe they. received i for.,
, N And
chin
r, at
trees,
zught
him
abroad. unto the wars , and other that were
ſhould” have paxt of the com-
rall of all theſe
ſcience and
ho
-
boar,
about of it ſelf , coming together into one point, And it is ſajd that this was made after the pat-
tern and faſhion of King Xerxes royall Pavilion , and that, Pericles was he firſt deviſer and make!
of it. Wherefore Cratizw in another place of his comedy he maketh of the Tuxacta ns , doth
play very pretily upon him, ſaying, — Nl
; t #1 Periciis \!
.
The Ogeon.
|
J
t
n
's
@
ce
re
PERICLES.
Cr ct EEE TE EI EE Ed ern,
Pericles here doth come, Dan Fupiter firnamed ,
( And onions head ) Which hath in his great nodale finely framed
The plot of Odeon, When he delivered was
From baniſhment and dangers deep, wherein he long did paſs.
Pericles was the firſt that made marvellous earneſt labour to the people that they would make
an order , that onthe day of the Feaſt called Panathexea , they would ſer up games for mufick. And
he bimſelf being choſen Ruler of thele games , as judge to reward the beſt deſerver ; ordained the
manner the Muficians ſhould ever after keep in their {inging, playing on their flutes, or upon the
Cithern , or other Inſtruments of mufick. So the firſt games that ever were for muſick , were kept
within the Odzon , and ſo were the other after them alſo ever celebrated there. The gate and entring
into the Caſtle was made and finiſhed within the ſpace of five years , under the charge of M»e/e-
cles , that was Maſter of the Works. And whileſt theſe gates were a building , there happened a won-
derful chance , which declared very well that the goddeſs Minerva did notmillike the Building ,
but that it pleaſed her marvelloutly. For one of the moſt painfulleſt Workmen that wrought there
tell by miſchange from the height of the C aſtle to the ground , which fall did ſo ſore bruiſe him, and
he was ſo fick withall , that the Phyficians and Surgeons had no hope of hislife, Pericles being very
ſorry for his miſchance, the goddeſs appeared to him in his ſleep in the night , and taught him a me-
dicine , with the which hedid eaſily heal che poor bruiſed man , and that in ſhort time, And this
was the occaſion why he cauſed the Image of the goddeſs Afinerva(otherwile called of health ) to be
caſt in braſs , and ſer up within the Temple of the Caſtle, near unto the Altar which was there before,
as they ſay. But the golden Image of Afinerva was made by Phidsas, and graven round about the
baſe , who had the charge in manner of all other works, and by reaſon of the good will Pericles
bare him, he commanded all the other workmen. And this made the one to be greatly envied,and
the other to be very ill ſpoken of. For their enemies gave it out abroad, that Phigias received the
Gentlewomen of the City into his houſe , under colour to go ſee his works, and did convey them
to Pericles. Upon this brute the Comicall Poets taking occaſion, did caft out many ſlanderous
Speeches againſt Pericles , accuſing him that he kept one Aſenippus Wife , who was his friend and
Lieutenant in the wars : and burthened him further , that Pyrs/ampes one of his familiar friends al-
ſo, brought up Fowl , and ſpecially Peacoks, which he ſecretly tent unto the women that Pericles
kept. But we muſt not wonder at thoſe Satyrs that make profeſſion to ſpeak ſlanderoully againft
all the world , as it were to ſacrifice the injuries and wrongs they caft upon honourable and good
men , to the ſpight and envy of the people , as unto wicked ſpirits ; conſidering that Sreſombrorus
TH ASIAN durft talſly accuſe Pericles of deteſtable inceſt , and of abuſing his own Sons wife. And
this is the reaſon in my opinion , why it is ſo hard a matter tocome to the perfe&t knowledge of the
truth of ancient things , by the Monuments of Hiſtoriographers , conſidering long proceſs of time
doth utterly obſcure the truth of matters done in former times. For every written Hiftory ſpeaking
of men that are alive, and of the time of things, whereof it maketh mention ;, ſometime for hate and
envy, ſometime for favour and flattery , doth diſguiſe and corrupt the truth, But Perirles perceiving
that the Orators of Thacydides factionin their common Orationsdid ſtill cry out upon him; that he
did vainly waſte and conſume the common treaſure , and that he beſtowed upon the works all the
whole revenue of the City , One day when the people were aſſembled together before them all, he ask-
ed themif they thought that the coſt beſtowed were too much. The people anſwered him, a great deal
roo much. Well, ſaid he then , the charges ſhall be mine ( if you think good ) and none of yours ,
provided that no mans name be written upon the works but mine onely. When Pericles had taid ſo,
the people cried out aloud, they would none of that ( either becauſe that they wondred art the great-
neſs of his mind, or elſe for that they would not give him the onely honour and praiſe to have done
{o ſumptuous and ſtately works ) but willed him that he ſhould ſee them ended at the common char-
ges , without ſparing for any coſt, Burt in theend, falling out openly with Thacyaides, and putting
t to an adventure which of them ſhould baniſh other , with the baniſhment of Oftraci/mon : Pericles
got the upper hand, and baniſhed T}»cyaides out of the City , and therewithall alſo overthrew the
contrary faction againſt him, Now: when he had rooted our all factions, and brought the Ci
again 10 unity and concord , he found then the whole power of ATHexs in his hands , and all the
ATHENIANS matters at his diſpoſing. And having all the treaſure, armour, galleys, the Iſles, and
the Sea, and a marvellous ſeigniory and kingdom ( that did enlarge it ſelf partly over the Gr tc1-
ANS, and partly over the barbarous people ) ſo well fortified and ſtrengthened with the obedience
of Nations ſubject unto them, with the triendſhip of Kings, and with the alliance of divers other Prin-
ces and mighty Lords , then from that time forward he began to change his manners toward the peo-
ple, and not ſo eaſily to give place and frame himſelf to the peoples wills and deſires, no more then
as It were to — winds. Furthermore he altered his over-gentle and popular manner of go-
vernment which he uſed untill that time, as too delicate and too effeminate an harmony of mufick ,
and did convert it unto an imperious government, or rather to a Kingly authority ; bur yet held {till
a direct courſe, and kept himſelf ever upright withour fault, as one that did , ſaid, and counſeled thar
which was moſt expedient for the Commonweal. He many times brought on the people by perſwa-
lionsand reaſons to be willing to grant that he preferred unto them ; bur many ries alſo he drave
thera to it by force, and made them againſt their wills do that which was beſt for them. Following
therein the deviſe of a wiſe Phyſician , who in a long and changeable diſcaſe doth grant his Pari-
ent ſometime to take his pleaſure of athing he liketh , but yer after a moderate ſort , and another
A me
Pericles ere-
Gaed Games
for Muſick.
The Poets
raiſe up ſlan.
ders againſt
Pericles.
The noble
ſaying of Pe-
riclCs.
Thucydides ba-
nithed by Pe-
ricles.
Pericles power
Pericles (ome-
whar altereth
the Commor-
weal,
PERICLES.
_— — —— —
OO” I eee es ee es
-
time alſo, he doth give him a ſharp or bitter medicine that doth vex him, though it heal him :
For ( as it falleth out commonly unto people that enjoy ſo great an Empire ) many times misfor-
runes did chance , that filled them tull of ſundry paſſions, the which Pericles alone could finely ſteer
and govern with two principall rudders , Fear and Hope ; brideling with the one the fierce and
inſolent raſhneſs of the common people in proſperity , and with the other comforting their grief
The force of and diſcouragement in adverſity. Wherein he manifeſtly proved , that Rhethorick and Eloquence
Eloquence. ( as Plato faith ) is an Art which quickeneth mens ſpirits at her pleaſure, and her chiefeſt skilf
; is to know how to move paſſions and affeftions throughly , which are as tops and ſounds of the
Pericles com. Il , that would be plaied upon with a fine fingered hand of a cunning Maſter. All which, not
mended for his *E force of Eloquence onely brought to paſs , as T bucydides witneſſeth, bur the reputation of his lite,
900d life and and the opinion and confidence they had of his great worthineſs , becauſe he would not any
worthineſs. way be corrupted with gifts , neither bad he any covetouſneſs in him. For , when he had brought
his City not onely to be great , bur exceeding great and wealthy, and had in power and authoruy
exceeded many Kings and Tyrants , yea , even thoſe which by their Wills and Teſtaments might
have left great poſſeſſions to their Children , he never for all that encreaſed his Fathers Goods and
Parrimony left him the value of a groat in filver. And yet the Hiſtoriographer Thacydid:s doth
ſet forth plainly enough the greatneſs of his power, And the Comicall Poets alſo of that time
do report it maliciouſly under covert words , calling his familiar friends the new Pyſiftrarides,fay-
ing, how they muſt make him ſwear and proteſt he would never be King , giving- us thereby
to underſtand that his authority was roo exceeding great for a popular Government, And T elec{s-
des ( amongſt other ) ſaith, that the ATHEN1ans had putinto his hands the revenue of the Towns
and Cities under their obedience, and the Towns themſelves , to bind the one and looſe the other ,
and to pull down their walls, or to build them again at his pleaſure, They gave him power to
make peace and alliance , they gave all their force, treaſure and authority , and all their goods whol.
ly into his hands, Burt this was not for a little while , nor in a geer of favour, that ſhould continue
for a time , but this held out fourty years together , he being always the chief of his City amongſt
the Ephialtes , the Leocrates ,the 4:ronides , the Cimons, the Tolmides, and the Thycydides. For atter
he had prevailed againft Thxcydides , and had baniſhed him , he yet remained chief above all 0-
ther, the ſpace of years. Thus having attained a regal Dignity to command all , which
Pericles free continued as aforeſaid , where no other Captains authority endured but one year ; he ever kept
from giftstra- himſelf upright from bribes and money , though otherwiſe he was no ill husband , and could wa-
king. rily look to his own, As for his Lands and Goods left him by his Parents, that they miſcarricd
Pericles good not by negligence , nor that they ſhould trouble him much, in buſying himſelf co reduce them to a ya-
husbandry. ue , hedid ſo husband them as he thought was his beſt and eaſieſt way, For he ſold in groſs ever the
hole years profit and commodity of his lands , and afterward ſent to the market daily to buy the
cates, and other ordinary proviſion of houſhold. This did not like his Sons that were men grown,
neither were his women contented with it , who would have had him more liberal in his houle , for
they complained of his overhard and ftraight ordinary, becauſe in ſo noble and great an houſe as his,
there was never any great remain left of meat , but all things received into the houſe , ran under
account , and were delivered out by proportion. All this good husbardry of his was kept upright
in this good order , by one Ewvangelus , ſteward of his houſe , a man very honeſt and skilfull in all his
houſhold proviſion , and whether Pericles had brought him up to it , or that he had it by nature, it
Anaxagoras wasnot known, Burt theſe things were far contrary to Anaxagoras wildom , For he deſpiſing the
a Mathemati- yygrld, and caſting his affe&tion on heavenly things, did willingly forſake his houſe, and ſuffered all his
mn : land to run to lazes and to paſture. But ( in my opinion ) great is the diverſity between a contempla-
reat diverſity ©, © .. OY . i
betwixt con. Live life and a civil life. For the one emploieth all his time npon the ſpeculation of good and honeſt
templatiye and things ; and to attain to that , he thinketh he hath no need of any exterior help or inſtrument. The
civil life. other applying all his time upon vertue , to the common profit and benefit of mer, he thinketh chat he
needeth riches as an Inſtrument not onely neceſſary but alſo honeſt, As, look upon the example of
Pericles , who did relieve many people; And Anaxagoras ſpecially among other , of whom it is re-
ported , that Pericles being occupied about matters of ſtate at that rime , having no leiſure to think
Anaxagoras upon Anaxagoras , he ſeeing himſelf old and forſaken of the world , laid him down, and covered
derermined to his head cloſe, determining to ſtarve himſelf ro death with hunger. Pericles underſtanding this, ran
famiſh himſelf preſently to him as a man half caſt away , and prayed him as earneſtly as he could that he would dil-
"24 Ku poſe himſelfto live, being not onely ſorry for him, but for himſelf alſo, that he ſhould loſe fo
Anmxevors Fairkfull and wile a Counſellour in matters of ſtate and government, Then Anaxagoras ſhewed his
"ay; Pe. face, and told him: O Pericles, thoſe that will ſee by the light of a Lamp , muſt put oy] to it, to
ricles, make the light burn. Now began the La ctzD&MONIANS to grow jealous of the greatneſs of
the ATHENIANS , Wherefore Pericles to make the ATHENIANS hearts greater , and ſodraw their
minds to great enterpriſes ; ſer down an order they ſhould ſend Ambaſſadors to perſwade all the
| GRECIANS ( in what part ſoever they dwelt in EuxOyz or AS1A, aswell the little as the great
Pericles 3P- Cities ) to ſend their Deputies unto ATHENS, to the general aſſembly that ſhould be holden there
u5 eye St to take order for the Temples of the gods which the barbarous people had burnt, and touching
to be holden the ſacrifices they had vowed for the preſervation of GREECE, when they gave battel upon them,
at Athens, and touching Sea matters alſo , rhat =y man might fail in ſafery where he would , and cha: all
might live rogether in good peace and love one with another, To perform this commiſſion ,
rwenty perſons were ſent of this Amballiate, every one of them being fifty years of age and up-
S%S E* 4. £4 + & ©. & oe. St
ching
them;
a: all
ſion ,
4 up-
ward,
"PP ERICK ES.
ward. Whereof five of them went to the Dor a ns dwelling in As14, and tothe Inhabitants "i
the Iſles , even unto the Iſles of Lzs B0s, and of the RHoDs. Five other went through all the Coun-
trey of HELLESPONT, and of THRAC1A ,untothe City of BizaNnT1um. Other five were com-
manded to go intoBytOT1A, into PHOC1DESs , and through all P&LopONNESUs , and from
thence by the Countrey of the LocR1a ws, into the upland Countrey joyning to it , untill they came
into the Contrey of ACARNANIA and of AMBRACIA, And the other hve went firſt into the
Ile of Eusota , and from thence unto the OtT 41a Ns, and through all the gulf of Mar za unto
the PHTIOTES , unto the ACHAIANS , and the THESSALIANS , declaring to all the people
where they came the ATHENIANS Commilſſion , perſwading them to ſend unto ATHENS ,and io
be preſent at the Councill which ſhould be holden there for the pacification and union of all Gr: tc.
But when all came to all nothing was done, and the ſaid Cities of Gxz tc did not aſſemble , by pra-
Rice of the LACED&MONIANS ( as it is reported ) who were altogether the let , for the firſt retu-
fall that was made of their Summons was at PEL0PON NESUs. This have I written to make Pericl 5
noble courage to. be known , and how profound a wile man he ſhewed himſelf unto the world. Fur-
thermore when he was choſen Generall in the wars he was much eſteemed, becauſe he ever rook
great regard to the ſafery of his Souldiers. For by his good will he would never hazard battel, which
he ſaw might fall out doubtfull, or in any thing dangerous ; And moreover he never praiſed them for
good Generals , neither would he follow them that had obtained great Victories by hazard, howſoever
other did eſteem or commend them. For he was wont to ſay , that if none but himſelf did lead them
to the ſhambles, as much as lay in him, they ſhould be immortal. And when he ſaw Tolmides, the Son
of Tolmer ( truſting to his former Victories, and the praiſe and commendation of his good ſervice )
did prepare upon no occaſion, and to no purpoſe, to enter into the Countrey of BozoT1 a, and had
procured alſo a thouſand of the luſtieſt'and moſt valiant men of the City, to be contented to go with
him in that journey , over and above the reſt of the Army he had levied ; He went about to turn him
from his purpoſe, and to keep him at home, by many perſwaſions he uſed to him before the peoples
face, and ſpake certain words at that time that were remembred long after, and theſe they were ,
That if he would not beleeve Pericles counſell, yet that he would tarry time at the leaſt , which is the
wiſeſt Counſellor of men. Theſe words were prettily liked at that preſent time. But within few days
after , when news was brought that 7sl/mides ſelf was (lain in a battel he had loſt near unto the
City of Cor 0x EA, wherein periſhed alſo many other honeſt and valiant men of ATHens : His
words ſpoken before did then greatly encreaſe Pericles his reputation and good will with the common
people, becauſe he was taken for a wiſe man , and one that loved his Citizens. Bur of all his journeys
he made, being General over the army of the ATHEN1ANs, the journey of the CHexRONESUS was
beſt thought of and eſteemed, becauſe it fell out to the great benefit and preſervation of all the
GREC1ANS inhabiting in that Countrey. For beſides that he brought thither a thouſand Citi-
zens of ATHENS to dwell there ( in which doing he ſtrengrhned the Cities with ſo many good
men )he did fortifie the bar alſo, which did let it from being of an Iſle, with a fortification he drew
from one Sea to another , ſo that he defended the Countrey againſt all the invaſions and piracies of
the THRACIANS inhabiting thereabouts , and delivered it of extream war , with the which ir
was plagued before , by the barbarous people their neighbours , or dwelling amongſt them , who
onely lived upon _ and robbing on the Seas. So was he likewiſe much honoured and eſteemed
of ſtrangers when he did environ all P:LE ypONNEsus, departing out of the Hayen of PeGEs ,
on the Coaſt of MEG ara, with a Fleet of a hundred Galleys. For he did not onely ſpoil the Towns
all along the Seca fide , as Tolmides had done before him ; but going up further into the-main
Land , far from the Sea, with his Souldiers he had in the _ , he drave ſome of them to re-
tire withintheir walls, he made them ſo afraid, of him , and in the County of Nemta he over-
came the $1CYON1ANS in batrel , that tarried him in the field , and did erect a pillar for a notable
mark of his ViRory. And imbarking in his Ships a new Supply of Souldiers which he took up in
ACHAIA , being Friends with the ArHsn1ANS at that time , he paſſed over to the firm Land
that lay direQly againſt it. And pointing beyond the mouth of the River of ' Acheloxs , he invaded the
Countrey of ACHARNANIA , where he ſhut upthe Ozntapts within their walls. And after he
had laid waſt and deſtroyed all the Champion Countrey , he returned home again ro ATHrens :
Having ſhewed himſelf in this Journey a dreadful] Captain to his enemies , and very carefull
for the ſafety of his Souldiers. For there fell out no manner of misfortune all this Journey ( by
chance or otherwiſe ) unto the Souldiers under his Charge. And afterwards going with a
great Navy marvellous well appointed. unto the Realm of PoxTus , he did there gently uſe and
entreat the Cities of GREECE, and granted them all that were required of him , makmg the barba-
rous people inhabiting thereabouts , and the Kings and Princes of the ſame alſo , ro know the
great power and foxce of the ATHEN1aNns , Who failed without fear all about where they
thought good, keeping all the Coaſts of the Sea under their obedience. Furthermore, he left with
the S1NOP1ANS thirteen galleys , with certain number of Souldiers under Captain Lamachms ,
to defend them againſt the Tyrant Timeſileus, who being expulſed and driven away with thoſe of
his Faction , Pericl-s cauſed Proclamation to be made at ATHENS , that fix hundred freemen of
the City, that had any defireto go , without compulſion, might go dwell at $10 2 4 , where they
ſhould have divided among them the goods and Lands of the Tyrant and his Followers. But he
did. not: follow- the fooliſh vain bumours of his Cirizens, nor would not yeeld to their unſa-
tiable coverouſneſs, who being ſer on a jolliry to ſee themſelves ſo ſtrong and of ſuch a gags 1
N 3 befides
Pericles loved
the (atc ty of
his men in
WATrs.
Time the beſt
Counſcllor,
Tolmades ilain
in the held.
Pericles jout-
neys,
Achelous fi,
Eg
ts Do —- _—_——— =D .4
—
—_
a —
_ CO— - - 4
nit oo.
beſides, ta Have good luck , would needs ofniceagain attempr ts contemn AG FT , and to re-
Pericles would volt all the Countreys upon the Seacoaſts, fromthe Empire ofthe King-of Pzr 51A, for there were
not follow the niatiy of them whtofe minds were marvellouſly benr to- atrempe the! unfortunate enterptiſe of en-
covetoulneſs rring $rcx114 , which Alcibiudes afterwards did mucti prick forward, And ſome of chem dream.
- the _ ed befides, of the Conqueſt of Trusc AN ,and the Empire of CanTrHasG E, But this was'not al.
of Sicatis together withbut ſome likelihood, nor withour occaſion of hope , corifidering the large bounds
* of their kingdom, and' the fortunate eſtate of their affairs, which fell our according torheir owt
deſire. But Pericles did hinder their going out, andeur oft altogether their curious deſire , employing
the nioſt part of their power and' force , ro'* keep that they had already gotten : judging irno- ſmall
Pericles n matter to' keep down the Lac zDamoNrIAans from growing greater, For he was always an
enemy to the enemy to the Lac EDEMONTANS , as he ſhewed- himſelf in- many things, but ſpecially in the war
—— made, called'rhe Holy war. For the Laczpamonians having pur the PHocians from
the charge of the Temple of pots , inthe City of Dzz y1Os, which they had uſurped , and having
reſtored the DEL yHIANS again unto the ſame, ſo ſoon as they were gone thence , Pericles went
alſo with another Army, and reftored the PHOc1aws in again. And whereas the Lac zpano.
NIANS had cauſed ro be graven in the forehead of a Wolf of brafs', the priviledge the De r-
PHIANS had granted chem , to be the firſt thar ſhould make their demands of rhe Oracle: he hayi
artdined the like priviledge of the PH0c1ans , madehis Image alſo to be graven on the right fide of
the fame Image of the brafen Wolf, Now how wiſely Pericles did govern Gx ttc by the power
of the ATHENTANS, his deeds do plainly ſhew. For firſt of all, the countrey of Euz0z x did
rebell' , apainft whom he brought the Army of the Ar#znians. And ſuddenly in the neck of
that, came news from anorher Coaſt , that the Me6 ar1a ns alſo were in armes againſt them , and
Pliſtonax King how they were already erred inco the countrey of 4 TTrca with a great Army, led by Pliftonax
of Lacedemon. King of LACEDEMON. This occaſion drew him homeward again, arid fo he marched back with
ſpeed into his countrey', to make preparation to encounter his enemies , that were already entred
into the territories of ArTr1ca. He durft not offer them batrell, being fo great a number of valianc
Souldiers: bur heating that King P/iffonax was yet but a young mart , and'was ruled altogether b
andiihes Claudriaes counfelt and direRtion (whom the Ephores had placed about him to counſell and fired
corrupted by Þiti ) he ſought privily co cortupt Cle4#adrides. When he had won him ſoon with his money , he
Pericles. perfwaded him to draw bick the PxLOpONNESIANS out of their countrey of ATTICa : and
ſo hedid; But when the Laczp&wmontans ſaw their Army caffed , and that the people were
gone their way , every man to his own' City or Town, they were fo mad at ir, that the King was
condemned in a great ſur. The King being unable ro anſwer his Fine, which was ſo extream grea,
: he wisdriven to abfenthimſelf from Laczpamnon. Clandrizes on the other ſide, if he had not fled
09 4:4. i rirne; even for ſpite had been condemned to death, ThisCleanarides was Gyl5ppre Father, that af.
eine at $yre. erwards overcarie the ATHENIANS in S1C1L1A , in whom it ſeemed nature bred covetouſneſs,
cu{z in Sicily. 4s A diſeaſe inheritable by ſncceſſion from the Father ro the Son, For he being ſhamefully convi-
Gylippus rob- Red alfo, for certain vile parts he had plaid, was likewiſe baniſhed. from'SearT a : as we have more
bed part of the amply declared in the Life of Lyſander. And Pericles delivering vp the account of his charge,and ſer-
- 7 ty ow tiog down an Article of the expence of ten Talents he had employed, or ſhould employ im needfull
withall to Cauſes : the people allowed them him , never asking queſtion how , or which way , nor whether it was
Sparta. rrue that they were beſtowed. Now there are certaifi writers ( amongſt whom the Philoſopher
Pericles Wiſe Theophraſtus is one ) who write , that Pericles ſent _ unto SPARTA ten Talents , withrhe
pouwee _— which he entertained thofe thar were in anthority there, becauſe they ſhould make no wars with them :
ont. Hot to buy peace ofthern', bur time , that he might in the mean ſeafon, with better commodity, and
Pericles as in that leiſure, - provide to mairitain the wars. After»thar , as the Army of the PxLopownEsIans
Eubea, were out of the countrey of Att1ca , he returned againſt the Rebels, and paſſed into the Iſle
Evso0EA with fifty ſayle , and five thouſand Footmen well armed : and there he overcame all the Ci-
ries that had taken armes againſt him , and drave away the Hyppobores , who were the moſt famous
men of all the CHALCtDIANS , as well for their riches, as for their valiantneſs, He drave away
alſo all the HEsT1&14 Ns, whom he chafed clean out of all the Conntrey, and placed intheir City,
oriely the Citizens of ATHENS, And thecaufe why he dealt ſo rigorouſly with them was , becauſe
they having taken a Galley of the ATH1zxraws prifoner, had put all the men to death that were in
Pericles mas Ir And peace being concluded afterwards berweett the ATHzenians and LactDawontans
keth war with for thirty years : he proclaimed open wars againſt: thoſe of the Ifle of $a 0's , burthening them,
the Samians, that they being commanded by the ATHENIANS to pacifre the quarrels which they had againſt the
| M1LEsS1ANS , they would not obey. But becauſe fome hold opinion, that he took upon him this
Aſpaſia a paſ- wat againſt SAwOs, for the love of A/paſia, it ſhall be no great digreffion of our ſtory, to tell you
ling wiſe We- by the way, what manner of Woman ſhe was , and what a marvellous gift and power ſhe had, that
”—_ ſhe could entangle with her love the chiefeſt Rulers and Governouts ar that time of the Common-
The deſert weal , and that the Philoſophers themſelves did ſo largely ſpeak and write of her, Firſt of all, it is
WS Aſbibi certain that ſhe was born in the City of M1LETum , and was the Daughter of one A x5ochx : he
Thargliz following the ſteps and example of an old Curtifan of Iowta , called Thargelia , gave her (elf onely
r6 entertain the greateſt Perſons and chiefeſt Rulers in her time. For this Thargelia being paſling
fair, and carrying a cormely grace with her , having a ſharp wit and pleaſant tongne, ſhe had the
acquaintance and friendſhip of the greateſt of all Gxzzc# , and wan all thoſe thar did haunt her
company, to be at the King of Perfia's commantlment, So that ſhe ſowed through all the Cities
of
o
»
”
———_— —_ ————
Þ ERICLES.
tw _ I SEE -. DC "I
— _—
Wo ——————
of GRBECS, great beginningsof the faction\of the MeDts : for they-were- the greateſt men of pow»
er. and authoritp of: every: City, that! were- acquainted: with- hey. But as for 4/pafia , ſome ſay.that
Pericles refoned unto: her. , becauſb ſhe was-aiwiſe woman:, andihad great underſtanding in matters of
ſtare and government, For: Sacraees: himſelf wen to- ſee- her ſomevimes with his friends.: and thoſe
chat uſed her company:alſo.,. brought ther Wives: many-times- with them to-heay: her-ralk : though
hep train/ were , to: entertain! ſuch as would warm theny by. her' fire. «A chines writeth,, thax
Lyſicles a Grafier , being before but a mean man , and of a clubbiſh nature, came to- be the chief
man of ATHENS, by —_—— off A/paſie., after the death of Pericles, And to Pla»
ro' « book. intituled: Afexecerorzes,. al ther beginning; of. it: be- bur. pleaſantly written, yet in thar,
this ſtory- is writtertruly : tliavitis' 4ſpaſia was repaired unto: by: divers of. the A'THENI1ANS, to
lem the Ave of Rhetorick. off hev. Yer notwithſtanding; it ſeemeath molt likely, thar the affe&tion
Pevicles did beav her , grew! rather of love then. of any other cauſe. For he was married unto. a alitcs of
Kinſwoman of his- own , and that; before was: Hipponioxs Wile ,, by-whom-the had Callias,furnamed ,;5 *
the: rich- : and had afterwards. by: Pryicles,, Xinappus and: Parales; But not liking her company, be Pericles mar-
gave' her with her own: goodwill aud-conſentunto another, and. married A/paſis whonu he dearly ried Aſpaſia
loved, For ever whenhe went abroad, and:came home again, be faluted her wh. a- kiſs. Whereup- the famous
on in the ancient Comedies, ſhe is called in many, places , the new Omphale , and ſometimes-Deianmras curtifan.
and ſometimes 70; Bur Cratinw-plainly callech her Whore in-theſe verſes :
His 7 uno ſhe him brought , Aſpaſia by Name ,
Bch was indeed'an open whore,and paſt all kind of ſhame.
And:ir feemerh that he had a-Baſtazd : for Expolia in a Comedy of his called Demoſs, bringeth himvin,
axking P3ronides thus :
I pray thee 1 my baſtard-Son yer ative ?
And them Pirorideranſwered hiv:
4 perfett max long ſince, he ſurely had been found ,
If that thas lewd and naughty whore, his vertue had not drownd.
Toconclude; this Aſpaf6e was ſofamous', that Cyrzs ( be that fought again King Arraxer xes his
Brother , for the Empire: of Pzx ra ) called Aſpafia his beſt beloved of all- his Concubines, which
before was called 241izo, and was born in P{be1DEs , being Hermerimus Daughter. And Cyrus
being ſlain in the fleld , A/paſie was carried to the King his Brother , with whom afterwards ſhe was
ingreat favour. As 1 was writing this Life , this ſtory came in my-mind : and me thought I ſhould
have dealt hardly, if I ſhould have left itunwritten. But to our matter again. Perzoles was char-
that he made wars againſt the SantaNns , on the behalf of the MiLEStANS, at the re-
queſt of A/peſia : for thele two Cities were at wars together for the City of Px1zxA , but the
SAM1ANS were the ſtronger. Now the AT#8N1aNns commanded them to lay afide their armes,
and to come and: plead their marrer before them, that the right might be decided: but they refuſed
« utterly, Wherefore Pericles went thither and 200k away the government of the ſmall number
of Nobiliry , taking for hoſtages , fifty of the chiefeſt Men of the City, and ſo many Childzen beſides,
which he left ro-be kept in the Iſle of Ls8mnOs. Some fay every one of theſe hoſtages offered to
give him a Talent : and beſides choſe , many other offered him the like , ſuch as would not have the Piſſurbnes th
foveraigh authoriry pur into-the hands of the people. Moreover Pſſwrhres the P&RSIAN , Lieu» perfay. 0
tenant ro the King of Perſia ,, for the good will he bore thofe of $a m0s, did ſend Pericles ten» thou- A good proof
fand: Crowns to relewie the hoſtages. But Pericles never took Penny : and baving done that he de- that Pericles
termined at SAMOs , and eſtabliſhed a popular government , he | returned again ts Athens. Not. 75 705 cove-
withſtanding , the $a M1avs rebelled immediately after, having recovered their hoſtages again by
means -of this P:ſſarhnes that Role them away , and did furniſh them alſo with all their munition of
war, Whereupon Pericles returning againit themy once more , he found them not idle, nor amazed
at bis coming , but reſolutely derernuned to receives him , and to fight for the ſeigniory by ſea. So
there was a great bartell fought berween them neer the Iſle of THRAC14, and Perielrs wan the
bateell : having with forty four ſail onely nobly overcome his enemies, which were threeſcore and Fericlcs Vi-
ten in number, whereof twenty of them were Ships of war. And fo following his victory forthwith, mo $6 pn
he wan alſo the Port of SA MOs, and kept the Sa 1a ns beſieged within their own City - where 00
they were yet fo bold , as they would make fallies out many times , and fight before the walls of the
Ciry. Bur when there arrived a new ſupply of Ships , bringing a greater aid' unto Pericles, then
were they ſhut up onall ſides. Pericles then taking threeſcore Galleys with him , lanched out into
the fea , with intent ( as ſome ſay) to go meet certain Ships of the PaozN1cians ( that
came to aide the Sxawrans )/as tar from SAmOs as he could : or as Sreſimbrors faith, to go
ms Cyyrus , which me thinketh is not true. But whatſoever was his inten , he committed a
foul favlt, For Melifſws ( the fon of 7thegenes , 2 great Philoſopher being at chat time Generall Me1iſus a Phi-
of the Santans , pereciving that few ſhips were left behind at the ſiege of the City , and that the !9fopher, Ge-
Captains alfo that kad the e of them were not very expert men of war, perſwaded his ne = _
T itiZens to make @ ſallie upon them, Wherenpon they fought a batiel} , and the Sa mans over- as
Gmne :; the Armenians were taken priſeners , and they funk many of their ſhips. Now they
being Lords again of the ſea , did furniſh their Ciry with all manner of munizion for wars , where-
of before they had grext want, Yet Ariftorle writeth , that Perzc/-s (elf was once overcome in a
battelf ar (ea by AMclifſme. Furthermore the SamIans , tobe even with the ATHEN1AaNs for
the injury they ad received of theny betoxe , did brand thens in the forehead with the ſtamp -
w
PERICLES.
The Owl the Owl , the Owl being then the ſtamp of their Coin at ATYyeNs, even as the ATHENTANs had
ſtamp of the branded the SAM1AN priſoners with the ſtamp of Samena. This Samena is a kind of Ship amongſt
= nag the SAm1ans, low afore, and welllaid our inthe mid-ſhip , ſo that it is excellent good to riſe with
Semen 2 kind the waves of the Sea , and is very ſwift under fail : and it was ſo called, becauſe the firſt Ship thar
of Ship. was made ofthis faſhion, was made in the Iſle of Sa os, by the Tyrant Polycrates. It is ſaid that
The witty the Poet Ariſftophanes , covertly conveying the ſtamp of the Sam1a ws, ſpeaking merrily in a place
ſying ; - +. Of his Comedies, faith :
+." ang a The Samians are great Learned men.
Pericles being advertiſed of the overthrow of his Army , returned preſently to the reſcue. Aliſſa
went to meet him, and gave him battell : but he was overthrown, and driven back into his City ,
where Pericles walled them in round about the City , defaring victory rather by time and charge, then
bydanger , and loſs of his Souldiers. But when he ſaw that they were weary with traCt of time, and
that they would bring it to hazard of battell, and that he could by no meanes withhold them : he
then divided his Army into eight Companies , whom he made todraw Lots , and that Company that
lighted upon the white Bean, they ſhould be quier, and make good cheer, while the other ſeven fought.
And they ſay, that frotn thence it came , that when any have made good cheer , and taken pleaſure a-
broad, they do yet call it a white day, becauſe of the white Bean, Ephorus the Hiſtoriographer writeth,
that it wasthere, where firſt of all they begun ro uſe Engines of war to pluck down great walls ,
and that Peyicles uſed firſt this wonderfull invention : and that Artemon an Engineer was the firſt
deviſer of them, He was carried up and down in a Chair , to ſet forward theſe Works, becauſe he
had a lame Leg : and for this cauſe he was called Periphoretos, But Heraclides Pcnticus confuterh
Srvemen Ephorus therein, by the verſes of Avnacreon , in the which Artemon is Periphoretos , many years be-
Periphoretos a forethis war of SAmos began : and ſaith , this Pcriphoyetos was a marvellous render man, and fo
zimerous man. fooliſhly afraid of his own ſhadow , that the moſt part of his time he ſtirred not out of his houſe, and
did fit alwayes having two of his men by him , that held a copper Target over his head , for fear leaſt
any thing ſhould fall upon him. And if upon any occaſion he were driven to go abroad out of his
houſe ; he would be carried in a little bed hanging near the ground , and for this caufe he was ſurna-
The Semians med Periphoretos. At the laſt , at nine moneths end , the SA 1A ns'were compelled to yeeld. So
- = tO Pericles took the City and razed their walls to the grbund : he brought their Ships away, and made
<2 them pay a marvellous great tribute , whereof part he received in hand, and the reſt payable at a
certain time , raking hoſtages with him for aſſurance of payment. But Dxys the Sama dila-
teth theſe matters marvellous pitifully , burthening the ATH#z NIANS, and Periclcs ſelf with unna-
turall cruelty : whereof neither Thucydides, nor Ephorw, nor Ariſtotle himſelf maketh mention. And
fare 1 cannot beleeve it is true that is written. That he brought the Captains of the Gallies, and the
Souldiers themſelves: of SAm1a , into the miarket-place of the City of M1LETUM , where he made
thera to be bound faſt unto boards for the ſpace of ten days, and at- the end of the ſame ; the poor
men half dead, were beaten down with clubs and their heads paſhed in pieces ; and afterwards
they threw-our their bodies tothe Crows, and would not bury them. So Dur being accuſtomed to
overreach, and tolye many times in things nothing touching him, ſeemeth in this place out of all rea-
ſon to aggravate the calamities of his Countrey , onely to accuſe the ATHENIANS, and to make them
odious to the world. Pericles having won the City of Sa Mos , he returned again to ATHENS,
where he did honourably bury the bones of his ſlain Cirizens in 'this war : and himſelf ( according
to their manner and cuſtom ) made the funerall Orarion , for the which he was marvelloully efteem-
&d./In ſuch ſort , *that+ after he came down from the Pulpit where he made his Oration , the Ladies
and Gentlewomen of the City came to ſalute him , and brought him Garlands to put upon his head ,
as they uſe to do to noble Conquerours when they return from'Games where they have won
Elpinice. the Prize. But Elpixicd coming to him, ſaid , Surely Pericles , thy good ſervice done, deſerveth
Pericles taunt Garlands of Triumph : for thou haſt loft us many a good and valiant Citizen, not fighting with the
to an old wo- MDs, the PHOENICIANS , and with the barbarous people , as my Brother C;mon did , but
_ for deſtroying a-City of our own Nation and Kindred. Pericles to theſe words, ſoftly anſwered Elpi-
nice, with Archilochu verſe, ſmiling : a.
| when thou art old, paint not thy ſelf.
But Jon writeth , that he greatly gloried, and ſtood mute in his own concett , after he” had fubdued the
SAMIANS, ſaying : Agamemnon was ten years taking of a Cityof the barbarous people , and he
in nine moneths -onely had won the ſtrongeſt City of the whole Nation'of loN14,, Indeed he had
good cauſe to- glory in his victories : for truly ( if Thacydides report be true ) his conqueſt was no
leſs doubrfull , rhen he found it dangerous. For the SAMIANS had almoſt been: Lords of the Sea,
and raken the ſeigniory thereof from the ATHenTans. After this, the wars of PE&LOpONNE-
-$us being hot again , the CoRINTHTANS invading the Iſlanders of Cox yxu 5: Pericles did
' perſwade the ATHENIANS to ſend aid unto the CoReHIANS, and to joyn in league with that
Iſland, which were of great power by ſea , ſaying: that the PELOPONNESIANS ( before it were
long ) would have 'war with them. The ATHEN1ans conſented to his motion , to aid thoſe
of Cor yuy. Whereupon they ſent thither Lacedemonius ( (imons Son ? with ten Gallies onely
for a mockery : for all Cimons family and friends , were wholly at the Lac EDAMONIANS devo-
tion: Therefore gid ' Pericles cauſe Lacedemonins to have ſo few Ships delivered him, and further,
ſent him thithet. againſt his will, ro theend that if he did no notable exploit in this ſervice, that they
might chen the more juſtly ſuſpe& his good will tothe Laczpan0n1a ns, Moregyer whileſt he
liv
—
PERICLES.
lived, he did ever what he could to keep Cimons Children back from riſing : becauſe that by their
Names they were no naturall born ATHENIANS, but ſtrangers. Forthe one was called Licedeme-
nis , the other Theſſaulus , and the third «£15 : and the Mother to all them three, was an Ar-
cadian woman born, But Pericles being blamed for that be ſent .but ten Gallies onely, which was
but a ſlender aid for thoſe that had requeſted them, and a great matter to them that ſpake ill of him :
he ſent thither afterwards a great number of other Gatlies , which came when the battell was fought.
—
Cimons Sons,
But the COR1NTHI1A NS were marvellous angry , and went and complained to the Council of the
LACEDAMONIANS , Where they laid open many grievous complaints and accuſations againſt the
ATHENIANS , and fo did the MEGARIANS allo : alledging that the ATHenians had for-
bidden them their havens , theu Raples, and all traffick of merchandiſe in their territories under their
obedience, which was directly againſt the common Laws and Axticles of Peace , agreed upon by
Oath among all the Gatcians. Moreover , the AG1NETEsS finding themlelves very ill and
cruelly handled , did ſend fſecredly to make their mone and complaints to the LactzpamoNxians,
being afraid openly to complain of the ATHENTans. While theſe things were a doing, the City
of PoT1D4A , ſubjeRt at that time unto the ATHENIANS ( and was built in old time by the
CORINTHIANS) did rebell , and was beſieged by the ATHENIANS which did haſten on the
wars. Notwithſtanding this , Ambaſſadors were firſt ſent unto ATHENS upon theſe complaints :
and Archidaww King of the LaczD&mONIANS did allthat he could to pacifie the moſt part of
theſe quarrels and complaints, intreating their friends and allies. So as the ATHENians had had
no wars at all , for any other matters , wherewith they were burihened , if they would have granted
to have revoked the Decree they had made againſt the MEGARIans, Whereupon Pericles , that
above all other ſtood moſt againft the revocation of that Decree, and that did ſtir up the people
and made them ſtand to that they had once decreed and ordered againſt the M:GaR1Aans : was
thought the originall cauſe and auchor of the P=LoroNNESIAN wars, For it is ſaid that the La-
CEDAMONIANS fent Ambaſſadors unto ATHENS for that matzer onely. And when Pericles
alledged a Law that did forbid them to take away the Table whereupon before time had been writ-
ten any common Law or Edict : Polzarces, onegt LacED&Mmon Ambailadors,ſaid unto him : Well,
ſaid be, take it not away then, but turn the Table onely , your Law I am ure forbiddeth not thar.
This was pleaſantly ſpoken of the Ambafſadour , but Pericles could never be brought to it for all
that. And therefore it ſeemeth he had ſome ſecret occafion of grudge againſt the MG arans :
yet as -one that would finely convey it under the common.caule and cloak, hetook from them the
holy lands they were ry, And to bring his to pals , he made an Order , .that they ſhould
ſend an Herauld to ſummon the MEG aRIANS to let the Land alone, and that the ſame Herauld
ſhould go alſo unto the LacxD&MONIANS to accule the MEG ARIANS unto them, It is true
that this Ordinance was made by Pericles means , as alſo it was moſt juſt and reaſonable : but it for-
tuned ſo , that the meſſenger they ſent rhither died , and not without ſuſpicion that the Mz 6 a-
RIANS Made him away. Wherefore Charinzs made a Law preſently againſt the MzG ara xs ;
that they ſhould be proclaimed mortall enemies co the ATHENIANS for ever , without any hope
of after reconciliation. And alſo it any MEG aR1AaN ſhould once put his foot within the territories
of ATTICA , that he ſhould ſuffer the pains.of death. And moreover , that their Captains taking
yearly their ordinary Oath , ſhould fwear among other Articles, that twice in the year they
ſhould go with their power , and deſtroy ſome part of the MzGarIans Land, And laftly, that
the Herauld Anthimocritue , ſhould be buried by the.place called then the Gates Thriafeenes , and now
called D5py/on. Bur the MEG4R1a Ns ftoutly denying, that they were any cauſe of the death of this
Arthimoc rites, did altogether burthen A/paſia and Pericles with the lame, alledging for proof thereof
Ariſtophanes verſes the Poet,in his Comedie he intituled the Archarnes, which are ſo common, asevery
boy hath rhem at his rongues end.
T he young men of our Land (to drunken bibbing bent )
Ran out one day unrulily , and toward Mevara went :
From whence in their outrage, by force they tock away ,
Simethanoble Curtiſan, as ſhe did ſport and play.
Wherewith enraged all ( with pepper in the noſe )
T he proud Megarians came tous , as totheir mortall foes ,
And took by ftealth away of Harlots the a pair ,
Attending on Aſpaſia , Which were both young and tair.
But in very deed , totell the originall cauſe of this war , and to deliver the troth thereof, it is very
hard, Bur all the Hiſtoriographers together agree , that Pericles was the chiefeſt author of the war ,
becauſe the Decree made againſt the MEGARIANS , Was not revoked 'back again, Yer ſome
hold opinion , that Pericles did it of a noble mind and judgement , to be conftant in that he thoughs
moſt expedient, For he judged-that this commandment of the LaczpamoNntans was bur a tri-
all , to prove if the ATHENIANS would grant them : and if chey yeelded to them in that, then
they-manifeſtly-ſhewed that they were the weaker. Other contrarily-ſay , thatic was done of a ſelf-
will and arrogancy , to ſhew his authority and -power , andhow hedid deſpiſe theLa c£D£0-
NIANS. Butthe fhrewdeft proof of all, that bringerh beſt authority with it , is reported after this
lon. Phideas the Ipage-maker ( as we havexold you. before ) had undertaken to make the Image of
Pallas : and being Pericles friend , was in great eftimation about him ; but chat procured him man
ilwillers. Then they being defirous to hear by him what the-people would judge of Pericles , oo
inrice
The Athenizns
acculicd ar La-
cedamen.
Pericles author
of the wars
againſt P;ls-
ponneſus.
Pericles malice
againſt the
Megarians,
Phidias the
Image-maker.
PD
Fa we
PERICLES.
— —OO——— -
Aſpaſia accu»
ſed
Prytani, Trea-
ſurers of the
Common-tines
The Laccda-
monians inyade
Athens.
An excellent
compariſon to
{tay. the Soul-
dizrs deſire to
tivht.
inticed 2ſenon,one ofthe Workmen that wrought under Phid;as,and made him come into the market-
place to pray afſurance-of the people that he might openly accuſe Phidias , for a fault he had commir-
ted about Pallas Image, The people received his obedience,, and his accuſation was heard openly in
the market-place , but no mention - was made of any theft at all, becayſe that Phidias ( through
Pericles counſell and device) had from the beginning ſo laid on the gold upon the Tmage, that it might
be taken oft and weighed every whit, Whereupon Pericles openly ſaid unto his acculers, take off the
gold and weigh ir. The glory of his works did purchaſe him this envy : For he having graven upon
the Scutcheon of the goddeſs , the battell of the Amazons , had cut out the portraiture of him-
ſelf marvellous lively , under the perſon of an old bald man , lifting up a great ſtone with both his
hands. Further, he had cut out Pericles Image excellently wrought and artificially , ſeeming in man-
ner to be Pericles ſelf , fighting with an AMAazon in this ſort : the AMa zoNs hand being lift up
high , holdeth a dart before Pericles face , fo paſſing cunningly wrought , as it ſeemeth ro ſhadow the
likeneſs and reſemblance of Pericles : and yet notwithſtanding appeareth plainly to be Pericles ſelf
on either ſide of the portraiture, So Phidzas was clapt up in priſon, and there died of a ſickneſs, or
elſe of poiſon ( as ſome ſay ) which his enemies had prepared for bim , and all to bring Pericles into
ſurther ſuſpicion , and to give them the more cauſe to accuſe him. But howſoever it was, the people
gave Menon his freedom, and ſet him free from payment of all Subſidies, following the order G!ycor
made , and gave the Captains charge they ſhould ſee him (afely kept, and that he took no hurt, And
aboumghe ſame time alſo A /paſia was accuſed , that ſhe did not beleeve in the gods : and her accuſer
was Hermippus , maker of the Comedies. He burdened her further , that ſhe was a Bawd to Pericles,
and received Citizens Wives into her houſe , which Pericles kept. And Dzophetes at the ſametime
made a Decree , that they ſhould make ſearch and enquiry for Hereticks that did not beleeve in the
gods, and that taught certain new Doctrine and opinion touching the operations of things above in
the element , turning the ſuſpition upon Pericle, becauſe of Anaxagoras. Thepeopledid receive
and confirm this inquiſition ; and it was moved alſo then by Dracondites , that Pericles ſhould de-
liver an account of the Money he had ſpent , unto the hands of the Pryranes, who were treaſurers of
the common Fines and Revenues ; and that the Judges deputed to give judgement, ſhould give ſen-
tence within the Ciry upon the Altar. But Agyos put that word out of the Decree, and Js in-
ſtead thereof , that the Cauſe ſhould be judged by the fifteen hundred Judges , as they thought good,
ifany man brought his Action for Theft , for Battery , or for Injuſtice. As for Aſpaſa, be ſaved her,
even for the very pity and compaſſion the Judges took of him, for the tears he ſhed in making his
bumble ſuit for her, all the time he pleaded her caſe, as e/£ /chinerwriteth. But for Axaxagors,
fearing that he- could not do ſo much for him , he ſent him out of the City , and himſelf did accom-
pany him. Arid furthermore, ſeeing he had incurred the ill will of the people for Phidias fac, and
for this cauſe fearing the iſſue'of the judgement ; he fer the wars afire again , that always went
backward , and: did but ſmoak a little , hoping by this means to wear out the accuſations againſt him,
and to root out the malice ſome did bear him. For the people having weighty matters in hand and
very dangerous alſo, he knew they would pur all into his hands alone , he having won already ſuch
great authority and reputation” among them. And theſe be the cauſes why he would not ( as it is ſaid )
ſuffer the ATHENIANS to yeeld unto the LaceD&MONIANS in any thing : howbeit the truh
cannot certainly be known, But the LaczD&MoNIA Ns knowing well , that if they could weed
out Pericles, and overthrow him, they .might then deal as they would with the ATHEN1a xs:
they commanded them they ſhould purge their City of Cy/ons: rebellion , becauſe they knew well
enough that Pericles kin by the Mothers fide were to be touched withall, as Thacyaiges declareth,
But this praGice fell out contrary to their hope and expectation , that were ſent to ATHE Ns for this
purpoſe. For , weening to have brought Perscles into further ſuſpicion and diſpleaſure , the Citizens
honoured him the-more, and had a better affiance in him then before , becauſe they ſaw his enemies
did ſo much fear and hate him, Wherefore, before King Archidamwus entred with the Army of the
PELOPONNESIANS into the Countrey of ATT1ca, he told the ATHENTans, that if King
Archidamus fortuned to: waſte and deftroy all the Countrey about, and ſhould ſpare his Lands and
Goods for the old love and familiarity that was between them, or rather to give his enemies occi-
ſion falſly to accuſe him : that from thenceforth , he gave all the Lands and Tenements he had in the
Countrey , unto the Commonwealth. So it fortuned that the Lac :D&moNIANS with all their
friends and confederates , brought a marvellous Army into the Countrey of AT T1c a , under the
leading of King Archidamws : who burning and ſpoiling all the Countrey they came along, they came
unto the- Town of ACHARNES , where they encamped , ſuppoſing the ATHEN1aNs would
never ſuffer them to approach ſo near , but that they would give them bartell for the honour and
defence of their Countrey , and to ſhew that they were no cowards, But Pericles wiſely conſidered
how the danger was too great to hazard battell, where the loſs of the Ciry of ATHzens ſtood in
peril, ſeeing they were threeſcore thouſand Footmen of the PELoPONNESIANS , and of th
BEOTIANS together : for ſo many was their number in the firſt voyage they made againſt the
ATHENIANS. And as for thoſe that were very. deſirous to fight , and to put themſelves to any
hazard, being mad to ſee their Countrey thus waſted and deſtroyed before their eyes , Pericles did
comfort and pacifie them with theſe words : That Trees being cut and hewn down, did ſpring aga"
in ſhort time : but men being once dead , by no poſlibiliry could be brought again. Therefore he
never durſt afſemble the people in Council , fearing leſt he ſhould be enforced by che multicude, to
do ſomething ſtill againſt his will, But as a wiſe Pilot , when he fſeeth a ſtorm coming on =
ot
wow...
fidered
tood IN
of the
inſt the
s £0 an}
icles 0
ag agai
Sree
iude, '0
theſes,
doih
PERICLES.
—_— ——
doth ſtraight give order to make all things ſafe in the Ship , preparing every thing ready to defend
the Gn, according to his art and $kill , not hearkening to the ralfingcres Hf wry onde pitiful
rears, who think themſelves caft away : even fo did Pericles rule all things according to his wiſdom,
having walled the Ciry ſubſtantially gbour , and ſer good watch in every corner . and paſſed not for
thoſe that were angry and with him, neither would he be periwaded'by his friends carneſt
requeſt and intreaties , neither cared for his enemies threats nor accuſations againft him- ,noryer
reckoned of all their foolifh ſcoffing Songs then ſung of him in the City to the ſhame and reproach of
his government , faying that he was a cowardly Caprain , and thar for daſtardlineſs he let the <ne-
mies take all, and ſpoil what they would. Of which number C/eox was one that moſt defamed him and cteon 2: ufuN
began to enter into ſome prety credit and fayour with the common people , for that they were angry , Pericles,
and miſliked with . Peric/es ; as appeareth by theſe ſlanderous veries of Hermippus ; which were then
abroad ;
O King of Satyres thou, who With ſuch manty ſpeech,
Of blouay wars and doughty deeds, doſt daily to ns preach :
Why art thou now afraid to taks thy Lance in hand ,
Or with thy Pike againſt thy foes, couragionſly to ſtand ?
Since Cleon ftont and fierce, doth daily thee provoke ,
With biting words,with trenchant blades,and deadly daunting ftroak,
All this notwithſtanding , Peric/es was never moved any thing, bug with ſilence did pariently þear
all injuries and ſcoffings of his enemies, and did fend for alt that, a navy of a hundred fail unco
PELOPONNE$US , whether he would not go in perſon , but kept himſelf at home, to keep thie
people in quiet , untill fuch time asthe enemies had raiſcd their Camp, and were gone away. And to
entertain þ 1 common people that were offended and angry at this war, he comforted the poor Note Pericles
people again , with cauling a certain diftribution to be made amongſt them of rhe common Trea- policie to pa-
{ure, and diviſion alſo of the Lands that were gorby Conqueſt. For atter he had driven all the AG x. << the peo-
NET E$ out of their Countrey , he capfed the whole Ifle of £618 4 to be divided by Lot amongft = ny
the Citizens of ArHENns. And then it was a =-uÞ comfort to them in this adverfiry , to hear of by Ge ode
their enemies hurt and lofs-in fuch manner as &1d fall our, For their army chat was ſent by ſea nine.
unto PELOPONNESUS , had wafted and deftroyed a great part of the champion countrey there , and
had ſacked beſides many ſmall Cities and Towns. Pericles (elf alſo entring mo the MEGARIA Ns
Countrey by land, did waſt the whole Countrey all afore him. So the PELoPoNNESTIANS Te-
ceiving by ſea as much hurt and lofs at the Athenians hands", as they before had done by land
unto ATHENIANS ; they had not holden out wars fa long with the Armentans , bur r_ =
would ſoon have given over ( as Pericles had told them before) had not the gods above ſecrerly :
bindred mans reafon and policie. For firſt of all there came fucha ſore plague among the Ar x-
NIANS , that it topk away the flower of Aryz ws youth , and weakned the force of the whole
City beſides. Furthermore , the bodies of them that were keft alive being infe&cd with this diſexfe,
their hearts alſo were ſo ſharply bent againſt Pericles, that the fickneſs having tropbled their brains ,
they fell to' flat rebellion againk him , as the Patient againſt his Phyfictan , or Children againft their
Father , even to the wy, of him, at the provocation of his enemies ; who bruited abroad , that the
plague came of no cauſe elfc,bur of the great myſtityde of the countrey men that came into' the City on Accuſations |
heaps, one upon anothers neck in the heat of the Summer , where they were coripetted to lie many _ ver
together , ſmorhered vp in little Tents and Cabines ,' remaining there all day long, cywring down.
wards, anddoing nothing , where before they lived in the Countrey in a freſh oper! air , and at liber-
ty. And of allthis (ay they ) Pericles is the onely cauſe , who procuring this wer , hath pent and
ſhrouded the countrey men together within the walls of a City , employmg rhem t&no manner of
uſe nor ſervice, bur ing them like Sheep in a pinfold , makath one to poiſon znother wirhthe
infetion of their plague ſares running _ them, and giving them no leave to change air, that
they might. ſo much as take breath abroad. Perjctes to remedy this , and to do their enemies a lirrle
miſchief , armed a hundred and fifty Ships , and ſhipped into them a great number of armed Foot-
men and Horfmen atſo, Hereby he put the Citizens in good hope ; and the enemies in great fear,
ſeeing ſo great a puwer. But when he had ſhipped all his men , and was himſelf at{6 in the Admirall Ry
ready to hoife fail : ſuddenly there was a great eclipſe of the Sum , and the day was: very dark, that - _ ”
all the Army was ftricken with a marvellous fear , as of ſome dangerous and very ill token towards
them. Pericles ſeeing the Maſter of his Galley in a maze withall , not knowing what to do , caft his
Cloak over the Maſters face , and hid his eyes , asking him whether he thought that any harm or no.
The Maſter anfwered him , he thought itnone, Then ſaid Pericles again to him ;\ There is no dif-
ference between this and that , faving that the þody which maketh rhe darkneſs is greater, then my
Cloak which hiderh thy eyes. Theſe things, are thus diſputed of in the Schools of the Philoſophers.
But Pericle; hoifing fail norwichſtanding , did no notable nor ſpeciall fervict, anfwerable ro ſo great
an Army and aration, For he laying fiege unto the Holy City of EexDaurumn, when every Pericles hard
man laoked they ſhould have taken it , was compelled to raiſe his Pe; for the plague,that was ſo ve- tertune.
hement , that jt did not onely kilt the ATHE 1a ws themſelves, bur all other alſo ( were they ne-
ver fo few ) that came to them or near the Camp. Wherefore perceiving the ATHENIANS were a
marvellouſly offended with him , be did what he could ro comfort them and pur them in heart again ; 777 CP”
bur all wasin vain , he cquld not pacifie them : for by the moft part of voices , they deprived him of 4,roe.
his charge of Generall', and condemned him in a marvellous great fine and fum of Money, the _
thoſe
"©.ERICLES. "=
thoſe that tell the leaſt, do write , that it was the ſum of fifteen Talents : and thoſe that ſay more
ſpeak of fifty Talents, The accuſer ſubſcribed in this condemnation , was Cleon , as [domeneus or
Simmias ſay , or as Theophra « writeth ; yet Heraclides Ponticua faith , one Lacratidas; Now his
common griefs were ſoon blown over, for the people did cafily let fall their diſpleaſures towards
—_—_ leaveth her fting/ behind her with them ſhe had ſtung, Bur his own. private
affairs and houſhold cauſes were in very ill caſe , both for that the plague had taken away many of
his friends and kinſmen from him , as allo for that he and his houſe had continued a long time in dic.
grace, For Xantippus ( Pericles Son and Heir ) being a man of a very ill diſpoſition and nature .
and having married a young woman very prodigall and laviſh of _ » the Daughter of 1/anger,
Son of Epylichws , be grudged much at his Fathers hardneſs , who ſcantly gave him Money and
\buralittle at a time. Whereupon he ſent on a time to one of his Fathers friendsin Pericles Name,
to pray him to lend him ſome Money , whoſent it unto him-: But afterwards when he came to de-
mand it again , Pericles did not onely refuſe to pay it him , bur furtheralſo he put him in ſujr, Bur
this madethe young man Xantippm ſoangry with his father , rhat he ſpake very ill of him in every
place where he came : and reported in.way of mockery , how his Father ſpent his time when he was
at home , and what talk he had with the Sophiſters , and the Maſter Rhetoricians. For a miſchance
fortuning on a time, at the game of the throwing of the Dart , who ſhould throw beſt , that hethar
threw, did unfortunately kill one Epitimewus a THESSALIAN : Aantipps went pratling up and
down the Town, that his Father Pericles was a whole day diſputing with Pretagora the Rhetorician,
to know which of the three by Law and Reaſon ſhould be condemned for this murther : The Dart, he
that threw the Dart, or the deviſer of the =y Moreover $tefimbrotus writeth , that the bruit
that ran thorough the City , that Pericles did keep his Wife , was ſown abroad b Xantippus
himſelf, But ſo it is, this quarrel] and hate berwixt the Father and the Son maar without re-
conciliation unto the death. For Xaxtipps died in the great plague , and Pericles own Siſter alſo :
; - Moreover heloſt at that time by the plague , the more part of his friends and kinsfolks, and thoſe
cm con- ſpecially thatdid him greateſt pleaſure in governing of the State, But all this did never pull down his
wy countenance , nor any thing abate the greatneſs of his mind , what misfortune ſoever he had {-
ſtained. Neither ſaw they him weep at any time , nor mourn at the funerals of any of his kinſmen
or friends , but at the death of _Para/u , his youngeſt and lawfull begotten Son : for , the loſs of him
alone did onely melt his heart. Yet bedid trive to ſhew his naturall conftancy, and to keephis ac-
cuſtomed modeſty, But as he. would have put a Garland of Flowers upon his head , ſorrow did fo
Pierce his heart when he ſaw his face,, that then he burſt out in tears and cried amain , which they
never ſaw him do before all the days of bis life. Furthermore the people having proved other
Captains and Governours , and finding by experience that there was not one of them of judgement
pra |
and authority ſufficient for ſo great acharge : in the end, of themſelves they called him again to the
unſels,.
Pulpit for Orations to hear their Co .and to the ſtate of a Captain alſo to take charge of the
ſtate, But at that time he kept himſelf cloſe in his houſe, as one bewailing his late grievous loſs
and ſorrow. Howbeit Alcibiades, and other his familiar friends, perſwaded him to ſhew himſelfunto
the people ; whodid excuſe themſelyes unto him , for their ingratitude towards him. Pericles then
taking the Government again upon him, the firſt matter he entred into was: that he prayed them
to revoke the Stature he had, made for baſe born Children , fearing left his lawfull Heirs would fail,
and ſo his houſe. and Name ſhould fall to the ground, But as for the Law, thus it ſtood : Pericles when
he was in his beſt authority , cauſeda Law to be made, that they os eng be counted Citizens of
ATHEN 5s, Which werenatural ATHtn1ans .born by Father and Mother. Not long time after, it for-
'runed that the King ;of £6 -v »T having ſent a gift unto the people of ATHz xs, of fourty thouſand
buſhels of Corn.to be diſtributed among the Citizens there : many by occaſion of this Law were accu-
ſed to be baſe born, and eſpecjally-men of the baſer ſort of people , which were not known before, or
atthe leaſt had no reckoning made gfthem, and ſo ſome of them were falſly and wrongfully condemn-
ed. Whereupon ſo it. fell out , that there were no leſs then five thouſand of them convidted and ſold
for ſlaves : and thoſe that remained as free-men , and were judged to be naturall Citizens, amounted to
the number of fourteen thouſand and fourty. perſons. Now this was much miſliked of the people, that
a Law enacted, and that had been of ſuch force, ſhould by the ſelf ſame maker and deviſer of the ſame
be again revoked and called in, Howbeit Pericles late calamity that fortuned to his houſe , did break
the peoples hardned hearts againſt him : who thinking theſe ſorrows ſmart , to be puniſhment enough
unto him for his former pride, and judging that c vr divine juſtice and nermiliion this plagne and
loſsfell upon him , and that his requeſt alſo was tollerable : they ſuffered him to enrole his baſe bom
Son in the Regiſter ofthe lawfull Citizens of his family , giving him his own Name Pericles. It is the
ſelf ſame Pericles , who after he had overcome the PELOPONNESIAN S In a great battel{ by ſea,
Pericles the . near unto the Iſles of ARG1Nus ts, was put to death by ſentence of the people, with other Cap-
baſe born put tains his companions. Now was Pericles at that time infeed with the plague , but not ſo vehemently
=_ Gck. 4s Other were, but more temperately : which by long ſpace of time , with many alterations and chan-
neG. ges, did by little and little decay and conſume the ſtrength of his body , and overcame his ſenſes and
A philoſophi- noble mind. Therefore Theophraſftxa in his Morals declarcth , in a place where he diſputeth, whether
call queſtion mens manners do change with their misfortunes , and whether corporall troubles and affi&ions do
touching the {© alter men, that they forget vertue, and abandon reaſon: that Pericles in his ſickneſs ſhewed a friend
mens manners Of his that came to ſee him , I cannottell what a preſerving Charm , that the women had tied ( as 3
by misfortunes Carkanet ) about his neck , to-let him underſtand he was very ill , fince he ſuffered them to apply,
ſuch
hs "3
vv os F
Yigth (> - *
P a
44 KHIR" we vente,
PERICLES. 14.9
ſuch a fooliſh bable ro him. In the end Pericles drawing faſt unto his death , the Nobility of the City, _ .
and ſuch his friends as were left alive , ſtanding about his bed , began'to ſpeak of his vertue , and of © ——
the great authoriry he had born , conſidering the greatneſs of his Noble acts, and counting the
number of his viories he had won ( for he had won Nine foughten battels being General of
the ATHENIANS , and had ſet up ſo many rokeris. and triumphs in. honqur of his Countrey ) they
reckoned up among themſelves all theſe matters, as if hehad not underſtood them, imagining his ſenſes
had been gone. But he contrarily being yet of perfet memory, heard all what they had faid, and
thus he began to ſpeak unto chem : That he marvelled why they had ſo highly praiſed that in him,
which was common to many other Captains, and wherein fortune dealt with them in equality alike,
and fall this while they had forgotten to ſpeak of the beſt and moſt notable thing that was in him,
which was , that no ATHEN1Aax hadever worn black gown through his occaſion ; and ſure ſo was he A notable ſay-
a noble and worthy perſon. For he did not onely ſhew himſelf mercitull and courteous, even in weighty "2 ot Pericles
matters of government among ſo envious people and hatefull enemies ; but he had this judgement alſo ** _
to think , that themoſt noble as he did were theſe ; that he neyer gave himſelf to hatred, envy nor
choler , to be revenged of his moſt mortall enemy.,-without mercy ſhewed rowards him , though be
had commitred unto him ſuch abſolute power and ſole government among them. And this made his ſur- Pericles def
name be Olympixs ( that is, divine or celeſtial ) which otherwiſe for him had been too proud and ar- veth cated ©
rogant a Name , becauſe he was of ſo good and gentle a nature, and for thar in ſo great liberry he had 0tympius.
keptclean hands and undefiled : even as we eſteem the gods authors of all good, and cauſers of no evil,
and ſo worthy to govern and rule the whole Monarchy of the world. And not as Poets fay , which
do confound our wits by their follies and fond feignings, and are alſo contrary to themſelves, confider-
ing that they call Heaven ( which containeth the gods) the everlaſting ſear, which tremblerh nor, and
is not driven nor moved wittrwinds, neither is darkned-with clouds , bur is always bright and clear,
and at all times ſhining equally with a pure bright light, as being the onely habitation and manſion place
of the eternal God, onely happy and immortal : and afterwards they deſcribe ir themſelves , full of
diſſentions and enmiries, of anger and paſſions, which do nothing become wiſe and Learned men. Bur
this diſcourſe peradventure would be better ſpoken of in ſome other Book. Now the troubles the A- The 4thenizns
THENIANS telt immediately after Pericles death, made them then lament the loſs of ſo Noble a mem- lamented the
ber, For thoſe who unpartiently did brook his great authoriry while he lived, becauſe it drowned their 1915 of Pericles
own ; when they came after his death to prove other ſpeakers and Governours , they were compelled being dead.
thento confeſs, that no mans nature living could be more moderate nor grave, with leniry and mercy,
then was his. And that moſt hated power, which in his life time they called Monarchy, did them moſt
plainly appear unto them, to have been the manifeſt rampier and bulwark of the ſafety df theit whole
State and Commonweal : ſuch corruption and vice in government of the State did then ſpring up imme-
diately after his death, which when he was alive, he did ever ſuppreſs and keep under, in ſuch ſort, that
either it did not appear at all, or at leaſt it came not tothat head and liberty, that ſuch faults were com-
mitted, as were unpoſlible to be remedied, |
The End of the Life of Pericles,
FABIUS,
F abius Rullus
Maximus cal-
led Perrncoſus
and Ovicula,
THELIFEOF
FABIUS eMAXNIMUS.
Ant. Chriſt,
320.
go Aving already declared unto you ſuch things worthy memory as we could colle&
f and gather of the Lifeof Pericles : it isnow good time we ſhould proceed to
write alſo of the Life of Fabins Maxim. It is ſaid the firſt Fabius, from
whom the Houſe and Family of the Fabiazs did deſcend, (being the greateſt and
7 Nobleſt houſe of all other in Rom ) was begotten by Hercules, whom he got
of a Nymph, or ( as other ſay ) a Woman of the Countrey by the River of
9 Tyber. And ſome fay, that the firſt of this Houſe, were called at the beginning
Fodians, becauſe they did hunt wild beaſts, with pitfals and ditches. For unto
this preſent the Rom a ns call ditches Foſſe, and to dig Fodere. Since that time, the two ſecond Let-
ters have been changed and they have called them Fabians. Bur howſoevet it was, this is certain,
that many Noble men have come out of that Houſe : and among other , there was one of that Houſe
called Fabius Rullus , whom the Romans for his nobleaQts did ſurname AMaximus , very great,
After him Fabius Maximus , whoſe Life we have now in hand, was the fourth lineally deſcended
of the ſame line, and he was ſurnamed Yerrucoſus , becauſe of a certain birth-marke he had upon
oneof his lips, like a little wart, And he was alſo ſurnamed Ovicula, a little Lamb, for his ſoftneſs, 3
ſlowneſs, and gravity of his doings whileſt he was achild. But, becauſe of nature he was dull, ſtill, Þ
and very filent, and that he was ſeldom ſeen to play at any paſtime among the boyes, and 3
for that they ſaw he was but of ſlow capacity, and hard to learn and conceive, and withall
that the boyes might do to him what they would, he was ſo lowly to his fellows : this made i
men judge that looked not into him, that he would prove a very fool and idiot. Yet other were
in contrary opinion of him : who conſidering more deeply the man, perceived in his nature a cer- #
rain ſecret conſtancy and the majeſty of a Lyon, But Fabius ſelf when he was called to ſerve
the Commonweal , did quickly ſhew to the world , that which they took for dullneſs in him,
was his gravity , which never altered for no cauſe or reſpe& : and that which other judged fear-
fulneſs in him , was very wiſdom. And where he ſhewed himſelf not haſty nor ſuddain in any
thing, it was found in himan aſſured and ſetled conſtancy. Wherefore when he came to conli- I
der the great ſoveraignty of the Commonweal , and the continuall wars it was in, he did uſe 3
his body to all hardneſs , and brought up himſelf therewithall , that he might be the better able t0 |
ſerve in the field : and he gave himſelf much to eloquence alſo, as a neceflary inſtrument to
perſwade Souldiers unto reaſon, His tongue likewiſe did agree with his conditions and manner Þ?
of life. For he had no manner of affeQion, nor counterfeit fineneſs in his ſpeech, but his words þ*
were ever very grave and profound , and his ſentences even grafted in him by nature, and (% Þ
ſome ſay ) were muchlike Thucydides ſayings : As appeareth in a funerall Oration he made _ Y
the
able to
nent t0
manner
- words
nd (5
» before I
the
pF > 7 7 51.
_—_
the people in the praiſe of his Son , who died when he came out of his Conſulſhip , which is yet
extant ta be ſeen. Now as, for him , having been. five times choſen Conſul , in his firſt year of Fabius five
his Conſulſhip, he triumphed . over the L1Gurtans ( which 'be people of the mountains, and 45 Conſul,
upon the coaſt of Gz xua ). who being overthrown by him ih. a great barrel , where they had loſt
many men, they were compelled to go their way, and to take the At pts for their ſuccour, and durſt
no more appear upon the borders of 1T a Ly , whereupon they did confine, Hannibal entring 1t 4-
Ly afterwards with a great Army, and having won the firſt battel near unto the River of Txt 214 : Hannibal de.
he paſſed further, ,and went through Thus ca N , waſting and deſtroying all the Countrey as he pal. ot ay: c
ſed by. This made Roms quakefor fear. Beſides they ſaw many figns and tokens, ſome common de pang y
unto them, as chundring, lightning and ſuch other like : bur other alſo more ſtrange , never ſeen nox
heard of before. For it was reported that certain Targets were waxen all bloudy of themſelves, and wonders.
that aboutthe City of ANT1um they found Wheat ears, which were all bloudy when they were
reaped : that there fell from Heaven burning ſtones, all in a flame of fire : and in the Countrey of the
PH#ALERIANS how the element ſeemed to open, and many little written ſcroles fell down upon the
ground , in one of the which were written theſe words, word for word : Mars doth now handle his
weapons. Bur, all theſe ſigns and wonders did nothing appall nor daunt the boldneſs of Caius Fla- Fliminius
»:41:1s Conſul then : who beſides the natural great courage , and aſpiring mind he had to honour, yet **9"*t+
was it beyond all reaſon increaſed in him, by the wondertull good ſucceſs he had before. For , not-
withſtanding the Senate called him home again, and that his tellow Conſul ſtood againſt his intent ;
he for all that did give battel rothe Gaurs, in deſpight of them all, and wan the victory. Like-
wiſe , though all theſe ſigns and wonders in theair , did greatly crouble and amaze mulcicudes of
people : yet did they nothing trouble Fabins , for he ſaw no apparent cauſe to be troubled withall.
Bur he underſtanding the ſmall number of his enemies, and lack of Money that was among them :
gave counſel, and was of opinion that they ſhould patiently forbear a little, and notto hazard barrel
againſt a man , whoſe Army had been long trained in wars, and by many foughten fields was grown © wo <a
valiant and expert. Moreover , he hos good they ſhould ſend aid to their ſubje&ts, and other FTE
their allies and confederates, as need required, to keep their Cities ſtill under their obedience : and in
the mean ſeaſon by tra& of .time , ro wear out Hanmbals force and power , which was like ftraw ſer
on fire, that ſtraight giverh forth a blaze,and yet hath no ſubſtance to hold fire long. When Fabixs bad
thus ſaid enough to perſwade Flaminzus , yet it would not fink into Flaminixs head : for ſaid he, 1
will not tarry untill the wars come to Rome gates , neither will I be brought to fight upon the
walls of the Cityto defend ir,as, Camillus did, that tought within the Ciry himſelt in old time. "Rt
upon he commanded his Captains to, ſer out their bands to the field , and he himſelf rook his Horſe-
back ; which upon the ſuddain, without any cauſe, was ſo afraid, and took on ſo with himſelf, that
he caſt the Conſul ro the ground with his head torward. For all this fall he would not change his
mind., but held on his journey towards Hanmbal, and preſented him battel in Txus can , by the
Lake called Thraſimena , which is the Lake of PzRus1a. This battel was ſo fiercely fought on 51,1 2...
both ſides, that notwithſtanding there was ſuch a terrible earthquake therewhile, chat ſome Cities Qainby the
were overthrown and turned topfie turvy , ſome Rivers had their ſtreams turned againſt their Lake Thraſ-
courſe, and the foor of the mountains were torn in ſunder and broken open , yer not one of them en.
that were fighting, heard any ſuch thing at all. Fl/aminixs the Conſul himſelf was flain at that barrel
afier he had in his own perſon done many valiant as, and many of the worthieſt Gentlemen and F laminius the
valiant Souldiers of his Army lay dead about him : the reſidue being fled, the ſlaughter was great, for ns:
the bodies ſlain were Fifteen thouſand, and ſo many Priſoners left alive. After this overthrow ;
Hannibal made all the ſearch he could poſlibly co find the body of F/aminixs , to bury him honou-
rably , becauſe of his valiantneſs ; but he could never be found amongſt the dead bodies , neither was
it ever heard what became of ir. Now as touching the firſt overthrow at TREB1a , neither the
Genetal that wrote it , nor the Poſt that brought the firſt news to Rome, told the troth of it as it
was, but fained that the end was doubtfull, and that they could not tell who had the beſt. Bur of
this battel , ſo ſoon as the Pretor Pomponius had received the news , he called all the prople to
counſel] , where without diſguiſing or diſſembling at all , he plainly ſaid thus unto them : My Lords,
we have loſt the battel , our Army is overthrown and the Conſul himſelf is ſlain in the field :
wherefore , conſider what you have todo, and provide for your ſafery. Theſe words ſpoken to the
people, as it had been a boyſterous ſtorm of weather that had fallen on them from the ſea to pur
them in danger , did fo terrifie the multitude, and trouble the whole City for fear , that they were
ma maze, and knew nor what to determine. Yet in the end they all agreed , that it ſtood them
upon to have a chief Magiſtrate , called in Latine Ds#tator , that ſhould be a man of courage, and
could ſtourly uſe it without ſparing or fearing any perſon, And for this , Fabins maximus was Fabius Dis
thought the onely man meet to be choſen, as he , whoſe noble courage and grave behaviour was an- ?9r
Iwerable to the dignity and ſoveraignty of the Office : and moreover, that to his gravity and wiſe-
dom there was joyned ( by reaſonable age ) ſtrength of body , and' valiantneſs wuh experi-
ence. This counſel being confirmed by them all, Fabins was choſen Di&ator , who named Lucius
Ainutius General of the Horſemen. Then he firſt required the Senate , that they would grant vs mad
him he might have his Horſe in the wars : the which was not .lawfull for the Ds#aror , but ex- _ p yenge
preſly forbidden by an ancient ' order. Either becauſe they thought the chiefeſt force of their ;, . wry,
Army did conſiſt in their Footmen , which cauſed the making of this Law ; whereby the Gene-
ral ſhould be amongft them in the day of the battel, and in no wiſe ſhould forſakeihem : =
Oz elit
acl
152
FABIUS, ©
The Majeſty
of F abjus the
DiCator.
Fabius Reli-»
o10N.
The Sibylles
elſe becauſe the aurhority of this Magiſtrate in all other things was ſo great, cttat it was in manner
after the ſtate of a King : Yet all this notwithftanding , they were _—y thereunto , and that
the Di#ater ſhould have abſolute power over the people. Fabixs at his firft coming, becauſe he
would ſhew the majeſty and dignity of his Office , thatevery man ſhould be the more obedient and
ready at his &dtnmaridment : when he went abroad , he had four and rwenty Sergeants before
him , cattying the bundles of Rods and Axes. And when one of che Confuls came to him , he
ſent a Sergeant to command his bundle of Rods that were carried before him , to be pur down,
and all other tokens of dignity to be laid afide ; and that he ſhould come and ſpeak wich him, as
a private man, And firſt to mnake a good foundation, and to begin with the ſervice of the gods,
he declared unto the people, that rhe loſs they had received , came through the raſhneſs and will.
full negligence of their Captain , who made no reckoning of the gods nor Religion : and not
through any default and cowardlineſs of the Souldiers. And for this cauſe he did perfwade them
not to be afraid of their enemies, but to appeaſe the wrath of the gods, and to ſerve and honour
them, Not that he made them hereby ſuperſtitious , but did dv their valiancy with true
Religion and godlineſs : and beſides did utterly take away and affwage their fear of their ene-
mies, by giving them certain hope-and aſſurance of the aid of the gods. Then were the holy
Books of be Sibylles Propheſies peruſed , which were kept ſecret , and therein they found
Book of Pro- certain ancient Propheſies and Orarles , which ſpake of the preſent misfortunes of the time : But
pheſies,
Fabius Vow,
Fabius doings ber of his people , with the great number of his Souldiers.
againſt Hani and high places of the mountains , out of all danger of his enemies Horſemen, and coafted ſtill at-
bal.
Minutius Ge-
neral of the
what was contained- therein , it is not lawfull to be uttered to any perſon, Afterwards the Di#a-
tor , before the open aſſembly of the people made a ſolemn yow unto the gods, that he would
ſacrifice all the profits and fruits that ſhould fall che next year , of Sheep , of Sowes, of milch-Kine,
of Goats in the Mountains, champion Countrey , Rivers or Meadows of Itary, And he
would celebrate plays of Muſick , and ſhew other fights in the honour of the gods, and would
beſtow upon, the ſame the ſum of three hundred three and thirty Seftercians, and three hun-
dred three and thirty Roma N Pence , and a third part over. All which ſum reduced into
Grzctan Money , amounted to fourſcore and three thouſand , five hundred and fourſcore
and three filver Drachitias, and two Oboles, Now it were a hard thing to tell the reafon why
he doth mention chis fum fo precifely , and why he did divide it by three, unleſs it were to ex-
rol the power of the number of Three : becauſe it is a perfe&t number by the nature, and it is the
firſt of the odd numbers, which is the beginning of divers numbers, and containeth in it ſelf the
Arſt differences , arid the firſt elements and principles of all the numbers united and j rope-
ther, So Fabiz4 having brought the people ro hope and truſt ro have the aid favour of
the gods, thade them in the etid the berter diſpoſed ro live well afterwards, Then Fabius hoping
after vitory , and that the gods would ſend good luck and proſperity unto mien through their va-
liantnefs ind wiftotn + did ſtraight ſer forwards unto Hanmbal, not as minded to fight with
him, but fully reſolved ro wear out his ſtrength and power, by delays and tra& of time : and
to increaſe his poverty by the long ſpending of his own money , and to conſume the ſmall num-
Fabinu camped always in the ſtrong
ter the enetny : ſo that when Hannibal ſtayed in any place , Fabias alſo ftayed : if Flannibal
removed, he followed him ftraight , and would be always near him , but never forſook the hills,
neither would he come ſo near him, as that he ſhould be enforced to OO his will, Yet
_—— _— the enemy at —_— and oy him =_ _— of hi — C_ ſtill =
tro get the vantage, to give the charge upon him. y delaying , and prolonging
ride this fort , na; dif ked of every body : for every many both in his own Camp and
abroad, ſpake very ill of him openly : and as for his enemies, they took him for no better then
a rank toward, Zammbal onely excepred. But he perceiving his great reach and policy , and
foreſceing his manner of fight , ſaw there was no remedy, but by plain force or ſlight to bring
him to rhe fight : for otherwiſe his delay would overthrow the CaxTHAaG1N1ANs, when they
ſhould not come to handy ſtrokes with bim , wherein onely confifted all their hope and ftrength,
and in the mean time his Soukdiers ſhould fall away and die, and this Money wax fcant , and him-
Telf ſhould grow the weaker. Thereupon Hanmmbal began to bethink him , and deviſe all the
Kratagetns and policies of war he could imagine : and {ike a cunning wreſtler , ro ſeek out all
the tricks he could to give his adverſary the tall. For 0x Age would go and give alarm to
his Camp ; by and by again be would retire : Another time he would remove his Camp from
one place to another , and give him ſome advantage , to fee if hte could plack his lingring deviſe
out of his head , and yetro hazard nothing. But as for Fab3e , he continued ftifl reſolute in the
frft determination: that delay of = was the beft way, fo to overthrow him. Howheit Minutins,
General of his Horfemen, did trouble him much : for he being ea bent ro fight without diſ-
Horſemen,de- crerion , and braving of a luſty courage, crept into opmion with rhe Souldiers , by his hot fury and
ſpiſed Fabius
counſel,
defire to fight : Which wrought much inthem , and fo ſtirred up their courages, that they mocked
Fabim altogether, and called him Hawmnibals School-maſter :; and contrariwiſe they commended 24:-
autins, for a valiant Caprtain and worthy Roman. This made Minurixs look high, and have 3
proud opinion of hitnfelf , mocking Fabixs becauſe he ever lodged on the hills, with ſaying the
Difator would make them goodly ſports, to ſee their enemies wafte and burn- Ir ary before
cheir faces. Moreover he asked Fabiz friends , Whether he would in the end lodge his Camp in
the skie , chat he 4id climb ſo high ppon Mountains , miftrufting the earth : or elſe that he
K'as
_ SS ak MAGS ac co
FABIUS.
FE
was ſo afraid his enemies would find him out, that he went to hide himſelf in the clouds; Fabins
friends made report of theſe jeſts, and adviſed him rather to hazard battel, then to bear ſuch re-
proachfull words as were ſpoken of him, But Fabizs anſwered them : 1f 1 ſhould yeeld to- thar
you counſel me , 1 ſhould ſhew my ſelf a greater coward then 1 am taken for now : by leaving
my determination , for fear of their mocks and ſpightiull words. For it is no ſhame for a man to
ſtand fearfull and jealous of the welfare and ſafety of his Countrey : but otherwiſe to be afraid of
the wagging of every ſtraw , or to regard every common prating , it is not the part of a worthy
man ot courage , but rather of a baſe minded perſon, ro' ſeek ro pleaſe thoſe whom he ought to
command and govern, becauſe they are but fools. After this HaS:ibal chanced to fall into a
great errour ; tor intending to leave Fab:#s to bring his = into ſhe plains, where there was
plenty of victuals, and ſtore of Paſture to feed his Horſe and Cattel ; he commanded his guides
ro bring him ſtraight after ſupper, into the plain of Cas1Num. They miſtaking his words , and
not underſtanding well what he ſaid , becauſe his ITarian Tongue was but mean, took one
thing for another , and ſo brought him and his Army to the end of the field near the City of Ca-
$1L1NUM, through the middeſt of which runneth a River, the Romans call Fulturnus.
Now the Countrey lying by it, was a Valley compaſſed in with Mountains round about, ſaving
that the River went to the Sea ; where leaving its own bankes , it ſpreadeth abroad into the
marriſhes and bankes of ſand very deep, and un the end fell into that part of che Sea which is moſt
dangerous, and where was neither ſuccour nor covert. Hannibal being now fallen as it were
into the bottom of a ſack; Fabius that knew-the Countrey, and was very perfect in all the
ways thereabouts , followed him ſtep by ſtep , and ſtopped his paſſage, where they ſhould
have come out of the Valley, with four thouſand Footmen ; which he planted there to keep
the ſtraight , and diſpoſed the reſt of his Army upon the hangings of the hills , in the moſt apr and
Hannital ici:
into great Cr-
rour,
Caſulinum 4
City.
Pulturnus fl.
fit places all abour. Then with his Light horſemen he gave a charge upon the rereward of his Hamiba! ſet
enemies bartel : which pur all Hannibals Army by and by out of order , and fo there were lain up92 by F4-
eight hundred of his men, Whereupon Hannibal would have removed his Camp thence imme-
diately : and knowing then the fault his guides had made, taking one place for another, and the
danger wherein they had brought him , he roundly trufſed them up, and hung them by the necks.
Now to force his enemies to come down from the rops of the hills , and to win them from their
ſtrength , ke ſaw it was impoſfible, and out of all hope. Wherefore perceiving his Souldiers both
afraid and diſcouraged, for that they ſaw themſelves hemmed in on all fides , without any order
to eſcape ; Hannibal determined to deceive Fabius by a device. He cauſed ſtraight two thouſand Hannibal fir3-
Js.
Oxen to be choſen out of the herd , which they had taken before in their ſpoils, and tied to their gc"
horns light bundles of reeds, and fallow faggors , or bunches of the dead cuttings of Vines : and
commanded the Drovers that had the charge of them, that when they ſaw any fignall or roken lift
up inthe air in the night , they ſhould then ſtraight ſer fire on thoſe bundles and bunches , and drive
up the beaſts to the hills, rowards the ways where the enemies w 0 Whileſt theſe things were a
preparing , he on the other fide mg his Army in order of battel , and when night came, cauſed
them to march fair and ſoftly, Now theſe beaſts, whileſt the fire was bur little that burnt upon their
horns , went but fair and ſoftly up the hill, trom the foot of the mountains from whence th
were driven : inſomuch as the Herdmen that were on the top of the mountains , wondered marvel-
louſly to ſee ſuch flames of fire about the horns of ſo many beaſts, as if ir had been an Army march-
ing in order of battel with lights and torches. Bur when their horns came to be. burnt to the ſtumps,
and thar the force of the fire did fry their very fleſh , then began the Oxen to fight rogether , and to
ſhake their heads, whereby they did ſet one another on fire. Then left they their ſoft pace, and wenr
no more in order as they did before, but for the extream pain they felt , began ro run here and
there in the mountains , carrying fire ſtill about their horns, and in their tails, and fer fire of
all the boughs and Coppiſes they paſſed by. This was a ſtrange fight to look upon , and did
much amaze the Romans that kept the paſſages of the mountains , tor they thought they
had been men that ran here and there with Torches in their hands. Whereupon they were in
a marvellous fear and trouble, ſuppoſing they had been their enemies that ran thus towards
them , ro environ them on all ſides, ſo as they durſt no more keep the paſſages which they
were commanded ; but forſaking their ſtraights, began to flie rowards their main and great
Camp. Thereupon Hannibals Light horſenien immediately poſſeſſed rhe ſtraights that were
there : by reaſon whereof, all the reſt of his Army marched our at their eaſe and leiſure, with-
out fear or danger , notwithſtanding they were loden and troubled with marvellous great ſpoils,
and of all kind of forts. Fabins then perceived very well the ſame night , that ic was but a
ſleight of Hannibal , for ſome of the Oxen that fled here and there fell upon his Army. Where-
upon fearing to fall upon ſome ambuſh by reaſon of the dark night , he kept his Men in battel
ray, withour ſtirring, or making any noiſe. The next morning by-break of day , he began to
follow his enemies by the track, and fell upon the tail of the rereward , with whom he skirmiſhed
within the ſtraights of the mountains , and ſo did diſtreſs ſomewhat Hannibals Army. Hannibal
thereupon ſent our of his vantguard a certain number of Spa N1arDs ( very luſty and nimble
fellows that were uſed to the mountains, and acquainted with climbing up upon them) who
coming down , *and ſetting upon the RoMANS 'that were heavy ——_ , flew a great number
of them, and made Fabixs to retire. Thereupon they deſpiſed Fabius the more, and thoughc
worle of him then they did before, becauſe his pretence and determination was , not to be
O 3 brought
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OTE I OO. SN
154-
FABIVUS.
Hannibals
craftine(s a-
gainſt F abius -
F abius chan-
geth Priſoners
with Hannibal,
F abius redee-
meth the Pri-
ſoners with his
Money,
F abius leaveth
Minutius his
Lieutenant in
the field,
Minutius
raſhnels.
brought to fight with Z/annibal, but by wiſdom and policy to overthrow him, whereas he himſelf
by Hamibal was firit finely handled and deceived. Hannibal then to bring Fab5xs further in dilliking
and ſuſpition with the Romans, commanded his Souldiers when they came near any of F abi
Lands, that they ſhould burn and deſtroy all round abour' them, bur gave them in clfirge in no
wiſe to meddle with-F abixs Lands, nor any thing of his, and did purpoſely appoint a Garriſon to (ee
that nothing of Fabixs ſhould mifcarry, nor yer take hurt. This was ftraight carried to Rom x,which
did thereby the more incenſe the people againſt him, And to help it forward, the Tribunes never
ceaſed crying out upon him in their Orations to the people, and all by Aferexs ſpeciall procurement
and per{waſion : who of IMſclf had no cauſe to miflike with Fabize , but onely becauſe he was
Minutizs Kinſman ( General of the Horſemen ) and thought that the ill opinion they bear to
Fabius , would turn to the praiſe and advancement of Afinntius. The Senate alſo were much offen-
ded with Fabizs, for the compoſition he made with Z7arnibal , touching the Priſoners taking of
either fide. For it was Articled between them , that they ſhould change Priſoners, delivering Man
for Man , or elſe two hundred and fifty filver Drachmas tor a Man , if the one chanced to have more
Priſoners then the other, When exchange was made between them, it appeared that Zannibal had
left in his hands of Row a N Priſoners, two hundred and fourty more then Fabixs had to exchange
of his. The Senate commanded there ſhould be no Money ſent to redeem them, and greatly found
fault with Fabizs for making this accord : becauſe it was neither honourable nor profitable for the
Commonweal, to redeem men that cowardly ſuffered themſelves ro be taken P-iſoners of their
enemies. Fabins underſtanding it, did patiently bear this diſpleaſure conceived againſt him by the
Senate, Howbeit having no Money , and meaning to keep his word , and not to leave the poor Ci-
tizens Priſoners behind him : he ſent his Son to Rome, with Commiſſion to ſell his Lands, and
bring him Money immediately. The young man went his way ro Rom, and ſold his Fathers Farms,
and brought him Money forthwith to the Camp : Fabixs therewith redeemed the Priſoners , and
ſent their ranſome unto Hannibal. Many of the Priſoners whom he had redeemed, offered to repay
him their ranſome ; but he would never take any thing again, and gave them all their ranſome free-
ly. Afterwards being called to Roms by the Prieſts to do certain ſolemn Sacrifices , he lefi
the Army in charge with Afinuties to govern the ſame in his abſence, with condition not to ſet up-
on the enemy , nor to fight with him ar all : the which not onely by his authority he did exprelly
forbid him, bur alſo as his very friend, he did warn and intreat him in no wiſe to attempt. . Howbeit
Minutins little regarding his commandments or requeſts, ſo ſoon as Fabis back was turned , be-
gan to be ſomewhat luſty, and doing with his enemies. Se one day amongſt the reſt , Afinutins per-
ceiving Hantbal had ſent a great part of his Army abroad to forrage and get victuals , came and ſet
upon them thar remained behind , and drave them into their Camp, with great ſlaughter , and did
put them in a marvellous fear that were ſaved , as men that looked for ao leſs , but to have been be-
ſieged in their Camp, Afterwards alſo , when their whole Army came together again, he retired
back in ſpight of them all, and loſt not a man. This exploit ſet Afenatins in a pride, and brought the
Souldiers to be more raſh then they were betore. The news of this overthrow went with ſpeed to
Rome , andthere they made it a great deal more then it was. Fabins hearing of it, ſaid; he was
more atraid of Afinutins proſperity , then of his own adverſiry. But the common people rejoyced
Fabius accuſed marvellouſly , and made great ſhew of joy up and down the market-place. Whereupon Merellus
of Treaſon by gne of the Tribunes going up into the Pulpit , made an Oration unto the people, in the which he
Metellus the
Tribune.
highly magnified A£:nutixs, and commended his courage : and contrarily charged Fabixs no more of
cowardlineſs, bur with flat treaſon. Furthermore , he did accuſe the Nobility and greateſt men of
ROM, ſaying : that from the firſt beginning they had laid a Plot to draw theſe wars out at length,
onely to deſtroy the peoples power and authority , having brought the whole Commonweal to ihe
ſtate of a Monarchy , and into the hands of a private perion ; who by his remifſeneſs and delayes,
would give Hannibal leiſure to plant himſelf in IT a Ly, and by time give open paſſage to the Car-
THAGINIANS , at their pleaſure to ſend Hannibal a ſecond aid and Army, to make a full
conqueſt of all Ir ary. Fabins hearing theſe words , roſe up ſtraight and ſpake to the people, and
tarried not aboutthe anſwering of the accuſations the Tribune had burthened him withall ; but prayed
them they would diſpatch thele Sacrifices and Ceremonies of the gods , that he might ſpeedily return
again to the Camp , to puniſh Aſinarixs, for breaking his commandment, in fighting with the ene-
my. He had no ſooner ſpoken theſe words, but there aroſe a marvellous tumult and hurlyburly
preſently among the people , for the danger A:nutins ftood in then, becauſe the Dittator had ab-
ſolute power and authority to impriſon and put to death whom he thought good, without ordinary
courſe of Law or arraignment. Moreover , they did judge, fince Fabins had of late left his accuſto-
med mildneſs and affability , that he would grow to ſuch ſeverity in bis anger, that it would be 4
hard thing to appeaſe him. Wherefore every man held his peace for fear , ſaving onely AMerelus
the Tribune : hehaving authority by vertue of his Office, to ſay what he thought good; and who one-
ly of all other kept ſtill his place and authority, when any Dsttator was choſen, Then all the Officers
that were put down , inſtantly beſought the people not ro forſake Afinnrins, nor to ſuffer the like
1he cruclty of to be done to him, as Manlins Torquatus did of late to his Son, who ſtrook off his head , after he
Manlius Tor- had valiantly fought with his enemies and overcome them , for breaking his commandment, And
quatus to his
Son atter
his victory,
began to perſwade them further , to take this ryrannical power of the Ditatorſhip from Fabins
and to pur their affairs into the hands of him , that would and could tell how to bring chem ately to
paſs, The people were tickled maryellouſly with theſe ſeditious words , but yet they durſt not _
Fabins
—
FABIUS. 155
Fabius to reſign his DiRatorfhip , though they bare him great grudge, and were angry with him in
their hearts. Howbeit they ordained , that Aſznutizs rhencetorrh ſhould have equal power and au-
thority with the Di&aror in the wars; a thing that was never ſeen nor heard of before , and yet the The Dictator
very ſame done in that ſort again , atter the battel of Cannes. ' For Marcys 7unixs being at that *"4 General
time Di&ator in the Camp, they did chule another Dz:& ator in Roms , which was Fabins Buteo, to - bo - wr le-
-Name and create new Senators in the place of thoſe that were ſlain in the battel.g But after he had qual Min -114
narmed them , and reſtored the full number again of the Counſel of the Senate 'F diſcharged the rity.
ſelf ſame day the Sergaenes that carried the Axes before him , and ſent away the train that waited
upon him, and did ſo purhimſelf in preaſe of the people in the market-place, and followed his own
peculiar buſineſs as a private perſan, Now the Roma Ns imagined, that when Fabins ſhould ſee
bow they had made Mznurixs equal in authority with him , it would grieve bim to the heart for very
anger : but they came ſhort to judge of his nature , tor he did nor think that their folly ſhould burr
or diſhonour him arall. But as wile Dzogeres anſwered one that ſaid unto him , Look, they mock 5; ...,
thee : Tuſh ( (aid he ) they mock not me : meaning thereby , that he took them tro be mocked , words,
that were oftended with their mocks, Thus Fabzus rookevery thing quietly , that the people of-
tered him, and did comfort himſelf with the Philoſophers rules and examples ; who did maintain,
that an honeſt and wiſe man , can no way be injured nor diſhonoured. For all the diſpleaſure he re-
ceived by the peoples folly, was in reſpe& of the Commonwealth ; becauſe they had put a Sword into
a mad mans hand, in giving 4nutis authority to follow his raſh humour and fond ambition in the
wars. Wherefore, fearing leſt he being blinded with vain glory and preſumptuous opinion of him-
ſelf, ſhould raſhly ( and upon a head ) haften to do ſome great hurt before he came to the Camp,
he departed ſuddenly our of Koms without any mans knowledge, to return again to the Camp,
where he tound A4:7ucins (o proud and ſtout , that he was not to be dealt with. For he would needs 144,cu; prides
have the authority to command the whole Army when it came to his turn, But Fabius would not
conſent to that , but divided the Army between them , thinking it better he ſhould alone command
the one half , then the whole Army by turns, So he choſe for himſelf the firſt and third Legion ;
and gave unto him the ſecond and fourth , and divided alſo between them the aid of their Friends.
And when Anutivs made his boaſt, that the Majeſty of the higheſt Magiſtrates was brought lower
for his ſake ; Fabius told him, that he might think , if he were wiſe, he had not to fight with him,
bur with Hannibal : andif he would needs contend againſt his Companion, yet be ſhould have a ſpe-
cial regard and conſideration , that having won now the Citizens good wills, by whom he was ſo
much honoured , he ſhould have no leſs care of their health and fafery, then he had , who was now
troden under foot, and ill intreated by them. Afinutius took his leflon for a counterfeit mock,
afier old mens manners and faſhion : and fo taking the one half of the Army unto him , went and
lodged alone by himſelf. Hannibal hearing of their jar and ſquaring together, ſought ſtraight
opportunity to make their diſcord finely to ſerve his turn, Now there was a hill between both their
Cainps not very hard to be won, and it was an excellent place to lodge a Camp fafely in, and was
very fit and commodious for all things. The Fields that were about it , did ſeem afar off ro be very
plain and even ground , becauſe they had no covert of wood to ſhadow them , yer were there many
ditches and little vallies in them : wheretore Hannibal though he might eafily have taken it at his plea-
ſure if he had liſted , did let it alone in the mideſt berween them, for a bait ro draw out his enemies
ro battel, Now when Hannibal ſaw Fabius and Minutins lodged alunder , he placed certain-bands ;12nnibst laid
inthe night among thoſe ditches and vallies. Afterwards the next morning by break of day , he ſent ambuſh for
a {mall number of men openly ro win this hill ; hoping by this policy to train Adinutixs out to the 4inntins.
Ficld, as it fell out indeed. For firſt Afinurins ſent thither his light horſemen , and afterwards all his
men at arms : and laſtly perceiving that Hannibal himſelf came to releeve his men that were upon
the hill, he binſelf marched forward alſo with all the reſt of his Army in order of battel, and gave
a hor charge upon them that defended the hill, ro drive them thence. The fight continued equal a
goud ſpace between chem both , untill fuch time as Hannibal ſaw his enemy come directly within his
danger, and ſhewed the rereward of his bartel aaked unto his men, whom before he had laid in am-
buſh ; he ſtraight raiſed the ſignal he had given them. They upon that diſcovered all together , and
with great cries did ſer upon the rereward of the Romans , and flew a great number of them at the
firſt charge : and did pur the reſt in ſuch a fear and diſorder, as it is unpoſlible ro expreſs it. Then
was AMinutins raſh bravery and fond boaſts much cooled, when he looked firſt upon one Captain,
then upon another, and ſaw in none of them any courage to tarry by it , but rather that they were
all ready to run away : which if they had done, they had been caſt away every man : for the Nu-
MIDIANS finding they were the ſtronger , did diſperſe themſelves all about the plain , killing all
yo that fled. Afinutizs Souldiers being brought to this danger and diſtreſs , which Fabsxs F abius fore-
torlaw they would fall into, and having upon this occaſion his Army ready ranged in order of barrel, an n the
to ſee what would become of Minutins , not by report of Meſſengers , but with his own eyes : he
got him r0a little hill before his Camp , where when he ſaw Afnutivs and all his men compaſſed
about on every fide, and even ſtaggering and ready to fly , and heard beſides their cries, not like
men that had hearts to fight, but as men ſcared, and ready to fly for fear to ſave themſelves : he clap-
ped his hand on his thigh, and ferched a great figh , ſaying to thoſe that were about them : O gods,
how eAinuixs is gone to caſt himſelf away, ſooner then] looked for, and later then he defired : Bur
in ſpeaking theſe words , he made his enſigns march on in haſte, crying out aloud : O my friends,
we muſt diſpatch with {peed ro fuccour Adinativs : for he isa valiant man of perſon, _
oyet
_ FABIUS.
[ —
loveth the honour of his Countrey. And though with overmuch hatdineſs he hath ventuted too
far , and made a fault , thinking to have put the enemies to flight : time ſerverh not now to accuſe
Fabius reſcu- him , we will tell him of it hereafter. So he preſently brake the Num1Des , and diſperſed them, that
eth Minutius Jay waiting inthe fields for the ROMANS , which they thought would have fled. Afterwards he
_—_ of went further , and did ſet upon them that had given charge upon the rereward of Minutins battel,
ne Horeemer- where he flew that made head againſt him. The reſidue , fearing leſt they ſhould fall into the
danger they had ftrought the Romans unto : before they were invironed in of all fides, did turn
tail ſtraight tro Fabizs, Now Hannibal ſeeing this charge, and conſidering how Fabia in perſon,
with more courage then his age required, did make a lane in the middeft of thoſe that fought againſt
the fide of the bill, ro come to the place where Miznutins was : he made the battel to ceaſe, and
commanded to ſound the retreat, and ſo drew back his men again into his Camp, the Roma ws
being very glad alſo they might retire with ſafety. They ſay Hannibal in his retiring , ſaid merrily
The great mo- to his friends ; Have not I told you ( Sirs ) many a time and oft , of the hanging cloud we ſaw on the
_ of F4- top of the mountains, how it would break our in the end with a tempeſt that would fall upon us? After
aoirive Ora. £his battel , Fabirs having ſtript thoſe that were left dead in the field, retired again co his own
tion to his Camp, and ſpake not an ill word of Afinutizs his companion, Afinutius then being come to his
Souldiers, © Camp , aſſembled his Souldiers, and ſpake thus to them : My friends , not to err at all, enterpriſing
great matters, it is a thing paſſing mans nature : bur to take warning hereafter , by faults that are
paſt and done , it is the part of a wiſe and valiant man. For my ſelf, I acknowledge I have no leſs
The wiſdom of gccafion to praiſe Fortune , then I have alſo cauſe to complain of her. For that which long time
— = could never teach me , I have learned by experience in one little piece of a day : and that is this,
his fault” © That 1 am not able to command , but am my ſelf fitter to be governed and commanded by another :
and that I am but a fool to ſtand in mine own conceit, thinking to overcome thoſe , of whom it is
more honour to me to confeſs my ſelf ro be overcome : Therefore I tell you , that the Diftator Fa-
birs henceforth ſhall be he, who alone ſhall command you in all things. And to let him know that we
do all acknowledge the favour which we have preſently received at his hands, 1 will lead you to give
him thanks, and will my ſelf be the firſt man to offer to obey him in all that he ſhall command me.
Theſe words being ſpoken, he commanded his Enſign-bearers to follow him , and he himſelf march-
ed formoſt towards Fabius Camp. When he came thither , he went direQly to the Di&arors
Tent : Whereat every man wondered, not knowing his intent, Fabixs came out to meet him, Afin-
wins afterhe had ſer down his Enſigns at his feet, ſaid with aloud voice , O Father ; and his ſoul-
diers unto Fabixs ſouldiers ; O Maſters : which name the bondmen that are infranchiſed, do uſe to
chem that have manumiſſed them. Afterwards every man being filent , Afinutius began aloud to ſay
unto him :- My Lord Di&ator , this day you have won two vitories : the one of Hannibal, whom
valiantly you have overcome : the ſecond , of my ſelf your companion , whom alſo your wiſdom
and goodneſs hath vanquiſhed. By the one you have ſaved our lives , and by the other, you haye
wiſely taught us. So have we alſo been overcome in two ſorts ; the one by Zannibal-to our ſhame,
and -the other by your ſelf, to our honour and preſefvation. And therefore do I now call you my
Father , finding no other Name more honourable to call you by , wherewith I might honour you ;
acknowledging my {elf more bound unto you for the preſent grace and favour I have received of you,
then unto my natural Father that begot me, For by him onely I was begotten ; bur by you , mine,
and all theſe honeſt Citizens lives have been ſaved. And having ſpoken theſe words, he embraced Fa-
bixs , and ſo did the Souldiers alſo , heartily embrace together , and kiſs one another. Thus the joy
was great throughout the whole Camp , and one was ſo glad of another, that the tears trickled down
their cheeks for joy. Now when Fabius was afterwards put out of his Office of Dictatorſhip, there
were new Conſuls chgſen again : the two firſt foHowed diretly Fabius former order he had begun:
for they kept themſelves from giving Hannibal any battel , and did alwaies ſend aid to their ſub-
The raſhneſs je&sand friends, to keep them from rebellion , untill that Terentius Yarro ( a man of mean birth,
of Terentizs and known to be very bold and raſh ) by flattering of the people , wan credit among them to be made
Varro. Conſul. Then they thought that he by his raſhneſs and lack of experience, would incontinently
af pen F4- hazard barrel, becauſe he had cried out in all the aſſemblies before , that this war would be ever-
r0, Pauli <#- Jaſting , ſolong as the people did chuſe any of the Fabians to be their Generals : and vaunted himſelf
milius Con b :
ſuls. openly , that the firſt day he came to ſee his enemies , he would overthrow them, In giving our thele
brave words, he aſſembled ſuch a power, that: the Roma ns never ſaw ſo great a number together
againſt any enemy that they ever had : for he pur into one Camp 88000 fighting men. This .made
The Romans Fabius and the other Romans , men of great wiſdom and judgement , greatly afraid : becauſe
Camp under they ſaw no hope for RowmE to riſeagain, if it fortuned that they ſhould loſe ſo great a number of
Pony Fir- soodly youth. Therefore Fabixs talked with the other Conſul, called Paulus e/Emilius, a man
gr ron fatnarr very skilfull and expert in wars, bur ill beloved of the comumon people, whoſe fury he yet feared,
to'Paulus JE for that they had condemned him a little before to pay a great Fine to the Treaſury : and after he
milius. had ſomewhat comforted him , he began to perſwade and encourage him to reſiſt the fond raſhnels
of his companion ; telling him , that he ſhould have as much to do with Terentius Yarro for the
preſervation and fafery ot his Countrey , as to fight with Hannibal for defence of the ſame. For
ahey were: both Martiall men, and had both a like deſire to fight ; the one becauſe he knew not
wherein the vantage of his ſtrength; conſiſted , and the other becarſe he knew very well his weak-
neſs. You ſhall have reaſon to beleeveme better, for matters touching Hannibal , then Terentius
Varro : for 1dare warrant you, if you keep Harnibal from battel but this year, he ſhall of neceſlicy,
it
Minuatiuswords
to Fabjus
FABIVUS.
157
if he tarry , conſume himſelf, or elſe for ſhame bedriven to flie with his Army, And the rather, be.
cauſe hitherto ( though he ſeem to be Lerd of the Field ) never one yet of his enemies came to
rake his part : and moreover becauſe there remains at this day in his Camp, not the third part of
his Army , he brought with him out of his Countrey. Unto theſe perſwaſions , the Conlul ( as it
is reported ) anſwered thus : When 1 look into my ſelf, my Lord Fabixs, me thinks my beſt
way were rather to fall upon the enemies Pikes, then once again to light into the hands and voices
of our Citizens, Therefore, ſith the eſtate of the Commonwealth ſo requireth ir, thar it behoverh
a man to do as you have ſaid, I will do my beſt endeayour to ſhew my ſelf a wiſe Captain, for
your ſake onely,, rather then for all other that ſhould adviſe me tothe contrary. And fo Paulus
departed from Roms with this mind. But Terentixs his companion would in any caſe they ſhould
command the whole Army by turns , each his day by himſelf : and went to encamp hard by Han-
nibal , by the River AuF1D& , near unto the Village called Cannzs., Now when it came to Aufdius f.
his day to command by turns, early in the morning he cauſed che ſignal of battel to be ſer our,
which was a Coat-armour of Scarlet in grain , that they did lay out upon the Pavilion of the Ge-
neral : ſo that the enemies at the firſt ſight began to be afraid , to ſee the luſtineſs of this new come
General , and the great number of Souldiers he had alſo in bis Hoſt, in compariſon of them that
were not half ſo many. Yet Hannibal of a good courage , commanded every man to arm, and to
put themſelyes in order of batcel ; and himſelt in the mean time taking his Horſe back, followed
with a few , gallopped up to the top of a lictle hill not very ſeep ; from whence be might plainly
diſcern all the Roxans Camp, and ſaw how they did range their men in order of battel. Now
one Gsſcon ( a man of like ſtate and Nobility as himlelt ) being with him at that time , told him,
that the enemie ſeemed afar off to be 2 marvellous number. But Hannibal rubbing his forehead,
anſwered him : Yea, {aid he, but there is another thing more to be wondred at then you think of Gs/-
con, Giſcon ſtraight asked him : What ? Marry faith he, this : that of all the great number of Soul-
diers you ſee yonder , there is aot a man of them called Gsſcoz as you are, This merry anſwer
delivered contrary to their expeRationthat were with him, looking for ſome great weighty mater,
made them all laugh, So down the hill they came laughing aloud , and told this pretty jeſt to
all they met as they rode , which ſtraight from one co another ran over all the Camp, inſoruch
as Hams bel bimſelf could not hold from laughing. The CartTHaGiNnian Souldiers percei-
ving this , began to be of a good courage , imagining that' their General would not be ſo mercily
diſpoſed asto fall a laughing , being ſo near danger , if he had not perceived himſelf a great deal
to be the ſtroager that he had good cauſe alſo to make no reckoning of his enemies. Further- 31,9nbats 6:4.
more , he ſhewed wo policies of a skilfull Captain in the bartel, The firſt was, the fituation m— ar the
of the place, where he put his men in order of battel , fo as they bad the wind on their backs; bartel of
which raging like a burning lightning , raiſed a ſharp duſt out of the open ſandy valley , and paſſing ©#***:
over the CARTHAGINIANS f{quadron, blew full in the Rowans faces, with ſuch a violenee ,
that they were compelled to wm their faces , and to trouble their own rankes. The ſecond po- Hannibals or-
licy was, theform and order of his battel : for he placed on cither fide of his wings , the beft and 4*r of barte!
valianteſt Souldiers he had inall his Army ; and did fill up the middeſt of his batrel with the worſt of * ©****+
his men , which he made like a point, and was farther out by a great deal, then the two wings of the
front of his batxel, So he commanded thoſe of the wings , that when the Romans broken
his firſt front , and followed thoſe that back, whereby the middeft of his barted ſhould leave
an hollow place , and the enemies ſhould come in tl increaſing within the compaſs of his rwo
wings , that then they ſhould fer upon them on both fides , and charge their fankes immediately,
and ſo incloſe them in behind. And this was cauſe of greater ſlaughter. For when the middle battel
began to give back, and to receive the Romans withinit, who purſued the other very hotly ,
Haxnibals battel changed ber form : and where at the beginning it was like a point, it became now
in the middeft like a creſſant or half Moon, Thenthe C aptains of the chofrn Bands that lay out
in both the wings , made their men to turn, ſome on their left and ſome on the right, and char-
The 1
of he Reade
ged the Romans on the flankes and behind , where they were all naked , ſo they killed all thoſe at the bartel
that could not ſave theraſelves by flying before they were environed. They ſay alſo, that there fel} of Cznncs.
out another miſchief by misfortune unto the Horſemen of the Romans , and by this occaſion.
The Horſe of Pawins e/Emilias the Conlul being hurt , did throw his Maſter on the ground : where-
upon thoſe that were next him, «did light from their Horſe backs to help him. The reſidue of the
Horſemen that were a great way behind him , ſeeing them light , thought they had all been comman-
dedro light ; hereuponevery man forſook their Horſe , and fought it out on foot- Hanzibal when
he ſaw that, faid : yea marry , 1 had rather have chem fo, then delivered me-bound hand and foor.
But for thele manters the Hiſtoriographers do dilate more at large. Furthermore , of the two Con-
ſuls, Yarro ſaved himſelf by bis Harſe , with a. few following bim,, within the City of Vzxus a.
Paulus being in the middeſt of the throng of all the Army , his body fullof Arrows that fuck faſt in Pautnus _Anmi-
ſorrow and anguiſh , to ſee the overthrow of his {is lain ar the
men, was fet down by a Rock, looking tor ſome -of his enemies 0 come and rid him out of his =o, 08 Can-
his wounds, and his heart ſore loden with grievous
pain. But few could know him, his head and face was on ſuch a gore bloud ; inſomuch as his friends
and ſervants alſo paſſed by him and knew him not. And there was bur one Gentleman of a
Noble houſe of the Parreciens , called Cornelius Lentxlus , thatknew him , who did his beſt-endea-
vour to ſave him. Far he lighted on foot preſently, and brought hum bis Horſe, praying him to
get up upon him, to-prove if he could ſave himſelf for the necefiny of bis Caumrey, which now
more
Ce ee —_—_—_
158 FABIVUS..
# oh __—_—
more then ever had need of a good and wiſe Captzin, But he refuſed the Gentlemans offer and his
intreaty , and compelled him to rake his Horſe back again , though the- tears ran down the' cheeks
for pity : andraifing himſelf up to take him by the hand , he ſaid unto him : 1 pray you tell Fabiys
Maximus from me , and witneſs with me , that Paxlus e/Emilizs even to his laſt hour hath fol-
lowed his counſel , and did never ſwerve from the promiſe he made him : but that firſt he was forced
50000 Re- TO it by Varro, andafterwards by Hannibal. When he had delivered theſe words , he bad Lentalys
mans ſlain at farewell : and running again into the fury of the ſlaughter , there he died amongft his lain com-
the barrel of - panies. It is thought there were ſlain at this battel Fifty thouſand. Romans , and Four thou-
— {and taken Priſoners, and other Ten thouſand that were taken Priſoners in two Camps after the
battel, When this noble victory was gotten , Hannibals friends gave him counſel to follow his
fortune ; and to enter RoME after the ſcattered number that fled thither , ſo as within few
days following he might ſup in their Capitol, A man cannot eafily gueſs what was the cauſe char
ſtayed him , that he went not , unleſs it was ( as I think ) ſome good fortune, or favourable God
toward the RoMANs that withſtood him, and made him afraid and glad to retire, Whereupon
they ſay, that one Barca a CARTHAGINIAN , in hisanger ſaid to Hannibal ; Sir, you have the way
to overcome , but you cannot uſe victory. Notwithſtanding , this vitory made a marvellous change
All Ttaly re- forhim, for hereupon, all IT ALy in manner came in to ſubmit themſelves to him , where before he
voltedand had no Town at commandment, nor any ſtorehouſe or Port through all IT a Ly : yea he did mar-
_— > Vvellons hardly, and with much ado victual his Army with that he could daily rob and ſpoil , ha-
Hannibat. ving no certain place to retire unto , nor grounded -hope to entertain theſe wars , but kept the
field with his Army , removing from place to place , as =P had been a great number of murtherers
and thieves together. For the moſt part of the Countrey did yeeld immediately unto him : as the
Ciry of Cayua , being the chiefeſt and greateſt Ciry of all ITaLy but Rome, and did receive
Hannibal, and were at his devotion. Thus we may plainly fee, that as the Poet Euripides ſaith,
It is a great miſchief not onely to be driven to make triall of friends, but proof alſo of Captains
wiſdom, For that which before they accounted cowardlineſs and faint heart in Fabis , immediate-
ly after the battel, they thought it more then mans reaſon, and rather an heavenly wiſdom and influ-
ence, that ſo long foreſaw the things to come, which the parties ſelves that afterwards felt them, gave
little credit unto before, Upon this occaſion,. RO» t repoſed incontinently all their hope and truſt
in. Fabixs, and they repaired to him for counſel , as they would have ran unto ſome Temple or Al-
tar for ſan&uary; So as the firſt and chiefeſt cauſe of ſtaying the people together from diſperſing
_ themſelves abroad , 'as they did when Romt was taken by the Gaur s , was the onely opinion
and confidence they had in Fabizs wiſdom. For where before he ſeemed to be a coward and ti-
merous, when there was no danger nor misfortune happened ; then when every man wept and cried
out for ſorrow, which could not belp, and that all the world was ſo troubled that there was no order
taken for any thing ; he contrarily went alone up and down the City very modeſtly , with a bold
conſtant countenance , ſpeaking courteouſly to every one , and did appeaſe their womaniſh cries
and lamentations , and did forbid the common afſemblies and fond ceremonies , of lamenting the dead
corſe at their burials. Then he. perſwaded the Senate to aſſemble in counſel , and did comfort up
thoſe that were Magiſtrates , and he alone was the onely force and power of the City : for there was
Fabius con. AO A man that bare any Office , but did caſt hiseye upon Fabixs , to know what he ſhould do. He
ſtancy aker it wasthat cauſed the gates of the City ſtraight to be warded ,. and to keep thoſe in for going their
the overthrow way , that would have forſaken the Ciry. He moreover did appoint the time and -place of mourn-
at Cannes. ing, anddid command whoſoever was diſpoſed to mourn. , that, he ſhould do it privately in his
Fabius order Own houſe, and to continue onely bur thirty-days. Then he willed all mourning to be left off , and
for mourning, that the Ciry might be clean from ſuch unclean things. So the Feaft of Ceres falling about that
time, he thought it better to leave off the Sacrifices and Proceſſion which they were wont to keep on
Ceres day ; then by their ſmall number that were left , and ſorrow of thoſe that remained , to let their
enemies underſtand their exceeding great loſs : For the gods delight to be ſerved with glad and re-
joycing hearts, and with thoſe that are in proſperity. But all this notwithſtanding , whatſoever the
Prieſts would have done, either to pacifie the wrath of the gods, or to turn away the threatnings
The magna- Of theſe ſiniſter ſigns , it was forthwith done. For they did fend to the Oracle of Apollo in the City
nimity ofthe of DELPHOs , one of Fabixs Kinſmen ſurnamed Pj#or, And"two of the Veſtal Nuns being de-
' Romans after floured , the one was buried alive according to the Law and cuſtom, and the other made her {elf
the overthrow away; But herein the great courage and noble clemency of the Romans is marvellouſly to be
at Cann%. noted and regarded ; Forthe Conlul Terentizs Yarro , returning back to Rows, with the ſhame
of his extream misfortune and overthrow, that he durſt not look upon any man ; the Senate notwith-
ſtanding , and all the people following them , went to the gates of the City to meet him , and did ho-
nourably receive him. . Nay further, thoſe that were the chief Magiſtrates and Senatours, among
whom Fabius was one , ”: bs ſilence was made, they commended Yarro much becauſe he did not
deſpair of the preſervation of the Commonweal atter ſo great calamity , but did return again t0
the City , to help to reduce things to order , in ufing the authority of the Law, and the ſervice of the
Citizens , as not being altogether under foot , but ſtanding yer in reaſonable terms of good recovery.
| But when they underſtood that Zannibal after the battel was gone into other parts of ITALY , the"
4 NOW _— they. began to be of good cheer again, and ſent a new Army and Generals to the field , among
dius Marcelus Which the two chief Generals were Fabixs Maxim, and Claudins «Marcellus, both which by co!-
Generals, © trary means in manner, wan alike glory and reputation. For Marcellus ( as we have declared v
1
FABIVUS.
his Life ) was a man of ſpeedy execution , of 2 quick hand, of a valiant nature, and a right martial
man , as Homer calleth them that valiantly put themſelves in any d : by reaſon whereof, having
to deal with another Captain alike venturous and valiant as himfelf, in all ſervice and execution,
he ſhewed the ſelf baldneſs and courage that Hannibal did.” But Fabrxs perfifting Rill upon his firft
determination , did bope that though he did nat fight with Hanzibal, nor ſtir him at all, yet con-
tinual wars would confume him and his Army in the end , and bring them both ro nought , as a
common wreſtler that forceth his body above his natural ftrength, doth in the end become a lame
and bruiſed man : Hereupon Poſſidavius writeth , that the one was called the Rowans Sword, p,j;10a;;
and the other their Target. And that Fabixs conſtancy and refoluteneſs in wars to fight with ſe- words of Fa
curity , and ta commitnothingto bazard and danger , being mingled with Afarcelizs heat and fury, bis and Mar-
was that onely which preſerved the Romans Empire, For Haxnibal meeting always in his way ceſeus,
the one that was furious as a ſtrong guns, mp » found that his Army was continually curmoyled
and overhurried ; and the other that was as 4 little pretry River, he found that his Army ran
ſoftly under him without any noyſe, bur yet continually by little and little it did fill conſume and di-
minith him , untill he ſaw binfelf at the laſt brought to that paſs, that he was weary of fighting
with Marcellus , and afraid of Fabixs, becauſe he fought not. For during all the time of theie
wars, he had ever theſe two Captains almoſt againſt him, which were made either Prztors, Con-
{uls or Proconſuls, for either of them both had been five times before choſen Conſul. Yer as for
Marcellus, Hannibal had laid inambuſh for him inthe fift and laſt year of his Confulſhip, where he Marceilus Alain
ſet upon him on a ſudden, and flew him. Burt as for Fab5z , he laid many baits for him, and did Þy 2" ambuth
what be could by all the skill and reach he had , by ambuſhes, and other warlike policies to entrap ® #9".
him, but he could never draw him within his danger. Howbeit at one time he pur him to a little
trouble, and was in ood hope then to have made hum fall upon his ambuſh he had laid for him , and
this policy : He had counterfeited Letters written and ſent unto him from the City of MsrT a yoxT,
ro pray bum to come to them , and they would deliver their City into his hands : and withall, thar
ſuch as were privy to the contents of the ſame, defired no other thing but his repair thither, Theſe
Letters prettily quickened Fab:xs , infomuch as he was determined one night to have taken part of
his Army , and to have gone to them : but becauſe the figns of the Birds did promiſe him no good
ſucceſs , he left off his purpoſe. Soon after he underſtood they were counterteit Letters , made by
Haunibals fine device tq have drawn him out , and to have entrapped him , for whom himſelf lay in
perſon in ambufh near the Ciry , looking and waiting for his coming : but the gods who would
bave him faved , were onely to bet for his happy ſcape. Furthermore concerning the revolt
= hy — = _ ———
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of the Cities that were ſubjeRt unto him, and the rifing ot their allies and friends againſt them , Fabixs Fabius lenity
thought it far better to entreat them curteoully , making them aſhamed without occaſion to rebel] i mo
againſt them, racher than openly ta ſuſpe& them, and to deal ſtraightly with thoſe that were ſo to
be ſuſpe&ted. Now for this matter , it is reported that Fabixs had a Souldier in his Camp that was
a MARSIAN born by Nation, a valiant man of his perſon, and alſo of as Noble a Houſe as any that
were of all the allies of the Romans, who had practiſed with other his fellows of the Band he
ſerved in, to go ſerve the enemy. Fabins hearing of this practiſe he went about, gave him no ill
countenance far it , bur calling him to him, he faid : I muſt confeſs there is no reckoning made of
I
—3;,- CC DES _ —— i — PS OCT —
———
_-
_
bo —
_
bo 0%
wart
you, as your good ſervice doth deſerve, wherefore for this time ( faith he ) I blame the perry q,1v 4,
Captains anely , which in ſuch ſort do beſtow their good will and favour at adventure, and not by };us reclaimed
deſert ; But forth it ſhall be your own fault if you do not declare your mind unto me , and an evil Soul-
between you and me make me privy of your lack and neceflity. When he had fpoken theſe words 4ier-
to him, he gave him a very good Horſe for ſervice, and did reward him with other honourable gifts,
25 men of gaod ſervice and deſert have commonly beftowed on them. And this did ſo encourage his
Souldiers thencefarth, that he became a very faihfull and ſerviceable Souldier to the Romans, For
Fabius thought it more fit, that hunters, riders of Horſes, and ſuch like as rake upon them to tame bruit
beaſts, ſhould ſooner make them leave their ſavage and churlith nature by gentle uſage and manning
of them, then by beating and ſhackling of them. And ſo a Governour of Men, ſhould rather correc his Neceſlary
Souldiers by patience, —_ and clemency,then by rigor, violence or ſeverity : Ctherwiſe he ſhould Rules tor a
ery
handle them more rud
grariates z who by diligent pruning and good handling of them , do alter their hard and wild na-
ture , and cauſe them in the end to bring forth good Figs , Olives and Pomegranates. Another time
certain Captains of his brought him word , that there was one of their Souldiers which would ever
Pang the Camp, and leave bis Enſign. He asked them, what manner of man he was : They an-
ered him all together , that he was a very good Souldier , and that they could hardly find out ſuch
another in all their Bands as he : and therewithall they told him of ſome notable ſervice they had
{cen him do in perſon. Whereupon Fabius made a diligent enquiry ro know what the cauſe was
that made him go ſo oft out of the Cap : in the end he found he was in love with a young Woman,
and that to go ſee her was the cauſe he did ſo oft leave his Enfign , and did put his life in ſo great
danger, for | ſhe was ſo far off. When Fabius underſtaod this, he ſent certain Souldiers ( un-
knowing to the Souldier ) to bring the Woman away he loved , and willed them to hide her in his
Tent , and then called he the Sauldier to bim, that was a Luc a 14 x born, and taking him aſide , faid
unto himthus : My friend , it bath been told me, that thou haft lyen many nights our of the Camp,
againſt the Law of Arms and Order of the Romans ; but therewithall 1 underſtand alſo that
otherwiſe thou art an honeft man , and therefore I pardon thy faults paſt , in conſideration of _
£00
and ſharply then Husbandmen do Fig-trees, Olive-trees and wild Pome- Captain.
FABIULS.
160
Hcw F abius
wan Tareatum
again,
Tarentum won
by a Womans
means.
F abius took
the City of
T arcntum.
F abius ambi-
tion cauſe of
foul murder,
good ſervice : but from henceforth T will give thee in cuſtody to ſuch a one, as ſhall make me account
of thee, TheSouldier was blanke when he heard theſe words, Fabixs with that, cauſed the Woman
he was in love with to be brought forth, and delivered her into his hands , ſaying unto him : This
Woman hereafter ſhall anſwer me thy body to be forthcoming in che Camp amongſt us : and from
henceforth thy deeds ſhall witneſs for the reſt , that thy love unto this Woman , may be no cloke
for thy departing out of the Camp for any wicked praQtiſe or intent, Thus much we find written
concerning this matter. Moreover, Fabizs after ſuch a ſort recovered again the Ciry of Tartx-
TUM , and brought it to the obedience of the Roma ns, which they had loſt by. treaſon. It for.
tuned there was a young man in his Camp, a TARENTINE born, that had a Siſter within Ta.
RENTUM , Which was very faithfull tro him, and loved him marvellous dearly : now there was a
Captain , a BxuTI1AN born, that fell in love with her, and was one of thoſe to whom Hannibal
bad committed the charge of the City of Tak:nTuM. This gave the young Souldier the T a-
RENTINE, very good hope and way , to bring his enterpriſe to good effet : whereupon he re-
vealed his intent to Fabixs , and with his privity fled from his Camp , and got into the City of T a-
RENTUM , giving it out inthe City, that he would altogether dwell with his Siſter. Now for a
few days at his firſt coming the BxuT1aNn Captain lay alone by himſelf, at the requeſt of the
maid his Siſter , who thought her Brother had not known of her love : and ſhortly after the young
fellow took his Siſter aſide, and ſaid unto her : My good Siſter , there wasa great ſpeech in the Ro-
MANS Camp, that thou werrt kept by one of the chiefeſt Captains of the Garriſon : 1 pray thee
it it beſo, let me know what he is. , foro he be a good fellow, and an honeſt man ( as they ay he
is ) I care not : for wars that turneth all things topſi-turvy , regardeth not of what place or calling
heis of , and ſtill maketh vertue of neceſſity, without reſpect of ſhame. And it is a ſpeciall good for-
rune, at ſuch time as neither rightnor reaſon rules, to happen yet into the hands of a good and gra-
cious Lord, His Siſter hearing him ſpeak theſe words , ſent tor the Bxur1an Captain, to bring
him acquainted with her Brother , who liked well of both their loves , and endeavoured himſelf to
frame his Siſters love in berter ſort towards him, then it was before : by reaſon whereof , the Captain
alſo began to truſt him very much. So this young TARENTINE ſaw it was very eafie to win
and turn the mind of this amorous and mercinary man, with hope of great gifts that were promiſed
him, and Fabix ſhould perform.” Thus do the moſt part of writers ſer down this tory. Howheit
ſome writers ſay , that this Woman who wan the BxuTzan Captain, was not a TakE x-
TINE, but a BxuT1an born, whom Fabixs it is ſaid, kept afterwards for his Concubine , and
that ſhe underſtanding the Captain of the Bxut1ans ( who lay in garriſon within the City of
TARENTUM ) was alſo a BxuT1AaN born, and of her own native Countrey , made Fabins
privy to her intent , and with his conſent, ſhe coming to the walls of the City , ſpake with this Bzu-
T14 N Captain, whom ſhe handled in ſuch ſort, that they wan him. Bur whileſt this gere was a brew-
ing, Fabizs, becauſe he would train Hannibal out of thoſe quarters , wrote unto the Souldiery of
RHEG10, Which belonged ro the RoMaNS, that they ſhould enter the borders of the Bxu-
TIANS , andlay fiege to the City of CauLoN1A, and razeit to the ground. Theſe Razc1an
Souldiers were about the number ot Eight thouſand , and the moſt of them Traitors and runagates
from one Camp to another : and the worſt fort of chem and moſt defamed of lite , were thoſe that
Marcellus brought thither out of S$1c1LE, fo that in loſing them all, the loſs were nothing to
the Commonwealth, and the forrow much leſs. So Fabixs thought , that putting theſe fellows out
for a prey to Hannibal (as a ftale rodraw him from thoſe quarters ) he ſhould pluck him by this
means from TARENTUM ; and fo it came to paſs. For Hanmbal incontinently went thence with
his Army to entrap them : and in the mean time Fabizz went to lay fiege to TAREN Tum, where
he had not lien fix days before it , but the young man ( who together with his Sifter had drawn
che BxuT1AaN Captain to this treaſon ) ſtole out one night ro Fabixs, to inform him of all, ha-
ving taken very good marks of that fide of the wall the Bxut1a n Captain had taken charge of,
who had promiſed him to keep it ſecret, and to ſufter them ro enter that came to aſſault that fide,
Yet Fabis would not ground his hope altogether upon the BxuT1a ns executing this treaſon , but
went himſelf in perſon to view the place appointed , howbeit without attempting any thing for that
time : and in the mean ſeaſon , he gave a general aſſault to all parts of the Ciry ( as well by fea as by
Land ) with great ſhouts and cries. Then the BxuTi1an Captain ſeeing all the- Citizens and
garriſons run to that part where they perceived the noiſe to be greateſt , made a fignall unto Fabims,
that now was the time, Who then cauſed ſcaling ladders to be brought a pace, whereupon himlſelt
with his company ſcaled the walls , and ſo wan the City, Bur it appeared here, that ambition over-
came him : for firft he commanded they ſhould kill all the BxuT1ans, becauſe it ſhould not be
known he had won the City by treaſon, But this bloudy policy tailed bim : for he mifſed not onely
of the glory helooked for , but moſt deſervedly he had the reproach of cruelty and falſhood. At
the raking of this C iry, a marvellous number ot the TaxtnTINEs were lain, befides there were
ſold Thirty thouſand of the chiefeſt of them , and all the Ciry was ſacked : and of the ſpoil there was
carried to the common ſtore treaſure at Rome Three thouſand Talents, Ir is reported alſo, that when
they did ſpoil and carry away all other ſpoils left behind, the Recorder of the City asked Fabim,
what his pleaſure was to do with the gods, meaning the Tables, and their Images : and to that Fabim
anſwered him , Let us leave the TARENT1NES their gods that be angry with them, This not-
withſtanding , he carried from thence Hercules ſtatue , that was of a monſtrous bigneſs, and cauſed
it to be ſet up in the Capitol , and withall did ſet up his own lmage in braſs on horſeback by =
ut
FABIVUS.
——
161
But in that a& he ſhewed himſelf far harder hearted than «Marcellus had done, or to ſay more tru:
ly, thereby he made the world know how much Aarcelus courteſie, clemency, and bounty was to be
wondred at, as we have written in his Life. News being brought ro Hannibal, that Tart x tuw
was beſieged, he marched preſently with all ſpeed pollible to raiſe the ſiege : and they ſay he had
almoſt come in time, for he was within forty furlongs of the Ciry when he underſtood the troth of
the raking of it, Then ſaid he out aloud, Sure the RomMANSs have their Zannibal too : for 25s we wan
TaRENTUum, ſo have we loſt it. Bur after that, to his friends he ſaid plainly (and that was the firſt
time they ever heard him ſpeak it) that he ſaw long before, and now appeared plainly, that they could
not poſlibly- with this ſmall power keep ITALY. Fabius made his Triumph and entry into Row
the ſecond time, by reaſon of taking this Ciry : and his ſecond Tri
F abius (ſetond
riumph was much mare honourable Triumph.
chan the firſt, as of a valiant Caprain that held our till with F7annibal, and eaſily mer with all his fine
policies, much likethe ſlight tricks of a cunning wreſtler, which carried nor now the former roughneſs
and ſtrength any more, becauſe that his Army was given to take their eaſe, and grown to delicacy,
partly through the great riches they had gotten, and partly alſo for that it was ſore waſted and dimi-
niſhed, through the ſundry foughten battles and blows they had been at. Now there was one Mar-
cus Livins a ROMAN, that was Governoupof TARE NTUM at that time when Hannibal took it,
and nevertheleſs keptthe Caſtle ſtill our of Hannibals hands, and fo held it ſtill untill the Ciry came
again into the hands of the Romans. This Liviu ſpited to fee ſuch honour done to Fabirs, ſo
that one day in open Senate, being drowned with envy and ambition, he burſt out and (aid : chat ir
was himſelf, not Fabins, that was cauſe of taking of the City of TaRE NTUM again. Fabias ſmiling
to hear him, anſwered him openly : Indeed thou ſayeft crue, for if thou hadſt not loſt ir, I had never
won it again. But the RoMANs in all other reſpects did greatly honour Fabius, and ſpecially for
that they choſe his Son Conſul. He having already taken polleſſion of his Office, as he was diſ-
patching certain cauſes _—_— the Wars, his Father (whether ir was for debility gf his age, or to
prove his Son.) took his horſe to come to him, and rode through the preſs of the people that
thronged about him, having buſineſs with him. But his Son ſeeing him coming afar off, woutd
not ſuffer it, but ſent an Officer of his unto him, to command him to light off his horſe, and to come
on foot ifhe had any thing todo with the Conſul. This commandment miſliked the people that heard
it ; and they all looked upon Fabiws, bur ſaid not a word : thinking with themſelves, that the Conſul
did great wrong to his Fathers greatneſs, So he lighted ſtraight, and went a good round pace to em-
brace his Son, and ſaid unto him ; You have reaſon Son, and do wellto ſhew over whom you com-
mand, — the authoriry of a Conſul, which place you havereceived : For it is the dire
courſe, by the which we and our anceſtors have encreaſed the Rowan Empire : preterring ever the
honour and ftate of our Countrey, above Father, Mother or Children, And truly they ſay _= Fabins
Great-Grandfather, being the greateſt and moſt Noble perſon of Ro x in his time, having five times
been Conſul, and bad obniined many Triumphs, for divers Honourable and ſundry ViRories he had
won : was contented after all theſe, ro be his Sons Lieutenant, and to go to the wars with him, he
being choſen Conſul. And laft of all, the Conſul his Son returning home to Rot a Conquerour,
in his triumphing Chariot drawn with four Horſes, he followed him on Horſeback alſo, in troop
with the reſt, thinking it honour to him, that having autboricy over his Son in the right of a Fa-
ther, and being alſo the Nobleſt Man of all the Citizens, fo taken and reputed, nevertheleſs he wil-
lingly ſubmitted himſelf to the Law and Magiſtrate, who had authority of him. Yer beſides all this, he
ha fir more exculent vertues to be had in admiration, than thoſe already ſpoken of, But it fortu-
ned that this Son of Fab:«s died beforehim, whole death he took patiently, like a wiſe man, and a4
good Father. Now the cuſtom being at that time, that at the death of a Noble man , their neareſt
Kinſman ſhould make a Funeral Oration in his praiſe at their Obſequies : he bimſelf made the ſame
Oration in honour of his Son, and did openly ſpeak it in the Market-place, and moreover wrote it,
and delivered it out abroad. About this time, Cornelius Scipio was ſentinto Sp A1N, who drave out
the CARTHAGINIANS from thence, after he had overthrown them in many battles, and had con-
quered many great Cities, and greatly advanced the honour and eſtimation of the ſtate of Rout :
for the which at his return, he was as much, or rather more hanoured, beloved and efteemed, than any
other that was in the City of Roz. Hereupon Scipio being made Conſul, conſidered that the peo-
ple of Rows looked for ſome great matter at his hands, above all other. Therefore he thought, to
take upon him to fight againſt Hannibal in ITALY, he ſhould but follow the old manner, and tread
too much in the ſteps of the old man : whereupon he reſolved immediately to make wars in Arx1cx,
and-to burn and deſtroy the Countrey even unto CARTHAGE gates, and ſo to transfer the wars
out of ITALY into Ly B14, procuring by all poſlible device he could, ro put it into the peoples heads,
and to make them like of it. But Fab:s contrarily, perſwading himſelf that the enterprize this young
raſh youth took in hand, was utterly to overthrow the Commonweal, or to put the State of Ro»E
F abjur witty
Anſwer,
RY ſtrange com-
mandment of
the Son to the
Father.
The Father 0<
beyeth hisSons
authority, and
commendeth
him.
Scipio Conſal,
F abius was 4-
gainſt the
in great danger : deviſed to put RomE in the greateſt fear he could poſlible, without ſparing ſpeech counſel and
or deed he thought might ſerve for his purpoſe, to make the people change from that mind. Now he device of $ci-
could ſo cunningly work his purpoſe, what with ſpeaking and doing, that he had drawn all the Senate io African.
to his opinion, But the people judged, it was the ſecret envy he bare to Scipio's glory, that drew him
to encounter this device, onely to blemiſh Sczpso's Noble fortune , fearing, leſt if he ſhould happen to
do ſome honourable ſervice (as to make an end altogether of this war, or otherwiſe to draw Han-
nibal out of ITALY) that then it would appear to the world, he had been roo ſoft, or too negligent, to
draw this war out to ſuch a length. For my part, methinks che onely matter that moved Fabins
P from
i Ao rn 7%
As A— Ee OS Si
_ o
-
F. A 'B\FEV.S.
fromthe beginning to be againſt Scipio, was the great care he had of the ſafety of the Commonweal
by pts hap 2 great danger depending upon ſuch a reſolution. And yer I do think alſo, that afrer-
wards he went further than he ſhould, contending roo ſore againſt him (whether it were through am-
birion or obſtinacy) ſeeking to hinder and ſupprels the grearnels of Scipio : conſidering alſo he did his
beſt ro-perſwade Craſſus, Scrpio's companion 1n the Conſulſhip, that he ſhould not grant unto him the
leading of the Army, bur if be chought good to go into ArR1Gx, to make wars upon the CarThaA-
G1NIANS, that he ſhould rather go himſelf. and moreover, he was the ler that they gave him no
Money for maintenance of theſe wars. Scpio hereupon being turned oyer to his own credit, ro furniſh
himſelf as hecould, he levied great ſums of Money in the Cities of THuscan, who for the great love
they bare him, made contribution towards bis journey. And {F4ſ/#s remainedar home, both becauſe
he was a ſoft and no ambirious nor covetous man of nature , as allo, becauſe he was the chiefeſt Prelate
cvaſſur igh and bigh Biſhop, who by the Law of their Religion, was conſtrained ro keep Ros, Fabiu: ſeeing
Biſhop of Rome his labour loſt that way, tookagainanother courſe ro croſs Scipso, deviſing to ſtay the young men ar
home, that had great deſireto go.this journey with him, For he cryed our with open mouth, in all
aſſemblies of rhe Senate and people, that Scipio was not contented onely to fly Hannibal, bur that he
would carry withhim beſides the whole force of ITALY that remained : alluring the youth with ſweet
baits of vain hope; and perſwading them to leave their Wives, their Fathers, Mothers, and their Coun-
rrey, even now when their enemy knocked at Row £ gates, why did ever conquer, and was never yer
conquered. | Theſe words of Fabius did ſo damp tie Ro Mans, that they appointed Scipio ſhould tur-
niſh his j y onely with the Army that was in $1C1L14, ſaving that he might ſupply to them if he
odd. Gece laadels of the beſt Souldiers that had ſerved him fairhfully in Sear. And fo it doth
' appear even t94tbis- preſent, that F abi«s both did and ſaid all things according to his wonted manner,
The famous and natural diſpoſition, Now Scapie was no ſooner arrivedin AFR1Cx, but news were brought to
a&s donein RoME incontingntly, of wonderfull exploits, and noble ſervice done beyond meaſure , and ot grear
Africk by $ci- ſpoils taken by him, which argued the troth of the news. As, the King of the Num1D1ans taken Pri-
pio Africanus. {gner, two Camps of the enemies burnt and deſtroyed at a time, with loſs of a great number of people,
8razor and houſesthat were conſumed in the ſame ; Lerters and Poſts far life running inthe neck one of
- anotherfrom CARTHAGE to call, Hannibal home, and tb pray him to huntno longer after vain hope
© that would never haveend, haſting himſelf with all ſpeed poilible te come to the reſcue of his Country,
Theſe wonderfull great fortunes of Scipia,made him of ſuch renown and fame within Ro ,that there
was 60 talk bus of Scipzo. Fabiny notwithſtanding deſiſted not ro make a new requeſt, being of opi-
niog they ſhould ſend him a Succeſſor ; alledging no other cauſe nor xeaſop, but a common ſpeech of
every. body ; that it was adangerous thing to.commit to the fortune of one man alone, ſo great exceed-
ing proſperity and good (uccels, becauſe it is a rare matter to ſee one man happy in all things, Thele
words did fo much miſlike the people, that they thought him an envious troubleſome man, or elle they
chought his age had made him fearful, and that his courage failed with his ftreagth, fearing Fannibal
more doubrfully than he needed. .Fornow though Hannibal was forced to teave ITALY, and tore-
turn into AFRICE, Yet Fabius would not grant, that the peoples joy and ſecurity they rhought they
were in, was altogether clear, and wichout tear and miſtruft , bur gave it Out, that then they were in
greateſt danger, andthat the Commonweal was breeding more miſchief now than before, For when
onihal (aid be) ſhall return home into ArRICx, and come before CarxTHAGE walls, the Ro-
MANS ſball be leſs able to abide him there, then they have been before : and Scipio moreover ſhall
meet with an Army yetwarm, and embrued with the bloud of ſo many Prztors, DiRators, and Con-
fuls of Rox, which they have oyercome, and put ro the Sword in ITALY, With theſe uncomfor-
table ſpeeches, he ſtill troubled and diſquieted the whole City, perſwading them that notwithſtanding
the war was transferred out of ITALY into AFRICx, yet that the occaſion of fear was no leſs near
unto Rowe, than it was ever before. But within ſhorr ſpace after, Scipio having overcome Hannibal
in plain bartle in the field, and rrodden under foot the glory and pride of Carthage, he broughta great-
er joy to ROME than they ever looked for , And by this noble victory of his, be raiſed up again the
declining ſtare of the Empire of Ro, which a little before was falling downright. Howbeit Fabius
lived not to theend of this War, nor ever heard while he lived the joytull news of Hannibals happy
overthrow, neither 'were- his years prolonged to ſee the happy afſured proſperiry of his Countrey ;
The death of Fg about that time that Hannibal departed out of ITALY, afickneſs rook him, whereof he died.
Fabius Mex?" The ſtories declare that the Ts BANS buried Epaminondas atthe common charges of the people , be-
; cauſe hedied in ſo great poverty, that when he was dead, they tound nothing in the houſe but a little
iron ſpit. Now the Romans buried not Fabixs ſo at the common charge of the Ciry, but every man
of benevolence gave towards his Funeral charge, a piece of coin that carried the leaſt value of their cur-
The Funerals rant money .; not for that he lacked abiliry.to bring him to the ground, but onely to honour his memo-
of Fabius, ry, in making his obſequies at their charges, as of onethat had been their common Father, So had his
vertuous life an honourableend and buriall.
|
þ
|
|
—_—
_ —_—— —
3 AMES _
The End of Fabius Maximus Life.
THE COMPARISON OF
P ERICLES with FABIUS.
4
#
& Ere have you heard what is written of theſe — Perſons.” And for as much
as they have both left behind chem, many notable examples of vertue, as well in
marrial matters, as in civil government, ler us begin. to compare them together,
Firſt of all, Pericles began to govern the Commonweal, at what time the peo-
I ple of ATHENS were in their chiefeſt proſperity, and of greater powerand
wealth, than ever they had been of before or ſince. The which might ſeem to be
a cauſe of the continual maintenance of the ſame in ſecurity without danger of
I falling, not ſo much for their worthineſs, as for their common power and felict-
ty:where contrariwiſe Fabixs as fell out in the moſt diſhonourable and unfortunate time that ever hap-
pened to his countrey, in which he did not onely keep the Ciry in good ſtate from declining, but raiſed
it up, and delivered it from calamity, and brought it to be better than he found ir, Furthermore, C:-
mons great good fortune and ſucceſs, the vitories and triumphs of Aſyronides, and of Leocrates, and
many notable valiant deeds at arms of Tolmides, gave good cauſe to Pericles, to entertain his City in
Feaſts and Plays, whileſt he did govern the ſame : and he did not find it in ſuch ill caſe and diſtreſs, thar
he was driven to defend it by force of arms, or to conquer that again which before was loſt, But Fa-
bins in contrary manner, when he ſaw before him many overthrows, great flying away, much mur-
der, great ſlaughters of the Generals of the Roy a x Armies, the Lakes, the Plains, the Woods filled
with ſcattered Men, the people overcome, the Flouds and Rivers running all agore-blood (by reaſon
of the great ſlaughter) and the ſtream carrying down the dead bodies to the main ſea : Cid take in hand
the government of his Countrey, and by a courſe far contrary to all other, he did ſo underprop and
bear up the ſame, that he kept it from falling fat to the ground,amongſt thoſe ruines and overthrows 0-
ther had brought it to before him, Yet a man may ſay alſo, that it is no matter of ſo great difficulty to
rule a City already brought low by adverſity, and which compelled by neceſlity, is contented to be
governed by a wiſe man : as it is to bridle and keep under the inſolency of a people, puft up with pride
and preſumption of long proſperity, as Pericles found it amongſt the ATHEN1A NS. The great mul-
titude alſo of ſo many grievous calamities as lighted on the Ro ma xs necks at that time, did plainly
ſhew Fabii to be a grave and conſtant man, which would never give way unto the importunate cries of
the common people, nor could ever be removed from that he had at the firſt determined. The winning
and recovering again of TARE N Tum, may well be compared to the taking of Sa os, which Pericles
wan by force: and the Cities of Ca yA xN14,untothe Iſle of Eu 04 : excepting the City of Ca eva,
which the Conſuls Falvius and Appins recovered again. But it ſeemeth that Fabiws never wan bartle,
fave that onely for which he triumphed the firſt time : where Pericles ſet up nine Triumphs, of Battles
and Victories he had won, as well by Sea as by Land. And ſo alſo, they cannor alledge ſuch an a& done
by Pericles as Fabins did,when he reſcued Minutius out of the hands of Hannibal, and ſaved a whole
Army of the Roma Ns : which doubtleſs was a famous aR, and proceeded of a rioble mind, great
wildom, and an honourable heart. But Pericles, again did never commit ſo groſs an errour as Fa-
bis did, when he was out-reached and deceived by Hannibals fine ſtratagem of his Oxen : who
having found his Enemy by chance to have ſhut himſelf up. in the ſtraight of a valley, di
uifer him to eſcape in the night by a ſubrilty, and in the day by plain force ; for he was prevent-
ed by overmuch delay, and fought witball by him be kept incloſed. Now if it be requiſite, a
P 2 good
S_—
_164:
PERICLES and FABIVS.
The gift of a
good General.
The faults of
Generals.
The compari-
ſon betwixt
Pericles and
Fabius for ci-
vil govern-
meur,
Fabius Reve-
nue.
The Buildings
ot Rome no-
thing compa-
rable to Perj-
cles Works,
— O'*C— —— ——
— —
good Captain do not onely uſe well what he hath in his hands, but that he wiſely judge alſo what will
follow after, then the wars of the ATHENIANS fell out inſuch ſort, as Pericles ſaid they would come
to paſs; for with ambition to'embrace roo much, they overthrew their eſtate. But the Roa ws con-
trariwiſe,having ſentScipio into AFRICK to make wars withthe CARTHAG1NIA NS,wan all that they
rook in hand : where their General did not oyerceme the enemy by fortune, but by valiantneſs. $9
that the wiſdom of the one is witneſſed, by the ruine of his Countrey : and the error of the other teſti-
fied, by the happy event of that he would have ler. Now the fault is alike in a General, to fall into dan-
ger, for lack of forecaſt : as for cowardlinels to ler (lip a fir opportunity offered, to do any notable
piece of ſervice. For like default and lack of experience maketh the one too hardy, and the other too
fearfull, And thus much touching the wars, Now for civil government : it was a foul blot to Peri.
cles, to be the author of wars. For it is thought, that he alone was the cauſe of the ſame, for that he
would not have them yield to the LacEp&MoNIANS in any reſpect, And yet methinks Fabiys 1Ma-
ximus alſo would no more g1 ce utrito the CARTHAGINIANS, but ſtood firm and bold in all dan-
ger to maintain the Empire gffis Countryagajaſt chem. Bur the goodneſs and clemency Fabius ſhew-
ed unto Ainutius, doth mach commend Pericis accuſations and practiſes, againſt {imon and Thucy-
dides : both of them being Nobleand good men, and taking part with the Nobility, whom he expulC-
ed out of ATHENS, and baniſhedfor a time. So was Pericles power and authority in the Common-
weal greater : by reaſon whereof hedid ever foreſee, that no General in all his time did raſhly attempt
any thing hurtfull unto the Coptmoiweal, except 7 olmides onely : who fled from him, and in deſpite
of him went to fight with the BO&&$ 7axs, where he was ſlain, As for all other Generals, they whol-
ly put themſelves into his hands, and did obey him for the greatneſs of his authority. - But Fabia, al-
chough for his part he never committed any fault, and that he went orderly to work inall government ;
yet becauſe he was not of power to keep others from doing ill, it ſeemerh in this reſpe& he was de-
fetive, For if Fabixs had. carried like authority in Rome, as Pericles did in AtHzns, the Ro-
MANS had not faln into ſo great miſery as they did. And for Liberaliry, the one ſhewed it, in refu-
ſing the Money offered him : and the other in giving unto thoſe that needed, and redeeming his poor
captive Countrey men, And yet. Fabixs might diſpend no great Revenue, for his whole Receits came
onely to-fix Talents. But for Pericles, it is bard to fay how rich he was, who had coming in to him,
great preſents by his authority, as well of the Subje&t, as of the Friends and Allies of the Arizn1-
ANS, as alſo of Ki and frapge Princes : yer he never took Bribe for all that of any perſon living.
And to conclude, as ipr the iumptuous building of Temples, the ſtately Works and common Buildings:
put all the Ornaments together thateyer were in Ros, before the times of the (ſars, they are nor
to be compared with thoſe, wherewith Pericles did beautifie and adorn the City of Arxzns. For
neither in quality nor quantity was there any proportion or like compariſon, between the excecding
ſumptuouſneſs of the one, and of the other.
THE LIFE OF
ALCIBIADE.S.
oi
Ty
Kx-, is hard to
be exprefled in
in Engliſh, in
ttead wherect
I have ſer fat-
ling blows, for
flactering
brows, obſer-
vins the grace
of liſping as
neer 3s I could
like to the La.
tin and French
tranſlations,
likewiſe Theo-
las for Toeorur:
_
——._
4LCIBIADES.
Alcibiades ſtu-
dies,
A vile thing to
play on the
Flute.
Socrates love
to Alcibjades.
Alcibiades in-
ſ-lency unto
Anytus.
mouth, and bit ſo hard, as he would haye eaten ix off, The ocher fedling him bite ſo hatd,ler go his hold
traight,and ſaid unto him:What Alcibiades, bitgſt thou like a Woman? No marry do Inot(quoth he)
but like a Lyon. Another time heing but a lule boy, he played ax Skails in the midſt of the ſtreet with
other ofhis companions, and when his turn came about to throw, there came a cart laden by chance
that way : Alcibiades prayed the carter to ſtay a while, untill he had played out his game, becauſe the
Skails were ſet right in the high way where the cart ſhould paſs over. The carter was a ſtubborn knaye,
and would not ſtay for any requeſt the Boy could make, but drave his Horſe on ſtill, in ſo much as 0-
ther boys gave back to ler _—_ on ; but Alcibiades tell flat to gw before the cart, and bad the
carter drive over and he durſt, The carter being afraid, plucked back his Horſe to ſtay them : the
neighbours frighted to ſee thedanger, ran to the boy in all haſte crying out. Afterwards when'he was
put to ſchool to learn, he was very obedient to.al] tus Maſters that raught him any thing, javing that he
diſdained tolearn to play on the Flute or Recorger : Gying, that it was no gentlemanly quality. For,
ſaid he, to play onthe Viol with a ſtick, doph get alter mans fayour, nor air any gentleman : bur
otherwiſe, to play on the Flute, his coyprenance alterech and changeth ſo oft, chat his familiar friends
can ſcant know hum, Moreover the or Viol doth not let hym that playeth on them,from ſpeaking,
or ſinging as he playeth ; where he chat playerh og che Flute, holderb his mouth ſo haxd to ir, that is
takethnor opely his words from him but his vaice, . Therefore ſaid he, let the Children of the Ty +-
BANS play on the Flute, that cannot tell how ap ſpeak ; as for the ATHEN1ANS, we haye (as our
forefathers tell us) for ProteRers and Patrons of our Countrey, the goddeſs Pall as, and the god Apolt:
of the which the one in old time (as it is (aid) brake the Flute, and the other pulled his skin over his
ears, i\at played on a Flute. . Thus Aici#1ades alledging theſe xeaſons, parily in ſport, and partly in
good earneſt, did not onely himſelf leave to learn to play onthe Flute, but he turned his companions
minds alſo quite from it. For theſe words of Alcib5edes, ran from boy to boy incontinently : that 4/-
ciboades had reaſon to deſpiſe playing on the Flute, and that he mocked all thoſe that learned to play
on it. So afterwards, it tell out at AT##Ns,-4hatceaching to play on the Flute, was put out of the
number ofhoneft and liberal exerciſes, and the Flute it ſelf was thought a vile inftrument, and of no re-
putation. Furthermore, in the accuſations Antiphon wrote againſt Alcibiades, it is declared : that when
he was a Bey, be fed ous of Þis uwors houſe, axothe houle of Dewerrates one of his lovers, and how
Ariphros one of bis gers theugbt io have madea beadle cry him through che City; but Perecles would
not ſufter dim, (@ying, that if he were dead, they ſhould know it bur one day ſooner by crying of him:
and if he were alive, that is would be ſuch a {hare to him while he lived, chat he had bin better he had
never been heard: of again, The ſame Aneip-or acauieth him further, tha he had killed a ſervant of bis
that attended on him, in the wraftling place of Sibyriius, with a blow of a ſtaff, Bu there isno rea-
ſan to credatbis. writing, who conf he ſpeaketh all che ill he can of him, for the ill will he did bear
him. Now Rraight there weremany great and rich men rhat made much of A/cibrades, and were glad
to get his good will. But Spcrates Love unto him had another end 2nd cayſe, which witneſſed that 4l-
cibzades had 2 natural ipdlinatiante verve. Who perceiving that vertue did appear in him, and was
joyned with the other beauty of his fee and body, and fearing the corruption of riches, dignity and
authority, and the great numberof his campanions, as well of the chicfeſt of the City, as of trangers,
ſeeking to entice him by Battery, and by many other pleaſures : he rook upon him to ProteRt him from
them all, ang nos 50 ſuffer ſo goodly an imp ro loaſe the hope of the good fruit of his youth, For for-
tedoth never {0 nor ſnare a man without, with that which they commonty cell riches, as to
let and hinder him {o, chat Philoſoptry ſhould not take hold on hiaa with her free, ſevere and quick rea-
ſons. So Alcihiedes was a3 the beginning, aſſayed with all delights, and ſhut up as i were in their
company that feafted him with all pleaſures, anely to turn him that he ſhould not hearken to Socrates
words, who ſought to bring him up at his charge, and to teach him. But Alesbiades nowichſtanding,
having a good natural wit, knew what Socrates was, and went to him, refuſing the company of all his
rich friends and their flatzeries, and fell in a kind of familiar friendſhip with Socrates. Whom when he
had heard ſpeak, he noted his words very well, that they were no periwaſions of a man ſeeking his diſ-
honeſty, but one that gave him counſel, and went about to reform his faults and imperfeions,
and to pluck down the pride and preſumption that was in him ; then, as the common Proverb ſaith,
Likg ta the craveu Ceck,, he drooped down bes wings,
Which cowerdly doth run away, or from the pit out-flongs.
And did think with himſelf,that all Socrates love and following of young men, was indeed a thing ſent
from the gods, and ordained above for them, whom they would have preſerved, and put into the path-
way of honor. Therefore he began to deſpiſe himſelf, and greatly to reverence Soorates,taking pleaſure
in his good uſing of him,and much embraced his vertue: ſo as he had (be wift not how) an image of love
graven in his heart, or rather (as Plate {aub) a rautual love, ro wit, an holy and honeſt affection to-
wards Socrates. Inſomuch as all the world wondred at 41cibiades, to ſee him commonly at Socrates
board,to play,to wreſtle,and to lodge inthe wars with Socxazes : and contrarily to chide his other wel-
willers, who could not ſo much as have a goad look at his hands , and beſides became dangerous to
ſome, as it is ſaid he was unto e-Lnytus, the Son of Antbewion, being one of thoſe that loved him well.
Anytus, making good chear to certain ſtrangers his friends that were come to ſee him, went and pray-
ed Alcibzades to come and make merry with them : bur he refuſedro go. For he went to make merry
with certain of his companions at his own houſe, and after he had well taken his eups, he went to Ary-
ras houſe to counterfeit the faal amongft them , and Raying at the halldoor, and ſeeing Arytx: table
and cupboard full of plate of filver and gold, he commanded his fervants to rake away half of it, and
carry
_——— — — —
it home to his houſe. But when he had thus taken his pleaſure, he would came no nearer into the
c | |
hook, but went his way home. Anycus friends and gueſts milliking this ftrange part of Alcibiades Gai
it was ſhamefully and bokdly done to abule 42y2us. Nay,gently done of him, ſaid Ayrus : for he bath
left us ſome, where he might have taken all. All ocher alſo chat made much of bim, he ſerved after that
fort, ſaving a ſtranger thas came co dwell in ArHzxs , who being but a poor man as the voice
wes, ſold all that he had, whereof he made abour an hundred Stateres, which he brought unto Alcibia-
des, and prayed him to rake it at his hands. Ale ibrades began to be merry, and being very glad toun-
derſtand his good will cowards him, rook his honeft offer, and prayed him to come to ſupper to him :
ſo he welcomed him very heanily, ang made him good chear. When ſupper was done, he gave him his n——_
Money again, and commanded him not to fail the next morning to meet him where the Farms and {7s ©
Lands of the Ciry are wons to be let our to thoſe that bid moſt, and charged him he ſhould outbid all.
The poor man would fain have excuſed himſelf, ſaying, the Farms were too great for him to hire ;
But Alci biades threatned to whip him, if he would nor do it : For belides the defire he had to pleaſure
him, he bare a private grudge againſt the ordinary Farmers of the City. The next morning the ftran-
ger was in the market-place, where they did cry out the letting of their Farms, and he raiſed
one 10 2 =—_ more than all other did _ =o other — wh him as could be,
thar they all did ſer upon him, crymg ou: im put in ſ{ecyricy ftraight, ſuppoſing he could have
found <a The ftranger was marvellous blank chereat, and _ to ſhrink back. Then cryed
Alcibiades out aloud to the Officers that fate there to take the beſt offers : I will be his ſurery, ſaith
he, put mein the Book, for he is a friend of mine. The Farmers bearing him ſay ſo, weee at their
wits end, and wift not what co do. For they being always accuſtomed to pay their yearly Rene as
ir went before, by the help of the reft of the years that tollowed after : perceiving now that they
ſhould not be able to pay the aprearages of the Rent due to the Commonweal, and ſeeing no other
remedy, they prayed him to rake a piece of Money, and to leave the bargain. Then Alcibiades would
in.no wiſe he ſhould take leſs than a Talenc, which they gave him willingly. So Alcibiades ſuffered the
ſtranger then 10 depart, and made him gain by his device. Now Socrates love which be bare him,
though it had many mighty and grea: adverlagics, yet it did tay much Alcibiades, ſometime by genile
nature, ſometime by his grave courdell and advice : fo as the reaſon thereof took ſo deep root in him,
and did fo pierce his heart, that times the ears ran down his cheeks, Anothey time alſo being
carried away with ts ea chat held up his humour with all pleaſure and delights
he ſtole away fram Socrates, and made him run after him to fetch him again, as if he had been a flave Alcibiades ran
that had run away from his Maſters houſe : for Alcjbides ftood in awe of no man bur Socrates onely, 29 Sorares.
and indeed he did reverence him, and did deſpiſe all other. And therefore Cleanthes was wont to ſay,
that ef lcibiades was held of Socrates by the ears : but that he gave his other Jovers hold, which S9-
crates never ſought for : for to fay truly, Alcibiades was much given over t0 luſt and pleaſure. And 1..4:.1.. .:-
peradventure it was that Thucydides meant of him, when he wrote that he was incontinent of body, yen tc pleaſure
and difſalute of life. Thoſe rhat marred ef lcabrader quite, did till prick forward his ambition and
defire of honqur, and did put him in che head 10 thruſt himſelf into great matters betimes, making
him believe that if he did but once begin t9ſhew kimlelf co deal in matters of Rate, he would nor
onely blemifh and deface all other Governours, but far excell Pericles, in authority and power a-
mong the Grecrans. For like as Lroa by fire is made ſoft, to be wrought in any form, and by
cold alſo is ſhut and hardened again : even'io Aicobiades being putted up with yanity and opinion of
himſelf, as oft as Socrates took hum in hand, was made faft and firm again by bis good perſwaſions, in
ſo much that when he ſaw bis own fault and folly, and how far wide he had ſtrayed from vertue,
he became ſuddenly very humble and lowly again. Now on a time when he was grown to mans
ſtate, he went into a Grammar Schaol, and asked the School-maſter tor one of Homers hooks.
The School-maſter anſwered him, He had none of rhem : «L{cibiades up with his fiſt and gave bim a 4;,;5;. 7.
good box on the car, and went his way. Another Grammariantold him on a time he had Homer ftruck a
which he had correted. Alcibiades ny (oy Why what meancft thou, to ftand reaching little Children Schoolmaſter,
their A, B,C, when thouart able to corre&t Homer, and toteach young men not boys ? Another time ><<2uſe he had
he came and knocked at Pericles gate, defirous todpeak with him : anſwer was made him, He was not — ”
at leiſurenow, for that he was buſily occupied by himſelf, thinking on his reckonings be had to make :
with the ATHENIANS, Why, aid he, going his way, it were better he were occupied, thinking how
to make no account at all, Moreover, being but a young boy, be was at the journey of PoTiDE&a,
where he lay ſtill with” Socrates, who would never let him be from him in all battles and skirmiſhes he Atcibizdes firſt
was in: among which there was one veryhot and bloody, where they both fought valiantly, and 4lcr- Souldier fare
biades was hurt, But Socrates ſtepped before. him, and.did defend him ſo valiantly before them all, thac y- —
he ſaved him and his weapon out of the enemies:hand. So.the honour of this fight our of doubt, in = by poeiicect
equity and reaſon,was dye Socrates : but yet the Captains would fainhave judged it on Alcibiades
ſide, becauſe he was of a houſe. But Socrates, becauſe he would encreaſe.his deſire of honour,
and would prick him forward to honeſt and commendable things, was the very firſt that witneſſed
Alcibiades had deſeryed ic : and therefore prayed the Captains to. judge him the Crown and compleat
armour. Afterwards, in the þattle of DzL10N, the ATHENIANS having received the overthrow, Alcibizdes {+
Socrates retired with a few other on foot. —_— horſeback we him, would ved Socrates
not go from him, bur kept him company, gud defended him again a troop ies that fol- _—
lowed him, and Yew many of his company. But that was a pretty while after, and before be gave a (4. pare). or
box on the car unto Hipponicus, Callia; Father ; who was one of the greateſt men.of power in the Deir.
City,
4LCIBIADES.
Alcibiades
married.
Hippareteſueth
to be divorced
from Alcibia-
des.
Alcibiades
great Dog.
Alcibiades lar-
gels.
Alcibiades
coming into
the Common-
wealth.
Alcibiades
marvellous
eloquent,
Alcibiades wit
and imperfe-
Qion,
Rory at the
games Olym-
pical.
- ei ee. CES
City, being a Noble man born, and of great poſſeſſions ; which was done upon a bravery and certain '
luſtineſs, as having laid a wager with his companions he would do it, and for no malice or quarrell
thathe bare the man. This light part was ſtraight over all the City, and every one that heard it, (aid,
it was lewdly done, But Alcsbiades the next moxning went to his houſe, and knocking at his gate was
letin : ſo he ſtripping himſelf before him, delivered him his body to be whipped, and puniſhed at his
pleaſure. Hipponicws pardoned him, and was friends with him, and gave him his Daughter H:pparere
afterwards in marriage. Howbeit ſome ſay, it was not Hipponicus that gave herto him, but {las
Son, with ten Talents of Gold with her. Afterwards at the birth of the firft Child he had by her,
he asked ten Talents more, ſaying, they were promiſed him upon contraR, if his Wife had Children.
But (allias fearing left this was an occaſion ſought of him to lie in wait to kill him for his Goods :
declared openly to the people, that he made him his Heir generall, if he died without Heirs ſpeciall of
his body. This Gentlewoman #ipparere being an honeſt true Wife to Alcibiades, milſliking her Huſ.-
band did ſo much miſuſe her, as to entertain common light trumpets, as well Citizens as ſtrangers : the
went abroad one day to her Brothers houſe, and told him of it. Alcibiades paſſed not for it, and made
no further reckoning of the matter : but onely bad his Wife if ſhe would, preſent her cauſe of divorce
before the Judge, So ſhe went thither her ſelf, ro ſue rhe divorce between them , according to the
Law, but Alcibiades being there alſo, took her by the hand, and carried her through the market-place
home to his houſe, and no man durſt meddle berween them, to rake her from him : And ſo ſhe conci-
nued with him all the days of her life, which was not long after , for ſhe died, when Alcibiades was in
his jouthey he made roEyHEesus. This force Alcibiades uſed, was not thought altogether unlaw-
full, nor uncivil, becauſe it ſeemerh that the Law was grounded upon this cauſe : that the Wife which
would be divorced from her Husband, ſhould go her {elf openly before the Judge to put up her com-
plaint, to the end, that by this means, the Husband might come to ſpeak with his Wife, and ſeek to
ſay her if he could. Alcibiades had a marvellous fair great Dog, that coft him threeſcore and ten
Minas, and he cur off his tail that was his chief beaury : when his friends reproved him, and told
him how every man blamed him for it ; he fell a laughing, and told them he had that he ſought. For,
faith he, I would have the ATHENIANS rather prate upon that, than they ſhould ſay worſe of me.
Moreover, it is ſaid, the firſt time that Alcibiades ſpake openly in the Commonweal, and began to
deal in matters, was upon a gift of Money he gave unto the people, and not of any pretence or for-
mer purpoſe he had ro do ir. One day as he came through the marker-place, hearing the people very
loud, he asked what the matter was ; they told him it was about Money certain men had given to
the people ; Then Alcibiades went to them, and gave them Money out of his own purſe. The people
were ſo gladat that, as they fell to ſhouting and clapping of their hands, in token of thankfulneſs : and
himſelf was ſo glad for company, that he forgat a Quail he had under his gown, which was ſo
afraid of the noiſe, that ſhe took her flight away. Thepeople ſeeing the Quail, made a greater noiſc
than before, and many roſe out of their places to runafter her , ſo that in the end, it was taken up by
a Maſter of a Ship called entiocbus, who brought him the Quail again, and for that cauſe Alcibiades
did love him ever after. Now albeit the Nobility of his houſe, his goods, his worthineſs, and the great
number of his kinſmen and friends, made his way open totake upon him Government in the Com-
monweal , yet the onely way be defired to win the tavour of the common people by, was the grace
of his eloquence. - To prove he was eloquent, all the Comical Poets do teſtifie it : and beſides them,
Demoſthenes, the Prince of Orators alſodoth ſay, in an Oration he made againſt Medias, that Alci-
biades above all other qualities he had, was moſt eloquent, And if we may believe Theophraſ#s, the
greateſt ſearcher of Anciquities, and beſt Hiſtoriographer above any other Philoſopher , he hath writ-
ten, that elcibiades had as good a wit to deviſe and conſider what he would ſay, as any man that was
in his time. Howbeit ſometimes ſtudying what he ſhould ſay, as alſo to deliver good words, not ha-
ving them very ready art his tongues end, he many times took breath by the way, and pavſed in the
midft of wie oy not ſpeaking a word, untill he had called it to mind that he would ſay. His charge
was great, and much ſpoken of alſo, for keeping of running Horſes at Games : not onely becauſe they
were the beſt and ſwifteſt, but for the number of Coaches he had beſides. For never private perſon, no
nor any Prince, did ever ſend ſeven ſo well appointed. Coaches, in all furniture unto the games Olympi-
Alcibiades vi- cal, as he did : nor that at one courſe hath'born away the firſt, the ſecond,and the fourth prize, as Thu-
cydides ſaith : or as Emripides reporteth, the third. For in that game, he excelled all men in Honour
and Name, thatever ſtrived for victory therein. For Exripides pronounced his praiſe, in a Song be
made of him, as followeth :
O Son of Clinias, I will reſound thy praiſe :
For thou art bold in martial deeds, and overcom' ft always.
Thy vittories therewith, do far exceed the reſt,
That ever were in Greece ygot, therefore I count them beſe.
For at th' Olympick, games, thou haſt with Chariots won
The firſt prize, ſecond, third and all, which there inrace were run.
With praiſe and little pain, thy head bath twice been crown'd,
with Olvve boughs for vittory, and twice by Trumpets ſound
i; have proclaim'd thee vittor by thy N ame :
k ch ran with thee, in hope to get the game. |
Howbeit the good affection divers Cities did bear him, _— which ſhould gratifie him belt,
did -much encreafe his fame and honour. For the Eexes14 ns did ſet up a Tent for him very ny
ruoully
mm
ALCIBIADES. 169
tuoully and richly furniſhed. Thoſe of the Ciry of C10, furniſhed him with provender for his Horſe,
and gave him Murtons beſides, and other beaſts to ſacrifice withall, They of Les 205 alſo ſent him
in Wine and other proviſion of victuals, to help him to defray the great charges he wasat in keeping
open houſe, and feeding ſuch 2 number of mouths daily, Yer the ſpite they did bear him, or rather his
breach of promiſe which he often made, with this magnificence and ftate he ſhewed, gave the people
more cauſe to ſpeak of him than before. For they ſay there was one Diomedes at ATHENS, a friend of ___.
Alcibiader, and no ill man, who defired once in his life to win a game at the plays Olympical. This — G
man being informed that the ARGIVES had a Coach excellently furniſhed, belonging to- the Com- mi a—_ pro-
monweal, and knowing that elc:biades could do very much in the City of AxGos, *7xauſe hehad
many friends in the ſame : he came to intreat AMlerbiades ro buy this Coach for him. Alcibiades there-
upon bought it, bur kept ir to himſelf, not regarding Diomedes requeſt he had made. Diomedes ſeeing
that, fell ftark mad for anger, and called rhe gods and men to witneſs, that «A lcibiades did him open
wrong ; and it ſeemeth there fell out ſure in Lawupon the ſame, For Jſocrares wrote an Oration, and
drew a Plea in defence of eLlcibiades, being yer but a Child, touching a couple of Horſes : yer in this
Plea, his adverſary was called Tiſ1as, and not Diomedes. Furthermore, eMlcibiades being yet but a , __
young man, when he came to practiſe and plead publickly, he put all other Orators to filence, bur A 2d-
onely two that were ever againſt him , the one was Phekx the Son of Eraſiſtratus, and the other Ni- Common. _—
cias the Son of Þ\ icerarus, Ofrheſe two, Nicias was a man grown, and had won the Name and wealth when
reputation of a good Captain. And Pheax began alſo ro come forward as he did, being of 2 good and he came to
honourable Houſe : bur he lacked many things, and among other, eloquence eſpecially. For, he could P!<24-
more properly talk and diſcourſe among his friends privately, then he had any good grace to open a
matter openly before the people. For he had, as Expolis faith ; "y
Words enough, but no eloquence,
There is a certain Oration extant in writing _=_ Alcibiades and Pheax : where amons other ac-
cuſations is brought in, how Alcibiades Was Or inarily ſerved in his houſe, with gold and Avex plate
that belonged to the Commonweal, and which were uled to be born for ftate and magnificence, in ſo-
lemn proceſſions before them, and how he uſed them as boldly, as if they had been his own. Now there
was one Hyperbolus in ATHENS at chat time, born in the village of Pxx1TH01DE +: of whom Thucy-
dides maketh mention, as of anaughty wicked man, ſerving as a fit ſubje& and matter to all the taunts
and mocks of the comical Poets of that time :. but he was ſo impudent a perſon, and cared ſo.little what
men ſaid of him, that he paſſed not though he were defamed, neither-did any thing grieve him, whatſo-
ever they reported of him : which ſome do call boldneſs and courage, being no better indeed than plain
impudency, extream madneſs, and deſperate folly. He would never pleaſeany man : and if the com-
mon people had any grudge to any Noble man or Magiſtrate, whom they would any way accuſe, Hy-
perbolus wicked tongue was their inſtrument to utter their ſpite. Now the people (by Hyperbolus pro-
curement) _ aſſembled, were ready to proceed to the baniſhment, of Oſtraciſmon by moſt voices, +4...
The manner and cuſtom ofthis kind of baniſhment, was for a time to baniſh our of their City, ſuch a the puniſhment
one as ſeemed to have too > authority and credir inthe City , and that was, rather to ſarisfie their by the 0ſtra-
envy, then for to remedy their fear. And becauſe it was manifeſt it would fall out to one of them <i/mon.
three to be baniſhed (to wit, eAlcibiades, N iciar, or Pheax,) eAlcibiades found means to join all
their three factions in one, becoming friends oneto another : and having conferred with Niczas about
it, he made Hyperbolus ſelf to be baniſhed, who was the chief inſtrument to prepare the way of their ,,,..,,__..
baniſhment, Howbeit other ſay, he ſpake not with Nzcias about ir, but with Pheax, and joyning his No re
part with Pheax, he cauſed Hyperbolus to be baniſhed, who feared nothing leſs : for it was neyer ſeen years.
before, that a man of mean countenance, and of ſmall authority, fell into the hap of this baniſhment :
as Plato the Comical Poet teſtifieth, ſpeaking of Hyperbolus ;
Although for this deſert, this pain to him is due,
Or greater puniſhment prepar 'd, the which might make bim rue :
Yet f a he was by birth, a =_ mean and baſe,
Such puniſhment therefore did ſeem (for him ) too great of grace.
Since Oftraciſmon was not made at firſt to be,
Nor yet devu'd as puniſhment for ſuch mean folk as be,
But of this matter, we have ſpoken more at large before: and now to return again to Alcibiades. Nictas
d great reputation among ſtrangers, and his enemies grieved at it no leſs, than at the honour the Ciri-
Zens ſelves did unto him. For his houſe was the common Inn for all Lac :Dd&x0 N14 xs when they
came to ATHENS, and they ever lay with him : moreover he had very well entertained the La c £D#-
MON Priſoners that were taken at the Fort of Py.z. And afterwards when peace was concluded be-
tween Lactpamon and ATHENS, and their Priſoners delivered home again by Ni:cias means one-
ly and procurement, they loved him more than ever they did before, This was blown abroad through
GREECE,that Pericles had kindled the wars amongſt them, and Nicias had quenched it: ſo ſome called
this peace Nicinm,as one would ſay, Nicias work, But Alcibiader tomacking this, and envying Nicias Nicis Peace.
glory, determined to break the peace whatſoever came of ir. Wherefore to compals this matter, Khow- Alcibiades
ing hrſt of all that the AxG1ves had no liking to the Laczpamonians, but were their mortal —— -
enemies, and that they did but ſeek matter to fall out with them : he ſecretly pur them in hope of peace
and League with the ATHEN1Aa Ns. Moreover he did perſwade them to it, both by Letters and word
of mouth, ſpeaking with the Magiſtrates,and ſuch as had greateſt authority and credit among ” _—_
eclaring
170 SLAC SDBEIZADES.
th.
declaring unto them, that they ſhould not fear the Laczpamon1ans, nor yield to them ar all,
but to ſtick to the ATHENIANs, who would ſoon repent them of the peace had made, and
break it with them, Afterwards when the LacED&MoONIANSs had made gw with the Bo x0-
TIANS, and had delivered the City of PAnac Tum to the ATHENIANS, all defaced and ſpoiled,
contrary to the league : Alcibiades perceiving how the people were much offended thereat, made them
moreearneſt againſt them, and therewithall brought Ncias in diſgrace with the people, and charged
him with many matters of great likelihood. As at that time when he was General : that he would ne-
ver take any of the La c EDAMONIANS, when they were ſhut up within the Iſle of Spa cr Er14, and
murh leſs diffs them when he might : and moreover when other had taken them priſoners by force,
that he had found the means to deliver them, and fend them home again , to gratifie the Laczv+-
MONIANS, Furthermore, that being their friend, he did not his duty to diſſwade the people from
making of league offenſive and defenſive with the BozoTIANs and the CorR1NTHIANS : and again
alſo, if there wereany people of GREECE that had adefire to become friends and allies with the A-
THENIANS, that he did the beſt he could to let them, if the Laczp.moNians had no liking
of the matter. Now as Nic as was thus in diſgrace with the people, for the cauſes aboveſaid : in the
midſt of this tir, Ambaſſadors came by-chance from LaczpzmONnto ATRENS, who at their com-
ing gave very good words, ſaying they had full power and commiſſion to compound all controver-
fies, under reaſonable and equal conditions. The Senate heard them, and received them courceoully,
and the peoplethe next day ſhould aſſemble in counſel to give chem audience : which Alcibrades fearing
be much, he went to labour the Ambaſſadors, and ſpake with them apart in this ſort. What mean you,
Alcibiades be- m9 Lords of SPARTA : do yenot know that the Senate hath always accuſtomed to be gracious and
+ noms = favourable unto thoſe that ſue unto them for any matter, and the people contrarily are of a
" proud nature, and deſirous to embraceall great matters ? If therefore at the firſt ſight, yedo give them
to underſtand that you are come hither with full power, to treat freely with them in all manner of
cauſes : do you 'not think that they will make you ſtretch your authority, to grant them all that they
will demand > Therefore, my Lords Ambaſſadors, if youlook for indifterency at the ATHtnians
hands, and that they ſhall not preſs you too far againſt your wills, to grant them any thing of ad-
vantage : I would wiſh you a little to cover your tull Commiſiion, and in open manner to propound
certain Articles, and reaſonable capitulations of Peace, not acquainting. them otherwiſe with your
full power to agree in all things : and for my part, I will aſſure you of my good will in favour of the
LACED&EMONIANS, When he had told them this tale, he gave them his taichful promiſe, and vow-
ed as it wereto perform his word, Hereupon Alcibiades turned the. Ambaſſadors from the truſt they
repoſed in N:c:as, and wan them on his fide : in ſo much as they gave credit ro no man but to him,
wondring much at his great wiſdom and ready wit, and they thought him a rare and notable man. The
next morning the people were aſſembled to give the Ambaſſadors audience. They were ſent for, and
brought into the Market-place. There Alc:biades gently asked them, what was the cauſe of their com-
ing. They anſwered; that they were come to treat of Peace, but they had no power to determine
any thing. Then began elc:brades to be angry with them, as if they had done him wrong, and not he
any to them : calling them unfaithfull,unconſtant, and fickle men, that were come neither to do, nor ſay
any thing worth the hearing. The Senate alſo were offended with them, and the people rated them very
roughly : whereat Nicas was ſo aſhamed and amazed withall, that he could not tell what to ſay, to
ſeeſo ſudden a change, knowing nothing- of Alcibiades malice and ſubtil practiſe with the Ambaſſ-
+ dors, So the Ambaſſadors of Lactpamon were diſpatched without any thing done, and 4lcibia-
——— des choſen General : who preſently brought the AxG1ves, the EL1aNns, and the MANTINE-
© ANS in leaguewiththeAr#sn1aNns. Though no man did commend this praiſe of his, in work-
; ing it after this ſort : yet it was a marvellous thing of him to deviſe to put all Pe .oyoNNEsus in
arms, and to procure ſuch a number of Souldiers againſt the Laczpzmo N1ans, as he did be-
fore the Ciry of MANTINEA, and to ſhift off the miſeries of War and hazard of Battle, fo far
from ATHENS, Whichif the Laczdamonians did win, could not profit them much, and it
they loſt it, they could hardly fave their City of SpaxTa. After this battle of ManTiNEA, the
thouſand men whom the City by an ancient Order did keep continually in pay, as well in peace as
in war, within the City of AxGos, thinking now' opportunity ſerved them very trimly : attempt-
ed to take the ſoveraign authority from the common people, and to make themſelves Lords of
the City.. And to bring this to paſs, the Laczpamonians coming in the mean time, did aid
them in their purpoſe, and ſo did put down the government of the people : notwithſtanding im-
mediately after the people took arms again, and became the ſtronger. Alc;biades coming thither
even at that time, did warrant them the victory, and to ſet up again the authority of the people.
Then he per{ſwaded them to make their walls longer to join the City to the Sea, ro the-end they
The Walls might more eaſily be aided by Sea, by the At#4z nians. He. brought, them alſo from ATHENS,
brought to the _ Carpenters, Maſons, Stone-hewers, and other Workmen : and to conclude he ſhewed them by
aq all-rhe means: and ways he could, that he did bear good will unto them, and thereby wan him-
ſelf no leſs favour particularly among them, than generally he did good unto his Countrey. He
did Perſwade alſo his Citizens of PATRAs to join their rown to the Sea, by making long walls,
which they built out even to the cliffs of the Sea. And when one ſaid unto them, Alas, poor people
of PaTRAS! what do you mean? the ATHENIANS will eat you out : Alcibiades anſwered him, It
= well be, bur it ſhall beby little and lirtle, beginriing firſt at the feet, but the LaczpamoN1aNns
will devour youall at once, and begin at the head. Now although 4lcibiades did make the Ciry of
ATHENS
ALCIBIADES.
I71
TT Ir _—— — _ ——
ATHENS ſtrong by ſea, yet he did not leave to perſwade the ArHsnians alſo to make them:
ſelves ſtrong by land. Far he did put che young men oftentimes in mind of the Oath they were made
to ſwear in AGRAUL0S, and did adviſe them to accompliſh it indeed. Which was that they ſhould
rake all Corn-fields, Vines, and Qliye-Trees, to be borders and confines of AT T1ca, whereby they
were taught to reckon all Land theirs thax was manured and did bring forth fruit, Yet with all theſe
goodly deeds and fair words of Aicibrades, and with this great courage and quickneſs of underftand-
ing, be had many great faults.gnd impertectians, For be was too dainty in his fare, wantonly given
ro light women, riotous in banguets, vain and womanilh in appard , He ware ever a long purple gown
that {wept the Market-place as hewalked up and down, it had ſuch a train, and was too rich and coſt-
ly for him to weaxg, And following theſe vain pleaſures and delights, when he was in his galley, he
cauſed the plancks of the poop thereof to be cur and broken up, that he might lie the ſofter ; tor his bed
was not laid upon the overlop, bur laid upon girthes ſtrained over the hole, cut our and faſtened to the
fides, and he carried to the wars with hin a guilded Scuchion wherein he had no cognizance nor ordi-
device of the ATHEN1ANs, but onely had the Image of Cypid in it, holding lighting in his
hand. The Noble men and beſt Citizens oft ATHENS perceiving this, they hated his faſhions and con-
ditions, and were much offended at hin), and were atraid withall of tus raſhneſs and inſolency , he did
ſo contemn the Laws and cuſtoms of their Countrey, being manifeſt tokens of a man that alpired to be
King, and would ſubvert and turn all overhand.. And as for the good will of the common people to-
wards him, the Poet Ar:tophene; doth plainly expreſs 'it in theſe words :
The people moſt deſire yohat moſt they hate to have,
- And what their mind abhors, even that they ſeem to crave.
And in another place be ſaid alſo, aggravating the ſuſpition they had of him :
DFW For State or Commonweal, much better ſhould it be,
To keep within the Countrey, none ſuch Lions looks as he ;;
But if they needs will kgep a Lion to their coſt,
Then muſt they needs obey his will, for be will rule the roaſÞ.
For to ſay truly, his courtelics, bis liberalities, and noble expences to ſhew the people ſo great plea-
ſure and paſtime. as nothing could' be more : the glorious memory of his anceſtors, the grace of his
Eloquence, the beauty of hus perſon, the ſtrength and yaliantneſs of his body joyned together with his
wiſdom and experience in marcial affairs ; were the very cauſes that made them to bear with bim in all
things, andthax the ATHENIANS did patiently endure all his light parts, and did cpver his faults with
the beſt words and terms they could, calling chem youthfull and genclemens ſports. As when he kept
eAgartbarcus the Painter priſoner in his houſe by force, untill he had painted all his walls within : and
when he had done, let him go, and rewarded bim very honeſtly for his pains, Again, when he gave
a box on the cax 10 Taxreas, who did pay the whole charges of a company of common Players, in
ſpight of him, to carry away the honour of the Games. Alſo when he took away a young woman of
MEL1A by his guthoriry that was taken among certain priſoners in the Wars, and kept ber for his
Concubine : By whom he had a Child, which he cauſed to be brought up : which they called a work
of charity, albeit afterwards they burthened him, that he was the onely cauſe of murdering of the poor
MEL1ANS, ſaving the liztle Children, becauſe be had favoured and perſwaded that unnatural and wic-
ked Decree, which another had propounded. Likewiſe where one Ari/tophor: a Painter bad painted a
Curtizan named NVewea, bolding Alc+b4ades in her arms, and fitting in ber lap, which all che people
ran.to ſee, and.tqok. great pleaſure to behold it : the grave and ancient men were angry at theſe toohſh
parts, accounting them impudent things, and done againſt all civil modeſty and temperancy. Where-
fore it ſeemed Archeſtratus words were ſpoken to good purpoſe, when he faid : that Gxzzc could
not abide two Alcibiades at once.' And on a day as he came from the Council and afſembly of the City,
where he had made an excellent Oracion, tothe great good liking and accepration of all the hearers, and
-by means thereof had obtained the, thing he deſired, and was accompanied with a great train that fol-
lowed him to his honour ; Timon ſurnamed fy (as who would ſay, Loup-garon, or the man-
hater) meeting Alc4biades thus accompanied, did nor paſs by him, nor give him way (as he was wont
to-do all other -zen) but went Rraight to him, and took him by the band, and ſaid : O, thou doſt
well my Son, 1 can thee thank, that thou goeſt on, and climbeſt up ſtill : for if ever thou be in aurho-
rity, wo be unto/thpſe that follow thee, 'for they are utterly undone. When they heard cheſe words,
thoſe that Rood by fel a laughing: other reviled 7;mon, other again marked well his words, and
thought of them many a time after. ; ſuch opinions they had of him for rhe unconſtancy of
his lite, and waywardneſsof his nature and conditions, Now for the taking of $1c11s, the AT #s-
NIANS did. maryellouſly covert it in Pericles life, but yer they did not meddle withall, untill af-
ter his death : and then they did ir.at the firſt under colour of friendſhip , as aiding thoſe Cities
which. were oppreſſed and ſpoiled by the SYRacus1ans. This was in manner a plain bridge
made , to paſs afterwards a greater power and Army thither. Howbeit the onely procurer of
the ATHENIANS, and perſwader. of them, to ſend (inall Companies thither no more, but to enter
with a great Army at; once to conquer all the Countrey together, was Alcibiades, who had fo al-
lured the people with his pleaſant rongue, that upon; bis perſwaſion, they builr Caſtlesin the air,
and pr, to do greater wonders by. winning onely. of $S1c111a. For where other did fer
eig upon the conqueſt of $1c115, being chat they onely boped atter : it was to Alcabiader,
but
Alcibiades riot
Alcibiades diſc:
honeſty and
wantouneſs,
Archeſtratua
ſaying.
Alcibiades the
author of the
wars in Sicilia
rr — awed.
172 "ALCIBIADES.
bura beginning of further enterprizes. And where A\;c5as commonly in all his perſwaſions, did
turn the ATHENIANS from their purpoſe to make wars againſt the SYRacus1ans, as being
roo great a matter for them to take the City of SYRAcusa : Alcibiades again had a further
reach in his head, to go conquer Ly B14, and CARTHAGE , and that being conquered, to pafs
from thence into ITALY, and ſo to PELOPONNESUs : ſo that S1c1L14 ſhould ſerve but to fur-
niſhthem with vi&tuals, and to pay the Souldiers for their conqueſts which he had imagined. Thus the
young men were incontinently carried away with a marvellous hope and opinion of this journey, and
gave good ear to old mens rales that told them wonders of the Countries : inſomuch as there was no
other paſtime nor exerciſe among the youth in their meetings, but companies of men to fit round to-
__ teates! gether, draw plats of S1CILE, and deſcribe the ſcituation of Ly B14 and CARTHAGE, And yer
of Socrates and they ſay, that neither Socrates the Philoſopher, nor eAferonthe Afftronomer did ever hope to ſee a
Meton. good Pcs of this journey. For the one by the revealing of his familiar ſpirit, who told him all
things to come, as was thought, had no great opinion of it : and AMetor, whether it was for fear of
the ſucceſs of the journey he had by reaſon, or that he knew by divination of his Art what would
follow, he counterfeited the mad man, and holding a burning Torch in his hand, made as though he
would have ſet his houſe on fire, - Other ſay, that he did not counterfeit, but like a mad man indeed
did ſet his houſe on fire one night, and that the next morning betimes he went into the market-
place to pray the people , that in conſideration. of his grear loſs and his grievous calamity
ſo late happened him, it would pleaſe thetni to diſcharge his Son from going this voyage. So by
this mad device, he obtained his requeſt of the people for his Son, whom he abuſed much. But N;.
cias againſt his will was choſen Captain, to rake charge of Men in theſe Wars: who miſliked this
journey, as well for his companion and affociate in the charge of theſe Wars, as for other misfor-
tunes he foreſaw therein, Howbeit the AT#tNnians thought the War would 'fall out well, if
they did not commir- it wholly to Alcibiades raſhneſs and hardineſs, but did join with him the wi.
dom of Nicias: and appointed Lamachs alſo for their third Captain, whom they ſent thither, though
he were waxen now ſomewhat old, as one that had ſhewed himſelf no leſs venterous and hardy in
ſome battles, then Alcibiades himſelf, Now when they came to reſolve of the number of Souldiers,
the furniture and order of theſe Wars ; Nicias ſought crookedly to thwart this jo , and to
+ break it off altogether : but Alcibiades withſtood him, and got the better hand of him. e was
an Orator called Demoſtratus, who moved the people alſo that the Captains whom they had choſen
- for theſe Wars, might have full power and to levy men at their diſcretion, and to make
ſuch preparation as they thought good: whereunto the people condeſcended, and did authorize them.
But when they were even ready to go their way, many ſigns of ill ſucceſs lighted jn the neck one
of another : and amongſt the reſt this was one; That they were commanded totake Ship on the day
of the celebration of the Feaſt of Adonia, on the which the cuſtom-is, that Women do ſet up in
divers places of the Ciry, in themidft of the ſtreets, Images like to dead coarſes which they carry to
burial , and- they repreſent the mourning and lamentations made at the funerals of the dead, with
blubbering and beating themſelves, in token of the ſorrow the goddeſs Yenus made, for the death
Images hewn - Of her friend Adonis, Moreover, the Hermes (which are the Images of Mercury, and were wont
and mangled to be ſet up inevery lane and ſtreet) were found in a night all hacked and hewed, and mangled, ſpe-
at Athens. cially intheir faces: which pur divers in great fear and trouble, yea even thoſe that made no ac-
- count of ſach roys, Whereupon it was alledged , that it might be the CoxtnTHIAans that did
it, or procured that leud a& to be done, favouring the SYRacus1ans , who were their near
Kinſmen, and had been the firſt founders of them ; ws. 6-0 this ill _ ir might be a cauſe
to break oft the enterprize, and to make the _ repent them, that they taken chis War n
hand. Nevertheleſs the people would not allow this excuſe, neither hearken to their words that
ſaid, they ſhould not reckon of any ſuch ſigns or tokens, and that they were but ſome light brained
youths, that being tipled, had played this ſhamefull part in their bravery, or for ſport. But for all
theſe reaſons, they took theſe ſigns very grievouſly, and were indeed not a little afraid, as think-
ing undoubtedly that no man durſt have been ſo bold ro have done ſuch an abominable fa, but
that there- was ſome conſpiracy in the matter. Hereupon they looked upon every ſuſpition and
conjeQure that might be ( how little or unlikely ſoever it were ) and that very ſeverely : and
both Senate and People, alſo met in Council upon it, very oft in few days. w whileſt they
were buſily ſearching out the matter, gw a common Counſeller, and Orator in the Com-
monwealth, brought before the Council certain ſlaves and. ftrangers that dwelt in ATHEzxs :
Alcibiades ac- Who depoſed; that Alcibiades, and other of his friends and companions, had hacked and mang-
cuſed for pro- led other Images after that ſort, and in a mockery had counterfeited alfo ina banket thar he made,
oor = the Ceremonies of the holy Myſteries, declari e matters particularly : How one Theodors!
holy Myteries. counterfeited the Herauld, that was wont to make the Proclamations : Polyr5on the Torch-bearet,
and eMlcibiades the Prieft, who ſheweth the holy ſigns and Myſteries : and thar his other com-
panions were the Aſſiſtants, as thoſe that make ſuit to'be received into their Religion and Order,
and into the: brotherhood of their holy Myfteries, whom for this cauſe they call Afy/tes. Thel
very words are written in ' the aceutiien Theſſalus ( Cimons Son ) made againſt eAlcibiades
charging himtbat he had wickedly mocked the two codlefſes Ceres and Proferpina, Whereat the
people being marvellouſly moved and offended ; and the Orator eAndrocles his morial ene),
aggravating and ftirring them up the more againſt him : Alcibiades a little ar the firſt began tobe
amazed at it. But afterwards, hearing that the Mariners which were prepared for the voyage 0
| $1C1L1
ALCIBIADES.
SIC1L1A , and the Souldiers alſo that were gathered, did bear him great good will , and ſpeciall
how the aid , that came from ARGOs , and MANTINEA ( being a thouſand Footmen well armed
and appointed ) did ſay openly , how it was for A1cibiades ſake they did take upon them fo long a
voyage beyond Sea , and that if they went about to do him any hurt or wrong, they would preſently
return home again from whence they came : he began to be of a good courage again, and deter- -
mined with this good favourable opportunity of time, to come before the Council, ro anſwer to all
ſuch Articles and Accuſations as ſhould be laid againſt him, Thereupon his Enemies werea little coo-
led , fearing leſt the People in this judgement would have ſhewed him more favour, becauſe the
ſtood in need of him. Wherefore to prevent this danger, they had fed other Orators , who ſer a The craft of
good face on the matter , asthey had been Alcibiages friends , and yet they wiſhed him no leſs evil
then the rankeſt Enemies he had. Theſe fine fellows roſe up in open Aſſembly , and ſaid : It was no
reaſon , that he that was now choſen one of the Generals of ſo mighty and puifſant an Army ( being
ready to hoiſe fail , and the aid alſo of their Allies and friends ) ſhould be driven to ſtay now , and
to loſe time and occaſion of well doing , whileſt they ſhould go about to chooſe Judges, and appoint
him his hours and time of anſwer, Therefore they faid , it was fit he ſhould rake his journey be-
times, and when Wars were done , that he ſhould preſent himſelf to require juſtice, and to purge
himſelf of ſuch matters as ſhould be objected againſt him, But Alcib:ages ſmelling- ſtraight their
fetch, and perceiving the practiſe of his ſtay , ſtept up, and declared how they did him great wrong,
ro make him depart with the charge of a Generall of ſo great an Army , his mind being troubled
with continuall fear of ſo grievous curſes, as he ſhould leave upon him : and that he deſerved death,
if he could not purge and juſtifie himſelf of all the unjuſt and ſurmized accuſations againſt him. And
if he had once cleared himſelf of all things , and had publiſhed his innocency , he ſhould then have
nothing in his head to trouble him, nor to think upon, but to go on luftily ro fight with his Ene-
mies , and to caſt behind him the danger of all his flanderous detrators, But all this could not per-
ſwade them. And ſo he was preſently commanded in the behalf of the People, to imbark and
ſhip away his men. Thus he was compelled to take the. Seas with his other companions, having in Alcibizdes *
their Navy about an hundred and forty Galleys, all having three Oars to a barque : and five thou- journey into
LO Footmen, very well armed and appointed, and throwers with flings, Archers, and **-
ſand one
other light armed men to the number of thirteen hundred , ſufficiently furniſhed of all warlike and
neceſſary munition, Now after they were arrived on the Coaſt of IT ALy , they landed in the City
of RHEGI0 : where, holding council in what ſort they ſhould dire& theſe Wars, it was reſolved
in the end that they ſhould ſtraight go unto $S1c1L1a. This opinion was followed, although 1V;-
cias did contrary it, when Lamachws gave his conſent thereunto, and at his firſt coming , he was the
occaſion of winning the City of CaTHA NA, But he never after did any exploit, for he was called
bome immediately by the ATHENIANS , to come and anſwer certain Accuſations laid to his
charge. For as we told you before , there was at the beginning certain light ſuſpitions and accuſa-
tions put up againſt him, by ſome Slaves and ſtrangers. Bur afterwards when he was gone , his Ene-
miesenforced them , and burthened him more cruelly, adding to his former faulr, that he had broken
the Images of Mercury : and had committed Sacriledge , in counterfeiting in jeſt and mockery the
holy Ceremonies of the Myſteries : and blew into the ears of the People , that both the one and the
other proceeded of one ſer conſpiracy, to change and alter the Government of the ſtate and the City,
Upon theſe informations , the People took it in ſo ill part , that they committed all to priſon, that
were in any ſort accuſed or ſuſpeRed thereof, and would never let them come to their anſwer : and
moreover did much repent them that they had not condemned Alc:biades , upon fo great complaints
and informations as were exhibited againſt him , while his oftence was in queſtion before them , and
the fury and hatred of the People was ſuch towards him, that if any of Alcibiades friends
and acquaintance came within their danger, they were the worſe handled for his ſake. Thacydides did
not name his Accuſers , but ſome other do name Dzoclides and Texcer : amongſt whom Ph
Image of Mercury -
My good friend Mercury , I pray thee takg good heed,
T bat thou fall not and break.thy neck : for ſo thou mights me breed
Both danger and diſtruſt, and though 1 gniltleſs be,
Some Duocles falſly might accuſe and trouble me.
Mercury anſwereth :
T akg thou no thought for me , my ſelf 1 ſhall well ſave :
And will foreſee full well therewith, that Teucer ( that falſe knave )
Shall not the money get, which he by Law hath won,
For hu promoters bribing part and accuſation.
And yet for all this , theſe rokens do ſhew no certainty of any thing, For one of them being asked
how he could know them by their faces in- the night, that had broken and defaced theſe Images ?
he anſwered , that he knew them well enough by the brightneſs of the Moon, And hereby ir
appeareth plainly that he was perjured , becauſe that the ſame night, on the which this tat
was committed, there was a conjunction of the Moon, This did a little trouble and ſtay men of
judgement : howbeit the common ſort of People this notwithſtanding, did not leave to be as ſharp
ſer, to receive all Accuſations and Informations that were brought in againſt him, as ever they
were before, Now there was among the Priſoners whoſe cauſe was hanging before them , the
(2 Orator
| ner 4a," ON Y YNicus Phyynicus the
the Comicall Poet is one, who diſcovereth it in his Verſes, by bringing in one that ſpeaketh ro the Comical Poer,
174
ALCIBIADES,
Orator Andocides ( whom Hellanicws the Hiſtoriographer diſcribeth ro deſcend of the race of U-
Andecides the Iyſſes ) whom they rook to be a man that hated the Government of the common People , and bent
Orator caſt
into priſon.
altogether to favour the ſmall number of the Nobility. But one of the chiefeſt occaſions why he was
ſuſpeRed to be one of them that had broken the Images , was : for that hard by his houſe there was a
fair great Image ſet up in old time by the Family or Tribe of the e/£gides , and that alone amongſt
all the reſt of ſo many famous Images , was left whole and unbroken : whereupon it is called at this
day, the Mercury of Andocides, and is ſo called generally of every body, albeit the Inſcription ſhew-
eth the contrary. Axdocides being in priſon , chanced to fall in acquaintance with one 7:mews, with
whom he was more familiar then with all the reft , who was alſo priſoner with him for the ſelf cauſe,
This Times was a man not ſo well known as he , bur beſides , a wiſe man, and very hardy. He per.
ſwaded him, and put into his head , that he ſhould accuſe himſelf, and certain other with him : for
taking the matter upon him , and confeſling it , he ſhould receive grace and pardon, according to the
courle and promiſe of the Law : where contrarily , if he ſhould ſtand upon the courteſie of the
- Judges ſentence, he might eaſily endanger himſelf : becauſe Judgements in'ſuch caſes are uncertain ro
all People, and moſt to bedoubted and feared toward the rich, And therefore he told him, it were
his beſt way, if he looked into the matter wiſely, by lying to ſave hislife, rather then to ſuffer death
with ſhame , and to be condemned upon this falle accuſation, Alſo he faid , if he would have regard
ro the Commonwealth, that it ſhould in like caſe be wiſely done of him , to put in danger a few of
thoſe ( which ſtood doubtfull whether in troth they were any of them or no ) ro ſave from the fury
of the People, and terror of death , many honeſt men , who indeed were innocent of this lewd
Fat. Timeus words and perſwaſions wrought ſuch effect with Andocides , that they made him
yeeld unto them , and brought him to accule himſelf, and certain other with him : by means
whereof Andocides accordins to the Law bad his pardon : bur all ſuch as he named and accuſed,
were every man put to death , ſaving ſuch as ſaved themſelves by running away. Furthermore, to
ſhadow his Accuſation with ſome appearance of troth , Andocides among thoſe that were accuſed,
did accuſe alſo certain of his own Servants, Now though the People had no more occaſion to
occupy their buſie heads about the breakers of theſe Images, yet was not their malice thus ap-
peaſed againſt Alcibsades , untill chey ſent the Galley called Sa/amimiana, commanding thoſe they
ſent by a ſpeciall Cemmiſlion to ſeek him our, in no caſe to attempt to take him by force, nor to
lay hold on him by violence : but to uſe him with all the good words and courteous manner that
they poilibly could , and to will him onely to appear in perſon before the People, to anſwer to cer-
tain Accuſations put up againſt him, ' If otherwiſe they ſhould have uſed force, they feared much
leſt the Army would have mutined on his behalf within the Countrey of their Enemies , and that
there would have grown ſome ſedition amongſt their Souldiers, This might Alc:biades have ea-
ily done , if he had been diſpoſed : for the Souldiers were very ſorry to ſee him depart :- perceiving
that the Wars ſhould be drawn out now in length , and be much prolonged under 2X ic+as, ſeeing
Alcibiades fent Alcibiades was taken from them , who was the onely {pur that pricked N:cias forward to do any
for to anſwer Service : and that Lamachxs alſo , though he were a valiant man of his hands, yet he lacked Ho-
ro his accula- nour and Authority in the Army, becauſe he was but a mean man born , and poor beſides. Now
tions,
Alcibiades for a farewell , diſappointed the ATHznians of winning the Ciry of Mts $1Na :
for they having intelligence by certain private perſons within the City , that it would yeeld up into
their hands, 'eMlcibiades knowing them very well by their names, bewrayed them unto thoſe that
were the SYRacustans friends : whereupon all this prattiſe was broken utterly. Afterwards
when he came to the City of Thurs , ſo ſoon as he had landed, he went and hid himſelf in-
continently in ſuch-ſort , that ſuch as ſought for him could not find him. Yer there was one that
knew him where he was , and ſaid : Why, how now Alc:biages , dareſt thou not truſt the juſtice of
thy Countrey ? Yes very well ( quoth he ) and it were in another matter : but my life ſtanding upon
it, I would not truſt mine own mother, fearing leſt negligently ſhe ſhould put in the black bean,
where ſhe ſhould caſt in the white : for by the firſt , condemnation of death was ſignified : and by
the other , pardon of life. But afterwards, hearing that the ATHEN1AaNs for malice had cor-
demned him to death : Well , quoth he, they ſhall know 1 am yet alive. Now the manner of his
Alcibiades ca- Accuſation and Indi&ment framed againſt him, was found written in this ſort : Theſſalus the Son
cuſation,
Alcibiadescon-
demned being
abſent.
of Cimon , of the Village of Laciapts , hath accuſed, and doth accuſe Alcibzades , the Son
of Clinias, of the Village of Sc aMBoN1DES , to have offended againſt the goddeſſes, Ceres and
Proſerpina, counterfeiting in mockery their holy Myſteries, and ſhewing them to bis familiar friends
in his houſe , himſelf apparelled and arrayed in along Veſtment or Cope, like unto the Veſtment
the Prieſt weareth when he ſheweth theſe holy Sacred Myſteries : and naming himſelf the Prieſt,
Polytion the Torch-bearer , and Theodorus of the Village of PayGta the Verger , and the other
lookers on Brethren, and fellow-ſ{corners with them , and all done in manifeſt contempt and deri-
ſion of holy Ceremonies and Myſteries of the Exmolpides , the religious Priefts and Miniſters
of the ſacred Temple of the City of ELzxus1n. So Alcibiades for his contempt and not appear-
ing , was condemned, and his Goods confiſcate, Beſides this condemnation , they decred alſo, that
all the religious Prieſts and women ſhould ban and accurſe him. Bur hereunto anſwered one of the
Nuns called Theano , the Daughter of Menon , of the Village of Acraura , ſaying that ſhe
was profeſſed religious , to pray and to bleſs, not to curſe and ban. After this moſt grievous ſen-
rence and condemnation paſſed againſt him, Alcibades departed out of the City of Tyuk1zs , and
went into the Countrey of PELOPONNESUus , where he continued a good ſeaſon in the City 0l
ARGOS.
_ALCIBIADES. 175.
: A ——— —— OB —— ——
ARGOS. But in the end fearing his Enemies , and having no- hope. to return again to his owl
Countrey with any ſafety : he” fent unto SPARTA ,, to have ſafe conduct and licent. of the Lac t-
DAMONIANS , that he might come and dwell in their Countrey , promiſing them. he would do to
them more good being now their triend, then ever he did them hurt, while he was their Enemy. The
LAacEDEAMONIANS granted his requeſt , and received him very willingly into their City : where- Alcibiades fly-
even at his firſt coming , he did cbree things. The firſt was : that the Laczpamo0n1axs by his eth to $4rid.
perſwaſion and procurement , did determine ſpeedily to ſend aid to the SYRacus1ans whom
they had long betore delayed : and fo they ſent Gylippus their Captain to overthrow the ATtuat-
NIANS Army, which they had ſent thither. The ſecond thing he did for them, was : that he made
them of GREECE to begin War upon the ATHENIANS. The third, and greateſt matter of
importance , was : that he did counſell them to tortifie the City of DzctLta , which was within
the Territories of ATT1ca elf : which conſumed , and brought the Power of the ATHz x14 x 5
lower then any other thing whatſoever he could have done. And if he were welcome , and well eſtee-
medin SrarTa, for the ſervice he did tothe Commonwealth : much more he wan the love and
good wills of private men, for that he lived after the Lacoxtax manner, So as they that ſaw
his skin ſcraped to the fleſh, and ſaw him waſh himſelf in cold water , and how he did eat browri
bread , and ſup of their black broth : would have doubted ( or to fay better, never have believed)
that ſuch a man had ever kept Cook in his houſe, nor that he ever had ſeen ſo much as a perfuming
pan, or had touched cloth of Tiſſue made in MtLETum. For among other qualities and pro-
perties he had ( whereof he was full ) this as they ſay was one — he moſt robbed mens hearts :
that he could frame altogether with their manners and faſhions of lite , transforming himſelf more
eaſily to all manner of thapes , then the Camelion. For it isreported, that the Camelion cannot 41civiades
take white colour : but Alcibiades could put upon him any manners, cuſtoms or faſhions , of what I —_—
Nation ſoever , and could follow, exerciſe, and counterfeit them when he would, as well the good ©,,.cticw
as the bad. For in SeaRTa , he was very paintull , and in continuall exerciſe : he lived ſparingly
with lictle, and led a ſtraight life, In 1014, to thecontrary, there he lived daincily and ſupertlu-
ouſly , and gave himſelf ro all mirth and pleaſure. In THRASHA, he drank ever, or was alwaies
on horſeback. 1f he came to Tiſaphernes, Lieutenant of the mighty King of Pzx5s1A , he far ex-
ceeded the magnificence of PERS1a in pomp and ſumpruouſneſs. And theſe things notwith-
ſtanding, never altered his natural condition from one faſhion to another, neither did his manners
(to ſay truly ) receive all ſorts of changes. Bur becauſe peradventure, if he had ſhewed his natu-
rall lifpolition, he might in divers places where he came , bave offended thoſe whoſe company he
kept, he did with ſuch a vizard and cloak diſguiſe himſelf, ro fir their manners whom he com-
panied with , by transforming himſelf into their naturall countenance, as he that had ſeen him when
he wasat SPARTA, to have looked upon the outward man , would have faid as the common Pro-
verb ſaith;
It is not the ſon of Achilles , but Achilles ſelf.
Even ſo, it is even he whom Lycargs brought up. Bur he that had inwardly ſeen his natural
doings, and good will indeed lie naked before him , would contrarily , haye ufed this common
ſaying :
This woniatt is a changeling. |
For he entertained Queen Times ; King Ag wite of SpaRTA, fo well in his abſence, he being Alcibiades got
abroad in the Wars , that he got her with child, and ſhe her elf denied ir not. For ſhe being 7/74 bing
Agis wite with
brought ro bed of a ſon, who was named Leorychzdes ; openly to the world called him by that name : 5;
but when ſhe was amongſt her familiars and very friends , ſhe called him ſoftly Alcibiades, the was
lo farin love with him. And Alcibiades, jeſting/out the matter , faid he had done it for no burr,
nor for any luſt of fleſh to ſatisfie his deſire : but onely to leave of his race, to reign ainongſt the
LACEDAMONIANS, This matter was 'brought by divers unto King Ags ears, who at the
| believed it : bur ſpecially when be began ro make a reckoning of the time how long it was fince
be lay with bis wife. For lying with his wite one night when there was a terrible Earthquake , he
ran oyt of his chamber for fear the houſe would fall on. his head : ſo that it was ten moneths
after ere he lay again with her. Whereupon, her Son Leorychides being born at the end of ten Leotychides Al-
moneths , he ſaid it was none of his : and this was the cauſe that Leorychides did not ſucceed after- cjbialcs batt-
wards in the Kingdom, becauſe he was nor of the bloud-royall. | Atter the utter overthrow of the ard, |
ATHENIANS in SICILIA, thoſe of the Iſles of CH10 and Ezs Bos, with the Cy z1ct n1-
ANS , did (end altogether their Ambaſſadours to SyrarTa , to letthe LactDamoNtaANSs under-
ſtand, they had good will to leave the ATHEx1ans, fo they would fend: them aid to defend
them, The Boz0T14a xs favoured thoſe of Les B05 : Pharnabazrs , the King of PeRS1AaNS
Lieutenant, favoured the Cy z1cEN1ANS, This notwithſtanding the Lac :D&MONIAN Ss were
better affected to help thoſe of C110 firſt, by the perſwaſion of ;4lcibiades , who rook their mat-
ter in hand ; and he took Sea himſelf and went into As14, where he almoſt turned the Countrey
of I0Nn14 againſt the ATHENIANS : and keeping alwaies with the. Generals of the Lactpe-
MONIANS, he did much hurt the AtHEnians. Yet notwithſtanding , King Ag did bear
him ill will , partly for the injury he did him in diſhonouring and defiling his wie , and patrly
alſo, for that he envied his glory : becauſe the rumour ran all about , that the moſt parr of the goodly
exploits of thoſe Wars did happen well by Alcibiades means; Other alſo of the greateſt Au-
thoriry among the SPARTANS , that were moſt ambitious among them , began in their minds
Q.2 19
176
ALCIBIADES.
—
The Lacede-
Monians pra-
Riſe to kill
Alcibiades.
Alcibiades fly-
ing the Lace-
Aamonians, go-
eth ro Tiſa-
pbernes.
Alcibiades cal-
led a pleaſant
place, and
goodIy pro-
lpect.
The incon-
itancy of the
common peo-
ple.
to be angry with Alcib5ades , for the envy they bare him : who were of ſo great power , that they
rocured their Governours to write Letters to their Captains in the Field to kill him. Alcibiades
hearing of this, did no whit defiſt to do all that he could for the benefir of the Lactpanon.
ANS : yethe bad aneye behind him, flying all occaſions to fall into their hands. - So in the end,
for more ſurety of his perſon, he went unto T#ſaphernes one of the King of Ptrs1A's Lieutenants,
with whom he wan incontinently ſuch credit , that he was the firſt and chiefeſt perſon he had abour
him. For this barbarous man beingno ſimple perſon , but rather malicious , and ſubtil of nature,
and that loved fine and crafty men : 'did wonder how he eould ſo eafily turn from one manner of
living to another , and alſo at bis quick wit and underſtanding. Moreover , his company and m:nner
to pals the time away , was commonly marvellous full of mirth and pleaſure, and he had ſuch plea-
ſant comely deviceswith him , thatno man was of ſo ſullen a nature, but he would make him merry,
nor ſo churliſh ,-but he would make him gentle. So that both thoſe that feared him, and alſo they
that envied him , were yet glad ro ſee hum , and it did them good to bein his company, and uſe talk
with him, Inſomuch as this Tſaphernes ( that orhetwiſe was a churliſh man, and naturally hated
the GREc1AaNns ) did give himſelf ſo much unto Alcibiades flatteries, and they. pleaſed him ſo
well , that he himſelf did Rudy to flatter Alc:b5ades again , and made much of him. - For he called
Alcibiades his fair houſe of pleaſure , and goodly proſpect : notwithſtanding he had many goodly
Gardens, ſweet Springs, green Arbours, and pleaſant Meadows , and thoſe in all royall and
magnificent manner, Alc:brades deſpairing utterly tro find any ſafety or friendſhip among the
SPARTANS , and fearing on the other ſide King Ag alſo : he began to ſpeak ill of them, and
to diſgrace all that they did , to 7sſaphernes. By this praftiſe he ftayed T3ſaphernes from aiding
them {o friendly: as he might ;.and that he did.not utterly deſtroy the ATHz Nas : for he per-
ſwaded him that he ſhould furniſh the La czxDamON1ans but with little money, to let them di-
miniſh and conſume by little and little, tothe end that after one had troubled and weakened the other,
they both at the length ſhould be the eaſier for the King to overcome. This barbarous man did ea-
fily conſent to this device. All the world then ſaw he loved Alcibindes , and eſteemed of him very
much ; inſomuch as he was ſoughtto , and regarded of all hands of the Gxtcrans. Then were
the ATHENIANS ſorry , and repented them when they had received ſo great loſs and hurt, for
that they had decreed fo leverely againſt Alcibiades , whom in like manner was very ſorrowfull , to
ſee them brought to ſo hard terms, (fearing, if the Ciry of AT##ns came to deſtruction , that he
himſelf ſhould fall inthe end imto the hands of the -La cexpaMontans , who maliced him to the
death. Now about that time, all the power of the ArHenians was almoſt in the Iſle of $a-
x0's , from whence with their Army by Sea, they ſought ro ſuppreſs the Rebels that were up
againſt them, and to keep all that which yet remained. For they were yet pretily ſtrong to reſiſt
the Enemies , at the leaft by .Sea..z; bur they. ſtood in fear of the power of T5/aphernes , and of the
hundred and fifty Galleys which were reported to be coming out of their Countrey of PHoENIcta
to the aid of their Enemies , which if they had come, the City of AtHz ns had been utterly ſpoiled,
and for ever without hope of recovery. The which AJc5b5ades underſtanding, ſent ſecretly unto the
chiefeſt men that were in the Army'ot the ATHENIANS at SAMos, to give them hope he would
make T:ſaphernes their friend : howbeit not of any delfire he had to gratifie the People, nor that he
truſted ro the Commonalty of ATHEN s , but onely to the honourable and honeſt Citizens, and that
conditionally , ſo.a5 they had the heart and courage, to bridle alittle the over-licentiouſnels and in-
ſolency of the common People ,'and thatthey would take upon them the Authority to govern, and
to redreſs their State, and to preſerve the City of ArHexs from finall and utter deſtruction, Up-
on. this advertiſement , all the heads and chief men did give very good ear unto it : ſaving onely
Phrynicu , one of the Captains, and of the Town: of Digaptes : who miſtruſting ( that was
true indeed) that Alcibiades cared not-which end went forward , nor who had the chief government
of ATHENS, the Nobility or the Commonalty , and did but ſeek all the devices and ways he could,
to return again if it might be poſſible, in any manner of ſort, and thar he did but curry favour
with the Nobility, blaming and accuſing the People : he ſtood altogether againſt the motion, where-
upon A lcibiades device was not followed. And having now ſhewed himſelf open Enemy to Alcibia-
des , he did ſecretly advertiſe 4ftsochus , then Admirall ro the Laczpamon1ans , of Alcibiades
praCtiſe, and warned him to take heed of him, and to lay him up ſafe, as a double-dealer , and one that
had intelligence with both ſides : but he underſtood not how it was, one Traytor to ſpeak to another.
For this Aſtioches was a follower of T5ſapberzes for his private commodity : and perceiving Alcibia-
des in ſuch credit with him , he did diſcover to Alovbiades all that Phrynic ws bad advertiſed him. Al-
c:biages ſtraight ſentmen of purpoſe ro Sa0s., unto the Captains there, ro accuſe Phrynicu of the
treaſon he had revealed againſt them. [Thoſe of rhe Council there , receiving this intelligence , were
highly oftended with Phrynicus. So, he ſeeing-no better way to ſave himſelf for making of this fault,
went about to make amends with committing a worſe fault. Therenpon he ſent again.to Aftiochw,
complaining much he had diſcloſed him. :; and yet nevertheleſs he promiſed him , if he would keep
his counſel , that he would deliver the whole Fleet and Army of the AT#tN1AaNs into his hands.
How beit this treaſon of Phrynicas did the ATHENIANS no hurt at all; by reaſon of Aftiochus coun-
ter-treaſon : for:he did let lcibiades again underſtand what offer Phrynicus had made him. Phry-
HICKS monng to be-charged with this again the ſecond time before the Council , by means of Al-
cibiades , did firſt advertiſe the chief of the Army of the ATHEN1AaNs : that their Enemies would
come and ſet upon them, and where, and bow, and gave them warning to keep near their Ships,
0
ES ek. a... & Sa No Dl Rs
ALCIBIADES.
177
to make a ſtrong watch , and to fortife themlelves with all ſpeed, the which forrhwich they did. And
as they were about it, there came other Letters from Alcibiader, by rhe which hedid warn them again
to take heed of Phrynicus, becauſe he had practiſed again with their Enemies , to .deliver the whole
Army of Aruans to their hands, But they gave no credit co. his ſecond Leners ;/ for they though:
that he knowing the preparation and mines of the enemies , would ſerve bis own turn with'the falſe
accuſing of Phrynicus. Notwithſtanding this, there was ſome falſhood in fellowſhip : for one Hey -
10, openly in the Market-place tabbed Phrynicus in with a dagger, and killed him. The fa& being
pleaded in Law-, and throughly conſidered ot, the dead body by the ſentence ob the Peaple was con-
demned for a Traytor : and Hermoz the murderer and his fellows ,. were crowned in recompence of
their fa& they bad done to kill a Traytor to the Commonwealth. Wherefore thoſe that were _4/-
cibiades friends. being at that time the ſtronger and greater men in the Council in the Army of $«-
MOs$ : they ſent.one Piſarder 0 Arunxs , tO attempt to alter the Government, and to encourage
the Noblemen to take upon them the Authority, and to pluck it from the people : affuring them thar
Tiſaphernes would give chem aid to do ut, by means of Alcibiades, who would make him their friend.
This was the colour and cloke wherewith they ſerved their urns , that did the Government
of Arazsns, and that brought- it into the bands of a ſmall number of Nobility : for they were in
all but four hundred , and yet they called themſelves five thouſand. Bur ſo ſoon as they telt them-
ſelves ſtrong , and that they had the whole authoriry of Government, without contradiction in their
hands, they made then no more reckoning of Alcibiades , and ſo they made Wars more coldly and
ſlackly then before. Partly becauſe they miſtruſted their Citizens, who found the change of Govern-
ment very ſtrange : and partly alſo becauſe they were of © opinion that the Li exp mon axs
( who at all times did moſt favour the Government of Nobiliry ) would be better inclined to make
peace with them. Now the common People that remained ftill in the Ciry , ftirred not, but were
quiet againſt their will , for fear of danger, becauſe there were many of them lain , that boldly
rook upon them in open preſence to refiſt theſe four hundred, Bur thoſe that were in the Camp in
the Iſle of $au0 s , hearing theſe news, were fo grievoully offended , that they reſolved to return
incontinently again, unto the haven of P:z&a. Firſt of all, they ſent for Alczbiades, whorh
they choſe their Captain , then they commanded him ſtraightly: to lead- them againſt theſe Tyrants,
who had uſurped the liberty of the People of Aruzxs. But nevertheleſs he did not herein, as
another would have done inthiscaſe , ſeeing himſelf ſo ſuddenly crepe again in favour with the com-
mon People : for he did not think he ſhould incontinently pleaſe gratifie them in all things,
though they had made him now thezr General over all their Ships, and fo great an Army, being be-
fore but a baniſhed man , a vagabond , and a fugitive, But to the contrary , as it became a General
worthy of ſuch a charge , he conſidered with himſelf, that it was his part wilely to ſtay thoſe, who
would in a rage and fury careleſly caft themſelves away , and not ſuffer them to do it, And truly At.
cibiades was the cauſe of the preſerving of the City of Arzzxs at that time from utter deſtrucion.
For if they had ſudenly ( according to their determination ) departed from Samos to go to A-
runs : the Enemies finding no man to lett them, might eafily have -won. all the Countrey of
Ioxta , Of HzitzseonrT , and of all the other Iſles without ſtroke ſtriking , whiteſt the Ar «x-
n1axs Were byſie fighting one againft another in civil Wars : and within the compaſsof their own
walls. This Alcib:ades alone , and no other , did prevent , not onely by periwading the whole Ar-
my, and declaring the inconvenience thereof, which would fall our upon their ſudden departure : bur
alſo by intrearing ſome particularly apart , and keeping a number back by very farce. ' To bring this +;
about , one Threſibulus of the Town of ST1R a., did help bimmuch : who went through the Ar-
The mwder
of Phrynicas
and his con-
demnation,
Alcibiades cal-
led home from
exile,
Ya/:bulus a
man of the
my, and cried out upon them that were bent to enterpriſe this journey : for he had the biggeſt and biggeſt voice
loudeſt voice, as they ſay , of any man that was in all the City
of Arzzxs. This was 2 notable ©f all the 4-
a& , and a great piece of ſervice done by Alcibiades : that he promiſed the five hundred fail of the Fhenzans.
Pruoznrcilans ( Which the LaczDamontans affuredly' looked for, in their aid from the
King of po) ſhould not come at all, or elſeif they came, it ſhould be in the-favour of the
Aruznians. For he departed immediately , and went with great (peed to T s/aphernes : whom he
handled in ſuch ſort, that he brought not the' Ships that lay at rode before the Ciry of Aspzx»4,
and ſo he brake promiſe with the La czDamonians. Therefore Alcibiades way marvelloully bla-
med and accuſed , both of the one and the other fide, to have altered T:/aphernes. mind., but chiefly
the LacEDEMONIANS : Who ſaid, that he had perſwaded this barbarous Captain , he ſhould nei-
ther aid the one nor the other , but rather to ſuffer themſelves to devour and deftroy each other. For
it had been our of doubt, if this great Fleet and Navy of the Kings had come, to joyntheir force with
either part : that they bad taken trom the one of ther, the ſeigniory and dominion of- the ſea. Shortly
after , the 400 Noblemen that had uſurped the authority and government of Arn»xs , were utterly
driven away and overthrown, by reaſon of the friendly aid and afliftance that Alcibi.des friends gave
thoſe that took the Peoples part. So the Citizens were very well pleaſed with Alcebiades , infomuch
as they ſent for him to return when he thought good. Bur he efteeming it no honour unto him to
return without ſome well-defery;
, and betore hehad done fome greater exploit , as onely upon the The Citizens
Peoples favour and good will ; to the end that his return might be glorious and triumphant , he de- of Athens tent
for Alciliades
parted firſt from $a x0s with a ſmall number of- Gallies , and went failing up and down the Iſles of .; ;.:.;;.
Cos andof Gnibos. There he was advertifed , that Mindar rs, the Admiral of the Lactp-
NONIANS , Was gone with all bis Fleet unto the ſtraight of Hz:zzsronr , and that the Cap-
tains of the Argznrtays gave chaſe unto him. Thereupon he. went alſo and failed rhither
Q 3 wich
78 —ALCIBIADES.
with {j to aid the Aruznrans : and by very good fortune came with eighteen Gallies, even
mm__——_ Ny is when they were both in the midit oftheir fight, with a cheir Ships before the Ci.
ty of Abydor, I Of AByDos. The battel was cruelly foughten berween them from morning till night , both the
between the One and the other having the better in one part of the battel , and the worſt in another place, Now
Athenians and at the firft diſcov y of Alcibiades coming , both parts had indeed contrary imaginations of him,
Lacedemonians For the enemies took heart unto them : and the Aruzxians began to be afraid, But Alcibia.
des ſetting up a Flag in the top of his Admiral Galley , to ſhew what he was , he preſently ſer upon
the PzLopoOuNESIANS that had the better , had certain Gallies of the Artuzxtans in
chaſe : whereupon the Pzroponnzs1 ans gave over their chaſe , and fled. But Alcibiades fol-
Alcibiades vi- lowed them ſo luſtily, that be ran divers of them aground , and brake their Ships , and flew a great
——_— number of men that leapt into the Sea, in hope to ſave themſelves by ſwimming aland : notwith-
bo Sea Randing that Pharnabazwus was come thither to aid the Lactpamonians, and did his beſt en-
; deayour to ſave their Gallies by the Sea ſhore: yet the ATtHENI1ANS in the end wan 30 Gallies
of their Enemies, and ſaved all their own, and ſo did ſet up certain Flags of triumph and victory,
Alcibiades having now happily gotten this glorious victory, would needs go ſhew himſelf intriumph
unto T:ſaphernes. So baving prepared to preſent him with goodly rich preſents , and appointed alſo
a convenient Train and number of Sail meet for a General , he took his courſe directly to him,
But he found not that entertainment he hoped for : for T:ſaphernes ſtanding in great hazard of dil.
pleaſure, and fear of puniſhment at the Kings hands, having long time before been defamed by the
Alcibiades ta- LACEDEMONIANS , Who had complained of him, that he did not fulfill the Kings command.
ken priſoner at ment , thought that Alcibiades was arrived in a very happy hour : whereupon he kept him priſoner
Sardis, ir in the City of SazD1s , ſuppoſing the wrong he had done, would by this means eafily diſcharge
from Tiſapber- 2nd purge him to the King, Yetat the endof thirty daies , Alcibiades by fortune got hr , and
wo ſtealing trom his keepers, fled unto the City of CLazoMENESs , and this did more increaſe the ſu-
| ſpition they had of T:ſapbernes , becauſe they thought that underhand he had wrought bis liberty,
Alcibiades took then Sea again , and went to ſeek our the Army of the Aragzntans. Which
when he had found , and heard news that A45ndarus and Pharnabazus were together in the City of
C1zycum , he madean Oration to his Souldiers, and declared unto them how it was very requiſite
they ſhould ig t with their Enemies , both by Sea and by Land , and moreover that they thould aſ-
Fault them within their Forts and Caſtles , becauſe otherwiſe they could have no money to defray their
charges. His Oration ended, he made them immediately hoiſe fail, and ſo. to go lie at anker inthe
Iſle of PRoCoNNEsus ; where. he took order that they ſhould keep all the Pinaces and Brigan-
tines among the Ships of war, that the Enemy might have no manner of —_— of his coming.
The great ſhoures of rain alſo, with thunder and dark weather that fell out ſuddenly upon it , did
greatly further him in his attempt and enterprize : inſomuch as not onely his Enemies, but the At ns-
NIANS that werethere before , knew nothing of his coming, So ſome made their reckoning, that
they could do little or nothing all that day : yet he made them ſuddenly imbark , and hoiſe ſail. They
were no ſooner in the main Sea, but they diſcryed afar off the Galleys of their Enemies, which lay
at rode before the hayen of C1zy cum. And fearing left the great number of his Fleet would make
them fiye, and take Land beforehe could come to them : he commanded certain Captains to ſtay
behind, and to row ſoftly after him , and himſelf with forty Galleys with him , went towards the
Enemies to provoke them to fight. The Enemies ſuppoſing there had been no more Ships then thoſe
that were in fight, did ſer out preſently to fight with them, They were no ſooner joyned together,
© but Alcibiades Ships that came behind, were alſo diſcryed, The Enemies were ſo affraid thereat,
Alcibiades vi- that they caſt about and fled ſtraight. Alcibiades leaving his Fleet, followed the chaſe with twen
ory t ©7T” of the beſt Galleys he had , and drave them aland. . Thereupon he landed alſo., and purſued them ſo
; couragioully at their heels, that he ſlew a great number of them on the main Land , who thought
by flying to have ſaved themſelves. Moreover, <Hindarus and Pharnabazus , being come out of
the City to reſcue their People , were overthrown both, . He flew Afindarms in the Field, fighting
valiantly : as for Pharnabazms , be cowardly fled away. So the ATHznians ſpoiled the dead
bodies ( which were a great numaber.) of a great deal of armour and riches, and took beſides all
their Enemies. Ships. After they took the City of C1zyY cum , Pharnabazus having left it, Then
the PzzoponnzsIans being (lain, they had not onely the poſſeſſion of the whole Countrey of
Hzirzseont , Which they kept : but they drave their Enemies by force out of all parts of the Sea.
There were at that time certain Letters intercepted , _ a Secretary gave advertiſement unto
the Ephori at SparTA , of the oyerthrow in this fort : Allis loſt, Azndarwis ſlain, our People
dye for hunger, and we know not what to do., Now the Souldiers of Arzzxs that had been at
this journey and overthrow , grew to ſuch pride and reputation of themſelves, that they would not,
and diſdained alſo to ſerve with other Souldiers that had been beaten many times , and went aw
with the worſe : where they to the contrary had never been overcome as a little before wo ro
that the Captain Thraſylxs had been overthrown by the City of Eemssus : and for this over-
throw, the Epazs1ans had ſet up a triumph and roken of braſs, to the utter ſhame and igno-
miny of the Argznians. For the which Alcsbiades Souldiers did very much rebuke Thraſyllss
men, and did exceedingly extoll their Captain and themſelves, and would neither encamp with them,
neither have to do with them , nor yer keep them company : untill ſuch time as Pharnabazas came
with a great Army againſt them , as well of Footmen as Horſemen , when they ran a foraging upon
the AzypsR1ans 3: and then Aicibiades went ta the reſcue of them, and gave Pharnabazm batte],
and
ALCIBIADES.
179
and overthrely him once again , and did together with Thraſy{ws , chaſe him even untill dark night.
Then both 4lcibiades and Thraſynus Souldiers did company together , one rejoycing with another :
and ſo returned all with great joy into one Camp. The next morning Alcibiades ſer up a Triumph
for the victory he had the day before, and then went to ſpoil and deſtroy Pharnabazus Countrey
where he was Governour , and no man durſt once come out to meet him. In this rode there were
taken Priſoners, certain Priefts and Nuns of the Countrey : but Alcibiades freely delivered them af-
terwards without -ranſome. And preparing tro make Wars againſt the Czarcapontaxs , who
were revolted from the Aruznians , and had received a Gariſon and Governour of the Lac z-
DEMO NIANS into. their City , he was advertiſed that they had brought all their Goods and Cartels
out of their Fields, and had delivered them to the fate cuſtody of the By TH1NIANS, who were
their neighbours and friends. Hereupon be led his Army into their Borders, and ſent a Herauld to
fmmon the By THINIANS , © make amends for the wrong they had done the Arazxrans.
The Brruimrans fearing leſt - Alcibiades would ſer upon them , did ſtraight deliver him their
oods they had. before in their _ , and moreover made a league with the Arusx1ans be-
Pls, That done , he went and laid fiege to the City of Ca+rczpon, the which he environed
all about from the one fide of the Sea to the other, Pharzabazus came thither, thinking to have rai-
ſed the fiege. And Hippocrates a Captain of the LaczpawoN1Aans, that was Governour of
the City, aſſembled all the force he was able to make within the ſame, and made a falley out alſo up-
on the ATHENIANS at the very ſame time, Whereupon Alcibiades putting his men in order of
barrel , ſo as they might give charge upon them borh at one inſtant , tought fo valiantly , that he for-
ced Pharnabazas to run bis way with ſhame enough, and ſlew Hippocrates in the Field, with a great
number of his men. Then took he the Seas again , to go towards the Countrey of HELL s-
$PONT , to get ſome Money , where on the ſudden he did take the City of SzLYBREA : becauſe
be valiantly puthimſelf in hazard before the time appointed him, For certain of his friends with-
in , with whom he had ſecret praRtiſe , had given -him a token, rhat when time ſerved, they would
ſhew a burning torch in the air at nidnioht : -bur were compelled to ſhew this fire in the air
before they were ready , for fear leſt one of their: confederacy would betray the matter, who ſud-
denly repented him. Now this torch burning in the air , was ſet before Alcibiazes was ready with
his company. Bur he perceiving the ſign ſer , rook about thirry men with him in his company , and
ran with them to the walls of the City , having commanded the reft of his Army to follow him
with all ſpeed poſſible. The gate was opened to him, and to his thirty men : beſides them there
followed twenty other light armed men. Howbeir - they were no ſooner entred the City , but they
heard the Citizens armed come againſt them : ſo that there was no hope to ſcape , if they did tarry
Alcibiades vi-
Rory at Chal-
cedonia.
Alcibiades
took the City
of Selybrea.
their coming. Nevertheleſs , conſidering that untill that preſent time, he was never overcome in The preſent
battel where he had taken charge , it grieved him- very much to fly : wherefore it ſtraight came in wit of Alcibia-
his head to make filence by ſound ot Trumpet, and atter filence made, he cauſed one of them that 4*:
were about him tomake Proclamation with a loud voice, that the SzLy BR1anians ſhould not take
Arms againſt the ATHEN1aNsS. This cooled them a little that would fain have been doing,
becauſe they ſuppoſed that all the Army of the ATrhentans had been already in the City :
the other on the contrary fide, were very glad to, talk of peace, without any further danger. And
as they began to parle upon compoſition , the Teſt of Alcibiades Army was come on. Now he
thinking indeed ( which was true ) that the SELy BR1ANIans ſought nothing but peace, and
fearing leſt the THRAc1aNns ( which were many in number , and came with good will to ſerve him
in that journey ) would ſack and ſpoil the City , he made them all ro go out again : and fo conclu-
ding peace with the chief of the SELY BRIANIANS he did them-no more hurt upon their hum-
ble ſubmiſſion , but made them pay him a ſum of _ and fo leaving'a Gariſon of the ATH z-
N1Aa NS Within the City, be departed thence, Whilſt Acibzades was in treaty with the SzLyY-
BRIANIANS, the other ATHEN1AN Captains that lay at the fiege of CHarcepon, made
an agreement with Pharnabazus, that he ſhould give them a ſum of money , and give up the
Town into the ATHENIANS hands, to enjoy it asthey did before, And with exp
condition The Chalceds-
alſo, that the ATHEN1ANns ſhould make no rodes into Pharnabazus Dominions , to hurt or ſpoil nians receive
any of his : and he likewiſe ſhould be bound to give good ſafe conduR unto the Ambaſſadours of the *Þ< 4rheniznr.
ATHENIANS/, to go and come ſafe from time 'to time, ro the King of Pzrs1a, The other
Captains being ſworn to this peace , Pharnabazus conditioned alſo that Alcibiades at his return
ſhould likewiſe be ſworn to the peace and conditions thereof, But Alcibiades ſaid he would not be
ſworn at all, unleſs Pharnabazus were firſt ſworn for his part. Thus when Oaths were taken on
either lide, Alcibiades went alſo againſt thoſe of BY zAnT1wum, who in like caſe had rebelled
againſt the ATHEN1iaNns. At kis firſt coming thither , he invironed the City round about with a
wall. Afterwards he praQtiſed with two ſecret friends of his , Anaxilaus and Lycurgns, and cer-
tain other within the City , who promiſed him to deliver it into his hands , ſo they might be aſſured
he would do them no hurt. To, colour this praiſe, he gave it out that he muſt needs leave the fiege, 41,;3:14esfira-
and depart with ſpeed , for certain news that were come out of Tox1A : and thereupon he im- tagem at By-
barked preſently, and went out of the haven at noon day with all his Ships , howbeir he returned q4nriwn.
again the ſame night, And going aland with the choiſeſt and beſt armed men he had, he approached
the walls of the Ciry, without any manner of noiſe, and having left order with them that remained
in the Ships, that in the mean ſeaſon they ſhould row with all force into the haven, with as great
cries and ſhouts as might be, to fear and trouble the Enemies + partly 10 fear the BY zaNT1iNEs
the
a— bt -4 ,
7 8 Ce
——I—- - <> <= W
| 4 = ESD.
- 4 i
-
_—_
—
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wo -
>. =
_ _—-
ALCIBIADES.
Alcibiades
winneth By-
$antiim.
Alcibiades ho-
nourable re-
tnrqi into his
Countrey.
che more with their ſudden coming among them , -and partly that his confederates; within the City;
might with better opportunity receive him and his company , into the Tawn with the more aſſured
ſatery , whilſt every man ran to the haven, to refit ther that were upon the Galleys. Neverthe-
leſs they went not away unfought with, For thoſe that Jay in garriſon withunthe City, ſome of them
PELOPONNESIANS , Other BOZOTIANS , and-other: MEGARIANS,, did fo. valiamily repulle
them that came out of their Galleys , that they dyays them to retire aboard again., Afterwards hea.
ring how the ATYENIANS WETE entred the City. on the other fide, they put themſclves in bartel
ray , and went to meet thera, The battel was terrible of both parts :. but Alcsb5ades in the end ob-
rained victory , leading the right wing of this battel , and Therawenes the left. The viftory being
Sotten , he took three hundred of. bis Enemies priſoners , who had eſcaped the ftiry of the battel.
But after the battel ; there wasnota BY ZANTIN® put to death , neither baniſhed , nor his goods
confiſcared : becayſe it was capitulared by Alcibrades with bis confederates, that neither he nor his,
ſhould hurt any of the By zANTiN>s , either-in 'perſon or goods , mor any way ſhould rifle them,
And Azaxilaus 'being afterwards accuſed of Treaſon in Lacapznon for this praftiſe, he an.
ſwered and juſtified himſelf -in ſychſoxt , that they could not find he had commirted-the fault laid
unto his charge. For he ſaid that he was no LaczD&mONIaN, but aBrzaNnTIns : and that
he. ſaw not Lac®p&Mo" in danger, but BY za*Tium , which the Enemies had encompaſſed
about with a wall they bad built, that i was impailible to bring any thing into the Ciry. Moreover
he alledged , that they having ſmall ore of corn wuhin the City: (as was true indeed ) the Ps 1.0-
Ponns $14axs and BOzoTIAnS that lay there in garriſon, did cat-it up , while the poor By-
ZanT1wss themſelves, their wiyes and children, died for very hunger. Therefore it could not
be ſaid of bim, that he bad betrayed his Countrey, but rather that he had delivered it from the miſe-
ries and calamities the Wars brought upon it : wherein he had followed the example of the boneſt-
eſt men of Lact>&yon , who did acknowledge nothing honeſt and juſt, but that which was neceſ-
fary and profitable for their Countrey. The Lacxpyaont ans bearing his reaſons alledged for
his purgation , were aſhamed to condemn him. :andtherefore they ler him go. Now eAlcibiades
deſirous in the end to ſee his native Countrey again ('to ſpeak more truly , that his 'Countrey-men
ſhould ſee him ) after he had ſo many times overthrown their Enemies in battel. : he hoiſed fail and
U eted his courſe towards ATuans 2 bringing. -with ban all. rhe Galleys of the Arauznians
richly furniſhed and decked all about with Scutchions and Targets, and other Armour and Weapon
atten amongſt the : ſpoils of his Enemies. Mozeever , be brought with him maty other Ships
which he had won and broken in. the Wars ,; beſides many Enfigns and other Ornaments : all
which being cpuptsd-together one with the other , rhade up the numbes of two hundred. Ships. Fur-
hermore , where: Dare Spirent writeth ( who: chalkengeth that he came of his houſe ) that at
his rexurn one Chryſogonys , an excellent player on the Flute ((thag had won certain of the Pythi-
az games ) did play ſuch a note, that at the found thereof the Galley-ſlaves would keep ftroke with
cher Oars ; and that Caltpprder another excelleat player of Tragedies , playing the part of a Co-
medy, did ftir- than ro.row , :being in ſuch Players garments as every Maſter of fuch Science uſeth
commonly to wear, preſenting himſelf in a Theatre or | Stage beforethe People to ſhew his art , and
that the Admirall-Galley whezein himſelf was, entrgd the Haven with a Purple Sail, as if ſome
Maſque had come into a mans bouſe after ſome great Banquet made:: neither Ephor mz, nox Theopon-
pus, nor Xenophon,, make any mention of this ar all, Furthermore ,/ merhinks it ſhould'nor be true,
that he ( returning from exile after ſo long a baniſhmem , and having} paſſed over: ſuch ſoyrows and
calamities as he hag ſuſtained ) would ſo proudly and preſumptuoylly ſhew hicaſelf unto the Arzz-
xians. But meerly contrary , it & moſt certain, that he remrned- in great fear-and doubt, For
when he was arrived.in the Haveri of P1R A, he would not ſer foot aland , before he firſt ſaw his
Nephew Euryprolemns, and divers other of. his friends, from the hatches of his Shipyftanding upon
the. ſand in the Havens mouth ; whb were come thirher ro receive-and welcome him , and told him
that he might be bold to: land, without fear of any thing. He was no ſooner landed, but all the
People ran out. of every corner to ſee him, with fo great love and” affeRtion , 'that-they took no
heed of the other Captains that cane with him , buccluſtered all ro: him onely , and cried our for
joy. to ſee him ; Thoſe that conld come near him, did welcome and embrace him z-but alt the People
wholly. followed han. And fomethat came to him , put Garlands of Blowers upon-his head : and
thoſe chat could nox come near him, 'faw him afar off, and the old folkes did pom him our ro the
younger ſort, But this common joy was mingled nowithſtanding with ears and forrow-, when they
came to think upon their former misfortune and calamities, and xo compare them with their preſent
olperity :' weighing with themſclves alſo how they had not loft $S1c111A, , nor- their bope in all
—_ elic bad failed them, if they. had delivered themfelves and the charge. of their Army into A4tc:-
biagdes hands, when they ſent fox. him to appear in perſon before: them. Confilering alſo how he
found the City of Arzzxs in manner put from the ſeigniory and; commandment of the Sea ; and
on the other fide: how their foxce by -Land was brought into. fuch extremity , that Arts fcantly
could defend ber Suburbs, the City {elf being fo divided and turmoyled with civil diffention : yet he
gathered togather thoſe few , and femall force that remained, and had not onely- reſtored Aruzxs
' to her former. power and foveraignty on the Sea, bur had made her alſo'conqueror 'byL:and. Now
the Decree: for his repair home again, paſt before by the People, at the inſtant requeſt of Celia,
the Son.of Chalkeſchras , who did prefer it : ashe himſeM did reRtifie in his Elegies,, putting Atri-
biades in remembrance of the good turn he had done him, faying-: _—_
| /
| pu was not content , nor glad of Alcib1
ALCIBIADES..
I was the firſt that moved in open conference
The Peoples voyce to call thee home, when thou wert baxiſht hence,
So was I hg the fur ſt which thereto gave conſent ,
And therefore may 1 boldly ſay, by truth of ſuch intent :
I was the onely mean, to call thee bome again,
By ſuch requeſt ſo rightly made, to move the Peoples vain.
And this may ſerve for pledge, what friendſhip 1 thee bear :
Faſt ſealed with a faithfull tongue, as plainly ſhall appear.
But notwithſtanding , the People being aſſembled in Council , Alcibiades came before them, and
made an Cration : wherein he firſt lamented all the miſhaps, and found himſelf grieved a lictle
with the wrongs they had offered him, yer he imputed all in the end to his curſed forme, and
ſome ſpightfull god that envied his glory and proſperity. Then he dilated at large the great hope
their Enemies had to have advantage of them : and therewithall perſwaded the People to be of
good courage, and afeard of nothing that was to come. And to conclude, the People crowned
him with Crowns of Gold, and choſe him General again of Arzzxs, with ſoveraign power
and Authority both by Land and by Sea. And at- that very inſtant it was decreed by the People,
that he ſhould be reſtored again to his Goods , and that the Priefts £xwmolpsdes thould abſolve
him of all their Curſes , and that the Heraulds ſhould with open Proclamation revoke the Execrati-
ons and curſings they had thundred out againſt him before, by commandment of the People. Where-
ro they all agreed, and were very willing, ſaving Theodor the Biſhop, who ſaid ; I did neither ex-
communicate him, nor curſe him, if he hath done no hurt to the Commonwealth. Now Alcibiades
flouriſhed in his chiefeſt proſperity, yet were there ſome notwithſtanding that miſliked very much
the time of his landing : ſaying, it was very unlucky and uafortunate, For the very day of his
return and arrivall, fell out by chance on the Feaſt which they call Plynteria, as you would ſay,
the waſhing day , which they celebrate inthe honour of Afinerve : on the which day, the Priefts
that they cal Praxiergides, do make certain ſecret and hidden Sacrifices and Ceremonies, being the
five and twentieth day of the Moneth of September, and do take from the Image of this goddefs
all ber Raymenr and Jewels, and keep the Image cloſe covered over, Hereupon the Arun ans
do aſcribe that day for a moſt unfortunate day , and are = circumſpect to do any matter of
importance on it, Moreover, it was _—_— ſcanned abroad of every body, that it ſeemed the
s return : and. that ſhe did hide her ſelf, becauſe
e would not ſee him, nor have him come near her, Notwithſtanding all theſe toyes and Cere-
monies , when Alcibrades found every thing fell our well at his return, and as he would have wiſhed
it ; he armed a hundred Galleys prelenily, to return again to the Wars. Howbeit he wiſely
regarded the time and ſolemnity ot celebration of theſe myſteries , and confiderately ſtayed untill
they had finiſhed all. And it fell out , that after the Lact: D&moNnians had taken and fortified
the City of Dzczza , within the Territory of ATT1CA , and that the Enemies being the ſtron-
ger in the Field, did keep the way going from Aruzxs to Exxustx, fo as by no poſlible
means they could make their ſolemn ' proceilion by Land , with fych honour and deyotion as they
were before accuſtomed to do : and thereby all the Sacrifices, Daufices, and many other boly devour
Ceremonies they were wont to do by the way , in ſinging the holy Song of Tacchas , came of very
neceſſiry to be left off and clean laid aſide, They Aic:biades though be ſhould do a meritorious
Alabiades o-
ration to the
people.
Alcibiadescho-
{cn general
with ſoy eraign
authority,
Plynterta,
Alcibiades res
deed to the gods, and an acceptable to men, to bring the old Ceremonies up again upon the ſaid 49;eq the old
Feaſt : and thereupon purpoſed to accompany the Proceſlion, and defend it by power againſt all Ceremonies,
invaſion and diſturbance by the Enemies : as one that foreſaw one of theſe two things would come
to paſs : Either that Agss King of the LaczD&mONIAaNns would not ſtir at all, and; that he
by this means ſhould ſo much imbaſe and diminiſh his reputation and glory : or if he did come out
into the Field , that he would make the Battel very gratetull to the gods , conſidering it ſhould be
in defence of their moſt holy Feaſt and Worſhip, and in the ſight of his Countrey , where the Peo-
ple ſhould ſee and witneſs both his valiantneſs, and alſo his courage. Alcibiades being fully re-
ſolved upon this proceſſion, went and made the Prieſts Eumolpides , their Vergers, and other their
Miniſters and Ofhcers of theſe myſteries, privy to his determination, Then he ſent out Scouts to
watch on the fide of the hills thereabouts, and to view the way of their perambulation. The next
morning very early he ſent out light Horſemen alſo to ſcour the Countrey, Then he made the
Prieſts , the profeſſed , and all the Miniſters of Religion, go in Proceſlion , rogether with thoſe
that followed the ſame: and he himſelf compaſſed chem about with his Army on every fide, mar-
Ching in Battel ray , and very good order , and with great ſilence. This was an honourable and
devout leading of an Army, and ſuch as if his greateſt Enemies would confeſs a truth , they
could not but ſay , Alcibiades had as much ſhewed the Office of a high Biſhop, or of a noble
Souldier and good C aptain, So be entred this Proceſſion, returning tro ATHENS in all fafe or-
der again, and not an Enemy that durſt once look our into the Held to ſet upon them. Now
this did more encreaſe the greatneſs of his mind, and therewith the Peoples good opinion of his
ſufficiency, and wiſe conduRon of an Army : inſomuch as they thought him unvincible, having
the Soveraign Power and Authority of a General, Furthermore, he ſpake fo fair to the
_w People , and, meaner ſort, that they chietly wiſhed and defired be would rake upon him
ke a King @ yea, and many went to him to perſwade him in ir, as though he Chould _—
withſtan
DO ER oa Ce Os. cn
Mi
ba. ———_—_—
182 ALCIBIADEsS.
withſtand all envy, and drive away the Laws and ' Cuſtoms of trying of matters by the voy-
ces of the People , and all ſuch fond devices as did deſtroy the ſtate of the Commonweal.
And furthermore, they ſaid it was very needfull that he alone ſhould rake upon him the whole
Rule and Government of the City , that he might diſpoſe all things according to his will , and
not ſtand in fear of flanderous and wicked tongues. Now, whether Alcibades ever had any mind
ro uſurp the Kingdom , the matter is ſomewhat dovbrfull. Bur this is certain, the greateſt men
of the Ciry fearing leſt indeed he meant ſome ſuch thing , did haften his departure as ſoon as
Ny they could poſſible , doing all other things according ro his mind : and did aflign him ſuch AC.
Alcibiades le- ſqgcijares in his charge of General , as he himſelf beſt liked. So in the end he departed with a
cond JouVeY. Fleet of an hundred Galleys, and firſt of all he fell with the Iſle of ADRs , where he over-
came by fight the Inhabitants of the ſaid Iſle, and certain Laczpamon1ans that were a-
mongſt them : but he took not the City , which was one of the firſt matters his Enemies did
accuſe him for. For if ever man was overthrown and envied for the eftimation they had of his
valour and ſufficiency, truly Alcibiades was the man. For his notable and ſundry ſervices he had
done, won him ſuch eſtimation of wiſdom and valiantneſs , that where he lacked in any ſervice
wharſoevever , he was preſently ſuſpeted , judging the ill ſucceſs not in that he could not , but tor
that he would not : and that where he underrook any Enterpriſe , nothing could withſtand or
lie in his way. Hereupon the People periwading themſelves , rhat immediately after his depar-
Lack of money Ure , they ſhould hear that the Iſle of C10 was taken, with all the Countrey of 10x14,
the occaſion of they were. angry they could have no news ſo ſuddenly from him as they looked for. Moreover ,
the overthrow they did not conſider the lack of money he had , and ſpecially making War with ſuch Enemies,
ofthe Arheni- 2. were ever relieved with the great King of Pzrs1Aa's aid, and that for neceſſities ſake he
ans AY BY was ſundry times driven to leave his Camp , to ſeek money where he could ger it, to pay his
Souldiers, and to maintain his Army. Now for teſtimony hereof, the laſt Accuſation that was
againſt him, was onely for this matter. LZyſander being ſent by the LaczpamoNnians for
Admiral and General of their Army by Sea , uſed ſuch policy with Cyrs the King of Pxx-
$IA's brother, that he got into his hands a great ſum of money : by means whereof he
Save unto his Mariners four Oboles a day for their Wages, where before they were wont to
have but three, and yet Alcibiades had much ado to furniſh his with three onely a day. For
this cauſe, ro get money , Alcibiades ſailed unto Carta. Bur in the mean time eAntiochu,
whom Alcibiades had left his Lieutenant behind him , and had given him charge of all the Ships
in his abſence, being a very $kilfull Sea-man , but otherwiſe” a haſty: harebraind fool , and of
ſmall capacity : he being expreſly commanded by Alc:biades not to fight in any caſe, though the
Enemies offered him Barrel ,. was ſo fooliſh raſh, and made ſo little reckoning of his ſtraight
commandment , that .-he. armed his own Galley , whereof himſelf was Captain , and other be-
Amiochusraſh- ſides, and: went to the City- off Eeaxsus , paſling all along his Enemies Galleys, reviling and
neſs procured gffering villany to thoſe that ſtood upon the Hatches of their Galleys. Lyſander being mar-
—_ _— velloully provoked by theſe words; went 'and encountred him at the firft with a few Ships.
throw of the The other Captains of the Galleys of the ATHEN1aNs, ſeeing Antiochus in danger , went to
Athenians aid him, one after another,” Then Lyſander of ' his part alſo fer out all his whole Fleer againſt
Army. him, and inthe end overcame therh : Antiochxs ſelf was killed in the conflict, and many Gallies
Io a— ——— men were taken Priſoners : wherefore Lyſander ſet up ſhews of triumph in token of vifory.
? 1edemonians Alcibiades bearing this illfavoured news , returtied preſently with all poſhble ſpeed ro Sa mos :
overthrew the and when he came thither, he went with all the reſt of his Fleet ro offer Lyſander battel. But
Athenians. = Lyſander quietly contenting himſelf with his firſt Victory , went not out againſt him. Now
this Victory was no ſooner won, but one Thraſyeulus the Son of Thraſon , Alcibiades Enc-
Alcibiades ac. Iy » went incontinently from the Camp, and got him to ATHENS, to accule Alcibiades to the
cuſed again by People : whom he informed how all went to wrack, and 'thar he had loft many Ships, for that
Thraſybulus, © he regarded not his charge, careleſly putting men in truſt-, whom he gave too great credit to,
becauſe they: were good fellows, and would drink drunk with 'him , and were full of Mariners
.mocks and knaviſh jefts, ſuch as they uſe commonly amongſt: themſelves. And that he in the
-mean time took his pleaſure abroad , here and there, ſcraping money together where he could
come by it, keeping good chear, and feaſting of the ABYDENIAaN and IONnTaNn Curtizans,
when the Enemies Arniy was ſo near theirs as it was. Moreover, they laid to his charge , that
he did fortifie a Caſtle in the Countrey of ThRAc1Aa , near unto the Ciry BisawTHE , for
a place to retire himſelf unto., either becauſe he could not, or rather that: he would nor live any
longer in his. own Countrey, Upon thoſe accuſations, the ArHenians giving credit to the
report , did immediately chooſe new Captains, and thereby declared their miſliking. Alc:b:a-
des hearing of this, and fearing left they would do him ſome worſe harm , did leave ſtraight the
Alcibiades put ATHENTANS, Camp , and gathering a certain number of ſtrangers together,. went of himſelf
earn on ro. make. War upon certain free People of the THRAac1ans , who were ſubjet to no Prince
xs -nor State .: where he got a marvellous maſs bf money together, by means whereof he did afſure
the GREC1ANS inhabiting thoſe marches , from all invaſion of foraign Enemies. Now Tydews,
and e Henanzder, and Adimanthus , the ATHENIANS Captains , being afterwards in a place com-
monly called the Goats River, with all the Galleys the City of Ar#zxns had at that time
upon the Coaſt : uſed every morning to g0 into the Sea, to offer Bartel ro Lyſander , who rode
| 4 at
EE a
ALCIBIADES. 193.
at Anker before the City of Lampſachw , with all the LaczpanOn1axs Army by Sea, and _
commonly returned again to the place from whence they came , in very ill order , without either ©2/-*4cr rode
watch or ward, as men that were careleſs of their Enemues. Alcibiages being on the Land not ang 1s
far off, and finding their great fault and negligence , took his Horſe, and went to them , and cy. .
rold them that they lay on an ill ſhoar, where there was no good rode, nor Town, and where
they were driven to ſeek their Victuals, as far as to the City of StsTOs, and that they ſuffered
ther Mariners to leave their Ships, and go aland when they Jay at anker , ſtragling up and
down the Countrey as they would rhemlelves , without regard that there lay a great Army of
their Enemies before them, ready to be 'ſer out atthe Generals commandment : and therefore he
adviſed them to remove thence , and go to caſt anker before the City of SssTos. Howbeit The Athenians
the C aptaivs would not be adviſed by him : and that which was worſt of all, Tydews, one of _—_— not
the Caprains , tourly commanded him to ger him away, as one that had nothing co do with the 5,04 cg
matter , and that other had charge of the Army. Whereupoa Alcibiades fearing they would © ;
purpoſe ſome Treaſon againſt hum, did depart preſently from them. And as he went his way,
he ſaid ro ſome of his friends which accompanyed him out of the Camp at his return : that if
the Captains of the ATHENIANS had not been ſo round with him , he would have forced
the LaCED&MONIANS to have come to bartel in deſpight of their beards , or elſe he would
have driven them to forſake their Ships. Some took this for a glorious brag : other thought
he was like enough to have done it, becauſe he could have brought from Land a great munber
of THRACIANS, both Archers and Horſemen , with whom he might have given a charge upon
the LacED&MONIANS , and done great miſchief unto their Camp. But now , bow wilely
Alcibiades did foreſee the faults he told the ATHEN1aNns Captains of, their great misfortune
and loſs that followed incontinently , did too plainly witneſs it to the World. For Lyſander The Athenians
came ſo fiercely upon them on a ſudden, that of all the Ships that they had in their whole overcome by
Fleet, onely eight Gallys were ſaved , with whom Conor fled : and the other being not much £2/#ndcr.
leſs then rwo hundred in number, were every one of them taken and carried away , with three
thouſand Priſoners, whom Lyſander put to death, Shortly after , he took the Ciry ſelf of Athens taken
ATHENS, and razed their long Walls even to the ground, After this great and notable Vito. *! £2/4*4er+
ry , Alcibiades fearing ſore the LacED&MONIANS, who then withour lett or interruption of
any , were onely Lords and Princes by Sea and by Land : he went into the Countrey of BY T#t- , a;,1., g,-
N1A , and cauſed great Goods to be brought after him , and took a marvellous ſum of mo- «th into h__—
ney with him , beſides great Riches he left alſo in the Caſtles of THrac1a , where he did re- Countrey of
main before. Howbeit he loſt much of his Goods in ByYT#iNn1a, which certain Tax a c1- Þyibinia.
ans dwelling in that Countrey , had robbed him of , and taken from him, So he determined to
repair forthwith unto King Artaxerxes , hoping that when the King had once proved him, he
ſhould find him a man ot no leſs ſervice , then he had found Themsſtocles before him : beſides
that the occaſion of his going thither , ſhould be much juſter then his was : for he did not g0
thither , tro make War againſt the City of ATHENS and his Countrey , as Themiftocles did : but
of a contrary intent , to make interceſſion to the King, that it would pleaſe him to aid them.
Now Alcibiades thinking he could uſe no better mean then Pharnabazxs help onely , to ſee him
ſafely conducted to the Kings Court : he took his journey to him into the Countrey of Par y -
GIA , where he abode a certain time to attend upon him, and was very honourably entertained
and received of Pharnabazus. All this while the ATHEnians found themſelves deſolate, F
and in miſerable ſtate to ſee their Empire loſt : but then much more, when Lyſander had taken =. waſh
away their Liberties, and ſer thirty Governours over their City, Now too late, after all was tyrants over
loſt ( where they might have recovered again, if they had been wiſe ) they began together to the Citizens
bewail and lament their miſeries and wretched tate , looking back upon all their wiltull faults *f 4thenz
and follies committed : among which, they did reckon their ſecond time of falling out with 41- —_— =
cibiades , was their greateſt tault : for they baniſhed him onely of malice and diſpleaſure, not for — promarl
any offence himſelf in perſon had committed againſt them , taving that his Lieutenant in his ab- Bae
lence had ſhamefully loſt a few of their Ships : and they themſelves more ſhamefully had driven
our of their City, the nobleft Souldier, and moſt $kiltull Captain that they had. And yet
they had ſome little poor hope left, that they were not altogether caſt away , ſo long as .A/-
cibiades lived , and had his health. For before, when he was a forſaken man, and led a baniſhed
life, yet he could not live idlely , and do nothing : wherefore now much more, faid they to them-
ſelves, if there be any help ar all , he will not ſuffer out of doubt the inſolency and pride of the
LACEDAMONIANS , nor yet abide the cruelties and outrages of theſe thirty Tyrants. And
ſurely the common People had ſome reaſon to have theſe thoughts in their heads, conſidering tha:
the thirty Governours themſelves did what they could poſlibly ro ſpy out Alcibi.des doings , and
what he went about. Inſomuch as Critizs at the laſt, declared ro Lyſander , that ſo long the
LACEDEAMONIANS might reckon themſelves Lords over all GrEEcE, as they kept trom
the common People the Rule and Authority of the City of ATHens. And further he added,
that notwithſtanding the People of ATrHENs could well away to live like SubjeR&s under the
Government of a few : yet Alcibiades whileſt he lived , would never ſuffer them o to be reigned
over, but would attempt by all device he could, to bring a change and innovation among them.
Yet Lyſander would not credit theſe perſwaſions , before ſpeciall commandment was ſent to him
from
ALCIBIADES.
The Laceda-
monians will
Lyſander to
kill Alcibiades.
Alcibiades
dream .
Phrygia detore
his death.
Alctbiades
death.
Timandra the
Curtizan bu-
ried Alcibiades,
Lais a Curti-
zan of Corznth.
from the Senate of LaCED&MON , upon his Allegiance, that he ſhould deviſe to kill 4cibiades
by all means he could procure : either becauſe in troth rhey feared the ſubrilry of his wit, and the Sreat-
neſs of his courage , toenterpriſe matters of | ary weight and danger, orelſe that the ſought ro gra-
tifie King Agis by it. Lyſander being thus ſtraightly commanded , did ſend and praiſe incontinent-
ly with Pharnabazs to execute the Fact : who gave his Brother ſages, and his Uncle S»/am;-
thres Commiſſion to attempt the matter. Now was Alcibiages ina certain Villaze of Pyry G14, with
a Concubine of his called 7 5maz4ra. So he thought he dreamed one night that he had pur on his Concy-
bines Apparell , and how ſhe dandling him in her arms, had dreſſed his head , frizeled his hair, and
painted his face , as he had been a woman. Other ſay, that he thought Mage ftrake off his head,
and made his body to be burnt : and the voice goeth, this Viſion was but a little before his death.
Thoſe that were ſent to kill him, durſt not enter the houſe where he was, bur ſer it on fire round about.
Alcibiades ſpying the fire, got ſuch Apparell and Hangings as he had, and threw it on the fire,thinking
to have putit our : and ſo cafting his Cloak about his left arm, took his naked Sword in his other hand,
and ran out of the houſe, himſelf not once touched with fire , ſaving his clothes were a little finged.
Theſe murtherers , ſo ſoon as they ſpied him , drew back , and ſtood aſunder , and durft not one of
them come near him, to ſtand and fight with him : bur afar off, they beſtowed ſo many Arrows and
Darts on him, that they killed him there. Now when they had left him , Timandra went and took
his body, which ſhe wrapped up in the beſt Linen ſhe had , and buried him as honourably as ſhe could
poſſible, with ſuch things as ſhe had, and could get together, Some hold opinion that Law, the onely
famous Curtizan, which they —_— of CORINTH, though indeed ſhe was born ina little Town of
S1CILIA, called Hic c ak a, where ſhe was taken, was his daughter. Notwithſtanding, touching the
death of Alcibiades , there are ſome that agree to all the reft I have written, ſaving that they ſay , it
was neither Pharnabazus, nor Lyſander, nor the La ceD&MoNIAN $, which cauſed him to be (lain,
but that he keeping with a young Gentlewoman of a Noble houfe , whom he had toln away , and in-
ticed to folly : hex Brethren to revengethis injury, went to ſet fire upon the houſe where he was,and that
they killed him as wehave told you, thinking to leap out of the fire, ; |
The end of Alcibiades life.
THE LIFE OF
CAIVS MARTIUS CORIOLANUS.
Ant. Chriſt.
585.
AHE Houſe of the Martians at ROME was of the number of the Patyi- ;
cians , out of the which have ſprung many noble perſonages, whereof An- _ Family
ens Martins was one , King N»uma's Daughters Son , who was King of ,;,.. _
Roms after 7 »/us Hoſtilis. Of the ſame Houſe were Publius and Dnin- Publize and
ts , who brought to ROME their beſt water they had by Conduits, Cen- Quintus Mar-
ſorinus alſo came of that Family , that was ſo ſurnamed, becauſe the Peo- cy brought
ple had choſen him Cenſor twice. Through whoſe perſwaſion they made 775 "557 B
I a Law ; that no man from thenceforth might require , or enjoy the Cen- x,ne.
&* ſorſhip twice. Cairns Martins , whoſe Lite we intend now to write, be- Cenſorinuslaw.
ing left an Orphan by his Father , was brought up under his Mother a
Widow , who taught us by experience , that Orphanage bringeth many diſcommodities to a Child,
but doth not hinder him to become an honeſt man , and to excell in vertue above the common ſort :
as they that are meanly born , wrongfully do complain ,” thar it is the occaſion of their caſting away,
for that no man in their youth takerh any care of them to ſee them well brought up ; and taught
that were meet, This man alſo is a good proof to confirm ſome mens opinions : That a rare
and excellent wit untaught , doth bring forth many good and evill things rogether : as a fat ſoyl
that lyeth unmanured bringeth forth both herbs and weeds. For this Aſarrixs naturall wit and
great heart did marvellouſly ſtir up his courage to do and attempt notable acts. But on the
other fide.for lack of education , he was ſo cholerick and impatient, that he would yeeld to no li-
ving ereature : which made him churliſh, uncivill, and altogether unfit for any mans converſation,
Yet men marvelling much at his conſtancy,that he was never overcome with pleaſure , nor money ,
and how he would endure eafily all manner of pains and travels : thereupon they well liked and
commended his ſtoutneſs and remperancy. But for all that , they could not be acquainted with him,
as one Citizen uſeth to be with another in the City : his behaviour was fo unpleaſant ro them by rea-
ſon of a certain inſolent and ſtern manner he had, which becauſe he was too Lordly , was diſliked.
And to fay truly , the greateſt benefit that Learning bringeth unto men, is this : that it teacheth The benefit of
men that be rude and rough of ' nature, by compaſs and rule of reaſon, to be civill and courteous, carving,
and to like better the mean ſtate, then the higher. Now in thoſe days , valiantneſs was honoured Wn
in ROME, above all other verrues : which they called virtw , by the name of vertue it ſelf , as inclu- 0,
ding in that generall name, all other ſpeciali vertues beſides. So that virrs in the Latine, was as goniticrh,
much as valiantneſs. But Afarti being more inclined to the Wars, then any other Gentleman :
vf his time, began from his childhood to give himſelf tro handle Weapons, anddaily did exerciſe
himſelf therein : and he eſteemed ourward Armour to no purpoſe , unleſs one were natural-
ly armed within, Moreover , he did ſo exerciſe his body to hardneſs and all kind of activity,
that
\
—
EAVES IEG Var EI ng. oe Af ANT a TT rr Oo
44 eb.
a
” "i CO RIOLAN,VS.
GE Ennrnne
that he was very ſwift in running, ſtrong in wreſtling , and mighty in griping , ſo that no man could
ever caft him. Inſomuch as choſe rhac would try maſteries with him for ſtrength and nimbleneſs,
would ſay when they were ovexcome : tharall was by reaſon of his natmall ſtrength, and hardneſs
Coriolanus firlt of ve2rd, that never yeelded to any pain or toyl he took upon him. "The firft rime he wen to
going to Wars, 1. Wars, being but a ſtripling , was when T arquine ſurnamed the proud ( that had been King of
ROME , and wasdriven out for bis pride , after many attempts made by ſundry Bartels ro come in
again , wherein he was ever overcome ) did come to ROME with all the aid of the Lat1nes, and
many other People of IT a Ly : evenasit were to ſetup his whole reſt upon a Battell by them, who
with a great and mighty Army had undertaken to put him into his Kingdom again, not ſo much tg
pleaſure him , as to overthrow the power of the ROma ns , whole greatneſs they both feared and
envied. In this Battell , wherein were many hot and ſharp encounters of either party , Aarriu,
valiantly fought in the ſight of the Di#ator : and a Roman Souldier being thrown to the ground
even hard by bim , Marti ſtraight beſtrid him, and flew the Enemy with his own hands that had
before overthrown the Roman. Hereupon , after the Battell was won , the Di&:ztor did not
forget ſo noble ana , and therefore firſt of all he crowned {arti witha Garland of oaken boyghs,
Coriolanus For whoſoever ſayeth the life of a Roma x, itis a manner among them, to honour him with {uch
crowned with a Garland. This was, either becauſe the Law did this honour to the Oak, in. favour of the Arc a.
a garland of 11 4x5 , who by the Oracle of Apo/o were in old time called eaters of akorns : or elſe becauſe the
oaken boughs, © | 14iers might eaſily in every place come by oaken boughs : or laſtly, becauſe they thought ic very
neceſſary , to give him that had ſaved a Citizens life, a Crown of this Tree to honour him , being
properly dedicated ?upiter, the Patron and ProteQtor of Cities , and thought amongſt other
The goodneſs Wild Trees to bring forth a profitable Fruit and of Plants to be the ſtrongeſt. Moreover, men at
of the Oak, the firſt-beginning did uſe akorns for their bread , and honey for their drink : and further , the Oak
did feed their Beafts , and give them Birds, by taking glew from the Oaks , with the which they made
bird-limeto catch filly Birds, They ſay that Caſtor and Pollxx , appeared in this Battell, and that in-
continently after che Battell , men ſaw them in the Market-place at ROE , all their Horſes being on
a white foam: and they were the firſt” that brought news of the Victory , even in the ſame place ,
where remaineth at this preſent a Temple built in the honour of them , near unto the Fountain,
And this is the cauſe, why the day of this victory (which was the fifteenth of July ) is conſecrated
Too ſudden YET tO this day unto Caſtor and Pollax. Moreover it is daily ſeen, that honour and reputation light-
honour in —1ng on young men before theirgime , and before they have any great courage by nature, the deſire to
youth killeth win more dieth ſtraight in them , which eaſily happeneth, the ſame having no deep root in them
turther deſire pefgre. Where contrariwiſe , the firſt bonour that valiant minds do come unto , doth quicken up
of fame. heir appetite, haftning thera forward as with force of wind, to enterpriſe things of high deſerving
praiſe. For they eftcem not to receive reward for ſervice done , but rather take it for a remembrance
and encouragement, to make them do better in time to come -: and be aſhamed alſo ro caſt their ho-
nur at their heels, not ſeckmg to increaſe it ſtill by like deſert of worthy valiant deeds, This deſire
Coriolanus no- being bred in Martixe , he ftrained till ro paſs himfelf in manlineſs : and being deſirous to ſhew a
ble indeavour daily increaſe of his valiantneſs , his noble ſervice did ſtill advance his fame , bringing in ſpoyls up-
to continue gn ſpoyls from the Enemies. Whereupon , the Captains that came afterwards ( for envy of them
ell deſerving. that went before) did contend who ſhould moſt honour him , and who ſhould bear moſt honourable
teſtimony of his valiantneſs. Infomuch as the Romans having many Wars and Bartels in thoſe
days, Coriclayus was at them alb :; and there was net a Battell fought , from whence he returned not
with ſome reward of honour. And as for other, the onely reſpe& that made them valiant , was that
they hoped to have honour : but touching Xartizs , the onely thing that made him to love honour,
was the joy he ſaw his Mother did take of him, For he thought nothing made him ſo happy and ho-
nourable, as that his Mother might hear every body praiſe and commend him, that ſhe might al-
ways ſee him return with a Crown upon his head, and that ſhe might ſtill embrace him with tears
Coriolanus and running down her cheeks for joy - Which defire they ſay Epaminondas did avow and confeſs to
Epaminondss have been in him , as to think himſelf a moſt happy and bleſſed man , that his Father and Mo-
= —_ ther in their life time had ſeen the victory he wan in the plain of Leuctrts. Now as for
ene in. Epaminondas, he had this good hap , to have his Father and Mother livi , to be 'partakers of his
honour alike. =P 7 5 PC P (
The obedience joy and proſperity: but Aarti thinking all due to his Mother , that had been alſo due to his Fa-
of Coriolamns ther if he had lived , did not onely content himſelf to rejoyce and honour her , bur at her deſire rook
to his Mother. 4 Wife alſo, by whom he had two Children, and yet never left his Mothers houſe therefore. Now he
being grown to great credit and. authority in ROM for his valiantneſs , it fortuned there grew
ſedirion in the C ity , becauſe the Senate did favour the rich againſt the People , who did complain 0:
Extremity of the ſore oppreſſion of Uſurers , of whom they borrowed money. For thoſe that had little, were yer
uſury com- AfPoiled of tharlittle they had by their Creditors , fur lack of ability ro pay the Uſury : who offered
plained of at their Goods to be ſold to them that would givemoſt. And ſuch as had nothing left, their bodies were
Rome by the Jajd hold on, and they were made their Bondmen, notwithſtanding all the wounds and cuts they ſhew-
R_ ed , which they had received in many Battels, fighting for defence of their Countrey- and Common
wealth : of the which , the laſt War they made was againſt the SazyNs, wherein they fought
Counſellors upon the promiſe the rich men had made them , that from thenceforth they would intreat them more
promiſes make gently , and alſo upon the word of Mares Valerins chief of the Senate , who by Authority of
key "* the Council , and in the behalf of the rich , ſaid they ſhould perform that they had promiſed.
performance. Bur after that they had faithfully ſerved in this laſt Battell of all, where they overcame their _ ,
| eeing
= & ac oa md hte
_CORIOL ANUS. 187.
—
— -
ſeeins they were nevera whit the better , nor more gently intreated, and that the Senate would give
no ear to them, but made as though they had forgotten their former promiſe , and ſuffered them to Inoratitude,
be made Slaves and Bond-men to their Creditors , and beſides, to be turned out of all that ever they and good fer.
had : they fell then even to flat rebellion and muriny, and ro ſtir up dangerous tumults within the Cizy, vice unrewars
The Romans Enemies hearing of this rebellion, did ſtraight enter the Territories of Row with <p evoke
a marvellous great Power , ſpoiling and burning all as they came. Whereupon the Senate immedi- ©
ately made open Proclamation by ſound of Trumpet, That all thoſe that were of lawfull age to |
carry Weapon, ſhould come and enter their names into the Muſter-maſters Book , to go to the
Wars; but no man obeyed their commandment. Whereupon their chief Magiſtrates ; and many
of the Senate , began to be of divers opinions among themſelves, For ſomethought it was reaſon, they
ſhould ſomewhat yeeld to the poor Peoples requeſt , and that they ſhould a lirtle qualifie the ſeverity
of the Law. Other held bard againſt that opinion , and that was Martize for one. For he alledged, 9{4rtius Corto-
that the Creditours loſing their Money they had lent , was not the worſt thing that was herein : bur _ -
that the lenity that was favoured, was a beginning of diſobedience , and that the proud attempt ofthe * Wh
Commonalty , was to aboliſh Law, and to bring all to confuſton. Therefore he ſaid,it the Senate were
wiſe , they ſhould betimes prevent.and quench this ill favoured and worſe meant beginning. The Se- The People
nate met many days in conſultation about it : but in the end they concluded nothing. The poor leave the City
common People ſeeing no redreſs , gathered themſelves one day together , and one encouraging ano- _ 34"
ther, they all forſook the Ciry , and encamped themſelves upon a hill , called at that day the boly © OH
bill along the River of Tiber , offering no creature any hurt or violence, or making any ſhew of actu-
all rebell;on , ſaving that they cried as they went up and down, that the rich men had driven them our
of the City , and that throughourall IT aLy they might find air, water, and ground to bury them
in. Moreover they ſaid , to dwell at Rom was nothing elſe but to be lain, or hurt with continuall
Wars, and fighting for defence of the rich mens Goods, The Senate being afraid of their depar-
ture, did ſend unto them certain of the pleaſanteſt old men , and the moſt acceptable to the People
among them, Of thoſe Minenins Agrippa was he , who was ſent for chief man of the Meſſage
from the Senate, He after many perſwaſions and gentle requeſts made to the People, on the
behalf of the Senate, knit up his Oration in the end , with a notabletale, in this manner : That on 4" excellent
a time all the Members of mans body did rebell againſt the belly, complaining of ic , that it onely p— told by
remained in the midſt of the body , without doing any thing , neither did bear any labour to the revy = paci-
maintenance of the reſt : whereas all other parts and Members did labour painfully, and were very ke the People.
carefull to ſatisfie the appetites and deſires of the body. And fo the belly, all this notwithſtanding , |
laughed atrheir folly , and ſaid : It is true , 1 firſt receive all meats that nouriſh mans body : bur at-
terwards 1 ſend it again to the nouriſhment of other parts of the ſame. Even ſo ( quoth he ) O
you , my Maſters , and Citizens of Rows , the reafon is alike between the Senate and you. For
matters being well digeſted , and their counſels throughly examined , touching the benefit of the Com-
mon-wealth , the Senarors are cauſe of the common commodity that cometh unco every one of you.
Theſe perſwaſions pacified the People , conditionally, that the Senate would grant there ſhould be
yearly choſen five Magiſtrates , which they now call 7 ribani plebis , whoſe Office ſhould be to detend oinning of
the poor People from violence and oppreſſion, So Z#nixe Bratz , and Sicinine Velutus , were the Tribus; plebir.
firſt Tribunes of the People that were choſen , who had onely been the cauſers and procurers of this Fanivs Brutus,
ſedition. Hereupon the City being grown again to good quiet and unity , the People immediately $7144 Yet
went to the Wars, ſhewing that they had a good will todo better then ever they did , and to be © 5"5
very willing to obey the Magiſtrates in that they would command, concerning the Wars, Marti "Ty
alſo, thoughit liked him _ ſee the greatneſs of the People thus increaſed , conſidering it was
to the prejudice and imbaſing of the Nobility , and alſo ſaw that other noble Patrician: were troubled
as well as himſelf ; he did perſwade the Patricians, to ſhew themſelves no leſs forward and willing
to fight for their Countrey , then the common People were : and to let them know by their deeds
and aRts, that they did not ſo much paſs the People in power and riches , as they did exceed them in
true Nobility and valiantneſs, In the Countrey of the VoLsces, againſt whom the Roma ns
made War at that time , there was a principall Ciry of moſt fame , that was called Cox101ts,
before the which the Conſull Coms-5»: did lay fiege. Wherefore all the other Vo1sc#s fearing leſt The City of
that City ſhould be taken by affault , they came from all parts of the Countrey to fave ir, intending © _— _
to give the ROMANS battell before the City, and to give an onſet on them in two fſeverall places. 4 prog
The Conſul (ominizs underſtanding this , divided his Army alſo into two parts, and taking the one 1;us.
part withhimſelf, he marched towards them that were drawing to the City out of the Countrey :
and the other part of his Army he lefe in the Camp with 7irzs Latins ( one of the valianteſt men Tirius Latius,a
the Romans had atthattime) to reſiſt thoſe that would make any {alley out of the City upon valiant Koman.
them. So the Cox10LaNs making ſmall account of them that lay in Camp before the City,
made a Salley our upon them, in thewhich ar the firſt the Cor101 a x's had the better , and drave
the ROMANS back again into the Trenches of their Camp. But Aſarri»s being there at that time ,
running out of the Camp with a feiv men with him, he ſlew the firſt Enernies he mer withall , and made
the reſt of them ſtay upon the ſudden , crying out to the ROMA Ns that had turned their backs, and The property
—_ them again to fight with a loud voice. For he waseven ſuch another , as Cato would have a * ® $94ier,
Soul ier and a Captain to be , not onely terrible and fierce to lay abour him , but to make the Enemy
atraid with the ſound of his voyce , and grimneſs of his countenance. Then there flocked about him
immediately , a great number of ROMANS : Whereat the Enemies were ſo afraid , that they gave
R 2 back
The firſt be
—188 CORIOLANDS.
back preſently. But Aſartius not ſtaying ſo., did chaſe and follow them to their own Gares, that
fled for life. And there perceiving thatthe Rom a ns retired back , for the great number of Darts
and Arrows which flew about their ears from the Walls -of rhe 'City , and that there was norore
man amongſt them that durſt venture himſelf to follow the fiying Enemies imo their City , for that it
was full of men' of War , very well armed and appointed , he did encourage his fellows wich words
and deeds , crying out to them , that fortune had opened the Gares of the City , more for the follow.
ers then the flyers. But all this notwithſtanding , few had the hearts to follow him. Howbeit Ar.
tius being in the throng amongſt the Enemies , rhruſt himſelf into the Gares of the City , andentred
the ſame among them that fled , without that any one of them durſt at the firſt turn their face upon
him , or offer to ſtay him. But he looking about him , and ſecing he was entred the City wich very
few men to help him , and perceiving he was environefl by his Enemies that ous round about
ro ſet upon him , did things as it is written , wonderfull and incredible , alwell for the force of his
hand, as alſo for theagility of his body , and with a wonderfull courage and valiantneſs he made a
Jane throughthe midſt of them-, and overthrew alſo thoſe he layed at: that fome he made run 6
the furtheſt part of the Ciry , and other for fear he made yeeld themſelves , and to let fall their wea-
7 pons before him, By this means , Martine that was gotren'out , had ſome leiſure ro bring.the Ro-
The City " M A NS with more ſafety into the Ciry. The City being taken inthis ſort , the moſt part of the Soul.
— began incontinemtly to ſpoil , to carry away , and to look up the booty they bad won, Bur
Martius was marvellous angry with them, and cried out on them, hat it was no time now 10 look
afrer ſpoil, and to run ftragling here and there to enrich themſelves , whileſt the other Conſull and
their fellow Citizens peradventure were fighting with rheir Enemies : and how that leaving the ſpoil ,
they ſhould ſeek ro wind themſelves our of danger and perill. Howbeit , cry and ſay to them
what he could, very few of them would hearken ro him, Wherefore taking thole that willingly of.
fered themſelves to follow him, he went out of the City, and took his way towards that part, where
he underſtood the reſt of the Army was, exhorting and intreating them by the way that followed him,
not to be faint-hearted ; and oft holding up his hands to Heaven, be beſought the gods to be gracious
and favourable unto him , that he might come in time to the Batrell , and in a good hour to ha-
zard his life in defence of his Coumrey-men, Now the Romans when they were put im batted
ray , and ready to take their Targetson their arms, and to gird them upon their arming Coats , had
a cuſtom ro make their Wills at that very inſtant , without any manner of writing , naming him
Souldiers Te- onely whom they would make their Heir in the preſence of three or four Witneſſes. Marrins
Kaments, came juſt to that reckoning , whilſt the Souldiers were doing after that fort , and that the Eneinies
were approached ſo near, as oneftood in view of the other. When they ſaw him at his firſt co-
ming all bloody, and in a ſweat , and but with a few men following him : ſome thereupon began
to be afeard, But ſoon after , when they ſaw him run with a lively cheer ro the Conſull , and to
takehim by the hand , declaring how he had taken the Ciry of Cox101 xs, and that they ſaw the
Conſull Cominixs alſo kiſs and embrace him : rhen there was not a man but rook heart again to
him, and began to be of good courage , ſome hearing him report from point to point, the happy
ſucceſs of this Exploit, and other alſo conjeQuring it by ſeeing their geſtures afar off, Then they
all began to call upon the Conſull co march forward , and to delay no longer , butto give charge upon
the Enemy. ALartizs asked- him how the order of their Enemies Battel was, and on which fide
they had placed their beſt fighting men. The Conſull made him anſwer , chat he thought che Bands
which were in the vaward of their Batrell , were choſe of the Ant1aTzs , whom they eſteemed
ro be the warlikeft men , and which for valiant courage would give no place , ro any of the Hoſt of
By Coriolanus their Enemies, Then prayed Marti, to be (et direly againft them, The Conſul granted him,
means the greatly praiſing his courage. Then Aartizs, when both Armies came almoſt to joyn , advanced
" _— himſelf a good ſpace before his Company , and went fo fiercely to give charge on the vaward that
Batre, Came right againſt him, that they could ſtand no longer in his hands : he made ſuch a lanethrough
them , and opened a paſſage into the Battell of the Enemies. Bur the two Wings of either (ide tur-
ned one to the other, ro compaſs him in berween them : which the Conſull Commu perceiving,
he ſent thither ſtraight of the beft Souldiers he had about him. So the Battell was marvellous
bloudy about Aartix , and in a mw ſhort ſpace many were ſlain in the place. But in the end
the Romans were ſo ftrong , that they diſtreſſed the Fnemies , and brake their array : and fcat-
tering them , made them fly. Then they prayed Aarrime.that he would retire to the Camp , be-
cauſe they ſaw he was able to do no more , he was already ſo wearied with the great pain he had
taken, and ſo faint with the great wounds he had upon him. But Afayrti-s anſwered them, that
it was not for Conquerours to yeeld , nor to be faint-hearted : and thereupon began afreſh to chaſe
thoſe that fled , untill ſuch time as the Army of the Enemies was utterly overthrown, and numbets
of them lain and taken Priſoners. The next morning betimes ,- Martins went to the Conſull,
| , And the other Ronans with him. There the Conſull Cominixs going upto his Chair of Srate, in
_— = r_ the preſence of the whole Army , gave thanks to the gods for ſo great , glorious, and proſperous
goods a Vidtory : then he ſpake ro Marius , whoſe valiantneſs he commended beyond the Moon,
offered Mzrti- both for that he himſelf ſaw him do with hiseyes , as alſo for that 2ſarrixs had reported unto him.
us forreward Sg jn the end he willed Martizs, that he ſhould chooſe our of all the Horſes they had taken of
hs ne > "their Enemies , and of all their Goods they had won , (whereof there was great ſtore )
L of every ſort which he liked beſt , before any diftribution ſhould be made to other. Belids
he Conſull. |
Cn great honourable offer he had made him , he gave him in reftimony that he had won -
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—
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TAR.
U— ——— — — — ———————————————— _ _
— — — —
— —— —— —_— — _ —— ——————
_CORIOLANUS. | 189
day the price of proweſs above all other , a goodly Horſe with a Cappariſon , and all Furnittrero
him : which the whole Army beholding, did marvellouſly praiſe and commend. But Martins ſtep- Valiancy re=
ping forth , rold the Conſul, he moſt thankfully accepted the gift of his Horſe, and was a glad man warded with
befides ; that his ſervice had deſerved his Generals commendation : and as for his other offer , which m_—_ in the
was rather a mercenary reward, then an honourable recompence , he would have none of it , but ——_— ak
was contented to have his equall part with the other Souldiers. Onely this grace ( ſaid he) I crave anſwer and
and beſeech you to grant me : Among the VOLSCEs there is an old friend and Hoſt of mine, an zefuſal.
honeſt wealthy man , and now a Priſoner , who living before in great wealth in his own Countrey,
livech now a poor priſoner , in the hands of his Enemies : and yet notwithſtanding all this his miſery
and misfortune, it would do me great pleaſure'if I could ſave him from this one danger , ro keep him
from being ſold as a Slave. The Souldiers hearing Marrixs words , made a marvellous great ſhout
among them , and there were more that wondred at his great contentation and abſtinence, when they
ſaw 10 little coverouſneſs in him , then they were that highly praiſed and extolled his valiantneſs.
For even they themſelves that did ſomewhat malice and envy his glory , to ſeehim thus honoured and
paſlingly praiſed , did think him ſo much the more worthy of an honourable recompence for his va-
liant ſervice, as the more careleſly he refuſed the great offer made unto him for his profit : and they
eſteemed morethe vertue that was in him, that made him refuſe ſuch rewards, then that which made
them to be offered ro him, as unto a worthy perſon. For it is far more commendable , to uſe Ri-
ches well , then to be valiant : and yer it is better not to defire them then to uſe them well. After
this ſhout and noiſe of the Aſſembly was ſomewhat appeaſed , the Conſul Cominixs began to ſpeak
in this ſort, We cannot compell XMarrixs to take theſe Gifts we offer him if he will not receive
them , but we will give him ſuch a reward for thenoble ſervice he hath done, as he cannot refuſe, _
Therefore we do order and decree, that henceforth he be called Coriolanns , unleſs his valiant as _ lurna-
have won him that name before our nomination, And ſo ever ſince , he ſtill bare the third name of be Do _
Coriolanus. And thereby it appeareth that the firſt name the Romans have, as Cains, was as full -
our Chriſtian namenow. The ſecond, as Martims, was the name of the Houſe and Family they came How the Rs-
6f, The third, was ſome addition given , either for ſome a or notable ſervice, or for ſome mark 4% came to
on their face , or of ſome ſhape of their body , or elſe for ſome ſpeciall vertue they had. Even ſo did have three
names.
the Gxec1ans in old time give additions to Princes , by reaſon of ſome notable a& worthy me- Why the Gre-
moty. As when they have called ſome, Sorey and Callinices , as much to ſay as Saviour and Conque- cienr gave *
ror. Or elſe of ſome notable apparent mark on ones face, or on his body ; they have called him Kings fur-
Pliſcon and Grypos : as ye would ſay, gorebelly , and hook-noſed , or elſe for ſome vertue, as Ex.
ergetes, and Philadelphes , towit, 4 BenefaRtour, and lover of his brethren, Or otherwiſe for ones
reat felicity , as Endemon : as much to ſay , as fortunate, For ſo was the ſecond of the *Barres «71.6. 1
urnamed. And ſome Kings have had ſurnames of jeſt and nyockery, As one of the Axtivones that the Princes
was called Doſon , to ſay , the Giver : who wasever promiſing, and never giving. And one of the that built the
Prolomers was called Lamyros : to ſay , conceitive, The ROMANs uſe more then any other Nati- City of Cy-
on, to give names of mockery in this ſort, As there was one Merelln; ſurnamed Diademarus , the yo _.
banded , becauſe he carried a band about his head of long time , by reaſon of a ſore he had in his n————_—
forehead. One other of his own family was called Celer, the quick Flie , becauſe a few days after mong the
the death of his Father , he ſhewed the People the cruell fight of fencers at unrebated Swords,which Komans.
they found wonderfull for the ſhortneſs of time. Other had their Surnames derived of ſome acci-
dent at their birth. As to this day they call him Procyleixs , that is born , his Father being in ſome
far voyage : and him Poſthum;xs, that is born after the death of his Father, And when of two Bre-
thren twins , the one doth die , and che other ſurviveth : they call the (urviver Vopiſcu#s, Sometimes
alſo they give ſurnames derived of ſome mark or misfortune of che body : as Sy1/a, to ſay, crooked
noſed : Niger, black: Rufus, red: Cecms, blind, Clandns, lame. Th Lid wiſely in this thing
to accuſtome men to think , that neither the loſs of their ſight , nor other Gach misfortunes as ma
chance romen, are any ſhame or diſgrace unto them , bur the manner was to anſwer boldly to fuck
names , as if they were called by their proper names. Howbeit theſe matters would be better ampli-
fied in other ſtories then this. Now when this war was ended , the flatterers of the People began
to ſtir up ſeditionagain , without any new occaſion , or juſt matter offered of complaint. For they $edition at
did ground this ſecond inſurrection againſt the Nobility and Patricians, upon the Peoples miſery and Rome by rea-
misfortune, that could not but fall out , by reaſon of the former diſcord and ſedition between them fon of famine,
and the Nobility. Becauſe the moſt part of the arable Land within the Territory of Rome, was be-
come heathy and barren for lack of ploughing , for that they had no time nor mean to cauſe Cornto
be brought them out of other Countreys to ſow, by reaſon of their Wars which made the extream
dearth they had among them. Now thoſe buſie pratlers that ſought the Peoples good will by ſ1:5h flar-
tering words , perceiving great ſcarcity of Corn to be within the City , and though there had been
plenty enough., yet the common People had no money to buy it : they ſpread abroad falſe tales and
rumours againſt the Nobility, that they in revenge of the People, had practiſed and procured the ex-
tream dearth among them. Furthermore , in the midſt of this ſtir, there came Ambaſſadours ro Ro
from the City of VEL1TREs , that offered up their City to the Romans , and prayed them they -
would ſend new Inhabitants to repleniſh the ſame: becauſe the plague had been fo extream among thern,
and had killed ſuch a number of them , as there was not left alive the centh perſon of the people that had
been there before. So the wiſe men of RO = began to think, that the neceffity of the V=L1TRIA xs
fell out in a moſt happy hour, & bow by this occaſion it was very meet in ſo great a ſcarcity of vituals,
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190 CORIOLAN,US.
ro disburden Rows of a great number of Citizens : and by this means as well to take away this new
ſedition, and urterly to rid it out of the City, as alſo to clear the ſame of many mutinous and ſedi-
7clirres made tious perſons , being the ſuperfluous ill bumours that grievoully fed this diſeaſe. Hereupon the Con-
a Colony to ſuls prickt out all thoſe by a Bill , whom they intended ro ſend to VELITRES , to go dwell there as
2ome- aiſ-s in form of a Colony : and they levied ourall the reſt that remained in the City of Rowe , a greac
wo practiles : n , f
*0 remove the Rumber to go againſt the VoLSCES , hoping by the mean of foraign War , to pacifie their
ſedirion at fedition at home. Moreover they imagined , when the poor with the rich , and the mean ſort with
Rome. the Nobility , ſhould by this device be abroad in the Wars, and in one Camp, and in one Service,
—_ and in one like danger : that then they would be more quierand loving together. But S5c;nims and
__» Bs Brutus , two ſeditious Tribunes, ſpake againſt either of theſe devices, and cried out upon the Noble.
People, againſt men , that under the gentle name of a Colony , they would cloak and cover the moſt cruell and un-
| both thoſe de- naturall fat as might be : becauſe they ſent their poor Citizens into a ſore infeted City and peſti-
VICES, lent air, full of dead bodies unburied , and there alſo ro dwell under the tuition of a ſtrange god, that
had ſo cruelly perſecuted his People. This were ( ſaid they ) even as much, as if the Senate ſhould
headlong caſt down the People into a moſt bottomleſs pit. And are not yet contented to have fa-
miſhed ſome of the poor Citizens heretofore to death , and to put other of them even to the mercy
of the plague :_ but atreſh they have procured a voluntary War , to the end they would leave be-
hind no kind of miſery andill, wherewith the poor filly People ſhould not be plagued, and onely
becauſe they are weary to ſerve the rich. The common People being ſet on a broile and bravery with
theſe words, would not appear when the Conſuls called their names by a Bill , to preſs them for the
Wars , neither would they be ſent out to this new Colony : inſomuch as the Senate knew not well
what to ſay, or todo in the matter. Afartizs then, who was now grown to great credit , and a ſtour
man beſides, and of great reputation with the nobleſt men of Rox, roſe up, and openly ſpake
Coriolanus of. againſt theſe flattering Tribunes. And for the repleniſhing of the City of VeLiTtREs , he did
fendeth the compell thoſe that were choſen to go thither , and to depart the Ciry , upon great penalties to him
People. that ſhould diſobey : but to the Wars , the People by no means would be brought or conſtrained,
Coriolanus in- $0 Martins taking his friends and followers with him , and ſuch as be could by fair words intreat to
vadeththe go with him, did run certain forreys into the Dominion of the ANT1ATEs , where he met with
Antiatcs, and. oreat plenty of Corn , and had a marvellous great ſpoil, as well of Cattell as of men he had taken
ov ekes; Priſoners, whom he brought away with him , and reſerved nothing for himſelf, Afterwards, ha.
hy * ving brought back again all his men that went out with him , ſafe and ſound to Rows , and every
man rich and loaden with ſpoil : then the home-tarriers and houſe-doves that kept Roms till, be-
gan to repent them that it was not their hap to go with him, and ſo envied both them that had ſped
io well in this journey, and alſo of malice to Martizs , they ſpited to fee his credit and eſtimation
increaſe ſtill more and more , becauſe they accounted him to be a great hinderer of the People. Shortly
after this, Martixs ſtood for the Conſulſhip : and the common People favoured his ſute , thinking
it would be a ſhame to them to deny and refuſe the chiefeft Nobleman of bloud , and moſt worthy
perſon of Rows , and ſpecially him that had done ſo great ſervice and good to the Common-wealth,
The manner For the cuſtom of ROME wasat that time , that ſuch as did ſue for any Office , ſhould for certain
fag. = days before be in the Market-place , onely with a poor gown on their backs , and .without any
a a Coat underneath, to pray the Citizens to remember them at theday of eleRtion : which wasthus
| Whereupon dqeyiſed , either to move the People the more} by requeſting them in ſuch mean Apparell, or elſe be-
7 weans of they might ſhewthem their wounds they had gotten in the Wars in the ſervice of the Com-
uing Was fo - X : "x"
deviſed. mon-wealth , as manifeſt marks and teſtimonies of their valiantneſs. Now it is not to bethought,
that the ſuters went thus looſe ina ſimple Gown in the Market-place , without any Coat under it,
Offices given for fear , and ſuſpition of the common People : for Offices of dignity in the City were not then gi-
then by deſert, yen by favour or corruption. It was but of late time, and long after this , that buying and ſelling
apes _—_ fel] out inele&ion. of Officers , and that the voyces of the Eleftors were bought for money. But at-
pm ter corruption had once gotten way into the election of Offices, it hath run from man to man, even
to the very ſentence of Judges, and alſo among Captains in the Wars : ſoasin the end, that onely
- turned Common-wealths- into Kingdoms, by making Armes ſubject to Money. Therefore methinks
Banquets and be had reaſon that ſaid : He that firſt made Banquets, and gave Money to the common People, was
money given, the firſt that took away Authority , and deſtroyed Common-wealths. But this Peſtilence crept in
onely deltroy= by little and1ittle, and did ſecretly win ground till , continuing a long time in Row , beforeit
— was openly known and diſcovered. For no man can tell who was the firſt man that bought the Peo-
Anytus the 4- Ples voices for Money , nor that corrupted the ſentence of the Judges. Howbeit at ATHzNs ſome
thenian,th: firſt hold opinion , that Anyras , the Son of Anthemion, was the firit that fed the Judges with Money,
that with mo- about the end of the Wars of PELOPONNESUs , being accuſed of Treaſan for yeelding up the
rd CODEN Fort of PyLE at that time , when the golden and unfoiled age remained yet whole in judgement at
the Judge, ang ROME. Now Aarti following this cuſtom, ſhewed many wounds and cuts upon bis body, which
voices of the he had received in ſeventeen years ſervice at the Wars , and in many ſundry Bartels , being ever
People. the foremoſt man that did ſer out feet to fight. So that there was not a man among the People , but
was aſhamed of himſelf, to refuſe ſo valiant a man : and one of them ſaid to another , we muſt needs
chooſe him Conſul , there is no remedy. But when the day ofeleQtion was come, and that Aarti
came to the Market-place with great pomp, accompanied with -all the Senate and the whole Nobility
of the City about him, who ſought to make him Conſul , with the greateſt inſtance and intreaty they
could, or eyer attempted for any man or matter : then the love and good will of the common dner)
| turne
— = JAIL D_ OO O—
CORIOLANDUS.
Ee
— _— ———
rurned ſtraight to. an hate and envie toward him , fearing to put this Office of Soveraign Authority
ed
into his hands , being a man ſomewhat parriall towards the Nobility , and of great credit and Autho- See the fickle
rity amongſt the Parricians , and as one they might doubt would take away altogether the liberty minds of com-
from the People. Whereupon for theſe conſiderations, they refuſed 2ſarriwe. in the end , and made 23 People,
two other that were Suters, Conſuls, The Senate being marvellouſly offended with the People , did
account the ſhame of this refuſall , rather to redound to. themſelves then to Martizxe : but Martixs
cook it in far worſe partthen the Senate, and was out of all patience. For he was a man too full of
paſſion and choler , and roo much given over to ſelf-will and opinion, as one of a high mind and
great courage , that lacked the gravity and affability that is gotgen with judgement of Learning and
and chat remembred not how wil-
fulneſs is the thing of the World , which a Governour of a Common-wealth for pleaſing ſhould
reafon, which onely is-to be looked for ina Governor of State :
ſhun , being that which P1azo called ſolitarineſs, Asin theend , all men that are wilfully given to The fruits cf
a ſelf-opinion and obſtinate mind , and who will never yeeld to others reaſon 5 but to their own , re- ſelf-will and
main without company , and forſaken of all men. 'For a man that will live inthe world, muſt needs bitinacy,
have patience, which luſty blouds make but a mock at, So Marrixu being a ſtout man of nature ,
that never yeelded in any reſpe& , as one thinking that to overcome always, and to have the upper-
hand in all matters, was a token of a magnanimity , and of no baſeand taint courage, which ſpitterh
out anger from the moſt weak and pailionate part of the heart , much like the matter of an impoſt-
bume : went home to his houle, full traighted with ſpite and malice againſt the People, being accompa-
nied with all the luſtieſt young Gentlemen , whole minds were nobly bent, as thoſe that came of noble
race, and commonly uled for to follow and honour him, Bur then ſpecially-they flockt about him,and
kept him company to his much harm , for they did but kindle and inflame his choler more and more,
being ſorry with him for the injury the People offered him, becauſe he was their Captain and Leader
rothe Wars, that taught them- all Martiall Diſcipline , and Rirred upin them a noble emulation of
honour and valiantneſs , and yet without envy, praiſing them that deſerved beſt. Inthemean ſeaſon,
there came great plenty of Corn to Rome , that had been bought , part in IT aLy , and part was Great ſtore of
ſent our of S1c11+, as given by-Gelon the Tyrant of SyRAcusa : ſo that many ftood in great
hope , that the dearth of ViRuals being holpen , the civil difſention would'alſoceaſe, The Senate
ſate in Cguncil upon it immediately. , the common People ſtood alſo about the Palace where the
Council was kept , gaping what reſolution would fall out : perſwading themſelves that the Corn they
had bought ſhould be ſold good cheap, and that which was given ſhould be divided by the poll,with-
out paying any penny, and the rather , becauſe certain of the Senators amongſt them did ſo-wiſh and
per{wade the ſame, © But Martins ſtanding upon his feet , did ſomewhat ſharply take up thoſe who
Corn brought
Coriolanus O-
ration againſt
<< went about to gratifie the People therein: and called them People-pleaſtrs, and Traytors to the the Inſolency
© Nobility. Moreover he faid , they nouriſhed againſt themſelves , thenaughty ſeed and cockle of of the People.
*< inſolency and ſedition , which had been ſowed and ſcattered abroad amongſt the People , which they
& ſhould have cut off, it they had been wiſe, in their growth: and not (to their own deftruRion )
<« have ſuffered the People, roeſtabliſh a Magiſtrate for themſelves, of ſo great Power and Autho-
«< rity , as that man had, to whom they had granted it. Who was alſo to be feared , becauſe he ob-
© tained what he would , and did nothing burwhat he liſted , neither paſſed for any- obedience to the
& Conſuls, but lived inall liberty, acknowledging.no ſuperiour to command him , ſaving the onely
© heads and authors of their faction , whom be called his Magiſtrates. Therefore ſaid he , they that
_ & save counſell , and perſwaded that the Corn ſhould be given our to the common People grate , as
© they. uſed to do in the Cities of GR BEc E,where the People had more abſolute Power, did but onely
*© nouriſh their diſobedience , which would break out in the end, to the utter ruine and overthrow of
© the whole State, For they will not think it isdone in recompence of their ſervice paſt , ſithence they
« know well enough they have ſo oft refuſed to go to the Wars , when they werecommanded : nei-
* ther for their mutinies when they went with us, whereby they have rebelled and forſaken their
<* Countrey : neither for their accuſations which their fatterers have preferred unto them , and they
* have received, and made good againſt the Senate : bur they will rather judge, we give and grant
**them this, as abafing our ſelves, and ſtanding in fear of them , and glad to 7 6 them every way.
* By this means their diſobedience will ſtill grow worſe and worſe : and they will never leave to
© practiſe new edition and uproars. Therefore it were a great folly for us , merhinks, to do it : yea,
*{hall I ſay more? we ſhould if we were wiſe, take from them their Tribuneſhip , which moſt ma-
**nifeſtly is che embaſing of the Conſulſhip, and the cauſe of the diviſion of the Ciry. The tate
*© whereof as it ſtandeth , isnot now as it was wont to be, but becometh diſmembred in two factions,
** which" maintains- always civil diſſention and diſcord betweenus, and will never ſuffer us again to
* be united into one body. Aarti dilating the matter with many ſuch like reaſons, won all the
young men , and almoſt all therich men to his opinion : inſomuch as they rang ir out , that he was the
onely man, and alone in the Ciry, who ſtood our againſt the People, and never flattered them. There
were onely a few old men that ipake againſt him , fearing leſt ſome miſchief might fall our upon it,
as indeed there followed no great good afterward. For the Tribunes' of the People being preſent ar
this conſultation of the Senate , when they ſaw that the opinion of Marrixs was confirmed with
the- more voices , they left the Senate , and went down to the People , crring out for help, and
that they. would affemble to. ſave their Tribunes. Hereupon the People ran on head in tumult Sediticn ar
together, before whom the words that Martins ſpake in the Senate were openly reported : which Rome for Co-
the- People ſo ſtomacked , that even in thas fury they were ready ro flie upon the whole Senate riolantg,
Bur”
mm . CORIOLUNUS.
But the Tribunes laid all the fault and burthen wholly upon Aartizs, and ſent their Serjeants forth-
with to arreſt him , preſently to appear in perſon before the People , to anſwer the words he had ſpo-
ken inthe Senate. Aartixs ſtoutly withſtood theſe Officers that came to arreſt him, + Then the Tri-
bunes in their own perſons, accompanied with the Adiles , went to fetch him by force, and ſo laid
violent hands upon him. Howbeitthe noble Patricians gathering together about him, made the
Tribunes give back , and laid ſore upon the Adiles ; ſo for that time, the night parted them, and the
rumult appeaſed. The next morning betimes , the Conſuls ſeeing the People in an uproar, running
ro the Market-place out of all parts of the City , they were afraid leſt all the Ciry would together by
the ears : wherefore aſſembling the Senate in all hafte , they declared how it ſtood them upon, to
appeaſe the fury of the People, with ſome gentle words , or gratefull Decrees in their favour : and
moreover, like wiſe men they ſhould conſider , it was now no time to ſtand at defence and in conten.-
tion, nor yetto fight for honour againſt the Commonalty , they being fallen to ſo great an extremuy,
and offering ſuch imminent danger. Wherefore they were to conſider temperately of things , and to
deliver ſome preſent and gentle pacification, The moſt part of the Senators that were preſent at this
Council , thought this opinion beſt, and gave their conſents unto it. Whereupon the Conſuls riſing
out of Council , went to ſpeak unto the People as gently as they could , and they did pacifte their
fury and anger, purging the Senate of all the unjuſt accuſations laid upon them ; and uſed great mo-
defty in fon nk fu , andalſo in reproving the faults they had committed. And as for the reſt,
that touched the ſale of Corn, they promiſed thereſhould be no diſliking oftered them in the price.
So the moſt part of the People __ pacified , and appearing ſo plainly by the great filence that was
among them, as yeelding to the Conſuls , and liking well of their words : the Tribunes then of the
People roſe out of their ſeats, and ſaid: Foraſmuch as the Senate. yeelded unto reaſon, the People
alſo for their part, as became them, did likewiſe give place unto them : but notwithſtanding, they
Articles a> Would that Martixs ſhould comein perſon to anſwer to the articles they had devifed. Firſt, whe-
oainſt Corjola- ther he had yot ſolicited and procured the Senate to change the preſent ſtate of the Common-weal ,
wu, and to take the Soveraign Authority out of the Peoples hands, Next , when he was ſent for by
Authority of their Officers, why he did contemptuouſly refift and diſobey, Laſtly, ſeeing he had
driven and beaten the Adiles into the Market-place before all the World : if in doing this , he had
not done as much as in him lay) to raiſe Civil Wars, and to ſet one Citizen againſt angther, All
this was ſpoken to one of theſe two ends , either that Aſarti«« againſt his nature ſhould be conſtrained
to humble himſelf, and to abaſe his haughry and fierce mind - or elſe if he continued till in his
ſtoutneſs , he ſhould incur the Peoples diſpleaſure and ill will ſo far, that he ſhould never poſli-
bly win them again, Which they hoped would rather fall out ſo, thyn otherwiſe : as indeed they
gueſſed unhappily , confidering Martixs nature and diſpoſition, So Aſarrizs came and preſented
himſelf to anſwer their Accuſations againſt him , and the People held their peace, and gave attentive
Coriolatins Ear > to hear what he would ſay. But where they thought ro have heard very humble and lowly
ſtoutneſs in words come from him , he began not onely to uſe his wonted boldneſs of ſpeaking ( which of it ſelf
defence of was very rough and unpleaſant, and did more aggravate his accuſation , then purge his innocency)
himlels, but alſogave himſelf in his words to thunder , and look therewithall ſo grimly, as though he made
no reckoning of the matter, This ſtirred coals among the People , who were in wonderfull fury at
it, and their hate and malice grew ſo toward him, that they could hold no longer , bear , nor indure
his bravery and careleſs boldneſs. Whereupon Siciniu , the cruelleſt and ſtouteſt of the Tribunes ,
after he had whiſpered a little with his companions, did openly pronounce in the face of all the People,
Siciniusthe AAartixs as condemned by the Tribunes to die. Then preſently he commanded the Adiles to appre-
Tribune , pro- hend him, and carry him ftraight to the Rock Tarpeian, and to caft him headlong down the ſame.
nounceth fen- When the Z£diles came to lay hands upon Martins to do that they were co ed, divers ofthe
OE death People themſelves thought it too cruell and violent a deed, The Noblemen being much troubled to
pete rene ſee ſo much force and rigour uſed ,- began to crie aloud ; Help Aarti : ſo thoſe that laid hands on
him being repulſed, they compaſſed him in round among themſelves, and ſome of them holding up
their hands to the People, beſought them not to handle him thus cruelly. But neither their words
nor crying out could ought prevail , the tumult and hurly burly was ſo great, untill ſuch time
as the Tribunes own friends and kinſmen weighing with themſelves the impoſſibility to convey
Martins to execution , without great ſlanghter and murder of the Nobility : did perſwade and
adviſe not to proceed in ſo violent and extraordinary a ſort, as to put ſuch a man todeath, with-
out lawfull proceſs in Law , but that they ſhould refer the ſentence of his death , to the free
voyce of the People. Then Sicinius bethinking himſelf a little, did ask the Þ atricians for what
cauſe they took arti out of the Officers hands that went to do execution ?. The Patricians al-
ked him again , why they would of themſelves ſo cruelly and wickedly put to death, ſo noble and
valiant a ROMAN as Aarting was , and that without Law and Juſtice > Well then , ſaid $5ci-1%,
if that be the matter , ler there be no quarrell or difſention againſt the People : for they do grant
your demand, that his Cauſe ſhould be heard according to the Law, .Therefore , ſaid he to
Corio/anurhath A{,qrt;us , we do will and charge you to appear before the People, the third day of our nex!
a day OR fitting and aſſembly here , to make your purgation for ſuch Articles as ſhall be obje&ted againſt
DH you, thatby free voyce the People may give ſentence upon you as ſhall pleaſe them. The Noble-
P-ople, you, y J k YS y P
men were glad then of the adjournment , and were much pleaſed or had gotten A artias out of
this danger, In the mean fffice, before the third day of their next Seſſion came about, the ſame be-
ing keptevery ninth day continually at Ros , whereupon they call ic now in Latine , Momſen
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194 CORIOLA NUS. |
accompanied with a great number of Þ atriciaxs , that brought him thither , from-whence he weni
on his way with three or four of his friends onely , taking nothing with him , nor requeſting any
thing of any man. Sohe remained a few days in the Countrey at his houſes, turmoyled with ſundry
ſorts and kinds of thoughts, ſuch as the fire of his choler did ftir up. In the end ſeeing he could re-
ſolve no way , to take a profitable or honourable courſe, but onely was pricked forward till to be re-
venged of the ROMa ns : he thoughtto raiſe up ſome great Wars againſt them, by their neereſt
neighbours. Whereupon he thought it his beſt Way's firſt to ſtir up the VOLsce s againſt them ,
knowing they were yet able enough in ſtrength niches to encounter them , notwithſtanding their
former loſſes they had received not long before , and that their power was not ſo much impaired, as
Tullus Aufidius their malice and defire was increaſed to be revenged of the Romans. Now in the City of Ax.
a great perſon T1UM , there was one called 7 »llus eAufidius , who for his riches, as alſo for his nobility and vali.
among the antneſs was honoured among the VOLsCEs as a King. Martine knew very well that Tulwu did
volſces. more malice and envy him then he did all the Romans beſides : becauſe that many times in Battels
where they met , they were ever at theencounter one againſt another, like luſty couragious youths ,
ſtriving in all emulation of Honour , and had encountred many times together. Infomuch as be-
ſides the common quarrell between them , there was bred a marvellous private hate one” againſt
another. Yet notwithſtanſting , conſidering that T»l/ws A»fidins was a man of a great mind,
and that he above all other of the VoLscts moſt deſired revenge of the Romans, for the in-
juries they had done unto them : he did an act that confirmed the words of an ancient -Poet to be true,
who ſaid -
mm
It is a thing full hard , mans anger towithſtand ,
If it be Tiny bent ts take an enterpriſe in hand,
For then moſt men Will bave the thing that they deſire ,
Althoughit coſt their lives therefore, ſuch force hath wicked ire.
And ſo did he. For he diſguiſed himſelf in ſuch array and attire , as he thought no man could ever
have known him for the perſon he was , ſeeing him in that apparell he had upon his back : and «s
Homer ſaid of Ulyſſes :
So did he enter into the Enemies Town,
Corjolanus diſ- Tt; yyas even twi-light when he entred the City of ANT rum , and many People met him in the ſtreets ,
guiſed, | but no man knew him. So be went dire&ly to Ts Axfidius houſe , and when he came thither, he
City of th: got him up ſtraight to the chimney hearth , and ſatehim down, and ſpake not a word to any man, his
Volſces. face all muffled over, They of the houſe ſpying him , wondred what he ſhould be, and yet they durſt
fot bid him riſe, For illfavouredly muffled and diſguiſed as he was , yet there appeared a certain Ma-
jeſty in his countenance, and in his ſilence : whereupon they went to 7#/*s who was at ſupper, totell
him of the ſtrange diſguiſing of this man. 7*/ws roſe preſently from the board, and coming towards
him, asked him what he was, and wherefore he came. Then Martixs unmutlled himſelf , and after he
had pawſcd a while, making no anſwer , he ſaid unto himſelf, If thou knoweſt me nor yet, Ts, and
ſeeing me, doeſt not perhaps believe me to'be the man I am indeed , I muſt of neceſtiry bewray my
ſelfto be that Iam. ** 1 am Caizs Martins , who hath done to thy ſelf particularly , and to all the
nn « VOLScEs generally , gyeat hurt and miſchief , which Icannot deny for my ſurname of Corjolanns
tar Anfidine " © that I bear, For I never had other benefit nor recompence of the true and painfull ſervice I have
* «« done, and the extreamdangers 1 have been in, but this onely.ſurname : a good memory and wit-
&© neſs of the malice and diſpleaſure thou ſhouldeſt bear me. Indeed the name onely remaineth with
*© me: forthe reſt, theenvy and cruelty of the People of Rome have taken from me, by the ſuf-
< ferance of the daſtardly Nobility and Magiſtrates , who have forſaken me, and let me be baniſhed
&« by the People. This extremity hath now driven me to come as a poor ſuter , to take thy chimney
& hearth , not of any hope I have to ſave my life thereby. For if I had feared death , 1 would not
& have come hither to have put my ſelf in hazard : but prickt forward with deſire to be revenged of
© them that thus have baniſhed me , which now I do begin , in putting my perſon into the hands of
&« their Enemies. Wherefore ifthou haſt any heart to be wrecked of the injuries thy Enemies have
*« done thee, ſpeed theenow , and let my miſery ſerve thy turn , and ſo uſe it ; as my ſervice may be
<« 2 benefit tothe VOL S cEs : promiſing thee , that I will fight with better good will for all you,
* then I did when I was againſt you, knowing that they fight more valiantly , who know the force
&« of the Enemy, then ſuch as have never proved it. And if it be fo that thou dare nor, and that thou
& art weary to prove fortune any more, then am I alſo weary to live any longer. And it were no
& wiſdom 1n thee , to ſave the life of him , who hath been heretofore thy mortall Enemy , and whoſe
© ſervice now can nothing help nor pleaſure thee, Tx//»s hearing what he ſaid , was a marvellous
glad man, and taking him by the hand, he ſaid unto him: Stand up , O eMartiws , and be of good
chear , for in proffering thy ſelf unto us , thou doeft us great honour : and by this means thou maiſt
hope alſo of greater things at all the VoLscts hands. $0 he feafted him for that time, and enter-
rained himin the honourableſt manner he could, talking with him of no other matter at that preſent -
bur within few days after, they fel] to conſultation together in what ſort they ſhould begin their
Wars. Now on the other fide, the City of Rows was in marvellous uproar and diſcord, the
Great difſ&n- Nobility againſt the Commonalty , and chiefly for eartius condemnation and baniſhment. More-
tion at Rome Over the Prieſts, the Soothſayers , and private men alſo, came and declared to the Senate certain
about Marius ſights and wonders in the air, which they had ſeen, and were to be conſidered of : amongſt the
baniſhment, Mich ſuch a Viſion happened ; There was a Citizen of Roms called Tirw Latinus, a man of
mean
CORIOLANUS.
er mos
—
— —
mean quality and condition, but otherwiſe an honeſt ſober man, given to a quiet life , without ſuper-
ſtition, and much leſs ro vanity or lying. This man had a viſion in his dream , in the which he
thought that Jupiter appeared unto him , and commanded him to fignifie to the Senate, that they
had cauſed a very vile lewd dancer to go before the Proceſlion : and faid , the firſt time this Viſion
bad appeared unto him, he made no reckoning of it : and coming again another time in his mind,
he made not much more account of the matter then before, In the end , he ſaw one of his Sons
die , who had the beſt narure and condition of all his brethren : and ſuddenly he himſelf was ſo taken
in all his limbs, that he became lame and impotent, Hereupon he told the whole circumſtance of
this Viſion before che Senate , firtingupon his little Couch or bed , whereon he was carried on mens
arms : and he had no ſooner reported this Viſion to the Senate, but he preſently felt his body and
limbs reſtored again to their tormer ſtrength and uſe. So raiſing up himſelf upon his Couch , he
got upon his feer at that inſtant, and walked home to his houſe , without help of any man. The
Senate being amazed at this matter , made diligent enquiry to underſtand the truth : and in the end
they found there was ſuch a thing : There was one that had delivered a Bondman of his that had of-
fended him , into the hands of other Slaves and Bondmen, and had commanded thent ro whip him
up and down the Markert-place , and afterwards to kill him : and as they had him in execution, whip-
ping hira cruelly , = did ſo martyr the poor wretch, that for the cruel] ſmart and pain he feir,
he turned and writhed his body in ſtrange and pitifull fort, The Proceſſion by chance came by even
at the ſame time , and many that followed it , were heartily moved and offended with the fight, ſay-
ing : that it was no good fight to behold, nor meer to be met in Proceflion time. Bur for all this,
there was nothing done : ſaving they blamed and rebuked him that puniſhed his Slave ſo cruelly. tor
the ROMANS at that time , did uſe their Bondmen very gently , becauſe they themſelves did labour
with their own hands , and lived with them and among them : and therefore they did uſe them the
more gently and familiarly. For the greateſt puniſhment they gave a ſlave that had offended, was
this. They made him carry a limmer on his ſhoulders that is ta to the Axeltree of a Coach , Ihe Romans
and compelled him to go up and down in that ſort amongft all their Neighbours. He that had once m——_
abidden this puniſhment, and was ſeen in that manner , was proclaimed and cried in every Markets mow, bee
Town : ſo that no man would ever truft him after , and they called him F#rcifer, becanſe the La- Whereof Fur-
TINES call the Wood that runneth into the Axeltree of the Coach, Fxyca, as much to ſay, as a iſer came.
Fork. Now when Latin«s had made report to the Senate ofthe Viſion that had happened to him .
they were deviſing whom this unpleaſant dancer ſhould be, that went before the Proceſſion. There-
upon certain that ſtood by, remembred the poor Slave that was fo cruelly whipped through the
Market-place , whom they afterwards put rodeath : and the thing that made him remember it, was
the ſtrange and rare manner of his puniſhment. The Prieſts hereupon were repaired unto for their
advice ; they were wholly of opinion , that it was the whipping of the Slave, So they cauſed the
Slaves Maſter to be puniſhed, and began again a new Proceſlion, and all other Shews and Sights
in honour of J«picer. But hereby appeareth plainly , how King N*ma did wiſely ordain all other
Ceremonies concerning devotion to the gods , and ſpecially his cuſtom which he eſtabliſhed, ro
bring the People to Religion. For when the Magiſtrates, Biſhops , Prieſts , or other religious A Ceremony
Miniſters go about any Divine Service, or matter of Religion, an Herauld ever goeth before them, inſtituted by
crying out aloud, Hoc age : as to ſay, dothis, or mind this. Hereby they are ſpecially comman.. V'"s, Numes _
ded, wholly to diſpoſe themſelyes to ſerve God , leaving all other buſineſs and matters afide : know- — _
ing well enough , that whatſoever moſt mendo, they doit as in a manner conſtrained unto ir, But *
the ROMANS did ever ule to begin again their Sacrifices , Proceſſions , Playes , and ſuch like
Shews , done in honour of the gods , not onely upon ſuch an occaſion , but upon lighter cauſes then
that. As when they went on Proceſſion through the City , and did carry the Images of their gods,
and ſuch other like holy Reliques upon open hollowed Couches or Chariots , called in Latine T he-- The ſuverſtiti-
{2 : one of the Coach-horſes that drew them ſtood till , and would draw no more: and becauſe alſo —_ Oe Ro-
the Coach-man took the rains of the bridle with the left hand , they ordained that the Proceſ- mans Then{.
ſion ſhould be begun again anew. Of late time alſo, they did renew and begin a Sacrifice
thirty times one after another , becauſe they thought till there fell our one fault or other in
the fame : ſo holy and devout were they to the gods. Now Twllxs and Farting had fecret con-
terence with the greateſt perſonages of the City of Ax T1u , declaring unto them that now they
had good time offered them ro make War with the Roma xs , while they were in difſſention
one with another. They anſwered them , they were aſhamed to break the League , conſidering The R
that they were ſworn to keep peace for two years, Howbeit , ſhortly after , the Romans cave theFelfce
gave them great occaſion to make War with them. For on a holy day common Playes being occaſion o
kept in ROME , upon ſome ſuſpicion or falſe report , they made Proclamation by ſound of Trumper, Wars.
that all the VO.scxs ſhould avoid our of Rows before Sun ſer, Some think this was a craft 2917s cm
and deceit of e.A{aytius , who ſent one to ROME to the Conſuls, to accuſe the Vorsces falſely, — "ha
advertiſing them how they had made a conſpiracy to ſet upon them while they were buſy in ſeeing polſces.
their Games, and alſo to ſet their Ciry on fire. This open Proclamation made all the VoLsczs
more offended with the Romans , then ever they were before : and T»lus aggravating the
marter , did ſo inflamethe Vor. s ces againſt them , that in the end they ſent their Ambaſſadors to
ROME, to ſummon them to deliver their Lands and Towns again , which they had taken from them
n times paſt , or to. look for preſent Wars. The Romans hearing this , were *marvellouſly
nertled ; and made no other anſwer but thus : -1f the Vorscts be the firſt that begin War,
the
a -
_w < 's -
- <
EI YT —_— —_ 2
XC CnecXf. 2cqcfck.——c——<—cq —C ———
on (n= PR on
, ”
- —_— _—_ —_—
— ”
—_C M5
- _=_ ” _— ——
AST ———-
CORIOLA NUS.
the Romans will be the laſt that will end ir. Incontinently upon the return of the Vorscts
Ambaſſadours, and delivery of the Romans anſwer , 7 =llus cauſed an Aſſembly generall to be
made of the VOL5cEs, and concluded to make War upon the ROMa ns, This done, Tullus
did counſell them to take Xſartize into their ſervice, and not to miſtruſt him for the remembrance of
Coriolenuscho= any thing paſt , but boldly to truft him in any matter to come : for he would do them more ſervice in
= > ap fighting tor them, thenever he did them diſpleaſure in fighting againſt them. So eIſarriue was cal.
with 2 + mg led forth , who ſpake ſo excellently in the preſence of them all, that be was thought no leſs eloquent
Aufidius a» in tongue , then warlike in ſhew : and declared himſelf bothexpert in Wars , and wiſe with vali.
gainſt the Ro- antneſs, Thus he was joyned in Commiſſion with Ts as Generall of the Voisces ; havir
_— abſolute Authority between them to follow and purſue the Wars. But Aartixs fearing leſt wa
of time to bring this Army together with all the Munition and Furniture of the VOLscts, would
rob him of the mean he had to execute his purpoſe and intent , left order with the Rulers and
chief of the City, to aſſemble the reſt of their power , and to prepare all neceſſary proviſion for the
Camp, Then he with the lighteſt Souldiers he had , and that were willing to follow him , ſtole away
upon the ſudden , and marched with all ſpeed, and entred. the Territories of RoMz, before the Ro-
Coriolanus to. MANS heard any news,of his coming. Inſomuch as the; VoLscts found ſuch ſpoil in the fields
vadeth the As they had more then they could ſpend in their Camp , and were weary to drive and carry away that
Territories of they had. Howbeit the gain of the ſpoil , and the hurt they did to the Romans in this invaſi..
the Romans. on, was the leaſt part of his intent : for his chiefeſt purpoſe was, to increaſe ſtill the malice and
A ne devics Sillention berween the Nobility and the Commonalty : and to draw that on , he was very carefull
to make the £0 keepthe Noblemens Lands and Goods ſafe from harm and burning , but ſpoiled all the whote
Commonalty Countrey beſides , and would ſuffer no man to take or hurt any thing of the Noblemens. This
ſuſpet the made greater ſtir and broyl between the Nobility and the People , then was before: For the
Nobility. Noblemen fell out with the People , becauſe they had ſo unjuſtly baniſhed a man of ſo great valour
- yu=w _ and power. The People on the other fide , accuſed the Nobility , how they had procured Martins
twixe he No. £0 make theſe Wars to be revenged of them : becauſe it pleaſed them to ſee their Goods burnt and
bility and the ſpoiled before their eyes, whilſt themſelves were well at eaſe, and did behold the Peoples loſſes and
misfortunes, knowing their own Goods ſafe and out of danger : and how the War was not made
againſt the Noblemen , that had the Enemy abroad , to keep that they hadin ſafery. Now Aarti-
2 having done his firſt exploit , ( which made the Voriscts bolder , and lefs fearfull of the Ro-
MANS ) brought home all the Army again, without loſs of any man, After their whole Army
( which was marvellous great , and very forward to fervice was aſſembled in one Camp, they agreed
to leave part of it for Gariſon in the Countrey about , and the other part ſhould go on, and make
the War upon the Romans. So Iartive bad Tallus chooſe , aud take which ofthe two char-
ges he liked beſt. Txlxs made him anſwer , he knew by experience that £artizs was nolels vali-
ant then himſelf , and how heever had better fortune and good hap in all Battels, then himſelf had,
Therefore he thought it beſt for him to have the leading of thoſe that would make the Wars abroad,
and himſelf would keep home , to provide for theſatety of the Cities of his Countrey, and to fur-
niſh the Camp alſo of all neceſſary proviſion abroad. So «Hartixs being ſtronger then before , went
firſt of all unto the City of CexcEts, inhabited by the Romans, who willingly yeelded them-
ſelves , and therefore had no hurt. From thence he entred the Countrey of the Lats , im-
Sining the ROMaNns would fight with him there to defend the Lat1ns , who were their confe-
derates , and had many times ſent unto the Romans for their aid. But on the one fide, the
People of Roms were very ill willing to go : and. onthe other fide , the Conſuls being upon going
Out of their Office , would not hazard themſelves for ſo ſmall a time : ſo that the Ambaſſadors of the
.Latins returned home again, and did no good. Then Martizs did befiege their Cities, and
having taken by force the Town of the To:zrINILAaNSs,Vicanians,PEDANIANS,and the
BoraNniaNns , who made reſiſtance, he ſacked all their Goods , and took them priſoners. Such
as did yeeld themſelves willingly unto him , he was as carefull as poſſible might be , ro defend them
from hurt : and becauſe they ſhould receive no damage by his will,he removed his Camp as far from
their Confines as he could. Afterwards, he took the Ciry of Botzs by affault , being about an
hundred furlong from Roms., where he had a marvellous great ſpoil , and put every man to the
Tword that was able to carry Weapon. The other VoLsces that were appointed to remain in
Gariſon for defence of their Countrey , hearing this good news , would tarry no longer at home,
but armed themſelves, and ran to Aartizs Camp, ſaying they did acknowledge no other Cap-
tain but him. Hereupon his fame ran through all ITaLy , and every one praiſed him for a
liant Captain, for that by change of one-man for another , ſuch and ſo ſtrange events fell our in the
State. In-this while, all went ſtill to wrack at Ro». For to come into the field to fight with the
Enemy , they could not abide to hear of it, they were one ſo much againſt another , and full of {
ditious words , the Nobility againſt the People, and the People againſt the Nobility. Untill they
had intelligence at the length , that the Enemies had laid ſiege to the Ciry of Lav1x1um , in
which were-all the Temples and Images of their gods their ProteRors , and from whence came firſ
Levinium built their ancient Original , for that e£xeas at his firſt arrivall into IT A Ly did build that C ity. The!
by .Aneas, fell there out a marvellous ſudden change of mind among the People , and far more ſtrange
contrary 1n the Nobility. For the People thought it good to repeal the condemnation and &-
ile of Martizs, The Senate aſſembled upon it, would in no caſe yeeld to that ; who either di
it of a ſelf-will to be contrary to the Peoples deſire : or becauſe Afarrius ſhould not _
thoro
—
People,
Wy
197
EE IR
The Romans
ſend a mbaſla-
Coriolanius,
Another Am-
baſſade fenr ro:
Coriolanus,
—
198
CORIOLANDS.
I en —— —
The Prieſts
and Soothſay-
ers ſent to Co-
riolanus.
When the Ambaſſadors were returned to Ros, and had reported Aartius Anſwer to the Senate -
their City being in extream danger, and as it were in a terrible ſtorm or tempeſt, they threw out (a;
the common Proverb ſaith) their holy Anchor. For then they appointed all the Biſhops, .Priefts, Mi.
niſters of the gods, and keepers of holy things, and all the Augures or Sooth-ſayers, which foreſhew
things to come by obſervation of the flying of Birds (which is an old ancient kind of prophecying and
divination amongft the Romans) to go to Martins, apparelled as when they do their Sacrifices ; and
firſt to entreat him to leave off War, and then that he would ſpeak to his Countrey-men, and conclude
Peace with the VoLSCES. - Martins ſuffered them to come into his Camp, but yet he granted them
nothing the more, neither did he entertain them or ſpeak more courteoully ro them, than he did the
firſt rime tha they came unto him, ſaving onely that he willed them to take the one of the two: either
ro accept Peace under the firſt Conditions offered,or elſe to receive war, When all this goodly rabble of
ſuperſtitious Prieſts were returned, it was determined in Council, rhat none ſhould go our of the Gates
of the City, and that they ſhould watch and ward upon the Walls to repulſe their Enemies if they came
to aſſault them : referring themſelves and all their hope, ro time and Fortunes uncertain favour, not
knowing otherwiſe how to remedy the danger. Now all the City was full of tumult, fear, and mar-
vellous doubt, what would happen, untill at the length there fell out ſuch a like matter, as Homer oft
times ſaid they would leaſt have thought of. For in great matters, that happen ſeldom, Homer ſaith,
and crieth out inthis ſort :
The goddeſs Pallas ſhe, with her fair gliſtering eyes,
Did put into his mind ſuch thoughts, and made him ſo deviſe.
And in another place :
But ſure ſome god bath tane ont of the Peoples mind,
Both wit ad, under ſtanding eke, and have therewith afſi gn'd.
Some other ſimple ſpirit, infiead thereof to bide,
That ſo they might their doings all, for lack of wit miſguide.
And in another place : |
The People of themſelvet did either it conſider,
Or elſe ſome god inſtrutted them, and ſo they joyn'd together.
Many reckonnot on" ray res referring _ _ op fables of - likelihood or truth, unto
mans Reaſon, Free-will, or J ent, which 1 is not his meaning. But thirigs true and likel
he maketh to depend of our own Free-will and Reaſon, For he oft ſpeakerh theſe words ; . -
I have thought it in my noble heart.
And inanother place :
| eAchilles angry was, and ſorry for to hear
Him ſo to ſay, his heavy breaſt was fraught with penſive fear,
And in another place :
Bellerophon (ſhe) could not move with ber fair tongue,
So honeſt and ſo vertuous, be was the reſt among.
But in wondrous and extraordinary things, which are done by ſecret inſpirations and motions, he
doth not ſay that God taketh away from man his choice and freedome of will, but that he doth move
it : neither that he doth work defire in us, but objecteth to our minds certain imaginations whereby
weare led todefire, and thereby doth not make this our ation forced, but openeth the way to our
Will, and addeth thereto courage, and hope of ſucceſs. For either we muſt ſay, that the gods meddle
not with the Cauſes and beginnings of our aCtions : or elſe what othgr means have they to help and
further men ? It is apparent that they handle not our bodies, nor move not our feet and hands, when
there is occaſion to uſe them : but that part of our mind from which theſe motions proceed, is in-
duced thereto, or carried away by ſuch Objects and Reaſons, as God offereth unto ir. Now the
Roman Ladies and Gentlewomen did viſit all the Temples and gods of the ſame, ro make their
Prayers unto them : but the greateſt Ladies (and more part of them) were continually about the
Altar of Jupiter Capitolin, among which Troop by name, was Yaleria, Publicola's own Siſter,
The ſelf-ſame Publicela, who did ſuch notable ſervice to the Romans, both in Peace and Wars,
Palerie, Publi- and was dead alſo certain years before, as we havedeclared in his Life, His Siſter Yaleria was greatly
cola's Siſter,
honoured and reverenced among all the Romans : and did ſo modeſtly and wiſely behave her
ſelf, that ſhe did not ſhame nor diſhonour the Houſe ſhe came of, So ſhe ſuddenly fell into ſuch
a fancy, as we have rehearſed before, and had (by ſome god as I think) taken hold of a noble device.
Polumnis, Mar. Whereupon ſhe roſe, and the other Ladies with her, and they all together went ſtraight to the Houſe
rius Mother,
The words of
Paleria unto
Volumnis and
Virgilis,
of yolumnia, Martins Mother : and coming in to her, found her, and Martins Wife her Daughter
in Law, ſet together, and having her Husband 2ſartizs young Children in her lap, Now all the
Train of theſe Ladies, fitting in a ring round about her, Yaleria firſt began to ſpeak in this ſor
unto her : © We Ladies, are come to viſit you Ladies (my Lady Yolunnia and Yirgilia) by no dire-
< ion from the Senate, nor commandment of other Magiſtrate, but through the inſpiration (4 !
« takeit) of ſome god above : who having taken compaſiion and pity of our Prayers, hath move
© us to come unto You, to intreat you. in a matter, as well beneficiall for us, as alſo for the whole Cit»
« zens in general, but to your ſelyes in ſpeciall (if it pleaſe you to credit me) and ſhall redound to
« your more fame and glory, than the Daughters of the Sa sy x's obrained in former age, when the)
« procured loving Peace, inſtead of hatefull War, between their Fathers and their _
| Come
= COR LANDS.
& Come on good Ladies, and let us go all wgether unto artizs, to intreat him to take pity upon
« as, and allo to report the truth unto him, how much you are bound unto the Citizens : who not-
« withſtanding they have ſuſtained great hurr and loſſes by him, yet they have not hitherto ſought re-
« venge upon your perſons by any diſcourteous ulage, neither ever conceived any ſuch thought or in-
& tent againſt you, but to deliver you ſafe into his hands, though thereby they look for no better grace
* or clemency from him, When Yaleria had ſpoken this unto them, all the other Ladies, rogether
with one voice confirmed that ſhe had ſaid, Then Yolumnis in this ſort did anſwer her : © My good
« Ladies, we aft partakers with you.of the common miſery and calamity of our Countrey, and yet
& our grief ——_—_ yours the more, by reaſon of our particular misfortune, to feel the loſs of
« my Son Aartixs former valiancy and glory, and to ſee his perſon environed now with our Ene-
*«« mies in Arms, rather to ſee him forth-coming and fafe kept, than ofany love to defend his per-
& ſon, But yet the greateſt grief of our heaped miſhap is ; to ſee our poor Countrey brought to
« ſuch extremity, that all the hope of the ſafery and preſervation thereof, is now unfortunately caſt
«upon us ſimple Women : becauſe we know not what account he will make of us, fince he hath caft
«from him all care of his natural Countrey and Commonweal, which heretofore he hath holden
© more dear and precious, than either his Mother, Wife or Children. Notwithſtanding, if ye think
* we cando good, we will willingly do what you will have us ; bring us to him we pray you. For
« if we cannot prevail, we may yet die at his feet, as humble Suirers tor the ſafery of our Countrey,
Her Anſwer ended, ſhe took ber Daughter in Law, and Afartizs Children with her, and being ac-
companied with all the other Roman Ladies, they went in troop together unto the Vor5cts
Camp: whom when they ſaw, they of themſelves did both pity and: reverence her, and there was
not 4 man among them that once durſt ſay a word unto her. Now was Aartixs ſet then in his Chair
of State, with all the Honours of a General, and when he had ſpied the Women coming afar off, he
marvelled what the matter meant : bur afterwards knowing his Wife which came foremoſt, he derer-
mined at the firſt to perſiſt in his obſtinate and inflexible rankor. Bur- overcome in the end with na-
tural affeRion, and being alrogerher altered to ſee them, his heart would not ſerve him to tarry their
coming to his Chair, but coming down in haſte, hewent to meet them, and firſt he kifſed his Mo-
ther, and imbraced her a pretty while, then his Wife and little Children, And Nature ſo wrought
with him, that the tears fell from his eyes, and he could not keep himſelf from making much of them,
but yielded to the affeRion of his blood, as if he had been violeuly carried with the fury of a moſt
fxift running ſtream. After he had thus lovingly received them, and perceiving that his Mother Yo-
lumnia would begin to ſpeak to him, he called the chieteſt of the Council of the VoLsces to hear
199
The anſwer of
Volumnia to
the Roman
Ladics.
what ſhe would ſay. Then ſhe ſpake in this ſort : * If we held our peace. (my Son) and determined 71, 9,..;
&« not to ſpeak, the ſtate our poor Bodies, and preſent ſight of our Rayment, would cafily bewray of petumzis
*torhee what life we have led at home, ſince thy exile and abode abroad, but think now with thy unto her fort
*« ſelf, how much more unfortunate than all che Women living, we are come hither, conſidering that Coriotanus.
«the ſight which ſhould be moſt pleaſant to all other to behold, ſpightfull Fortune had made moſt
« fearfull to us : making my ſelf ro ſee my Son, and my Daughter here her Husband, beſieging the
*« Walls of his native Countrey : ſo as that which is the onely comfort to all other in their adverſity
* and miſery, to pray unto the gods, and to call them for aid, is the onely thing which plungeth
« us into moſt deep perplexity. For we cannur (alas) -togerher pray, both for vitory to our Coun-
*© trey, and for ſafery of thy life alſo : but a world of grievous curſes, yea more than any morrall
** Enemy .can heapuponus, are forcibly wrapt up in our Prayers, For the bitter ſop of moſt hard
< choice is offered thy Wife and Children, to forgo one of thetwo : either to laſe the Perſon of thy
*< ſelf, or the Nurſe-of their naive Countrey. For my ſelf (my Son) I am determined not to tarry
« till Fortune in my life time do make anend of this War, For if I cannot perſwade thee, rather to
*do good unto both Parties, than to overthrow and deſtroy the one, preferring Love and Nature be-
« fore the Malice and Calamity of the Wars, thou ſhalt ſee, my Son, and truſt unto it, thou ſhaltno
« fooner march forward to aſſault thy Countrey, but thy foot ſhall tread upoa thy Mothers Womb,
* chat brought thee firſt into this World. And I may not defer to ſee the. ay; either that my Son
« be led Priſoner in triumph by his natural Countrey-men, or that he himſ&* do triumph of them,
© and of his natural Countrey. For if it were ſo, thatmy requeſt tended to {ve thy Countrey, in de-
© ſtroying the VoLscEs, 1 muſt confeſs, thou wouldſt hardly and doubetylly xefolve on that. For
© asto deſtroy thy natural Countrey, it is altogether unmeer and unlawfull, ſo were it nof juſt, and
leſs honourable, to betray hole thu put their truſt in thee. Bur my anely demand conſiſteth, to
*©makea Goal-delivery of all evils, which delivereth equal benefir and-ſatery, both ro the one and
< the other, but moſt honourable for the Vo. scts. For it ſhall appear, that. having victory in
*their hands, they have of ſpecial favour granted us ſingular graces, Peace. and Amity, albeit them-
*< ſelves have bo {ef part of both than we. Of which good , if ſo it came to paſs, thy ſelf is the
© onely Author, and ſo haſt thou the onely honour, Bur if it fail, and fall our contrary, thy elf
© alone deſervedly ſhalt carry the ſhamefull reproach and burthen of either party. So, though the end
* of Warbe uncertain, yet this notwithſtanding is moſt certain, har if it be thy chance to conquer,
**this benefit ſhalt thou reap of thy goodly © onqueſt, to be chronicled the plague and _ of
* thy Countrey, And if Fortune overthrow thee, then the World will ſay, that through defire to
*< revenge thy private injuries, thou haſt for ever undone thy good friends, who did moſt lovingly and
© courteoully receive thee. eF{artixs gave good ear unto his Mothers words, without interrup-
ting her Speech arall, and after ſhe had faid what ſhe would, he held bis. peace a pretry while, and
6 . WS anſwered
© —_—
200 CORIOLANDS.
Dt _—
—__
anſwered not a word, Hereupon ſhe began again to ſpeak unto him, and aid ; <* My Son, wh
« doft thou not anſwer me? doſt thou think ut good altogether ro give place unto thy choler ma
cc defjre of rev and thinkeft thou it not honeſty for thee to grant thy Mothers requeſt , in {
«« weighty a ? doſt thoutake ir honourable for a Noble man, to remember the wrongs and inju-
« ries done him, and doſt not in like cafe think it an honeſt Noblemans part, to be chankKll for the
& 500dneſs that Parents do ſhew to their Children, acknowledging the duty and reverence they ought
< to bear unto them ? No man living is more bound to ſhew himſelf chankfull in all parts and re-
" ”_= than thy ſelf : who ſo univerially ſheweſt all ingratitude. Moreover ( my Son ) thou haſt
& ſorely taken of thy Countrey, exaQting grievous payments upon them, in revenge of the injuries
« offered thee , beſides, thou haft nothitherto ſhewed thy poor Mother any courtefie. And there.
<c fore it is not onely honeſt, but due unto me, that without compulſion I ſhould obtain my ſo juſt and
<< reaſonable requeſt of thee. Bur fince by reaſon I cannot perſwade thee to ir, ro what purpoſe do 1
<« defer my laſt hope ? And with: theſe words, her ſelf, his Wife and Children, fell down upon their
Coriolams — knees before him ; e Hartins ſeeing that, could refrain no longer, but went ſtraight and lift her up,
compaſſion of crying out, Oh Mother, what have you done to me? And holding her hard by the right hand, Oh
his Mother, Mother, ſaid he, you have 'won @ happy Victory for your Countrey, but mortal and unhappy for
your Son : for I ſee my ſelf yanquiſhed by you alone. Theſe words being ſpoken openly, be ſpake
a little apart with his Mother and Wife, and then letthem return again $0 Rows, for ſo they did re.
Coridtans 4ſt him; and ſo remaining in Camp that night, the next morning he diſlodged, and marched home.
1 wy ward into the VOLscEs Countrey agam, who were not all of one mind, nor all alike comented.
his Army from For ſome milliked him and that he had done : other being well pleaſed that Peace ſhould be made, ſaid:
Rome, that neither the one nor the other, deſerved blame nor reproach. Other though they miſliked that
was done, did not think him an ill man for that he did, but ſaid, he was not to be blamed, though he
yielded to fuch a forcible _—_ Howbeit no man contraried his departure, but all obeyed his
commandment, more for reſpe& of his worthinefs and valiancy than for fear of his Authority, Now
the Citizens of Roms plainly ſhewed, in what fear and danger their City ſtood of this War, when
they weredelivered. For ſo foon-as the Warchupon the Walls of the City perceived the Vorscts
Camp to remove, here was-not a Temple in the City but was preſently ſer open, and full of men wea-
ring Garldnds of Flowers upon theirheads, facrificing to the gods, as they were wont to do upon the
news of ſome great obtained Victory. And this common joy was yet more manifeſtly ſhewed, by the
bonourable courtefies the whole Senate and People did beſtow on their Ladies, For they were all
throughly perſwaded, and did cettainly believe, that the Ladies onely were cauſe of the ſaving of
the City, and delivering themfelves from the inftant danger of the War. Whereupon the Senate
ordained, that the Magiſtrates to gratifie and honour theſe Ladies, ſhould grant them all char they
The Temple of would require. And they onely requeſted that they would build a Temple of Foreune for the Wo-
E _— built en, untothe building whereof they offered themſelves todefray the whole charge of the Sacrifices,
jor Fe Women. nd other Ceremonics belonging to the ſervice of the gods. Nevertheleſs, the Senate commending
their good will 'and forwardneſs, ordained that the Temple and Image ſhould be made at the common
charge of the Ciry. Notwithſtanding that, the Ladies gathered Money among them, and made
with the ſame a ſecond _—_— Fortune, which the Ro Mans ſay did ſpeak as they offered her
mk ; Up inthe Temple, and did ſer her in her place : and they affirm, that ſhe ſpake theſe words : Ladies,
Fortune fake YE have devoutly offered me up. Moreover, that ſhe ſpake that twice together , making us to be-
to the Ladies lieve things that never were , and are not to be credited : For to fee that ſeem to ſweat or
at Rome. weep, or to. put forth any humour red or bloody, it is not a thing unpoſſfible. For Wood and
Of the ſweat- Stone do commonly receive certain moiſture, whereof are ingendrsd humours, which do yield of
ing and YoIces themſelves, or do take of the air, many ſorts and kinds of ſpots and colours : by which ſigns and
"es tokens it isnotamifs, methinks, that the gods ſometimes do warn men of things ro come. And it
is poſſible alſo, that theſe Images and Statues do ſometimes put forth ſounds like unto ſighs or mour-
ning, when in the midſt or bottom of the ſame, there is made ſome violent ſeparation, or break-
ing aſunder of things, blown or deviſed therein : but that a body which hath neither life nor ſoul,
ſhould have any dire&;ox exquiſite words formed in it by expreſs voice, that is altogether unpoſ-
ſible : For the ſoul, n&God himſelf can diftinaly ſpeak without a body, having neceſſary Or-
gans and Inſtruments meer for. the parts of the ſame , to form and utter diftindt words. But
where Stories many timet:do force us to believe a thing reported to be true, by many grave teſti-
monies : there we muſt ſay, that it is ſome paſſion contrary to our five natural ſenſes, which be-
ing begotten in the imaginative part or underſtanding, draweth an opinion unto it ſelf, even as we
do in our ſleeping. For many times we think we hear that we do not hear, and we imagine
. We fee that weſee not. Yet notwithſtanding, ſuch as are godly bent , and zealouſly given to
Of the 2"; think on heavenly things , ſo as they can no way bedrawn from believing of that which is ſpoken
Fa of them, they have this reaſon to ground the foundation of their belief upon ; that is, the Om-
nipotency of God, which is wonderfull, and hath no manner of reſemblance or likeneſs of pro-
portion unto ours, but is altogether contrary, as touching our nature, our moving, our art, and
our force : and therefore if he do any thing unpoſlible to us, or do bring forth and deviſe things
above mans common reach and underſtanding, we muſt not therefore think it unpoſlible at all. For
if in other things he isfar contrary to us, much more in his Works and ſecret Operations, he far
paſſeth all the reft : but the moſt part of Gods doings, as Heraclirus ſaith, for lack of faith, are hid-
den and unknown unto us. Now when Martins was returned again into the City of AN mu
| rom
.* — ah > cmd 0”
"4 OFF -— wwFrs
=_ : 1 ww
* Bo rs, bow
CORIOL ANUS.
CE eEE——— I — _— _ ——
from his voyage, Tus that hated and could no longer abide him for the fear he had of his Authority,
ſought divers means to make him away, thinking if he let (lip chat preſent time, he ſhould never reco- Tus Aufodius
ver the like and fit occaſion again. Wherefore Tulus baving procured many other of his confederacy, -
required Martins might be depoſed from his Eſtate, to render up account to the VoLsces of his
Charge and Government. Afarrixs fearing to vecomea private man againunder Tl being Genc=
ral (whoſe Authority was greater otherwiſe, than any other among all the Vor.sct5) anlwered :
He was willing to give up his charge, and would refign it into the hands of the Lords of the Vo 5-
CES, if they did all command him, as by all their commandment he received it. And moreover, that he
would not refuſe even ar that preſent to give up an account unto the People, if they would tarry the
hearing of ir. The People hereupon called a Common Council, in which aſſembly there were certain
Orators appointed, that ſtirred up the Common People againſt him : and when they had cold their
tales, Martins roſe np to make them anſwer. Now, notwithſtanding the mutinous People made a
marvellousgreat noiſe, yet when they ſaw him, for the reverence they bare unto his valiantneſs, they
quieted themſelves, and gave him audience to alledge with leiſure what he could for his purgation,;
Moreover, the honeſteſt men of the ANT1AT Es, and who moſt rejoiced in Peace, ſhewed by their
countenance that they would hear him willingly, and judge alſo according to their conſcience. Where-
upon 7 ullus fearing that if he did let him ſpeak, he would prove his innocency to the People, becauſe
amongſt other things he had an eloquent rongue ; beſides thar the firſt good fervice he had done to che
People of the VoLs<ts, did win him more favour, / then theſe laſt Accuſations could purchaſe him
diſpleaſure : and furthermore, the offence they laid ro- his charge, was 3 teſtimony ofthe good will
they ought him , for they would never have chought he had done them wrong for that oy rook not
the Ciry of Rox, if they had not been very near taking of it, by mearis of fhis approachand conduti-
on. For theſe cauſes 7«/l«s thought he might no longer delay his pretence and enterprize, neither ro
rarry for the mutining and riſing of the Common People againſt hini 5 wherefore, thoſe that were of
the conſpiracy, began to cry out that he was not to be heard, and that they would not ſuffer a Traitor
to uſurp tyrannical power over the Tribe of the VoLscEts, who would not yield up his Stare and
Authority, And in ſaying theſe words, they all fell upon him, and killed him in the Marker-place, cr:
none of S people once offering to reſcue him. Howbeirt it is a clear caſe, that this murder was nor nadda
generally conſented unto, of the moſt part of the VoLscEs : for men came our of all parts to honour the City of
his body, and did honourably bury him, ſetting up his Tomb with great ſtore of Armour and ſpoils, as
the Tomb of a worthy perſon and great Captain. The Ro Mans underſtanding of his death, ſhewed
no other honour or malice, ſaving that they granted the Ladies their requeſt they made : that they.
might mourn ten Moneths for him, and that was the full time they uſed to wear blacks for the death of The time of
their Fathers, Brethren, or Husbands, according ro uma Pompilins order, who eſtabliſhed the mourning ap-
ſame, as we have enlarged more amply in the deſcription of his Life. Now Afartixs being dead, the P*inted by
whole ſtate of the VoLsc xs heartily wiſhed him alive again. For, firſt of all they fell out with the **
E&aquzs (who were their Friends and Confederates) touching preheminence and place : and this quar-
rel grew on ſo far between them, that frays and murders fel] out upon it one with another. After that
the Roa ns overcame them in Battle, in which 7 «{s was ſlain inthe Field, and the flower of all rutus Aufdius
their force was put to the Sword : ſo that they were compelled to accept moſt ſhamefull Conditions of Main in Battle.
Peace, in yielding themſelves ſubjeR unto the Conquerors, and promiſing to be obedient at their com-
mandment. |
The End of Caius Martius Coriolanus Life;
The as done (
by both,
The manners
of Alcibiades
and Coriolanis
THE COMPARISON OF
ALCIBIADES with MARTIUS
CORIOLAN VS.
Y/, gn QN \ i
X WO NJ WH Wa Dl wy
-2 \ 'E & r - - , "\ \ fi
SE REF © 7 i ANA
) % — 4f
O_ P! 4 W__ y i \
\W\.
AVWALAN CG
\
= OW that we have written all the Deedsof worthy memory, done by either of
E them both, wemay preſently diſcern, that in matters of War the one hath not
& greatly exceeded the other. For both of them in their charge, were alike hardy
2 and valiant for their perſons, asalſo wiſe and politick in the Wars : unleſs they
Z will ſay, that eAlcibiades was the better Captain, as he that had foughten
| 2 more Battles with his Enemies, both by Sea and Land, than ever {oriolanus
= SEN &S had done, and had always the Viftory of his Enemies, For otherwiſe, in this
EC — =» they were much alike : that where they were both preſent and had charge and
power to command, all things proſpered notably, and with good ſucceſs on the part they were of,
and alſo when they took the contrary fide, they made the firſt have the worſt every way. Now for
matters of Government, the Noble men and honeſt Citizens did hate Alc+biades manner of rule in the
Commonweal, as of a man moſt difſolute, and given to flattery : becauſe he ever ſtudied by all device
he could, to curry favour with the common People. So did the Roma Ns malice alſo Cortolanys Go-
vernment, for that it was too arrogant, proud, and tyrannical : whereby neither the one nor the 0-
ther was to be commended. Notwithſtanding he is lefs to be blamed, that ſeeketh to pleaſe and gratifie
his common People, than he that deſpiſeth and diſdaineth them , and therefore offereth them wrong
and injury, becauſe he would not ſeem to flatter them, ro win the more Authority. For asit is an evil
thing on the common Peopleto win credit : even ſo is it beſides diſhoneſty, and injuſtice alſo, to
attain to credit and authority, for one to make himſelf terrible to the People, by offering them wrong
and violence, It is true that Afartizs was ever counted an honeſt natured man, plain, and ſimple, with-
Out art or cunning : but Alcibiades meerly contrary ; for he was fine, ſubtil, and deceitfull, And the
greateſt fault they ever burdened Alcibiades for, was his malice and deceit, wherewith he abuſed the
Ambaſſadors of the Laczp&amo NIANs, and that he was a let that Peace was not concluded, as Thu-
cydides reporteth. Now, though by this a& he ſuddenly brought the City of ArHzns into Wars,
yet he brought it thereby to be of greater power, and more feartul tro the Enemies, by making alliance
with the ManNTINEANS and the ARG1ves, who by Alcibiades praftiſe entred into League with
the ATHENIANS, And Martins, as Dionyſis the Hiſtoriographer writeth : did by cratt and de-
ceit bring the Romans into Wars againſt the VoLscEs, cauſing the VoLscEs malicioully and
wrongfully ro be ſuſpeCted, that went ro Rome to ſee the Games plaid. But the cauſe wly
he did it, made the fat ſo much more foul and wicked ; tor it was not done for any civil dil-
ſention, nor for any jealouſie and contention in matters of Government as Alcibiades did : but
onely following his cholerick mood, that would be pleaſed with nothing, as Dior ſaid, he would
needs trouble and turmoil the moſt part of ITALY ;, and fo being angry with his Countrey,
he deſtroyed many other Towns and Cities that could not help ir, nor do withall, This is true
alſo, that eAlcibiades ſpite-and malice did work great miſchief and miſery to his Countrey : but
when he ſaw they repented them of the injury they had done him, he came to himſelf, and did
withdraw his Army. Another time alſo, when they had baniſhed eAlc:ibiades, he would not p
{utter
Wy
IF,
SUE
y
C\
| A
4
| —_— ——
ALCIBIADES and CORIOLANVS.
203
ſuffer the Captains of the ATHENIANS to run into great errours, neither would he fee them caſt a-
way, by following ill counſell which they took, neither would he torſake them in any danger they pur
themſelves into. Bur he did the very ſame that 4riſtsdes had done in old time unto Themsftocles, tor
which he was then, and is yet ſo greatly praiſed, For he went unto the Captains that had charge then
of the Army of the ATHENIANS, although they werenot his friends, and rold them wherein they did
amiſs, and what they had farther to do, Where Afartius to the contrary, did firſt great hurt umothe
whole City of Rox, though all n Rome had not generally offended him : yea, and when the beſt
and chiefelt part of the City were grieved for his ſake, and were very ſorry and angry for the injury
done bim. Furthermore, the Rowans ſought to appeaſe one onely diſpleaſure and deſpight rhey
had done him, by many Ambaſſadors, Petitions and requeſts they made ; whereumts he never yielded,
untill his Mother, Wife, and Children came, his heart was ſo hardened, And hereby it appeared he
was entred into this cruel War (when he would hearken to no- peace) of an intent urterly to deſtroy
and ſpoil his countrey, and not as though he meant to recover ,it, or to return hither again. Hete
was indeed the difference between them :_ that ſpials being laid by the Lac zD&4MaNians to kill 41-
cibiades, for the malice they did bear him, as allo for that they were afraid of him, he was compelled
to returnhome. again ro ATHENS, Where Aartixs contrariwiſe, baving been ſo honourably re-
ceived and entertained by:the VoL.scts, he could not wih
| torſake them, conſidering that
they had done him that honour, as to chooſe him their General, and truſted him ſa far, as they pur all
their whole Army and Power into his hands : and not as the. other, whom the Lagkp4Mo0Nians
rather abuſed tban uſed him, ſuffering him to go up and down theig Ciry (and afrerwasds in the mit
of their Camp) without honour. or place ar all. So that in the end Alcivsades was compelled ro put
himſelf ingo the hands of 7:/aphernes: unleſs that they will ſay that he went thither of purpoſe to him,
with intent to ſave the City of ATHENs from utter deſtruction, for the defire he had to return hotne
again, Moreover, we read of ' Alcibiades, that he was a grear taker, and would be corrupted with Alciblades ind
Money : and when he had it, he would moſt licentiouſly and diſhoneftly ſpend it. Where Aartins Coriotanus
in contrary manner would not ſo much as accept gifts lawfully offered him by his Captains, to honour manner for
him for his valiantneſs. And the cauſe why the People did bear him ſuch ill will, for the controverſie Money.
they had with the Nobility about clearing of Debts, grew : for that they knew well enough it was not
for any gain or benefit he had gotten thereby, ſo much as it was for ſpite and diſpleaſure he thought
to do them, Antipater in a Letter of his, writing of the death of A4r:/forle the Philoſopher, dothnor
without cauſe commend the ſingular gifts that were in Alc:biades, and this eſpecially, that he paſſed
all other for winning mens good wills. Whereas Aartius noble acts and vertues, wanting that affa-
bility, became hatefull, even to thoſe that received benefit by them, who could not abide his ſeverity
and ſelf-will : which cauſeth deſolation (as Plato ſaith) and men to be ill-followed, or altogether for-
ſaken. Contrariwiſe, ſeeing Alc:b:ades had a trim entertainment, and a very good grace with him,
and could faſhion himſelf in all Companies, it was no marvel if his well doing were gloriouſly com-
mended, and himſelf much honoured and beloved of the People, conſidering that ſome faults he did,
were oftentimes taken for matters of ſport, and toys of pleaſure. And this was the cauſe, that though
many times he did great hurt to the Commonwealth, yer they did ofr make him their General, and
truſted him with the _ of the whole Ciry. Where Adartizs ſuing for an Office of honour, that
was dne to him ; for the fundry good ſervices he had done to the State, was notwithſtanding repulſed,
and put by, Thus do we ſee, that they to whom the one did hurt, had no power to hate him : and the
other that honoured his vertue, had no liking to love his perſon. Afartins alſo did never any great ex-
ploit, being General of his Countrey-men, but when he was General of their Enemies againſt his natu-
ral Countrey : whereas Alcibiades, being both a private perſon, and a General, did notable ſervice
untothe ATHENIANS, By reaſon whereof, Alcibiades whereſoever he was preſent, had the upper Alcibizdet and
hand ever of his Accuſers, even as he would himſelf, and their Accuſations took no place againſt him; Coriolanuslove
unleſs it were in his abſence, Where Aarti being preſent, was condemned by the Roa xs : and 99 their
in his perſon murdered and ſlain by the VoLscts. Bur here 1 cannot ſay they have done well, nor
juſtly, albeit himſelf gave them ſome colour to do jt, when he openly denied the Roman Ambaſſa-
dors Peace, which afterwards he privately granted, at the requeſt of women. So by this deed of his,
be took nor away the enmity that was between both People : but leaving War ſtill between them, he
made the Vo1sces (of whom he was General) to loſe the opportunity of noble ViRory. Where
indeed he ſhould (if he had done as he ought) have withdrawn his Army with their counſel] and con-
ſent, that had repoſed ſo great affiance in him, in making him their General : if he had made thar ac-
count of them, as their good will towards him did in duty bind him. Or elſe, if he did nor care for
the VoLsces intheenterprize of this War, but had onely procured it of intent to be revenged, and
afterwards to leave it off when his anger was blown over : yer he had no reaſon for the love of his Mo-
ther to pardon his Countrey, bur rather he ſhould in pardoning his Countrey, have ſpared his Mother,
becauſe his Mother and Wife were Members of the Body of his Countrey and City, which he did be-
ſiege, For in that he uncourteouſly rejeRed all the publick Petitions, requeſts of Ambaſſadors, intrea-
ties of the Biſhops and Prieſts, to gratifie onely the requeſt of his Mother with his departure : that was
no act ſo muchto honour his Mother with, as to diſhonour his Countrey by, the which was preſerved
tor the pity andvinterceſſion of a Woman, and not for the love of it ſelf, as if it had not been worthy of
it. And fo was this departure a grace (to ſay truly) very odious and cruel, and deſerved no thanks of
either party, to him that did ir. For he withdrew his Army, not at the requeſt of the Roma ws, a-
gainſt whom he made War : nor with their conſent, at whoſe charge the War was made. And of -
| is
Countrey,
204.
ALCIBIADES and CORIOLANDS.
Coriolanus no-
table abſti-
nence from
Bribes.
his misfortune and ill hap, the auſterity of his nature, and his haughty obftinate mind, was the onely
cauſe: the which of it ſelf being harefull to the World, when it is joined with ambition, it groweth
then much more churliſh, fierce and intolerable. For men that have that fault in nature, are not affa-
bleto the People, ſeeming thereby as though they made no eftimation or regard ofthe People : and yer
on the other fide, if the People ſhould not give them honour and reverence, they would ftraight take
it in ſcorn, and little care for the matter. For ſo did Merellus, Ariftides and —_ all uſed
chis manner : not to ſeek the good will of the common People by flattery and diffimulation : which
was indeed, becauſe they deſpiſed that which the people could give or take away. Yet would they not
be offended with their Citizens, when they were amerced, and fer at any fines, or that they baniſhed
them, or gave them any other repulſe : but they loved them as well as they did before, ſo ſoon as
they ſhewed any token of repentance, and that they were ſorry for the wrong they had done them, and
wereeaſily made friends again with them, after they were reftored from their baniſhment. For he that
diſdaineth ro make much of the People, and to have their favour, ſhould much more ſcorn to ſeek tg
be revenged when he is repulſed. For, to take a repulſe and denial of honour ſo inwardly to the hearr,
cometh of no other cauſe, but that he did too earneftly defire it. Therefore eLlcibiades did not dil.
ſemble at all, that he was not very glad to ſee bimſelf honoured, and ſorry to be rejeted and denied
any honour : but alſo he ſought all the means he could to make himſelf beloved of thoſe amongſt whom
he lived. Whereas Martins ſtoutneſs and haughty ftomack, did tay him from maki of thoſe
that might advance and honour him : and yet this ambition made him gnaw himſelf for ſpite and anger,
when he ſaw he was deſpiſed. And this is all that reaſonably may be reproved in him : for otherwiſe
he lacked no good commendable vertues and qualities. For his teraperance, and clean hands from ta-
king of Bribes and Money, he may be compared with the moſt perfe&, vertuous, and honeft men of
all GxEECE : but not with elcib3ades, who was undoubtedly always too licentious and looſely gi-
ven, and had too ſmall regard of the duty of Honeſty.
THE LIFE OF
PUULUS EMYLIVS.
HEN I firft began to write theſe Lives, my intent was to profit other : but ſince
"& continuing and going'on, I have much profited my ſelf by looking into theſe
Hiftories,. as if I looked into a glaſs, to frame and faſhion my life to the mould
WW and pattern of theſe vertnous Noble men. For running over their manners int
dS this ſort, and ſeeking alſo to deſcribe their Lives : methinks T' am ftill conver-
F fant and familiar with them, and do as it were lodge thera with me, one after
GS another. And when I come to peruſe their Hiſtories, and to weigh the vertues
>". and qualities they have had, and what ſingularity each of them poſſeſſed : and to
chuſe and cull out the chiefeſt things of note in chem, and their beſt ſpeeches and doings moſt worthy of
memory 3 then 1 cry out : | |
O gods, can there be more paſſing pleaſure in the world ?
Or is there any thing of more force, to teach man civil manners, and a ruled life, or to reform the
vice in man ?. Democritus the Philoſpher writeth, rhatwe ſhould pray we might ever ſee happy Ima-
ges and Signsin the air, and that the good which is meet and proper to our nature, may rather come to
us, than that isevil and unfortunate : preſuppoſing a falſe opinion and Dotrine in Philoſophy, which
allureth men to infinite ſuperſtitions : That there are good and bad Images flying in the air, which give
a good or il] impreffion unto men, and encline men to vice, or to vertue. But as for me, by continu-
al reading of ancient Hiſtories, and gathering theſe Lives together which now I leave before you, and
by keeping always in mind the a&s of the moſt noble, vertuous, and' beſt given men of former age,
and worthy memory : Ido teach and prepare my {elf to ſhake off and baniſh from me all lewd and diſ-
honeſt conditions, if by chance the company and converſation of them whoſe company I keep,and muſt
of neceflity haunt, do acquaint me with ſome unhappy or ungracious touch. This-is eafie unto me, thar
do difpoſe my mind, being quiet and not troubled with any paffion, unto the deep conſideration of ſo
10any noble examples. As I do prefent unto you now in this Volume, the Lives of Timoleon the Co-
RINTHIAN, and of Paxlus /fEmyliys the ROMAN, who had not onely a good and upright mind with
diem, but were alſo fortunate and happy, in all the marters they both did take in hand. So as you ſhall
uedly jadge, when you have read over their Lives, whether wiſdom or good fortune brought them
(© atchteve to ſuch honourable Acts and Exploits as they did. Many (and the moſt part of Hiſtorio-
graphors) do write, that the Houſe and Family of the Amylian; in Roz, was alwaies of the moſt Th, tyuſe of
anchent of the Nobility, which they call P atricians, Some Writers affirm alſo, that the firſt of that tho ,Amylians
ae that gave Name to all the Poſterity after, was Marcxr, the Son of Pythagoras the wile, came of Py-
whown King Na for the ſweemeſs and pleaſant grace of his tongue, ſurnamed "Aarcus eAmyling : 9489745 $00.
and
——— ——kx—n HB ADC Ser oe er ———<—_——— —_—
.
mylius, by P4-
PAUL USAZAMYLIUS.
—_—
—_
and thoſe ſpecially affirm it, that ſay King N\yma was Pythagoras Scholar. Howrſoever it was, the
moſt part of this Family that obtained Honour and Eftimation for their Vertue , were ever fortu-
Lucius Paulus nate alſo in all their doings, ſaving onely L#c:14 Pauls onely, who died in the Battle of Ca x-
_—
" JZEmylius NES, But his misfortune doth bear manifeſt teſtimony of his wiſdom and valiancy together,
a —_—_ For he was forced to fight againfthis will, when he ſaw he could not btidle the raſhnefs of his fel -
—_ low Conſul tharwoutd needs join Battle , and to do ashe did, ſaving that he fied not as the other,
who being the firſt procurer of the Battle, was the firſt that ran away : where he to-the contrary,
to his power did what he could to, let him, and did tick by it, and fought it valiaruly to the laſt
ZEmyliathe gaſp. This e/Emylixs left a Daughter behind him called e£mylia, which was married unto Sci-
Daughter of 9;9 the Great : anda Son, Pawlus eAmylins, being*the ſame man whoſe Life we preſently trear
Lacks _ of. His youth fortunately fell out'in a flouriſhing time of glory and honour, through the ſundry
Scipio the Vertues of many great and noble Perſons living in thoſe days, among whom he had made his name
Grear. famous alſo : and it was not by that ordinary art and courſe, which the beſt eſteemed young men of
that age did take and follow, For he did not uſeto plead private mens Cauſes in Law, neither would,
The vertues of creep into mens favour by fawying upon any of them : though he ſaw it a common -practiſe, and!
Paulus Amy- policy of men, to ſeck the Peoples favour and $00d wills by ſuch means, Moreover, he refuſed
. tus. not that common courſe which other rook, for a, contrary tohis nature, or that he could
not frame with eitherof both, if he had-been ſo di z. but. he rather ſought to win reputati«
on by his honeſty, his valiancneſs, and upright dealing, as chooſing that- the better way: chan ei-
ther of the other two, inſomuch as in 'marvellous ſhort time he paſſed all thoſe that were of his
Paulus Emye age, The firſt Office of Honour he ſued for, was the Office of </£dils, in which ſuit he was pre-
- ga xr _ ferred before twelve other. that ſued for the felf-ſame Office : who were men of no ſmall quali
gur. for they all came afterwards to be Conſuls. After this, he was choſen to be one of the 'number gf
the Prieſts, whom the pas ag call _—_— _— _ ary, of all- the Divinations and
Sooth-ſayings, in telling of things to come by, Aiying irds, and in the air, ., He was 6
carefull, - $2 lg pains to underſtand how the Romans did Te the ſame, and with ſuch
diligence ſought the obſervation of the ancient Religion of the RowAaxs in all holy matters : that
where that Priefthood was before efteemed bur a Title of Honour, and- defired for the: name onely,
he brought it to paſs, that it was the moſt honourable Science, and beft reputed of in Rot ;
The Philoſo- wherein he confirmed the Philoſophers opinion, that Religion is the knowledg how to ſerve Gad.
ons 17 For when he did any thing belonging to his Office of Priethood, he did it with great experience,
o eee judgement and diligence, leaving all other thoughts, and without omitting any ancient Ceremony,
or adding to any.new; contending oftentimes with his companions, in things which ſeemed lighe, and
Peulus diligent of {xmall moment : declaring unto them, that chough we do preſume the gods are eaſie to be pacified,
onwealch and that they readily pardon all faults and ſcapes committed by negligence, yet if it were no more
even in rrifles, but. for _reſpe& of Commonwealths. ſake, they ſhould .not flightly nor careleſly difſemble or pals
over faults committed in thoſe matters : For no man (faith he) at the firſt that, committeth any fault,
doth alone trouble the ſtare of the Commonwealth : but withall , we muſt think he leaveth the
\__ Srounds of Civil Government, that is not as carefull tro keep the Inſtitutions of ſmall matters, as
The Diſcipline 21g of the great. So was he alſo a ſevere Captain, and ftrict obſerver of all Martial Diſcipline, not
_ ſeeking to win the. Souldiers love by flattery, when he was General inthe Field, as many did in that
time : neither corrupting them for a ſecond charge, by ſhewing bimſelf-- gentle and courteous in the
firſt, unto thoſe that ſerved under him : but himſelf did orderly ſhew thent the very Rules and Pre-
cepts of the Diſcipline of Wars, even as a Prieſt that ſhould expreſs the 'names' and Ceremonies of
ſome holy Sacrifice, wherein were danger to omit any part or parcel, Howbeit, being terrible to
executethe Law of Arms upon rebellious and diſobedient Souldiers, he>kept up thereby the ſtate of
the Commonyeal the better : judging. to overcome the Enemy by ferce, was but an acceſſary as 2
man may term it, in reſpe& of well training and ordering his Citizens by good Diſcipline. While the
Romans werein Wars againſt King entiochus ſurnamed the Great, in the South parts, all the
chiefeſt Captains of Rot being employed that ways, there fell our ; another” in. the neck of that,
Paulus JZEmy- in the Weſt parts towards SPAN, where they were. up in, Arms,' Thither they ſent eAmyl:
lius ſent Prz- Prztor, not with ſix Axes as the other Prztors had born before them, -but with twelve: ſo that un-
tor into ”_— der the name of Prztor, he had the Authority and Dignity of a Conſul, He'twice overcame the bar-
"4 mania barous People in main Battle, and ſlew thirty thouſand of them, and -got this Vidtory through his
place and time Zreat Skill and wiſdom, in chuſing the advantage of place and time, 'ro fight:with his Enemies, even
ro fight, as they paſſed over a River : which eaſily gave his Souldiers the Victory, Moreoyer,/ he rook there
two hundred and fifty Cities, all which did open, and gladly receive him in. So, leaving all that Coun-
trey quiet and in good peace, and having received their Fealty.by Oath made between his hands, h4
returned again to RoME, not inriched the value of a Drachma more than before, For then he took
little regard to his. expences, he ſpent ſo frankly, neither was his Purſe-his Maſter, though his Reve
$civio the ſe NVE Was not, great to bear it out, as it appeared to the World. after his death, for all that: he had w3s
Th and Fa. little enough to ſarifie his Wives Joynter, His firſt Wife was Papyria, the Daughter 'of a Noble
bius Maximus Conſul Papyrius eMaſſo, and after they had lived a long time togerher, he was divotced from her,
were the Sors notwithſtanding he had goodly Children by her. For,by her be had thar famous Scipio the ſecond, and
of Paulus - r,b;us Maximus. The juſt cauſe of the Divorce between them, appeared not to /us in writing :
pyria his firſt , BUF Pechinks the Tale that is told concerning the ſeparation of a certain Marriage is true : That
Wife, a certain ROMAN having forſaken bis Wife, her friends fell our with him, and asked him, y 1
or WET! ault
PAULUS EMYLIVUS.
207
fault doſt thou find in her ?.-is ſhe not honeſt of her body ? is ſhe not fair ? doth ſhe not bring thee
goodly Children? bur he putting forth his foot, ſhewed them his Shoe, and anſwered them : is A pretty Tale
not thisa goodly Shoe? is not it finely made? and is it not new? yer I dare ſay thereis never a one 9f 2 _ Roman
| that forſook
his Wite,
of you can tell where it wringeth me. For to ſay truly, great and open faults are commonly occali-
ons to.make Husbands put away their Wives : but yet otrentimes houſhold words run fo berween
them (proceeding of crooked Conditions, or of diverſity of Natures, which ſtrangers are not pri-
vy unto) that in proceſs of time they do beget ſuch a ſtrange alteration of love and minds in them,
as one houſe can no longer hold them. So </Emylixzs, having put away Papyria his firſt Wife, he
married another that brought him rwo Sons, which he brought up with himſelf in his Houſe, and
ave his two firſt Sons (to wit, Scipio the ſecond, and Fabizs Maxims) in adoption to two of
the Nobleſt and richeſt Families of the Ciry of Rome. The elder of the twain, unto Fabins Ma-
ximus, he that was five times Conſul, and the younger unto the Houſe of the Cornelians, whom
the Sonof the great Scipio the AFRICAN did adopt, being his Couſin-german, and named him
Scipio, Concerning his Daughters, the Son of {ato married the one, and Elius Tubero the other, x1, nam
who was a marvellous honeſt man, and did more nobly maintain himſelf in his poverty, than any , tins Tubcrs
other ROMAN : for they were ſixteen perſons all of one name, and of the Houſe of the e/Eltans, hispoverty and
very near akin one to the other, who had all but one little Houſe in the City, and a ſmall Farm 9vi*t lite,
in the Countrey, wherewith they entertained themſelves, and lived all rogether in one Houſe, with
their Wives, and many little Children, A their Wives, one of them was the Daughter of
Paulus Amylings, after he had been twice Conlul, and had triumphed twice, not being aſhamed
of her Husbands poverty, but wondring at his Vertue that made him poor, Whereas Brethren and [nnaturality
amonglt kin-
nor one. 1... infamous.
Kinſmen, as the World goeth now, if they dwell not far afſunder, and in other Countries,
near another, and that Rivers part them nor, or Walls divide their Lands, leaving great wafts be-
tween them : they are never quiet, bur till in quarrell one with another. Goodly examples doth
this Story lay betorethe wiſe, and well adviſed Readers, to learn thereby how to frame their life,
and wiſely to behave themſelves. Now eAmylixs being choſen Conſul, went ro make War with ./Zmyltus
the LiGurtaNns, who dwelled in the ALPES, and which otherwiſe. are called Licusrixxs. Covlul,
Theſe are very valiant and warlike men, and were very good Souldiers at that time, by reaſon of
their continual Wars againſt the Romans, whoſe near neighbours they were. For they dwelr
in the furtheſt part of IT ALy, that bordereth upon the great AL ys, and the row of ALPES,
whereof the foot joyneth to the THuscAN Sea, and pointeth rowards ArRicx, and are min-
gled with the Gaurs and SPANIARDS , Neighbours unto the Sea Coaſt ; who ſcowring all
the Mediterranian Sea at that time, unto the ſtraight of Hercules pillars, did with their little ight
Pinnaces of Pirates, let all the Traffick and entercourſe of Merchandize, <£mylins being gone to
ſeek them intheir Country, they tarried his coming with an Army of forty thouſand men : never-
theleſs, though he had bur eight chouſand menin all, and that they were five to one of his , yer he
cave the onſet upon them, and overthrew them, and drave them into their Cities. Then he ſent to of-
fer them peace, for the Romans would not altogether deſtroy the L1Gur1ans , becauſe their
Countrey was as a Rampier or Bulwark againſt the invaſion of the Gaurs, who lay lurking for At
Vercometnh tte
Ligurians,
opportunity and occaſion to invade ITALY ; whereupon theſe L1Gurians yielded themfelves
unto him, and pur all their Forts and Ships into his hands. <Amylins delivered unto them their
Holds again, without other hurt done unto them, ſaving that he razed the Walls of their Forrtifi-
cations ; howbeir he rook all their Ships from them, leaving them little Boats of three Oars onely,
and no greater ; and ſer all the Priſoners at liberty they had taken, both by Sea and by Land, as well
RomANS as other, which were a marvellous number, Theſe were all the notable aRs he did wor-
thy memory, in the firſt year of his Conſulſhip. Afterwards he oftentimes ſhewed himſelf very
deſirous to be Conſul again, and did put forth himſelf ro ſue for it : bur when he was denied it, he
never after made ſute for it again, bur gave himſelf onely to ſtudy Divine things, and to ſee his Chil
dren vertuouſly brought up, not onely in the Roma nx Tongue which himſelt was- taught, but alſo
a little more curioully in the Gxetx Tongue. For he did not onely retain Grammarians, Rhe-
toricians, and Logicians,but alſo Painters,Gravers of Images,Riders of Horſes,and Hunts of Gxt tc
about his Children : and he himſelf alſo (if no matters of Commonwealth troubled him) was ever
with them in the School when they were at their Books, and alſo when they otherwiſe did exerciſe
themſelves. For he loved his Children as much or more than any other Roman. Now concerning
cowardly behaved themſelves, as their Enemies laughed them to ſcorn : and they received more hurt
of them, than they did unto the King. For not long before, they had driven King Antiochus beyond
Mount Taxras, and made him forſake the reſt of As14, and had ſhut him up within the Borders of
SYRIA, Who was glad that he had bought that Countrey with fifteen thouſand Talents, which he
| paid foraFine. A little before alſo, they had overcome Philip King of Mac epon in THesSALY,
and had delivered the Gxtc1axs from the bondage of the Mactpoxians. And moreover,
having overcome Hannibal (unto whom no Prince nor King that ever was inthe World was compa-
rable, either for his power or valiantneſs ) thought this roo great a diſhonour to them, that
this War they had againſt King ms, ſhould hold ſo long of even hand with them, as if he had
been an Enemy equall with the People of Row : conſidering alſo that they fought not againſt them,
but with the refuſe and ſcattered People of the overthrown Army his Father bad loſt _—
an
The cowardlj-
: \ f
the ſtare of the Commonwealth, the Romans were at Wars with King Perſeus, and they much —
blamed the Captains they had ſent thicher before, for that for lack of skill and courage, they had ſo $94ix,
7 = _— v2»
—_—_ _ _— -
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p_ - _ + «to Cm - = —_ oo — 5
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vs PAUL VUSEMYLIUS.
—
_
. and knew not that Phzlip had left his Army ſtronger, and more expert by reaſon of his overthrow,
The ſucceſſion than it was before : as I will briefly rehearſe rhe Story from the beginning. Antigonus, who was of
of Antigonus the greateſt power of all the Caprains and Succeſſors of eAlexander the Great, having obtained for
King of 2{4c*- himſelf and his Poſterity the Title of a King, had a Son called Demetrius, of whom came Antizo.
den. 71 the ſecond, that was ſurnamed Goratos, whoſe Son was alſo called Demetrius, that raigned no
long time, but died, and left a young Son called Philip. By reaſon whereof, the Princes and No-
biliry of Mactpox, fearing that the Realm ſhould be left without Heir, they preferred vne 47:
tigonus, couſin to the laft deceaſed King, and made him matry the Mother of Philip the leſs, giving
him the name at the firſt of the Kings ProteQor onely, and Lieutenant Generall of his Majeſty, Bur
after, when they bad found he was a good and wiſe Prince, and a good Husband for the Realm, they
Antigonus Do- then gave him the abſolute name of a King, and ſurnamed him Doſin, to ſay, the Giver : for he pro-
ſon King of qiſed much and gave little. After him raigned Philzp, who in his green youth gave more hope ot
—_— oe himſelf, than any other of the Kings before : inſomuch as they thought that one day he would re-
pe «> ſtore Mactpon her ancient Fame and _ » and that he alone would pluck down the pride
overcomein and power of the Romans, who roſe again all the World. But after that he had loſt a great
Bartle by Titus Bartle, and was overthrown by Titus Quintus Flaminius near unto the City of Scortusa,
Crane * then he began to quakefor fear, and to leave all to the mercy of the Romans , thinking he eſca-
City oScoruſe ped good cheap, for any light Ranſome or Tribute the Roma ns ſhould impoſe upon him, Ye
Philips ſecond afterwards coming to underſtand himſelf , he grew to diſdain it much, thinking that to raign
preparation for through the favour of the Romans, was but to make himſelf a Slave, to ſeek to live in plea-
War in Mace- ſyre at his eaſe, and not for a valiant and noble Prince born, Whereupon he ſet all his mind to ſty-
mn. dy the Diſcipline of Wars, and made his preparation as wiſely and cloſely as poſlibly he could. For
he left all his Towns along the Sea Coaſt, and ſtanding upon any High-ways, without any fortifi-
cation at all, and in manner deſolate without People, to the end there might appear no occaſion of
doubt or miſtruſt in him: and in the mean time, in the high Countries of his Realm far from great
beaten ways, he levyed a great number of men of War, and repleniſhed his Towns and ſtrong
Holds that lay ws, abroad, with Armour and Weapon, Money and Men, providing for
Philips Ar- War, which he kept as ſecretly as he could. For he had Proviſion of Armour in his Arnioury, to
moury. arm thirty thouſand men, and eight million buſhels of Corn ſafely lockt up in his Forts and ſtron-
ger places, and ready Money, as-much as would ferve to entertain ten thoufand ſtrangers in pay,
to defend his Countrey for the ſpace of ten years, But before he could bring that ro paſs he had
The death of PUrPſed, be died for grief and forrow, after he knew he had unjuſtly put Demetrius the beſt of
Kine Philip, Þis Sons to death, upon the falſe accuſation of the worſt, that was Perſeus : who as he did inherit the
E Kingdom of his Father by ſucceffion, ſo did he alſo inherit his Fathers malice againſt the Roma xs.
But he had no ſhoulders to bear fo heavy a burden, and eſpecially being as he was, a' man of ſo vile
and wicked nature :\ for among many lewd and naughty conditions he had, he was extream covetous
Perſeus ex® ard miſerable. They ſay alſo, that he was not legitimate, becauſe Philsps wife had taken him from
treamcoverous (Zyithainia (a Taylors Wife born at ARGo05) immediately after he was born, and did adopt the
Child to behers. And ſome think that this was the chiefeſt cauſe why he praRiſed to pur Deme-
tris to death, fearing leſt his lawfull Son would ſeek occaſion to prove him a Baſtard, Notwith-
Kino Per ſanding, ſimple though he was, and of vile and baſe nature, he found the ſtrength of his Kingdom ſo
g Perſeus 7 ; ; l
maketh War great, that he was contented to take upon him to make War againſt the Roma ns, which he main-
with the Ro- tained a long time, and fought againſt their Conſuls, that were their Generals, and repulſed great Ar-
mans, _ mies of theirs both by Sea and Land, and overcame ſome, As Pablins Licinius among other, the firſt
: pores eras that invaded MAacztpon, was overthrown by him in a Battle of Horſemen, where he flew at that
verthrown by time two thouſand five hundred good men of his, and took fix hundred Priſoners, And their Army
Perſeus, oy Sea, riding at anchor before the City of Ox zum, he did ſuddenly ſet upon, and took twenty great
Ships of burden, and all that was in them, and ſunk the reſt , which were all loaden with Corn : and
Heſtilius Con- £90k of all ſorts beſides, about 54. Foyſts and Galliots of fifty Oars apiece. The ſecond Conſul and
ſul repulſed General he fought withall, was Hoſtilixs, whom he repulſed, attempring by force to invade Ma ct-
out of Macedon DON by way of the City of Exum1a. Another time again, when he entred in by ſtealth upon the
Coaſt of THEsSALY, he offered him Battle, but the other durſt not abide it. And as though this
War troubled himnothing art all, and that he had cared little for the Romans, he went and fought
a Battle in the mean time with the DaRDaNn1aNns, where he ſlew ten thouſand of thoſe barbarous
People, and brought away a marvellous ſpoil. Moreover he procured the Nation of the Gauts
Baſtarne the dwelling upon the River of Danuby, which they call 'Baſtarne (men very warlike, and excellent good
OY Horſemen) and did practiſe with the It.LyRTans alſo by means of their King Gentixs, to make
fD ks "** them join with him in this War : ſo that there ran a rumour, that for Money he had gotten thoſe
" Gaurs to come down into ITAtY, from the high Countrey of Gaur all. along the Adriatic
Sea, TheRomans being advertiſed of theſe news, thought the time ſerved not now-to diſpoſe their
Offices in Wars any more by grace and favour unto thoſe that ſued for them : but contrariwiſe, that
they ſhould call ſome Nobleman that were very skilfull and a wife Captain, and could diſcreetly g0-
vern and perform things of great charge : as Paulus eAmylius, a man well ſtepped on in years, be-
ing threeſcore years old, and yet of good power, by reaſon of the lufty young men his Sons, and Sons
in Law, beſides a great number of his friends and Kinsfolk. So all that bare great authority, did all roge-
ther with one conſent counſel him to obey the People, which called him to the Conſulſhip. Atthe be-
ginning indeed he delayed the People much that came to 'importune him, and utterly —
| ayingy
PAULUS AMYLIUS.
ſaying, he was no meet man neither to deſire, nor yet to take upon him any charge. Howbeit in the
end, ſeeing the people did urge it upon him, by knocking continually at his gates, and calling him aloud
in the ſtreets, willing him to come into the Market-place, and perceiving they were angry with him,
becauſe he refuſed it , he was content to be perſwaded, And when he ſtood among them that ſued for
the Conſulſhip , the people thought ſtraight that he ſtgod nor there ſo much for deſire of the Office,
as for that he put them in bope ot aſſured victory , and happy ſucceſs of this begun War : (6 great
was their love towards him, and the good hope they had ot him , that they choſe him Confull again ./Zny/ius cho.
the ſecond time. - Wherefore ſo ſoon as he was choſen, they would not proceed to drawing of Lots {en Conſul the
according to their cuſtom , which of the two Conſulls ſhould happen to go into MAaczv0 x : bur _ _
preſently with a full and whole conſent of them all , they gave him the whole charge of the Wars of #1. We,
MAcEDON, So being Conſull now, and appointed to. make War upon King Perſexs, all the Macedon, ©
people did honourably accompany him home unto his houſe : where a little Girle (a Daughter of
his ) called Tertia, being yet an infant, came weeping unto her Father. He making much of her, Good luck
asked her why ſhe wept : The poor Girle anſwered , colling him about the neck , and kitling him , pronounced by
Alas Father , wot you what ? our Perſeus is dead. She meant it by a little Whelp (o called, which SEO
was her play-fellow. In good hour my Girle, (aid he, 1 like the ſign well. Thus did Cicero the ©
Orator report gf it in his book of Divinations. The Romans, had a cuſtom at that time, thar
ſuch as were ele&ted Conſulls ( after that they were openly proclaimed ) ſhould make an Oration of
thanks unto the people , for the honour and favour they had ſhewed him. The people then ( ac-
cording to the _ being gathered together ro hear e/£myliz ſpeak , he made this Oration
unto them : © Tharthe firſt tume he ſued ro be Conſull , was in reipe&of bimfelf,; ftanding at that Paulus Fmy-
«ime in need of ſuch honour : now he offered himſelf the ſecond time unto it, for the good love /ins Oration
*he bare unto them, who ſtood in need of a Generall ; wherefore he thought himſelf nothing ol uote ro
« bound nor beholding unto them now. And if they did think alſo*this War might be better ,þ.n be was
© followed by any other then by himſelf, he would preſently with all his heart reſign the place. Conſul, cbſer-
&« Furthermore, it they had any truſt or confidence in him, that they thought him a man ſufficient to ving the cu-
& diſcharge it : then that they would not ſpeak nor meddle in any matter that concerned his duty ; *9®- |
«61nd the Office of a General , ſaving onely, that they would be diligent ( without any words ) to
« qo whatſoever he commanded , and ſhould be neceſſary for the War and ſervice they took
«* in hand. For if eyery man would be a Commander, as they had been heretofore, of thoſe by whom
« they ſhould be commanded ; then the world would more laugh them to ſcorn in this ſervice, then
& ever before had been accuſtomed. Thele words made the Romans very obedient to him ; and
perceiving good hope to come , being all of them very glad that they had refuſed thoſe ambitious flat-
rerers that ſued for the charge , and had given it unto a man , that durſt boldly and frankly tell them
the troth, Mark how the Romans by yeelding unto reaſon and vertue , came to command all Se what fraic
other, and to make themſelves the mightieſt people of the world. Now that Paulus e/Emylius [ets _—_ reap
ting forward to this War , had wind at will, and fair paſſage to bring him to his journeys end, I 4 ——_— ”
impute it to good\fortune, that ſo quickly and ſafely conveyed him to his Camp, But for the reft of ;
his exploits he did in all his War , part of them being performed by his own hardineſs, other by
his wiſdom and good counſell , other by the diligence of his friends in ſerving him with good will,
other by his own reſolute conſtancy and courage in exrreameſt danger, and laſt, by his marvellous kill
in determining at an inſtant what was to be done, I cannot attribute any notable a& or worthy ſer-
vice unto this his good fortune they talk of ſo much, as they may do in other Captains doings ; un-
leſs they will ſay peradventure , that Perſexs covetouſneſs and miſery was e/£mylins good tortune : þ
for his miſerable fear of ſpending Money, was the onely cauſe and deſtruction of the whole Realm of Ferjes cover
MAcEDON , which was 1h good ſtate and hope of continuing in proſperity. For there came down into miſery,was the
the Countrey of MACEDON at King Perſe requeſt, ten thouſand Baſtarnz a Horſe-back, and as ma- 4eltruQion of
ny Footmen to them, who always joyned with them in batelZall mercenary Souldiers , depending up- ears
on pay and entertainment, of Wars, as men.that could not plow, nor ſow, nor traffick merchandizes —_— "
by ſea, nor skill of grazingto gain their living with : and to be ſhort, that had no other occupation or Baſtarnz,s
merchandizes bur tb ſerye in the Wars, and to overcome thoſe with whom they fought. Further- mercenary
more,” when they came to incarap and lodge in the MzDica , nearto the MAaczpON1ans, who people.
law them ſo goodly great men , and ſo well. trained and exerciſed in handling all kind of Weapons,
ſo brave and luſty in words and threats againſt their Enemies : they began to pluck up their hearts a
and to look big , imagining that the Rowans would never abide them z but would be afraid r0
look them in the face, and onely to ſee their march, it was ſo terrible and fearfull, But Perſeus after he
had encouraged his men in this ſort, and. had put them in ſuch a hope and jollity; when this barba-
rous ſupply came to ask him a thouſand Crowns in hand for every Captain ,' tie was ſo damped and Neote whar
troubl a withall in his mind, caſting up the ſum it came to , that his onely covetouſneſs and miſery became of Pey.
made tum return them back , and refuſe their ſervice : not as one that meant to hght with the Ro- ſens husbancry
MAN'S , but rather to __ his Treaſure, and to be a husband for them, as if he ſhould have given up
a ſtraight aceount unto them. of his charges in this War, againſt whom be made it. And notwithſtand-
ng alſo his Enemies did teach him whar he had to do , confidering that beſides all other their warlike
furniture and nwnition , they had no lefs then a hundred thouſand fighting men Iying in Camp to- A--lius
gether , ready to execute the Conſulls commandment : yer he raking upon him to reſiſt ſo puifſant 2!" 282inft
an Army, and to maintain the Wars , which forced his Enemies to be at extream charge in en- Dupe
tertaingng ſuch mylticudgs of men , more then needed : oy would depart with his Gold and Sil- tand men,
ver,
PAULUS EMYLIVS.
——
Gentius King
of the Illyrians
aided Perſeus.
Perſeus double
dealing with
King Gentius.
King Gentius
overcome by
Lucius Ancius
Prztor,
Perſeus lay at
the foot of the
mount Olympus
with 4000
Horſemen,
and 42000
Footmen.
JEmylius ad-
monirien to
his $ouldiers.
Paulus JEmy-
lius would have
the Watch to
have no Spears
nor Pikes.
= Original
Fountains
compared to
Worgens
brealts,
ver , but kept it ſafe locked up in his Treaſury , 4s if he bad been afraid to touch it, and had been
none of his. And hedid not ſhew that he came of the noble race of the Kings of LyD1a and
PHoENICIA , who gloried to be rich : but ſhewed how by inheritance of bloud he chalenged ſome
part of the vertue of Phil;p, and of Alexander , who borh becauſe they efteemed to buy Victory
with Money , not Money with Victory , did many notable things , and thereby conquered the
world. Hereof came the common ſaying in old time , that it was not Phzlzp , but his Gold and Sil.
yer that won the Cities of GREECE. And Alexander when he went to conquer the Inpizs :
ſeeing the MA cEDONIANS carry With them all the' wealth of Pzxs1a, which made his Camp
very heavy , and ſlow to march : he himſelf firſt of all ſer fire on his own Carriage that conveyed
all his neceflaries, and perſwaded other to do the like, that they might march more lightly and
eaſily on the journey, But Perſexs contrarily would not ſpend any part of his Goods to {ave him-
ſelf, his Children and Realm, but rather yeelded to be led Priſoner in Triumph with a great Ran-
ſom, to ſhew the Romans how good a husband he had been for them. For he did not onely
ſend away the GauLs without giving them pay as he had promiſed, but moreover having per.
ſwaded Gentius King of ILLYRIA to take his part in theſe Wars, for the ſum of three hundred
Talents which he had promiſed to furniſh him with : he cauſed the Money to be told , and put up in
bags by thoſe whom Gentix« ſent to receive it. Whereupon Gentix thinking himſelf ſure of the
Money promiſed , committed a fond and foul part : for he- ſtayed the Ambaſſadours the Romans
ſent unto him , and commizted them to priſon. This part being come to Perſexs ears, he thought
now he rteded not hire him with Money to be an Enemy to the Romans , conſidering he had
waded ſo far, as that he had already done , was as a manifeſt fign of his ill will towards them; and
that it was too late ro look back and repent him, now that his foul part had plunged him into
certain Wars, for an uncertain hope. So did he abuſe the unfortunate King, and defrauded
him of the three hundred Talents he had promiſed him. And worſe then this , ſhortly after he
ſuffered Lucixe Ancins the Romans Pretor , whom they ſent againſt him with an Army, to pluck
King Gentius, his Wife and Children out of his Kingdom, and to carry them Priſoners with
kim, Now when e/£mylins was arrived in MA CEDON, to make War againft ſuch an Enemy,
he made no manner of reckoning of his perſon , but of the great preparation and power he had,
For in one Camp he had four thouſand Horſemen , and no leſs then forty thouſand Footmen,
with the which Army he had planted himſelf along the ſea fide , by the foot of the Mount 0lym-
pus , in a place unpoſſible #0 be approached : and there he had ſo well fortified all the ſtraights and
paſſages unto him with fortifications of wood , that he thought himſelf to lie ſafe out of all dan-
ger, and imagined to with </£mylius , and by traft of time to eat him out with charge.
e/Emylius in the mean ſeaſon lay not idle , but occupied his wits throughly , and left no means
unattempted, to put ſomething in proof. And. perceiving that his Souldiers by overmuch licen-
tious liberty ( wherein by ſufferance they lived before ) were angry with delaying and lying till,
and that they did bufily occupy themſelyes in the Generals office , ſaying this, and ſuch a thing
would be done that is not done : he took them up roundly , and commanded them they ſhould
meddle no more too curiouſly in matters that pertained not to them , and thar they ſhould take care
for nothing elſe., butzo ſee their Armour and Weapon ready to ſerve valiantly, and to uſe their
Swords after the Romans faſhion, when their General ſhould appoint and command them,
Wherefore, to make them more carefull to look to themſelves , he commanded thoſe that watch-
ed , ſhould have no Spears nor Pikes , becauſe they ſhould be more wakefull, having no long Wea-
pon to reſiſt the Enemy , if they were aſſaulted. The greateſt trouble his Army had , was lack of
freſh Water , becauſe the Water that ran to the Sea, was very little, and marvellous foul by the
Sea fide. But efmylius conſidering they were at the foot of the Mount Olympus ( which is of a
marvellous height , and full of Wood withall ) conjectured , ſeeing the Trees 4 fleſh and green, that
there ſhould be ſome little prery Springs imong them, which ran under the ground.* So he made them
dig many holes and Wells along the Mountain , which were ftraight filled with fair Water, being
pent within ground before for lack of breaking open the heads, which 'then ran down in ſtreams,
and met together in ſundry places. And yet ſome do deny, that there is any meeting of Waters with-
in the ground , from whence the Springs bo come : and they fay, that running out of the earth as they
do , it isnot for that the Water breaketh out by any violence, or openeth in any place, as meeting
together in one place of long time : but that it ingendreth and riſeth at the ſame time and place where
it runnethnot, turning the ſubſtance into Water, which is a moiſt vapour, thickned and made cold
by the coldneſs of the earth , and ſo becometh a ſtream-and runneth down, For ( ſay they ) 3
Womens breaſts are not always full of Milk ( as Milk-pansare that continually keep Milk ) but do
of themſelves convertthe nutriment Women take into Milk”, and ffter cometh forth at their nippls,
even ſo the Springs and watery places of the earth , from whence the Fountains come, have no meet-
ings of hidden Waters, nor hollow places ſo capable readily to deliver Water from them , as one
would draw it out of a Prump or Ciftern, from ſo many Brooks, and deep Rivers : but by their natu-
rall coldneſs and moiſture , they wax thick, and put forth the vapour and air ſo ftrong , that they
turn it into Water, And this is the reaſon why the places where they dig and open the earth , do put
forth more abundance of Water by opening the ground : like as Womens breaſts do give more Milk
when they are moſt drawn and ſuckt , becauſe in a ſort they do better feed the vapour within them,
and convert it thereby into a running humour, Where to the contrary , thoſe parts of the earth that
are not digged, nor have no vent outward, are the more unable , and leſs meet to ingender =
| ving
PAULUS A MYLIUS:.
having not that provocation and courſe to run , that cauſeth the bringing forth of moiſture; Yet
ſuch as maintain this opinion, do. give them occaftion that loye argument, to contrary them thus :
Then we may ſay by like reaſon alſo , that in the boies of beaſts there is no. bloud. long before, ard
that it ingendreth upon a ſudden,,. when they are hurt , by transferring of ſome ſpirit or fleſh that
readily changeth into ſome running liquor. | And moreover , they are confuted by the common ex-
perience of thoſe mine-men, that dig in the minesfor mertall , or char undermine Caſtles ro win them : (|
who when they dig any great depth , do many times meer in the bowels of the earth with runntng
Rivers, the water whereot is not ingendred by little and little , as of neceſlity it ſhould be, if it were
true , that upon the preſent opening of the ground , the humour ſhould immediately be created, but ir
fallerh vehemently all at one time. And we ſee oftentimes , that in cutting thorow a Mountain or
Rock, ſuddenly there runneth out a great quantity of water. And thus much for this matter. Now
to return to-our Hiſtory again. - «/£mylirs lay there a convenient time , and ſtirred not : and it is ſaid
there were neyer ſeen two ſo great Armies one {o near to the other , and to be ſo quiet. In the end,
caſting many things with himſelf, and deviſing ſundry practiſes, he was informed of another way to
enter into MAGEDON , through the Countrey of PzrR&B1a , over againſt the Temple called Py-
thion, andthe Rock upon which it is built, where there lay no Gariſon : which gave him beter hope
to paſs that way , for that it. was not kept , then that he feared the narrowneſs and hardneſs of the
way unto it, So, he brake the matter of his counſel, Thereupon Scipzo called Naſica (the Son adopted Scipio Naſics,
of that great $cipio.the AFRICAN , who became afterwards a great man, and was Preſident of the and Fabius
Senate or Councell) was the firſt man that offered himſelf ro lead them, whom it would pleaſe him rg #/xin%s, offer
ſend to take that paſſage, and to aſſault their Enemies behind. The ſecond was Fabins Maximm, the W _—
eldeſt Son of eAmylixs, who being but a very young man , roſe notwithſtanding, and offered himſelf Straights
very willingly. «£mylins was very gat of their otters, and gave them not ſo many men as Polybirgs
writeth, but ſomany as Naſica himſelf declareth in a, Letter ot his he wrote to a King , whete he re-
porteth all the ſtory of this journey. - There were | hree thouſand IT.aLiaNs, leavied. in ITaLy, by
the confederates of the Roma N's., who were not of the Roxay, Legions, and in the left wing
about Five thouſand: - Beſides thole , Naſica took allo One hundred and twenty men at Arms, and
about Two hundred CRETANS and THRACIANS mingled together, of thoſe Harpalus had ſent
thither. With this number Naſica departed from the Camp, and took his way. toward the ſea fide,
1 and lodged by the Temple of Hercules, as.it, he determined to do this feat by ſea; to environ the
nd Camp of the Enemies behind; But when the Souldiers had ſupped, and that it was dark night , be
N- made the Captains of every Band privy to his enterpriſe , and ſo. marched all night a contrary way
de. from the ſea, untill'at length they came under the Temple of Python, where he lodged to reft the Soul-
= diers that were ſore travelled all night. In this place, the mount Olympus is above ten furlongs high, as :
EN- appeared in a place ingraven by him that meaſured it, Eo of
ill, 'F © Olympus mount us juſt, by nieaſure made with line, 0 rhveray
T welve hundred ſeventy paces trod, as meaſure can aſſign.
The meaſure heing made, right 'o're againſt the place,
Whereas Apollo's Temple ſtands, ybuzlt. with ſtately grace.
Eves from the level plot, of that ſame Countries plain, _
Unto the top which all on high, doth on the hill remain. _
And ſo Xenagor aa the Son of” Eumelus, | 6
In olden days by meaſure, made , the ſame. gid find for us : *
«And did engrave it bere zu writing for to ſee; |
| Whenas he took, bus latefs leave ( Apoltagod ) of thee.
Yet the Geometricians ſay that there is no Mountain higher , nor Sea deeper, then the length of
ten furlongs : ſo that I think this Xenagorgs ( in my opinion ) did not take his :meafure ar adven-
ture, and by gueſs , but by true. rules of the Art and inſtruments Geometrical;.'; There Naſica re-
ſted all night. King Perſeus. perceiving in the, meantime that «/Z£3xy64 ſtirred not ftom the place
where he lay, miſtruſting nothing his practiſe , and.the coming of- aſica, who was, at hand ; untill
ſuch time as a Traytor of C&tTE ( ſtealing from Naſica ) did reveal unto him-the- pretended pra-
Qtiſe, as alſo the Romans compaſling of him about : he wondred. much ar theſe-news., how-
beit he removed not his Camp from the place he lay in, but..diſpatched , one of his Captains cal-
led Milon, with Ten thouſand Strangers, and Two thoufand MacEtDoOx1aNs : and {traightly
commanded him with all the poſlible ſpeed he could, to get the top of the hill before them. Poly-
bizs faith, that the Romans cate and gave them an alarm, when they were. fleeping : But
Naſica writeth., that there was a marvellous ſharp and .terrible Battel on the top of : Moun-
rain; and laid plainly , -that a ThRa<1aN Souldier coming towards him, be threw his Dart at
him, and hicting him; right in, the breaſt, ſlew han ſtark dead, and having repulſed their Enemies, Nz/ica won
ion their Captain ſhamefully running away in his Coat withour Armour or Weapon, he followed the Straights
him without any danger , and {o went down to the valley , with the ſafery of all his. Company. * *{«40n-
ThisconfliQt. fortuning thus , Perſeus raiſed his Camp in great, haſte-from the place where he was,
and being diſappointed of. his hope ,, be retired-in great fear , as one at his wits end , and-not knowing
how to etermine. Yet was he conſtrained either to- ſtay , and incamp before the City of Pydxe ,
there t0 take the hazard of Battel,,.or elſe ro divide his Army. into his Cities and ſtrong holds , and
t0 receive. the Wars within his. own Countrey,- the which being once crept in , could never be dri-
ven Out agan , without great mirder and bloyd{hed. Hereupon. his friends did counſel him, ro
; | + chuſe
PAULUS AMYLIVUS.
chuſe rather the fortune of battel : alledging unto him , that he was the ſtronger in men a great way,
and that the Mac £DON1a Ns would fight luſtily with all the courage they could , conflering that
they fought for the {afery of their Wives and Children , and alſo in the preſence of their King , who
ſhould both ſee every mans doing , and fizhr himſelf in perſon alſo for them. The King moved by
Pcrſeuspitched theſe perſwafions, determined to venture the chance of battel. So he pitched his Camp and viewed
his Camp the ſituation of the places all about , and divided che Companies amongſt his Caprains , purpoſing
--— tag to-give a hot charge upon the Enemies when rhey ſhould draw near. The place and Countrey was
a 6 ſuch, as being all champion, there was a goodly' valley to range a barrel of Footmen'in, and little
prety hills alſo one depending upon another , which were very commodious for Archers, naked men,
and ſuch as were lightly armed, to retire themſelves being diſtreſſed ,” and alſo to environ their ene.
The River of Mics behind, There were two ſmall Rivers alſo , 'e/£ſon and Lexcx that ran through the ſame, the
ſon and Which though they were not very deep, being abour rhe latter end of Summer , yet they would an.
T euCKs. noy the Romans notwithſtanding, Now when e/Zmyl:xs was joyned with —_— he marched
on ſtraight in battel ray towards his enemies. Burt perceiving afar off their battel marched in ve
good order, and the great multitude of men placed in the ſame : he wondred to behold it , and ſud-
denly ſtayed his Army , conſidering with himſelf what he had ro do. Then the young Captains
having charge under him , defirous to fight it our preſently , went unto him to pray him to give the
onſer, but Naſica ſpecially above the reſt , having good hope in the former good luck he had at his
JEnylius an- firſt encounter. e/£mylixs ſmiling , anſwered him : So would I do if I were as young as.thou , Bur
ſwer to — the ſundry ViRories I have won beretofore, having taught me by experience the tqults the vanquiſh-
_ "$162. ed do commit, do forbid me to go ſo botly-ro work ( before my Souldiers have reſted, which
ww > did return but now ) to affault an Army fer in ſuch order of battel. When he had anſwered him
mies. thus, he commanded the firſt Bands that were now in view of the Enemies , ſhould embartel them-
The skill and -ſelyes, ſhewing a countenance to the Enemy as though they would fight , and thar thoſe in the rere-
—_— wa ward ſhould lodge in the mean time , and fortifie the Camp : So, bringing the foremoſt men to be
pt hindmoſt, by changing from mar! to man , before the Enemies were aware of it , he had broken his
battel by little and little, and: lodged his men , fortified within the Camp without any tumult or
noiſe,” and the enemies never perceiving it, But 'when night came, and every man had ſupped, as
The” eclivſe of *&y were going to ſleep and take their reſt ; the Moon which was at the full, and of a great
Yo Mg © height , beg to' darken and'to' change into many ſorts of colours, loſing her light, uncill ſuch time
The ſuperfti. as the vaniſhed awiy , and was <cipled altogether. Then the Roxans began to make a noiſe
tion of the with Baſons'and Pans, as their faſhion is to do in ſuch a. chance, thinking by this ſound to call
Romans when her.again, and' to make her come to her light , lifting up many Torches lighted and firebrands in-
the Moons to-the air, 'The MACEDONTANS on the other fide did no ſuch matter within the Camp, but
FT. au alrogether ftricken with an horrible fear _: and there ran a whiſpering rumour through the
The cauſe.of .; people , that this fign in the element ſignified the” eclipſe of rhe King. For <Amylins was not
an eclipſe of jgnorant of the diverſities of the eclipſes, and he had heard fay the cauſe is , by reaſon thatche Moon
the Moon. making her ordinary courſe \about-the world ( after 'certain revolutions 6f time ) doth come to
enter into the round ſhadow of theearth, within the which ſhe remaineth hidden , unrill ſuch time
as having paſt the dark region of the ſhadow , ſhe'cometh afterwards to recover her light which
ſhe taketh of the Sun, Nevertheleſs; he being a godly devout man , ſo ſoon as he perceived
the Moon had recovered her former brighrneſs' again, 'he ſacrificed | eleven Calves. And the
next morning alſo by the break*of day , making ſacrifice to Hercules , he could never have any
figns or tokens that promiſed him "good luck ,' in — rwenty Oxen one after another :; but
ar the one and twentieth he had ſigns that promiſed him victory ;"ſo'he defended himſelf, Where-
fore , after -he :had vowed a ſolemy Afacrifice of an hundred Oxen to Hercules , and alſo Games of
prizes atthe Weapons , he commanded his Captains to put their” men in readineſs to fight : and
ſo ſought-ro- win time, 'rarrying till rhe Sun came' abour in the*afternoon towards the Welt, to
the end that the Rom a ns which were turned' towards the Eaft;- ſhould not have it in their fa-
ces when they were fighting. In; the mean time ,' he repoſed himſelf in his Tent, which was all
open behind cowards the fide-that Fooked into: the yalley , where the Camp of his Enemies lay.
When it grew towards night, t0' triake the Enemies'ſet upon his men, ſome ſay he uſed this poli-
. He made a Horſe be driven towards them without a bridle, and certain Roma N s followed
JEnyliuspoli- him, as they: would havetaken him again : and this was the cauſe of procuring the skirmiſh, O-
ey ro Pe ©r® ther ſay, thar the Tyracians ſerving underthe charge of Captain eLlexander, did ſer upon cer-
TINY rain forragers of the ROMAaN's ,- that brought forrage into the -Camp : out of the which , ſeven
hundred of the -Li6ux1ans -ranfyddenly to the reſcue, and relief coming -ſtill from both
Armies, at the laſt the main battet'followed after. Wherefore e£mylizs likea wile General fore-
/. ſeeing by rhe'danger of this skirmiſh, and the 'Rtirring of both Camps, what the fury of the bat-
tel would: come ''to ':' came out of” his Tent , and aſi by the Bands did encourage them , and
prayed- them to ſtick to it like men, -In the mean time , Naſica thruſting himſelf into the place
where the skirmiſh was hotteſt , perceived the 'Army of the Enemies marching in battel ready t0
The Army of J0yn+ The firſt" chat 'marched ih” the vaward wert'the Tyxacrans, who ſeemed terrible 0
"he Maceds. look upon, as he writeth himſelf: for they were mighty made men., and carried marvellous bright
niane marching Targets of Steel before them , their legs were armed with Greaves, and their thighs with Tales,
againſt the their Coats were black , and marched ſhaking heavy Halberds npon their ſhoulders, Next uni
Romans in theſe THRACIANS , there followed.them all the other ſtrangers" and - Souldiers whom the ma
battel,
PAULUS AMYLIUS.
had hired , diverſly armed and fer forth : for they were people of ſundry Nations gathered together,
among whom the Pz0N1aNs were mingled. The third ſquadron was of Mactpon1axs,
and ail of them choſen men , as well for the flower of their youth , as for the valianineſs of their
perſons : and they were all in goodly gilt armours, and brave purple caffocks upon them , ſpick and
{pan new. And at their backs came after them, the old bands ro ſhew themſelves out of the
Camp with Targets of Copper , that madeall the Plain to ſhine with the brightneſs of their Steel
and Copper. And all the Hills and Mountains thereabouts did ring again like an Echo , with the
cry+and noiſe of ſo many fighting men, one encouraging another, In this order they marched ſo
fiercely with ſo great heart-burning , and ſuch ſwiftneſs ; that the firſt which were ſlain at the in-
counter, fell dead rwo furlongs trom the Camp of the Roma Ns. The charge being given and
the battel begun, «£»=ylis gallopping to the vaward of the Battel, perceived that the Captains
of the MAcEboN1iaNns which were in the firſt ranks , had already thruſt their Pikes into the Ro-
mans Targets, ſo as they could not come near them with chew Swords ; and that the other
MACcEDONIANS Carrying their Targets behind them , had now plucked them before them , and
did baſe their Pikes all at one time , and made a violent thruſt into the Targets of the Romans.
Which when he had conſidered , and of what ſtrength and force his wall and rank of Targets was,
one joyning ſo near another, and whar a terrour it was to lee a front of a battel with ſo many armed
Pikes and ſteel heads : he was more afraid and amazed withall, then with any fight he ever ſaw be-
' fore, nevertheleſs he could wiſely diſſemble it at that rime. . And fo paſling by the companies of his
Horſemen, without either Curaces or Helmec upon his head, he ſhewed a noble cheerfull countenance
unto them that fought, Bur on the contrary ſide, Perſexs the King of Mac tov, as Polybizs writeth,
ſo ſoon as the battel was begun , withdrew himſelf, and got into the City of PyDNe, under pre-
tence to g0 todo ſacrifice unto Hercules - who doth not accept the faint ſacrifice of Cowards , nei-
ther doth receive their Prayers, becauſethey be unreaſonable. For it is no reaſon, that he that thoot-
eth not ſhould hit the white : nor that he ſhould win the victory, that bideth nor the bartel ; neither
that he ſhould have any good, that doth nothing towards it : nor that a naughty man ſhould be tortu-
nate and proſper, The gods did favour eAmylixs prayers , becauſe he prayed for victory with his
Sword in his hand, and fighting did callto them for aid. Howbeit there is one Poſidonixs a Writer,
who faith he was in that time , and moreover that he was at the Battel : and he hath written an Hi-
ſtory containing many Books of the Acts of King Perſexs , where he ſaith, That it was not for faint
hearr, nor under colour to ſacrifice unto Hercules , that Perſeus went from the Battel , but becauſe
he had a ſtrip of an Horſe one the thigh the day betore : who though he could not very well help
himſelf, and that all his friends ſought ro perſwade him not to go to the Bartel , yet he cauſed one
of his Horſes to be brought to him notwithſtanding ( which he commonly uſed to ride up and
Qown on ) and taking his back , rode into the Barrel unarmed, where an infinice number of Darts
were thrown at him trom both ſides. And among thoſe, he had a blow with a Dart that hurt bim
ſomewhat, but it was overthwart , and not with the point, and did hit him on the left fide glancing
wiſe, with ſuch a force , that it rent his coat, and raſed his skin underneath, ſo as it left a mark be-
hind a long time after : And this is all that Poſidonixs writeth to detend and excuſe Perſeus, The Ro-
MANS having their hands full, and being ſtaied by the barrel of the Mactpont ans that they Satius a Cap-
could make no breach into them, there was a Captain of the PEL1GN1aNSs called Salixs , who —
elignians
took the En-
ſign,and threw
took the Enſign of his Band , and caſt it among the preale of his enemies, Then all the Px 11G-
NIANS ſer upon them, with a marvellous force and tury in that place : for all Iraz1ans think
it too great a ſhame and diſhonour for Souldiers to loſe or forlake their Enſign, Thus was there
marvellous force of both fide uſed in that place; for the PEL11GN1ans proved to cut the Mac e-
DONIANS Pikes with their Swords, orelſe to make them give back with their great Targets, or
to make a_breach into them, and to take their Pikes with cheir hands, But the Mactponiaxs
to the contrary holding their Pikes taſt with both hands, ran them through that came near unto
them, ſo tharneither Targer not Corſlet could hold out the torce and violence of the pufh of their
Pikes, inſomuch as they turned up the heels of the PeLiGNians and ThHRAclans, who
like deſperate beags without reaſon, ſhutting in themſelves among their enemies , ran wilfutly up-
on their own deaths, and their firſt rank were ſlain every man of them, Thereupon thoſe thar
were behind, gave back a little , but fled not turning their backs, and onely retired giving back
towards the Mountain Olocrus. e/Emylins ſeeing that ( as Poſigonins mba rent his arming coat
irom his back for anger , becauſe that ſome of his men gave back : other durſt not front the bat-
tel of the Maczvox1ans , which was ſo ſtrongly unbattelled on every fide and ſo mured in
with a wall of Pikes g,preſenting their armed heads on every fide a man could come , that it was
impoſhible to break into them , no not ſo much as come near / An onely. Yet notwithſtanding , be-
cauſe the field was not alrogether plain and even, the batrel chat was Jarge in the front , could nor
always keep that wall, continuing their Targets cloſe one to another, but they were driven of necetlity
(0 break and open in many places , asit happeneth oft in great bartels, according to the great force
ot the Souldiers : that in one place they thruſt forward , and in another they give back , and leave
a hole, Wherefore eAmylixs ſuddenly raking the vantage of this occaſion , divided his men into ſmall
companies, and commanded them they ſhould quickly thruſt in berween their enemirs, and occupy
the places they law void in the front ot their enemies, and that they ſhould ſer on them in thar ſorr,
and not with one whole continuall charge , but occupying them here and there with divers companies
in ſundry places, e/Emylins gave this charge unto the private Captains of every Band and their
T2 Lieutenants
The battel
berwixt Pere
ſeus and _E-
mylius.
Peyſeus goeth
out of the bat-
tel unto Pydnc,
Vicory won
by labour no:
by ſloth,
itamong the
encmics.
PAULUS ZMYLIUS.
Lieutenants , and the Captains alſo gave the like charge unto their Souldiers thar could Kkilfully exe:
cute their commandment, For they went preſently into thoſe parts where they ſaw the places open,
and being once entred in among them , ſome gave charge upon the flanks of the Maczpontans,
where they were all naked and unarmed : other ſet upon them behind, fo that the ſtrength of all the
corps of the battel ( which conſiſteth in keeping cloſe rogerher ) being opened in this ſort , was
ſtraight overthrown. Furthermore , when they came to fight man for man , or afew againſt a few,
the MacEDoNIANs With their little ſhort Swords, came to ftrike upon the great Shields of the
ROMaNs , which were very ſtrong, and covered all their bodies down to the foor. And they
to the contrary , were driven of neceſlity to receive the blows of the ſtrong heavy ſwords of the
RomaANS , upon their light weak Targets, ſo that what with their heavineſs , and vehement
force wherewith the blows lighted upon them , there was no Target nor Corfſlet , but they paſſed it
through, and ran them in ; by reaſon whereof they could make no long reſiſtance, whereupon th
—_ their backs and ran away. But when they came to the ſquadron of the old beaten Souldiers
of the MACEDONIANS , there was the cruelleſt fight and moſt deſperate ſervice , where they {ay
The valiant. hat Adarcus Cato ( Son of great Cato , and Son in law of e/£mylixs ) ſhewing all the valiant-
neſs of May. neſs in his perſon that a noble mind could. poſſibly perform, loſt his Sword which fell out of his
cus Cato, hand. Bur he like a young man of noble courage, that had been valiantly brought up in all diſcipline,
and knew how to follow the ſteps of his Father ( the nobleſt perſon that ever man ſaw ) was to ſhew
then his valour and worthineſs, and thought it more honour for him there to die, then living to
ſuffer his enemies to enjoy any ſpoil of his. So , by and by he ran into the, Rowan Army, to
find out ſome of his friends , whom he told what had befallen him , and prayed .them to help him to
recover his Sword; whereto they agreed, And being a good company of lufty valiant Souldiers
rogether , they ruſhed ſtraight among their enemies, ar the place where he brought them , and ſo did
ſet upon them with ſuch force and fury , that they made a lane through the midſt of them, and with
great ſlanghter and ſpilling of bloud , even by plain force, they cleared the way till before them,
Now when the place was voided, they ſought forthe Sword, and in the end found it with great ado,
amongſt a heap of other Swords and dead bodies , whereat they rejoyced marvellouſly, Then fng-
ing a ſong of viRtory , they went again more fiercely then before to give a charge upon their ene-
mies , who were not yet broken afunder : untill ſuch time as at the length, the three thouſand choſen
MAczDON1axs fighting valiantly even to the laſt man , and never forſaking their ranks , were all
ſlain in the place. After whoſe overthrow , there was a great ſlaughrer of other alſo that fled, fo
Emylius vis that all the valley and foot of the mountains thereabouts was covered with dead bodies, The next
&ory of Per= day after the battel , when the Romans did paſs over the River Lexcx, they found it running
ſens. all bloudy. For it is ſaid there were lain at this field of Perſex4 men above five and twenty tho
ſand : and of the ROmans fide, as Poſidonss faith , not. above ſixſcore, or as I aſica writeth?
but fourſcore ,onely. And for ſo great an overthrow , it is reported it was wonderfull quickly done
and executed ; for they began to fight about three of the clock in the after-noon, and had won
The battel the yidery before four, and all the reſt of the day they followed their enemies in chaſe , an hundred
—_ m_ and twenty furlongs from the place where the battel was fought , ſo that it was very late, and far
hour, forth night , before they returned again into the Camp. So ſuch as returned, were received with
marvellous great joy of their Pages , that went out with Links and Torches lighted, to bring their
Maſters into their Tents, where their men had made great bonefires, and decked them up with
Crowns and Garlands of Laurel , ſaving the Generals Tent onely , who was very heavy , for that
of his two Sons he brought with him to the wars , the younger could not be found , which he loved
beſt of the twain, becauſe he ſaw he was of a better nature then the reſt of his brethren, For even
The yaliant- then, being new crept out of the ſhell as it were, he was marvellous valiant and hardy , and deſired
neſs of Scipio honour wonderfully, Now e4£mylins thought he had been caſt away , fearing left for lack gf ex-
the leſs. perience 1n the wars, and through the raſhneſs of his youth, he had put himſelf too far in fight
amongſt the preaſe of the enemies. Hereupon the Camp heard ſtraight what ſorrow e£mylixs was
in, and how grievouſly he took it. The Romans being ſet at ſupper, roſe from their meat,
and with Torch-light ſome ran to «/Amylizs Tent, other went out of the Camp to ſeek him a-
mong the dead bodies , if they might know him : ſo all the Camp was full of ſorrow and mourn-
ing , the valleys and hulls all about did ring again with the cries of thoſe that called Scipio aloud.
Fox, even from his childhood he hag a natural gift in him , of all the rare and ſingular parts
required in a Captain and wiſe Governour of the Commonweal , above all the young men
of his time, Art the laſt, when they were our of all hope of his coming .again, he happily re-
turned from the chaſe of his enentics, with two or three of his familiars onely , all bloudied with
new bloud ( like a ſwift running Greyhound fleſhed with the bloud of the Hare ) having purſued
very far for joy of the victory, It is that Scipio which afterwards deſtroyed both the Cities of Car-
THAGE and NuMANT1um , who, was the greateſt man of war and valianteſt Captain of the Ro-
MANS in his time, and of the greateſt authority and reputation among them. Thus fortune de-
ferting till another time the execution of her ſpite , which ſhe did bear to to noble an exploit, ſuffered
- 90 Amylixs for that time , to take his full pleaſure of thar noble viRory. And as for Perſews, he fied
For, 7 firſt fromthe City of Pydx+, unto the City of PELLA, with his horſemen , which were in manner
- all ſaved. Whereuponthe foormen that ſaved themſelves by flying , meeting them by the way, called
them Traitors, Cowards, and Villains , and worſe then that, they turned them off their Horſebacks,
and fought 'it out luſtily with them, Perſers ſeeing that , and fearing leſt this muriny might = ,
ight
|
3
>
3
N
0
0
0
nourn-
aloud.
ar parts
PAULUS A MYLIVUS.
_— — — —
light on his neck , he turned his horſe out of the High-way , and pulled off his Purple coar , and car-
ried it before him, and took his Diadem in his hand , fearing to be known thereby, and that he might
the more eaſily ſpeak with his friends by the way , he lighted on foot, and led bis Horſe in his hand.
But ſuch as were about him , one made as though he would mend the, latcher of his ſhoe, another
ſeemed to water his Horſe , another as though he would drink , ſothat one dragging after another mn
this ſort, they all left him atthe laſt, and ran their way, not fearing the enemies tury fo much as their
Kings cruelty : who being grieved with his misfortune , ſought to lay the fault of the overthrow up-
on all other but himſelf. Now he being come into the City of PELL a by night, Exuitus and Eu-
dews , rwo of his Treaſurers came unto him, and ſpeaking boldly ( but our of time ) preſumed to tell
him the great fault he had committed , and ro counſell him what he ſhould do. The King was ſo mo-
ved with their preſumption , that with bis own hands he ſtabbed his Dagger in them both, -and flew
them our right, Bur after this fact, all his ſervants and friends refuſed him, and there onely tarried
with him but Evander CRETAN, Arcbedamus ATOLIAN, and Neo BOZOT1aN,. And as for
the mean Souldiers, there were none that followed him but the CRETans , and yet it was not for
the good will they did bear him, but for the love of his gold and filver, as Bees that keep their
hives for love of the Honey : for he carried with him a great Treaſure, and gave them leave to ſpoil
certain Plate and veſſels 6& gold and ſilver, tothe value of fifry Talents, Bur firſt of all when he was
come into the Ciry of Am eH1eOL1s , and afterwards into the City of ALzesEt, and that the
fear was well blown over, he returned again to his old humour which was born and bred with
bim , and that was avarice and miſery : tor he complained unto thoſe that were about him, that he
had unwares given to the Souldiers of CRETA , his Plate and veſſel of gold to be ſpoiled , being
thoſe which ih old time belonged unto eAlexander the Great : and prayed them with tears in his
eyes that had the Plate , they would be contented to change it for ready Money, Now ſuch as knew
his nature , found ſtraight this was bur a fraud anda CRETAN lie, to deceive the Ct a'xs with :
bur thoſe that truſted him, and did reſtore again the Plate they had , did loſe it every jor , for he ne-
ver payed them peny for it. So he got of his friends the value of thirty Talents, which his enemies
ſoon after did rake from him. And with that ſum he went into the Iſle of SamOTHRACA,
where he took the ſanRuary and priviledge of the Temple of Caſtor and Poluax. They ſay, that the
MACEDONIAN $ of long continuance did naturally love their Kings : bur then ſeeing all their hope
and expeRarion broken, their hearts failed them , and broke withall, For they came and ſubmit-
ted themſelves tro «Amylixs, and made him Lord of the whole Realm of Mac z0oxn, in two days:
and this doth ſeern to confirm their words , who impute all «Amylizs doings unto his good fortune.
And ſurely , the marvellous fortune he happened on in the City AmPH1eOL1s , doth confirm
it much , which a man cannot aſcribe otherwiſe, but to the ſpeciall grace of the gods, For oneday be-
.ginning to do ſacrifice, lightning fell from Heaven, and fer all the wood on fireupon the Altar , and
anifed the ſacrifice, But yer the miracle of his tame is more to be wondred at. For four daies after
Perſeus had loſt the battel], and that the Ciry of PELLAa was taken , as the people of Roms were
at the Liſts or ſhew-place,, ſeeing Horſes run for Games : ſuddenly there aroſe a rumour at the en-
rring into the Lifts where the Games were , that £myli#s had won a great battel of King Per-
ſexs, and had conquered all Maczvon. This news was rife ſtraight in every mans mouth , and
there followed upon it a marvellous joy and = cheer in every corner, with ſhouts and clapping
of hands , that continued all the day through the City of Rows. Afterwards they made diligent en-
quiry , how this rumour firſt came up , but no certain authour could be known, and every man ſaid
they heard it ſpoken : ſo as in theend it came to nothing, and paſled away in that ſort tor a time.
But ſhortly after , there came Letters , and certain news, that made them wonder more then before,
from whence the meſſenger came that reported the firſt news of it 5 which could be deviſed by no
natural} means, and yet proved true afterwards. We do read alſo of a battel that was fought in
ITALy , near unto the River of SaGra, whereof news was brought the very ſame day unto Pz-
LOPONNESUS. And of another alſo in like manner thar was fought in As14 againſt the MEDzs,
before the City of MyCcALa : the news whereof came the ſame day unto the Campof the Gxs-
CIANS, lying before the Ciry of PLatots. And in that great journey where the Romans
overthrew the Tarquzns, and the Army of the LatiNEs :-immediately after the battel was won,
they ſaw two goodly young men come newly from the Camp, who brought news of the victory to
ROME , and they judged they were Caſtor and Pollux. The firſt man that {pake to them in the marker-
place before the fountain , where they watered their Horſes being all of a white foam, rold them,
that he wondered how they could ſo quickly bring theſe news. And they laughing came to him, and
took him ſoftly by the beard with both their hands, and even in the marker-place his hair being black
before , was preſently turned yellow. This miracle made them beleeve the report the man made, who
Time and du-
ty ro be obſer-
ved to the
Prince.
Death, the in-
dignarion of
the Prince.
The coveroul.
nels of the
Crctans.
Miſers whine
for thcir goods
The Maceds-
nians ſubmir
themſelyes to
SEmglius.
Wonders.
News broughr
to Rome out of
Macedon in
four days, of
AEmylius vis
Qory there :
and no man
knew how they
came,
ever after was called £nobarbxs, as you would fay , bearded as yellow as gold. Another like mat- /nobarbus,
ter that happened in our time maketh all ſuch news credible : For when Antonixs rebelled againſt the "Py {o called.
Emperour Domitian , the City of Rome was in a marvellous perplexity , becauſe they looked
for great wars rowards GzRMA NIE. But in this fear there grew a {udden rumour of victory, and
went currantly through Roms, that Antonius himſelf was lain, and all his Army overthrown,
and not a man left alive, This rumour was fo rife , that many of the chiefeſt men of Rout beleeved
it, and did facrifice thereupon unto their gods, giving them thanks for the victory. Bur when the
marter came to ſifting, who was the firſt authour of the rumour, no man could tell : for one pur ir
over ſtill co another, and it died ſo in the end amongſt the people, as in a bottomleſs marter , for
they
PAULUS EMYLIVS.
Cn. Ofavius
Emylius
Lieutenant by
ſea, :
The miſerable
ſtate Perſeus
was brought
- unto, by rhe
craft and ſub-
tilty of a Cre-
111,
King Perſcus
yeeldeth him-
ſelf in Samo-
tbracia, unto
Cn. Ofavius.
Perſeus un-
princely beha-
viour unto
Emylius.
JEmylius O-
ration unto
Perſcus pri-
loner,
JEmylius O-
ration touch-
ing fortune
and her un-
- conſtancy,
row could neyer boult out any certain ground of it : but even as it came flying into Rowe , ſo went
i flying away again , no man could tel] how. Notwithſtanding Domztiarn holding on his journey to
make this War, met with Poſts that brought him Letters of the certain vitory : and remembring
the rumour of the yiRory that ran before in Rome , he found it true , that it was on the very ſame
day the vitory was gotten ; and the diſtance between Ro»E and the place where the field was won,
was above twenty thouſand furlongs off. Every man in our time knowerh this to be true. Bur again
to our Hiſtory. (7. Oftavims , Lieutenant of the Army of /£mylixs by ſea , came to anker under
the Iſle of SAMOTHRACIA , Wherehe would not take Perſexs by force out of the Sanctuary where
he was, for the reverence he did bear unto the gods Caſtor and Pollux : but he did befiege him in
ſuch ſort, ashe could not ſcape him , nor flie by ſea our of the Iſland. Yet he had ſecretly praQtiſed
with one Oroandes a CRETAN , that had a Brigantine, and was at a price with him for a ſum of Mo-
ney to convey him away by night : But the CxETAN ſerved him a right CRxzTANS trick : For
when he had taken a board by night into his veſſel, all the Kings treaſure of gold and filver , he ſent
him word , that he ſhould not fail the next night foHowing to come into the Peer by the Temple of
Ceres , with his Wife , his Children and Servants , where indeed was no poſlibility to take ſhipping ,
but the next night following he hoiſed ſail, and gor him away. It was a pitifull thing that Per ſes was
driven to do and ſuffer at that time. For he came down in the night by ropes, out ot a little
ſtraight window upon the walls, and not onely himſelf, but his Wife and little babes, who never knew
before what flying and hardneſs meant. And yet he fetched a more grievous bitter ſigh, when one
told him on the Peer, that he ſaw Oroandes the CRETAN under fail inthe main ſeas. Then da
beginning to break , and ſeeing himſelf void of all hope , he ran with his Wife for life to: the wall,
to recover the ſanRuary again , before the RomAaNs that ſaw him could overtake him, And as
for his Children, he had given them himſelf into the hands of one Jo , whom before he had mar.
vellouſly loved, and who did then traiterouſly betray him : for he delivered his Children unto the
Romans, Which part was one of the chieteſt cauſes that drave him ( as a beaft that will follow
her little ones being taken from her ) to yeeld himſelf into their hands that had his Children. Now
he had a ſpecial confidence in Scipio Naſica, and therefore he asked for him when he came to yeeld
himſelf : but it was anſwered him, that he was not there. Then he began to lament his hard and
miſerable fortune every way. And in the end , conſidering how neceſfiry enforced him, he yeelded
himſelf into the hands of Cnexs Oftavins ; wherein he ſhewed plainly ;, that he had another vice in
him more unmanly and vile, then avarice , that was , a faint heart, and fear ro die. But hereby he
deprived himſelf of others pity and compaſſion towards him , being that onely thing which fortune
cannot deny and take from the afflicted, and ſpecially from them that have a noble heart. For he
made requeſt they would bring him unto the General &&myliz4 , who roſe from his chair when he
ſaw himcome, and went to meet him with his friends , the water ſtanding in his eyes , to meet 2
great King , by fortune of war and by the will of the gods, fallen into that moſt lamentable ſtate.
But he to the contrary , unmanly , and ſhamefully behaved himſelf, For he fell down at his feet,
and embraced his knees, and uttered ſuch uncomely ſpeech 'and vile requeſts, as «£mylixs ſelf could
not abide to hear them : but knitting his browes againſt him , being heartily offended , he ſpake thus
unto him : © Alas poor man, Why doſt thou diſcharge fortune of this fault , where thou mighteſt
& juſtly charge and accuſe her of thy diſcharge , doing things , for the which every one judgeth thou
« haft deſerved thy preſent miſery , -and art unworthy alſo of hy former honour > Why doſt thou
** defame my victory, and blemith the glory of my doings, ſhewing thy ſelf ſo baſe a man , as my
& honour is not great to overcome fo unworthy an enemy? The Roma Ns have ever eſteemed
© magnanimity , even in their greateſt enemies : but daſtardlineſs , rhough it be fortunate, yet it is
** hated of every body. Notwithſtanding, he took him up ; and raking him by the hand , gave him
into the cuſtody of e/Zlixs Tubero, Then eAmylius went into his Tent, and carried his Sons and
Sons in law with him, and other men of quality , and ſpecially the younger ſort. And being et
down, he continued a great ſpace very penſive with himſelf , not ſpeaking a word , inſomuch that
all the ſtanders by wondered much at the matter. In the end he began to enter into diſcourſe and
talk of fortune, and the unconftancy of theſe worldly things, and ſaid unto them : © 1s there any man
« living , my friends , who having fortune at will ; ſhould therefore boaſt and glory in the eoleerity
& of his doings, for that he had conquered a Coumrey , City or Realm : and not rather to fear the
& unconſtancy of fortune? who laying before our eyes, and all thoſe that profeſs arms at this pre-
& {ent, ſo notable an example of & common frailry of men , doth plainly reach us to think, that
*© there is nothing conſtant or perdurable in this world. For when is it that men may think them-
« ſelves aſſured , conſidering that when they have overcome others, then are they driven to miſtruſt
& fortune moſt, and to mingle fear and miſtruſt, with joy of viſtory : if they will wiſely conſider the
&« comm6n courſe of fatall deſtiny that alteretly daily , ſomerime favouring one , otherwhile throwing
&« down another ? You ſee, that in an hours ſpace we have trodden under our feet the houſe 0:
« eAlexander the Great : who hath been the mighteſt and moſt redoubted Prince of the world. You
« ſee a King that not long ſince was followed and accompanied , with many thouſand Souldiers of
<< Horſemen and Footmen, brought at this preſent into ſuch miſerable extremity, that he is infoxced
*< to receive his meat and drink daily at the hands of his enemies. Should we ih any better hope
« then, that Fortune will always favour our doings , more then ſhe doth now his at this preſent?
*© no out of doubt. Therefore digeſting this matter well, you young men 1 ſay , be not too brag nor
« fooliih proud of this conqueſt and noble victory ; but think what may happen hereafter , marking
« rg
_# *'.. & B_. A..a-#8.oa. Dt
ms» = »*
5 3 5
PAULUS A MYLIVUS.
217
«0 what end fortune will turn the envy of this our preſent proſperity. Such were En. ylins
words to theſe young men as it is reported, bridling by theſe and ſuch like perſwaſions , the luſty
bravery of this youth , even as with the bit and bridle of reaſon, Afterwards he pur his Army into
gariſons to refreſh them , and went himſelf in perſon in the miean time to viſit Gazzct, ma-
king it an honourable progreſs, and alſo a commendable, For as he paſſed through the Cities , he
relicyed the people, reformed the government of their State, and ever gave them ſome gift or pre-
| ſent. Unto ſome he gave Corn, which King Perſexs had gathered for the Wars : and unto other
he gave Oyls:, meeting with ſo great ſtore of proviſion, thathe rather lacked people to giveir unto,
r0 receive it athis hands, then wanting to give, there was ſo much... As he paſſed by the City of De1-
PHOS , he faw therea great Pillar , tour ſquare, of white ftone , which they had ſer up, to put King
Perſeus iraage of gold upon ir. Whereupon he commanded them to ſet up his in that place, ſaying :
It was reaſon the conquered ſhould give place unto the Conquerours, And being in the Cuy of
OLYMPIA , viſiting the Temple of 7upirer Olympia, be ſpake this openly, which ever ſince hath
been remembred ; that Phidsas had rightly made Jupiter, as Homer had delcribed him. Afterwards
when the ten Ambaſſadours were arrived that were {ent from ROME to eſtabliſh with him the Realm
of MACEDON , he redelivered the Mac:DON1ANs their Countrey and Towns again , to live
at liberty , according to their Laws , paying yearly to the ROMans for Tribute, a hundred Ta-
lents : where before they were wont to pay untotheir Kings ten times as much, And he made Plays
and Games of all ſorts, and did celebrate ſumptuous Sacrifices unto the gods, He kept open Court
ro all comers, and made noble Feaſts , and defrayed the whole charge thereof, with the Treaſure
King Perſex bad gathered together , ſparing for no coſt. But through his care and foreſight , there
was a ſpeciall good order taken , every man 0 courteoully received and welcomed , and ſo orderly
marſhalled at rhe'Table according to their eſtate and calling , that the GRzcrans wondred to ſee
him ſo carefull in matters of ſport and pleaſure : and that he rook as great pains in his own perſon,
ro ſee that ſmall matters ſhould be ordered as they ought , as he took regard for diſcharge of more
weighty cauſes. But this was a marvellous pleaſure ro him , to ſee that among ſuch ſumptuous ſights
prepared to ſhew pleaſure ro the perſons invited , no fight nor ſtately ſhew did ſo delight them, as to
enjoy the ſight and company of .his perſon, - She told them, ' that ſeemed to-wonder at his diligence
SJEmylius ho-
nourable pro-
orels in Greecs
Emylius let-
teth Macedon
at a itay.
and care in theſe matters : that to order a feaſt well , required as great judgement and diſcretion, as ._=my!tus
to ſeta battel ;. to. make tht one fearfull ro the enemies; and the” other acceptable to his friends. words about
But men eſteeined his bounty and magnanimiry for his beſt vertue and quality, For he did not onely *Þ< care and
refuſe to ſee the Kings wonderfull treaſure of Gold and Silver, but cauſed it to be told and delivered
to the cuſtody of the Treaſurers ,-to carry to' the coffers of ſtore in Rome : and onely ſuffered
| ar order at
” teaſts_
his _ &mytius
Sons that were learned, to take the- Books of the Kings Library. When he did reward the Soul- abſtinence;
diers for their valiant ſervice in this battel , he gave his Son in law «£1; T ubero a Cup, weighing
five Talents. Tt is the ſame Tybeto»we told you of before , who lived with fixteen other of his Kin
all in one houſe ,: and of the onely revenue they had of a little Farm -in the Countrey, Some ay,
that that Cup was the firſt piece-of +Plate that ever came into the houſe of the eAlyans, and yet ir
came for honour and rewardof veftue ; but before that time , neither themſelves, nor their Wives,
would ever have, or wear any Gold or Silver. - After he had very well ordered and diſpoſed all
things, at the laſt he took leave of the GREcians , and counſelled the MaczDOx1ans to
remember the liberty the Row a Ns 'had given them, and that they ſhould be catefull to keep ir,
by their good government and concord together, - Then he departed from them , and took his jour-
ney towards the Countrey of EyyRus, having received Commillion. from the Senate of ROwE , to
ſuffer his Souldiers who had done ſervice in the Bartel , and overthrow of King Perſexs, to ſpoil all
the Cities of that Countrey. | Wherefore that he might ſurpriſe them on a ſudden , and that they
ſhould miſtruſt nothing , he ſentro all the Cities tha they ſhould ſend him by a certain day , ten of
the chiefeſt men of every City. Who when they were come , he commanded them to go and bring
him by ſuck.a day, all the Gold-and Silver they had within their Cities , as well in their private hou-
ſes ,- as in their Temples and Churches, and gave unto every one of them a Captain an4 Gariſon
with them , as if it had been onely to have received and ſearched for the Gold and Silver he de-
manded, But 'when the . day appointed was come, the Souldiers in divers places ( and all at one time) .mplius cruet
ſer-upon their enemies, and did rifle and ſpoil them of that they had , and made them alſo pay ran- a in {poiling
ſimevery man-'; ſo as by this policy , they were taken and made (laves in one day, a hundred and of Epirus.
fifry thouſand. perſons, and threeſcore and ten Cities ſpoiled and ſacked every one , and yet when
they came to-divide the ſpoil of this generall deſtruction of a whole Realm by the poll , it came nor
toeyery Soldiers part , above eleven ſilver Drachmes apiece : Which made every one to wonder
greatly-, and roifear alſo the terrour of the Wars, to ſee the wealth and riches of fo great a Realm,
to mount to {of lirthe for every mans ſhare, When «Amylius had done this fact againſt his own _x;,,1;\,took
nature, which was yery gentle and courteous ,- he went unto the ſea fide to the Ciry of Or1ca, and fhip ar the Ci-
there embarked' with his Army bound for ITaty. Where when he was arrived, he went up the ty of Orca, and
Rivet of Tyber. againſt. the ſtream , in King Perſeus chief Galley , which had fixteen oars on a rerurned into
fide,” richly fer out with the Armour of the Priſoners, rich clothes of purple colour, and other ſuc
ſpoils of the Enemies : ſo that the Romans running out of RomE in multitudes of people to
ſee his Galley , and going ſide by fide by her as they rowed ſoftly , £-ylixs rook as great pleaſure
in it , as inany open Games or Feaſts, or Triumph that had been ſhewed indeed. Bur when the Soul-
diers ſaw, thatthe Gold and Silver of King Perſeus Treaſure was not divided amongſt them according
uno
h Italy.
PAULUS ZE MYLIUS.
The enyy of
Servius Galba
unto /Emylius
Contention
about /AEmy-
lius Triumph,
unto promiſe, and, they had a great deal leſs then they looked for, they were marveltouſly offen-
ded , and inwardly grudged £mylizs 'in their hearts. Nevertheleſs they durſt nor ſpeak it openly,
but did accuſe him , that he had been too ſtraight unto them in this war : and therefore they did
ſhew no great deſire nor forwardneſs, to procure him the honour of Triumph: Which Serv
Galba underſtanding , that had been 'an old enemy of his , notwithſtanding . he had'the-charge of a
thouſand men- under him in this War : he like an envious viper told the people, that e/£-y1:34 had
not deſerved the honour of Triumph, and ſowed ſeditious words againft him among the Souldiers,
to aggravate their ill will the more againſt him, Moreover he craved a day of the:Tribunes.of the
people , to have reſpit to bring forth ſuch matters as they determined to object againſt him : ſaying,
the time then was far ſpent, the Sun being but four hours high , and that./it would require
longer time and leiſure. The Tribunes made him anſwer , that he ſhould ſpeak then what he had to
ſay againſt him , or otherwiſe they would. not grant him audience, Hereupon he began to make a
long Oration in his diſpraiſe , full of railing words , and ſpent all the reſt of the day in that railing
Oration. Afterwards when night came on , the Tribunes brake up the Afſembly , and the next mor-
ning the Souldiers being encouraged by Galba's Oration , and having confedered together”, - did. flock
about Galba inthe mount of the Capitol , where the Tribunes had given warning they-would keep
their aſſembly, Now being broad. day , e&mylizs Triumph was reterred to the. moſt number. of -
voices of the people, and the firſt Tribe flatly did deny his Triumph. The Senate, and the reſidue
of the people hearing that , were very ſorry to ſee they did eAmylixs. ſo open wrong and injury,
' The common people ſaid nothing to it , but ſeemed to be very ſorry, howbeit they ſought no redrels,
The Lords of the Senate cried out upon them-, and ſaid , it was too 'much ſhame; and exhorrted one
another to bridle the inſolency and boldneſs of thoſe Souldiers , who would grow in the end to ſuch
tumult and diſorder , that they would commit all miſchief and wickedneſs, if betinies they were not
looked to and prevented, ſeeing they did ſo openly ſtand againſt their General , ſeeking to deprive
him of the honour of his Triumph and Victory. So they. afſembled a good company of them roge-
ther , and went up.to the Capitol, and-prayed the Tribunes they would ſtay to take the voices of the
people , untill they had acquainted them with ſuch needfull matter as they had:to 'open unto them,
The Tribunes granted toit , and filence was made, Thatre Harcus Servilins, who had been Conſul,
and had fought three and twenty combats of: life and death in his own perſon, andhad always (lain
as many of his: enemies as challenged him man for man, roſeup, and ſpake in favour of .Amyliu
in this. matter -;.*** I know now (ſaid he) better then before , how noble and worthy a Captain
Servilius Ora-
tion for the
furtherance of
Emylius
Triumph,
« Paulus /Emylins is, who hath-atchieved ſuch glory and honourable viRtory , with ſo: diſhonou-!
*< rable and; diſobedient Souldiers. And I can but wonder that the people mot long ſince rejoyced and
*©:made great account of the Viories and /Triumphs won upon the IL1yR1AaNs and other Nations
& of AFR1Gx: and that now they ſhould for ſpite {envy his gloryi ( doing what lyeth inthem to hin-
« der ) to bringa MacEDoNnIan King alive in a Triumph, and rogthew the glory and greatneſs of
&« King Philip and. Alexander the Great, ſubdued by the Rom a ns force and: power. ''Whar reaſon
{ have ye, that not long ſince , upona flying rumour that eEmylizs had won the battelagainſt Pey-
*« {zz4, you ſtraight made ſacrifice to the gods with great joy , praying them that you might be witnel-
<«{zs of the truth thereof ; and now that rhe perſon himſelf whom ye made Generaliis returned
&« home, and doth deliver you'moſt aſſured victory,'you do fruſtrate the Gods nioſt ſolemn thanks
& 2nd honour due to them , and do deprive your ſelvesalſo of your wonted glory inſucti a caſe; as if
& you were afraid.to ſee the greatneſs of your proſperity , or that. you meant to pardon a King, your
- | and priſpner., And yet of the two, you have more reaſon to binder the Triumph} as'pitrymg the
&« King, then enyying your Captain, But the maliceof the wicked; ithrough your: patience is grown
© to ſuch an inſolent audacity and boldneſs, that we ſee men preſent. there betore us., whath never went”
*from the ſmoke of the chimney',] nor: carried away any blows in::the- field j:being':crammed-at
& home like Women and houſe-Doves ; and yet they are ſo impudent and: ſhameleſs; as: they dare
< preſume unreverently to your faces% to prate of the:office and quty ofa | Genetal of an «Army, and
' ** of thedeſert of Triumph, before you I ſay,. who by experience of many/a:foreicur-and wound upon -
A notable de-
ſcription of
JEmylius
Triumph.
« your bodies in the Wars , have learned to know +a.good and- valiant Captain, from: a vile and
* cowardly perſon. - And ſpeaking :theſe words, he-caft open his 'Gown, and ſhewed before them
all the infinite ſcars and cuts he had received upon his breaft; : and then turning him:behind, :ſhew-
ed all ſuch places as were not fit to be ſeen openly,-and ſo turned: himſelf again ro: Galbs, and
ſaid unto him ; © Thou mockeſt me for that I ſhew. thee : but I rejoyce- before my Countreymen and
< Citizens , that for ſerving my Countrey night and-day on horſeback, -I have thefe'wounds upon
*© me whichthou ſeeſt, Now.get thee about thy buſineſs and receive their-voices.;-andiI-will- come
*© after, noting them that are naughty and unthankfull Citizens ,j who like to'be foothed with Rattery;.
< and not ſtoutly commanded, as:behoved a General in the War.” Thefe words ſo reined the hard-
headed Souldiers'with rhe curb of reaſon , that-all the other -Tribes- agreed in one; :and granted
e/Emylizs Triumph : the order and ſolemnity whereof was performed in this ſort. ' Firſt , the people
having ſetup ſundry ſcaffolds , as well in the Lifts and field called: Cz#cos by the LaTrins ; where
the Games and common running of Horſes and . Chariots are made , as alſo about the market-place,
and in other ſtreets of the City, in the which the ſhew of the Triumph ſhould paſs :. they all pre-
ſented themſelves in their beſt Gowns to ſee- the magnificence and-ftate thereof: :All-the Temples
of the gods alſo were ſet wide open , hanged full of Garlands of Flowers, and all-perfumed within :
and there were ſet through all the quarters of the Ciry, numbers of Sergeants and other __
holding
© PAULVS Z&MYLIVUS.
EE
holding Tipſtaves in their hands to order the ſtragling people , and to keep them up in corners and
Lanes ends , that they ſhould not peſter the Streets, and hinder the Triumph. Furthermore the ſight
'of this Triumph was to continue three days, whereof the firſt was ſcant ſufficient to ſee the palling
by of the Images, Tables, Pictures , and Statues of wondertull bigneſs, all won and gotten of their
Enemies, and drawn in the ſhew upon two hundred and fifry Chariots. The ſecond day, there was car-
ried upon a number of Carts , all the faireſt and richeſt Armour of the Ma cxDown1AN Ss; as well of
Copper, as alſo of Iron and Steel,all gliſtring bright , being newly furbuſhed , and artificially laid in
order (and yet in ſuch ſort, as if they had been caſt in heaps one upon another, without taking any
care otherwiſe for the ordering and laying of them ) fair Burganets upon Targets : Habergions, or
Brigantines and Corflers , upon Graves : round Targets of the CRETANS ; and Javelins of the
THRACIANS , and Arrows amongſt the armed Pikes : all this Armour and carriage, being bound
one to another ſo trimly ( neither being too Tboſe , nor too ſtraight ) that one hitting againſt ano-
ther , as they drew them upon the Carts through the City , they made ſuch a ſound and noiſe, as it
was tearfull ro hear it : ſo that the onely fight of theſe ſpoils of the captives being overcome, made
the ſight ſo much more terrible to behold : after theſe Carts loden with Armour , there followed
three thouſand Men, which carried the ready Money in ſeven hundred and fifty Veſſels, which weighed
about three Talents apiece , and every one of them were carried by four men ; and there were ocher
that carried great Bolls of Silver, Cups and Goblets faſhioned like pitchers , and other Potsto drink
in, goodly to behold , as well for their bignels , as for their great and ſingular imboſſed works about
them. The third day early in the morning the Trumpets began to ſound and ſet forwards, ſounding
no march nor ſweet note, to beautifie the Triumph withall : bur they blew our the brave alarum, the
ſound at an aſſault , to give the Souldiers courage for to fight, Atter them followed ſixſcore goodly
far Oxen, having all their horns gilt, and Garlands of Flowers and Noſegaies about their heads,
and there went by them certain young men , with aprons of needle-work , girt about their middle,
who led them to the Sacrifice , and young boys with them alſo , that carried goodly Baſons of Gold
and Silver , ro caſt and ſprinkle the bloud of the Sacrifice abour. And after theſe, followed thoſe
that carried all Coyns of Gold divided by Baſons and Veſſels, and every one of them weighing three
Talents, as they did before, that carried the great holy Cup, which eAmylius had cauſed to be made of
maſlie Gold, ſex full of precious Stones, weighing the weight of ten Talents, to make an Offering unto
the gods. And next unto them went other that carried Plate , made and wrought after antick faſhion,
and notable Cups of the ancient Kings of MAcEDpon : as the Cup called Antigonns, and another
Seleucus : and to be ſhort, all the whole cubboord of Plate of Gold and Silver of King Perſeus, And
next them came the Chariot of his Armour, in the which was all King Perſexs ho , and his royall
Band ( they call a Diadem ) upon his Armour, And a little ſpace berween them, followed next the Puiſeng Chil-
en,
Kings Children, whom they led Priſoners, with the train of their School-maſters and other Officers,
and their ſervants, weeping and lamenting : who held up their hands to the people that looked upon
them , and taught the Kings young Children to do the like, ro ask mercy and grace at the peoples
hands, There were three pretty little Children, two Sons and a Daughter amongſt chem, whoſe ten«
der years and lack of underſtanding, made thery (poor ſouls) rhey could not feel their preſent miſery,
which made the people ſo much the more to'pity them,when they {aw the poor little infants, that knew
not the change of their fortune : ſothat for the compaſſion they had of them , they almoſt ler the Fa-
ther paſs without looking upon him, Many peoples hearts did melt tor very pity, that the tears ran
down their cheeks , ſo as this fight brought both pleaſure and ſorrow together to the lookers on,
untill chey were paſt and gone a good way out of fight. King Perſexs the Father , followed atier his ging perſeu:,
Children and their train , and he was cloathed in a black Gown, wearing a pair of Slippers on his
feet after his countrey manner. He ſhewed by his countenance his troubled mind, oppreſt with
ſorrow of his moſt miſerable ſtate and fortune. He was followed with his Kinsfolks, his familiar
friends, his Officers and houſhold ſervants, their faces disfigured by blubbering , ſhewing to the
world by their lamenting tears, and ſorrowfull eyes caſt upon their unfortunate Maſter , how much
they ſorrowed and bewailed his moſt hard and cruel fortune, little accounting of their own miſery,
The voice goeth , that Perſeus ſent unto <Amylins to intreat him , that he ſhould not be led through ./Enylius
the City in the ſhew and ſight of the Triumph, But «/£mylius mocking (as he deſerved) his cowardly fcorneth P et
faint heart, anſwered : As for that, it was before, and isnow in him, to do if he will. Meaning to ler oy ,
him underſtand thereby, that he might rather chuſe to die, then living to receive ſuch open thame.
Howbeit his heart would not ſerve him , he was ſo cowardly, and made fo effeminare, by a certain
vain hope he knew not what , that he was contented to make one among his own ſpoils. After all
this; there followed four hundred princely Crowns of, Gold , which the Cities and Towns of © |
GREECE had purpoſely ſent by their Ambaſſadours unto eAmylis, to honour his Victory : and ©,,,,. of
next unto them, he came himſelf in his Chariot criumphing , which was paſting ſumptuoully fer forth Gold fentunts
and adorned, Jr was a noble ſight to behold : and yet the perſon of himſelf onely was worth the . Amylius by
looking on, without all that great pomp and mificence. For he was apparelled in a purple Gown - Cities of
branched with gold , and carried in his right Yom. Laurel bough , as all his Army did belides : che Pe
which being divided by Bands and Companies , followed the triumphing Chariot of their Captain,
ſome of the Souldiers ſinging Songs of Viſtory', which the Romans ule to fing in like Friumphs,
mingling them with merry pleaſant roys, rejoycing at their Captain, Other of chem alſo did fing
Songs of Triumph, in the honour and praiſe of «Zmylixs noble Conqueſt and Victory. He was
openly praiſed, blefſed and honoured of every body , and neither hated nor cavied of honeft men :
{ſaying
PAULUS &# MYLIVUS.
JEmylius ad-
yerhity.
SJEmylius for-
ritude in his
great adyerſity
SJEmylius
Oration in his
trouble for the
death of his
Children
The death of
King Perſeus.
A ftrange kind
of death,
The ſtare of
Perſeus Sons.
ſaving the ordinary uſe of ſome god , whole proſperity is — to leſſen or cut off ſome part of
mans exceeding proſperity and feliciry , mingling with mans life the ſenſe and feeling of good and evil
rogether : becauſe that no living perſon ſhould paſs all his time of life , without ſome adverſity or
misfortune, butthat ſuch (as Homer ſaith) ſhould onely think themſelves happy, to-whom fortune hath
equally ſorted the good with the evil. And this I ſpeak, becauſe eAmylins had four Sons, two of
the which he gave in adoption unto the families of Scipio and of Fabixs, as we have ſaid before :
and two other which he had by his ſecond Wife, he brought up with him in his own houſe , and were
both yet very young : of the which the one died , __ fourteen years of age five days before his
Fathers Triumph : and the other died alſo three days after the pomp of Triumph at twelye years
of age, When this ſorrowfull chance had befallen him , eyery one in Roms did pity him in their
hearts : but fortunes- ſpite and cruelty did more grieve and fear them , to ſee her little regard to.
wards hitn , to put into a houſe of Triumph ( full of ur and glory, and of ſacrifices and joy ) ſuch
a pitifull mourning, and mingling of ſorrows and lamentations of death, amongft ſuch Songs of Tri.
umph and viRtory. Notwithſtanding this , «Amyl;us taking things like a wiſe man, thought that he
was not onely to uſe conſtancy and —_— againft rhe Sword and Pike of the enemy : but alike
alſo againſt all adverſity and enmity of ſpiteful fortune. So he wiſely weighed and conſidered his
preſent misfortune, with his former proſperity : and finding his misfortune counterpoiſed with feli.
city, and his private griefs cut off with common joy , he gave no place to-his ſorrows and miſchar.
ces, neither blemiſhed any way the dignity of his Triumph and victory, For when he had buried the
eldeſt of his two laſt Sons , he left not ro make his triumphant entry, as you have heard before. And
his ſecond Son alſo being deceaſed after his Triumph , he cauſed the people to afſemble , and in face
of the whole City he made an Oration , not like a diſcomfited man , but like one rather that did com-
fort his ſorrowfull Countreymen for his miſchance, He told them, *© That concerning mens mat-
«ters, never any thing did fear him : but for things above, he ever feared. Fortune , miſtruſting her
« change and inconſtancy , and ſpecially in the laſt War , doubting for ſo great proſperity as could
« be wiſhed , to be payed home with an after intolerable adverſity and finifter chance, For as I went
« (ſaid he) I paſſed over the gulf of the Adriatick Sea, from Bxinbzs unto Coreu in one
« day : and from thence in five days aſter, 1 arrived in the City of DzL.» nos, where I did ſacrifice
« unto polio, And within five other days , arrived in my Camp, where 1 found mine Army in
«MacEpon, And after 1 had done the Sacrifice , and due Ceremonies for purifying of the ſame,
« 7 preſently began to follow-the purpoſe and cauſe of my coming : ſo as in fifteen days after 1
< made an honourable end of all thoſe Wars. But yet, miſtruſting Fortune always, ſeeing the
&© proſperous courſe of = affairs, and conſidering that there were no other enemies, nor dangers 1
© needed to fear : feared ſorely ſhe would change at'my return, when I ſhould be upon the Sea,
* bringing home ſo goodly and victorious an Army , with ſo many ſpoils, and ſo many Princes and
* Kings taken priſoners. And yet when I was ſafely arrivedin the Haven, and ſeeing all the City at
« my return full of joy , and of feaſts and Sacrifices , I ſtill ſuſpeRed Fortune , knowing the manner
&« well enough, that ſhe uſeth notto _ men ſo franckly, nor to grant them To great things clear-
« ly , without ſome certain ſpark of envy waiting on them. Neither did my mind | being ftill occu-
<« pied in fear of ſome thing to happen to the Commonwealth , ſhake off this fear behind me : but
& that I ſaw this home-miſhap and miſery lighted upon me, enforcing me with mine own kands in
< theſe holy days of my Triumph, to bury my two young. Sons one after another, which I onely
© brought up with me , for the ſucceſſion of my Name and houſe. Wherefore me thinks now 1 may
*© ſay, I am out of all danger, at the leaft rouching my chiefeſt and greateſt misfortune'; and do begin to
<« ſtabliſh my ſelf with this afſured hope, that 'this good fortune henceforth ſhall remain with us
« evermore, without fear of other unlucky or ſiniſter chance, For ſhe hath ſufficiently countervailed
© the favourable ViRory ſhe gave you, with the envious miſhap wherewith ſhe hath plagued both me
< and mine : ſhewing the Conquerer and Triumpher, as noble an example of mans miſery and weak-
© neſs, as the party conquered , that had been led in Triumph : favingthat Perſeys yet conquered as
© he is, hath this comfort left him, to ſee his Children living, and that the Conquerour «/£mylixs bath
* Joſt his. And this was the ſum of eAmylizs noble Oration he made unto the people of Rox,
proceeding of a noble and honourable diſpoſed mind. And though it pitied him in his heart to ſee the
ſtrange chance of King Perſe fortune , and thar he heartily deſired to help him, and to do him
good : yet he could never obtain other grace for him, but onely to remove him from the common
priſon ( which the Romans call Carcer ) into a more cleanly and ſweeter houſe : where being
ſtraightly guarded and looked unto, he killed himſelf by abſtinence from meat , as the moſt part ot
Hiſtoriographers do write, Yet ſome Writers tell a marvellous ſtrange tale, and manner of his death.
For they ſay the Souldiersthat guarded him , kept him from ſleep, - watching him ſtreightly when
ſleep took-him , and would not ſuffer him to ſhut his eye-lids onely ( upon malice they did bear
him-, becauſe they could not otherwiſe hurt him ) keeping him awake 'by force, not ſuffering him
ro take reft : untill ſuch time as nature being forced to give over, he gave up the ghoſt. Two of
his Sons died alſo : but the third called eLlexander , became an excellent Turtier and Joyner, and
was learned, and could ſpeak the Roman tongue very well, and did write it fo trimly, that after-
wards he was Chancellour to the Magiſtrates of ROM , and did wiſely and diſcreetly behave himſelt
in his Office. Furthermore they do add to this goodly conqueſt of the Realm of MactD0N,
that e£».ylizs conquered another Tpeciall good thing, that made him marvellouſly well liked of the
common people : that is, that he brought ſo much Gold and Silyer unto the Treaſury ſore of RO»?
as
—_—
% Cr IO IE er nee uo — —— og
PAULUS SMILES 221
as the common People needed nehep after t9 oopiburpnyt apy thing , untill the very time and
year that H;rciz#s and Pan/a wete onſuls , which was abont the beginning of the firſt Wars of Au- By /Fmylins
ſts and eAntonizs, And yeryfEmyiia bag ongfingyar goodyitt py him : that though the People V'&vry. the
ge greatly love and honour Mite, ef ben har > le Eengke and Nobility, and did > _ PR
by word or deed any thing in favour of the People , to flatter or pleaſe them , but in marters concer- gaie,
ning Government, he did ever lean to the Nobility and good men, And this did Appis afterwards
caſt in his Sons teeth , Scip#0 Africanus. For both of them being wo of the chieteſt men of their
time, and contending together tor. the Office of Cenſor : Appius had about him to favour his ſute ,
all the Senate and Nobility , as of ancient time the Family of the Appians had ever held on their part.
And Scipio Africans , though he was a great man of himſelf , yet he was at all times favoured and be-
loved of the common People, Whereupon when Appizs faw him come into the Market-place, fol-
lowed with men of ſmall quality and baſe condition, that had been Slaves before , but otherwiſe could
skil:ully bandle ſuch practiſes, bring the Peoplexogether , and by opportunity of cries and loud voyces
( if need were ) obtain what they would in the Aſſemblies ofthe City : he ſpake our aloud,and ſaid ; O
Paxlus AE mylins , now haſt thou good cayſetaligh'and mourn in thy grave where choulieſt ( if the
dead do know what we do here on Earth ) woe £4 21/146 2 common Serjeant, and Licinzu a prat-
ling Fellow , how they bring thy Son yaro' rhe Dignity of a Cenlor. And as for Scipio, he wasal-
ways beloved of the common People , becauſe hegid favour chem in all things. But e/£»11ias alſo ,
although he took ever the Noblemenz' part, he was not theretore the lels beloved of the common
People rhen thoſe that always flattered theey ; daing all things as the People would , to pleaſe them :
which the common People did witnels , as well by wiber Honours and Offices they offered him , as
in the Dignity of the Cenſor whichthey gave "him. For it was the holieft Office of all other at that . #m1ius cho-
time , and of greateſt Power and Authoruy , ſpecially for inquiry and reformation of every mans life ſen Cenſor.
and manners, 'For he that was Cenſor , had Authority ro put any Senator off the Conncil , and fo Th- Office
degrade him , if he did not worthily behave himſelf according to his Place and Calling : and might and authority.
name and declare any one of the Senate , whom he thought to be moſt honeſt , and fitreſt for the of the Cenſor,
place again, Moreover , they might by their Authority , take from licentious young men , their
Horſe which was kept at the charge of the Common-weal, Fuxthermere , they be the Seffors of the
People, and the Muſter-maſters , keeping Books of the number of perſons at every muſtering. So
there appeared numbred in the Regiſter-book e&mylizs made then of them , three hundred ſeven and
thirty thouſand ; four hundred and two and fifty men , and Marcus e/Emylius Eepidns named Prefi- «
dent of the Senate, who had that honour four times before, and did pur off the Council three Se-
nators , that were but mean men. And the like mean and moderation he and his companion eAarti-
= Philipp kept , upon view. and, Muſter taken of the Rowan Hoxſmen, And after he had or-
dered and diſpoſed the-greateft matters of his Charge and Office, he fell. ſick of: a Diſeaſe that at the __#mylius fick-
beginning ſeemed very dangerous, bur in the end there was go ocher danger , ſaving that it was a lin- nels.
gring Diſeaſe , and hard to.cure.' So, following the counſel of Phyfitians, who willed him to go to
a City inITaLy called VEL1A, he took Sea and went thither , and continued there a long time, Afmylius re-
dwelling in pleaſant houſes upon the Sea fide , quietly and our of all noiſe. But during this time of his _ _
abſence , the ROMANs wiſhed for. him many 2.time and often, And when they were gathered to- 3,0. ot.
gether in the Theaters , to ſee the Plaz es and Sports, they cried out divers times for higr: whereby City of reliz,
they ſhewed that they had a great defire to ſee him again. Time being come about , when they ufed
tro make a ſolemn yearly Sacrifice, and e/£ wylius hnding himſelf alla in very good perfect health :
he returned again toRo»s , where he made Sacrifice with the other Prieſts , all che People of Rom
gathered about him , rejoycing much ro ſee him. The next day aftex , he made another particular $a-
critice, to give thanks unto the gods for recovery of hishealth, After the Sacrifice wasended , he
went home to his houſe, and fate him downto dinner ; he ſuddenly fell into a raving ( without any
perſeverance of ſickneſs ſpied in him before, or 'any change or alteration in him ) his wits went _— ,-
trom him , in ſuch ſort, that he died within three days atter, lacking no neceſſary rhing that an earthly =
man could haye , to make him happy in this World, For he was even honoured at his tunerals, and. .&mylius Fu
his vertue was adorned with many goodly glorious Ornaments , neither of Gold , Silver, nor Ivory, 25.
nor with other ſuch ſumptuouſneſs or magnificence of Apparel] , but with the love and good will of
the People, all of them confeffing his vertue and well-doing : and this did not onely his natural] Coun-
treymen perform in memory of him , but his very Enemies alſo. For all thoſe that met in Rows by ”
chanceat thattime , that were either come out of Spain, from Gzxua, or out of Mactpon ,
all thoſe that were young and ſtrong , did willingly put themſelves under the Coffin where his Body
lay , to helptocarry him : and the old men followed his Body to accompany the ſame , calling e£ -
mylins the BenefaQor , Saviour , and Father of their Countrey. For he did not onely intreat them
gently , and graciouſly , whom he had ſubdued : but all his life time he was ever ready to pleaſure
them : and to ſet forwards their Caufes , even as they had been his Confederates, very Friends, and
near Kinlmen, The Inventory of all his Goods after his death , did ſcant amount unto the ſum .Emylius
of three hundred threeſcore and ten thouſand Silver Drachmas, which his two Sons did inherit, Goods what
But Scipio being the younger, left all his right unto hiselder Brother Fabi:s , becauſe he was adopted they came £0.
nto a very rich Houſe, Which was the Houſe of the great Scipio African: Such they lay was
Panlu e/Emylins Conditions and Life,
—
—
The end of Paulus Amylius Life,
THE LIFE OF
TIMOLEO N,
341.
Ul
Efore Timoleon was ſent into S1c11s , thus ſtood the ſtate of the Sr at
the Syracufiens YL > w* cusIans. After that Dio» had driven out the Tyrant Dion he
ufens OD i. <A, ; 17 ſous ,
before Timole De A VEy! himſelf after was ſlain immediately by Treaſon ; and thoſe that aided him
to reſtore the SY RAcus1aNs to their liberty , fell out , and were at dif-
ſention among themſelves, By reaſon whereof , the Ciry of SYRacu-
SA ing continually new Tyrants , was ſo troubled and tuymoyled
with all ſorts of evils, that it was left in manner deſolate , and without In-
habitants. The reft of S1c1Lz in like caſe was utterly deftroyed , and
(STS ne Cities in manner left ſtanding , by reaſon of the long Wars : and thoſe
| few that remained , were moſt inhabited of forraign Souldiers and ftran-
gers fagry > looſe men gathered together that took pay of no Prince nor City ) all the Do-
minions of the being eaſily uſurped, and as eaſie to change their Lord. Inſomuch , Dionyſus the
Tyrant , ten years after Djc# had driven him out of $1c11z, having gathered 4 certain y—Tn of
at that time in
Souldiers together again , and through their help driven out N5/ews , that
SYRACUSA : he recovered the Realm again, and made himſelf King. So , if he was ſtrangely
expulſed by a ſmall power our of the greateſt Kingdom that ever was in the-World - likewiſe he
more ſtrangely recovered it again , being baniſhed and very poor , making himſelf King over them,
who before had driven him out. Thus were the Inhabitants of the City compelled to ferve this Ty-
rant : who beſides that of his own nature was neither courteous nor civill, he was now grown to
be far more dogged and cruell, by reaſqn of the extream miſery and misfortune he had indured.
_ » Tyrant But the nobleſt Citizens repaired unto 7cer#/, who at that time as Lord ruled the City of the Le0x-
A Leonti- T1NExs, and they choſe him for their Generall in theſe Wars : not for that he was any thing
better then the open Tyrants, but becauſe they had no other to repair unto at that time : and they
truſted him beſt , for that he was born ( as themſelves ) within the Ciry of SYRATUSA, and be-
cauſe alſo he had men of War about him, to make head againſt the Tyrant, Bur in the mean time,
the CanTHAGINIANS came down into S1C1LE with a great Army , and invaded the Coun-
trey. The SyRacusS1AaNs being afraid of them , rune to ſend Ambaſſadours into GREECE
unto the COR!NTHIANS , to pray aid of them againſt the barbarous People , having better hope
_ of them, then of = other of theGrtc1ans. . And that not altogether becauſe they were line-
ally deſcended from them , and that they had received in times paſt many pleaſures at their hands:
y
but alſo for that they knew that Cox 18TH wasa City , that in all ages and times did ever love Li
berty and hate Tyrants, and that had always made their greateſt Wars, not for ambition of King-
doms , nor of covetous deſires ro conquer and rule , bur onely to defend and maintain the Lt
berry of theGxsci1aNs. But Jceres in another contrary ſort , took upon him to be Gene w
wit
- dt > _— —— ——— ——— —_ — M_
_ — -- _ —_—— im
TIMOLEON, mi
with a mind ro make himſelf King of SYRacus Aa. For he had ſecretly praQtiſed with the Can-
THAGINIANS, and openly notwithſtanding , in words he commended the counſell and determi-
nation of the SYRACUSL1ANS, and ſent Ambaſſadours from himſelf alſo with theirs , unto Pz10-
?ONNESUS : not that he was deſirous any aid ſhould come from them to Syracusa , bur be-
cauſe he hoped if the COR1NTHIANS refuſed to ſend them aid (as it was very likely they would,
for the Wars and troubles that were in GREECE ) that he might more eafily turn all over to the
CARTHAGINIANS, and uſe them as his friends, to aid him aginft the Syrac u 514xs , or the
Tyrant Dionyſus. And that this was his full purpoſe and intent,it appeared plainly ſoon after, Now
when their Ambaſſadours arrived at CORINTH , and had delivered their Meſſage, the Cox1NTm1-
ANS , who had ever been carefull ro defend ſuch Ciries as bad ſought unto them, and ſpecially $y-
RACUSA.: Very willingly determined in Council ro fend them aid , and the rather tor that they
werein good peace at that time , having Wars with noneof the GREc1ans. Sotheir onely ſtay
reſted upon chooſing of a Generall to lead their Army. Now as the Magiſtrates and Governours of
the City were naming ſuch Citizens, as willingly offered their ſervice , deſirous to advance themſelves,
there ſtept up a mean Commoner who named T imoleon , T imodemns SON , 2 man that until that time
was never Called on for ſervice, neither looked for any ſuch preferment. And truly it is to be thought ir By whar voice
was the ſecret working of the gods , that directed the thought of this mean Commoner to name T;- Timotcon came
mol:on : whoſe eletion Fortune favoured very much » and joyned to his valiantneſs and vertues mar- ** be General,
vellous good ſuccels in all his doings afterwards. This 7 imoleon was born of Noble Parents both by
Father and Mother : his Father was called 7 imodemm,and his MothernDemareta. He was naturally in- Timotcons Pa-
clined to love his Countrey and Commonweal : and was always gentle and courteous to all men , *<**2ge and
ſaving that he mortally hated Tyrants and wicked men. Furthermore, Nature had framed his body ape **me*
for Wars and for pains : he was wiſe in his greeneſt youth, in all things he rook in hand, and in
his age he ſhewed himſelf very valiant, He had an elder Brother called T;mephanes ; who was nothing 7;,,,ohamc; 7:
like to him in condition ; for he was a raſh hair-braind man, and had a greedy defire to raign, be- mutecn; Bro»
ing put into his head by a- company of mean men, that bare him in and they were his friends, and ther , what be
by certain Souldiers gathered rogether , which he had always about him. And becauſe he was very Was,
hot and forward in Wars , his Citizens took him for a notable Captain, and a man of good fervice ,
and therefore oftentimes they gave him charge of men. And therein 75molesn did help him much to
hide the faults he committed , or at the leaſt made them ſeen leſs , 'and lighter then they were, fill
increaſing that ſmall good gift that Nature brought forth in him, As in a Bartell the CoxrxT#-
ANS had againſt the ARG1ves and the CLEONE1ANS , Timoleon ſerved as a. private Souldier
amongſt the Footmen : and Timophanes his Brother, having charge of the Horſemen, was in great
danger to be caſt away, if preſent help had not been, For his Horſe being hurt, threw him on the
ground in the midſt of his Enemies: whereupon part of thoſe that were about him, were afraid and
diſperſed themſelges here and there , and thoſe that remained with him , being few in number, and Pimeteen f
having many EneMies to fight withall, did hardly 'withſtand their force and charge. But his Brother ms ny
T'imoleon ſeeing him in ſuch inſtant danger afar off , ran with all ſpeed poſſible to help him, and clap- life.
ping his Target before his Brother Tim-phanes , that lay on the ground, receiving many wounds on his The Corinthi..
body with Sword and Arrows, with great difficulty he repulſed the Enemies, and ſaved his own and = entertained
his Brothers life. Now the Cox1NnTHIANs fearing the like matter to come that before had hap- — p
pened unto them , which was, to loſe their City through default of their friends help, they reſolved made T intopha-
in Council, co entertain in pay continually four hundred Souldiersthat were ſtrangers , whom they nes Captain
a(ligned over to 7 imophanes charge : who, abandoning all honeſty and regard of the truſt repoſed in of *hemto
him , did preſently praCtiſe all the ways he could to make himſelf Lord of the City : and having pur _ —_
divers of the chiefeſt Citizens to death withour order of Law , inthe end he openty proclaimed himſelf dn es
King. Timoleon being very ſorry for this,and thinking his Brothers wickednefs would be the very high- cruelty and u-
way to his fall and deſtruction, ſought firſt to win him with all the good words and perſwations he ſurpation of
could , to leave his ambitious deſire to reign , andto ſeck to ſalve ( as near as might be ) his hard *** Kingdom:
dealing with the Citizens. Timophanes ſet light by his Brothers perſwaſtons, and would give no ear
unto them, Thereupon Timoleon then went to one e/£ /chils bis friend , and Brother unto T imopha-
mes Wife, and toone Satyru a Soothſayer ( as Theopompws the Hiſtoriogra lleth him, and E-
Phorwy calleth him Orthagoras ) with whom he came again another time unto his Brother : and they
three coming to him , inftantly beſought him to believe good counſell, and to leave the Kingdom.
T imphanes at the firſt did but laugh them to ſcorn , and ſported at their perfwaftons : bur after-
wards he waxed hot, and grew into greatcholer with them. Timolcon ſeeing that ; went a little aſide,
and covering his face fell a weeping : and in the mean ſeaſon, the other two drawing out their Swords,
flew Timophanes in the place, This murder was ſtraight blown abroad through the City , and the T imophanes
better ſort did greatly commend the noble mind and hate Timolcon bare againſt the Tyrant » confi- Qain by his
dering that he being of 4 gentle nature , and loving to his Kin , did notwithſtanding regard the be- Brothers pro-
nefit of his Countrey , before the naturall affe&tion of his Brother , and preferred Duty and Juſtice, <vemet-
defore Nature and Kindred. For, before he had ſaved his Brothers life , fighting for the detence of
his Countrey : and now in ſeeking to make himſelf King and to rule the ſame , he made him to be llain.
Such'then as miſliked popular Government and liberty , and always followed che Nobility , they fer a
good face on che matter , as though they had been glad of the Tyrants death : yet ſtill reproving Ti-
meleon for the horrible murder he had committed againſt his Brother , declaring how deteſtable ic
was both to the gods and men, they ſo handled him , that it grieved him to the heart he had done it.
FA Bur
'
pn ————
———_—
22-4.
TIMOLEON, -
ith.
er
conſtanr,
Phaocions ſay-
ing.
Ariſtidesgrave
ſaying.
Timolcon cho.
ſen Generall
to 20 into $7-
cilc.
Tcetes Tyrant
of Leontines
a Trayror,
A ſign hap-
pened to Ti-
moleon.
Timoleon took
Ship towards
$1cile.
A burning
Torch appea-
reth in the
Element unto
Timoleon,
ſet out one foot towards the journey. He took Ship, and failed with ſeven Galleys of CorrnTi,
two of CORPHuE, and ten the LEucaDians did ſer out, When he was launced our into the
main ea , having a frank gale of wind and large ,, he thought. in the night that the Element did open,
and that our of the. ſame there came a marvellous great bright light over his Ship, and ir was much like
to a Torch burning , when they ſhew.the Ceremonies of the holy Myſteries. This Torch did ac-
down
company'and guide them all their Voyage, and in the end it vaniſhed away , and-ſeemed to fall cs
[Cetes,
ry for
TIMOLEOMN.
Bo ————
upon the Coaſt of IT aLy , wherethe Ship-maſters had determined to arriye. The wife mens opi-
nions being asked what this might fignifie , they anſwered ;, That this wonderfull fight did beroken
the Dream the Nuns of the goddeſs-Ceres dreamed , and@that the goddeſſes favouring his Jour-«
ney , had ſhewed them the way , by ſending of- this Light from Heaven : becauſe that the 1ile of $1.
CILE is conſecrated unto the goddeſs Proſerpina; and ſpecially for that they report her raviſhment
was in that Iſle; - and that the whole Realm was a(hgned unto her for her Joyner , at the day of her
Marriage. Thus did this Celeſtial ſign of the gods both incourage thoſe that wen: this Journey,
and deliver ther alſo aſſured hope, who failed with all ſpeed poſlible they could, tmtill ſuch time as
having croſſed the” Seas, they arrived upon the Coaſt of 1T aL x;/ Bur when they: came'thicher , the
news they underſtood from -S1CTLE ,. put 7iwoleon in great perplexity, and did marvelloully dif-
courage the Souldiers he brought with him : for Jceres having overthrown the Batcell -of the Tyrant
Dionyſus,and polleſſed the greareſt part of the City of SYRacusa, he did befiegei.him within the
Caſtle, and within'that part of the .Ciry which is called the Iſle , where he had pent him up , and in- 7<©:<*_b<lie-
cloſed him'-in with Walls round about. And in the mean time he had prayed the CarxTHac r- "”_u
NIANS ,\thar'they would be carefull to keep Timoleon from landing in $1c1LEt, to the end that
by preventing thar-aid', they» might eafily divide $1c1LE between them , and no man to lett them,
The CARTHAGINIANS following his requeſt , ſent rwenty of their Galleys unto Rat610 ,
amongſt which 7cetes Ambaſladours were ſent unto T imoleon , with teſtimony of his doings : for
' they were fair -fattering words to'cloak his wicked intent he purpoled, For they willed Timon 1,orcs (ondert;
that he ſhould'go himſelt alone (if he thought good ) unto Jceres, to countell bim , and to accom- Anivatlade urs
pany him in'all his doings , which were now fo far onwards in good towardneſs, as he had almoſt unto Timolezn,
ended them all. Furthermore , they did alſo perſwade him , that. be- ſhould ſend back his Ships
and Souldiers ro CORINTH again, conſidering that the War, was now ' brought to good pals,
and that the CaRTHAGINIANS would in no <afe that his men ſhould paſs into S1c1tt, and
that they were determined ro fight with them, if they made any force to enter. So the Cox x-
7#14aNs at their arrivall into the City of RHzG ro, finding there theſe Ambaſſadours, and ſee-
ing the Fleet of 'the CarRTHAGINIANS Ships', which did ride at Anker not far off from
them : it ſpited them on the one fide, to-ſee they were'thus mocked and abuſed by Ucetes. For every
one-of them were' marvellous angry-with him, and were greatly afeard alſo for the poor $1c111-
ANS ; whom roo' plainly they ſaw lefr-a prey-unto /cetes for reward of his Treafon , and to the
CARTHAGINIANS for recompence of the tyranny which they ſuffered him to eſtabliſh, $0, on
the other fide,” they thought -it impoſſible tro conquer the -Ships of the CarTHaGINIANS :
which did lye in wait for them, and ſo near unto them , conſidering they were twice as many in
number as they : and as hard for them to ſubdue the :Army alſo that was in the hands of 7ceres in
SICILE, confideting that they were not come to him , but onely for the maintenance of the Wars.
Notwithſtanding Timoleon ſpake very courteoully unto thoſe Ambaſſadours , and Captains of the 7;,,1c1s cr:
CAaRTHAGINIANS Ships, letting chem underſtand that he would do as much as they would tier then the
have him - and to ſay truly, if he would have done otherwiſe , he could have won nothing by it, Carthaginians.
Nevertheleſs he deſired for his diſcharge , they would fay-that openly ; in the preſence of the People
of RREG10 ( being a City 'of GREECE , friend and common to- both parties ) which they had R*2io 2 City
ſpoken to him in ſecret: and that done , he would depart incontinently, alledging that it Rood him © ©
very much upon for the ſafety -of his diſcharge , and that they themſelves alſo ſhould more faith-
fully keep that' they had promiſed unto him touching the SyRAcus1ANs , when they had agreed
upon ir; and (promiſed it before all the People of RHz610 , who ſhould be witneſs of it. Now
all this was but a fetch and policy delivered by bſſ to ſhadow his departure , which the Captains
and Govergours of RHEG1o did favour , and ſ&m to help him.in : becauſe they wiſhed 5 x-
C1LE ſhould fall into the hands of the CoxtnTHians, and feared much to have the barbarous
People for their Neighbours. For this cauſe they commanded a generall Affembly of all the People,
during which time , they cauſed the Gates of the City to be ſhut - giving it our , that it was becauſe
the Citizens ſhould not go about any other matters in the mean time. Then when all the People
were afſembled, they began to make long Orations without concluding any matter : the one lea-
ving always to the other a like matter to talk of , to the end they might win time , untill the
Galleys of the Cox1NTHIAaNs were departed. And ſtaying the CarTHAGiN1ans alſo
in this Aſſembly , they miſtruſted nothing , becauſe they ſaw T imolec» preſent : who made a coun-
tenance , as though he would riſe to ſay ſomething. But in the mean time , ſome one did ſecretly
advertiſe T;moleon , that the other Galleys were under Sayl and gone away, and that there was
bur one Galley left , which tarried for him in the Haven. Thereupon he ſuddenly ſtole away
through the preas, with the help of the RyzG1aNs , being about the Chair where the Ora- 7//con lan-
tions were made : and trudging quickly to the Haven , he imbarked incontinently , and hoiſed Sail 3 ** Toure:
alſo. And when he had overtaken his Fleet, they went all ſafe rogether to land ar the City of je. —
TauRoMENTION , which is in S1CILE : there they were very well received by Andromachus , Andromachus
who long time betore had ſent for them , for he governed this Ciry as if he had been Lord thereof, *he Father of
He was the Father of Timex the Hiſtoriographer , and honeſteſt man of a!l thoſe thar did bear rule TS "on
at that time in $1c1LE. For he did rule his Citizens in all Juſtice and Equity , and did always abs, Goran
ſhew himſelf an- open Enemy to Tyrants. And following his affeRion therein , he lent his City nour of the
ar- that time unto Timoleon , to gather People rogerher , and perſwaded his Citizens to enter into City of Ta
league with the COxtxTH1ans,and to aid them , to deliver $1c11z from bondage, and to "9"*%%n:
V 1 reſtore
22.6 TIMOLEON, _
toes er re is ni rn rn re EE EIS ens
- Oe ——— — —
——
reſtore it agaia to liberty. But the Captains of the CARTHAG1N1aNs that were in Riz610,
The Carthagi- when they knew that 7 ;moleon was under Sail and: gone , after that the Affſembly of the Council
nians Ambaſ- yas broken up , they were ready rot their fingers for ſpight to ſee themſelves thus finely mocked
-—nonchg 1. and deceived. The RyzG14aNs on the other {ide ,, were merry, at the matter, to- ſee how the
ſtroy the City PHOENICIANS formed at it, that they had fuch a fine part played them. Howbeit. in the end,
of Tauromeni- derermined to ſend an Ambaſſadour unto Taur0MENION, in! one'of their Galleys.. This Am-
on, by ſhewing baſladour ſpake very boldly and barbaroully unto Andromachus, and ih # choler ; and:laſt of all, he
- 996" nr ſhewed him firſt the palm of his hand ,- then the back of his hand, and did threaten- him that his
ry Tg City ſhould. be ſo turned over-hand 5 if he did not quickly ſend away the CoRINTHIANS, An.
hand. dromachus fell a laughing at him', and did turn his band up and down as the Ambaſſadour had done,
and commanded him that he ſhould ger him going , and that with all ſpeed our of his City , if he
would: not ſee 'the Keel of his Galley turned upward. Jceres now underſtanding of T ;moleons co-
ming , and being afraid , ſent for a great number of Galleys untothe CaxTHAGINIANS. - Then
the SYRACU51ANS began to deſpair utterly when they ſaw their Haven full of the CaxTrac1.
NIANS Galleys , the beſt part of their City kept by 7ceres , and: the Caſtle by the Tyrant Djony ſr,
And on the other ſide, that 7 5moleor was not yet come but to a little corner of $1611, having no
more but the little City of TAuROMENI1ON, with a ſmall power, and leſs hope :. becauſe there
was not above a thouſand Footmen in all , to turniſh theſe Wars , neither proviſion of ViRuals ,
nor ſo much Money as would ſerve to entertain and pay them. Beſides alſo, that the other Cities
of S1c:LE did nothing truſt him, Bur by reaſon of the violent Extortions they had. of late ſuffered,
they hated all Captainsand Leaders of men of War to the death, and ſpecially for the treachery
of Calippus and Pharax , whereof the one was an ATHENIAN, and the other a Laczpayo.
NIAN. Both of them faid they came to ſet S1c1L at liberty , and to drive out the Tyrants ; and
yet nevertheleſs , they had done ſo much hurt unto the poor S1C1L1AaNs , that the miſery and
calamity which they had ſuffered under the Tyrants , ſeemed all to be gold unto them , in reſpe& of
that which theſe Captains had made them to abide. And they did- think them more happy , that
had willingly ſubmitted themſelves unto the yoke of ſervitude : then thoſe which they ſaw reſtored
and ſer at liberry. Therefore perſwading theraſelyes , that this CORxNTHI AN would be no bet-
ter unto them , then the other. had been before , but ſuppoſing they were the elf-ſame former
crafts, and alluring baits of good hope and fair words, which they had taſted of before , todraw
them to accept new Tyrants : they did ſore ſuſpect it , and reject all the CoxrtnTHians perſya-
ſions. Saving the ADRANITANS onely , whoſe little City being conſecrated to the god 44ra-
##us (and greatly honoured and reverenced through all $111.) was then in diſſention one againſt
anothet : infomuch as one part of them took part with /cetes, and the CAxTHAGINIANS , and
the other ſent unto Timon. So it fortuned that both che one and: the other , making all the poſ-
ſible ſpeed they could , who ſhould come firſt , arrived both in manner at one ſelf-time, [ceter
had about five thouſand Souldiers. T:moleon had not in all above twelve hundred men , with
which he departed to go towards the Ciry of Apranus , diſtant from TauRoMEN1ON about
three hundred and fourty Furlongs. For the firſt days Jo he went no great way, but lodged
berimes : but the next morning he marched very haſtily , and had marvellous ill way. When night
was come , and day-light ſhut in , he had news that Zceres did but newly arrive before Apga us,
where he encamped. When the private Captains underſtood this , they cauſed the Vaward to ſtay,
to eat and repoſe a little , that they might be the Juftier , and the Rronger to fight, But 7i-
moleon did ſet till forwards, and prayed them not to ſtay , but tro go on with all the ſpeedthey
could poſſible , that they might rake their E out of order ( asit was likely they ſhould) be-
ing but newly arrived , and troubled with maki ir Cabbins, —_— for Supper, There-
with as he {pake theſe words, he took his Target on his arm , and marched himſelf the foremoſt
man, as bravely and couragiouſly as if he had gone to a moſt aſſured ViRtory, The Souldiers
Timoleon over- ſeeing him march with that life , they followed at his heels with like courage, So they had not
threw Tccte* paſſing thirty Furlongs to go , which when they had overcome , they ſtraight ſet upon their Ene-
_—_ "wo i mies, whom they found all out of order, and began to flie , ſo ſoon as they ſaw they were upon
from Adrenus, their backs before they were aware. By this means there were not above three - hundred men
The Adrani- lain , and twice as many more taken Priſoners, and ſo their whole Camp was poſſeſſed, Then
tens yeeld unto the ADRANITANS opening their Gates, yeelded unto Timoleot , declaring unto him with great
m— fear, and no leſs wonder , how at the very time when he gave Charge upon the Enemies , the
Doors of the Temple of their god opened. of themſelves, and that the Javelin which the Image
of their god did hold in his hand , did ſhake at the very end where the iron head was, and how all
his face was ſeen to ſweat. This (= my opinion ) did not onely ſignifie the ViRory he had goi-
ten at that time , but allthe notable Exploits be did afterwards , unto the which , this firſt Encoun-
ter gave a happy beginning. For immediately after, many Cities ſent unto Timoleon, to joynin
Mamercus Ty- league with him, And Mamercws the Tyrant of CaTaNna, a Souldier , and very full of Money,
rant of Catznz, did alſo ſeek his Friendſhip. Furthermore , Dionyſus the Tyrant of SyRac us A , being weary 0
Dionyſus the follow hope any longer , and finding himſelf in manner forced unto by long contmuance of Siege,
Tyrant , yeel- qqade no more reckoning of 7ceres,when he knew that he was ſo ſhamefully overthrown. And cov-
GANT. trariwiſe , much eſteeming T imoleons valianeneſs , he ſent to advertiſe him , that he was content
- yeeld himſelf and the Caſtle inco the hands of the COx1NTHIANS. Timolton being glad of this
fs
wb... good hap unlooked for , ſent Exclides and Telemachus , two Captains of the CoR1NTHIANS,
(0
The god 4-
dranus,
TIMOLEON. 227
— —
to take poſſeſſion of the Caſtle , with four hundred men, not all at a time , nor openly ( for it was
impoſſible , rhe Enemies lying in waitin the Haven) but by ſmall Companies, and by ſtealth , he
conveyed them all into the Caſtle, ſoche Souldiers poſſeſſed the C aftle-, and the Tyrants Palace,with
all the Moveables and Munition of War within the ſame. There were a great number of Horſe of
Service , great ſtore of ſtaves and Weapons offenſive of att ſorts , and Engines of Battery to ſhoot
far off, and ſundry other Weapons: of defence , that had been gathered together of long time, to
arm chreeſcore and ten thouſand men.. Moreover , beſides all this, there were two thouſand Soul-
diers , whom with all che other things rehearſed , Di-»y/i4 delivered up into the hands of Timoleen :
and he himſelf , with his Money and a few of. his friends, went his-way by Sea , Icetes not knowing
ir, and ſo came to 7:-olcons Camp, This wasthe firſt time that ever they ſaw Dionyſpe a private
man , in- baſe and mean eſtate. And yet within: few: days after , 7imoleon ſent him from thefice |,
unto CorrNTnA in 2 Ship , with little ſtore of Money: who was born and brought up in- the am." _
greateſt and moſt famous Tyranny and'Kingdom, conquered by force , that ever was.in the World : recuſa ſent A
and which himſelf had kept by the ſpace of ten years after the death of his Father. Since Dion Corinth.
drave him our , he had been marvellouſly turmoyled in Wars, by the ſpace of twelve years : in
which time , alchough he had done much miſchief, yer he had ſuffered a great deal moxze. For be
ſaw the death of his Sons when they were men grown, and able to ſerveand carry Armour. He The miſert
ſaw his Daughters raviſhed by force, and defloured of theis Virginity. He ſaw his own Siſter (who 1 cotamiries
was alfo his Wife ) firſt of all ſhamed, anderuelly handled in her Perſon, with the greateſt villanies of Dionyſus
and moft viſe parts done unto her , that his: Energies could deviſe : and afterwards horribly murdered the Tyrant.
with her Children, and their bodies in the end throwninto the Sea, as we have more amply declared
in the Lite of Digs, Now when Dieny ſine was arrived in the Ciry of CortNnta , every GRE- Dionyſius
C1AN was wonderfnll deftrous to go ſee him , and to talk with him, And ſome went thither very _ oY
glad of his overthrow , as if they had rroden him down with their feet , whom Fortune bad over-
thrown , ſo bitterly did they hate him. Other pitying him in their hearts to ſee ſo greatchange ,
did behold him as it were with a certain compalſtion , conſidering what great power, ſecret and
Divine Cauſes have over mens weaknefs and frailty , and thoſe things that daily paſs over our
heads, For the World then , did never bring forth any Work of Nature , or of mans band ſo Tye tucon-
wonderful}, as was this of Fortune : who made the World ſee a man, that before was in manner ſtancy vf for-
Lord and King of all $Src1z 2 , fir then commonly in the City of Contwrn , ralking with a Vi- tune.
ualer , or firting z whole day in a Perfumers Shop , or commonly drinking in ſome Cellar or Ta-
vern , or to brawl and ſcold in the midſt of the ſtreets, with common Whores in the face of the
World , or elſe toteach common Minftrels in every Lane and Alley, and to diſpute with them with
the beft reaſon he had, about the harmony and muſick of the they {ang in Theaters. Now
fome ſay he did this , becauſe he knew not elſe how he ſhould drive the time away , for that indeed
he was of a baſemind , and an effeminate perſon, given over to all diſhoneſt luſts and deſires. O-
ther are of opinion , he did it to be the leſs regarded, for fear left the CoxtnTHians ſhould
have him in jealouſie and fuſpicion,imagining that he did rake the change and ftate of his life in grie-
vous part , and that he ſhould yer look back, hoping for a time to recover his ſtate again + and
that for this cauſe he didit , and of purpoſe feigned many things againſt his Nature, and ſeeming to
be a ſtark Idiot, to fee him do thoſe things he did. Some notwithſtanding have gathered toge-
ther certain of his Anſwers, which do teftifie that he did not all theſe chings of a bale brutiſh mind,
but to fir himſelf onely to his preſent miſery and misfortune. For when he came to L8ucaDts, yt ay:
an ancient Ciry built by the Cox1NTHIANS , as was alſo the City of SyRAcusa , hetold the jngs of Diony-
Inhabitants of the ſame , that he was like ro young Boys that had done a fault : for as _— from fcus Syrauſans
their Fathers, being aſhamed to come to their ſight , and are gladder to be with their Bre ; even
ſo isit withme , ſaid he : for it would pleaſe me better to dwell here with you, then to go to Co-
R1XTH our head City. Another time , being at CoxinTH , a ſtr was very buſy with
him ( knowing how familiar Dienyſs was with learned men and Philoſophers, while he reigned in
SYRACUSA ) and asked him in the end in derifion ; what benefit he got by Plato's wiſdom and
knowledge? He anſwered him again : How thinkeſt thou , hath ir done me no good , when thou The benefit of
ſeeſt me bear ſo patiently this change of Fortune > Ariftoxenws a Muſician, and other, asking him
what oftence Plats had done unto him : he anſwered , That Tyrants ſtate is ever unfortunate , and ſub-
je&t ro many evils : but yet no evill in their ſtate was comparable to this z that none of all thoſe
= take ro be their moſt familiars , dare once tell them truly a thing : and that through their
fault, he left Plato's company. Another time there cometh a pleaſant fellow to him , and thinking
to mock him finely , as he entred into his Chamber , he ſhook his Gown, as the manner is
when they come to Tyrants, to ſhew that they have no Weapons under their Gowns, But Diony-
«s encountred him as pleaſantly , ſaying to bim : Do that when thou goeſt hence, to ſee if thou
baſt ſtoln nothing. And again ,-Philip King of MActDpon , at his table one day deſcending
to talk of Songs, Verſe, and Tragedirs , which Die#y fix his Father had made, making as though
he wondred ar them , how poſſibly he could have leifure to do them : he anſwered him very trimly ,
and ro = purpoſe : He did them even at ſuch times ( quoth he ) as you and I, and other great
Lords whom they reckon happy , are diſpoſed to be drunk , and play the Fools. Now for Plate, be
never ſaw Di-ayfinzat CORINTH, But Diogencs Sinopian , the firft time that ever he met with Die-
1yfs , faid unto him : O , how unworthy art thou of this tate ! Diony/ins ſtayed ſuddenly and re-
plyed : Truly I thank thee ( Diogenes ) that thou haſt compaſlion of my miſery, Why , ſaid Diogenes
again ;
Philoſophy.
A Tyrants
ftate unfortu-
nate.
This agreeth
with A ſops
words to Solon,
who wiſhed
him coming
to Princes to
pleaſe them,
not to come
near them,
See Solons
Life,and his
Anſwer to
ft [op-
4
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— RR
TIMOLEOMN.
Diogenes ſay- again ; Doſt thou think I piry thee ? nay it ſpiteth me rather , ro ſee ſuch a Slave as thou ( worthy
ing to P107yſi- tg die inthe wicked ſtate of a Tyrant like thy Father ) to live in ſuch ſecurity and idle life, as thou
us the Tyrant- jeadeſt amongſt'us, When 1 came to compare theſe words of Diogenes, with Phili/tc words the Hi.
ſoriographer , bewailing the hard fortune of rhe Daughters of the LEeTixEs , ſaying that they
were brought from the top of all worldly felicity, honour and goods(whereof tyrannicall ſtate aboun-
deth ) unto a baſe , private and humble life '; merhinks they are the proper lanientations of a woman,
that ſorroweth for the loſs of her Boxes of. painting Colours, or for her Purple Gowns, or for other
ſuch pretty finetrims of Gold , as women uſe to wear. ...So , methinks theſe things I have intermingled
concerning Dzonyſies , are not impertinent to the deſcription of our Lives, neither are they trouble.
ſome or nv" to the hearers , unleſs they have other hafty buſineſs ro lett or trouble them.
Timoleons pro- But now if the Tyrant Diony #4 wretched ſtate ſeem ſtrange , 75moleons proſperity then was no lels
ſperity. wonderfull. For within fifry days after he had ſet' foot in $1c1Lis , hehad the Caſtle of Sy rs a-
cusA in his poſſeſlion , and ſent D;onyſ6xes as an exile to CORINTH. This did ſet the Cortx-
THIANS inſuch a jollity , that they ſent him a ſupply of two thouſand Footmen, and two hundred
Horſmen , which were appointed to land in ITALy , inthe Countrey of the Thuria xs. And
perceiving that they could not poſſibly go from thence into S1c1LE , becauſe the CarTHAGI Ni.
ANs kepr the Seas with a great mayy of Ships , and that thereby they were compelled to ſtay for bet.
ter opportunity : in the mean time they beſtowed their leiſure in doing a notable good at, For the
_* Trur1aNs being in Wars at that time with the BxuT1aNs , they did put their City into their
= —_— hands, which they kept very faithfully and friendly , as it had been their own native Countrey. 1cetes
_ kill - =o all this while did beſiegethe Caſtle of SYRa cus a , preventing all he could poſſible , that there ſhould
at Adranus, come no Corn by Sea unto the CORINTHIAN $ that kept withinthe Caſtle : and he had hired two
ſtrange Souldiers , which he ſent unto the City of ADRANus , to kill 7:imoleon by Treaſon, who
kept 'no guard about his perſon, and continued amongſt the AdRaNI1TANS, miſtruſting nothing
in the World', for the truſt and confidence he had in the ſafeguard of the god of the Ara nit ans,
Theſe Souldiers being ſent ro.do this murther,were by chance informed that 7;woleox ſhould one day
do Sacrifice unto this god. So upon this, they came into the Temple , having Daggers under their
Gowns, and- by little and little chruſt in through the preaſe , that they got atthe length hard to the
SY” Altar. But at the preſent time as one- incouraged another to diſpatch the matter , a third perſon they
Jife arg thought not of, gave one ofthe two a great cut in the head with his Sword , that he fell to the ground.
Timoleon by The man that had hurt him thus, fled traight upon it , with his Sword drawn in his hand , and reco-
one of the yvered the top of a high Rock. -The other Souldier that came with him , and that was not hurt , got
Souldiers, hold of a corner of the Altar, and beſought pardon of 7imoleen , and told him he would diſcover
the - Treaſon practiſed againſt him. T7imo/con thereupon pardoned him. Then he told him how his
Companion that was ſlain , and himſelf, were both hired , and ſent to kill him. In the mean time ,
they brought him alſo that had taken the Rock , who cried our aloud , He had done no morethen he
ſhould do : for he had killed him that had ſlain his own Father before, in the City of Lzowrt1-
The wonder- NEs, And to juftifie this ro be- true, certain that ood by did affirm it was ſo indeed, Wherear
full work of they wondred greatly to conſider the maryellous working of Fortune , how ſhe doth bring one thing
Fortune. to paſs by means of another, and gathereth all things together , how far aſunder ſocver they be,
and linketh them together, though they ſeem to be clean contrary one to another, with no man-
ner of likeneſs or conjunction between rhem , making the end of the one, to be the beginning of
another. The COr1NTHIANS examining this matter throughly , gave him that ſlew the Soul-
dier with his Sword , a Crown of the value of ten Minas , becauſe that by means of his juſt an-
ger , he had done good ſerviceto.the god that had preſerved Timeleon. And furthermore , this good
hap did not- onely ſerve the preſent turn , but_ was to good purpoſe ever after. For thoſe that
ſaw it, were put in better hope , and had thenceforth more care and regard unto T :meleons perſon,
becauſe he was a holy man, onethat loved the gods , and that was purpoſely ſent ro deliver $1c1tE
from captivity. But Jcetes having miſſed his firſt purpoſe , and ſeeing numbers daily drawn to T;-
moleons devotion," he was mad with himſelf , that having ſo great an Army of the CaxTha-
GINIANS at hand at his commandment , he took but a few of them to ſerve his turn, as if he
' had been aſhamed of his fat, and had uſed their friendſhip by ſtealth. So he ſent thereupon for
Icetes bringeth ago their Generall , with all his Fleet. Jſagoat his requeſt brought an huge Army to ſee to,
Mago a Car- of a hundred and fifty Sail, which occupied and covered all the Haven : and afterwards landed three-
gas with ſcore thouſarid men , whom he lodged every man within the City of SyRacusa. Then every
x RP man imagined the time was now come, which old men had threatned $1 CILE with many years
before, and that continually : that one day it ſhould be conquered, and inhabited by the barbarous
People. For in all the Wars the CARTHAGINIANS ever had before in the Countrey of $1c1LE,
they could never come to take the City of SYRAcusa : and then through Jceres Treaſon , who had
received them , they were ſeen encamped there. On the other fide, the CoxinTHI1ANS that were
within the Caſtle , found themſelves in great diſtreſs, becauſe their V ictuals waxed ſcant , and the Ha-
ven was ſo ſtraightly kept.- Moreover, they were driven to be armed continually to defend the Walls,
which the Enemies battered , and aſſaulted in ſundry places, with all kinds of Engines of battery, and
ſundry ſorts of deviſed Inftruments and inventions to take C ities : by reaſon whereof , they were com-
+ pelled alſo to divide themſelves into many Companies. Nevertheleſs , 7imoleon without , gave then
all the aid he could poſſible : ſending them Corn from Ca Tana , in little Fiſher-boats and
ſmall Crayers, which got .into the Caſtle many rimes , bur ſpecially in ſtormy and fopl weather,
—_
paſling
=
T-IMOL'E0 MN. 129.
— ——— ——— — ____—
—_ —
— — — ——_ —_—
paſſing by the Galleys of rhe barbarous People , that lay ſcattering one from another , diſperſed
abroad by tempeſt, .and great billows of rhe Sea. | But AMago and [ceres finding this , determined
to go take the City of CaTA NA, from whence thoſe of the Caſtle of Sy «a cusa were victu-
alled : and raking withithem the beſt Souldiers of all their Army, they departed from Sy x a cusa,
and failed towards CATAaNnAa, Now 'in the mean' ſpate';) Leon CorRINTHIAN , Captain of all £597 Captain
thoſe that were within'che" Caftle, perceiving the Enemies within the City , kept but-lender Ward, 5; *** —_—
made a ſudden Salley' out -upon them , and raking them unawares, flew a great mumber at the firſt the Caltte,
Charge, and drave:away the other. | So by this occafion he wan a quarter: of the City , which they Leon wan
call ACRADINA , and wias the beſt part of the Ciry, that had received leaſt hurt. For the Ciry of 4cradins,
SYRACUSA ſeemeth-to be built of many Towns joyned' together. "So having found there great
plenty of Corn , Gold and Silver, he would not forſake that Quarter no more, nor return again
into the Caſtle : but fortifying with all diligence che compaſs and precind&t: of the ſame, and joyning
it urito the Caſtle with certam Fortificarions- he buile up in haſte, he determined ro keep both the
one and the other. Now were eFago and Jcetes very near unto CaTANa, when a Poſt overtook
them , purpoſely ſent from SyR&acusA unto 'them:, who brought them news, that the Ac ra-
DINA was taken, - Whereat they both -wondred , and returned back again with all ſpeed poſiible
( having failed of their purpoſe they pretended ): to keep that they had yer left in their hands. Now
tor that matrer , it is yet a queſtion , whether we ſhould impure it unto wiſdom and valiancy , or unto
good fortune : butthe'thing I will tell younow, in my opinion, is altogether to be aſcribed unto For-
tune. And this it is: The'two thouſand Footmen and two hundred Horſemen of the Corxrxm#i-
A NS, that remained inthe City of the Tuuxrans, partly for fear of the Galleys of the CaR- Fortune and
THAGINIANS, thatlay in wait for them as they ſhould paſs , Hawno being their Admirall : and valiancy,
partly alſo for that the Sea was very rough and high many dayes together ,. and was always in ſtorm
and tempeſt : inthe end, they ventured to go through the: Countrey of the Bxut1aNns, and partly
with their good will ( bur rather by force ) they gotthrough , and recovered the Ciry of RueG10,
the Sea being marvellous high and rough. Hanne the: Admirall of 'the CaxTracinians, loo-
king no more then for their paſſage , thought wich himſelf thar he bad deviſed a marvellous fine po-
licy , to deceive the Enemies. Thereupon he willed all his men to pur: Garlands.of Flowers of Tri- The firarouoas
umph upon their heads ,- and therewithall alſo made them dreſs up, and ſer forth his Galleys, with of r1anns the
Targets , Corllets, and Brigantines , after the GREc1ANs faſhion, So in this bravery he returned Admirall- of
back again , ſayling towards SYRacusa , and came in with force of Oars, rowing under the Ca- the Caribagt-
files ſide of SYRAcus a , with great laughing and clapping of bands , crying out aloud to them that ***
were iri the Caſtle, that he had overthrown their aid-which came from CoxiNTH , as they thought
to paſs by the Coaſt of ITALY into S1ETLE , flattering himſelf, that chis did much diſcourage
thoſe that were beſieged. Bur whileft-he ſported thus with this fond device, the two thouſand Co-
RINTHIANS being arrived through the Countrey of, the Caut1ans in the City of Rysc10,
perceiving the Coaſt clear , and that the paſſage by Sea was nor kept, and that the raging Seas were
by miracle ( as it were ) made of purpoſe calm tor them : they rook' Sea forthwith in ſuch Fiſher-
boats and Paſſengers as they found ready , in the which they went into S1c 11, in ſuch good ſafety,
as they drew their Horſe ( holding them by the rains ) along their Boats wththem. When they
were all paſſed over ,, Timeleon having received them ; went immediately to rake MEs$1Na , and
marching thence in Battell ray , took his way towards SYRAcusa, truſting better to bis good
Fortune , then to his Force he had : for his whole number in all werenot above four thouſand fight-
ing men. Notwithſtanding, ago hearing of his coming , quaked for fear, and doubted the more
upon this occaſion. About SYRacusa are certain Marſhes, that receive great quantity of ſweet
freſh Water, as well of Fountains and Springs , as alſo of little runnings, Brooks, Lakes, and Ri-
vers, which run' that ways towards the Sea : and therefore there are great ſtore of Eeles in that
place , and the fiſhing is great there at all times, but ſpecially for ſuch as delight to take Eeles. Where-
upon the GREC1ANS that took pay on both ſides, when they had leifure,. and that all was quiet
between them , they intended fiſhing. Now , they being all Countreymen, and of one Language,
had no private quarrell one with another : but when time was to fight, they did their duties , and in
time of peace alſo frequented familiarly together , and -one {pake with another, and ſpecially when
they were buſie fiſhing for Eels : ſaying}, that they marvelled at the ſituation of the goodly pla-
ces thereabouts , and that they ſtood ſo pleaſantly and commodious upon the Sea fide. So one
of the Souldiers chat ſerved under the CoxtxTHians chanced to fay unto them : Is it poſlible
that you that be GREc1ans born, and have ſo goodly a City of your own , and full of fo
many goodly Commodities : that ye will - give it up unto theſe barbarous People , the Cart HaA-
GINIANS , and moſt cruell murderers of the World 2 -where you ſhould -racher wiſh that there
were many $1c1LEsS betwixt them and GREzcE, Haveyeſo little confideration or judgement ro
think , that they 'have affernbled an Army out of all Arr1c« , unto Herycsles Pillars , and to the
Sea ATLANTICK , £0 come hither to fight to ftabliſh 7ceres ryranny ? who, if he had been a
wiſe and kilfyll Captain, would not have caſt out his Anceſtors and Founders , co bring into his
Countrey the ancient Enemies of the ſame : but might have received ſuch Honour and Authority of
the COR1nTHIANS and Timolecx , as he could reafondbly have defired , and that with all their
favour and good will. The Souldiers that heard this Tale , reported ic again in their Camp : inſomuch
they made MagoſuſpeR there was Treaſon-in band, ant fo ſought ſome colour to be gone. But here-
upon, notwithſtanding that JZceres prayedhim ati he coultt9 rarry , declaring unto him how _
. ey
Contention of
——
230 TIMOLEON. =
they were ſtronger then their Enemies , and that T imoleon did-xathet prevail-by his hardineſs and
good: fortune , then exceed him/in number of men : yet he hoiſed Saile , and:\rewrned with ſhame
Magoforſaketh enough into AFR1Cx , letting flip the Conqueſt of -S1c1LE out of bis hands without any fight of
: ry *o -'s reaſon or cauſe at all, The next day after he was: gone , Timeleom. preſented: :Bane)l before the City,
(ett 00. 164- when the. GRECIANS. and he underſtoodihat! the -CARTHAGINIANS awexe fled , and that they
ſaw the Haven rid of all the Ships : and then began ro jeſt-at : 44ago*s ,cowatrdlinels, and in derifion
proclaimed in the City , that they would give him a good reward.,' that could, britig chem news, whi-
ther the Army of-the CxaxTHAGINIANS were fled, Bur for all this; Jcetes. was bent. to fight,
and would nor leavethe Spoil he had gotten', bur defend the Quarters of the- Cizy he- had poſleiled,
ar the Swords point , truſtingto.the ftrength-and ſituation of. the places , which were hardly io be ap.
proached, Timolcon perceiving that , divided his Army , and -he with one part; thereof djd ſer upon
Anapus fl. that fide which was the hardeſt to approach, and did ſtand upon the Rivey;0f:ANa Þ u;s.: then he
appointed another part of his Army to aſfault'all at: one type , the fide of AcarD1NxaA, whereof
Ifias CORINTHIAN - The third part of his Army that came laſt from Corry ,
* P08 Pg which Dizarchs and Demaratws led , he appointed to aſſault the Quarter called Ey1201ts., Thus,
nerh the City aſſault being given on all ſides at one time , /ceres- Bands of men were broken, and rantheir way,
of Syracuſa., = Now that the City was thus won by affault , and come {ſo ſuddenly to the hands of Timeleen, and
the Enemies being fled , it is good reaſon we aſcribe ix. to the yaliantneſs of the Souldiers, and the
Caprains great wiſdom. Bur where there was not one CORINTHIAN ſlain nor hurt in this aſ.
fault, ſure methinks herein it was onely the work and deed of Fortune, that did favour and prote&
T imoleon , to contend againſt his valiantnels: to the end that thoſe which ſhould hereafter hear of
his doings , ſhould have more occaſion to wonder at. his good hap, then to praiſe and commend his
valiantneſs. For the fame of this great Exploit, did in tew days nor onely run through all IT a Ly,
but alſo through all Gzztct. Inſomuch as the CORLNTHIANS ( who could ſcant believe their
men were paſſed with ſafery into S1c1LE ) underſtood withall that they were ſafely arrived there ,
and had gottenthe ViRtory of their Enemies : ſo proſperous was their journey, and Fortune ſo ſpee-
dily did favour his noble as. Timolron having now the Caſtle of SYRAcusa in his hands , did not
follow Dion. For he ſpared not the Caſtle for the beauty and ſtately building thereof , but avoiding
the ſuſpition that cauſed Djon firſt tobe accuſed , and laſtly to be ſlain , he cauſed itto be proclaimed
Timoleon over- by Trumpet , that any SYRACUSIAN whatſoever , ſhould come with crows of Iron and matcocks,
throwerh the to help to dig down and :overthrow the- Fort of the Tyrants. There was not a man in all the
Caſtle of $y- City of $YRACUSA , but went. thither ftraight , and thought that Proclamation and day to be a
racuſa, moſt happy beginning of the recovery of their liberty, So did not onely overthrow the Caltle,
but the Palace alſo , and the Tombs : and generally all that ſeryed in any reſpect for the memory of
Timoleon made any of the Tyrants, And having cleared the place in few days, and made all plain , 7 moleon at the
CG) l pug 2 PO ſure of the Citizens, made Council-halls, and places of Juſtice to be built. there ; and did by this means
puter Yovet- ftabliſh a free State and Popular Government , and did ſuppreſs alltyrannicall Power, Now, when
The miſerable he ſaw he had won a City that had no Inhabitants , which Wars before had conſumed,and tear of
Bate of Sjcile. tyranny had emptied , ſo as graſs grew ſo high and rank in the great Market-place of SyRAcusa,
as they grazed their Horſes there, and the Horſe-keepers lay down by them on the graſs as chey
fed : and thar- all the Cities, a few excepted, were full of red Deer and wild Bores, ſo that men given
to delight in hunting having leiſure , might find Game many times within the Suburbs and Town-
ditches, hard by the Walls : and that ſuch as dwelt in Caſtles and ſtrong Holds in the Countrey,
would not leave them , to come and dwell in Cities , by reaſon they were all grown ſo ſtout , and did
ſo hate and deteft Aſſemblies of Council , Orations, and order of Government , where {ſo many Ty-
rants had reigned, - Timoleon thereupon ſeeing this deſolation, and alſo ſo few SYRAcus1AN s born
that had eſcaped , thought good , and all his Captains, to write to the CORINTHIANS to ſend
People out of GREECE to inhabit the City of SYRA cus 4 again. For otherwiſe the Countrey
Mego flew would grow barren and unprofitable, if the ground were not ploughed. Beſides , that they looked
CRRng alſo for great Wars out of AFR1cx : being advertiſed that the CaRTHAG 1NIANS bad hung
fiver his Punk up the body of Mare their Generallupon a Croſs , ( who had ſlain himſeli for that he could not a0-
ture out of $;- ſwer the diſhonour laid ro his charge ) and that they did leavy another great mighty Army, to re-
cite. turn again the next year following , to make Wars in S1c1LE. Theſe Lenters of T imoleoy being
brought unto CoR1NTH , and the Ambaſſadours of $xK&acusa, being arrived with them allo,
who. beſought the People to take care and proteQtion over their poor City , and that they would once
again be Founders of the ſame : the Cox 1NTHIANS did not greedily deſire to be Lordsof ſo goodly
and great a City, but firſt proclaimed by the Trumper in all the- Aſſemblies, ſolemn Feaſts, and com-
mon Playes of GREECE, that the CoR1NTHIANS having deſtroyed. the Tyranny that was !!
the City of SYxacusa, and driven out the” Tyrants , did call the Sx acuS1ta xs that were Fu-
gitives 'out of their Countrey home again ,. and all other $1c111ANs that liked ro come and dwell
there , toenjoy all freedom and liberty , with promiſe to make juſt and equall diviſion of the Lands
among' them, the one to have as much as the other. Moreover , they ſent our Poſts and Meſſengers
into A:s1a 4 and into allthe Iſlands where they underſtood the baniſhed Sy x acus14aNs remained, t0
perſwade' and intreat them to come to COR1NTH, and that the Cox1NnTHIA Ns would give them
Ships,” Captains , and means to condu&t them ſafely unto SYRAcusA , at their own proper coſts
and charges. In recompence whereof , the 'Ciry of Cor1nTH received every mans moſt noble
praiſe and bleſſing , as well for delivering $1c11s in that ſyrt from the bondage of Foun
_ Tn —S = F
_a—
Ce ee id —
ro
__TIMOLEO XN. 231
as alſo for keeping it out of the hands of the barbatous People , and reſtoring the naturall Sy x a-
CUSIANS and SICILIANS, to their home and Countrey again, Nevertheleſs , ſuch Stcrt-
ANS as repaired to COR1NTH upon this Proclamation ( themſelves being but a ſmali number to
inhabit the Countrey ) beſought the CorxiNTHIANS to joyn to them ſome other Inhabitants ,
25 well of C ORINTH it felt , as out of the reſt of GrxzEcEt : the which was performed, For
they gathered rogether about ten thouſand perſons , whom they ſhipped and ſent to SyracusA.
Where there were already a great number of other come unto Timeleon, as well out of SiciLs it
ſelf , as out of ITALY beſides : fo that the whole number ( as Athans writeth ) came to threeſcore
thouſand perſons. Amongſt them he divided the whole Countrey , and ſold them Houſes of the City
unto the value of a thouſand Talents. And becauſe he would leave the old SyRacusrans able The Corinthi-
' ans repleni
to recover their own , and make the poor People by this means to have Money in common , to de- the Cry of 9+
r—
fray the common charge of the City , as alſo their expences in time of Wars: the Statues or Ima- racuſz with
ges were ſold , and the People by moſt voyces did condemn them : fot they were ſolemnly indited *hreeſcore
accuſed and arraigned, as if they had been men alive to be condemned. And it is reported that the thouſand In-
habitants,
SYRACUSIANS did reſerve the Statue of Gelox , an ancient Tyrant of their City, honouring his
memory becauſe of a great Vitory he had won of the CaxTHAG1N1ANs ; near the City of
HimERA t and condemned all the reſt to be taken away our of every corner of the Ciry ; and to be
| ſold. Thus began the Ciry of SyRa cus a to repleniſh again , and by little and littleto recover it
: ſelf, many People coming thither from all parts ro dwell there. Thereupon Timoleon thought to ſer
, all the other Cities at liberty alſo, and utterly to root out all the Tyrams of S1cirsz : and to obtain
F his purpoſe , he went to make Wars with them at their own doors, The firſt he went againſt was
Icetes , whom he compelled to forſake che League of the CARTHAGtNIANS , and to promiſe alſo
that he would raze all the Fortreſſes he kept , and to live like a private man within the City of the Lz-
ONTINES, Leptines in like manner ,i that was Tyrant of the City of AvoLLON1A , andof many — , L)
other little Villages thereabouts , when he ſaw himlelf in danger to be taken by force , did yeeld him- erage 4
R, ſelf : Whereupon T imolcon ſaved his life , and ſent him unto COR 1 NTH ; thinking it honourable for Timelcon,
his Countrey , that the other Gxzc1A Ns ſhould ſee the Tyrants of $1c1Lz in their chief City
of fame , living meanly and poorly like baniſhed People. When he had brought this to. paſs, he re-
ng turnech forthwith to SYRAcus A about the ſtabliſhment of the Common-weal', aſſiſting C: phalus
ed and D5on4/is , two notable men ſent from CoR1NTH to reform 'the Laws, and to help .them to
ra ſtabliſh the goodlieft Ordinances for their Common-weal. And now inthe mean time , becauſe the
Souldiers had a mind to get ſomething of their Enemies, and to avoid idleneſs, he ſent them our
Ne. abroad into a Countrey ſubjet to the CARTHAGINIANS , under the charge of Dimarchus and
K; Demaratus : where they made many little Towns rebell againſt the barbarous People , and did nor
N onely liveinall abundance of wealth , but they gathered Money together alſo ro maintain the Wars;
”" The CARTHAGINIANS 0n the other fide, while they were bufie about theſematrers ; came down
cans into Ly t.12e4 , withan Army of threeſcore and ten thouſand men, two hundred Galleys, and a thou-
hen ſand othet Ships and Veſſels that carried Enginevof battery , Carts, ViRtuals , Munition,and other ne-
x 0l cefſary Frovition for a Camp , intending to make ſporting Wars no more , but art once to drive all
7'W- the GRECTA NS again quite out of S1c1LE; For indeed it was an able Army to overcome all the
they $1CIL1ANS , if they had been whole of themſelves, and not divided. Now they being advertiſed |
yen that the $1c 11.1 A Ns had invaded their Counttey , they went rowards them in great fury led by Aſ- The Army
£634 drnbal and Amilcar , Generals of the Army, This news was fttaight brought to SYRacusa , 3nd Ships of
ry 4 and the Inhabitants were ſo ſtricken with fear of the teport of their Army : that being a marvellous *** ©or1hags-
ddi reat number of them within the City , ſcant three thouſand of them had the hearts to arm them- Ta te
Tyr elves, and to go to the Field with T :molcovy. Now the ſtrangers that took pay, were not above four druba! and 4-
_ thouſand in all : and of them, a thouſand of their hearts failed , and left him in mid-way, and returned milcar being
ken home again: ſaying, that T;moleon was out of his wits, and more raſh then his years required , ro Ccnerals,
as. undertake with five thouſand Footmen , and a thouſand Horſe , to go againſt threefteore and ten thou-
ooke ſand men : and beſides, to carry that ſmall force he had to defend himſelf withall , eight great days
hung journey from SyYRAcusA : fo that if it chanced they were compelled to flie , they had no place x;,,1.,4 wene
ot W- whither they might retire themſelves unto with ſafery , nor man that would take care to bury them, with fix thou-
wr when they were ſlain. Nevertheleſs, 75molcon was glad he had that proof of them , betore he fand inen a-
xy cirhe to Battell, Moteover , having encouraged thoſe that remained with him , he made them march $2ivit the Car-
| ,
with ſpeed towards the River of CRimzsus; where he underftood he ſhould meet with the agraiens
d once CARTHAGINIANS.. So getting up upon a little hill , from whence he might ſee the Camp of (,;
poodly the Enemies on the other ſide: Hu certain Moils fell upon his Army , Cid with Canlbee. AN
d com The Souldiers took a conceit at the firſt npon ſight of it, and thought it was a token of ill luck : be- Smallage an itt
was IN cauſe it is 4 manner we uſe, to hang Garlands of this Herb about the Tombs of the dead. Hereof 6g".
ere bo, came thie common Proverb they uſe to ſpeak ; when one lieth a paſſing in his bed : He lackerh bur Proverb.
mw Smallage : as much to ſay , he is but a dead man. But Timoleox to draw them from this foolilh
e L Superſtition and diſcourage they took , ſtaid the Army : and when he had uſed certain perſwaſi-
ſſenger ons unto them , according to the time , his leiſure , and occaſion, he told them that the Garland of it
ined, [0 ſelf came to offer them ViRory before hand. For, ſaid he, the CoxtnTHrians docrown them
ve _ that win the IsTM1a n Games ( which are celebrated in their C ountrey ) with Garlands of Smal-
Ver - , lage. And at that time alſo even in the ſolemn IsT 1 4 n Games , they uſed the Garland of Smal- ©... 1. +
Joy lage for reward and token of ViRory : and arthis preſent it is alſo ufed inthe Games of N8m5 a. Smallage,
And
The order of
the Carthagi-
nians Army,
in two partsby meansof the River , ſome of them being already paſſed over , and the other to paſs ;
aug = 8” he commanded Demaratus with his Horſemen to give a Charge on the Vaward , to keep them trom
S* _ putting themſelves in. order of Battell. And himſelf coming down the hill alſo with all his Foormen
he Car- P |
beriniens 25 into the Valley, he gave to the S1C1LIANS ithe two Wings of his Battell , mingling with them
thaginians as INtO t
they came o- ſome ſtrangers that ſerved underhim : and placed with himſelf in the midſt , the SyRacusaxs
_ River with all the choiſe and beſt liked ſtrangers. So he tarried not long to joyn , when he ſaw the (mall
The jak of good his Horſemen did. For he perceived they could not come to give a luſty Purge upon the Bat-
the armed tell of the CaxTHAGIiNiaNs$, becauſethey were paled in with theſe armed Carts, that ran here
Carts, and there before them : whereupon they were compelled ro wheel about continually ( unleſs they
would have put themſelves in danger to have been utterly overthrown ) and in their returns to give
: venture of charge, by turns on their Enemies. Wherefore T zmoleon taking his Target on his arm,
Timoleonswar- cried out aloud ro his Footmen, - to follow him couragiouſly , and to fear nothing. Thoſe that heard
es be © voyce, thought it more then the voyce of a man , whether the fury of his defire to fight did (6
Te ſtrain it beyond ordinary courſe , or that ſome god ( as many thought it then) did ftretch his voyceto
cry out ſo loud-and ſenſibly, His Souldiers anſwered him again with the like voyce : and prayed him
yn 9- tolead them without longer delay. Then he made his Horſemen underſtang , that they ſhould draw
cr an@ Pg. on the one fide from the Carts, and that they ſhould charge the CaxTHAGINIA NS on the Flanks:
and after he did ſet the foremoſt rank of his Bartell, Target to Target againſt the Enemies, command-
ding the Trumpets withall to ſound. Thus with great fury he went to give a charge upon them , who
valiantly received the firſt Charge , their bodies being armed with good iron Corſelets, and their heads
with faire Murrions of Copper , beſides the great Targets they had alſo, which did eaſily receivethe
force of their Darts, andthe thruſt of the Pike, But when they came to handle their Swords, where
ny agility was more requiſite then force ; a fearfull tempeſt of thunder, and flaſhing lightning withall,
hater - ++. came from the Mountains. . After that came dark thick clouds alſo ( gathered together from the
ning , _, rop of the Hills ) and fell upon the Valley where the Bartell was fought , with a marvellous extream
wind and ſhower of rain, fierce violent winds, and bail withall. All this Tempeſt was upon the Gre c1-
hail , fullin Aaxs backs, and fiill before the. barbarous People , beating on their faces, and did blindfold their
—_ eyes, and continually tormented them with the rain that came tull upon them with che wind , and
they haaſa. the lightnings ſo oft ing amongſt them , that one underſtood not another of them. Which did
marvellouſly trouble them , and ſpecially thoſe that were but freſh-water Souldiers , by reaſon of the
terrible thunder-claps , and the noiſe the boyſterous wind and hail made upon their Harnels : for
that made them they could not hear the order of their Captains. Moreover , the dirt did as much
annoy the CARTHAGINIANS , becauſe they were not nimble in their Armour , but heavily ar-
med , as we havetold you : and belides that alſo , when the plaits of their Coats were through wet
with water, they did load and hinder them ſo much the more , that they could not fight with anyeale
This ſtood the Grtc1aNs to great purpoſe, to throw them down the eaſier, Thus when they
were tumbling in thedirt with their heavy Armour , up they could riſe no more. Furthermore, the
River of CR1Mesus being riſen high through the great rage of waters , and alſo for the multitude
of People that paſſed over it , did overflow the Valkey all about ; which being full of Digches, ma-
ny Caves, and hollow places , it was ſtraight all drowned over, and filled with many running ſtreams,
that ran overthwart the Field _ without any certain channell, The CarTHaGINIANS bt-
ing compaſſed all abou with theſe waters , they- could hardly get the way our of it, So 3s in the
end they being overcome with the torn that ſill did beat upon them, and the Grtc14 xs ha-
ving-flain of their men art the firft onſet , ro the number of four hundred of their choiſeſt ok
TIMOL EAU N. 233
CC"
who made the firſt front of their bartle : all the reft of their Army turned their backs unmediately
and fled for life. Inſomuch as ſome of them being followed very near, were put to the {word in the
midſt of the Valley : other, holding one another hard by the arms together, in the midft of the
River 'as they paſſed over, were carried down the ſtream and drowned with the ſwiftneſs and vio-
lence of the River. Bur the greateſt number thinking by foormanſhip to tecover the hills thereabours, Timoleons Vi-
were overtaken by them that were light armed, and put to the ſword every man. They ſay, that of &ory of the |
ten thouſand which were lain in this Battle, three thouſand of them were natural Citizens of Car. ©*"4ginians.
THAGE, which was a very ſorrowfull and grievous loſs to the Ciry : for they were of the nobleſt;
the richeſt, the luſtieſt and valianteſt men of all CaxTHaGe, For there is no Chronicle that men-
tioneth any former Wars art any time before, where there died ſo many of CARTHAGE at one
Field and Battle, as were (lain at that preſent time. For before that time, they did always entertain
the Fr B1aNs, the SPANIaRDs, and the NOMADES in all their Wars: ſo as when they lot
any Battle, the loſs lighted not on them, bur the ſtrangers paid for ir. -The men of acrount alto thar
were lain, were eafily known by their ſpoils. Fur they that ſpoiled them, ſtood nor trifling abour
getting of Copper and Iron together,” becauſe they found Gold and Silver enough, For the Battle
being won, the GRECIANS paſſed over the River, and rook the Camp of the barbarous people,
with all their carriages and baggage. And as for the Priſoners, the Souldiers ſtole many of rhem away,
and ſent them going : bur of them that came to lighc in the common diviſion of the ſpoil , they
were about five thouſand men, and two hundred Carts of War that were taken beſides. Oh, it was
a noble ſight ro behold the Tent of Timoleon the Generall , how they environed it all about with
heaps of ſpoils of every ſort ; among which there were a thouſand brave Corcelets gilt and gra-
ven with marvellous curious works, and they brought thither with them alſo ten thouſand Tar-
. So the Conquerors being but a ſmall number, to take the ſpoil of a multitude that were
in, they filled their Purſes even ro the top. Yet were they three days about it, and inthe end,
the third day after the Battle, they ſer up a mark or token of their —_ Then Timoleon ſent
unto CoR1NTH, with the news of this overthrow , the faireſt Armour that were gotten in the
ſpoil : becauſe he would make his Countrey and native City ſpoken of and commended through the
world, above all the other Cities of GxEEcs. Forthatat Cor1NTH onely, their chief Temples
were {et forth and adorned, not with the ſpoils of the Gxzc1a ns, nor Offerings gotten by ſpil-
ling the blood of their own Nation and Countrey, (which to fay truly, are unpleaſant memories,)
but with the ſpoils raken fromthe barbarous people their Enemies, with inſcriptions witneſſing the
valiancy and juſtice of thoſe alſo, who by Vi&tory had obtained them. Thar is ro wir, that the Co-
RINTHIANS and their Captain Timoleon ( having delivered the GRtctaxs dwelling in S1-
CILE, from the bondage of the CARTHAGINIANS) had given thoſe Offerings unto the gods, to
give thanks for their Vi&ory. That done, T5moleon leaving the ſtrangers he had in pay, in their Coun-
trey ſubje& ro the CAxTHA GINA NS, t0 ſpoil and deſtroy it, he returned with the teſt of his Ar-
my unto SYRA CusA : where at his firſt coming home, he baniſhed the thouſand Souldiers that had 7;,,,jeon ti.
forſaken him in his journey, with expreſs charge that they ſhould depart the City before Sun ſer, So niſherh the
theſe thouſand cowardly and mutinous Souldiers paſſed over into ITALY, where, under promiſe of chouſand rrai.
the contrary, they were all unfortunately ſlain by the BxutTians : ſuch was the juſtice of the *©*%? _—_
godsto pay the juſt reward of their Tteaſon. Afterwards, Mamercus the Tyrant of CaTA Na, and {1 OE
kcetes (whether it was for the envy they did bear to Timoleons famous deeds, or for that they were =
afraid of him) perceiving Tyrants could look for no peace at his hands : they made league with the
CARTHAGINIANS, and wrote unto them that they ſhould ſend another Army and Captain ſud- Wm
denly, if they would not utterly be driven out of S1c1ts. The Cax THAGINIANS ſent Giſco thi- Giſcoſent from
ther with threeſcore and ten fail, who at his firſt coming took a certain number of Grzc1 a x ©#r5hage with
Souldiers into pay, which were the firſt the Cax THAG1NiaNs ever retained in their ſervice, for _— —
they never gave them pay uncill that preſent time, when they thought them to be men invincible, and apes
the beſt Souldiers of the World. Moreover the inhabitants of the territory of Mzss1Na, having Meſſina riſeth
made a ſecret conſpiracy among thernſelves, did flay four hundred men that Timoleon had ſent unto againit Tims-
them ; and in the Territories ſubje& unto the Ca & THA G1N1A Ns, near unto the place they called (con.
Hizres, there was another ambuſh laid tor Exthinus Leucanian , ſo as himſelf and all his
Souldiers were cut in pieces, Howbeit the loſs of them made Timoleons doings notwithſtanding more
fortunate : for they wereeven thoſe that had forcibly entred the Temple of Apollo inthe City of Ds t-
PHOS with Philogemmsthe PHoc 1 4 N,and with Onomarchnr;who were partakers of their ſacriledge.
Moreover, they werelooſe people and abjeRts, that were abhorred of every body, who vagabondlike
wandred up and down the Countrey of Pero yoNNESUS, When T:molcon for lack of other was
lad to take them up. And when they came into $1c1LE, they always overcame in all Battles they
ought, whilſt they were in hiscompany. But inthe end, when the fury of Wars was pacified, T:-
moleon lending them about ſome ſpecial ſervice to the aid of ſome of his, they were caſt away every
man of them : and not all rogerher, bur atdiverstimes. So as it ſeemed that Gods juſtice, in favour
of Timoleon, did ſeperate them from the reſt, when he was determined to plague them for their wie=
ked deſerts, fearing leſt good men ſhould ſuffer hurt by puniſhing of the evil. And ſo was the grace
and good will of the gods wonderfull towards Timoleon, not onely in matters againſt him, but in
thoſe things that proſpered well with him. Notwithſtanding , the common people of SYRacusa
took the jeſting words and writings of the Tyrants againft them, in marvellous evil part, For
Mamercu among other, thinking well of himſelf, becauſe he could make Verſes and Tragedies,
| X having
e
,
4
0
0
n
W
224 TIMOLEO MX.
having in certain Battles gotten the better hand of the ſtrangers which the SYR a cus 14 ws gave Pay un-
to, he gloried very much, And when he offered up the Targets he had gotten of them, in the Tem.
ples of the gods, he ſer up alſo theſe cutting Verſes, in deriſion of them that were variquiſhed ;
fe Tyokas of with Bucklers pot-lid like, which of no value were, .
Catang. we have theſe goodly Targets won, ſo richly trimmed here,
And gorgeouſly with gold, andeke with Ivory,
With purple colours finely wrought, and decks with Ebony.
Colaris a ci: Theſe things done, Timoleon led his Army before the City of CaLaurra, and Tcetes therewhile
ty of Sicile. entred the confines of che SYRacustans with a main Army, and carried away a marvellous
great ſpoil : and after be had done great hurt, and ſpoiled the Countrey, he returned back again, and
came by CALAURIA, £0 deſpite T*moleon, knowing well enough he had at that time but few men a-
bout him. T:moleon ſuffered him to paſs by, but followed him afterwards with bis Horſe-men and
Daniris fi, lighteſt armed Foot-men, Jceres underſtanding that, paſſed over the River called Dau1rtas, and
Strife among ſo ſtaid on the other ſide as though he would fight, truſting to the ſwift running of the River, and the
T'imolcons height of the banks on either fide of the fame. Now the Captains of Timoleons Bands fell out marvel.
__— for loully amongſt themſelves, ſtriving for honour of this ſervice, which. was cauſe of delaying the battle.
Po _—_—” For none would willingly come behind, but every man defired to lead the vaward, for honour to begin
the charge : ſo as they could not = for their going over, one thruſting another to get before his com-
Timolcons de- panion, Wherefore Timoleon fell to drawing of Lots, which of them ſhould paſs over firſt,” and took
vice ro draw Aa Ring of every one of them, and caſt them all within the lap of his cloak : fo rolling them together,
Lots to pacifie hy chance he pluckt one at the firſt, whereon was graven the marks and tokens of a Triumph, The
the ſtrife. young Captains ſeeing that, gave a ſhout of joy, and without carrying drawing of other Lots, the
began every man to pals the River as quickly as they could, and to ſer upon the Enemies as ſuddenly,
But they being not able to'abide their force, ran their ways, and were fain to caſt their armour away
to make more haſte : howbeit there were'a thouſand of them lay dead in the field. And within few days
k ad after, Timolcon leading his army to the City of the LEONT1 Nxs, took Jcetes alive there, with his Son
Enzolemn his Expolemus, and the General of his Horſemen, who were delivered into his hands by his own Soul.
Son alive, and diers, $0 [cetes and his Son were put to death, like Traytors and Tyrants : and ſo was Euthydemy
did put them alſo, who though he wasa valiant Souldier, had no better may ſhewed him, than the Father and the
ro death, Son, becauſe they did burthen him with certain injurious words he ſpake againſt the Corr xTHIAans.
For they ſay, that when the COR1NTHIANS came firſt out of their Countrey into Sic, to make
Wars againſt the Tyrants : that he making an Orartion before the LEoNT1NEs, ſaid amongſt other
things, thar they ſhould nor need to be afraid, if
The 4Yomen of Corinth wero come out of their Countrey.
Thus we ſee, that men do rather ſuffer hurt, than pur up injurious words : and do pardon their Ene-
mies, though they revenge by deeds, becauſe they can do no leſs. But as for injurious words they ſeem
to proceed of a-deadly hate, and of a cankred malice. Furthermore, when T zmoleon was returned again
Tcetes Wives tO SYRACUSA, the SYRACUSIANS arraigned the Wives ' of Jceres, and his Son, and their Daugh-
and Children ters : who being arraigned, were alſo condemned to die by the judgement of the people. Of all theadts
put to death. -7;,y9/eon: did, this of all other (in my opinion) was the fouleſt deed ; for if hehad liſted, he might have
ſaved the poor Women from death. Burt he paſſed not for rhem, and ſo left them to the wrath of the
Citizens, who would be revenged of them, for the injuries that were done to Dt07, after he had driven
The cruelty of Out the Tyrant Dionyſ#us. For it was Tcetes that cauſed Arate,the Wife of Dzon,to be caſt into the Sea,
Tcetes towards his Siſter Ari/fomache, 'and his Son that was yet a ſucking Child, as we have written in another place
Dion and his.” in the Life of Dion, That done, he went to Ca TA Na againſt Mamercys, who tarried for him by the
"Mamercus 0 Riyer AB0LUS, where Mamereus 'was overthrown in Battle, and above two thouſand men (lain,
har. the greateſt part whereof werethe CaxTHAG1NIANS, whom G3ſco' had ſent for his relief. Af-
Abolus fl. terwards he granted Peace to the CARTHAG INIANS, uponearneſt ſuit madeto him, with condi-
Timolcon ma- tion, that they ſhould keep on the other fide of the River of Ly cus, and that it ſhould be lawful
keth peace for any of the inhabitants there that would, to come and dwell in the territory of the Syrxacu
yan oa ng = SIANS, and to bring away with them their goods, their Wives and Children : and furthermore,
Ly _— f. that from thenceforth the CarTHAG1NIans ſhould renounce all League, COT and
Alliance with the Tyrants. Whereupon Jamercu:s baving no hope of good ſucceſs in his doings,
" he would go into ITaLy, to ftir up the Lucanians againſt Timoleon and the SyYRacu
STANS, But they that were in bis company, returned back again with their Gallies in the mid way:
Catanz yielded and when they were returned into $1c1LE, they delivered up the City of CaTa na into the
X unto Tim of 7moleen, 10 as Mamercus was conſtrained to ſave himſelf, and to fly into Mess1 Na, to Hy-
Hippon the Ty= £27 "be Tyrant thereof. But Timoleon followed him, and beſieged the Ciry both by Sea and by Land,
rant of Mcſſina, Whereat #Tipport quaked for fear, and thought to fly by —_ of Ship, but he was taken ſtarting.
-And the MEsSINI1AaNs having him in their hands, made all the Childrea come from the
Hippon put to T0 the Theatre, to ſee one of the goodlieſt fights that they could deviſe : to wit, to ſee the Tyrait
death. puniſhed, who was openly whipped, and afterwards put to death, Now for Mamercus, be did
ield himſelf unto Trmoleon, to be judged: by the SyR a cus14ans, ſothat 7imoleon might not
his accuſer, 'So he was brought unto SYRAacusa , where he attempted to make an Oration '9
— —
the People, which he had premeditated long before. Bur ſeeing that the People cryed out and made
a. great noiſe, becauſe they would not hear him, and that there was no likelihood they _
pardo
TIMOLEO N.
— — —_— —
— OC CEE rr nr rr einen one
pardon him : he ran overthwart the Theatre, and knocked his head as hard as he could drive upon one
of thed whereon they ſare there to ſee their ſports, thinking to have daſhed our his brains, and
have rid himſelf ſuddenly out of his pain. But he was not happy to die ſo, for he was taken ſtraight
being yer alive, and pur to death as Thieves and Murderers are. . Thus did 7moleon root all T yrants Menerczs the
our of S1C1LE, and made anend of all Wars there. And whereas he found the whole Iile, wild; (a- 4 —_ put t9
vage, and hated of the natural Countrey men and inhabitants . of the ſame, for the extream calamities
miſeries they ſuffered, be brought ir to be ſo civil, and ſo much deſired of ſtrangers, that they came Timoteon qui-
far and near ro dwell there, where che natural inhabitants of the Countrey ſelf before, were glad to fly cteth all Sicile
and forſake it, ,, For AGRIGENTUM and GELA, two great Cities, did witneſs this, which after the
Wars of the AFHEN1 45, had: been utterly forſaken and deſtroyed by the CaxTHAG1NIANS, and
werethen inhabited again,: the'one, by MMegelixs and Pheriſtus, two Captains that came from Ex za;
and the other by garges who came from the Iſle of C80. And as near asthey could, they gathered
again together ancient Citizens and.inhabitants of the ſame : whom 7'imoleon did nor onely aſ-
ſure of peace and ſafery to. live there, to ſertle them quietly together : but willingly did help them be-
ſides, withall ocher; things neceſſary, to his uttermoſt mean and ability, for which they loved and ho-
noured him astheir Father and Founder. And this his good love and tavour was common alſo to all
other people of $1c 11s wharſoever. 'So that inall $S1c1LE there wasno truce taken in Wars, - nor
Laws eſtabliſhed, nor Lands divided, nor inſticution of any policy or government thought good or a-
vailable,-.if 75moleons device had not been in it, as chief direRor of ſuch matters: which gave him a
ſingular grace to be acceptable to the gods, and generally to be beloved of all men. For in thioſe days,
there were other famous men in GREECE, that did marvellous great things : amongſt whom were Timoleon com-
theſe, Timothens, Ageſilaus, Pelopides and Epaminondas : which Epaminondas, T imoleon ſought to pared _ the
follow in all things, as near as be could, above any of them all. Bur in all the ations of theſe other
eat Captains, their glory. was always mingled with violence, pain and labour :: ſo as ſome of them
{2 been touched with reproach, and other, wich repentance; Whereas contrariwiſe, in all Timo-
kons doings (that onely excepted which he was forced to do to his Brother) there was nothing bur they
might nr. he (as Timens ſaid) proclaim the ſaying of Sophocles : r227
... 202, * O mighty gods of heaven, what Venus ſtately dame, _
Ft Or Cupid, (God) bave thus yput, their hands unto the ſame ?
And like as Antimarhus verſes,and Dionyſins painting, both Co Lo yon ans, are full of finews
and ftsength, and yet at this preſenc we ſee they are things greatly laboured and made with much pain :
and that contrariwiſe in Nzchomachas tables, and Homers verſes, beſides the paſſing workmanſhip and
ſingular grace in them, a toan findeth art the firſt ſight, that they were eaſily made, and withour great
pain, Even ſo.in like manner, whoſoever will compare the painfull bloudy Wars and Battles of
Epaminondas and a__—_ with-the Wars of T:moleon, in the which beſides equity and juſtice, there
is alſo greateaſe: and quierneſs : he ſhall find, weighing things indifferently, that they have not been
Fortunes doings fimply, but thatthey came of a moſt noble and fortunate courage. Yer he himſelf r;moteon attrt-
doth wiſely impure it unto his good hap and favourable fortune, For in his Letters he wrote unto his bureth his
familiar friendsat Cor1NTH, and in ſome other Orations he made to the people of SYracusa,
he ſpake it many times, that he thanked the almighty gods, that it had pleaſed them to ſave and deliver
S$1C1Lt from bondage by his -means and ſervice, and to give him the honour and dignity of the
name, And having builded a Temple in his houſe, he dedicated it unto Fortune, and furthermore did
conſecrate his whole houſe unto her, For he dwelt ina houſe the SyRxacus1ans kept for him, and r;moteon dwel-
gave him in recompence of- the gy ſervice he had done them in the Wars, with a marvellous fair letb ill with
pleaſant houſe in the Countrey al
turned unto COR1NTH again, but ſent for his Wife and Children to come thither, and never dealt
afterwards with thoſe troubles that fell out amongſt the Gxsc 1a ws, neither did make himſelf to be
envied of the Citizens ( a miſchief that moſt Governours and Captains do fall into through their
unſatiable deſire of honour and authority) but lived all the reſt of his life after in $S1c1r, rejoy-
cing for the great good he had done, and ſpecially to ſee ſo many Cities and thouſands of people
0, where he kept moſt when he was at leiſure. For he never after re- the Syr«cuſians
happy by his means. Bur. becauſe it is an ordinary matter, and of neceſlity (as Simonides faith,) $imoniles fay-
that not onely all Larks have a tuft upon their heads, but alſo that in all Cities there be accuſers, ing.
where the people rule: there were two of thoſe at Sy xacusa; that continually made Orations
to the people, who did accuſe Timoleon, the one called Laphyſtis, and the other Demener xs. So
this Lephyſtizs appointing Timoleon a certain day to come and anſwer to his accuſation before
the people thinking to convince him : the Citizens began to muriny , and would not in any caſe Timolcons ac-
ſuffer the day of adjournment to take place, But T;moleon did pacifie them, declaring unto them that =
he had taken all the extream pains and labour he had done, and had paſſed ſo many dangers, becauſe
every Citizenand inhabitant of SYRAcusa, might frankly uſe the liberty of their Laws. And ano-
ther time-Demenetus, in open aſſembly of the people, reproving many things Timoleon did when he
was General : Timoleon anſwered never a word, but onely ſaid unto the people, that he chanked che
ods they had Frances hi the thing he had ſo requeſted of 'them in his prayers, which was, that
might once
ee the SYRAcus1ANs have full power and liberty to fay what they would. Now Timolcons
Timoleon inall mens opinion, had done the nobleſt aRs that ever Gxtc 1an Captain did in his time, great praiſe,
and had alone deſerved the fame and glory. of all the noble exploits, which the Rhetoricians with
all their eloquent Orations perſwaded the Gxzc1ans unto, in the open afſemblies, and _—_—
X 2
al TIMSTHX
—
Feafts and Plays of GREECE, out of the which Fortune delivered him ſafe and ſound before the troti-
made n___ proof -of his vali
ſhewed himfelf alſo 2 ju
yearsſpace : he beingnow grow
Timoleon in his This
age loſt his 518jury 7 but it was
_—_ by on him alſo,
which i Seems and littte
neth, thar during the
came a white
nour the $yra-
cuſans did Ti-
moleon being
blind,
hem, try
be burnt,
Demetrius one of the Heraulds that had the loudeſt voice, proclaimed-the Decree that was-ordained by
= _— the people, the effe&t whereof was this: The peopleof SyRracusa hath ordained, that-this preſent
= Syracuſans 299y of Timoleon CoRINTHIAN, the Son of T imodemws, ſhould be buried ar the charges of the
for the memo- Commonweal, unto the ſum of two hundred Minas, and hath honoured his memory with Plays and
ry of Timoleen. Games of Muſick, 'with running of Horſes, and with other exerciſes ofthe body, which ſhall be cele-
brated yearly, on the day of his death for evermore : and this, becauſe he did drive the 'Tyrants out of
S$1c11,for that he overcame the barbarous people, and becauſe he repleniſhed: many great Cities with
inhabitants again,which the Wars bad left deſolate and uninhabited, and laſtly, for that he had reſto-
Tomb buile in 7<4 the S1CTLIANS, again to their liberty, and to live after their own Laws. And afterwards, his
the Market- Tomb was built in the Market-place, abour the which a certain time after, they builded certain Clot-
place. ſters and Galleries to exerciſe the youth in, with exerciſe of cheir bodies ; and the place fo walled in,
was called Timoleontixm : and fo longas they did obſerve the Laws and civil policy he eftabliſhed 4-
mongſt rhem, they lived-long time'in great and continual proſperity. F
The: End of Timoleons Life.
Timoleons
THE
V———— WR —w— —
—
THE COMPARISON OF
PAULUS A MYLIUS with TIMOLEON,
\
«%E
<= Mi
j , / x, Y W
SS PEroule*
Wy oa NONP NR = «WRI)
LEED
——* LORIN | TSS AN
== & Ith theſe two men were ſuch as the os yy have deſcribed them to be : it
2 is certain, that comparing one with the , we ſhall find no great odds or dit-
BD. againſt the CARTHAGINIANS,
$7 the one of them conquered the Realm of Mac tpon, which he took from the
>= ſeventh King that reigned by ſucceſſion from the Father to the Son, ſince the time
G—_ 9” of the great Antigonys: and the other drave all the Tyrants out of S1c1LE, and
reſtoted the whole Ile and Cities therein, unto their former liberty. Unleſs ſome will alledge perhaps
that there was this difference between them, that e£mylins fought againſt King Perſeus, when he had
all his power whole and entire, and had fought with the Ro a xs many times before, and had the bet-
ter of them in all conflicts ; where Timoleon ſet upon Dionyſius, when he wasin greateſt deſpair, and
in mannet-urterly caſt away. On the contrary ſide, it may be objeRed for Timolesn, that he overcame
many Tyrants; and a mighty gredt Army of the CARTHAGINIANS, with 2 very ſmall number of
men, and yet men of all forts : not as eAmyliics with a great Army of well trained and expert Souldi-
ers in Wars, but with men gathered rogerher at adventure of all ſorts, being mercenary hitelings, and
men fighting for pay, look: people; and unruly in wars, that would do but what they liſted. For
where the goodly deeds are like, and the means unequal , there we muſt conteſs that the praiſe is due
unto the General. Both the one and the other kepr their hands clean from corruption, in the charge
which they took upon them, Bur it ſeemeth that Emylius came fo faſhioned and prepared, by the
good civil Law, and morall diſcipline of his Countrey : and that 7 +moleow came rawly thither, and
afterwards faſhioned himſelf ro be that he was. And this is to be proved : for that all the Romans in
that time were ſo civilly brought up, and exceeded all other in ſtraight keeping the Laws of their
Countrey, Where to the contrary, there was not one of the Captains of the GREc1ANns that came
then, ot werefent into $1c1LE, but fell ſtraight ro corruption, when he had pur his foot into $1c1-
LE, Dion onely excepted : and yet they had a certain ſuſpicion of bim, that he aſpired ro the King-
dom, and imagined in his head to ſtabliſh a certain Empire at Sy RAcus 4, like unto that of Lac zD&-
MON, Timex: the Hiſtoriograpber writeth, that the Sy RAcusa vs ſent Gilippus with ſhame back
agan into his Coontrey, for his unſatiable greedy coverouſnels, and for his great thefts and bribes ta-
ken in his charge, Divers other have alſo written the great treaſons and falſhoods Pharax SearTAN,
and Calippms ATHENIAN did commit, both of them ſeeking to make themſelves Lords of Sy Racus a,
and yet what men are they, and what means had they ro have ſuch a fooliſh vain hope and fancy in their
heads? conſidering that the one did follow and ſerve Dionyſoxe, alter ht was driven out of Sy RA cus:
and the other-al{o was but a privace Captain of a band of Footmen, of thoſe that came with Dion. Ti-
moleon in contrary manner was (ent to be General of the SyRAcusa ns, upon their great inſtance and
ſujr, And he-having no need to ſeek or hunt after it, but onely to keep the power and authority they
did willingly-pur inco his hands : ſo ſoon as he had deſtroyed and overthrown all ſuck as would un-
juſtly uſurpghe Government, he did immediately of his own good will, frankly reſign up his Office
and charge® And ſure, ſo isthis a notable thing to be commended, and eſteemed in Paulus /Amylins:
who having conquered ſo great and rich a Realm, he never encrealed his goods the yalue of one
farthing, neither did ſcenor handle any Money at all, alchough he was very liberal, and gave large-
ly unto others, 1 mean not inſpeaking this to upbraid or dere& Timoleon, for that be accepted
3 or
AE
] 22D ference berween them, For firſt of all, the Wats they made, have been againſt The compari-
£ great and famous Enemies : the one againſt the Ma c£DoN1ANs, and the other ſon of Timole-
both their ViRories very notable, For 9% 2nd Paulus
ſy _ for
c
ars.
The wonder-
full continency
: He” - . of /#mylius
a fair Houſe the SrRacusaxs gave him inthe City, and a goodly Mannor alſo in the Countrey : from bribes.
X
PELOPIDAS.
for in ſuch caſes there is no diſh in receiving, but yet it is greater honeſty to refuſe then to take.
Bur that vertue is moſt rare and ſingular, where we ſee they will receive nor take nothing, though
have juſtly deſerved it. And if it be ſo, that the body is ſtronger and betrer compounded, which =
abideth change of parching heat, and nipping cold : and that the mind is much more ſtronger and ſta.
ble, that ſwelleth not up with pride of proſperity, nor droopeth for ſorrow in adverfity, Then it ap-
thar” Amylins verve was ſo much- more perfe&, inthat he ſhewed himſelf of no leſs grave
conſtant a mind, in the patience he endured for his loſs and ſorrow happened unto bim, (loſing ar
ſta
ceederh Timo- one time in manner both his Children) then he bad done before, in all his Triumph and greateſt Feli.
city. Where T:imoleon to the contrary, having done a worthy a& againſt his Brother, could with no
nk ſuppreſs the grief and ſorrow he felt : but overcome with bitter grief and repentance, continy-
ed the ſpace of rwenty years together, and never durſt once onely ſhew his face again in the Market-
place, nor deal any more in matters of the Commonweal, -Truly, for a man ,to beware to do evil,
and to ſhun from evil, it is » Ye good and comely thing : ſa alſo to be ſorry, and afraid of every re-
proach, and ill opinion of the world, it ſhewetha ſimpleneſs of nature, anda good and well diſpoſed
mind, but no manly courage. _. | Eo
— FF f
—
- THE LIFE OF -
PELOPIDAS.
IFN
@I&470 the elder, anſwered certain on a time, that marvellouſly commended abold,
> a venturous, and deſperate man for the Wars : That there was great oddes, to e-
D/ ſteem manhood ſo much, and life ſo little. And ſurely it was _ ſpoken of
i069) him. Thereport goeth, that King Artigonns gave pay to a Souldier among 0-
= ther, dare rarinedymnd _ he had a naughty coy body. The
NS - = him one day, Whar he ailed to be ſo pale and Ni colwed? The
A Souldicr told him, he had a ſecret Diſeaſe upon him, that he might not tell him
OY with reverence. The po him ſay fo, commanded his Phyfitians and Sur-
geons to look to him, and if he were curable, thar ary gm heal him with all poſſible ſpeed : and fo
they did. Afrer the Souldier had his health again, he would venture no more ſo deſperately in the
wars, as he did before. Inſomuch as King eAntigonus ſelf prceiving his lackneſs in drawing back,
rebuked him, and ſaid unto him : That he wo to ſeeſo great a change and alteration in him.
The Souldier never ſhrinking at the matter, told him the troth plainly : Your ſelf, and ir pleaſe your
Majeſty, is cauſe of my cowardlineſs now, by healing of my Diſcaſe, that made my life loathſome
ro' me, Much like were a SYBarITans words, touching the life and manner of the Lacs-
PEMONIANS': That it was no marvell they had ſuch a defire to die in iffe Wars,
ſeeing they did it to rid themſelves of their troubles , and moſt miſerable and ftraight
ons of lite and 1j{e; - But we muſt not wonder th the SyBarITANS, being womaniſh men, altogether given
r6-pteaſure, did ſo think : chat thoſe men hated their lives, who feared nor death, for the defire Oe)
PELOPIDAS.
had to do good, and good willthey had to do their dury. Which was contrary in the Laczpsuo-
NIANS : for they wete of opihion, that to live and die willingly, was a yertue: -as theſe funeral Ver-
ſes do witneſs :' np agnnt SY | | WE. |
The dead which here do reſt, did not inlife efteem; ' os
, « That life or death were (of themſuelves)or good or-bad ro deem,
.. + But .evenus life did end; or death was brought to paſſ, ©
GT Sa life or death, was good or bad; ' thu their opinion was.
And indeed to fly deattfistio ({hame, fo it proceed not of z cowardly heart; neither to deſire death
is commendable, if it be'with hate and mee of life, This is the reaſon why Homer ſaith, the va- Wie: oh
lianteſt men arcever beft atrritd, when they coin to'bartle.'' The Law-makers among the Gxz c14Ns, ,j1 10, ee
do ever puniſh him'that caſts away his Target, but never him that caſteth away his Sword or Lance. him ha
For every mai muſt firſt think t6 defend himſelf, before he ſeek ro hurt his Enemy, and ſpecially ſuch eth away his
as have the whole ſtate of 'a Realm inrheir hatids, and be Generals of the field, For if the compari- 7'2*t-
ſon be true, that IphicFarts the A'THENTAN Captain made, that in an Army of men, the Light-horſe- yo—_ ron
men reſemble the harids, the men of Arms'the feer, the battle of foormen the ſtomach and breaſt, the Army fs
Captain, \the head of a mans body :* it ſeenierh then that che venturous Captain putting himſelf in dan-
ger without cauſe, is nor onely'careleſs of his own life, but alſo of all theirs whoſe lives depend upon
his ſafery. | And contratily, he being rarefull of his own perſon, cannot but be carefull of his Souldiers
that ſerve under'him,* Therefore Caficratidas a LactDamoNIAan Captain, and a worthy man o- A Lieutenant
therwiſe, did utiwiſely anſ\wer a Soothſayer that bad him take heed ro himlelf ; for the ſigns and tokens * n Arty
of the Sacrifices-did threaten his death. Sya&T 4, ſaid be, ſtandethnot upon one man alone, It is true, #11 «> So
that to fightby Sea of by Land, *man for man, Callicraridas was but one man of himſelf, but as himſelf
C aptain or Lieutenant General; hehad the whole powet and force of the Army in his perſon ; For he
was not aman Mlone, wheri ſo tmdhy mens lives were loſt with him. Now old Antigonns was of a
contrary mind * for he bein n_e ive bartle by Sea, about the" Iſle of AnDros, made a better
anſwer to onethit faid wnto him; his Enemies had more Ships than himſelf, For how many Ships then
doſ thowreckon my ſelf, faid he? Therein bedid wiſely. to make great account of the worthinels of a
General, ſpecially wheti it is joined” with hardineſs and experience : For the chiefeſt point of ſervice,
is ro ſave hind thrit ſaverh all other.” For when Chares on a time ſhewed the Araznians openly,
the fandry wourids and ctits he had received upon his body, and ;his Target alſo thruſt through with
many Pikes : 7iworhexs ſtraight ſaid unto him : Chares, 1am gar, of thy mind, For whea I did be- p;nuctheus ſays
fiege the City of Samos, 1 was'afhained to ſee a Dart thrown from the Walls, light hard by me, ing ;
for chat 1 ſhewed niy ſelta taſh young man, and more venturous than became a General of ſo great
anArmy. For when it-ftindeth tnuch upon the whole Army, and that it is neceſſary the General
thereof do pur hitnſelf in danger : then he ſhould pur himſelf forward, and occupy both hands and bo-
dy without reſpe&t; not regarding their words that ſay, A good and wiſe Captain ſhould die for age,
or at the leaſt, old. Bur there'is a ſmall honour ro be won by very good ſucceſs, and con-
trariwiſe much loſs and deftru&ion by great misforturie : no man of wiſdom or judgment would wiſh a
General to fight as a private Souldier, to hazard the loſs of a General. 1 thought good therefore to
make this Preface before the Lives of Pelopidas ahd of e Marcellus, both which were worthy men,
and died otherwiſe than hey ſhould; For they were both valiant Souldiers in the Field, and did both
of them honourtheir Countrey with famons ViRories, and ſpecially againſt great and dreadfull Ene.
mies, ''For the one was the firſt (as they ſay) that overthrew Hannibal, who was never overcome by
any «before, ' An the other alſo 6fercame the LaczDamoNIAns in battle, that ruled all Gxz cs Pelopidas and
atthat” rime both by Sea arid by Land. Yet'thiey both: careleſly loſt their lives, by venturing coo bold- Marcellus lot
ly, when thetr-Countrey ſtood in greateſt heed of ſuch men and Captains as they were, This is the _ their lives
cauſe why we following the'teſemblance that was between them, have compared their Lives rogether, j! ©29.9uck
Pelopidas; the Son of: Hippoclus,” came of one of thenobleſt houſes of the City of THzzt 5s, as Epa- Pelopidss ftock
minondas did.” He being brought up in great wealth, his Father left him Heir of all his Lands and and liberaliey.
Goods,” being'but a young'man. -So' he ſtraight ſhewed himſelf willing ro do good, with his Money,
torhofe that needed help, and were worthy : to let the world ſee, that his Money was not; his Mafter.
For as'Ariſtorle ſaith of theſe rich men, the moſt part of them do not uſe their Goods far extream co- Ariftotles (ay.
vetoulneſsz'other again'do abuſe them, as being given 'to overmuch pleaſures. So rich men become ing of rich men
ſlaves alltheir lifetime, ſome to plexſure, other ro profir. Now, all Pelopsdas other friends would be
— tohim, and take very thankfully his courteſie and liberality towards chem ; but Epaninon-
das never be brought to take any thing at his hands. Howbeit Pelopidas, ſelf followed Epami-
nondas manner; for he took a pride and pleaſure to go ſimply apparelled, to fare meanly, to labour
willingly, andto make Wars openly as he did. He was even ſuch another, as Euripides the Poet de-
{cribed'Capanexs'to be, when he ſaid of him ; 4
11-00 7: +46 wich _—— was, yer was he therewithall
3 4 9. 2 +» No wight that purchac'd worldly hate, ner inſolent at all.
.. For he would have beeri aſhamed, that the pooreſt man of the Ciry of THErES, ſhould have worn
meaner apparel" upon' his back thari himſelf, As for Epaminondas , his poverty was not dainty
t0-him, becauſe his Parems were eyer poor, and yet for all that be paſſed ir over more eaſily by
Rady: of Philoſophy, which b&gave himſelf unto, and for that from his yourh he liked co _ A
pare
PELOPIDAHS.
ſpare life without exceſs. Where Pelopidas matched in a noble houſe, and married higtily, and had
rwo Children by his Wife : neverrheleſs he had no mind to keep or encreaſe his Goods the more tor
char, but gave himſelf altogether to ſerve the Commonweal as long as he lived. By reaſon whereof
his wealth decayed, and bis beſt friends grew angry with him, telling him that be did not well to make
no more reckoning of a thing that was ſo neceſſary, as to have Govuds, And he anſwered them : Indeed
Petoidas Cay. IDEY Are neceſſary I doconfels, bur yet for ſuch a one as this poor, lame and blind man that ſtand-
_ an 6 Mi eth by. They both were alike born to all veriue, ſaving that Pelopidas took molt pleaſure in ex-
ceſfity of Mo- Erciſe of his body and ſtrength, and Epaminondas in the exerciſe of his wit and learning; So as the
ney. - paſtime each of chem rook when they were at leiſure was, that the one delighted to: wraſtle and to
hunt, and liked any kind of exerciſe of his body : and the other to hear, ro ſtudy, and always to
The perfet learn ſomething of Philoſophy. But among all the excellent gifts and good parts in either of them,
friendſhip be- -and that moſt wan them honour and eftimation in the world, they were onely commended, and
twixt Pelopidas ſingularly noted - of wiſe men, for the perfect love and friendſhip that was ever inviolably kept be-
and Epaminon- f : . ">
ia. eween them untill their deaths : having been joined rogether in ſo many Battles, Wars, charges
of Armies, and. otherwiſe 'in marters of State and Government. For it a man will conſider, ard
look into thedoings of Ariftides, Themiſtecles, and (imon, of Pericles, Nicias, and Alcibiade:,
how full of difſentions, envies and ſuſpitions they were one againſt another , in governing the
Commonweal : and again will conſider the love, honour and kindneſs, that continued always
berwvixt Pelopidas and Epaminondas : no doubt they will ſay theſe two are more worthy to be
called Brethren in War (as they ſay) and companions in government, than any of them we have
named before, whoſe care and ſtudy was always rather to overcome ane another, than to over-
come their Enemies , and the onely cauſe thereof was their Vertue, For their acts ſhewed they did
not ſeek glory, nor riches for themſelves ( the covetouſneſs whereof doth always breed quarrels
The true cauſe and enyy) but both of them from the beginning fell one in love with another, with a great kind-
of friendſhip. ef and eſtimation of themſelyes, ro ſee their Countrey flouriſh, and grow to great honour through
their ſervice, and in their time : and ſo they reckoned all the good exploits both of the one and the
other , that rended to that end, as their own. The moſt part of Writers think , this great and
earneſt love the 'one did bear to another, did grow firſt berween them in a journey they made to-
gether unto MANTINEA, to aid the LaczDaMoNIANS, that were at that time Confederates
of the THEBANns, For they being both ſer in battle ray, one hard by another among the Fuotmen,
againſt the ARCADIANS that ſtbotl before them ; it fortuned that the point of the battle of the
LACEDEMONHANS inthe which thity were, gave back, and many of them ran away. But they de-
rermining to die rather than'to fly, ſtood cloſe together, and fought with the Enenues that came upon
them, untill fuch time as Pelopidas being hurt in ſeven places before, fell down at the laſt upon a heap
of dead bodies, as well of their own Souldiers as of their Enemies, even one upon another. Then £pa-
minondas thinking he had been ſlain, ftept notwithſtanding: before him to defend his body and ar-
mour, and: he-alone fought againſt many, being willing to die rather than to forſake Pelopidas lying
amongſt che dead bodies : untill himſelf being thruſt into the breaſt with a Pike, and ſore cut on his
Azeſpolis King ®5 with a Sword, was even ready to give over, when Ageſipolss (King of the LaceDamoNnians)
a 744 pin. came with the other point of the battle in happy hour, who ſaved both their lives paſt all hope. Now
monians. after this Battle ; the LaczDzMoNIAans both in words and deeds did courteoully intreat the
THE BANS -as their friends and confederates. Notwithſtanding in truth they began to fear che
power and great tourage of that City, and ſpecially the faRion and aſſociates 1ſmenias and 4ndro-
clidas bad ſet up, whereof Pelopidas alſo was a companion ; becauſe they thought ic was popular,
and inclined much to defire liberry. Whereypon Archias, Leontidas, and Philip, all three great
wealthy men of the City of THz zEs, andmiſliking ro be equall with other Citizens, did perſwade
Phebidas, a Captain of the LaczpamoNnians, that going and coming through the Countrey
Caimes, the - Of BotOT1A with an Army, he would one day afſay to take the Caſtle of Ths zzs called Cav-
Caſtle of The* MEA, and driving thoſe our of the City that would refiſt him, he would pur the government of
bes taken by. the State into'the hands of a few of the Nobleſt perſons, who would be at the devozion . of the La-
os ng CEDAMONTIANS, and obey them in all things, Phebidas brought it to pals, and did work his feat
canernet® before the TuxBANs miſtruſted any thing, upon a holy day called Ts snorok1a, After he
Iſmenis death. bad won the Caſtle, he apprehended Jſmenias, and ſent him tro Lactpamno n ,. where ſhortly
Pelopidas, - ' after they put him to death, Pelopidas, Pherenicus, and Androclidas, with many others ſaved them-
Pherenicus, ſelves by fiying, and were baniſhed THz Bts by ſound of Trumpet. Epaminendas tarried ſtill in
—_— THEBES, and no man touched him, for they made ſmall account of him, becauſe he was altogerher gi-
from Thebes, Ven tO his book: and though his good will had ſerved him to have done ſome feat, his poverty
made him unable to do any thing. The LaczDamoNnians underſtanding of the taking of the
Caſtle, did Rraight put Phebidas out of his charge, and ſet a fine of a hundred thouſand Drachmes
upon his head : but yet they kept ſtill the Caſtle of Capmea in their hands with a great Garriſon.
All the other Cities and People of GrEtct did wonder much ar it, that they ſhould allow the fact,
and puniſh notwithſtanding the doer. So the THz na ws having loſt their ancient liberty, and
Archias and being made ſubjet by both theſe, Archias and Leontidas, ſo as all bope was taken from chem
Leontidas,Go- eyer 10 wind out of this tyranny, or at any time to overthrow it, ſeeing ir was maintained and de-
Gn - fended by the LacxDzmoniaNns, and that they could not poſſibly take from them all the ſeig-
the Laedems.. PIOTY and dominion they had throughout Grtrc, as well by Sca as by Land : Leontidas and his
nians, ſallowers. notwithſtanding, when they underſtood that they who were baniſhed from Tz 855,
werCc
'enemies, The ATHENIANS,
PELOPIDAS.
were very well received and entdrtzined 'of the people at AtHgx35-,"and miich'mate bf alfo by
the Nobility, they ſought ſecretly by.treaſon to have them killed. To do. this fear; they Tent
certain men unknown to ATHE Ns, who by treaſon 'ſkew- Androchidaz, howber they 'nilfed the
killing of the 'orher. Fulrchermore the Laczp4nonans wrote''to the 'ATHENTANnS , tha
they ſhould not receive'ſuch. as: were -batiiſhed from Tazzs, northirthey fhotlth frvour' theth,
but drive them out -of their City,”4s thoſe which-by their Allies were j 7 protlitiried common
ndtwithſtanding , men 'always- civilly given, ahd"inclined
in- nature to humanity, as beirig born, and bred op withall, and very 'deſfirous beſides" to trqui
tequite © -- |
the THE BANS. courtelie, who had ' been the ehicfeſt "means and "dotrs in reſtoring - gain the you km
EBANS 4 penians un-
any ſuch injury, ſeeing they' had' ſtablifhed a Law- and Decree, that if any AT##Nta'x pallitig to the Thevans,
popular ſtate and. govertiment 'at ATHENS : they would by ' no meatis "offer 'the T'
too and fro through the Countrey of BozoT ra, did bear arttior againſt ' the thitty Tyrams, thar
were Governors -and oppreſflors vf the Liberry of ATHzxs, there ſhould no 'Bor6Ttav ſeem
to ſee, or know any thing thereof, . In che mean' rime Pelopidas, though he were bf "the younger
ſort, did procure ſtill every one chat 'was' banifhed, to ſeek rhe liberty of his'Country; and open-
ly made an Oration to them all, declaring that it ' were not onely a'\cowardly-parr, $int alſo awic-
ked offence t0.'the gods, if they would ſuffer their Countr&y ro'remain ſo in'contirwal bon-
dage, and ftrangers to inhabit ic with a Garriſon, to'make- ehem fabje&t ro the-yoke : and chey'in
the mean time - ro be contented to ſave themſelves; to live delicatly and idly. #t' ArHens,' to
Rudy to do what hall pleaſe 'the ATHentans to command thett, *ahil:ro be afraid of the Ora-
rors, and thoſe which through eloquence can perfwade the coiriityxon' people © to '-do whit they
lit, Therefore he ,perſw ther that they ſhould hazard'all, being a-matrer '6f ſv/ great
weight , and rake example . of Thraſybulus noble cottage ind * hatdineſs'; who departing trom
TazBEs, did drive out the Tyrancs'that oppreſſed: ArHzns + andeven fo, we Udpirting 'frotn
Artazns, ſhould ſeek to deliver Tysnz s-atſobfwem bondage: *VWhth he Tllby theſe perfivali-
ons.drawn them Tt6-bis opinion, they ſecretly . tent ufito their friends that rertianed "RAI -in TH z-
35 , to ler. chem underſtand their mind. and derermination ©; -'who 'all tiked very well of their
purpoſe. Inſonych as Charox thar was. the chiefeſt. mat! among cert , Prodiiked to lend thei
his houſe x0 'afſamble in. Philidas aifo- found aweitis to 'be Secrettiry ro Philip Abd CAvcbias,
who were 'Goyernours and Captains of rhe Ciry at that time for the -LacthEno tans, E;
minondas on the other {ide rhaking no ſhew of any thing, had of long time-praRtifed ro ſtiryp
the courage of the young men of THEBEs, For when they were it any Games or exercifes bf
body, he would ever - procure therh to wreſtle with the Lacz5#%0'N1ans. And after he fa
them rejoice when they had caſt -rhem, and that they were the fironger : be would chide therh,
and. tell chem they might be-aſhamed, for lack- of courage to ſuffer the La ctDanmonians to
hold rheir noſes ro the grindftone; that were nothing like'to thera m ftrength. Now, the confe- CL.
cedamonians,
for the Liberty
derates appointed a day certain: to break the ive-of their prerenided *enterprize, and agreed that
Pherenicus, with other that were baniſhed , ſhould tarry at the Vilkge of TzxIa$S1un, and
Aniroclidas
ſlain,
Pelopidas ._.
counfel for the
liberty of the
Thebans.
that they ſhould ſend the valiameſt' and luftieſt young men before, to give the venture to encerthie of Thebes, *
City : adding this therewithall, thac if che Enemies fortuned to furptize chem, all the, orher of the
conſpiracy jointly together; ſhould be ready to grie order, that their Fathers, Mothers and Chil-
dren ſhould lack nothing neceſſary. for them, Prlopidas was the firſt man that offered himfelf to
undertake the enterprize : and after him elon, Damotlidas and Fheopompur, All three; men of the
greateſt houſes of Tut zts, who, laved marvelſonſly together; +nd*for-no reſpe& would ever of-
tend one anothet , al from rhe beginning there was ever 'tnitlation amony them for hotiotir
and glory, by. firiving who. ſhould exccetl ther” if Vertne #1d/valthreneſs. Now they were rwelve
of them, who taking leave of the reft, ſent a Fobr-p6ft before tb 'Charon, 10 advertiſe him 6
their coming, and 'chey themſelves wen on their joarney, caſting lirtle ſhort cloaks upon them, and
taking Hounds with therh, and Hunters ftaves iti theit- hatids; berauſe cheir encerprize ſhould nor
be miſtruſted by thoſe that mer chem on the way;' and | that thty fhould think them Hunters up
and down the - fields for theit pteaſure. So, when the meſferigets 'they ſent; carne to the City,
and had told Charor that they were coming, he never ſhrunk frbni his word, though the danger
towards was great , bur like a.ftout and honeſt man did abide* by his promiſe , and told
him they ſhould be moſt heartily welcome to his houſe. But anorher man calted F7ippoſthenidas
very honeſt thinvile, and one: thar loved his Conttrey ark the preſervation thered?. at 4 good
triend of thoſe alſo! that were baniſhed : fainting Rraight upon the ſudden report of theſe news,
his mind was'troubled, and his hearr failed him fo, as his noſe fell 4 bleeding , ro think upon
the greatneſs of the inſtant danger he was like to fall into, having never caft before with him-
ſelf, how oy this enterprize NE put all the Empire of the La czDvamoN1aNns in hazard
of utter deſtruQtion, and: lay a Plot beſides to overthrow all their Commonweal and State : by lay-
ing all. their hope upot 2 Nh baniſhed men, hardly' able ro wade through with their enterprize,
Whereupon' ſo foon' as he was come home, he ſecretly diſpatched a Meſſenger, one of his fa-
miliar friends, unto: «Aelon and Pelopidar, to will them they fhoufd defer their enterprize tor ber-
rer opportunity, and ſo to return back again to ATHENS. [(Viidon was the man he ſent of
this meſſage, who preſently went time to his houſe ; and taking his Horfe our of the ſtible, bad
his Wife ferch him the Bridle quickly. - The Bridle being not readityrobefonhd; the rold him, ſhe
had lens it out to one of their neighbours, Then they fel a chiding together about it , and at length
brake
Charon kept
promiſe with
danger of lite.
241
242 PELOPIDAS.
day chiding and -brawling w
y cauemg =
that errand,
been al
'Pelopidas com-
meta unro
ately: to the Governours, Then were they in 'doubt that
that they: were all-caft away, before they could make any proof
a Y, but ſtr oy
Pelopidas, ang, pray underſto
their hurt, they ſho en uſe his Son as
. the Confederates ſaw the good
Archias in a
Letter.
"OO — — - ——— OS <>
PELOPIDAS. 243
Ou —}_ —O——— _ ——_— ——— — —— — — — — ——
wards it fell out. So the Meſſenger was brought to eArchias that was drunk, and delivering him
the Letter, he ſaid unto him , Sir, he that ſendeth you this Letter, ſtraightly charged me to tell you,
that you ſhould preſently read the contents thereof , becauſe it is a matter of great importance,
eArchias laughing ſaid unto him ; Weighty matters ro morrow. So he took the Letter and put it Weick
up, and then fell again to his tale he had begun with Philidas, But ever after, the Grecians, x
made this a common Proverb among them, eighty matters to morrow. Now when the Con- proyerb,
ſpirators ſpied their time to go about their buſineſs, they divided themſelves in two companies :
Pelopidas and Damoclidas went with one company, to ſet upon Leontidas and Hypates, becauſe Pelopilas kill
dwelt near together : Charon and e Melon with the reſt went againſt eArchias and Philip, be- eth the Tyrant
ing diſguiſed in Womens apparell they had put upon their privy coates, and wearing garlands of
Pine apple and Fir-trees on their heads, they covered all their faces, So when they came to ſhew
themſelves at the Hall door where the banket was made, they that were in the Hall at the firſt
ſight, thinking they had been the Women they looked for, began to ſhout and make great noiſe
for joy. But when the Conſpirators caſt their eyes round about the Hall to know thole that were
at the Table, they drew out their Swords, and ſer upon eArchias and Philip overthwart the Table ;
then they ſhewed themſelves what they were. Then Phzlidas bad his gueſts he had bidden tothe
banket with them, that they ſhould not ſtir, for they ſhould have no hurt : ſo ſome of them fate ſtill,
bur the greateſt number of them would needs from the board, to defend their Governours. How-
beit becauſe they were drunk that they knew not what they did, they were ſoon (lain with
them. Now Pelopidas enterprize wasnot ſoeafte ; For they went againſt Leontidar, that was a ſo-
ber diſcreet man, and withall w__ of his hands: and they found he was gone to bed, his doors
were ſhut up, and they knocked long before any man cameto the door, Art the length one of his
men that heard them rap ſo hard, wich much ado came to open the door : but he had no ſooner
thruſt- back the bolt of the door, and began to open it, but they puſhed it from them with ſuch
a force upon him = that they laid him on the ground, and went ſtraight to his Maſters
Chamber, Leontidas hearing the noiſe of them that ran up to him in ſuch haſte, preſently miſtru-
ſted the matter : and leaping out of his bed, took his Sword in his hand, but did forget to put our
the Lamps that burned in his chamber all night , for if they had been out, they might eaſily have
hurt one another in the dark, . But the Lamps giving clear light in the Chamber, he went to the
Chamber door, and gave (ephiſodorus the firſt man that preſſed to enterupon him, ſucha blow
with his Sword, that he dropped down dead at his feet. Having ſlain the firſt man, he dealt with
the ſecond that came after him, and that was Pelopidas. The fight went hard between them two,
both for that the Chamber door was very ſtraight, as alſo for that {phiſodorxs body lying on the
ground, did choak the m_— in at the Chamber, Notwithſtanding, Pelopidas overcame him
in the end, and flew him ; and went from thence with his Company ſtraight ro Hypates houſe,
where they got in, as they did unto Leontidas houſe before. But Hypates knew prefently what ic
was, and thought to fave himſe]f in his neighbours houſes. Howbeit the Conſpirators followed
him ſo hard, chat they cut him off before he could recover their houſes. Then they gathered to-
gether, and joyned with e Helons company , and ſent immediately with all poſſible ſpeed to A-
THENS, tO the baniſhed ThzBANs there, and cryed through the City, Liberty, liberty, arming The Liberty of
thoſe Citizens that -came to them with the armour and ſpoils of their Enemies , that were hanged the Thebans
up in common vaults, and Armourers ſhops about Charoxs houſe, which they brake open, or cau- *eltored,
ſed to be opened by force, On the other fide , Epaminondas and Gorgidas, came to joyn with
them, with a company of young men and honeſt old men well appointed, whom they had ga-
thered together. tereupon the whole City was ſtraight in anuproar and tumult, and every houſe
was full of lights, one running to another to www the matter was. Nevertheleſs the peo-
ple did not yet aſſemble together, but every one being amazed, muſing at this ſtir, not underſtan-
ding the troth, ſtayed till day came on, that they might call a Council, But truly hereia me-
thinks the Captains of the Garriſon of the Laczpawonians were greatly in fault, that they
did not ſtir betimes, and ſet upon them incontinently : conſidering there was fifteen hundred Soul-
diers, befides a great number of Citizens that would have come , one after another to take their
parts, But the great noiſe - they beard made them afraid, and to ſee lights in every mans houſe, and
the people running up and down the ſtreets in great multitudes too' and fro : whereupon they
ſtirred not, -but onely kept them within the Caſtle of Capmza, The next morning by break of
day, came the other baniſhed Tyzzans from Arazns, very well armed, and all the people of
TazzEs drew together in Counſell. Thither did Epaminondas and Gorgidas bring Pelopidas and
his conſorts, and preſented them before the people , compaſſed abour with Prieſts and the pro-
felſed of the City, offering them Crowns to put upon their heads, and they prayed he aiſembly
of the Citizens, that they would help their godsand their Countrey. Allthe people chat were pre-
ſent when they ſaw them, aroſe up and ſtood on their feer, and with great ſhouts and clapping
of hands received them, as their ſaviours, that had delivered their Countrey trom bondage, and reſto-
red them again to Liberty : and thereupon before them all, even in the Market-place, by the whole
voice and conſent of the. people, they choſe Pelopidas, Melon and Charon, Governours and Captains
of Boz0T1a., Pelopidas then immediately made them beliege the Caſtle of Capt a about, with Pc!9pider re-
trenches and force of Wood, doing all he could poſſible to win it, and to expulſe the Lactp- _ _
MO NIANS, before any ſupply-or aid came to them from SearTa. So he did, and prevented by compoſt
it ſo ſaddenly, that.che Gariſon being departed out of the Caſtle by compoſition, as they returned on.
towards
— TEES Boom ereoo_ ——_ —— — ——— —— OO n———— A _ a ——— R
I TTESIIY NY
rowards LACEDEMO NIA, they found Cleombrorus King of SparTA in the Countrey of Mz-
GARA, coming towards them with a great Army to help them. Afterwards, of the three Cap-
rains which had charge of their Garriſon that lay at TyzBzs, the SpaxTANS condemned two
of them to death : Hermippidas and eArciſſu were preſently executed : and the third Captain,
Dyſaoridas, they ſer ſo grievous a Fine on his head, that he went out of P=LoPo NNtSus. This
enterprize being attempted, and executed with the like valiantneſs, and the ſame danger and troy-
ble, that Thraſibulus praiſe was , when he delivered ATraens from the ſlavery of the thirty
Governours and Tyrants ; and having the like fortune and happy end, the Gr tcia ns termed
it Couſin-german to Thraſibulus at, And indeed it were a hard marter to find two other ſuch,
beſides them two, that with ſo few men overcame their Enemies, being many mo in number than
themſelves, or that with ſo ſmall help did overcome thoſe that were of ſo great force, or that
performed their enterprize with their onely valiance and wiſdom, and were cauſe beſides of ſo
great bleſling and benefit ro their —_— as Pelopidas and Thraſibulus attempt was. But the
sreat change and alteration of the State afterwards, did make their as far more noble and fa-
retopidas o» mous. For the War that overthrew the majeſty of SrarTA, and that took away all the
verthrew the Sejpniory and rule of the LaczpamoNnians both by Sea and by Land, began the very ſame
—_— night, when Pelopidas himſelf making the twelfth perſon, and entring into a private houſe, ta-
"wn king neither City nor Caſtle, nor ſtrong hold (to tell truly by figurative ſpeech) did break and
cut in funder, the links and chains that linked ſtraight together, and ſtrengthened the Lac tvs.
MONIANS Whole Empire and Monarchy over all Gxzxztct : who untill that preſent time
were thought ſo' ſtrong , as no poſlibility could break or ſunder them. Now the Lactps-
MoNIANS fortuning afterwards to invade the Countrey of BozoT14 with a mighty Army,
the ATHENIANS trembling for fear of their great power, did utterly leave ro proteR them, and
renounced the League and alliance they had made before with them. And moreover they did ſtraight-
ly proſecute Law againſt thoſe, that were accuſed to take patt with the BozxoT1ANs : whereof
ſome of them were put to death, other were baniſhed from ATHazNs , and the reſt condemned
in great:ſums of Money, To be ſhort, every man ſaid the THz Bans were but undone, con-
ſidering they had no help, and were beloved beſides of none, At that preſent time it fell out
Pelopidas and Gorgidas were Generals over all BozoT14 for that year, who deviſing to throw
Pelopilss poli. 3 bone betwixt the ATHENIANS and the LACED&AMONIANS again, to make them ſquare, they
cy to make rhe Uſed this policy, There was a Captain of the Laczpamonians called Sphodrias, a valiant man,
Athenians fall but elſe of ſmall capacity , and vainly given, having a certain fond ambition and humour , per-
our withche wading himſelf he had done ſome notable good ſervice in his time, This Sphodrias was left in
Lacedemonians the City of THESPIEs, with a great band of Souldiers to receive and favour all the Bozo T1ans
that had a mind to revolt from the Tuzzans. Pelopidas of himſelf ſent a Merchant ( a ve-
ry friend of his) unto Sphodrias with a great ſum of Money from him, and certain perſwa-
ſions withall, which prevailed more than the Money, wiſhing him to attempt ſome greater mat-
ter, and to ſeek to win the haven of PiR&a; a thing ſoon won, if he came to aſſault it
on the ſudden, and the rather, for that the ATHznians miſtruſt nothing , neither keep watch
nor ward there, Moreover that be might afſure himſelf, nothing could be beter welcome to the
Lords of LaczD&moN14, then to make them Lords of the City of ATHENs alſo. And again, that
the THEBAaNns being atdeadly feud withthe ATHEN1ANns, for that they had betrayed and for-
ſaken them in their need, would not aid nor ſuccour them in any reſpet. Sphodrzas giving too
light ear to this vain perſwaſion, took the Souldiers he had with him, and marching away by
night entred the Realm of ATT1ca, and went on to the City of Ex.zus1N : but when he came thi-
ther, his Souldiers were afraid, and would go no further. So his purpoſe being diſcovered , he was
forced to return back to THESP1Es, having raiſed ſuch a War to the LACEDAMONIANS, as
tell out to be of no ſmall importance to them, nor eaſie to be pacified. For after that crime, the A-
THENIANS ſought League and amity again with the Thz BA Ns, anddid aid them very loving-
ly : and moreover, putting themſelves to Sea, they ſailed up and down, procuring and drawing
The Thebans £0 their League all ſuch as were willing to rebell againſt the LactDamoNIANS : and the Taz-
exerciſein BANS beſides, had. many pretty skirmiſhes with the LaczDamoNI1AaNs in the mean time, in
arms, their own Countrey of BotoT1 a. Ir istrue they came to no great Battles, but yet it was ſuch a
grear learning and continual training of them in martial diſcipline, as the THe Ba ws till encreal-
cd in courage and valiantneſs, and waxed ſtronger and better Souldiers, for by thoſe skirmiſhes
they grew not onely expert Souldiers, but waxed more skilfull in uſing their weapons, than before.
Antalcides As weread, that eAntalcidas SP ART AN aid one day to King eAgeſilas, coming home ſore hurt
ſaying roKing from BotoT1A : Surely the Tye Bans have given you a worthy reward, for teaching them to
Ageflaus. be Souldiers againſt their wills. Bur to ſay truly, eAgeſilaus was not their Maſter to teach them to
make Wars, bur they were the good and wiſe Leaders of the THz za Ns, who like good Woodmen
in chuſing their Game, could skilfully chuſe both time and place to give their :nemies Battle, and
make them retire again with ſafery, after they had been fleſhed, giving them a little raſte of the fruits
and commodity of Victory : but among them, Pelopidas was he that deſerved moſt honour. For
fince the firſt time they gave him charge of men of War, they never failed, but choſe him conti-
awally every year, either Captain of the holy Band, or Governour of Bozor 14 fo long as he
lived; ſo that Pelopidas onely did the moſt things in this War, The LaczD&monN1an s wereover-
. thrown in ſundry journies, that they were diſtreſſed by the Cities of PLaTzzs and of THzs-
PIES,
PELOPIDAS.
OOO > —
PIES , Where Phebydas himſelf ( that had before taken the Caſtle of Cavata ) was (lain a:
mong other, Another great Power-of theirs alſo was overthrown near to the City of Ta a-
GR4 , where Panthoidas Governour of the ſame, was alſo (lain, Now all theſe Viories, though
they much encouraged the hearts of the Conquerours , and made them hardy : yer did they not thereby
alrogether conquer the minds of the vanquiſhed. For the LaczDamONIans were not overcon.e
in any pitched Field, nor ſer Battell, where they had their whole Army together : bur they were light
Rodes, and Skirmiſhes properly laid of purpoſe,where ſometime flying, ſometime driving them again,
they bickered very oft, and pur them ro the worſt. Bur the Bartell of T:6yRAa, which was bur a
flouriſh and proof to the Journey of LzucTRES , wan Pelopidas great honour : for he had no
companion to challenge any part of his Glory and Victory, neither did he leave his Enemies any law-
full excuſe, to ſhadow or cover their overthrow. For he ſpied all occaſion he might poſlible , how
ro take the City of ORcHOMENE , that took part with the LactzpamoNiaNs, and had re-
ceived two Enſigns of Foormen of theirs to keep it. Pelopidas being advertiſed one day , that the
Gariſon of ORCHOMENE was gone abroad to make a rode into the C ountrey of the Lockipes,
hoping he ſhould find OxcnomeNe without Garifon , he marched thither with his holy Band,
and certain number of Horſemen, But when he drew near the City , he had intelligence there was
another Gariſon coming from Se ak a to ſupply the place of the Gariſon that was abroad : where-
upon he returned back again by the Ciry of TEGyRa , for he could have paſſed no other way, but
to have turned down by the foot of the Mountain, For all the Valley that lay between both ,
was drowned with overflowing of the River of MEL A s , whicheven from his very head carrierh
ever ſuch a breadth with ic , as it maketh the Mariſhes navigable , ſo as it is unpaſſable tor any ſhallow
it hath, Not far from theſe Mariſhes ftandeth the Temple of Apollo Tecixian, where was an
Oracle in old time , bur left off at-this day, and had never long continuance, but onely untill the time
of the Wars of the MEDEes , when Echecrates was Maſter and chief Prieſt there, And ſome hold
opinion , that Apollo was born there : for they call the next Mountain to it Dz10s, at the foot
whereof the Mariſhes of the River of MEezas do end, and behind the Temple are rwo goodly
Springs , from whence cometh great abundance of good {ſweet water : whereof the one of them is
called to this day the Palm, and the other the Olive. And ſome ſay alſo, that the goddeſs Latona
was not brought to bed berween two Trees , but between theſe two Springs. For Mount Proum
is hard by italſo, from whence the wild Bore came of a ſudden that flighted her. And the Tale that
is rold of the Serpent Pytho, and of the Giant Tytiz , do both confirm it , that «Apollo was born
in the ſame place. I paſs over many other conjectures —_— the ſame, for that we donot be-
leeve in our Countrey, that eApollo is among the number of thole , who from mortall men have been
tranſlated to immorrtall gods , as are Hercules and Bacchys , that through the excellency of their
vertue, did put off Mortality, and took immortality upon them : but we rather takehim for
one of thoſe that never had beginning nor generation., at the leaſt if thoſe things be to be credited,
which ſo many grave and ancient Writers have left in Writing to us,touching ſo great and holy things.
The ThzBANS returning back from ORCHOMENE , and the LactpamONni1ans on the
other ſide returning alſo from Locx1Ds both at one time, they fortuned both Armies to meer
about the City of T£GYRa. Now fo ſoon as the ThEBANs had diſcovered the Lactbe-
MONIANS palling the ſtraight , one of them ran ſuddenly to Pelopidas , and told him : Sir, we are
fallen into the hands of the LaczDamoNnians. Nay, are not they rather fallen into ours, an-
ſwered Pelopidas again? With theſe words he commanded his Horſemen that were in the Rereward,
to come before , and ſet upon them : and himſelf in the mean time put his Footmen immediately
into a pretty Squadron cloſe together , being in all not above three hundred men , hoping when he
ſhould come to give charge with his BatteN, he ſhould make a lane through the Enemies, though they
were the greater number. For the La czD.mONI1a Ns divided themſelves in two Companies,
and every Company , as Ephorx writeth , had five hundred men : and as Calsſtenes ſaid, ſeven hun-
dred. Polybixs and divers other Authours ſay , they were nine hundred men. So Theopowpws and
Gorgoleon , the Captain of the LaczpamoN1ans, luſtily marched againſt the' THeBANS :
and it fell out ſo, that the firſt Charge was given , where the Chieftains or Generals were of either
hide, with great fury on either part , ſo as both the Generals of the LaczpamONx1ans which
ſet upon Pelopidas together , were ſlain. They being lain, and all that were about them being et-
ther hurt or filled in the Field : the reſt of the Army was ſo amazed, that they divided in two, and
made a lane on either fide, for the ThtzA Ns to pals through them if they would. But when
they ſaw Pelopidas meant not to take the paſſage they offered him , and that he came on till with
1s men to ſet upon thoſe that were yet in Bartel ray, and ſlew all them that ſtood befoxe him : then
they turned tail , and took them to their legs. Howbeit the Tt Bans did not chaſe them far,
fearing the ORcHomenians who were not far from them, and the new Gariſon befides , thac
were come from La cED&MON not long before. And this was the cauſe they were content thar
they had overcome them by force , and had paſſed through their Army in deſpight of them, and
broken and overthrown them. So when he had ſet up marks of Triumph , and ſpoiled their ſlain
Enemies , they returned home again, glad men for their obtained Vitory. For in all the Wars
the LacED&MON1ANS ever made, as well with the GREc1a vs as with the barbarous Peo-
"45
The Viftory
of the Thevans
againlt the
Licedamonians
Pelopidas
Victory of the
Lacedemonians
atthe Bartel of
Tegyra.
Melas. fl.
L aton2 broughe
to bed between
two Springs,
called the
Palm and the
Olive.
Pelopilas Vi-
Cory.
ple alſo, there was never Chronicle mentioned at any time, that their Enemies being ſo few, did '
overcome them that were ſo many , nor that they were overcome alſo by any number equal] in
Batrell, Wereupon they grew ſo couragious and terrible , that no man durſt once abide _
Y or
PELOPIDAS.
What Enemies
are moſt ter-
rible and to be
feared.
The firſt in-
Ricurion of
the holy Band.
Men lovi |
rogerher, fghe
delperately a-
ainſt their
mies.
Jolaus love.
Platoes ſaying
of aloyer.
The goddeſs
Harmonia.
Cleombyotus
King of the
Lazedemonians
| for their onely Fame did ſo terrifie their Enemies that came to fight againſt them , that they thought
with no equall force to be able to perform as much as they bad done. But this Battell of Tz6y xx
was the firſt that made both them and the other Gxzc1ans know, that it was not the River of
EuxOTAs alone , nor the Valley that lieth between the Rivers of CNac1ON, andof Bazyce,
that breedeth the valiant and hardy fighting men : bur that it is in all places elſe , where they learn
young men to be aſhamed of diſhoneſt and vile things, and to venture their lives for honeſt cauſes,
tearing more diſhonourable reproach , then honourable danger. Theſe are the People moſt to be
feared , andare moſt terrible alſo to their Enemies. And tor the holy Band we mentioned before, it
is faid Gorgidas was the firſt eretor of the ſame. They were three hundred choſen men entertained
by the State, and they alwaies kept within the Caſtle. of Capmza , and the Band was called the
Towns Band : for at thattime , and ſpecially in that part of GREtcE , they called the Caſtles and
great Holds in Cities, the Towns. Other {ay it was a Band of Footmen that were in love one with
another. And therefore Pammenes pleaſant words are noted , ſaying , that Neſtor could not kill to
ſet an Army in Bartel ray, ſeeing he gave the GREc1ANs counfell , in the liades of Homer, that
they ſhould ſer them in Battell ray, every Countrey and Tribe by themſelves :
That by affeftions , force and links of kindly love :
The one might alwaies help at hand, that other do behove.
For , faid he ; one friend ſhould rather be ſer by another that loves together : becauſe in danger, men
commonly do little regard their Countreymen, or ſuch as areof their Tribe. But men that do loye
one another , can never be broken nor overcome ; for the paſſion of love that entertaineth each
others affeion , for affetions ſake , doth Keep them from forſaking one another. And thoſe thar
are beloved , being aſhamed to doany vile and diſhoneſt thing before thoſe that love them , for yery
love will ſtick one by another to the death. And ſure the reaſon is good if it be true that lovers dg
indeed more regard them they love, though they be abſent , then other that be preſent, As ap-
peareth by the example of him , that being ſtriken down-to the ground, his Enemy lifting up his
Sword to kill him, he prayed him he would give him his deaths wound before, leſt his friend that lo-
Hercules and ved him, ſeeing a wound on his back , ſhould be aſhamed of him. It is reported-alſo, that Jolaw
being beloved of Hercales, did help and accompany him in all his Labours and Quarrels. Where-
upon Ari/torle-writeth , that unto his time”, ſuch as loved heartily together , became ſworn Brethren
one to another , upon /olaxs Tomb. And therefore methinks it is likely , that this Band was firſt
called the holy Band, by the ſelf-ſame reaſon that Plato calleth a lover , a divine friend by Gods ap-
pointmment. 1t is written alſo , that this Band was never broken , nor overthrown before the Battell
- of CHERONEA, After that Battell , Ph:/ip raking view of the ſlain bodies, he ſtayed in that
place where the four hundred men of that Band lay dead on the ground, one hard by another ,
and all of them ſlain and thruſt through with Pikes on their breaſts, whereat he wondred much :
and being told him that it was the Lovers Band, he fell a weeping for pity , ſaying : Wo be tothem
that think theſe men did, or ſuffered any evil or diſhoneſt thing. And ro be ſhort, the misfortune of
Laius, that was ſlain by his own Brother O Edips , was not the firſt originall cauſe of this cuſtom ,
that the THEBANSs began to be in love one with another , as the Poets write : but they were
their firſt Law makers , who perceiving them to be a ſtout and fierce Nation on nature , they ſought
even from their youth to make them gentle and civil , and therefore in all their ations both of ſport
and earneft , they continually acquainted them with playing of the Flute, being highly eſteemed of
them in thoſe days. They brqught in the uſe alſo tro make love in the midft of their youtl-
full Sports and & xerciſes of their bodies, to frame the young mens manners, and to bring them to
a civil life, And therefore they had reaſon that gave the goddeſs Harmonia to the ThtzaANs,
for Defendor and Patroneſs of their City , who was begotten ( as they ſay ) between Xars and
Venus. For that giveth us to underſtand , that where force and warlike courage is joyned with
grace, to win and perſwade , all things by this union and accord are brought to. a goodly , pro-
table ,,and moſt perfe&t Government, Now, to return again to the matter of this holy Band
of the THEBANS , Gorgidas dividing it in the former Ranks, and placing it all along the Front
of the Battel| of the Footmen, it did not appear what they were able to do of themlelyes, for
that he brought them not all into one Body ; fo as thereby they might ſee what ſervice the whole
Company could do being together , conſidering that it was divided and mingled amongſt many other,
that were a great deal of leſs value then themielves, But Pelopidas that had made good proofe of
their valiantneſs before , when they fought about him of themſelves, without others by them , at
TEGYRAa : would never after divide nor ſeparate them one from the other , but keeping them
together as one entire Body that had all his Members, he would alwaies begin with them to give
a Charge in his moſt dangerous Battels. For, as we ſee in running of Coaches at Games , that
Horſes being tied all rogether in a Front , do run faſter and ſtronger then they do when they are
looſe, and put to it alone : and not for that they being many together , do break through the air
better , but for that the contention and envy between them to over-run one another , doth indeed
ſer their hearts\ and ſtomachs on fire, EvEn ſo be thought, that valiant men giving one anoiher
a deſire and envy to do well , ſhould have the more courage, and would be of greater force, whe
they fought one in anothers ſight, But the Laczpamonians afterwards being at peace
+ and league with all the other Gztc1ans , proclaimed open Wars againſt the THEBANS
onely : and King Cleombrots went to invade them with an Army of ten thouſand Footmen , and 3
thouſand Horſemen, Whereupon the Tyzz 4a ns were not onely in the like danger they ſtood in
before
%.
VC IrTEI— — _@_l——
CT —
PELOPIDAS. 24.7
before to loſe their liberry ; but the Laczpamonians did openly threaten they would utterly
deſtroy them for ever : ſo that all the Countrey of BozOT1a ſtood in greater fear then ever they
did befote, And one day as Pelopidas went out of his Houſe to go to the Wars, his Wite bringing
him to the doors to take her leave of him , weeping , ſhe prayed him heartily to look well to him-
ſelf. Bur he anſwered her again : My good Wife , it is for private Souldiers to be carefull of them- Pelopil:s
ſelves, but not for Captains : for they muſt have an eye to ſave others lives. And when he came to Princely Ari-
the Camp, he found the Captains and the Lieutenants of the Army , in ſundry opinions : and he
was the firſt that agreed with Epaminondas opinion , who thought it beſt they ſhould give Bartell to
the Enemies, Pelopidas at that time was neither Governour of BozOT1a , nor Generall of the
Army , but onely Captain of the holy Band : notwithſtanding they had great affiance in him, and
ave him great Authority in Counſell concerning their affairs : ſuch as became a man that had made
A good teſtimony of his naturall love and affeRtion to his Countrey , as he had done. Now being de-
termined in Counſell, that they ſhould give the Enemies Bartell , they all muſtered together in the
Valley of LeucTREs , where he had a Viſion in his Dream , that troobled him very much, In
that Valley there arethe Tombs of the Daughters of one Scedaſus , which by reaſon of the place,
they call the LeucTtRIDES , for that they were buried there, after they had been defiled and ra-
viſhed by certain Gueſts of the SparTANS that lay in their Houſe, travelling that way, This at
being ſo horrible and wicked , the poor Father of theſe detiled V irgins , could neither have juſtice nor
revenge of the Lac EDEMONIANS , and therefore after he had banned and cutſed the Lactbe-
MONIANS With moſt horrible and execrable railings and curſes as might be poſlible, he killed him-
ſelf upon the Graves of his Daughters. The LaczD&Mm0N1aNns had many ſundry Oracles, Pro- _ whe
phecies , and Signs of the gods gw warn them , to take heed of the wrath of the Lzuctxibss : n__ :
howbeit every man underſtood not the ſignification of this Prophecy , bur were deceived by the equi- Rice is denied;
vocation of the name. For there was a little Town in the Countrey of Lacona, ſtanding upon
the Sea fide, called Leuc trum : and in ARCADIA alſo by the City of MEGALIPOL1S, there
was another Town called by the ſame name, This misfortune chanced long | before the Battell of
LEUCTRES : but then Pelopidas dreaming in his Tent, thought he ſaw in a Viſion the Daughters
of Scedaſus weeping about their Graves, and curſing the La cED&mON1ANS : and that he ſaw
their Father alſo , commanding him to ſacrifice a red Maidento his Daughters, if they would obtain
the ViRtory. This commandment atthe firſt , ſeemed very cruel and wicked : whereupon when he ,,, .
aroſe , he went to the Prognoſticators, and Generals of the Army , and told them his Dream, So _P bas 4
ſome of them ſaid , this was no matter to be lightly paſſed over , but to be conſidered of, alledging Viſca ya OE
many examples in the like caſes, As of Menecixs the Son of Creon in old time, and of Macares Fields of Leu-
the Daughter of Hercules. And yet of latter memory, the wiſe Pherecydes, whom the Lactpa. cs.
MONIANS flew, and whoſe skin their Kings do keep at this day , by commandment of an Oracle.
And Leonidas, who following a Prophecy of the gods, did as it were ſacrifice himſelf, for the lafety
of Gxetcs. And furthermore, the young boys which Themsſtocles did ſacrifice to Bacchus 0-
meſtes (to ſay , cating raw fleſh ) before the Battell of SaLamina. And all theſe Sacrifices were
acceptable tothe gods, as the ViRories following did plainly ihew. 1n contrary manner alſo King
Ageſilans , coming from thoſe very places , from whence King Agamemnen came in the time of the Agefitaus
ars of TR014 , and going alſo againſt the ſame Enemies , dreamed one night in the City of Ay- Dream.
L1DE , he ſaw the goddeſs Diana, asking him his Daughter for Sacrifice. Bus he tenderly loving
her, would by no meansperform it : and thereupon was compelled to break off his Journey before
he had executed his Enterprize, and departed with ſmall honour. Other to the contrary ſtood to it
ſtoutly , and ſaid , it was not to be done. For , ſo cruell, abominable, and brutiſh a Sacrifice, could
not be acceptable to any of the gods, nor to any god, better or mightier then ours : conſidering that ©*9Y fayings
they beno impreſſions in the air, nor Glaze dariale the World , but the onely mighty = aer- Gas
nall God , Father of gods and men, And to beleeve that either gods or demi-gods do delight in mur-
der , or ſhedding of mans bloud , it is a meer mockery and folly. But admit it were ſo , they were
no more to be _ therein, then thoſe that have no power at all : for it is a manifeſt token of a
wicked ſpirit , when they have ſuch damnable horrible defires in them, and ſpecially if they abide
ſtill with them. Now the Generals and Heads of the Army of the Tyzzans being of ſun- Gods aronk:
dry opinions , and Pelopidas being more afraid then before , by reaſon of their diſagreement : a dence and luds
young Mare-colt, or Fly » breaking by chance from other Mares, running and flinging through den aid,
the Camp, came to ſtay right againſt them. Then every man began to look upon her, and to
mark what a fair Filly it was, and red coloured every where , and what a pride ſhe took with
her ſelf to hear her own neighing. T heocrstus then the Soothſayer being amongſt them, did .
behold her, and knew ſtraight what the Filly meant , and ſo cried out forthwith : © happy Pelops-
aas, lo here is the Sacrifice thou lookeſt for, ſeek no other Virgin for thy Sacrifice, but take
this that God himſelf doth ſend thee. When Theocritus had ſaid ſo, they took the Filly, and laid The Filly
her upon the Tomb of Scedeſus Daughters , and put Garlands of Flowers about her , as they han- i" 2nd
dled other Sacrifices ; and then after the Prayers made to the gods , they did ſacrifice her with great *"be%
joy , and told Pelopidas Viſion in his Dream the night before through all the Camp, and the Sacri-
tice they, had made alſo according to the ſignification thereof, Moreover when they came to joyn
Battelſh E paminondas being Generall, drew all his Army on the left hand, becauſe he would bring the
right Wing of the Enemies _ where they had placed the naturall SeakxTANSs ) further from
the other GRECIANS their Friends and Allies, that were ſer in the other Wing of their Battel] :
TS | that
24.8
PELOPIDAS.
The Bartcl at
Leufres.
The cauſe of
the overthrow
of che Laceda-
mMonians,
Pelopidas an1
Epaminondas
Victory at the
Batrel of
Leuftres.
Pelopidas and
Epaminondas
journey into
Peloponneſus,
being both
Governours of
Beona,
A penal Law
at Thebes, for
reſigning up
of Ofhces at
the years end.
Pelopidas and
Epaminondas
went over the
River of Eu-
rotas With 70
thouſand men,
that he coming with his whole Power together to give a Charge upon Cleombrot ws their King ( being
.in a corner by himſelf ) might be diſtreſſed or overthrown, The Enemies finding Pelopidas in-
tent , began to change their order , and baving men enough , meant to thruſt out their right Wing
at length ro compaſs in Epaminondas. But Pelopidas 1n the mean time ſuddenly prevented them ,
and running in great fury with his Squadron of three hundred men, he ſet upon Cleombrorxcs before
he could diſorder his men to put forth the right Wing, and joyn them rogether again. And ſo he
found the Lac:D&mONIANS not yet fetled in their Ranks, and brake them in. this diſaſter,
thruſting one in anothers place to put themſelves again in order : notwithſtanding the Laczp-
MONI1ANS of all other men were the _ Caprains and moſt expert Souldiers in Martiall Diſcipline,
as men ſo trained and praiſed , that no ſudden altering , of form or order in their Ranks , could
either trouble or diſorder'them, For they were men 1o trained , that they could turn head'or fide
upon any ſudden occaſion offered , and could fight and order themſelves in Battel] every way alike,
So Epaminond as going to give the onſet upon them alone , with the whole force of his Battell toge.
ther , not tarrying for others : and Pe/opidas alſo with an incredible courage and readineſs, preſenc.
ing himſelf in 'Battel] before chem , did put them into ſuch a terrible fear , that rhey clean forgor
their skill in fighting , and their wonted courage failed them. For they cowardly turned their backs,
and there were more La CEDAMONIANS {lain at that day , then ever were before in any for-
mer Battell, Pelopidas therefore , being neither Governour of Boz0T1A , nor General] of all the
Army, but onely Captain of the koly Band : did notwithſtanding win as much Honour and Glor
of this Vitory, as Epaminondas, that was Governour of Bot 0T14, and Generall of all the Army,
Indeed afterwards they were both Governours of Boz0T1Aa together, when they invaded the
Countrey of PELOPONNESUus : where they made moſt part of theCities and People rebell againſt
the LACEDEMONIANS , and take their part, as rhe EL1aNs, the ArGives, and all Ax-
CADIA , and the beſt part of LacoNn1a felt : notwithſtanding it was in the heart of Winter,
and in the ſhorteſt days of the year , and towards the latter end alſo of the laſt Moneth of their
years Authority and Rule , having: not many days to continue in Office, being forced to leave
their Authoriry , upon pain of death if they did retuſe, unto other Officers new. choſen , the begin-
ning of the next Moneth following. Whereupon their other companions , and Governours alſo of
the Countrey of BozoT 14 , what for fear to'incur the danger of the Law , as alſo to avoid the
trouble to lie in Camp in the ſharpeſt of Winter”: they did urge and perſwade them to bring the
Army-back again into their Countrey, But Pelopidas was the firſt that yeelded ro Epaminondy
opinion , and wan the other THEBANEs alſo to conſent unto it, to be contented to be led by
them, to give affault to the City ſelf of SyakTa. So, through their perſwaſions they paſſed
over the River of FuxOTas, and took many little Towns of the LaczpamoNIaNns, and
waſted anddeſtroyed all the Countrey to the Sea fide, leading under their Enfigns an Army of three-
ſcore and ten thouſand fighting men , and all Gxtcrans , the THEBANEs not making up the
twelfth part of them. Now, the honour and great reputation of theſe two perſons, Epaminondas
and -Pelopidas, brought their friends and confederates , that they followed them , wirhout any reſo-
lution of Counſel or publick order , and neyer opened their mouths againſt them , but willingly
marched under their conduction. And 'in my opinion , truly methinks it 1s the firſt and chiefeſt point
in-the Law of Nature , that he that is weak , not able to detend himſelf, ſhould lean ro one that is
ſtrong , and able to defend both. Even much like to freſh-water Souldiers , and raw Sea-men, that
lying at Sea in calm weather , and in ſafe Harbour, are as luſty and brag with the Maſters and
Boat-Swains as may be : bur ler a little ſtorm of weather. come upon them ſuddenly , and that
they be in any danger, then they look on the Maſters , hoping for” no life bur at their hands. 'And
ever in like manner the EL1awns and ArG1ves , who though in all Afemblies'of Counſell they
would ever jar and ftrive with the TyzzaNEs, for Honour and Superiority in the Army : yet
when any Battell came to be fought, wherein they ſaw there was danger, then their Peacocks bra-
very was ue , and they were'glad' to obey their Generalls commandment, In this Journey they
brought all che Cities of the Proyince of ARCADIA to be in Leagne with them , and rook all the
Countrey of MESSEN1A from the LacED&MONITANS, which they peaceably enjoyed : and
called home again all the ancient Inhabitants of rhe ſame, and reſtored them to their Countrey,
and repleniſhed the City of IT HOME. Then returning afterwards into their Countrey by the
:-»Ciry'of CENCHREES, they overthrew the ATHENIAN $ that came 'to trouble them, in entring
The ingrati- :
tude of the
Thebans to-
wards Pelopi-
das and Epa-
minondas
The Law Bou-
cation.
into the Straight of PzLoyPONNEsus, ſuppoſing to have ſtopped their paſſage. Thus was the
valiantneſs of theſe two worthy men greatly" commended and honouted of ' every body , for {o
many-notable Exploits and ViRtories as they" had 'won, and: their marvellous. good ſuccehs,
greatly wondered 'at, Bur as their Glory and renown increaſed abroad , {d.'did their Countrey-
niens malice and enyy increaſe againſt them at home : who had prepared fuch a welcome home tor
thei , as was ſo bad and vile for ſo honourable Service as they: had done. For Epaminondas and
Pelopidas both, at their return were accuſed of 'Treaſon. For there* was a ſpeciall Law at Tx-
BES , that commanded all ſuch as fhoyld happen to be Governours of BozO0T1A,, to refign their
Office -immediately to the new Officers ele&, at the beginning of the firſt Moneth of the year,
which in BozoT1A they call Bouca'trion';' and they had kept it four whole Moneths;@bove
their term appointed, in which time” chey had'done all that we have ſpoken of before, as £1 in
the Province of 'Mz $'s£ N14 - and of ARCADIA; 'as' alſo in the Countrey of La conta. Pelopi-
4s was the firſt of the two that was talled-in by Proceſs , therefore he* ſtood in the preater danger :
. , howbeit
PELOPIDAS. 249.
howbeit in the end , they were both diſcharged again. As for Epamnondas , he took his Accuſa-
tion and the attempt of his Enemies ( whereby they ſought ro have caſt them both away ) quietly Epaminendas
enough : judging, that patience to thoſe that deal in State and Government , is a great ſhew of patience,
force and magnanimity. But Pelopidas being of a hotter nature, and more cholerick , and ſer on be- Pelepidas cnm-
ſides by ſome of his friends , did take this occaſion to be revenged. Meneclidas the Orator was one demneth Me-
of thoſe that came into Charons houſe with Pelopidas and Melon : but notwithſtanding the Tr z- naclifas a ſedi-
BAN 5s did nothing honour him, as they did the reſt, He taking this ill at their hands, being mar- cv Orator
vellous eloquent of ſpeech , but vicioully given otherwaies , and aman of a vile and miſchievous na- *"* **&vkr.
ture ; did tondly abuſe his Eloquence , falſly accuſing thoſe that were his betters , in honeſty and cre-
dir. And not being contented with this firſt accuſation, he praiſed ſo commonly , that he put £-
paminondas one year from being Governour of BozoT14 , which he ſued for : and moreover,
he was ever againſt him in all matters of State he took in hand. But he could never bring Pelop:-
das out of favour with the People : and therefore he ſought to make debate berwixt him and Charon.
For it is the common trick of all ſpightfull perſons , who when they cannot be thought ſo honeſt 71. prac:
men, as thoſe whom they envy , to go about to prove that they are not ſo honeſt and meet men , as of ſpightfull
thoſe whom they prefer and commend. So, in all his Orations he made to the People, he continu- men.
ally extolled and commended Charons noble Acts and Victories, and ſpecially that Viory above
other , which the THE BANs won before the Journey of LeucTtREs, in a Skirmiſh of Horſe-
men, that was before the City of PLatErts, he having charge of the ſame : of the which he
would leave his memory. Andreclides a Cy z1CENIAN and Painter, was at a price with the -
THEBANS to paint them ſome other Battel in a Table , and hedid «draw this Work in the City —_ —_
ſelf of THEzEs : but as he was in band withall, the rebellion of the THzzas fell our againit paar» ara
the LacED&MONIANS, and War followed on the neck of that, whereupon the Painter tor- their Bartels.
ſook THEBESs , leaving his Work in a manner done and perfect, The Taxtzans kept this
Table by them, and this < Heneclidas moved the People they would hang it up in ſome Temple of pub-
lick place, withan Inſcription upon it, ſaying thus : This was Charons Victory ; of purpoſe to de-
face and obſcure the Glory of Pelopidas and of Epaminondas. Too vain and fond was hisambition,
to ſer before ſo many noble Battels and ViRtories , one ſimple overthrow of Charon , in the which
Gerandas, one of the meaneſt Gentlemen of all SeaxT a was lain, and forty other with him:
and this was all he did. Pelopidas miſliked eAHeneclidas motion , maintaining that it was directly
againſt the Laws of Txt ts , which did expreſly forbid , that no private perſon ſhould be honou-
red with the Title of common Victory , but willed the Glory thereof ſhould be attributed to all the
People generally. Indeed Pelopidas in his Orations did greatly praiſe and commend Charon, not-
withſtanding he made open proof, how Aeneclidas was an envious and ſpightfull detractor , and
a naughty wicked may, oftentimes asking the THEBANS , it they themſelves were worthy of
no honour? ſo as in the end he cauſed Aeneclidas to be condemned in a great ſum of Money.
But he finding himſelf unable to pay it, being ſo great a ſum, practiſed afterwards to alter
the whole State and Government. 1 thought good to dilate this at large , becauſe methinks it doth
ſomewhat declare Pelopidas nature and manners , what they were, Now about that time Alexander 41jex,ute, je
the Tyrant of PHERES , was at open Wars with many People of THESSALY, and did uſe all Tyrant of
policy he could, to bring them all to his obedience. Whereupon the free Cities ſent their Ambaſſa- Pheres.
dours unto THEBES, to pray them to ſend them a Captain with an Army to aid them. Then
Pelopidas ſeeing Epaminoxdas occupied about the Wars of P:xLopONNEsSUs , did offer himſelf
to the THESSALIAN Ambafſadours, being loth to drown his experience and ſufficiency in Wars,
with unprofitable and tedious idleneſs, knowing that in thoſe parts where Epaminondas lay,
there needed no other Captain. Now when he came with his Army into THESSALY , the City
of Lariss A yeelded preſently unto him : where the Tyrant Alexander camie to meet with
him, and to pray him to treat a Peace betwixt him and the ThESSALIANS. Pelopidas at-
tempting to bring it to pals , ſeeking inſtead of a Tyrant to make him a gentle , juſt, and lawfull,
Governour of THESSALY. But when he ſaw no perſwafions could take place with the Tyrant ,
and that he grew more ſtubborn and untractable, and would not hear reaſon : and moreover ,
that he heard many grievous complaints of his great cruelties , and how they accuſed him to be a
marvellous diffolute and unruly perſon in all his doings, and extreamly covetous beſides : then
he began' to. ſpeak roundly to him , and to handle them roughly. But the Tyrant thereupon
ſtole away ſecretly from him , and fled with his Guard and Souldiers about him. So Pelopidas lea-
ving the THESSALIANS out of all fear and danger of the Tyrant , and furthermore in good
peace and amity one with the other, he went into MActDoN : where Prolomy made War at
that time with Alexander , being King of Mac DON , they both having ſent for him to hear and
determine the quarrel betwixt them , and ſo to help him that had the right , againſt him that did
the wrong. So when he came thither , he pacified them both, and reftored the baniſhed men of
either {ide , to their Lands and Goods again. For affurance of Peace , he took the Kings Brother Philip of xacz-
in Hoſtage , whoſe name was Philip , and thirty other Children of the Nobleſt mens Sons of Ma- on delivered
CEDON , whom he brought away with him to THrzBES , toler the GrEcIANS ſee, that the Re- —— "
putation of the Thtz a ns Power ſtretched far, and the Renown alſo of their manner of Govern- © Hs
ment and Juſtice. Ir is the ſame Philip, that made War afterwards with the Gxtc1aNs, to take
their Liberty from them, howbeit being but a Boy at that time, he was brought up at THEezEs in
Pammenes houſe, And this is the cauſe , why ſome thought Philip did follow Epaminondas manner :
Y-3 and
Lariſa a City.
PELOPIDAS.
-*T— ———— — _—
— — — ——
and it might be peradventure , he did learn of him to be quick and ready in the Wars, which was
indeed bur a piece of £paminondas vertue. Burt as for the continency , juſtice, magnanimity , and
clemency , which were the ſpeciall points that made Epaminonaa of great fame : Philip could nei-
ther by nature , education , or ſtudy , ever attain unto. The THESSALIANS having ſent after-
wards to THEBES, to complain of Alexander the Tyrant of PxtRts, that did again moleft
and trouble the free Cities of THEs Ss ALY , Pelopidas was ſent thither Ambafſadour with Iſmenias,
carrying no Power with him from THEBES, little thinking he ſhould have needed ro have made
Wars : whereupon he was compelled to take men of the Countrey ſelf , upon the inſtant neceſſiry
offered. Ar the very ſame time alſo , all MaczpoN was up in Arms : for Prolomy had ſlain the
King, and uſurped the Kingdom , and the ſervants and friends of the dead King called upon Pelopidas
for aid , who deſiring tocome even upon the fat , and having brought no men of War our of his
own Countrey with him , did preſently leavy certain men where he was , and ſo marched forward
with rhem againſt Prolomwy. Now Prolomy when both their Powers mer , did corrupt the Souldiers
Pelopidas had brought , with Money to take his part. But notwithſtanding this policy he had practi-
ſed, yet he was afraid of the Name onely, and greatneſs of Pelopidas Reputation : wherefore he went
unto Pelopidas , as to a better man then himſelt, and making marvellous much of him, and intreat-
ing of him, he made promiſe, and bound it by Oath, that he would keep the Realm for the Bre-
thren of the dead King, and that he would take all thoſe for his friends or Enemies, whom the Ta x-
BANS did either love or hate. As for aſſurance of his promiſe , he gave him his Son Philoxe-
5 in hoſtage, and fifty other of his friends, all the which —_— ſent unto THEBEsS, Butin
the mean time , being marvellouſly offended with the Treaſon of the Souldiers againſt him , under-
ſtanding the moſt part of their Goods , their Wives and Children, were in the City of PHagrsar,
he thought if he could win that, it were a marvellous good way for him to be revenged of the trea-
chery of the Souldiers againſt him : whereupon he leavied certain THesSALIans, and went to
that City. Pelopidas was no ſooner come thither , but eAtexander the Tyrant arrived alſo with his
Army. Pelopidas ſuppoſing he had come to juftifie himſelf, clearing the complaints of the Taz s-
SALIANS made againſt him : went to him , though he knew him to be a very wicked man, and one
that delighted in murder and ſhedding of bloud. Nevertheleſs , he hoped he durſt not have attem-
pted any thing againft him, for the Authority and Seigniories ſake of THz ts , by whom he was
Pelopidastaken {ent thicher, asalſo for his own Reputation. But the Tyrant ſeeing him ſlenderly accompanied, and
Priſoner by
without Train of Souldiers , took him Priſoner, and wan the City of PHARSALE at that pre-
the Tyrant A- ſent time, But this a& of his put his Subjects in a great fear, who ſeeing him commit ſo ſhamefull
lexander at
Pharſale.
Pelopidas
{toutnels,
a deed apainft all equity , did think ſtraight he meant to ſpareno man, but would uſe men, and all
things elfe that came in his hands, like a deſperate man, and one that reckoned himſelf caſt away,
But when the TyzBans underſtood this news, they were marvellous ſorry , and ſtraight ſent an
Army thither , appointing other Captains then Zpaminondas : becauſe then they had ſome miſliking
of him. Alexander the Tyrant having brought Pelopidas in the mean time tro Pats, did ſuffer
any man that would at the firſt to come to ſee hum, and ſpeak with him : ſuppoſing his impriſonment
had killed his heart, and had made him very humble. But when he was told the contrary , how Pe-
lopidas did comfort the Citizens of PHEREs , and willed them to be of good chear, telling them the
hour was now come , that the Tyrant ſhould ſmart for all the miſchiefs he had done : and that he
ſent him word to his face , he had no reaſon to hang and pur his poor Citizens daily to death as he
did, with ſundry kinds of cruell torments , who had in nothing offended him , and did let him alone,
knowing that if ever he got out of his hands, he would be revenged of him. The Tyrant wondring
at this great ſtomack of his, and at his marvellous conſtancy , fearing nothing : asked what he meant
ro long for haſty death? Pelopidas being told what he faid, anſwered him again ; Marry, ſaid he, be-
cauſe rhou ſhouldft diethe ſooner, being more odious to the gods and men, then yet thou art. Af-
ter this anſwer, the Tyrant would never ſuffer any man to come and ſpeak with him again. But
Thebe the Wiſe Thebe , that was the Daughter of the Tyrant 7aſor deceaſed , and Wife at that time of Alexander
of Alexander, the Tyrant , hearing report of Pelopidas noble mind and courage by his Keepers : ſhe had a mar-
the Tyrant,
vellous deſire to ſee him, and to ſpeak with him. But when ſhe came to ſee him , like a Woman ſhe
could not at the firft diſcern the grearnefs of his noble heart , and excelent hidden vertue , finding
him in ſuch miſery ; yer conjeQtuzing by exterior ſhew , noting his ſimple Apparell, his hairs
and beard grown very long , and how poorly he was ſerved , and worſe entertained : ſhe thought
with her elf his caſe was to be pitied, and that he was in no ſtate meet for the glory of his
Name, wherewith ſhe fell a weeping for compaſſion. Pelopidas, that knew not what Fhe was, be-
gan to muſe at the firſt , but when it was told him ſhe was Jaſons Daughter , then he courteoully {a
luted her tor her Father Faſons ſake, who while he lived was his very good friend. So Thebe ſaid unto
him : My Lord Pelopidas, I piry thy poor Lady and Wife, Truly 1o do I pity thee, quoth Pelopida
again to her : that thou being no Priſoner, canſt abide ſuch a wicked Alexander. This anſwer tickled
Thebe at the heart , who with great impatience did bear the 'cruelry , violence , and villany of the
Tyrant her Husband 7 that befides all other infamous as of his deteftable life, committed Sodomy
with her youngeſt Brother. So ſhe oft viſiting Pelopidas , and boldly making her moan to him, tel-
ling him cloſely all the injuries her Husband offered her : through Pelopidas talk with her , by little
and little (he grew to abhor him, and to conceivea hate in heart againſt him, deſiring revenge on him.
Bur now the Captains of the THEBANS that were ſent to deliver Pelopidas , being entred into
THz $SALY with their Army : whether it was through default of ignorance , or their miſhap : oy
returne
— M4
PELOPIDAS. "I
« ”. > TI In rn ern ee ee
returned home with ſhame , and did nothing, Whereupon the THzBAaNts at their return home
condemned them every man in the ſum of ten thouſand Drachmes , and ſent E paminondas thuher
again with another Army : at whoſe coming, all THesSALy roſe incontinently for the reputation Fpaminondas
ot ſo great a Captain. And his fortune was io good , that he had in a manner utterly overthrown tent into Theſ-
the whole State of the Tyrant : his friends and Captains were ſo much afraid, and his SubjeRts on the /« with an
other ſide ſo well diſpoſed to rebell , and marvellous glad for the hope they had, quickly to ſee the Ty- Army,
rant have his deſerved hire, for all his former wicked deeds he had commutted. Notwithſtanding, E-
paminondas preierring the delivery and ſafety of Pelopidas, before the conſideration of his own Ho-
nour and Glory , and fearing leſt Alexander iceing himſelf in danger to beturned our of all he had,
falling into deſpair like a bedlem Beaſt , would bend all his deſperation and fury againſt Pelopidas -
he drew theſe Wars out in length , compalling him round about , but nor fiercely ſetting upon him,
with colour to prepare his way the better by delaying ſtill, thereby to ſoften the cruel mind of this
Tyrant , going on in this gentle ſort , and partly to cut his comb and extream pride , bur ſpecially
to preſerve Pelopidas from the danger and cruelty of his beaſtly rage. For he knew right well he was
a cruel man, and one that never regarded reaſon, nor juſtice in any ſort, conſidering how he niade
ſome men ro be buried alive , and others to be put in the skins of Bears and wild Bores, and then to The brutih
ſer Hounds upon them to tear them in pieces, or elſe himſelf for his paſtime would kill them , with cruelty of A-
ſhooting or throwing of Darts at them, And in the Cities of MEL1Bta and of Scortus a , both /-xnder the
of them being in league and friendſhip with him , he ſpying time one day when the Citizens were af. 1Y****
ſembled in Council rogether , ſuddenly compatſed them in with his Guard and Souldiers, and put
them every one to the Sword , eventhe little Children, And he conſecrated the Dart alſo wherewith
he had (lain his own Uncle Polyphroz, and baving put Garlands uponit, he did ſacrifice ro it, as to *
a god , and called it Tychon , as one would ſay , happy killer. And another time being in a Theatre,
where the Tragedy of Troades in Exripides was played , he went out of the Theatre, and ſent word
to the Players notwithſtanding, that they ihould go on with their Play , as if he had been till among
them : ſaying that he came not away for any miſliking he had of them or of the Play , but becauſe he
was aſhamed his People ſhould ſee him weep , to ſee the miſeries of Hecuba and Andromacha played ,
and that they never ſaw him pity the death of any one man, of ſo many of the Citizens as he had cau-
ſed ro be ſlain, The guilry conſcience therefore of this cruel and Heathen Tyrant , did make him
tremble at the onely name and reputation of Epaminondas : and asthe common Proverb faith :
He let bus wings down fall , not much unlikg the (ock,,
Which doth refuſe the pit prepar'd, and liſt not bide the ſhock.,
So he ſent ſtraight unto Epaminondas to excuſe himſelf, But Epaminondas would inno wiſe ſuffer
the THEBANS , through his means , to make League with ſuch an Helhound : onely he yeelded
to abſtinence of Arms for thirty days , upon delivery of Pelopidas and 1ſmenias into his bands, with Ep:minondas
whom he ſtraight returned into TH: ys, Now the THE BANs being advertiſed that the La. 4livered Pelo-
CEDAMONIANS and the ATHENIANs did ſend Ambaſſadours to Artaxerxes the mighty King Eg; _
of PERSIA, to make League with him ; they ſent to him Pelopidas for them alſo, being wiſely con- "4rraxerxes
ſidered of them to ſend a man of ſuch Fame and Reputation, For Pelopidas pailing firſt through King of Perſia,
Countries ſubje& to the King of Pzr $14 , his Fame was ſuch where he came, that the Peoples talk P<{opidas ſent
was onely of him. For the report of the famous Battels he had won of the Laczpamox1ans , — p
was not onely carried into the next Regions and Countreys of AS1A : bur fince the firſt news of the Perf, ks
Journey of LEucTREs was brought thither , Pelopidas having after that won Victory upon Vi-
ory, his eſtimation grew ſo great , as it was blown abroad through the World , events the higheſt
and turtheſt parts of the Eaſt Countreys. And when he came to the King of PxRs14's Court ,
the Princes, great Lords, and Captains of PzRs1a that ſaw him, had him in great admiration,
laying : Lo Tis is he that conquered the LactDamoNIANS, and took all their Seigniory and
Authority from them , both by Sea and by Land, and drave the SrarTAaNs beyond the River of
EuxoTAS, and from Mount TauGtTum, who not long before made Wars with the grear
King of PzRs1A, being led under their King Ageſslaxs, even ia the midſt of As14 , for the Realms
of Suss , andof ECBATANE, So King Arraxerxes ſelf was very glad of bis coming , and prai- P*lopidess =
ſed him above them all , and made his eſtimation greater then it was before , by his great and honoura- py __
ble entertaining of him, meaning thereby to return the honour to himſelf again : becauſe men - perſc _
ſhould think that the moſt famous men of the World came to honour him , and to ſee his Court , as
eſtceming both him and his greatneſs, the onely happineſs of the World. Bur when be had ſeen
his face, and heard bim ſpeak , and perceived that his words were much greater then the ATHEN1-
ANS , andplainer then the LaczD&moNIANS : he then was further in love with him then before,
and without diſguiſing, be did honour and favour him above all the other Ambaſſadours, who found
that he made more eſtimation of him , then of them all. Notwithſtanding, he ſeemed to bear grea-
ter good will unto Antalcidas LACEDAMONIAN, then to any other of the GREC1aNs : for
that one day being at the Table , he took a Garland of Flowers from his own head , and waſhed ir
in perfuming water , and ſent it unto him. Indeed he did not uſe Pe/opidas with that open familiarity,
yerdid he fend him the goodlieſt and richeſt Preſents be could deviſe , and granted him beſides all his
requeſts he made unto him ; which were, that all the People of Gxttct thould be free : that the
City and Countrey of Mes$s1NA ihould be inhabited again : and that the Citizens of THz zEs
by their Succeſſours ſhoyld be taken, as ancient friends and Allies of the Kings of PER&S1a. So
when he had received theſe Anſwers , he returned. home again, and would by no means accept any
of
252
PELOPIDAS.
of the great Preſents the King had offered him : which cauſed the other Ambaſſadours of the Gxr.
Pelopidas refu- c1ANxs tobe ſo ill welcome home to their Cities, For among other , T:magoras was accuſed to the
ſeth the great
oifrs of King
Artaxerxes.
TimagorasAm-
ATHENIANS, and condemned to die, and was executed : which if they did in reſpec of the great
Preſents he had taken of the King , truly they had reaſon, and it was worthily done of them. For he
rook not onely Gold and Silver enough , as much as they would give him : but received a very rich
baffadour for Bed alſo, and Pzxs1an Chamberlains to make and dreſs It-up, aS if no GRECIAN Servants
the Athenians, of his could have ſerved that turn. Moreover, he received fourſcore milch Kine to the Pail , and
put to deat
for taking
great pifs of
the King of
Perſia.
Pelopidas ſe-
cond Journey
againſt the
Tyrant Alex-
ander of Phc-
res.
The Eclipſe of
the Sun made
"the Thebans
afraid,
Battel given
by the People
of Thebes, unto
"the Tyrant A-
lexander.
Neatheards to keep them , having need of Cowes Milke belike , to heal a Diſeaſe that fell upon
him : and would needs be carried in a Litter upon mens arms from the Kings Court , unto the Me-
diterraneum Sea , the King rewarded them for their pains that carried him , with four Talents, Yet
it ſeemed the Gifts he took did not offend the ATHEN1Aans ſo much, conſidering that Epicrates
( a Drudge or Tankerd-bearer ) did not-onely confeſs before the People , how he had taken Gifts of
the King of PER $14 : bur ſaid furthermore, that he would have a Law made , that in ſtead of the
nine Officers they did yearly chooſeto rule the whole City , they ſhould chooſe nine of the pooreſt
and meaneſt Citizens , and ſend them Ambaſſadours unto the King of Pzr $14 that they might re-
turn home rich men with Gifts. The People laughed to hear him, but yer were they very angry
the THEBANS had obtained all that they had demanded : and conſidering that Pelopidas eſtima-
tion and worthineſs did more prevail and take better effect , then all the Orations the other could
make , and ſpecially to a Prince that ſought always to entertain thoſe Gre c1aNns, which were
of greateſt force and power in the Wars, This Ambaſlage did greatly increaſe every mans love and
good will unto Pelopidas , becauſe of the repleniſhing again ot Me s$1NnA with Inhabitants, and
infranchizing and {etting ar liberty of all the other GREcrtans. But the Tyrant Alexander of
PHERE $, returning again to his old accuſtomed cruelty , and having deſtroyed many Cities of
THESSALY, and placed his Gariſons through all the Countrey of the PyTHiotTEs, Achat-
ANS, and MAGNESIANS-: the Cities being advertiſed of Pelopidas return again to Trt zes,
they ſent Ambaſſadours immediately ro THEBEs , to pray them to ſend them an Army, and namely
Pelopidas for Captain, to deliver them from the miſerable bondage of the Tyrant, The Ty+-
BANES willingly granted them , and put all things in readineſs very ſuddenly. But Pelopidas be-
ing ready to ſet forward in his journey, there fell a ſudden Eclipſe of the Sun, fo as at noon day
it was very dark in THEBEs. Pelopidas (eeing every man afraid of this Eclipſe above, he would
not compell the People to depart with this fear, nor with ſo ill hope to hazard the loſs of ſeven thou-
ſand THEBANS, , being all billed to go this journey : but notwithſtanding , he put himſelf alone
into the THESSALIANS hands, with three hundred Horſemen of ſtrangers that were glad to ſerve
with him, with whom he took his Journey againſt the Soothſayers minds , and againſt the good will
of all his Cxizens , who thought this Eclipſe did threaten the death of ſome great perſon like him-
ſelf. But Pelopidas though he needed no ſpur to be revenged upon the Tyrant Alexander , being
by nature hot , and deſirous of himſelf to revenge the ſpight and villany he had offered him : yet he
had a further hope to find the Tyrants houſe divided againſt himſelf , by the former talk he had with
his Wife Thebe , intime of his impriſonment there: Nevertheleſs , the Fame and Repuration of the
Journey undertaken, did wonderfully increaſe his noble courage , and the rather becauſe he was deſi-
rous ( all he could ) the GREc1Aa Ns ſhould fee, that at thevery ſame time when the La c xp +-
MONIANS didſend Governours and Captains to Dzonyſixs the Tyrant of S1c1LE, to ſerve and
aid him, and that the ATHEN1A NS as hirelings took pay of the Tyrant Alexander of PHtxts,
in whoſe honour they had ſet up a Statue of Brals in their City, as unto their Saviour : the Tr +-
BANS onely at the ſelf-ſame time rook Arms againſt them , to deliver thoſe whom the Tyrants
oppreſſed, and ſought to root out all tyrannicall Government over the Gxtc1a ns. So when
he came to the City of PHARSA LE , and had gathered his Army together , he went preſently to the
Field to meet with the Tyrant, Alexander perceiving Pelopidas had very few TyHEBA ns about
him, and that he had twice ſomany THESSALIANS with him , then the other had : hewent unto
the Temple of TyzrT 1s , to meet with Pelopidas. There one telling Pelopidar, that Alexander was
coming againſt him with a great Power, Pelopidas anſwered him ſtraight, All the better , we ſhall kill
the more, Now in the midft of the Valley, there are certain round Hills of a pretty height, which
= commonly call rhe Dogs head : they both ſtrived which of their Footmen ſhould firſt get thoſe
Hills. Pelopidas having a great number of Horſemen , and good men at Arms in the Field , ſent
them before to give charge upon the Enemies, that preſſed to win the vantage of the place : and
baving overthrown them , they followed the chaſe all the Valley over. Burt in the mean time A-
lexander having his Footmen by, marched forwards and got the Hills, becauſe the Thzs$A L1ANS
that were further off, came too late : notwithſtanding when they came to the Hills, they ſought for-
cibly to climbe them up, being very high and ſteep : but Alexander coming down the Hill , gave
charge upon them to their diſadvantage , and flew the firſt that gave the attempt to ger up againſt the
Hill : and the reſidue being ſore hurt , retired again without their purpoſe. Pelopidas ſeeing that,
ſounded the Retreat for the Horſemen that followed the chaſe, to repair to the Standard , and com-
manded them chey ſhould ſer upon the Footmen of the Enemies that were in Battel ray : and he him-
ſelf ran to help thoſe that fought ro win the Hills. So he took his Target on his arm, and
paſling through the Rereward , he got to the foremoſt Ranks : to whom, the fight of his perſon did
| fo redouble their force and courage, that the Enemies themſelves thought it had been a freſh ſupply
of new mens hearts, and other bodies then theirs with whom they had fought before, that came -
. luſtily
PELOFIDSS
| luſtily to ſer again upon them, And yet they did abide rwo or three onſets. Howbeit in the end , .
perceiving thoſe men did ſtill more fiercely force to get up the Hill, and moreover , how their Horſe-
men were come in from the chaſe : they gave way, and left them the place, retiring back by little
and little, Then Pelopidas having won the Hills, ſtayed on the top of them , viewing the Army
of his Enemies , which were not yet returned from their tiying , but waved up and down in great dil-
order. And there he looked all about , to ſee if he could ſpie out Alexander : and at the length he
found him out amongſt others , in the right Wing of his Bartel , ſerting his men again in order, and
incburaging of them. After he had ſer eye on him , it wasno holding ot him back , his heart ſo roſe
againſt him upon ſight of him, that giving place to wrath, he neither regarded his perſon , nor the
intent of his Journey , . but returning far before his men, he cryed with a loud voice to the Tyrant,
and challenged the Combate of him. The Tyrant would not abide him, nor come out to fight with
him, but Hed, and hid himſelf amongſt bis Souldiers, Bur tor his Souldiers, the firſt that thought
to ſer upon Pelopidas , was ſlain by hjm, and many letc dead in the Field. The refidue ſtanding
ſoutly ro it , and cloſe together , did paſs his Curaces through with their long Pikes , and thruſt
him into the breaſt,/ The THESSAL1ANs. ſeeing him thus fore handled and diſtreſſed , for pity ſake
came running from the top of thoſe Hills , to the place where Pelopidas was, to hel p him. Bureven
as they came, he tell down dead before them, Then did they rogether with their Horlemen ſo hercely p,1,.:1.,
ſer upon them, that they made the whole Battel of the Enemies to flie : and following them in chaſe fzin ©
a great way from that place, they covered the Valley with dead bodies, for they flew above three
chouſand men. It is no marvel, if the THEzA Ns that were at Pelopidas death , took it very
heavily , and lamented bitterly : calling himcheir Father , their Saviour and Maſter, as one that had
taught them the worthieſt rhings that might be learned ot any, But the ThEsSaL1ans , and
other friends and Confederates allo of the Cuy of TazBEs , belides their exceeding in ſetting our ,
their common Proclamations and Edicts in praiſe of his memory , and doing him all the honour that
could be due to the moſt rare and excellent perſon that ever was : they did yer more ſhew their love
and affe&tion towards him , by their palling great ſorrow and mourning they made for him, For it is The great la-
ſaid, that they that were at the Barrel , did not pur off their Armour , nor unbridle their Horſes, nox mentation and
would dreſs their wounds, hearing tell of his death, before they went firſt and ſaw his body , nor yet Pourning for |
cold with fighting , laying great heaps of the Enemies Spoils about it , as if he could have told what TG GER
they had done : nor before they had clipped off their own hairs, and the hairs of their Horſes, in
roken of ſorrow. And many of them alſo , when they were come into their Tents and Pavillions,
would neither have fire, eat, nor drink : and all in the Camp were full of ſorrow and mourning , as
if they had not won a notable Victory , but had been overthrown and made ſubje& by the Ty-
rant. Afterwards when-the news of his death was ſpread through all the Countrey , the Magi-
ftrates of every City through which Pejopidas body was conveyed , went to receive it very honoura-
bly, accompanied with all the young men , the Prieſts and children carrying Tokens and Crowns of
Triumph, and other Ornaments of Gold; and when his Funerall day was come , and that his body
ſhould be carried to be buried , the oldeſt and the nobleſt perſons of the Thzssar1ans went unto
the THEBANS , and prayed them that they might haye the burying of him : and one among them
being the mouth of the reſt, ſpake im this manner to the THEBaNs. *My Lords of TatBEs , The O:ation
© our good beloved Friends and Confederates , we onely crave this goodturn at your hands, where- of the Theſſali
< in you ſhall much honour us, and in our great calamity ſomewhat alſo comfort us. For we ſhall «ns to the The=
© never more accompany. *Pelopidas alive, nor requite his honourable deſerts ro us, that he ſhall ever *
* know them. Bur if it pleaſe you to let us handle his body with our hands, and that we may bury
* him, and ſer forth his Obſequies , we will imagine then ar the leaſt, that you do think that which
< we our ſelves do certainly beleeve : That we THESSAL1Aaxs, not you THEBANS , have re-
< ceived the greater loſs of both. For you have loſt indeed a worthy Captain, and we have nor
** onely received the like loſs with you, but the hope alſo of recovering our Liberty. For how dare
** we again ſend to you for another Captain , when we cannot redeliver you Pelopidas ? The TH t-
BANS hearing their Petition, granted their deſire : and in mine opinion, no Funerals could be done
with greater Pomp and Honour , then the THESSAL1A NS performed his , being men that reckon
not Dignity, Magnificence, and Pomp, to conſiſt in Ornaments of 1vory , nor of Purple ; as Phi-
liſtus doth fer it out, who praiſeth to the Moon the burying of Dzonyſirs the | yrant of SYRAcusa,
which was the end of his Tyranny, as a ſumptuous concluſion of a ſtately ! ragedy. And Alexander The ff
the Great, at the death of E pheſtion, did not onely cliphis Horſe hairs and Mules, but plucked down _ —-
alſo the Battlements of the Walls of the City : becauſe it ſhould appear , that the very Walls them- forrow of 4-
ſelves did mourn for his death , ſhewing that deformity in ſtead of their tormer beauty, But all ſuch /exanler the
things are done onely by force and compulſion, upon the Lords commandments , which do but raiſe ws tor the
up envy againſt their memory for whom they are done, and hatred of them that are againſt their wilis oheſtien &-
conſtrained to do the thing they miſliked : and are no juſt proots of honour nor good will , but ra- * *
ther vain ſhews of barbarous pomp and pride in him , that diſpoſeth his Authority and plenty of
Goods, in trifling toys not to be defired. Where contrariwile it plainly .appeareth, that a private
man dying in a foraign Countrey , by reaſon ſhould be accounted moſt happy of all other creatures, Pelovidas
that having neither his Wife, Kin, nor his Children by him , he ſhould be conveyed to his Funerals, ,;,.t OF.
accompanied with ſuch multitudes of crowned People and number of Cities , envying one another, :
who ſhould moſt honour the Funerals, as being unrequeſted , and leaſt of all compelled. For faith Eſops ſaying of
F ſope , The death of a happy man is not grievous, but moſt blefſed, ſeeing ir bringeth all _ = _ __—_
ings
v1 045 4
A
254
"PELOPIDAS.
—
Death a bleſ-
ſed thing.
The Thebes
revenged Pelo-
pidas death.
Alexander the
1yrant of
Pheres lain
by bis Wife,
Alexander the
doings to happineſs, and leaveth Fortune to ber fickle change, and ſporting pleaſure. But in my
—
judgement a La CEDEMONIAN ſpake better , when he ſaid ro Diagorxs an vid man, that had him-
ſelf in old time gotten victory in the Games Olympicall , and had cen beſides his wn Children ,
and his Childrens Children ( both Sons and Daughters) crowned with ViRories alſo in the ſelf-
ſame Games : O Dsagoras , dic preſently , elſe thou ſhalt never come to Heaven, But theſe ViRo-
ries of the Olympicall: and Pythian Games, whoſoever ſhould put them all together, are not to be
compared with one of the Battels onely, that Pelopidas had fought and won : having ſpent the moſt
part of his time in great Calling and Dignity, and laſtly ended the ſame , being Governour of Bot.
OT1A the third time ( which was the higheſt Office of State in all his Countrey ) when he had de-
ſtroyed the Tyrants that kept the THEBANS in bondage , and was alſo lain himſelf, valiantly
fighting for the recovery of the Tyts SAL1ANS Liberty, But as Pelopidas death was grievous to
the THEBANS Friends and Confederates : fo fell it out very profitable for them. For the Tux
BANS hearing of Pelopidas death, did not delay revenge , but ſent an Army forthwith of ſeven
thouſand Footmen , and ſeven hundred Horſemen, under the condut of XMalcitas and of Diagitos.
They finding Alexanders Army overthrown, and that he had loſt the moſt part of his ſtrength , did
compell him to give up the ThessALIans Towns he kept by force againſt them, and to ſet the
MAGNETIANS , the PHTH1OTES, andthe ACHAIANS at liberty, withdrawing his Gariſons
he had placed in their ſtrong Holds : and therewithall ro ſwear , that from thenceforth'he would
march under the ThzBANs , againſt any Enemy they ſhould lead him , or command him to go
againſt, So the THEBANS were pacified upon theſe Conditions. Now will 1 tell you how the
gods plagued bim ſoon after for Pelopidas death, who ( as we have told you before ) had pretily in-
ſtruted Thebe his Wife , that ſhe ſhould not fear the ourward appearance nor power of his Tyranny,
although ſhe wereenvironed with Souldiers of baniſhed men , whom the Tyrant entertained to guard
his perſon. Her ſelf on the other ſide , fearing his falſhood , as alſo hating his cruelty, conſpired
her Husbands death with her three Brethren, T ſiphonus, Pytholaus, and Lycophron, and executed her
Conſpiracy after this ſort. The Tyrants Palace where he lay, was Araightly guarded every where
with Souldiers , who nightly watched his perſon : but their Bed-chamber which they commonly uſed
to liein, was in the top of all his Palace, where they kept a Dog tied at the Chamber door, to
give warning, which was a terrible Dog, and knew noni but the Tyrant and his Wife , and his Kee-
per that gave him meat. Now when Thebe purpoſed ro work her feat, ſhe locked up her three
Brethren a whole day near unto their Bed-chamber, So when night was come ,. and being bed time,
ſhe went her ſelf alone according to her manner, into Alexanders Chamber : and finding him alleep,
ſhe ſtole out ſtraight again , and bade the Keeper of the Dog to carry ;the Dog away , for her
Husband was diſpoled to take reft , and would have no noiſe, There was no way to get up to this
Chamber but by a Ladder , which ſhe tet down : and fearing left her Brethren ſhould make a noiſe,
ſhe had covered the Ladder-ftaves with wooll before ſhe let it fall down. When ſhe had gotren them
up with their Swords, and had ſet them before the door , ſhe went firſt her ſelf into the Chamber,
and took away the Tyrants Sword that hung at his Beds head , and ſhewed it them as a token given
them that he was aſleep. When it cameto the pinch to do the deed, theſe young men were afraid, and
their hearts began to fail them. But the took on with them , and called them cowardly Boys, that
would not ſtand to it when it came tothe point z and withall ſware in her rage, that ſhe would go wake
the Tyrant, and open all the Treaſon to him. So partly for ſhame , and partly for fear, ſhe compelled
them to come in, and to ſtep to the Bed, her ſelf holding a Lamp to light them, The one of them
rook him by the feet, and bound them hard : another caught him by the hair of his head, and pulled
him backward: and the third thruſt him through with his Sword, So by chance he died ſooner then
he ſhould have done, and otherwiſe then his wicked life deſerved , for the qanner of his death, So A-
n 1 od the lexander was the firſt Tyrant that wasever ſlain by the Treaſon of his Wife, whoſe body was moſt vil-
firſt Tyrant
ther was ſlain
by his Wite,
lanouſly and deſpightfully uſed after his death. For when the Townſmen of PxzrEs had drawn him
through the City in the mire and dirt , they caft him out at the length ro the Dogs to devour,
The end of Pelopidas Life,
THE LIFE OF
MARCELLUS.
Ann. Mund, Ant. Chriſt.
3736. 212,
ww Arcus Clandins that was five times Conſull at Rowz , was the Son £3
I they ſay ) of another Marcus - and as Poſidonizs writeth , he was the firſt
of his Houſe ſurnamed Marcellus, as who would ſay, a martiall and warlike
man by nature, For he was cunning at Weapons, skilfull in Wars, ſtrong and
luſty of body , hardy, and naturally given to fight. Yet was he no quarreller,
| nor ſhewed his great courage, but in Wars againſt the Enemy : otherwiſe he
was very gentle, and fair conditioned. He loved Learning, and delighted in the
Greek Tongue , and much eſteemed them that could ſpeak ir. For he himſelf
was ſo troubled in matters of State, that he could not ſtudy and follow it, as he defired to have done.
For if God (as Homer faith ) did ever make men
To uſe their youth in Wars , and Battels fierce and fell,
Till crooked age Came creeping on, ſuch feats for to expell.
They were the nobleſt and chiefeſt men ot Roms at that time, For in their youth, they fought with
the CARTHAGINIANS in SICILE : in their middle age, againſt the Gaurs , to keep them
trom the winning of all ITaLy : and again in their old age , againſt Hannibal and the CarTH a-
GINIANS, For their age was no priviledge for them to be diſpenſed with, in the ſervice of their
Wars, asit was elſe for common Citizens : but they were both for their Nobility, as alſo for their
valiantneſs and experience in Wars , driven to take charge of the Armies delivered them by the Se-
nate and People. Now for Marcellus , there was no Battell could make him give ground being pra-
Ctiſed in all Fights : but yet he was more valiant in private Combate man for man , then in any other
Fight. Theretore he never refuſed Enemy that did challenge bim , bur flew all choſe in the Field that
called him to combate. In $1c1LE he ſaved his Brother Ofacaders lite , being overthrown in a Skir-
miſh : for with his Shield he covered his Brothers body, and flew them that came to kill him. Theſe
valiant parts of him , being but a young man , were rewarded by the Generals under whom he ſerved,
with many « rowns , and warlike honours, uſually beſtowed upon valiant Souldiers. earcellzs in-
creaſing ſtil] his valiantneſs and good ſervice, was by the People choſen Adylis, as of the number
of thoſe that were the worthieſt men, and moſt honourable : and the Prieſts did create him Augure,
which is a kind of Prieſthood at RO», having Authority by Law , to conſider and obſerve the tly-
ing of Birds, to divine and prognoſticate things ghereupon, Bur in the year of his Office of &-
dile , he was forced againſt his will to accuſe (apitolings , his Brother in C ffice with him. For he be-
ng a raſh and diffolute man of life , fell in diſhoneſt love with his Collegues Son Marcellus, thar
bare his own name : who being a goodly young Gentleman , and newly come to mans ſtate , was as
well chovghr of, and taken of every man for his manhood and good qualities , as any way for his
beauty
Aarccllus
Kinred.
Marcellus con-
dirions,
The Romans
troubled With
Wars,
Afarcelius faved
his Brother O-
aacilius.
Marcellus cho-
ſen Adilis and
Augure,
Aarceilus xecu-
ſerhC ap:8:lin's
MARCELLVUS.
beauty and perſonage. The firſt time Capirolinus moved this diſhoneſty to him , he did of himſcl#
repulſe his ſhamelels offer , without any other privity : but when he ſaw he came again to tempt
him the ſecond time, he ſtraight revealed it to his Father, Afarcel/as his Father being marvellouſly
offended withall ( as he had good cauſe ) went and accuſed Capitolinus before the Senate, Capitolings
at the firſt, laid in many exceptions and feigned excuſes, to keep him from appearing , and inthe end
he appealed to the Tribunes of the People : but they declared plainly they would ngt receive his A p=
peal , nor take any knowledge of the matter. At the length he was forced to anſwer the matter be-
fore the Senate, and denied flatly that he atrempted ever any ſuch thing , becauſe there were to Wit.
neſſes to prove it againſt him. Whereupon the Senate thought good to ſend for young Marcellus,
who coming before them , both bluſhed and wept together. The Senate ſeeing ſhametaſtneſs in him,
mingled with tears , and a malice that cguld not be pacified :, without ſeeking other proof, they took
it a clear caſe , and ſo condemned Caprtolinus preſently in a great ſum of Money , which Marcel.
lus converted into Silver Veſſels, to lerve at Sacrifices , and ſo did conſecrate them to the ſervice of
The Romans the gods. Now when the ROM Ns had. ended their firſt War againſt the CaxTHAGi Ni
had Wars with a ns , which held them fully the ſpace of rwo and twenty years : immediately after that, they be-
the Carthagt- on a new War againſt the Gaurts. For the ,INsSusRIAaNs,, being a People derived” from
ay = en Mi the GauLs, and dwelling at the foot of the Mountains of the Ares on ITALy fide , being
mea able ro make a good Power of themſelves, did notwithſtanding pray aid of the other Gaur s in-
The Wars of habiting on the other ſide of the Mountains : and they cauſed the Gzss aTEs, mercenary People
_ the Gaul. an hirelings go them that would give Pay, to bring great-numbers with them. Truly methinks it was
| Geſſates _ a marvellous matter , and wonderfull good hap for the R0mans , that this War 'of the Gaurs
2444 non came not upon them, while they were at wars with the CaxTHaG1NIANS : and that the Gaurs
alſo had lien quiet all that while ( as if they had purpoſely ſworn to ſer upon the Conquerors ) expe-
Ring fill an end between them , and then to ſet upon the Conquerors , when they had nothing to ſay
ro any other, Yet the ſituation of-their Countrey did trouble the Romans much, becauſe the
were ſonear Neighbours unto-them, and had Wars asit were at their own doors. And ſo did the
ancient reputation of the Gaurs ſomewhat appaul the ROMaNns , whom, as it ſhould ſeem,
they did fear more then any other Nation whatſoever : becauſe ROME had been taken before by the
GauLts, Since which time a Law was made , that Prieſts and Ecclefiafticall perſons ſhould be diſ.
penced with frota going to the Wars, unleſs the Gaur's did riſe againſt them. The preparation
ALawrto e- they made for this War at that time , did plainly ſhew the fear they had then of the G aurs,
aſe — For it is thought , that never before nor ſince, there were ſo many naturall Row a xs aſſembled
From the Wars. rogether in Field , as were then at that preſent. Moreover , the new-come cruelty they uſed in their
The Romans Sacrifices , doth record this to be true. For before they never uſed any ſtrange manner in their Sacri-
did fear the fice , or barbarous faſhion , but were favourable in their opinions about the Ceremonies of Religion,
Wars of the and agreeable to the GREc1ans touching the ſervice of the gods. But then they were compelled
_— Wo- £0 obey certain Oracles and ancient Prophecies they found written in S:by/s Books : and they buri-
men buried ed two GRECIANS alive in the Ox-Market, a Man and a Woman, and likewiſe two Gaurs,
alive. a Man and a Woman; Unto them they do yet continue certain ſecret Anniverſaries in November,
that are not to be ſeen of every body. The ROMans in their firſt Battels of this War , were of-
z ten overcome, and did overcome : but theſe Bartels , were to little purpoſe for ending of the Wars,
gs ar an" Inthe year that C. Quintizs Flaminius , and P. Furins Philo were Conſuls, and ſent with great Ar-
Conſuls. mies to make War upon the InSuBR1ANSs , People ſubje&t to, the State of MiLLaNz , news
News brought were brought to ROME , there was a River ſeen in the Countrey of ROMANIA, red as bloud, and
to Rome , of three Moons alſo at the very {ame time in the City of R1iM1n1, Furthermore, the Prieſts and Sooth-
py —_ ſayers that had obſerved and conſidered the tokens and fignifications of Birds on that day , when theſe
* wept two were choſen Conſuls : they told plainly there was errour in their ele&ion, and that they were di-
rectly choſen againſt all ſigns and tokens of the Birds, Thereupon the Senate wrote immediately to
the Camp to them, and willed them to come home to depoſe themſelves of their Conſulſhip, before
they did attempt any thing as Conſuls againſt the Enemies. The Conſull Flaminixs received the Let-
——\ + the ters in time : but becauſe he was ready to give Battel, he would not open them, before he had firſt over-
Bactell thrown his Enernies, and ſpoiled their Countrey, as indeed he did. But when he was come back to
; ROME again , and had brought marvellous great Spoils with him , the People for all that would not
$0 out to meet him , becauſe he did not preſently obey the Letters they wrote unto him, nor returned
upon it as they commanded him , but contemptuouſly, without any regard of their pleaſure, followed
his own aanccfhe : whereupon they had almoſt flatly denied him the honour of Triumph, For his
Triumph wasno ſooner ended , but they compelled him to give over his ' Conſulſhip, and made him
The great Re- A private man with his companion, The Romans therein were ſo religiouſly bent , as they would
ligion of the all rhings ſhould be referred unto the gods good grace and pleaſure, and would ſuffer none to contemn
ag the obſervations and prognofſticating of the Sooth-ſayers , nor their ancient uſes and cuſtoms, for
any-proſperity and felicity that could happen. For they thought it more neceſſary and profitable ,
for benefit of the Common-weal , that the Senate and Magiſtrares ſhould reverence the Ceremonies
and Service of the gods, chen that they ſhould overcome their Enemies in Bartel, As for example,
Tiberius Sympronixs, a man as much honoured and eſteemed of the Romans for his juſtice and
valiantneſs , as a other of his time , being one year Conſull, did nominate and ele two other for
Conſuls the year following , Scipio Naſica , and Cains Martins. Theſe two being entred into theit
Conſulſhip, and ſent from KO alfoto their ſeverall Provinces appointed them by lot : Semproniw
by
Flaminrus 0-
"MARCELLUS © 257
by, chance took certain little Books in his bandY where were briefly written the rules apperraining
tothe Ceremonies of pyblick ſacrifice : and reading in them , he found a certain ordinance he never An ordinance
heard before, And this ic was: That if a+ Magiſtrate were ſet in any Tent or hired Houſe without the for publick 1a-
City, to behold and'obſerye. the Prognoſtications of- Birds , and rhat upon any ſudden occaſion he <ribce.
were driven to come again into: the: City , before the Birds had- given any certain ſigns : the ſecond
time when he returned again -to-end:his dbſervations, there was no remedy , but he muſt leave his
Tent or firſt hired Houſe, andrake ,.and begin new obſervations again. Tiberius uterly ig-
norant of this ordinance before, had keprhis obſervarions twice in one ſelf Houſe, and had choſen there
N aſica and Marting, Conſuls 0-ſuceted him. Bur when he knew he had offended, he told the Senare
of it : who would not ketflip (0; line 2 fault, bu wrote to the new Conſuls, and they fraight lett
their Provinces, and returned: again:to ROME, willingly reſigning up their Offices. That was a prety
while after. Again alſo. , about 3he 'yery preſent time we write of now , there were two Prieſts of
Noble Houſes ( and Noble perſons alſe'), the one called Cornelixs, and the other Cerhexs, both which
were degraded of their Prieſthqgd ;-becauſe: they had nor given the intrails of the ſacrificed Beaft
in. order asthey ſhould have. dont.:1:Qairus Srulpiting in like manner , was degraded of his Biſhop-
prick, becauſe his Miter which the F,am1ns do wear, fell off his Head in his ſacrificing. Aſinutins
ing Di&ator alſo, and having.choſen Cains Flaminixa Generall of the Horſemen : becauſe they
the noiſe of a Rar at the Eleftion of Flaninius, they were both pur our of their authoriry and
other choſen in their place, /Now:,'though they were: thus preciſe even in trifles, it was not by rea-
ſon of ary ſuperſtition mingled -with' their Religion! :| but becauſe they would not break any jot of
the Ancient Inſtitutions and Ceremoniesof their Countrey, Bur to our ſtory again. Flaminixs being
deprived of his Conſullhip , Marcellus. was created Conſul in his place , by the regents at that time
called Interreges, Marcell being inftirured in his Office, chole Cnews Cornelins for his companion : Marcellus and
and they ſay , that the Gaurs being inclined ro peace , and the Senate of Rome alſo willing to ©7*#s Cornelz.
hearken to peace, Aarcelias did ſtir upithe People, and made them defire war. Norwithſtanding, they us Conſuls.
concluded peace at that time : but the Gaurs GEsSATEs immediately after renewed the Wars The Gauls
again. For there came over the mountains of the” ALPES s thirty thouſand of them, and they Geſſater make
joyned with the In $SUBRIANS , Which were many:more in number then themſelves, Now , they Wa with
being in a marvellous jolliry , went 'incontinently to lay fiege to the City of Actares , that ftan- ny as.
ded upon the River of: Po : and during the fiege , King Briromaris taking Ten thouſand Gess a- Alpes ”
TEs with him , went and deſtroyed all the -Countrey above the Po, Marcellus hearing that , left Acerres,a City
with his companion Cnews Cornelixsy all the Armed Footmen, and the third part of the Horſemen, 9? the Ri.
in his Camp by Aczxzss : and. he\himſelf with the reſidue of the Horſemen , and fix hundred "** **
Footmen light Armed , marched towardsthe Enemy, travelling night and day , untill he mer with
Ten thouſand Gzs$ATEs, near unto a village of GAuz on this fide the mountains, called Cta- £jig;1;vm "
S$T1D1uM , which was ſubjet not long” before to! the Romans: So he had no leaſure to take vil _ an
reſt, nor to refreſh his men a little : for the Barbarous People knew ſtraight he was come, and took this tide the
him for no better then by and by . overcome , becauſe he had ſo tew Footmen. And for his Horſe- Tountains.
men the GAauL s made no reckoning of. them : for beſides themſelves are very good ttien at Arms,
and excel] all other in that fight, yer weretheir number of Horſemen far above Marcellzs. Therefore
ſtraight marched towards him in:a marvellous fury, and- with thundring ſhouts , as if they
would- have devoured them at their coming , Britomerus ' their King advanced. himſelf before all
his company. Marcellus fearing to be compaſſed+in. behind , being ſo ſmall a number * he put our
the wings of his Horſemen as much as he could, to have the Countrey ar large, fo thar his two wings
were very lender, untill he came near his Enemies. . And being ready to gallop cowards the Enemy,
it fortuned his Horſe being afraid with the noiſe of his Enemies, turned about , and carried Marcellus
back again in ſpire of his teeth, Bur he fearing the Romans ſuperſtition, in raking this for an
evil token, that they would take a conceit upon the ſame : plucking *hedridle with his left hand,
turned his Horſe head again upon the Enemy , and: then he worſhipped the Sun, as though hehad noc
turned his Horſe by chance , but purpoſely for that cauſe, For it is the Roma rs manner to turn The manner of
about ſo , when they do honour their gods, So when they began to joyri Batrell he made 4 vow to the Romans
Jupiter Feretrian, to offer him up the goodlieſt ſpoils of the Enemies, if he did overcome. The King when they
of the Gaurs ſeeing him at that inſtant , imagined by the marks and tokens he ſaw, that he ſhould "=®ip.
be the Generall of his Enemies : $0 he ſer ſpurs to his Horſe , and gallopped towards him from all his
company, giving him defiance , and challenged him, ſhaking his ftaffin hiehand. He was the good- The combate
lieſt perſon and ſtrongeſt man of all the Gaur.s , and his Armour was all gilt atd ſilyered, and ſo ſer on Horſeback
forth with ſundry works and Colours, that it ſhined as the Sun: Aſatcelius on the other (ide having Þ*Witt Brizo-
viewed all the Army of his Enemies throughout, and perceiving none ſo richly Armed as the King, —— w
thought ſtraight it was againſt him , that he bad kts Prayer and vow to Jupiter, Then he put aarcelty;) ©
his Horſe in full career againſt him , and came with'ſuch a force and fury to hich, that he pierced Marcelus flew
his Armour with his ſtaff , and overthrew him , bur yet he killed him not dead : whereupon ke ſud- King Britons.
denly redoubled rwo or three ſtrokes beſides upon him , and ſo flew him right our. Then he ' ** £4/ttdi-
lighted from his Horſe , and taking the dead Kings Armour in his hand, he lift up his eyes to hea- po NP
ven, and faid ; © Jupiter Feretrian , thou that doſt from heaven behold and direct all martiall prayer unto
feats and Captains deeds : thyſelf 1 call ro witneſs , that I am the third Rowax Captain , Fupirer Fere,
that being Generall of the Army, bave ſlain with my own hands, The King and Generall of the #4":
Enemies : and 1 promiſe here to thee , to offer thee up the richeſt ſpoils of mine Enemies, ſo a
Z g0
__
nn ns rt TOTES oe e_ _— —_ _ vw
—S—_ HMURIFLLUVE
4 godhead will ,youchſafe to grant us the like godf! fortune"in all this War © beſides. His prayer
ended , the men of Arms of .the RoMAns ran in among-the: Horſemen and Footmen' of the
Gaurs , one being unparted from another .:-,and Fortune did'fo favour them, that they wan a
paſſing ViRory, , in ſuch a ſtrange and wonderfull manner, as was incredible; For it was'never ſeen
before nor fince , that ſo few Horſemen did overthrow 'a number of men of Arrts and
The Gazls Footmen ranged together. | Now when eFarcellus had» flain-the greater number-of them, and
overcome by had gotten their ſpoils and all their baggage , ; he — his Conipanion Cnexs Cor
Marcellus. melizs, whom he found making Wars untortunately with-the Gaurs , -before the greateft and
moſt populous City they had.,: called M11LLarins, which the-Gaur s /ofi' this fide the: Monn.
"rains take for: their chief Ciry , and from whence all other had'their firſt originall. Whereupon
they, did all their poſſible endeavour to. defend it, and did as traightly beſiege the Conſull Corye.
at was lis , as he did them. Now when AAfarcellus was come to the Camp again, 'the GzsSATEs un-
*h« Ciry of derftanding that their King Briromarus was ſlain in the banell, returned back againinto their countrey,
Millaine. and the City of MILLA1NE was taken. After that all the other Cities thereabouts yeelded of them.
{elves , without force of ſiege , and the Gaurs wholly fobhiticred themſelves-and all that they had
to.. the mercy of the Romans , who granted them Peace upon eafie conditions,” For theſe fa-
us T;j. Mous Victories, the Senate of ROME gave all the honour: of Triumphunto Aarcellas onely, and
__ aaa that was as wonderfull and worthy a ſight, as any.that ever: paſt: before him : what for the infinite
fig ſpoils , and the number of great men taken Priſoners, as alſo'for the exceeding ſumptuouſneſs
and ftately ſhew thereof. Bur the goodlieſt ſight of all forthe rareneſs , was to behold Afarcellus
ſelf, carrying on his ſhoulders the whole ſpoil of the barbarous , to offer up to Jupiter Fere-
7rian, For he had cut down a goodly young Oke of the Mountain, ftraight, and ſhotup very |
: : ry 1ong,
which he had trimmed up:in-form of Truwumph, hanging all: the pieces he had won of the
King, very orderly round;abour it. Then when all the ſhew of his Triumph was paſt , be himſelf
took the Oke, upon his ſhoulders, and got up upon his Triumphant Chariot ,” and:ſo marched
thorow the Ciry., carrying; theſe ſigns thereupon : which was the nobleſt , and honourableft
ſhew of the whole Triumph, His Army followed after the Chariot, ſinging Verſes and Songs of
Vidtory, in praiſe of the gods and their Captain : and when he'had paſſed through the whole City,
and was come tothe Temple of: 7wpirer called Fererrian , there he ſet up this young Oke and token of
- Triumph. This:farcelius.is the third and laft Roman Captain , zo whom! happened this honour
Marcellusoffer- 55; gx age. | For the firſt man that ever offered.up-to Fwpirer the ſpoils of the Generall of their Ene-
— - 6g | mies, was King.Rowulns, whowan the like ſpoils of Acres King. of the Cxninians. The ſecond
The | 22g rer- "Was Cornelins Cofſus , whoillew Tolumnins General of the Tus ca Ns, Andthe third was Aſar-
ſons that offer- cells, who ſlew,with his own hands Britomarns King-of the Gaur s : and after him, no man
ed up $polis O- eyer ſince could obtain the like good fortune, _ The god to whom theſe manner of ſpoils are con-
pima in Rome : 5. 4ted thus," is called Jupiter Fererrian , ſo termed as ſome write , becauſe they do carry this token
-- "P of Triumph to him , following the derivation of this Greek word, 'Fe#5z, which ſignifieth ro carry :
Marcellus, Fu» for in thoſe former times, many Greek words were mingled with the Latin. Other, affirm it is
piter Feretrian one of the ſurnames of Trees gnifying e much as lightning : for Ferire inthe Latin tongue fig-
why ſo called. nifieth to ſtrike. And ſome ſay,alſo, in Wars it is properly to hurt or kill with hisown hands : for the
Romans do uſe at this day' when they give a charge upon their Enemies in battell , or that they
have them in chace flying, to cry, incouraging one another, Fers, Fer, which is as much as, kill, kill,
And the ſpoils taken from the Enemies alſo, are | generally'called Spolia : but theſe which Lieute-
' _ _ niant generall, or Generals, do. take from the Generalls of their Enemies , when they have (lain
- 5 KI them , they are called particularly , Spolsa opima.. Yet ſome hold opinion that King Numa Pompi-
wie ney 96 Bus mentioning the rich ſpoils, or Spolia Opim , in his Commentaries, ſpeaketh of the firſt, the
ſecond , and the third ; and commandeth that the firſt ſpoils which are won, ſhould be conſe-
crated to 7xpiter Feretrian : the ſecond unto Mars : and the third unto Quirinus, And that they
7 WM ſhould give to him that had won the firſt ſpoils, three hundred * Affes, theſecond, two hun-
why cr * Cdred : and the third a hundred. But notwithſtanding, the beſt opinion, and uſuall taking of Spolia
Crowns.) Opima , referreth them to be the firſt ſpoils won in a foughten field , and thoſe which the Lieu-
tenant of an Army, or a Generall doth take from the Generall of the Enemies, after he hath ſlain
him with his own hands, And thus much for :the declaration of this matter, Furthermore, the
RoMANSs were ſo joytull of this Victory, and of their good ſucceſs in this war , that they cau(-
ed a maſſie cup of Gold to be made of the ſpoil they had gotten, weighing a hundred Pound
weight , which they ſent to offer up in the Temple of Apollo Pythias, in the City of DEL pnos in
roken of thanks : and they made liberall diviſion beſides of the ſpoils unto their friends and
confederates , and ſent a great part of it unto Heron King of SYRacus a , who was their confede-
Marcellus fenz TYare. Not long after Hanmbal being entred ITALY. Marcellus was ſent with an Army by ſea,
into icile. into SICILE, And after the great overthrow was given at the battell of Cannzs, wherein there
with an Army, .died ſo many thouſand Romans , and that very few of them ſaved rhemſelves by flying into
the Ciry of Ca NNus1um : they looked that Hanmbal having - overcome the flower of all the
RoMANS youth, and their greateſt force , would not fail tro. come ſtraight ro Roms. Where-
fore Marcellus firſt ſent fifteen hundred of his men by ſea, to help to defend Roms : and having
afterwards received commandment from the Senate, he came ro Cannus1um, where he took
ſuch as were fled thither for ſuccour after the bartell , and ſo ht them out of the field, to
defend the Countrey, Now the Romans having loſt the moſt part of all their beft Caprains, in
. diyers
® V
"MARCELLUS.
divers ſundry Battells belore ; of all thoſe that remained, Fabius Maximus was the onely able and
wreputed man for commendation of his honeſty and wiſdom, yet they miſliked of him notwith-
ſtanding, for a timerous man , and of no courage, as a man too full of doubts and conſiderations, and
loth to put any thing in hazard : ſaying, he was a good Captain to defend, but not to offend the E-
nemy. Whereupon they thought good to joyn Marcellus re” youth and courage, with Fabixs
feminine fear and wiſdom : and therefore ſome years they choſe them both Conſulls rogerher , or
elſe they ſent one of them as Conſull , and the other as Proconſull , each in his turn , to the Coun-
trey where they had Wars. And for proof hereof Poſidonius writeth, that the Roma Ns at that
time called Fabius Maximus their Target, and Marcellus their Sword. Therefore Hannibal himſelf
ſaid, he feared Fabius Maximus as his Governour, and Marcellus as his Enemy : becaule the one kept
him from hurting of others, and the other did hurt to himſelf. quarry after this great Victory
Pofidonins
words of F a-
bius and Mar-
cellus,
at CANNES, Hannibals Souldiers became fo bold, ſo careleſs and diſordered , that they kept the .
Field without fear of any thing, and diſperſed themſelves far from their Camp : wherefore Marcellus
ſetting upon thoſe ſtraglers, he ſlew them every man, and ſo by little and little did Rtill leflen the pow-
er and ſtrength of his Enemy. Afterwards he aided the Cities of B1zaNT1um and of NOx a , and
ſtabliſhed rhe true devotion and love of the BizaNT1NEs towards the Romans : from thence
he went to NoLa , and tound great ſedition there berwixt the Senate and the People , becauſe the Se-
nate could not keep the People in obedience, but they would needs take Hanmbals part, The Cauſe
of the Peoples ſtubborneſs grew , by occaſion of a Gentleman of the Ciry called Bandius, a noble
Gentleman to the People, and a valiant man of his hands. This Bandixs having fought valiantly at
the Battell of Ca NNes., after he had (lain many a CARTHAGINIAN , was himſelf in the end
ſtricken down, and found lying among the dead bodies, ſore wounded and mangled : whereupon
Hannibal greatly commending his valiantneſs , did not _ let him go without Ranſom, but
alſo gave him rich Gifts , and made him his Hoſt and Friend, Hereupon Bandius at his coming
home, to require Hannbals honour and courteſie , became one of thoſe that moſt favoured Hann:-
bal, and moſt per{waded the people of NOLA to take his part, Notwithſtanding this , Marcellus
thinking it t00 great a ſin againſt the gods , to put a man to death that had made fo grear proof
of his valiantneſs, and had ſerved with the Romans in their greateſt Wars and extremeſt
danger, and who beſides the goodneſs of his nature, had a marvellous gift alſo ro win mens
+ good wills by his great courteſie : when this Bandius came one day to do his duty to him, Afar-
cellss of purpoſe asked him what he was, though he had known him long before, onely to take
occaſion to talk with him. The other anſwered him, his Name was Lucius Bandins. Then Mar-
cellus ſeeming to be marvellous glad , and to wonder at him ſaid : And art thou that Bandixs they
ſpeak ſo much of at Roz , whom they ſay did ſo notable ſervice in perſon at the Battell of Ca x-
NES, and never forſook Paulus e/E£mylins the Conſull , but received ſo many wounds upon his
body in defence of him ? Bandius anſwered , that he was the man, and therewith ſhewed him man
wounds he had upon. his body. Marcellus then replied : Alas, thou that carrieſt ſuch notable marks
of thy unfeigned love towards us , what didſt thou mean, that thou cameſt not ſtraight again
unto us ? art thou perſwaded we are ſo miſerable and unthankfull, that we will not worthily re-
ward* the vertue and valianineſs of our friends , whom our Enemies ſelves do honour ? After Aar-
cellus had uſed this courteous ſpeech unto him , and had embraced him , he gave him a goodly
Horſe for ſervice in the Wars , and five hundred Drachmues of filyer beſides. So after that time,
Bandius did ever take Marcellus part , and always followed him , being very faithfull ro him, and
ſhewed himſelf very ſevere and earneſt to accuſe them that took Harnnibals part in the City :
which were many in number, and had conſpired among themſelves , that the firſt time the Ro-
Mans ſhould go into the Field to skirmiſh with the Enemies, they would ſhut the gates after
them, and take the ſpoil of all their Carriages. Marcellus being informed of this Treaſon , did ſer his
Men 1n bartell ray within the City , hard by the gates, and behind them he placed all the Sumpters
and Carriage in good order : beſides that, he made proclamation by Trumper, that no Citizen upon
pain of death ſhould approach the Walls, This occaſion drew Hannibal to come hard to the Ci-
ty , ſeeing no watch upon the Walls, and riade him the bolder ro come in dilorder, imagining
there 43 Hook ſome Mutiny or ſedition within , between the Noble men and the People. Bur in
the mean time, Marcellus ſet open the gate being hard by , and fallying our upon the ſudden
with the beſt men of Arms he had, he gave a charge upon Hannibal in the vaward, Immediately
afcer came out his Footmen at another gate , running ſtraight upon Hannibal, with a wonderfull
cry and ſhout : ſo.as Hanmbal to wichtand them, was driven to divide his men into two Companies.
Burt as he was dividing of them , ſuddenly a third gate opened upon them, from whence all the re-
ſidue of the ROMANs iflued out, who ſet upon the CARTHAGINIANS on every fide, they
being marvellouſly amazed to be ſo ſuddenly fer on, which they looked not for : ſo having their
hands full with thoſe that came firſt upon them , being ſcant able ro defend themſelves againft
them, and ſeeing this new and laſt charge alſo, they were forced to retire, This was the firſt rime,
that ever Hannibals Souldiers begati to give place to the Romans , who drave them back unto
their Camp g and flew a great number of them, and did hurt divers of them beſides, For ſome write
Lucius Bandius
of Nola,a valt-
anc man.
Marcellus gen-
tleneſs.
Reward made
Bandius a irue
ſubject.
Aarcellus
Victory of
Hamnibal at
N 0a.
there were ſlain of the CaxTHAGINIANS at that confli&t , above five thouſand, and of the
ROMANS there died not paſt five bundred men. But T'ir#s Livixs doth not ſet out the overthrow
lo great , and yet confeſſerh that Marcellus wan great honour by ir, and that it made the Ro max $
marvellous valiant again ; after ſo many and ſundry Bartels as they had loſt one after airother : for
| Z then
MARCELLVUS.
Marcellus pro-
conſull.
then they were perſwaded that they fought nor with an Enemy altogether invincible, but that he
might ſometime alſo, as wellas themſelves , receive both loſs and hurt. Therefore, one of the Con?
ſulls dying about that time , the people cauſed Afarcelix to be ſent for, and placed him in bis room :
and in'ſpite of the Senate they deferred all depuration untill his return from the Camp. «Marcellus
came no ſooner to ROME , but he was choſen Conſull in the dead mans room , by all the voices
of the People. Notwithſtanding , when they went to chooſe him, it thundered marvellouſly
which the Prieſts and Augures took for an ill roken, but yet they, durft not openly ſpeak againſt
his ele&ion, becauſe they feared the people. Howbeit Afarcelus of himſelf did willingly give up
his Conſulfhip, and yet was it no exception to him for his ſervice in the Wars, for they created
him Proconſull, and ſent him again to the Camp at NoL a , Where he did ſeverely puniſh ſuch as
rook Hannibats part : who being advertiſed thereof, came thither with all poſfible ſpeed to help
. them : and even at his firſt coming he offered Aſarcel/us Battell , which he refuſed at that time.
Certain Sp4ni-
ards and Nu-
midians revol-
red from Han-
nibal,
Marcellus the
third time
Conſull ſene
into Sicile,
The ſeverity
of the Romans
ro cowardly
ſouldiers.
Cowards de-
teſted of the
Romans.
Hippocrates
Generall of
the$yracuſians.
Nevertheleſs he took his time , when F7annibal had ſent the beft part of his Army to forage, as
meaning to fight no more Battells : and then he ſet upon him , having given his Footmen long
Pikes, ſuch as they uſe in fight upon the Sea, and taught them alſo, how to hurt the Enemy a-
far off, keeping them till in their hands, But the CaxTraGiNians having no kill of their
Pikes, and fighting with ſhort Javelins in their hands, did ftrike down right blowes : which was
the cauſe, that they being ſet upon by the Romans , were driven to turn their backs , and flie
before them. So there were five thouſand of the CaxTHAGINIANS left dead in the field, four
Elephants ſlain, and two taken alive : and furthermore, three days after the Battell, there came
three hundred Horſemen , ſome of them SyaNn1arDs , and other Num1DIAans , that ſubmitted
themſelves to the Romans, Never came there ſuch a misfortune before to Hannibal : who had
of long time kept together in love and amity , an Army aſſembled of ſundry barbarous Nations and
people, Howbeit theſe three hundred continued ever after faithfull to the end , both to Xdarcelluy,
and to all other Lieutenants and Generals of the Romans. Shortly after, Afarcelius being a-
gain choſen Conſull the third time, went into S1C1LE. For Hannibals proſperous ſucceſs and
Victories, had ſo inc the CARTHAGINIANS , as they ſought again to conquer this Iſland ;
and ſpecially: becauſe that after the death of Heronimus the Tyrant, there roſe ſome tumult at Sy.
RAGuSA. Upon which 'occafion the Romans had ſent an Army thither before, and a Prztor
called eAppins : at whoſe hands Afarcelias having received the Army, a great number of the Ro.
MAN 5s becamehumble ſuters ro him , to pray him to aid them in their calamity , which was this ;
Of thoſe that-ſcaped from the Barttel| of Canxe's , ſome ſaved themſelves by flying, other were
taken-Priſoners , of which there' was ſuch a number , as it appeared that Rom had not people
enough left onely to keep the walls. Nevertheleſs thoſe few that remained , their hearts were
ſo great , that for would never redeem the Priſoners , which Hannibal was contented to deliver
them upon ſmall ranſom , but-made a Decree they ſhould not be redeemed : and ſo ſuffered ſome of
them to be killed , others to be ſold for {laves out of Ira.y. And moreover, thoſe that ſaved them-
ſelves by flying, they ſent ſtraight into S1c1Lz : commanding they ſhould not ſet a foot again in
ITALy , whileſt they had Wars with FHarnibal. Theſe were the men that came altogether, and fell
down at Marcellus feet, ſo ſoon as he arrived in S$1c1LE , and humbly beſought him, to appoint
them to ſerve under ſome Enſign , that they might fight to do their Countrey honour and ſervice :
promiſing him with tears running down their cheeks, that their faithfull ſervice then ſhould
witneſs for them , that the overthrow they had at Cannes, fell upon them rather by misfor-
tune , thenthrough lack of courage. Whereupon Marcellus having compaſſion on them, wrote
to the Senate in their favour , and prayed them that they would grant him licence to ſupply the
bands of his Army , as they diminiſhed , with thoſe poor Romans his Countreymen, Many rea-
ſons paſſed too and fro, againſt this ſute : nevertheleſs it was concluded in the end by the Senate,
that the Commonwealth made no reckoning of the ſervice of faint-hearted men like Women :
wherefore if Marcellus thought good of their ſervice , yet it ſhould not be lawfull for bim to
give them any Crowns or rewards -of Honour , for any notable ſervice ſoever they did, as all Ge-
nerals are wont to give to honeft men that ſerve valiantly. This Order of 'the Senate miſliked
Marcellus very much , who athis return home out of $1c1Lz , made his complaint in open Se-
nate, and told them they did him manifeſt wrorig , ro deny him that favour, that having done
the Commonwealth ſuch faithfull ſervice divers times , as he had done, he might nor reftore 0
many poor ROMANS to their Honour again. 'Now when Afarcellzs was in S1C1LE, he
received great hurts and injuries by Hippocrates General 'of the SYRAacus1ans : who, to pleaſure
the CaxTHAGINIANS, and by their means to make himſelf chief Lord of SyRacus a, did put
many RoMAN Citizens to death, Whereupon Marcellus went and laid fiege to the City of the
LEONTINES,, and when he had taken it by afſault , he hurt never a Townſman, nor naturall Ciri-
zen of the ſame ; bur ſuch Traitors as he tound there, who had fled from his Camp, and yeelded
ro the Enemies, them he cauſed to be whipped , and then hanged. But noewithſtanding , Hippo-
crates had cauſed it to be bruited at SYRAcusa , that Afarceliaus bad put all the LxonT1NEs
to the ſword , not ſparing little Children : and afterwards Hippocrates coming thither on the
. Tudden, in the fear and garboil of this falſe bruit, he eafily rook the Ciry, Aarcellus hear-
ing: Hippocrates had taken SYRacusa, left forthwith the LzxonTiNEs, and went with his
whole Army and camped hard by SYRa'cus4 :-and ſent tis Ambafſadours to tell the SyR acu-
STANS truly , what he had done in the City of the LEgnT1Nnzs, and quite contrary to that they
| were
MARCELLVUS. 261
were informed of, Howbeit that prevailednot , for they beleeyed not Aarcellus, becauſe Hippocra- Marcellus be- +
$e; being the ſtronger, had won the City; Whereupon, he began then to approach the Walls , and fiegerh $yra-
to aſſault inevery quarter, as well by Sea as by Land.- CA ppis took charge of them thar gave aſfaulr caſe
by Lavd.” Aarcelxs himſelf with threeſcore Gallies of tive Oars at every bank, well armed, and
full of all ſorts of Artillery and Fire-works,, did afſault by Sea, and rowed hard to the Wall, having
. made a great Engine, and device of Battery, upon eight Gallies chained together, to batter the Wall :
truſting in the great myltitude of his Engines of Battery , and to all fuch neceſſary proviſion as
he had for Wars , as alſo in his own reputation. But Archimedes made light account of all his de- Archimedes a
vices, as indeed they were nothing comparable to the Engines himſelf bad invented : and yet notable M4-
were not his own ſuch, as himſelt did reckon of, to ſhew ſingularity of work and device. For ***ician,
thoſe he had made , were but his recreations of Geometry, and things done to paſs the time
with, at the requeſt of King, Hieron : who had prayed him to call to mind a little his Geometricall
ſpeculation, and to apply it to things corporall and ſenſible , and to make the reaſon of it demon-
ſtrative and plain, to the underſtanding of the common people by experiment, and to the be-
nefir and commodity of uſe, "For this inventive art to frame Inſtruments and Engines ( which are
called mechanicall , or organicall , ſo highly commended and eſteemed of all ſorts of people ) were
firſt ſer forth by Architas and by Eudoxms, partly to beautifie a little the ſcience of Geometry by , ,.
this fineneſs , and partly to prove and confirm by materiall examples and ſenſible inſtruments , _—_ =
certain Geometricall concluſions, - whereof. a man cannot find out the conceivable demonftra- 1,,us arc;he-
tions , by enforced reaſons and proofs. As that concluſion which inftruteth one to ſearch out maticians.
two lines mean proportionall, which cannot be proved by reaſon demonſtrative : and yet not-
withſtanding is 4 principle and an accepted ground , for many things which are contained in the
art of portraiture, Both 'of them have faſhioned it ro the workmanſhip of certain Inſtruments,
called Meſolabes or Meſographes , which ſerve to find theſe mean lines proportionall , by draw- Why Plato re-
ing certain curve lines, and overthwart and oblike ſections, But after that , Plato was offended proved Eudox-
with ther , and maintained againſt them, that they did utterly corrupt and diſgrace the worthi- ** 22d Archirss
neſs and excellency of Geometry , making it to deſcend from things not comprehenſible , and
without body , unto things ſenſible and materiall , and to bring it ro a palpable ſubſtance, where
the vile and bafe handy-work of man is to be employed : fince that time I fay , handy craft, or the
art of Engines, came to be ſeparated from Geometry, and being long time diſpoſed by the Phi-
loſophers, it &me to be'one of the warlike arts. But Archimedes having told King Heron, bis Kinſ-
man and very Friend , that it was poſſible to remove. as great a weight as he would , with as little
ſtrengh as he liſted to put to it ; and boaſting himſelt thus ( as they report of him) ard truſting
to the force of his reaſons, wherewith he proved this ,conclufion', that if there were another Globe
of earth , he was able to remove this of ours, and pals it over to the other : King Hieroz wondring
to hear him , required-him to put this device in execution , and to make him ſee by experience,
ſome great and heavy my removed by little force. So Archimedes cabght hold with a Hook of 6
one of the greateſt Carets or Hulkes of the King, (thatto draw it to thethore out of the water, re- - _
quired a'marvellous number of people to go about it, and was hardly to be done ſo ) and put a gine drew one
preat number of men more into her, then her ordinary burthen : and be himfelf fitting alone at of the greareſt
his eaſe afar off , without any ſtraining atall, drawing the end of an- Engine with many wheels and bulks Hieron
pullies, fair and ſoftly with his hand , made it come as gently and ſmoothly to him, as it had flo- _—_ had,
ted in the Sea, The King _— ro ſee that ſight, and knowing by proof the greatneſs of his **©
art : heprayed him to make him ſome Engines , both to afſault and defend in all manner of fieges
and affaults. . So Archimedes made him many Engines, but King Heron never occupied any of
them , becauſe he raigned the moſt part of his time in peace, without any Wars.. Burt this proviſion
and munition of Engines , ſerved the SYRacus1aNns turn marvellouſly at that time : and nor
onely the proviſion of the Engines ready made, but alſo the Engineer and Workmaſtet himfelf that
had invented them, Now the SYRacus1ans ſeeing themſelves affaulred by the Roma xs, both
by Sea and by Land , were marvellouſly perplexed , and could not tell what to fay , they were ſo a-
fraid : imagining it was irhpoſlible for them to withſtand ſo great an Army. But when 4rchimedes The wonder-
fell to handle his Engines, and to ſet them at Liberty, there flew in the air infinite kinds of ſhot , and full force of
marvellous great ſtones, with an incredible noiſe and force on the ſudden, upon the Footmen ——
that came to aſſault the City by Land, bearing down and tearing in pieces all thoſe which came pre 6 ſiege
againſt them, or in what place ſoever they liohred , no earthly body being able to reſiſt the violence of $yracyz.
of ſo heavy a weight : fo that all their ranks were marvellouſly diſordered. And as for the Gallies
that gave afſault by Sea , ſome were ſunk with long pieces of Timber like unto the Yards of ſhips ,
whereto they faſten their ſayls , which were ſuddenly blown over the Walis with force of theſe En-
+ gimes into their Gallies , and ſo ſunk them by their over great weight. Other being hoiſed up by
the Prooes with hands of Iron, and Hooks made like Cranes bills, plunged their Poups into the
Sea, Other being taken up with certain Engines faſtened within , one contrary to the other , made
them turn in. the air like a Whirlegig , and ſo caſt them upon the Rocks by the Town walls, and
ſpliced them all to fitters, to the great ſpoil and murther of the Perſons that were within them,
And fometinies the Ships and Gallies were lift clean out of the Water , that it was a fearſull thing
to ſee them hang and turn in the air as they did : untill that caſting their Men within them ©-
ver the Hatches , ſome here, ſome there, by this terrible turning , they came in ihe end to be emp-
ty, and to break againſt the Walls , or. elſe to fall into the Sea again , when their Engines left heir
| F* | Z 3
=_ /
M ARCEL LUS.
Marcellus won-
dred at Archi-
eneder Engines.
Archimedes
4% © Ye
earned.
*this means ſend all the force and fury of their ſtones an
hold. Now for Marcellus Engine, which he brought againſt the Walls , upon a Bridge made of
Gallies joyned together : that was called Sambuca , by reaſon of the faſhion it* had like to an inſtru-
ment of mufick of the ſame name , which is a Harp, The ſame being yet a good pretty way off
from the Walls , there fell a great ſtone upon it ſent from, the Walls, weighing ten Talenes : then a
ſecond after that, and a third one after that , the which falling all into this Engine with ſuch a thunder
and terrible tempeſt, brake the foundation of the Engine-, and tore all the Bridge of the Gallies *
joyned together in pieces, that ſuſtained ir. So that Aſarcelus being amazed withall, not knowing
well what it meant, was glad to retire quickly 5 and ſent to make his Trampet ſound to retreat to
thoſe that gave afſault by Land. Hereupon they ſate in counſel} to determine what was to be done,
and they reſolved, that the next morning before day they ſhould approach the Walls if it were poſ-
ſible : becauſe that Archimedes Engines , which were _ ſtrong and hard wound up , ſhould by
ſhot over their heads, and that near
hand alſo he could do no good with them , for that they had not the ſcope of their levell and car.
riage they ſhould have, But Archimedes bad prevented this device by long preparation before ,
having made proviſion of Engines for far and near , the levell and carriage whereof was propor.
tioned for all diſtances ; their ſhot ſhort , their Arrows not very long, many holes and arches in the
Walls one hard by another , where there were ſtore of Crosbows to kill near at hand , ſet in
ſuch places, as the Enemies could not ſee them withour, Wherefore, when, the Rowaxs
thought to approach , thinking they had been ſafe and cloſe, and no man ſaw them : it amazed them
all when they were received again with infinite ſhot, and ftricken to the gn with ſtones that
fell upon their heads like lead : (for there was no part of all the Walls, from whence they had nor
the like ſhot.) Whereupon they were forced again to retire from the Walls, And yet when they
were further off from them , the Arrows, ftones, and other kind of ſhot, that flew in every place
among them , killed a great number of them, ſcattered far from thence : ſo that many of them
were {lain and ſore wounded, and divers of their Ships ſplitted , and they not once able to be
, nor to hurt their Enemies , becauſe Archimedes hid placed his Engines very cloſely be-
hind the Walls, and not upon the Walls in” ſight of the Enemy. So that it appeared the gods fought
againft the ROMans, they were ſo ſlain and wounded, and yet they could not tell how, nor
by whom, Notwi ing, Marcellus elcaped with life, ſafe frome hurt, 'and mocking his
Workmaſters and Engi & had in his Camp , be faid unto them ; What ſhall we not leave to
make Wars with this Briarian Engineer and Geometrician here? who fitting fill upon the Wharfe
in ſporting manner hath with ſhame overthrown our Nayy , and exceeded all the fabulous hun-
dred hands of the Giants , diſcharging at oneinſtant ſo many ſhot among us? For indeed, all the
relidue of the SYRAcus1Aans , were asthe body and members of Archimedes preparatipn : and
he himſelf was the onely creature that moved and did all, all Weapons elſe being quiet , is En-
gines onely occupied, to aſſault and defend, At thelength ſercelius ſeeing bis men thus” afraid,
as if they did bur, ſee the end of a Rope, or any piece of Timber upon the Wall, they ran away,
crying out , that Archimedes was letting looſg-ſome of his Engines upon them : he would no
more approach the Walls, nor give affault, determining to ſee if he could win it by long ſiege, Not-
withſtanding , Archimedes had ſucha great mind, and was ſo profoundly learned , having hidden
in him the onely treaſure and ſecrets of Geometricall inventions , as he would never et forth
any Book how to make all theſe, warlike Engines , which wan him art that time the fame and glo-
ry, Hot of mans knowledge , but rather of divine wiſdom, But he eſteeming all kind of handi-
craft and invention to make Engines , and generally all manner of Sciences bringing common com-
modity by the uſe of them , to be but vile , beggery , and mercenary droſs : employed his wit and
ſtudy onely to write things, the beauty and ſubrilry whereof , were not mingled any thing at all
with neceſliry. For all that he bath written, are Geometricall propoſitions , which are without
compariſon of any other writings whatſoever : becauſe the ſubje&t whereof they treat , doth ap-
pear by demonſtration, the m—__ them the grace and the greatneſs, and the demon-
ftration proving it ſo exquiſitely , with wonderfull reaſon and facility , as it is not repugnable. For
in all Geometry are not to be { more profound and difficult matters written, in more plain
and ſimple tearms , and by more eafie principles, then thoſe which he hath invented. Now
ſome do impute this , to the ſharpneſs of his wit and underſtanding , which was a naturall gift
in him : other do refer it to the extream pains he took , which made theſe things come ſo ea-
fily fromhim , that ſeemed as if they had been no trouble to him at all. For no man living
of himfelf can deviſe the demonſtration of his Propoſitions , what pains ſoever he take to ſeek
it : and yet ſtraight ſo ſoon as he cometh to declare and open it , every man then imagineth with
himſelf he could have found it out well enough, he can then ſo plainly make demonſtration of .
the thing he meaneth to ſhew. And therefore that methinks is like enough to be true , which they
write of him : that he was ſo raviſhed and drunk with the ſweet enticements of this Syren , which
as it were lay continually with him, as he forgot his meat and drink , and was careleſs otherwiſe
of himſelf , that oftentimes his ſervants got him againſt his will to the Baths, to waſh and annoint
him : and yet being there , he would ever be drawing out of the Geometricall figures, even in the
very imbers of the chimney. And while . they were annointing of him with Oyls and ſweet (a-
vours , with his finger he did draw lines upon his naked body : ſo far was he taken from himſelf, and
brought into an extaſie or trance, with the delight he had in' the ftudy of Geometry , being
raviſhed with the love of the Muſes, But among many notable things he deviſed , it any”
at
Sad
Po
a *
0
SN
' City, in the turning of a hand, ſpoiled and brought ro nought. For it is ſaid, rhat the riches and
with they meaſure the greatneſs o
MARCELLVUS. 263
that they moſt eſteemed the demonſtration of the proportion berween the Cylinder ( to wit, the Archimedes de-
round oblumn ) and the ſphere or-globe contained in the ſame : for he prayed his Kinſmen and monttration
Friends , that after -his death they would put a Cylinder upon his Tomb, containing 4 maſſie hay Cylin-
ſphere, with an inſcription of the-proportion , whereof the continent exceedeth the thing con- ©"
rained. -.S0 Archimedes. being asi:you bave heard, did as much as lay in him , both to fave himſelf
and SyRAcus A frotti taking. Burnow again to Meateelius, Marcelins during the fiege at Sy & a < Marcellus Vi-
cus 4, wan the Ciry of MEGAREs mn4SIC1LE, one of the ancienteſt Cities in all the Uland : and he Rories in
took beſides , the Camp of Heppocrares, lying by Ac1LE s, where he ſlew above 8000 men, ſurpri- 5%
ſing them upon the ſudden , even as-they: were preparing to lodge, and to fortifie their Camp.
Then he overcame a great part of the Champion Countrey of S1c11.s , and madethe Cities to rebell
that rook the CARTHAGINIA NS part': andinall the Battels he fought , he ever overcame them
that durſt bid him Battell. It chanced afterwards, that he rook a Lactvamontan Captain pri- Danippus 3 Ls
ſoner, called Danippms' -: even as he came out of SYRacusa by Sea. The Syracus1a ns defirous ;clemonien
tro redeem him , ſet to him to pray he might be ranſomed. They made many parlies about his Caprain ta-
ranſom, and drew our this praCtiſe. to divers meetings : untill Afarcellus had taken good marks Ke" priſoner.
of a certain Tower , that had no. great watch ſet upon it , and into the which he might ſecretly
convey a certain number- of men , the Wall of the City in that place being no very hard thin
to ſcale. Therefore when he had given good gueſs by eſtimation ar the height of that Tower , by of-
ren approaching to it , having parlied many a time hard by it : he provided Skaling Ladders, and
rook. the opportunity of a Feaſt which the SYRAcus1ans ſolemnized in the honour of Diana , on ;
which day they gave themſelves to all feaſting, ſporting and plays, So he took not onely the Tower, Mercellur win-
but filled all the Walls round about with armed men before day , and brake open the main gate and neth Syracuſ4,
entry of the City called Hexapile, And as the SrxA cus1ans began to ſtir, perceiving the Ro-
MANS On the Walls, Afarcellus made his men ſound their Trumpers on every ſide, Whereupon
the SY RACUSIANS wereſo afraid and amazed, that they began to fly , thinking all the Ciry beſides
had been taken , where indeed the greateſt and ftrongeſt part of the Ciry called Aczavixa , 4,r.tins.
was not yet touched : becauſe it is wallet] in round abou , and ſeparated from the reſt of the City,
which is divided into two other parts, the one called thenew Ciry , and the other Fortune. The two
parts whereof being wen , Marcells by the break of the day torced in by the gate or efitry of the
Hexapike, And when his Captains told him he was happy, to win ſo y a City fo eaſily :
ſay that he (wonng about him , and conſidering he greatneſs and Rtatelineſs of the ſame ) wept
for very pity , forelecing whereto it-ſhould come, thinking with himſelf what a ſudden
it ſhould have, when his Army came to ſpoil and ſack the fame, For there was not a Captain that
durſt deny the Souldiers when they demanded the ſpoil, and yet were there many that would
needs laave it -burnt and raſed to the ground. But Afarcelus would not agreeto that in any caſe ; percetus gens
and beſides, it was ſore againſt his mind to grant them the ſpoil of the goods and ſlaves : ftraight- tlenes, #
ly commanding them notwithſtanding , not to lay hands on any free-man, and not to kifl, hurt, nor
to make any SYRACUSIAN flave, Wherein, though he ſhewed great favour and m_ it grie=
ved him to ſee ſo famous a City , brought to that miſerable ſtate : and in the midſt © Ul he joy he
had for his Victory , he could not refrain from weeping tor pity , to ſee ſo rich and wealthy a
Rich ſpoils at
goods taken away at the fack of SYRacusA, were nothing inferiour ro the ſpoils of Car- Syracuſe,
THAGE, which was alſo ſacked not long after that : for the other part of the City of Syrzacusa
called ACRADINA , was ſoon after alſo taken by treaſon , and ſpoiled againſt the Captains wills,
ſaving the Kings Treaſure, which was reſerved to be carried tothe common Treaſure of Rouz, Sy-
RACUSA being taken}, nothing grieved Afarcelixs more , then the loſs of Archimedes : who being
in his Rudy when the Ciry was taken , buſily ſeeking out by himſelf the demonſtration of ſome Archimedes
Geometrical propoſicion which he had drawn in figure, and ſo earneſtly occupied therein, as —
he never ſaw nor heard any noiſe of Enemies that ran up and down the City, and much leſs his ſtudy. ”
knew it was taken : he wondred when he ſaw a Souldier by him , that bade him go with him to
Marcellss, Notwithſtanding, be ſpake to the Souldier , and bade him tarry untill he had done his
concluſign, and it to demonſtration : but the Souldier being angry with his anſwer , drew
out his Sword and killed him, Other ſay , that the Roman Souldier when he came, offered the Divers opi-
Swords point to him to kill him : ad that Archimedes when be ſaw him , prayed him to hold his nions of 4r-
hand a little, that he might not leave the matter he looked for unperfet, without demonſtration, chimedes death
But the Souldier making no reckoning of his ſpeculation , killed him preſently. Ir is reported a third
way alſo, ſaying , that certain Souldiers met him in the ſtreets goingto Aarcebus, carrying certain
Mathematicall apinetiale prety coffer, as Dials for the Sun , Spheres and Angles , where-
l the body of the Sun by view : and they ſuppoſing he had ca-
ried ſome Gold orSilver, or other precious Jewels in that little coffer, flew him tor it, Bur it is moſt
true , that Marcellus was marvellous ſorry for his death, and ever after hated the villain that ſlew
him , as a curſed and execrable perſon : and how he made alſo marvellous much afterwards of Ar-
cbimedes Kin{men for his ſake, The Romans were eſteemed of at that time by all Nations , for
marvellous expert Souldiers, and taken for very valiarit and dangerous men to be dealt with : but
they never ſhewed any example of their clemency and courteſie, and leſt of all of any civill man-
ner to any ſtrangers , untill eIſarcelxs taught the way , whoſe aRs did ſhew the Gxzcta NS MarceRus cle.
then , that the ROMans were more gracious and mercifull then they, For be did ſo courte- mency.
oully
264. MARCELLUS.
ouſly intreat thoſe that had to do with him , and ſhewed ſuch favour' to private perſons, and alſo
ro whole Cities : that if there were any cruelty ſhewed inthe-Cities of:-ExNA , or at Mz&ax+'s,
or againſt the SYRACUuSIANS, it was rather through their-own fault! and folly:that were hurt, then
theirs that did them the hurt. And for proof, hereof, 1 will recite you one example onely among
- Engyuma Ciry many. There is a City in S1C1CE called ENGyyM , \it i506 great thing , but a: very ancient City
in Sicile, of Name, by reaſon of the traffick thither , for that there-are certain. goddeſſes to be ſeen'; whom
they worſhip, called the Mothers. Some ſay the CxETANS were the firſt- builders and founders
of the Temple there, where you ſhall ſee Spears and Helmets of -Copper, and upon them are gra-
ven the Name of « Heriones : and upon others, Viyſſes Narne-alſo , which are conſecrated to theſe
goddeſſes. This City ſtood altogether at the devotion of.the CarTHAGINIANS : and Nicias
being the chiefeſt man of the ſame , was all he might againſt:ix , 'and perſwaded'them openly in all
their councils to: take part with the Rox aN's., proving /it- by : many reaſons," that his Enemies
' counſelling the contrary , were unprofitable members of the Commonwealth. Whereupon Ni-
| c54s Enemies fearing his greatneſs and authority, they did-conſpire among -themſelves to appre-
+.» hendhim, and to deliver him to the CARTHAGINIANS, But Nic+ as bearing of ſuch a matter, and
' * finding that they lay in wait to. take him , uſed this policy to prevent their rreafon.. He gave 'out
Nicia craft, openly very ill ſpeeches againſt the goddeſſes, and did' /many . things in derogation of their ho-
nour : and ſaid the ſight of them ( which was a matter of great credit ) was bur a'device , and that
there was no credit to be given to them. Theſe words tickled his Enetnies j\ imagining thar the
common people would lay the miſchief they. -pretended. againſt him , -ro tijaſelf, as the onely
. v..-.». cauſer of his own hurt, So they baving appointed a day to -apprehend 'him , by chance a com-
- mon Counſell was kept that day they had determined of : whete- Nicias ſpeaking to the people a-
' bout matters of counſell , in the midft of his Oration he fell ro the ground), -tothe great wonder of
the whole aſſembly , as every man may conjecture. Howhbeit, never 'a tan ftirred ;'and a pretty
while after he began to lift up his heada little , and to look: gaſtly about him 5 with a faint trem-
bling voice, which he ſtill gathered bigher and lowder by little and little, until} he {aw all the peo-
ple wondrouſly afraid and amazed, that.not., one 6f” them ' durſt” ſpeak, + Then throwing his
Gown from him, and renting his Coat , he got upon his: feet half naked ;/ and+ ran towards the
cate of the Theater , crying' out that the goddeſſes Mothers did torment him : and not a man durſt
once come near him , nor offer.to ſtop him, rhey- were ſo ſuperſtitious and fooliſhly afraid of the
goddeſſes , imagining it was ſome divine puniſhment, But by this means'he eaſily got to the gates
of the City ,.and fled from them all , and he-was never ſeen- after that time , to do or ſpeak like a
mad man inany thing. His Wife that was made. privy to his device, and furthered his intent , went
firſt and fell down on her knees before the goddefſes mothers in the Temple , as if ſhe had heartily
| prayedunto them : and faining afterwards ſhe would go-ſeek her Husband,, - that ran up and down
". *_ the fields likeamad man, ſhe went out of the City with her little Children ,-and no body troubled
F ; her. Thus did they eſcape without danger, and went unto Afarcellxs to SYRAcusa. The EnG1t-
NIANS afterwards played ſuch inſolent parts , that Marce{us in the end went thither , and cauſcd
them all to be taken and bound , as though he would have put them to execution. - But Nictas came
to him with tears in his eyes, and embracing his knees , and kiſſing his hands, beſought him to
good nature of ' Nic3as ſo pacified Marcellus wrath , that he pardoned them al}, and did no hurt to
- | theCity, and gave Nic4as certain Land , beſides many other rich -gifts he beftowed upon him. Thus
Marcellus the it is reported in the Hiſtory of Poſidonixs the Philoſopher, ' Now Marcellus being ſent for home
_ by the Romans, becauſe they had Wars in their own Countrey , and even at ROME gates : he
enerſe and departed out of SICILE returning towards ROMs , and carried the goodlieft Tables, Pictures, and
curious Tables Statues, and other ſuch Ornaments as were in SYRAcus A , meaning firſt to beautifie his Triumph
and Pictures with them , and to leave them afterwards for an Ornament of Rot , which before that time , ne-
into Howes "ot ver knew what ſuch curious works meant. For, this fineneſs, and curious Tables and imagery , ne-
pn _ ver came into ROME befoxg, but was throughly ſer our with Armour and Weapons of barbarous
people, and with bloudy ſpoils, and was alſo crowned with monuments of ViRories and Triumphs of
diyers Enemies, which were no pleaſant, but rather fearfull fights to look upon , far unfit for temi-
nine eyes. But even as Epaminondas called the plain of BO#oT 1 a, Mars his ſcaffold , where he kept
his Games : and Xenophor alſo called the City of Ey#zsus, the Armourers ſhop ; even ſo me thinks
( as Pandarw laid ) they might rightly have termed Roms, the Temple of Mars fighting. And this
wan the peoples good wills much more to Aſarcelxs, becauſe he did ſo paſlingly fet forth Roms with
ſuch excellent fine toys of GrztcE. But Fabins Maximus on the other fide, was better beloved
of the'old men, becauſe he brought no ſuch toys with him from the City of Taxz nTum , when he
wan it, Indeed hebrought away Gold and ready Coin , and much other goods that were profitable;
but for Images and Tables, he lefe them ſtanding in their places, ſpeaking a thing of great note; Let us
leavethe TARENTINES their gods offended with them. And "furthermore the Noblemen were
angry with earcellus, laying , that by this a& he had purchaſed Roms great malice and hate. Firſt,
becauſe he did not ray lead men Priſoners in his Triumph, but the godsalſo : and ſecondly,becaule he
had filled the people full of prittle prattle , and idle curioficy , ſpending the whole day in gazing,
and wondring at the excellency of the Workmen, and of the Works ; where before they would fall ro
their labour, or elſe they went to the Wars, not being acquainted with curioſity, nor idle life , as E#-
. ripides Taid, ſpeaking of Hercnles : p1
take pity upon his poor Citizens , beginning with thoſe that were his greateſt Enemies, This:
FRA 5 kw w i. 2
MARCELLVUS.
1n wicked praltiſes he ſimple was to ſee ,
But he exceld in vertuous deeds, and feats that worthy be,
Notwithſtanding, e Harcellxe did glory among the Grzcrans themſelves ; ſaying that he
had taught the Rowan's to eſteem the wonderfull works of GrEEctz , which . ty knew
not before, But at his return out of $1c11E , his Enemies procured , that his honour of Triumph
was denied him. So Marcellxs knowing that he had yer left ſomewhat to do in S1c11s , and
that the War was not altogether ended, and fearing beſides left a third Triumph would make
him too much envied : he was contented with good will to have the honour of the great Triumph
in the Mountain of A134 onely : and of the little Triumph, in the City of Roms. This manner of
lictle Triumph is called in Greek Evan , and the Romans call it Ovatio. And this difference there
is between them :; that in the Ovation Triumph, the party ro whom it is granted , doth not enter
into the City upon a triumphing Chariot drawn with four Horſes , nor doth carry any Laurell
upon his head in token of Triumph , nor hath any Trumpets or horns blown before him, butdoth
march on foot with a pair of ſlippers on his feet , having Flutes and Howbowes playing before
him, and wearing a Garland of Fir-tree upon his head :' 10 as this manner of entry is nothing war-
like , and is rather a pleaſant then fearfull fight, Whereby it plainly appeareth, that theſe two
kinds of entries they granted to the Captains , returning from the Wars with Victory , were
diſtinguiſhed in the old time, rather by the manner, then by the greatneſs of their doings.
For ſuch as had overcome their Enemies by great faughter and bloudy Battells , they did
make their entry with pomp of Triumph, that was altogether martiall and terrible, followed
with their Souldiers armed, and crowned with Laurel] Garlands, as their cuſtom was in muſter-
ing their Camp inthe Wars. But they on the contrary fide, that without any exploit of arms
returned home with Victory, either by peaceable means, or by force of their eloquence; the
Law granted them the honour of 0varion Triumph , which was quiet, and full of all joy and
mirth, For the Flute is an inſtrument of pleaſure belonging to Peace , and the Fir-tree is a tree
conſecrated to Yenws, which goddeſs, above all gods and goddeſſes doth moſt dereſt Wars.
This ſecond kind of entry was called Ovation, not as many GRECIANs have taken it, coming
of this word Evan , which is a voice and Song of joy, although they did uſe alſo to accompany the
Captains making their entry in this ſort, crying , and finging Evan - but there were certain
GREC1ANS that would have fetched the deriyation - of this word , from an old common cu-
ſtom they had : and were of opinion beſides, that part of this honour did appertain to god
Bacchus , whoſe ſurname we call Eviws, and ſometimes Triambwus ; Howbeit this is notthe true
derivation of the name, bur after this ſort, Ar the great Triumph and entry made, the Captain or
Generall that triumpheth as a Conquerour , did offer the Sacrifice ( by the old Orders and ancient
Cuſtoms of Rows ) one or divers Oxen ; where at the ſecond Triumph called the Ovation , he
onely ſacrificed a Muxton , which the Romans call in their tongue Ove, and thereof it was cal-
led Ovation. And here by the way is to be noted , the difference betwixt the Law-maker of the
Roman Laws and cuſtoms , and the Law-maker of che LaczDamON1aNs : how each of them
was contrary to the other, in appointing the ſacrifices for Victory. For at SyarTa, the Captain
or Generall that had done his feat by policy or friendſhip , the Sacrifice he did offer up to the gods,
was an Ox : and he that by force, and bloudy Battell bad obtained Victory, onely offered up a Cock
for ſacrifice, For though they were very good Souldiers, yet the — better of his ſervice ,
that by his wiſdom and wiſe perſwaſions obtained ViRtory , then of his, that wan it by valiantneſs
Marcellus en-
treth into Rome
with Ovation
triumph,
What the O-
vation tri-
umph is,
Ovation
whereof it is
called,
The ſacrifices
of the grear
triumph.
The lacrifices
of the lictle tri-
amph Oya-
tion,
The difference
berwixt the
Spartans and
Romans in
their ſacrifices
and force of arms, Thus you may ſee which of theſe two Law-makers had beſt reaſon by his Or- for vieory.
dinances, But now to Marcelxs again, He being choſen Conſull the tourth time , his Enemies and
evil willers did ſtir up the SYRacus14ans againſt him , and perſwaded them to complain to
The Syr4cu-
the Senate of him , that he had cruelly and uncourteoully uſed them , contrary to the ancient fins accuſe
League and alliances made long before with the Romans. Adarcells being ſacrificing one day
in the Capitoll , while the Senate were ſet in counſel, the SYkacus1ans Deputies came before
them , and kneeling down beſought them to give them audience , and that they would do them
juſtice, The other Condull that was preſent rebuked them : being angry that they had ſo maliciouſly
ſpied the occaſion of Marcellus abſence, But when Marcellus heard of it, he ſtraight leit off all, and
came to the Senate, and firſt ſate bim down in his Conſulls chair , where he gave audience as
Conſull , and diſpatched divers Cauſes ; when he had ſo done, he roſe out of his chair and came
down among them , ſtanding as a private perſon to anſwer at the Barr, as other offendors and
men accuſed , ſuffering the £YRacus1ans'to alledge and ſay againſt him what they would. Then
werethe SYRacusIaNs blank , when they ſaw the majefly of Aſarcellxs, and his ſtaied counte-
nance 4n all things : and as they had found him before a very valiant man in Wars , and unconque-
rable, they found him then a man no leſs dreadfull in bis Conſulls robe : ſo that they hung down
their heads, and durſt not look him in the face. Notwithſtanding they being ſuborned by his Ene-
mies , began at the length boldly ro accuſe him, and yet with ſorrow and lamentation, the effeR
whereof was this : That they being the Romans friends and contederates, had abidden ſuch
injuries at Marcelixs hands, as all other Generalls never offered their very Enemies. Whereto Aar-
cellus ſtraight anſwered again to the contrary : That for many injuries the Rox a Ns had recei-
ved of them , they ſuffered nothing but that which was unpatbble they ſhould not ſuffer , thar re-
liſted uncill they were taken by force : and yet they mightthank themtelves for any thing they ſuf-
fered,, becauſe they would not obey nor conſent to reaſonable capitulations and Arricles of _
whic
Marcellus,
266
MARCELLVUS.
Marcellus con-
ſancy, ,
Marcellus cour-
rebie to the
Syracuſuans.
Marcellus afts
againſt Hanni-
bal in his fouth
Conſulſhip.
Cneus Fnlvius
Viceconſul
flain in Apulia
by Hannibal.
Marcellus
fonghr a battell
with Hannibal
at Numiſtron
in Apnlia.
The Dictator
choſen by the
Conlul orPrz-
ror, not by the
People or Se-
nate.
Whereof
Di&ator com-
ech.
which he had oftentimes offered them. And again , they could not alledge for their excuſe, that
the Tyrants had compelled: them ro make Wars : when they to the contrary becaule they would
enter into Wars , were contented to be ſubject ro a Tyrant. So , when both parties had {poken their
minds, the SYRAacus1ans (asthe manner is) went out of the Senate houſe, and Afarcellzs alſo lea-
ving his fellow Conſul in his place in the Senate , and tarried without the door, attending the ſen-
tence of the Senate, never altering his countenance nor wonted look , neither for fear of ſentence
nor for malice nor anger againſt the SY RAcus1AaNs, quietly looking for his judgement. Afterwards
when the Senatours voices were gathered together, and that Aſarce/is was cleared by moſt voices :
then the SYRAcus1aNns fell down at his feet weeping , and beſought him not to wreak his anger
upon them that were preſent , and moreover that he. would have compaſſion on the reſidue of the
Citizens, who did acknowledge his great grace and favour extended to them , and confeſſed them..
ſelves bound to him for ever. e Marcellus moved with pity by their intreaty, he pardoned them , and
ever after did to the SYRAcus1aNs what pleaſure he could poſfibly. For through his intreaty and
requeſt , the Senate did confirm and ratifie this Grant unto them , which was, that they might uſe
the liberty and benefit of their own Laws, and quietly enjoy their goods alſo which were left them.
To requite the ſpeciall grace procured them by Marcellxs , the SYRACuSIANS gave him many ho.
nours, and among others they made a Law, thatever after as oft as any of Afarcellus Name or Houſe
came into SICILE , theSYRACUSIA Ns ſhould keep a ſolemn Feaſt, with Garlands on their heads,
and ſhould alſo ſacrifice unto the gods. After this, Marcelxs went againſt Hanmbal: and where all the
other Conſulls almoſt , and Generalls, after* the overthrow at CanNes , had uſed this onely policy
with him, not to come to Bartell : he took a contrary courſe to them all , thinking that tra of time
( whereby they thought ro eat out Hanmbals force ) was rather a direct conſuming and deſtroying
of all TraALy : and that Fabizs Maximus ſtanding too much upon _ took nor the way to cure
the diſeaſe and weakneſs of the Commonweal of Rome , looking to this War, conſuming by
little and little the ftrength and power of Rox =, committing a fearfull Phyfitians fault and error, be-
ing afraid to heal the patient ſuddenly , imagining that to bring them low , doth leffen the diſeaſe,
So firſt of all he went to befiege certain great Cities of the SAMNn1TEs, which were revolted from
obedience of the RoMAaNs : and thoſe he wan again with a great proviſion of Corn and Money,
he found in them, beſides three thouſand Souldiers Hanmbal had in gariſon there, whom he took pri-
ſoners. Hannibal after that , having ſlain the Viceconſull Cneus Fulvixs in APULIA , with eleven
Tribuni Militum (to wit, Colonels) every one having the charge of a thouſand Footmen, and over-
thrown the greateſt part of his Army : Marcellus wrote Letters to Rome, hoping to comfort the Se-
nate and people, telling he would go thither, and did warrant them he would drive Hannibal out of A-
PULIA, When the ROMa Ns had read his Letters, they were nothing the more comforted , but rather
( as Livy writeth ) more afraid and diſcouraged : becauſe they doubted the danger tro come would be
greater then the loſs paſt , taking «Harcellzs to bea far greater and better Generall , then ever was
Fulvius, Nevertheleſs, Marcellus performing the contents of his Letters written ro ROME, drave
Hannibal out of Apui1a, and made him retire into Lucan1a. And Marcellus finding him in
that countrey , by a City called Num1s TRON, lodged upon hills, and in place of ſtrength and advan-
tage : hecamped hard by him in the valley , and the next morning he was the firſt that preſented
his Enemy Battell, Hannibal on the other fide , came down into the valley, and they joyned Bartell:
which was ſo- cruelly fought, and ſo long time as it could not be diſcerned who had the better.
For the Battell being begun at nine of the Clock in the morning , *twas dark night ere they gave
over, Thenext morning by peep of day , Marcellus ſet his men again in battell ray, in the midſt
of all the dead bodies that lay ſlain in the Field, and challenged Hannibal, to prove who
ſhould have the field , but Hannibal refuſed , and marched his way thence : ſo as Marcellys there-
by had good leiſure left him to ftrip his {lain:Enemies , and alſo to bury his own Souldiers, When
he had finiſhed that, he preſently followed his Enemy by the foot , who laid many ambuſhes for
. him, but he could never trap him in any : and in every incounter or skirmiſh they had toge-
ther Marcellus had: ever the better , which wan him great, fame and credit. Now time being come
about to chuſe new Conſulls , the Senate thought good to ſend rather for the other Conſul that
was in SICILE, then to remove eMarcellxs thence , who had fought with Hannibal. So when
the other Conſul was come to-RomE , the Senate commanded him to name Quintus Fulvins
DiRator , becauſe the Ditator was neither choſen by the People, nor by the Senate : bur one of
the Conſulls or Prztors, in open -aſſembly of the people, nameth ſuch a one DiRator as he liketh
of, Wherefore it ſeemeth, that this word DiRator , came upon that word , naming : for, Dicere in
the Roman tongue, ſignifieth ro name, Howbeit other hold opinion, that he was called DiQta-
tor , becauſe he commandeth of himſelf what he will , without the counſell of the Senate, and the
voices of the people : and this ſeemeth to be true , becauſe the commandments of the Senate of
Rome are called Edifta, which the GREc1ans call Diatagmata. Now the other Conſull and
companion of Xarcellus being come our of S1C1LE , he would needs name another DiRator then
him whom the Senate offered him : and becauſe, he would not be compelled to do that he was
unwilling to do, he ſtole away one night , and returned again into S$1c1ts, Hereupon the people
did name and appoint Quintus Fulvins Diftator , and the Senate wrote their Letters to Marcellns,
to confirm him ; which Aarcellusdid, and authorized the Peoples eleRtion, So he himſelf was cho-
ſen-again Proconſull for the next year following : in the which he having conferred with Fabins
Maximus about the Wars, they were agreed that Fabixs ſhould prove it he could win the City of
TARENTUY
on
— 2D
"2 >
MERGE LARS 267.
TARENTUM again ; and that Aarcellxs in the mean time ſhould keep Hannibal occupied , that Quintus Ful=
he mighr not come to aid ir. This reſolution being taken berween them , Marcellas:went to meer wits choſen *
Hannibat by the Ciry of Canxusun : who as be-ſtil] changed and ſhifted lodging, ' becauſe he DiQator by
would- not'come to che Barcell againſt his will , found Adarcelixs ever in his eye before him; Inſo- the aw nr
much as H41#ibal removing thus bis Camp , Marcellus plied him ſo one day with continual ala- _— 1-
rums' arid skirmiſhes, that he brooghc him to a Bartel] that held all day long till nighr ; and compelled
' them both' to leave off till the next morning : where Marcellus ſhewed' again in field by break of
the day,” in Battell ray.. Whereat Hannibal being in a marvellous rage, he called his ſouldiers together
and made an Oration to them, earneſtly. moving them once again to fight with Marcellus, if ever they 11,nnibats O-
had bererofore fought for his ſake. You ſee, ſaid he, that baving fought ſo-many Battells, and gotten ration to his
ſuch ViRories as we have done, we cannot, yet take 'breath as we would , nor be quiet , how much ſou!diers.
ſoever we win; if we drive not away yonder fellow Aſarcellzs. When Hannibal had ended his O-
ration tothe CARTHAGINIA NS , heled.them on tothe Battell : where 2ſarcellus, to no purpoſe
and out of rime, would needs ſhew Hannibal a ftratagemof war , that turned to. himſelf the worſt.
For "Marceltuz petceiving the right wing of his Army diſtrefſed, made one of his Legions that was
ſer it! ray ini the rereward.of his hoaſt, ro march to the front of his Bartell , to help thoſe thatneeded
aid.” But this removing of - the Legion, troubled them that fought, and gave the Enemies the ViRo-
xy : who ſlew that day two thouſand ſeven hundred of the Romans. So , when Marcellus was acarcetligover-
come agaiti "into his. Canip', he ftraight called his ſouldiers before him , tro whom he ſpake in- this thrown in Bat-
mannet”: That he ſaw # great deal of armour , and bodies of men, but he could ſeeno Roan s. tl! by Hanni-
The RS#a ns — him ſay ſo, beſought him. ro parfon the faulr they had committed, **- © Oy
Martellas anſwered , he would never pardon them,, ſo long asthey were oyercome : but when they _— his
overcome again , he was content to remit all. So the next morning he agreed to bring them again ſouldiers.
ro fight” with” the Enexy , that ſuch-as were at RoME ſhould rather .hear news of their Vidcory,
then-of their running away. When'he had faid , he appointed they ſhould give thoſe bands thac
firſt turned their 't0' Hannibal, Barly for Wheat, So as many of them were in great
danger-of' their lives, for the ſore wounds they had received in the Battell : yer there wasnot a
man of thein , but 27arcellus words did more grieve them then the grievous wounds they had. The
nexe-nibthing berinies was ſer our of the Generals tents, the Coat armour died in skarler, which is
the ordinary ſign of Bartel : and the bands that had received diſhonour the day before, 'were pla-
cedat'rheir own requeſt ini the front of the Bartell. The other Captains beſides, that were not over-
thrown/- did lead their bands alſo to the held, and did ſer them in Batrell ray. Hannibal hearing
of that ctied out : O gods , whata Man is this , that cannot be quiet, neither with good nor ill for- Hannibals
tune? for he is the onely 6dd man, that never giveth reſt ro his Enemies, when he hath overcome words of Mar.
him}, nor takerh any for hirnſelf when he is overcome. , We ſhall neyer have done with him , for ccl/us.
any thing that I ſee, ith ſhame , whether he win or loſe, doth till provoke him to be bolder and
valianter;* After Orations made of both ſides , both Armies marched forwards to joyn Bartell, Battell be-
The ROmAns being as ſtrong as the CARTHAGINIANS, Hanmbal put his Elephants in the viz: Hennibat
vaward and front of his Barttell, and commanded his men to drive them upon the Romans : and ſo —was ogy
they did, Which indeed did ſomewhat trouble and diſorder the firſt ranks of the Romans : —_
untill fuch rime as Flaviss Tribune of the fouldiers , took an Enſign in his hands, and marched Tribunus Mili«
befote- the -beafts , and gave the firſt of them ſuch a thruſt with the point of his Enſign , that he #m. |
made -her turn back. The firſt beaſt being turned back thus, ran upon the ſecond that followed
her ;- and'the ſecond made the third go back alſo, and fo from one to another, untill they all tur-
ned. - Marcellus perceiving that , commanded his Horſmen to ſet upon the Enemies with all the
they could, in that place where he ſaw them ſomewhat troubled with theſe beaſts that tur-
back” again upon them : and ,that they ſhould drive them ffurther in amongſtkhem. Which 2carceltus yi-
they did, and gave ſo' hot a Charge upon the CaRTHa GINIANS, that they made them turn their ory of Han-
backs and run away, and they purſued them till, killing them down right , even to their Camp #4,
fide : where was the greateſt {laughter of all , by reaſon their Elephants that were wounded , fell
down ftark dead within the Gate of their Camp. And they ſay, of the CaxTHaGinians, there
were {lain/at this Batrell , about eight thouſand , and of the Romans onely three thouſand : how-
beir all the reft of them for the moſt part were very ſore hurt. Which fell out very well for Han-
nibal , that he might march away at bis pleaſure, as he did that night , and got him away far off from
Marcelles, as knowing he was riot in ſtate to follow him over ſaddenly , becauſe of the great num-
ber of hurt men in his Carp : and ſo by ſmall journies be went into CamyANta , where helayin 1
arilon alt the Summer, in the Ciry of S1NuEsSE , to heal the wounds of his ſore mangled Soul- in Garifen in
irs: "Hannibal having now gotten himſelf at the length out of Afarce/lus bands, and having his ohe City of $j-
Army free to ſerve him asbe thought good : he burned and deſtroyed all ITaiy where he went , =**fſ< in Cam-
and ſtood no more in fear of any thing. This made Xarcellxs il} ſpoken of at ROE , and cauſed F*%*
his Enemiesto take hold of ſuch a matter againſt him : for they ſtraight raiſed Publins Bibulns Tri- p,pibutus Tri-
bune to accuſe him, who was a hot harebrain man, bur very eloqueyt , and could Yeliver his bune of the =
mind yery well. $0 this Bibxlgs called the people oft to counſell, and rolFMhem there, that they muſt people accu=
needs call home Afarcellus, and appoint ſome other to take thecharge of the Army : for as for him, leth Marcellus.
ſaid he, becauſe he bath fought a lurtle with Hannibal ( and as a man might ſay, wreſtled a little with
him ) he is now gotten tothe Bathesto ſolace himſelf, But Aarcellus bearing this , left his Lieute-
nants in the Camp, and went himſelf to Roe, ro anſwer to the untrue accuſations laid againſt _
an
4
—>z MARCELLVUS.
and there he perceived at his coming , how they intended” to proſecute the matter againſt him
==. | upon theſe informarions. . So a day of hearing was appointed for his matter, and the parties caine be.
Circus, F hi fore the People afſembled in counſell, in the great lift orſhew place, calle, Circiu Flaminixs, to give
RENE. » judgement, There "Publixe Bibulws the Tribune, ſitting in'his chair , laid open his accuſation with
great circumſtance ; and. Marcellus , when Brbulxs bad'told his tale , anſwered him in a few words
and very diſcreetly , onely-touching bis pur tion, ' But the Noble and chief men of the Cir ,
roſe up and ſpake on Aarcellus behalf ,.relling the People plainly thar or; boy Marcellus wrong,
to reckon worſe of his valiantneſs , then their Enemy did : and to judge of him as a coward, conſi-
dering Hannibal onely' fled from him , of all other Captains — bw would by no means tight with
him . never refuling-+0--ight with any other whatſoever, ſe perſwaſions rook ſuch , 2
wheie Marcellus accuſer looked for his condemnation , Martelius to the' contrary, was not onely
Marcellus cleared of his actuſation , but furthermore, they choſe him Conſul againthe fift rime.; So being
choſen Con- entred into his. Office he went firſt into Tuus'CAN : where viſiting the Cities one after another,
ſull che fifr and quietingthem, be pacified a great ſedition in the Countrey , when they were all ready to riſe and
_ rebel]. Afterwards at his return, he thought to conſecrate the Temple of Honour and Vertue, which
The Temples he had built with the ſpoils he got in the wars of S1c1Le. But the Priefts were againſt it, laying,
of honour and two gods might not be in one Church. Thereupon he built another Temple, and joyned it. to the
verrue built by 5,@ "being very angry the Priefts denied ſo his conſecration : and he did take it for an; evil token,
Marcell. \,fides divers other figns in the clement that afterwards appeared , and troubled him,nwch, For
Gens were there were many Temples ſet on fire with lightning at one time ; and the Rats and Mice did gnaw the
ſeen in Rome, Gold that was in the Chappell of ?upiter —__ And it is reported alſo, that an Ox did ſpeak ;
unforranare to anq a Child came out of the Head of an Elephant , and that the Child was aliye, . Furthetmore , the
Marcellus. prieſts and Soothſayers , ſacrificing to the gods, to withdraw the &vil from ihem theſe.{iniſter ro-
kens did threaten : they could never find any favourable ſigns if their ſacrifices, Whereupon
they ſought to keep Marcellus ſtill at ROME , who had a marvellous earneſt defire to be gone with
ſpeed to the wars : for never man longed for gr Peg ſo much, as e Marcellus did, Ky with
Hannibal. Toſomuch as he never-dreamed'other in the, night , nox ſpake of any matter elſe in
the day to his friends and-companions, -nor prayed to the gods for any other thing, but that he might
fight with Hannibal in the Field : and E think he would willingly have fought a priyate combate
with him in ſome walled Ciry or 'incloſed lifts for the combate. And had ir not been thar he had al.
ready won himſelf a great fame , ard ſhewed himſelf to the world (by. ſundry great proofs and
Marcellus experience of his doings ) a grave , $kilful}, and valiant Captain as any man of his time : I would
threeſcore year haye ſaid it had been a pang of youth, and a more ambitious defire, rheri became a man of his age,
ld, ding who was 'threeſcore years :old at that time', when they made him Conſull again. the fift time,
_ ww TY " Nevertheleſs, after he had ended all his propiriatory facrifices and purifications, ſuch as the Sooth-
ime. fayers had appointed , he departed from ROME with his fellow Conſull Quintus Chriſpinxs to the
Q. Chriſpinus wars. He found Hannibal lying between the Cities of Banc1a, and Vs nous a, and ſought all
Conlhl ' Jay the means be could to: procure him x6 fight, but he could never get him to'it. Howbeit Hannibal
Hanna" 7 being advertiſed by ſpials , 'That the Confulls ſent an Army to beſiege the Ciry of the Locz1ans
berwixr the being d/ 7 Y 304 ry
Cities of Ban- ſurnamed EP1ZzEPHYRIANS ( as you would ſay ) the occidentalls , becauſe the Gxzcians in
cia and Yenon-; reſpect of the IT ALIANS, are the orientals : he laid an ambuſh for them that went, under the
fe j; Hillof Per £ L1uMy Which was direRly in their way , where he flew above two thouſand five hundred
_— Peel RoMans. That overthrow did ſet Marcelxs on fire, and make him more defirous of Battell :
whereupon he removed his Camp from the place be lay in, and marched nearer to his Enemy.
Between their two Camps there was a prety little Hill , ftrong of ſituation , a wild thing overgrown
with Wood : and there was high hillocks , from whence they mighr diſcern OG
the one and the others Camps , and at the foot of the ſame ran pretty iprings : Inſomuch as the R0-
An Ambuſh Mans wondred that Hannibal coming thither firſt, did not rake that place, but had left it to
laid by Hanni- his Enemie. Howbeit Hannibal was crafty enough , leaving it of ſe ; Foras it was commo-
bal, dious to lodge his Camp , ſo it ſerved his turn better for an ambuſh, So he filled the Wood , the
hollow places, and the vallies thereabout, with ſtore of ſhot and ſpear-men,, afluring himſelf chat
the place would intice the Romans thither : and indeed he geſlſed rightly, for 10 it fell out,
Straight there flue a rumour abroad in the Romans Camp, there was a paſling. place to
lodge,in, and every man took upon him like a skilfull Souldier , to tell what vantage they ſhould
have upon their Enemies by taking that place, and ſpecially if rhey did _ there, or otherwiſe
- built a fortuponit. Whereupon Marcellus determined to go ſee the place himſelf, taking a few
Horſemen with him. Notwithſtanding , before he would take Horſe, he called for his Soothlayer
In” to ſacrifice to the gods, The firſt beaſt that was ſacrificed , the Soothſayer ſhewed Aarcellcs the
arceli. 1;vet of it without a Head, The ſecond beaſt ſacrificed ; had a fair great Head of a Liver, and all the
other parts were alſo ſound, and very new : that by them it appeared all the fear of the firſt ſigns
and tokens wete taken away. Yet the Soothſayers on the other ſide ſaid , it did make them work:
afraid thert before : for &* ſo favourable and lucky tokens of the ſacrifice , following immedi-
ately after the firſt foul Md naughty figgs , made them doubt them much, by reaſen of fo ſtrange
and ſudden an alteration. Bur as the Poet Pindarm faith : —> :
Nor force of burning fire , nor wall of ſteel nor ſtone,
Nor whatſoever other thing , 34 here this earth upex,
.on which he himſelf-puta Crown of Gol
——— —__—_> —— > ——
M A R CELL U 5;
Can keep aback the __ of fatal deſtiny, | 7
N or yet reſsſt the due decrees, which come from Heaven on hi 9,
——_w_ww Fo eee one
—
—
So Marcellus took his whe, with Quinta Criſpinus his tellow Conſul, and his Son one of the Tri- 04inrus #77
bunes of the Souldiers, having onely two hundred and twenty Horſemen with him, ot the which there pin tellow
was not one ROMAN among them, but all were Tuus cans, ſaving forty FREGELLa x1axs, who ©00'v! with
from the beginning of theſe Wars, had alwaies ſhewed theraſelves very faithſull and loving to Afar. 4%.
cellus, The hill we ſpake of before, being thick covered with Wood and Buſhes, the Enemies had ſet
a Scout to watch on the top of it, to give warning if they ſaw any coming towards it. The Roma xs
could not fee him, and he on the other fide might fee even into their Camp, and perceive what was
done : as he did advertiſe thoſe at that time that lay in ambuſh for Afarcellzs coming : and they ſuffer-
ed him to paſs on, untill he came direQly againſt them. Then they ſhewed upon the ſudden, and com-
paſſing in Afarcellus, they both ſhot and ftrake at him , ſame following them that Red, and other
fighting wich the forry FREGELLANIANS which onely fixek to it : who came roundly in together
(norwi ing the Thus cans were fled) upon the fidit cry they heard, to defend the ewo Conſuls,
untill (ach cirve as che Canſul Criſpinus having two wounds on bis body with a dart, didturn his Horſe
to fly, And withthat, one of the Enemies gave Marcalls fuch aſore blow with a Spear having a broad
Iron head, chathe ran him gaite chrough, The Fx 8GELLaniAaNSs that were left alive, being but a
few inmumiber, ſeeing Mareelws flain, left him lying on theground, and took his Son away with them, Marcellus ain
chat was doxeburt, andy the fwiftneſs of their Hex(es cecovered” their Camp, end fave them. is an ambuth
ſelves, Arthi hrow, therewere not ſlain above forty men, md five and twenty taken Priſoners,
of which five of them were the Conſuls Sergeant, and their Officers that carried Axes before them,
and the other were all Horſemen. Within tew days after, che other Conſul (5ſpinns ded alſo of his The Conſul
hurts, which was ſuch a misforcune, as never came before to the Row a Ns, that both their Conſuls Criſpiaus ſlain,
were (lain at one Battle. Now Hannibal made no great reckoning of all that were ſlain or taken at this
Field : but when he heard that Adarcellus ſelf was (lain at this overthrow , he went himſelf ſtraight to
the place to ſee him, So when he had viewed his body agreat while, ſtanding hard by it, and conſider-
ing his ſtrength, his ſtature, and countenarce, having taken full view of all che parts of him, he (pake
no proud words againſt him, nor ſhewed any glad countenance, as ſome other would bave done, that
had ſlain ſo valiant and dangerous an Enemy : but wondring how he came to be ſlain ſo-ftrangely there,
he cook off his Ring from one of his fingers that ſealed his Letters, and giving-his bedy:buriall accord-
ing to-his eſtate, made.itto be þ ly burnt, and then pur all his bones and aſhes into a dilver por,
L and ſent it unto Aarcelys Son, It fortuned ſa, that cer- xcuiceltur iy
tain\light Horſemen of the Nux.1D14 Ns met with them that carried this Silver pot, and would have nerzl honour-
taken it from them-by force, but they ſtood to it, and would not part withall, and ſo fighting and ftri- <4 by. Hennibs/
ving together for it, the bones and aſhes were ſcattered all about, Hannibal hearing this, ſaid co them
that-were about him : Sec, how nothing can be, which the gods will not. So he puniſhed the Num1-
DIANS, andcared:nomore to,get Adercelius bones together, but perſwaded himſelf it was the will of
their,gods he ſhould die ſo ttrangely, and.that his body ſbould have no buriall. (ornelizs Nepos, and
Valerins Maximus write it thus : but Livy and Auguſtns,(eſar ſay; that the pot was carried unto
his Son, and honourably buried : Adarcellus did conſecrate many Monuments in divers places, befides ;;--
thoſe at Rome. Asat CaTANA inSICILE : a place'for yo men to exerciſe themſelves in. In names:
the Ifle of SAm0THRACIA, in the Temples of the Gods called Cabires : many Imagesand Tables he
brought from SY&a cusa. And inthe Iſle of Linpos, -in the Temple of Adinerya, where among
other, there is a ſtatue of his, and this Epi aven under it, as Poſidonixs the Philoſopher writeth :
O thoumyfriend (1 jay) which paſſe forth by me,
of Claudius Marcellus bere, the Image mayft thou ſee :
Whoſe Family at Rome, was of the nableſt I\ ame.
Seven times be Conſul choſen was, in which he overcame
Great numbers infinite, (in open Field and Fi gor )
Of ſuch as ſought bis Countreys ſpoil, and put them all.to flight.
The Authour of this Epigram reckoneth the two times of his being Vice-Conſul, for two whole Con-
ſulſhips ; bur his Poſterity continued alwaies in great honour; unto Marcellus the Son of Ofavia 1eeel
( Auguſtus Ceſars Siſter) and of Cams Marcellus, He died a young man, being Xdilis of Rows, Aeriey. "TON
and married unto Julis, Auguſtus Daughter, with whom he lived no long time. But to honour the
memory of him, O#42via his Mother built the Library, and Auguſtus {</ar the Theatre, which are.
called ro this day, 2farcellus Theatre and Library,
The End of the Life of Marcellus,
Aa
Ee ts As A As Es os ts ts a
THE COMPARISON OF
e£MARCELLUS with PELOPIDAS.
_
v. ):
\ |
4+ VO YAAT) (4
TV A
%
Heſe are the greateſt things and beſt worthy of memory (in my opinion) of all
Pelopidss and NS Pelopidas and Marcellus doings: and tor their manners and natural conditions
Marcellus a&s AZ otherwiſe, they were all one, becauſe they were both valiant, painfull, and no-
in Wars. 2/32 ble minded: ſaving that this difference onely was berween them, that Aſarcellus
= in many Cities he took by afſault, did cruelly murder them , and ſpilt much
a blood : where £peminondas and Pelopidas contrarily did never put any to the
Iz JESSE Sword they overcame, neither did hy take away the liberty from any City
ICTESWIDSS they rook : as it is thought the THEzBANs would not have handled the Ox -
CHAMENIANS ſo ay as they did, if one, or both of them had been preſent. Now for their aQs,
Marcellus as it wasa noble and wonderfull piece of ſervice that 3farcellus did, with ſo ſmall a company of Horſe-
referred be- Men as he took with him, to overthrow ſo great a company of- Horſemen and Foortmen both, of the
200 Pelopidas. GAUuLS : a thing that never General but himſelf did, and ſpecially that ſlew with his own hands in the
Field, the General of his Enemies : which Pelopidas could never attain unto , for he ſeeking 60 kill
Alexander the Tyrant of PHzrt s, was (lain firlt himſelf, and ſuffered that, which he defired to have
done to another, And yet for that Service may be objeted, the Battles of LeucTREs, and of TzGy-
RA, Which were both famous and notable. But toencounter with thoſe, there was no-notable ambuſh
= —_— or ſecret practiſe done by Marcellus, that was any thing like comparable to that Pelopidas did at his re-
Pelopides turn from exile, when he ſlew the Tyrants that kept THzzz s in bondage, For that was as notable a
deeds. policy and ſudden an enterprize ſtoln upon, as none was ever greater, or more famous. It is true,
Marcellus was yoaked with Hannibal, who was a dreadfull and a violent Enemy : ſo were the Tx-
BANS alſoat that very time with the LaczpzMon1ans, who notwithſtanding were overcome of
Pelopidas, at the Battles of TG yRA, and'SfLeuctrEs. Whereas Marcellxs did never ſo much as
once overcome Hannibal, as —_— writeth, but remained unconquered always, untill that Scipio 0-
vercame him in Battle. Notwi ing, we do give beſt credit tothe reports of (ſar, Livie, Corne-
lins, Nepos, and of King Juba among the GREc1Ans : who write that Aſarcelus other while did 0-
verthrow certain of Hannibals Companies, howbeit they were never no great overthrows to ſpeak of,
and it ſeemeth rather, it was through ſome mockery or deceit of that Arr1can then otherwiſe, Yet
ſure it was a great matter,and worthy much commendation, that the Romans were brought to that cor-
rage, as they durſt abide to fight with the CaxTHAG1 NIANS, after ſo many great overthrows, and
having ſo many Generals of their Armies ſlain in battle, and the whole Empire of Rome being in ſo
Marcellus great danger of utter deſtru&tion, For it was Marcellys onely of all other Generals, that put the Ro-
made the Ro- MANS in heart again, after ſo great and long a fear throughly rooted in them : and incouraged the
mans couragi- Souldiers alſo to long to fight with their Enemy, and not onely to hope, but to aſſure themſelves of Vi-
an Rory, For, where by reaſon of their continual loſſes and fearfull overthrows they had, they thought
themſelves happy men to eſcape Hannibals hands by running away : he taught them to be aſhamed to
fly like cowards, to confeſs they were in diſtreſs, to retire, and leave the Field, before they had over-
come their Enemies, And where Pelopidas wasnever overcome in Battle being General, and eXſar-
cellys did overcome more than any General in. his time : it might ſeem therefore that the great num-
ber of the Victories of the one, ſhould compare with the good hap of the other, that was never
overcome, Ir is true that eAfarcellus took the City of Sy x a cus a, and Pelopidas failed of taking
the City of Sear 4 : but yetdo I think that it was more valiantly done of Pelepidas to come 10
near
PELOPIDAS and eMARCELLUS. wht
near SPARTA as hedid, and that he was the firſt that paſſed the River of EuxoT as with an At-
my, which never Enemy did'betorehim, then ic was of "ra 0 6 vin all StcrLE, Unleſs ſome
peradventure will ſay again, this was E paminondas, not Pelopidez x, aSalſo in the ViRory of Lzuc-
TRES : whereas no man living can challenge any part of Glory in the doings of Marcellxs : for he took
SYRACusA, being onely General alone, and did overthrow the Gants wi his fellow Conlul,
and fought with F/a»nibal, without any mans help or encouragement (for all other were againſt it,
and periwaded the contrary) and he was the firſt tha altered the manner of Wars the Romans uſed
then, and that trained his Souldiers that they durft with the Enemy. For their death, I neither gafinefs th, 5
commend the one nor the other, and the ſtrangeneſs of either of their deaths doth grieve me marvellouſ- Captain de-
ly : as I dogreatly wonder alſo, how Hannibal in ſo many Battles as he foughs (which are innume- ſerverh blame!
rable) coul ſcape unburt, I cannot but _ commend alſo the valiancriels oFone Chry/an- by = —
:45, whom Xenophon ſpeaketh of in his Books of the inſtitution of Cyr#s, ſaying : that he-having lift gjence of Chry-
up his Sword in his hand ready to kill one of his Enemies, and hearing the Trumpet found the Retreat, ſangas a Soul- *
he ſoftly retired, and would not ſtrike him, Howbeit it ſeemerh Pelopsdas is more to be excuſed : for dier. ;
beſide 2k he was very hot and deſirous of Battle, his anger was honourable and juſt; and moved hin
to ſeek revenge, - For as the Poet Exripides ſaith : | | |
The beſt that may betide, i when a Captain lives,
And doth ſurvive the Viftories, which he with force atchieves :
But if he needs muſt fall, then let him» vahantly.
Even thruſt amid the thickeſt throng, and there with honour die.
For ſo becometh his death famous, and not diſhonoyrable. But now, beſides Pelepidas juſt cauſe of
er, yet was there another reſpect that moſt pricked him forward, to do that be did : for he ſaw his
Victory ended, in the dearh of the Tyrant : otherwiſe he hardly ſhould have found ſo noble an occa-
fion to have ſhewed his valiantneſs, as in that. And earcelns contrarily, withour any inſtant neceſ-
firy, and having no cauſe or heat of choler (which purteth all men valiant in Fight themſelves,
that they know not what they do) did raſhly and unadviſedly, thruft himſelf into the middeſt of the
danger, where he died not as a General, but as a Light-horſeman and Scout (abandoning his three
Triumphs, his five Conſulſhips, and his Spoils and tokens of Triumph, which he had of Kings
with his own hands) among venturous SPANIAKDS and Nuxibtans, that ſold Feir blood and
lives for pay unto the CAx THAGINIANS : ſothat ___— they were angry with chemſelyes (as
a man would ſay) for ſo great and happy Victory, to have ſlain amongſt FxEGsLLANIAN Scouts,
and Light-borſemen, the nobleſt and worthieft perſon of the Rowans. 1would no man ſhould think
I ſpeak this in reproach of the memory of theſe two famous men, bur as a grigf onely of them and their COINS
valiantneſs, which they employed ſo, as they blemiſhed all their other v-ctues, by undiſcreet hazard- Geacd « wy
ing of their perſons and lives without cauſe, as if they would and ſhould have died for themſelves, and judgement of
not rather for their Jonry any friends, And alſo when they were ; Pelopidas was buried by the thele famous
Allies and Confederates of the City of Tyz nz, far whoſe cauſe be was {lain : and ;Afarcellus in like _
manner, by the Enemies ſelves that had flain him. And ſure the one is 2 happy thing, and/to be with- 10,271. 19h
ed for in ſuch a caſe : but the other is far above it, and more to be w at : Tharthy Enemy him- nerals unlike;
ſelf ſhould honour his valiantneſs and worthineſs that burr him, more then the Office of friendſhip
performed by athankfull friend. For nothing moverh the Enemy more to honourhisdead Enemy,
then the admiration of his worthineſs: and the friend. ſheweth friendſhip many times, rather for t8-
ſpe& of the benefits be hath received, then for the love he beareth to his Vertue, |
—
#| |
THELIFEOF
A RISTIDES.
| wT —
a :757/DES the Son of 1yſimachnys, was certainly of the Tribe of Antiochides,
=—@ nd ofthe Town'df ALb yEcra. But for his Goods and Wealth they diverſly
| Forſomefay, he lived poorly all the days of his life, and that he
rs, which by reaſon of their p« , lived; unmarried many
| arhers death, And many of the oldeft Writers do confirm that
or troth. © Yet Demerrins Phalerins, in his Book intityled Socrares, writcth
bh T7 y, that he kney certain Lands Ariftde; had inthe Village of Pr4-
(= Te Lin why es antes retire Soren erg body-
is buried. And Furthermore; tothew that he was well to live, and that his houſe was rich and weal.
thy, he bringeth forth theſe proofs. Firft, that he was one year Mayor or Provoſt of Ar#sNs, whom
they called 4rchon Eponymus, becauſe the year took the name of him that had it yearly. And they ay,
he came to it by drawing of the Bean, according to the ancient uſe of the ATHEN1ANSs, arid their won-
ted manner of Arran os EleQion of the ſaid Office : in which EleRionnone were admitted to draw
the Bean, but ſuch as were higheſt ſet in their Subſidy-books, according to the value and rate of their
Goods, whom they called at ATH4zNs, Pentacoſiomedimnes, as you would fay, thoſe that might dil-
pend five hundred buſhels of Wheat by the year, and upwards. Secondly, he alledgeth he was baniſhed
by the Oftraciſmon, which baniſheth the Nobiliry and great rich men onely, whom the common Peo-
ple envy becauſe of their greatneſs, and never dealeth with poor men.The third and laſt reaſon he makes,
15, that heleft of his gift, three-footed Stools inthe Temple of Bacchus, which thoſe do commonly
offer up, as have won the viRtory in Comedies, Tragedies, or other ſuch like paſtimes, where they them-
ſelves had born the charge. And thoſe three-footed Stools remain there yer, which they ſay were given
by Arsſt:des,and have this Inſcription upon them: The Tribe of Antioch;des wan the Victory, Ariſtides
defrayed the charges of the Games, and 4rcheſtratus the Poet taught them to play their' Comedies.
The laſtireaſon, though it ſeem likelieſt of them all, yer is it the weakeſt of the reſt, For Epaminondas
(whom every man knoweth was poor even from his birth, and always lived in great poverty) and Plato
the Philoſopher, took upon them to defray the charges of the Games that were of no ſmall expence:
the one having born the charges of Flute-players ar T4zzEs, and the other the Dance of the Chil-
dren which danced in around at ATHENs : towards the furniſhing of which charges, Dor the SY-
' RACUSIAN gave Plato Money, and Pelopidas alſo gave Epaminondas Money. Now, this is not
ſpoken that vertuous men ſhould always refuſe the gifts of their friends, and that they might not in
ood _—
= wealth ſome ſort accept their friends courteſie offered chem : but becauſe they ſhould think it uncome-
but after a ſort. Iy and diſhonourable for ther, to take any thing to enrich themſelves, or to ſpare and hoord up.
Howbet
— _—
27}
— ——
Poet of this name, in all the Wars of the MEepes: but in the time of the Wars of Pzro-
PONNESUS, many do put him in for an Authour and maker of Rimes and Songs that were ſung
in common Dances,” Yet for all Panetins ebjections, the matter is to be better looked into, and
conſidered of, But for the Oſtraciſmon baniihment, ir is true, chat ſuch as were great men in eſti-
mation above the common People, either in Fame, Nobility, or Eloquence, they onely were ſubje&t
unto this baniſhment. For Damon himſelf, being Pericles School-maſter , was baniſhed, onely Damor banith.
becauſe the common People thought him roo wiſe. Moreover, 1domenexs writeth , that Ariſtides ed becauſe he
was their Provoſt for a year, not by lot of Beans, but by voice of the ATHE N1ANs that choſe 3 *99 Wile.
him. And if he were Provoſt ſince the Journey of PLaTEEs, as Demetrius writeth , it is likely
enough that they did him this honour, for his greac vertue and notable ſervice, which other were
wont to obtain for their riches. But this Demerrixs doth nor onely defend eAriſtides, but alſo So-
crates poverty, as if it were a foul vice and reproach to be poor. For he writerh, that he had Socrates was
not onely a houſe of his own, but alſo threeſcore and ten Minas at uſury, which (riton gave hint 2 po2r
Intereſt tor. But now to our Story again. eAriſtides was Cleſthenes very friend, he that reſtored
the Government at ATHENS after the expulſion of the thirry Tyrants, and did reverence Lycurg us
the Law-maker of the LaczDaMoNIANS for his Laws, above all the men in his time : and there-
fore he ever favoured the ſtate of 4Ariſtocratia, that is, where the Noble men rule and have the So-
veraignty, Howbeit he ever had Themiſtocles (Neocles Son) his continual adverſary, as taking part Ariſtocratiz,
with the contrary, and defending the Popular ſtate of Government, Some ſay, that being Scholars, whar it 6gnifi-
and brought up together, they were ever contrary one to another in all their ations and doings, were th.
it in ſport, or in matter of earneſt ; and ever after, men began to ſee the natural inclination of them err hg
both, by their contrary affetions. For Themiſtocles was quick , nimble, adventurous, and ſubtil, gnemies in the
and would ventureupon any thing on light occaſion. Ar:ſtides contrariwiſe was very quiet, tempe- Common-
rate, conſtant and marvellous well ſtayed, who would for no reſpect be drawn away from equiry wealth.
and juſtice, neither would lie, flatter, nor abuſe any body, though it were but in ſport. Notwith- Tn
- ; x ifpohtion,
ſtanding Ariſtus of Ci10 writeth, that their malice began firſt of light love, and that it grew to 4,;+:1., nz.
greatneſs by proceſs of time between them : For ( ſaithhe ) both the one and the other of them fell ure
in love with Sreſilexs, born in the Ifle of Caos, This fond light love of theirs, fell nor eaſily
from them, nor the envy they conceived one againſt another , but continued againſt each other in
matters of State : ſuch was their malice rowards one another, In which calling, Themsftocles ſought
the way to win friends, by whoſe means he came to great preferment in ſhort time, and had made
himſelf very ſtrong by them. Therefore, when a friend of his told him one day, he was worthy
to govern the City of ATHEN s, and were very fit for it , if he were indifferent , and not parti-
all: The gods forbid (quoth he) I ſhould ever occupy the place of a Governour, where my friends Themiſtocles
ſhould not find more favour then ſtrangers, that do me no pleaſure. But Ariſtides raking another ſaying tor par-
courſe by himſelf, would not ſtand upon his friends in Government, Firſt, becauſe he would do So ifles —
no man wrong with pleaſuring his friends : nor yer would anger ther, by denying their requeſts. ;..77f gealing
Secondly, becauſe he ſaw many Rulers and men of Authority bold ro do injuſtice and maniteſt in the Com-
wrong, bearing themſelves upon their friends: but he carried this Opinion, that no honeſt man or monweatch.
good Citizen, ſhould truſt ro any bolſtering of friends, but to his own juſt and upright doings.
Notwithſtanding, Ariſtides perceiving that Themiſtocles did raſhly alter many things, and ever
encountred all his ways, and hindered his doings, he was enforced ſometime to croſs Them-
ſtocles again, and to ſpeak againſt that he preferred , partly to be even with him, but moſt ro
hinder his Credit and Authority, which encreaſed till through the Peoples favour and, good wills
towards him: thinking it better by contrarying him a little ro diſappoint ſometime a thing tha:
might have fallen out well for the Commonwealth, rather then by giving him the head, to ſut-
fer him to grow too great. To conclude, it fortuned on a time, that Themiſtocles having pre-
ferred a matter very profitable for the Commonwealth, 4Ari/tides was ſo much againſt ir, as The-
miſtocles purpoſe rook no place. Moreover, Ariſtides was ſo earneſt againſt him, that when the
Council brake up after Themiſtocles motion was rejected, he ſpake it openly before them all : that
the Commonwealth of At#z Ns would never proſper untill they both were laid in Barathrum, Burathrum, #
which was a Priſon or hole, wherein they put all Thieves and condemhed men. Another time, Ariſt;- Prifen or
des moved a matter tothe People, which divers were againſt, but yet it went with him. And when P4"3*-
the Judge or Preſident of the Council did put it to the People, to know their allowance of it :
Ariſtides perceiving by the Arguments made againſt ir, that the matter he preferred was hurtfull
Aa 3 to
DE —_—
274
————
ARISTIDES:.
tothe Commonwealth, he gave it over, and would not have it paſs. Many times alſ9 Ariſtides ſpake
by#other men, when he would have a thing go forward, for fear leſt Themsſtocles ſpight towards
Ariſtides con- him, would hinder the benefit of the Commonwealth. They found him very conſtant and reſolute in
ſtancy, matters of State, whatſoever happened : which wan him great commendation. For he was never the
prouder for any honour they gave him, nor thought himſelf diſgraced for any overthrow he recei-
ved : being always of this mind, that it was the duty of an honeſt Citizen, to be ever ready to
offer his body and life to do his Countrey ſervice, without reſpe& and hope of reward of Money,
or for Honour and Glory. Therefore when certain Verſes were repeated in the Theatre, of one of
the Tragedies of e/£ſchils, made in commendation of the ancient Soothſayer eAmphiarans, to this
effect :
”
He will not onely ſeem, a juſt man by his face,
But juſt indeed he will be found, and vertue ſtill embrace
with all bu thought and ſoul, from whence there may proceed
Grave counſels, for to beautifie his (buntries Crown indeed,
All the People ſtraight caſt their eyes upon Ar:ſtides, as upon him, that in truth above all other moſt
deſerved the praiſe of ſo great a vertue. For he was ſo ſtout and reſolute, not onely to reſiſt favour
Ariſtides Ju- and friendſhip, but to reje& hate and anger alſo. For in caſe of juſtice, neither could friendſhip make
A him go awry for his friends ſake : nor envy could move him to do injuſtice, ro his very enemy. For
proof hereof it is written, that be had anenemy of his in ſuit of Law, and did proſecute it to Judge-
ment :'infomuch as afcer the Plaint was read,” the Judges were ſo angry with the offendor, that with-
out any more hearing of him, they would have given Sentence againſt him, But Ar:/tides riſing from
his place, wentand kneeled at the Judges feet with the offendor his enemy, and beſought them to give
him leave to ſpeak, to juſtifie and defend his Cauſe, according to the courſe of Law. Another time he
being Judge between two private men that pleaded before him, one of them ſaid unto him : Ariſtides,
Ariſtides wiſe this fellow mine adverſary here, hath done you great injury. My friend ( quoth Ariſtides again) I
laying, pray thee tell me onely the injury he hath done thee, for I am Judge here to do thee right, and not
{elf. Moreover, he being choſen high Treaſurer of all the Revenues of ATH#z ns, did declare that all
Officers before him, and other his late Predeceflors, had greatly robbed and ſpoiled the common Trea-
* ſure, but ſpecially Themsftocles : who was a wiſe man, and of great judgement, but yet ſomewhat
Ariſtides cho- light-fingered. Therefore when Ar:ſtides was to give up his account, Themiſtocles and many other
= - ney ſuborned by him, were againſt him, and accuſed him for abuſing his Office, and followed him lo hard,
mms that through their praQtiſe they condemned him, as domeners writeth, Yet the nobleſt Citizens ſee-
ven. ing what injury they offered A4r:/tzdes, took his cauſe in hand, and found means to procure the People
Ariſtides accu- not onely to releaſethe Fine impoſed upon him, but to reſtore him againto his Office of high Treaſu-
ſed and con- rer for the year following : in the which he ſeemed to repent his former ſtraightneſs in Government the
OT year before, and dealt more favourably with thoſe he had to do with, and would not examine every
Office thing ſo ſtraightly as he did before. Whereupon ſuch as were thieves and ſtealers of the Treaſure of the
Ariſtides Fine Common-wealth, did marvellouſly praiſe and like him, and became ſuters for him to continue in the
releaſed , and Office. But when. theday of ele&ion came, that the ATHzn1aNns would chuſe him again, Ariſti-
he made Trea»
ſurer again,
Ariſtides 0-
penlyreprovet
cloſe Thieves
in the Com=-
monwealth,
and detefteth
their praiſe.
Miltiades chief
of the ten
Captains that
went againſt
Dathis the
King of Per-
ſriz*s Lieure»
| Natit,
des ſelf reproved them, and faid : When I faithfully diſcharged the duty of mine Office committed to
me by you, I then received ſhame and reproach at your hands : and now that I have diſſembled, not
h ſeeming to ſee the thefts and robberies done upon your Treaſure, ye claw me, and ſay Iam an honeſt
man, and a good Citizen. But I would you knew it, and Itell you plainly, I am more aſhamed of the
honour you do me now, than I was of the Fine you did ſet upon me, when you condemned me the laſt
year : andI am ſorry to ſpeak it, that youſhould think it more commendation to pleaſure the wicked,
than to preſerve the Commonwealth. After he had ſpoken theſe words, and had bewrayed the com-
mon thefts the Officers of the City did commit, he ſtopped the Thieves mouths that ſo highly praiſed
and commended him for ſo honeſt a man : bur yet of the noble and honeſt Citizens he was much com-
mended, Furthermore, ona time when Dathz Lieutenant to Darius King of PERS1A, was come
with all his Navy to go aland about MARATHON, in the Countrey of ATT1cA, upon pretence (35
he ſaid) to be revenged onely of the ATHEN1ANs, that had burnt the City of SaRD1 s, but indeed
of mind to conquer all GxEt cx, and to deſtroy the whole Countrey before him : the ATHE N1 avs
choſe ten Captains to go to the Wars, among whom M{lriades was the chiefeſt man of Authority. But
Ariſtideg drew very near him in reputation and credit, becauſe he did very good ſervice in obtaining the
Victory, ſpecially when he agreed with 24:lr:ades in counſell, to give Battle upon the barbarous Peo-
ple: and alſo when he willingly gave 24*:ltiades the whole rule and order of the Army. For every
one of the ten Captains did by turns lead the whole Army for one wholeday : and when Ar:/tides turn
came about, he gave his prefterment thereof unto zlrrades, teaching his other companions, thar'i
was no ſhame, buthonour for them to be ruled by the wiſeſt, Thus by his example he appeaſed all trite
that might have grown among them, and perſwaded them all to be contented to follow his direction
and counſel, that had beſt experience in the War. And ſo he did much advance e. Hilrrades honour.
For after that eAr:ſtides had once yielded his Authority unto him, every one of the reſt did the like
when it came to their turn : and ſo they all ſubmitted themſelves unto the rule and leading. But on the
day of the Battle, the place where the ATHzN1 a ns were moſt cumbred, was in the midſt of the Bat-
tle, where they had ſet the Tribes of the Zeonrides, and of Antiochides : for thither the ay
Peopie
A —
ARISTIDES. 275
GE HRCCCCCee—o—
——
— ——
People did bend all their force, and made their greateſt Fight in that place, By which occaſion, The
miſtocles and Ariſtides fighting one hard by another, for that the one was of the Tribe Leoztides, and
the other of eM-ntiochides, they valiantly tought it our with the Enemies, envying one another : ſo as
the barbarous People at the laſt being overthrown, they made them fly, and drave them to their Ships.
But when they were embarqued and gone, the Captains of the ATHEN1ANs perceiving they made Ailtiader Vi-
not towards the Iſles, which was their dire& courſe to return into As 1A, but that they were dri- tory of the
ven back by ſtorm of wind and Pyrries of the Sea, towards the Coaſt of ATT1ca and the City Ferpens.
of ATHENS, fearing leſt they might find ATHENS unfurniſhed for defence, and might fer upon
it : they thereupon ſent away preſently nine Tribes that marched thither with ſuch ſpeed, as they
came to ATHENS the very ſame day, and left eAriſtides in the Campat MaRaTHox, with his
Tribe and Countreymen, to look to the Priſoners and Spoil they had won of the barbarous Peo-
ple. Who nothing deceived the opinion they had of his wiſdom. For notwithſtanding there was
great ſtore of Gold and Silver, much Apparel, Moveables, and other infinite Goods and Riches
in all their Tents and Pavillions, and in the Ships alſo they had taken of theirs : he was not ſo cove-
tous as once to touch them, nor to ſuffer any other ro meddle with them, unleſs by ſtealth ſome
provided for themſelves. As amongſt other, there was one Callias, one of Ceres Prieſts, called
Dadouchos, as you would ſay, the Torch-bearer, ( for inthe ſecret Sacrifices of Ceres, his Office The wicked
was to hold the Torch) whom when one of the barbarous People ſaw, and how he wore a band P*** of Callias
about his head, and long hair, he took him for ſome King, and falling bn his knees at his feet, _— bo.
kiſſed his hand, and ſhewed him great ſtore of Gold he had hidden and buried maditch. But {2l- *
lias, like a moſt cruel and cowardly wretch of all other on the Earth, took away the Gold, and
killed the poor ſoul that had ſhewed him the place, becauſe he ſhould not tell it to others. Hereof
it cometh, that the Comical Poets do call thoſe that came of him in mockery, Laccoplutes, as made
rich by a Ditch : becanſe of the Gold that (Alas found in it, Immediately after this Battle, 4- 4riſtides cho-
riſtides was choſen Provoſt of ATHENs for the year : albeit Demetrixs Phalerius writeth, that it _ Provolt of
was a little before his death, after the F_ of PLATEES, For intheir Chronicles, where they —_—
ſer in order their Provoſts of AtHzxNs for the year, fince Xanthippides time, there appeared no
one name of eAriſtides in that year that eHardonins the King of PzR$1 a's Lieutenant was over-
thrown by PLATEzs, which was many years after : but contrariwiſe , they find eAriſtides en-
rolled among the Provoſts immediately atter Phanippms, in the year the Battle was fought at Ma-
RATHON, Now the. People did moſt commend eAri/tides juſtice, before all his other vertues and
qualities : becauſe that vertue is moſt common and in ale in our life, and delivereth moſt benefit ro
men. Hereof it came, that he being a mean man, obtained the worthieſt name that one could
have, to be called by the whole City, a juſt man, This ſurname was never deſired of Kings, Prin-
ces, nor of Tyrants, but they alwaies delighted to be ſurnamed, ſome Polzorceres, to ſay, Conque-
rors of Cities : other Ceraxn;, to ſay, lightning or terrible : other N\zcanores, to ſay, Subduers :
and ſome other, «tz and Hieracles, to ſay, Eagles or Faulcons, or ſuch like Birds that prey ; de- , -
firing rather (as it ſhould appear by thoſe Surnames) the praiſe and reputation growing by force - pou _
and power, then the commendation that riſeth by vertue and goodneſs. Yet notwithſtanding, God ** yu
whom they defire moſt to be likened to, doth excel] all humane Nature in three ſeveral things : in
Immortality, in Power, and in Vertue, of which three, Vertue is the moſt honourable and precious
thing. For as the Natural Philoſophers reaſon, all the four Elements and FVacuwm, are immor-
tal and uncorruptible, and ſo are Force and Power, Earth-quakes, Lightning, terrible Storms,
running Rivers, and Inundations of Waters : but as for Juſtice and Equity, no man is partaker of
them, ſave onely God, by means of reaſon and underſtanding. Therefore, becauſe men commonly The praile of
have three ſundry affeions of the gods : the firſt, that they think them blefled : the ſecond, that Juſtice,
they fear them : the third, that they reverence them : ir appearerh then that they think chem
bleſſed, for the Eternity and Immorrality of their godhead : that they fear them, becauſe of their
Omnipotency and Power : and that they love and worſhip them, for their Juſtice and Equiry. And
yet notwithſtanding, of thoſe three, men do covet Immortality, which no fleſh can attain unto :
and alſo Power : which dependech moſt upon Fortune : and in the mean time they leave Vertue
alone, whereof the gods of their goodneſs have made us capable. But here they ſhew themſelves Authority
fools. For Juſtice maketh the life of a Noble man, and of one in great Authority, ſeem Divine would be with-
and Celeſtial : where without Juſtice, and dealing unjuſtly, his life is moſt beaftly, and odious to the out corruption.
World. Butnow again to eAriſtides. This Surname of a juſt man at the beginning, made him be-
loved of all the People : but afterwards it turned him to great ill will, and ſpecially by Them:ſtocles Themiſtocles
praCtiſe : who gave it out every where, that eAriſtides had overthrown all Juſtice, becauſe by con- n__ Fo an
ſent of the parties he was ever choſen Arbitrator to end all controverſies : and- that by this means Pies Jullica
he ſecretly had procured the abſolute Power of a King, not needing any Guard or Souldiers about
him. The People moreover being grown very difſolute and licentious, by reaſon of the Victory of
MARATHON, and ſecking to haveall things paſs by them, and their Authority, began now to miſ-
like, and to be greatly offended, that any private man ſhould go before the reſt in good Fame and
Reputation. Whereupon, they came out of all Shiresof ATT1c a into the Cuty of ATHENS,
and ſo baniſhed eAriſtides with the Oftraciſmep : diſguiſing the envy they bare to his Glory with Ari/tides barii-
the Name of fear of Tyranny, For this manner of baniſhment called Oſtraci/mor , or © xoſtra- ſhed with the
ciſmon, was no ordinary puniſhment for any fault or offence committed : but to guveit an honeſt cloak, Oſtraciſmon.
Ta ang f
they faid it was onely a pulling down and tying ſhort of roo much Greatneſs and Awhority, m_ the Oftraciſee
ing
276 ARISTIDES. |
ding far the matter and countenance of a Popular State. But to tell you truly, it was none otherwiſe
then a gentle mean to qualifie the Peoples envy againſt ſome private perſon : which envy bred no
malice to him whoſe greatneſs did offend them, bur onely tended to the baniſhing ot hitfi for ten years,
But afterwards when by praCtiſe, this Offraciſmon banithment was laid upon mean men, and Male-
Hyperbolus the fxQors, as upon Hyperbolus that was the laſt man ſo baniſhed, they never after uſed it any more at
laſt —_— ATHENS, Andby theway it ſhall not be amiſsto tell you here, why and wherefore this Hyper.
Ormies. bolus was baniſhed. Alcibiades and Nicias were the chiefeft men of ArHzxs art thattime, and
The cauſe of they both wereever at ſquare together, a common thing amongſt great men. They perceiving now
Hyperbolus ba- by the Peoples affembling, that they went abour to execute the Oſtraciſmor, were marvellous afraid
niſhment. jr was meant to baniſh one of them : wherefore they ſpake together, and made both their followers
friends with each other, and joined them in one Tribe together, inſamuch, when the moſt voices
of the People were gathered to condemn him that ſhould be baniſhed, they found it was Hyperbolys,
The People therewith were muck offended, to ſee the Oſtraciſmon ſo embaled and ſcorned, that they
A deſcription never after would uſe it again, and fo left it off for ever. Bur ,briefly to let you underſtand what
of the Oſtraciſ- the Oftraciſmon was, and after what ſort they uſed it : ye are to know, that at a certain day appoin-
mon, ted, every Citizencarried a great ſhell in his hand, whereupon he wrote the name of him he would
have baniſhed, and brought it into a certain place railed about with wooden bars in the Market-place,
Then, when every man had brought in his ſhell, the — and Officers of the City did count
and tell the number of them : for ifthere were leſs then fix thouſand Citizens, that hat thus brought
theſe ſhells rogether, the Oftracsſmon was not full and perfect, Thar done, they laid apart every mans
name written in theſe ſhells ; and whoſe name they found written by moſt Citizens, they proclaimed
him by ſound of Trumpet, a baniſhed man for ten years, during which time notwithſtanding, the party
ATaleofa Qid enjoy all his Goods. Now every man writing thus his name in a ſhell, whom they would have
plain man that baniſhed ;- it is reported there was a plain man of the Countrey (very ſimple) that could neither
that came to , write nor read, who came to Ar:i/#:des ( being the firſt man he mer with) and gave him his ſhell;
—_— wr praying himto write Ar:/t5des name upon ir. He being abaſhed withall, did ask the Countrey man,
pray himro It -eAr:ſtides hadever done him any diſpleaſure. No, ſaid the Countrey man, he never did me hurt,
write Ariſtides nor I know him not : but it grieves me to hear every man call him a juſt man. Ar:/tides hearing him
name init, fay ſo, gave no anſwer, but wrote his own name upon the ſhell , and delivered it again to the
Countrey man, But as he went his way out of the City, he lift up his hands to heaven, and made a
Prayer contrary to that of eAchilles in Homer, beleeching the gods that the ATHzN1ANs might
never have ſuch troubles in hand, as they ſhould be compelled to call for Ariſtides again. Notwiuh-
ſtanding, within three years after, when Xerxes King of PERs1 A came with his Army through
the Countries of THESSALY and BotOT14, and entred into the heart of the Countrey of Ar-
Ariſtides call- TICA, the ATHENIANS revoking the Law of their Oftracsſmon, called home again all thoſe they
ed from exile, had baniſhed, and ſpecially, becauſe they were afraid eri/tides would take part with the barbarous
People, and that his example ſhould move many other ro do the like ; wherein they were greatly de-
ceived in the nature of the man : for before that he was called home, he continually travelled up
and down, perſwading and encouraging the GREcians to maintain and defend their Liberty,
After that Law was repealed by Proclamation, and that Themi/tocles was choſen the onely Lieutenant
General of ATHENs, be did alwaies faithfully aid and aflift him in all things, as well with his cra-
vel, as alſo with his counſel : and thereby wan his Enemies great honour, becauſe it ſtood upon the
ſafety and preſervation of his Countrey. For when Exribiades, General of the Army of the Gzz-
'CIANS, had determined to forſake the Iſle of SALamina, and that the Galleys of the barbarous
People were come into the midſt of the Seas, and had environed the Iſles all about, and the mouth
of the arm of the Straight of SALam1Na, before any man knew they were thus incloſed in : 4-
7iſtides departing out of the Ifle of e£gina with a marvellous boldneſs, ventured through the mid-
deſt of all the barbarous Ships and Fleet, and by goodhap got in the night into Themsſtocles Tent,
Ariſtides a&s and calling him out, ſpake with him there in this ſort : Themsſtocles, if we be both wile, it is high
and counſels time we ſhould now leave off this vain envy and ſpight we have long time born each other, and
againſt King that we ſhould enter into another ſort of envy more honourable and profitable for us both : 1 mean,
KerxES. which of us two ſhould do his beſt endeavour to ſave GREECE : you, by ruling and.commanding
all like Lieutenant Generall : and I, by counſclling you the beft, and executing your commandment:
conſidering you are the man alone that will roundlieft corne unto the point that is beſt : which isin
my opinion, that we ſhould hazard Battle by Sea within the Straight of SaLami na, and that as
ſoon as might be poſſible. Bur if our Friends and Confederates do let this to be put in execution, 1
do aſſure you your Enemies do help it forward, For it is ſaid, the Sea both before and behind us,
and round abour us, is covered all over with their Ships, ſo as they that would not before, ſhall now
be compelled of force, and in ſpight of their hearts, to fight and beſtir them like men : becauſe
they are compaſſed in all about, and there is no paſſage left open for them to ſcape, nor to
fly. Whereunto Themiſtocles anſwered ; I am ſorry, Ariſtides, that herein your honeſty appea-
rech greater then mine : but ſince it is ſo, that you have deſerved the honour in beginning, an
procuring ſuch an honourable and commendable ſtrife between us, I will henceforth endeavour
my felf to exceed you in continuing this your defire, After which Anſwer, he told Ariſtides,
how he purpoſed to mock the barbarous King, aud prayed him to entreat Euribiades to yield to
his device, and to perſwade him that there was no other way to ſave Gre tc, but to fight by Sea :
tor Enribiades gave-more credit to Ariſtides perſwaſions,than he did to Themiſtocles words ; for when
a
—
ARISTIDES.
allthe Captains were called to Council, to determine whether they ſhould give Bartle, or not ; one
%* .
Cleocritus CQRINTHIAN faid to Themiſtocles, that bis counſel did not like eAriftides at all as ic
e77
ed out, Stay there, never ſpeak of that : but I pray you letus rather ſeek all the ways we can, how Ariſtiler wiſe
to drive this barbarous King out of GaZscz, leſt it we keep him in till with ſo great an Army counſell for
HsLLESPONT, andlcft Mardenzs his Li t Generallin Gx8zcs, with three bundred thou- go
ſand of the beſt aoners 0p Arey, This Mardonins was marvelloully dreaded of all the Gaz« three hundred
CIANS, fox the wonderfyll great Army be had by Land, and he did threaten them alſ6 by bis Ler- thouſand mens
ters he wrote unto them : You bave (faid-be) with your Ships by Sea, overcome men acquainted to
fight by Land, and thatnever handled Oar ; but now, the Plains of Thz$SALr, or the Fields of
Bo £0 T14, Arc very fair n arge os Horſemen and Footmen to make proof of their valiantneſs,
if you will .come tothe Bayle inthe Field, He wrote Letters to the ATHENIANS, by the King
his Maſters. commandment, of other effeft, and offered them fram him, to build up their City again,
to give thema great PenGan, and. furthermare to makethem Lords of all Gzztcs, ſo they would
ive over, and leave off theſe Wars, The Lacszpawuonians being forthwith advertiſed of
is Letters written to the ATHENIA 5s, andicaring leſt they would: have been perſwaded by them ; 4
ſent their Ambaſſadors. with all ſpeed to AT.az xs, to- pray themto ſend their Wives and Children - {80%
unto $.PART A, and:alſa to offer them Vikuals, to xelicye. their poor old People , becauſe of the \ #048"
great ſcarcity that was at ADH Ns, for that. their Ciry-was burnt and razed, and all their Countrey ut
belides deſtroyed by the barbarous People. The ATy zx1ans having heard the ofters of the Am-
baſſadoxs of AGEDAMQN, made them a maryellops. anſwer through Ars/ts4es counſell, and this The noble
it was, :. That they bare. wyh.che barbarous People, though they thought all things were to be ſold 1ins of the
for Gold ang. Silver, hecauſe they eſteemed nothing more precious.nor berter in this World, than to Arbenizns;
be rich and wealthy :- bur on the other-fide, they were: greatly offended with the Laczpanont-
ANs, that they onely regarded the preſent poverty, and; neceſſity of the ATHENIANS, and did
forger heir yertue and noble courage,. thioking to make them, fight more valianily for the preſerva-
tion of Grzt cx, by affering them. YiRtuals to live withall. The People approving this Anſwer,
Ariſtides then cauſed the Ambaſſadors of SrarT 4 to come to the Aſſembly, and commanded
them to telſthe Lacznzwy Niaxs by ward of mph, that all the Gold above, or under the
ground, .contd not corrupt the ATHaNnians, to make them take any ſum of Money or reward,
to leave the defence of the. Libettry.of Gxzzce. And.co-the Herauld that camefrom Afardonins, |
he ſhewed 'the Sun, and. ſaid unto him : So long as yander Sun keepeth his courſe about the q
World, io long will the. ATHENIANS be mortal Enemies unto the PERS LAws., becauſe they | "
have ſpoiled and deſtroyed all their Countrey, and-have defiled and burnt the Temples of their gods. if
Beſides, he willed that the Priefts, by. commandment of the People, ſhould excommunicate and curſe
him that woyld procure them to. ſend untoghe Pzrs.1ax5 to make prace with them, and to break
their Le ge and Alliance with the ather. Gxzc1axs. Hereupon, when Mardornixs came again
the ſecond. titne to. over-run.the Countrey.of ATTICA, the ATHENLANS got them again into
the Tſle of SALauin, and.then. they ſent. 4rstides Ambaiſador unto the LAc ED&x0 NIANS,
He ſharply took them up, aad. reproved. their loch and: negligence , becauſe they bad again for-
ſaken ATygNs, andleft ic tothe ſpoil of. the barbarous People : and prayed them yer PERS
00
ARISTIDES.
look to ſave the reſt of Gxezcs. The Ephori (which were certain Officers that tuled all things
within the City of SpaR T4) when they had heard Ars/tizes perſwaſions, ſtraight took order for
Ariſtides
Licutenant *
General of the
Athenians a-
gainlt Mardo»
ins.
PauſaniasKin
of ——_—_ :
General of all
Greece.
Aſopus fl,
Oracles of the
ViRory of
Platacs.
The Nymphs
Sphragitides.
Arinn:ſtas
Dream.
aid, though ir appeared they did nothing all day but play, and make good cheat, keeping that da
one of their ſolemn Feaſts they called Zyacinth:a. Howbeit the next night following, they ſent _
five thouſand Citizens born in SPARTA, into the Field, all proper men and valiant Souldiers, every
one of them carrying with him ſeven Ilotes (which are the Countrey men and Slaves in the Countrey
of LACED&AMON14) not making the Ambaſſadors of ATHENS privy to it at all, Wherefore
Ariſtides came again another time into their Council, to complain of their negligence, But they
ſenc /
fell a laughing, and ſaid he dreamed, or elſe he mocked them: for their Army which they had
againſt the ſtrangers (for ſo they called the P:xs1Aans) was already at the City of OxtsT10N
in ARCADIA. Ariſtides hearing this anſwer, replyed, that they were to blame ' to mock them in
that ſort, to ſend away their men ſo ſecretly, that they might not know of it : and that it was no
time for them now to go about to deceive their friends, but their Enemies rather. 1domenexs in his
Story reporteth the matter thus in every point ; notwithſtanding, in the Decree that -was made to
ſend Ambaſſadors to SpARTA, Ariſtides is not named for Ambaſſador, but there are other ap-
pointed : as Cimon, Xanthippus, and Mironides. Afterwards Ariſtides was choſen by voices of the
People, Lieutenant General of the Army of ATHzens , in this War againſt the Pzrx5s1ans,
and went unto the Camp of the Grxtcrians by the City of PLaTAzs , with eight thouſand
Footmen well armed and appointed. There he found King Paſanias the onely General of all the
whole Power and Army of the Gxec1ans, who brought with him the force of Span Ta : and
there came daily into his Camp one after another, a marvellous great multitude of other Gzzc1-
ANS, Now touching the Army of the barbarous People, they encamped all along the River of
ASo pus : but becauſe their Campsſtretched out a marvellons way in length, they were not entren-
ched art all, but had onely fortified a piece of ground four-ſquare with a Wall about, which was ten
furlongs on every fide, to place all their carriage and chiefeft things in. And for the Gazcians
again, the Soothſayer Tiſamenm, born in the City of Ex1Ds, had told Pawſanias, and all the
GRECIANS together, that they ſhould have the ViRtory, ſo they did not aſſault art all, but onely
defend. And Ars/tsdes, that had ſent to the Oracle of Apollo at Dxt pros, inthe natne of the A-
THENIANS, had anſwer : They ſhould overcome their Enemies, ſo they did ſacrifice and make ſpe-
cial Prayers unto Fupiter and- Juno of Mount C1TH&RON, unto Par, and unto the Nytnplis Sphra-
girides, and alſo-umto the demy-gods, Andrecrates, Lexcon, Piſander, Damocrates, Hypſion, Atteon,
and Polyidus : and ſo that they did hazard Battle alſo within' their own Territories, and in the Plain
of Ceres Eleuſinian, and of Proſerpina. This Oracle troubled -«Ar:ftides marvellouſly, becauſe the
demy-gods 'whom they had commandment to do Sacrifice unto, were the Founders and Anceſtors of
the PLATAIANS : and the Cave of the Nymphs Sphragirsdes, is one of the tops of the Mount
CiTH&RON, looking towards the Weft, where the Sun ſetteth in Summer, They fay there
was an Oracle there in old time, whoſe ſpirit poſſefled many Inhabitants thereabours, -and beftraught
them of their wits : whereupon, they called thoſe ſo poſſeſſed, Nympholeprs, as who would ſay, taken
with the Nymphs. And again, to tell the ATHzN1Aans they ſhould have the Victory, ſo they
did hazard Battle in the Plain of Ceres Eleuſinian, and within their own Territory : it was even to
ſend them back again into the Countrey of ATT1ca. Ariftides being thus perplexed , Arim-
neſtus Captain of the PLaT&1ANSs, had ſuch a Viſion in the night in his ſleep. He thought, that
Jupiter the Saviour did appear unto him, andasked him what the Gxzc1ans intended to do? and
that he anſwered : My Lord, 'we 'muft to morrow remove our Camp into the Territories of Er u-
SIN, and there we will fight with the barbarous no NY to the commandment the Oracle
of Apollo hath given us. Then that Jupirer replied, they were Sreatly deceived : for all chat
Apollo bad declared by his Oracle was meant within che Terrnories of the PLaT&1aNs, and that
they ſhould find it true, if they conſidered it well, Arimneſtus m_ plainly ſeen this Viſion in
his ſleep, when he did awake in the morning, he ſtraight ſent for the oldeft Citizens, and conſidering
with them where this place ſhould be, he found at the length , that ar the foot of Mount C1Tt#aron,
by the Ciry of Ny $xa; there was an old Temple they called the Temple of Ceres Elexſinian, and of
her Daughter Proſerpina. When he heard them ſay ſo, he went ftraighr and rold 4riftides of it, and
found that ir was anexcellent place to ſer an Army in Bartle ray, that had hut few Horſemen : for
that the foot of Mount C1THaro N did let the Horſemen, they could not go to the. place where
the Temple ftood, and where the Plain and Valley did end : beſides alſo, that the Chappel of 4*-
drocrates waseven in that place, which was all hidden with thick Wood round about ir. And becauſc
they ſhould lack nothing ro hinder the expreſs commandment 'of the 'Oracle for hope of Victory,
the PLAT AIANS (through Arimneſtus counſell and advice) made a common Decree, that the Con-
fines of the Ciry of P.at ts ſhould be taken away towards ATHE ws fide, and that the Land
The magnani- thereof ſhould be given clearly unto the ATHE N14 Ns, becauſe they ſhould fight with the barbarous
miry of the
Plattans.
People in their own Land, for the defence and preſervation of Gx ttc, according to the command-
Alexander the ment ofthe Oracle. This noble gift and Preſent of the PLAT 14a ns was ſo famous, as many years
Great doth ho- after, King Alexander the Great having conquered the Empire of As 14, built upthe Walls again of
nour the Pla-
the City of PLaT&Es, and when he had done, made a Herauld openly proclaim it at the Games
rrajardragy Olympicall, that Alexander had done the PLaTAIAaNns thar honour and dignity, for a memo |
noble minds.
. and honour of their: magnanimiry , becauſe in the War againſt the Pzx s1ANs , they had freely
and liberally given away their Land unto the AT#z nas, for the ſafery of the Gercrans,
ARISTIDES.
279.
and hath ſhewed themſelves of a noble courage alſo, and very willing to defend the ſtate of Gzezzce,
Now when the Army of the Gazcrans came to be ſet in order of Battle, there fell a ſtrife be-
tween the ATHENIANS and the TEGBATES, becauſe the ATHENIANS would needs ( ac-
cording to their old cuſtom) have the lett Wing of the Battle, if the Laczozwonians had
the right Wing : and the TEGz8ATEs on the contrary part, would have the preheminence before
the ATHENIANS, alledging the famous Acts and notable Service of their Anceſtors in former
Wars, whereupon the ATHENIANS did mutiny, But eAriſtides ſtept between them, and told
them, that it was no time now to contend with the TEGEATEs about their Nobility and Valiant-
neſs: and as for you, my Lordsof SeaRTA (faidhe) and you alſo my Maſters of Gxetct, we
rell you, that the place neither giveth nor taketh vertue away ; and we do aſſure you, that whereſ9-
ever you place us, we will ſo defend and keep it, as we willnot impair nor blemiſh the honour we
have won in former foughten Battles and gotten Victories, For we are not come hither to quarrell
and fall out with our friends, but to fight with our common Enemies, nor to brag of our Anceſtors
doings, but to ſhew our ſelves valiant in detence of all GxzEce, For this Battle will make good
proof of all the Gxtcrans, how much eſtimation every City , every Captain, and particular
perſon will deſerve for his part. When eAri/tides had ſpoken, the Caprains and all other of the
Council concluded in favour of the ATHEN1AaNs, that they 'ſhould have one of the Wings of the
Battle, But by this means all Gxz tc z ſtood in marvellous garboil at that time, and the State of the
ATHENIANS ſpecially in great danger, For a number ot the nobleſt Citizens of Aryzns, and
that brought great ſubſtance with them to the Wars, being now at low ſtate, and in poverty, their
Goods being ſpent and gone, and ſecing themſelyes diſcouncenanced, nor bearing that Rule and Au-
thority in the Commonwealth they were wont to do, becauſe other were called to Authority, and
preferred to the Offices of the City : they gathered together, and met at a houſe in the City of Pr a-
TEES, and there conſpired to overthrow the Authority of the People at ATHEns : and if they
could not obtain their purpoſe, then that they would rather loſe all, and betray their Countrey unto
the barbarous People. While theſe things were practiſed in the Camp, many being of the Conſpi-
racy, eAriſtides came to an inckling of ir, and was marvelloully afraid, becauſe of the time : where-
fore he began to be carefull of the matter, being of ſuch importance as it was, and yet would not be
curious to underſtand the whole Conſpiracy, little knowing what a number might be drawn into this
Treaſon, .if it were narrowly looked into, but rather reſpected that which was juſt, then what was
profitable for the time. So he cauſed eight perſons my ol the great number to be apprehended, and
of theſe eight, the two firſt whom they would have indicted as Principals, and were moſt to be bur-
dened for the Conſpiracy, e£/chines of the Town of LamyRra, and Egeſias of the Town of
ACHARNA, they found means to fly out of the Camp, and to fave themſelves. And for the
other, Ari/tides ſet them at liberty, and gave them occaſion that were not diſcovered, to be bold, and
to repent them of their follies: ſaying, that the Battle ſhould be their Judge, where they ſhould
purge themſelves of all accuſations laid againſt them, and ſhew the World alſo, that they never had
any other intention but honeſt and good, rowards their Countrey, AMardonixs, to prove the cou-
rage of the GREc1ANSs, had ſent all his Horſemen (wherein he was far ſtronger then the Gzt-
CIANS) to skirmiſh with them, Who were was at the foot of Mount Ci1TH&RON, in ſtrong
places and full of ſtones, ſaving the three thouland MEsGAr 1ANS , that camped in the Plain : by
reaſon whereof, they were ſore troubled and hurt, by the Horſemen of the barbarous People that ſet
upon them on every {ide, for they might charge them where they would. Inſomuch, in the end, per-
ceiving they alone could no longer refiſt the force of ſo great a multitude of the barbarous People,
they ſent with all ſpeed poſſible to Pauſaniac, to pray him to ſend them preſent aid. Panſanias hea-
Ting this news, and ſeeing in his own fight the Camp of the MzG ax1ans almoſt covered with
Shot and Darts which the.barbarous People threw at them, and that they were compelled to ſtand cloſe
together in a little corner : he wiſt not whatto do, For to go thither in perſon with the Lac s-
DEMONIANS that were footmen heavy armed, he thought that was no way to help them. So he
proved to put ſome ambitious deſire and envy of honour, among the private Captains and Generals
of the Army of the other Gxzc1a xs, which were then about him : 'to ſee if he could move any
mans courage and defire, to offer himſelf willingly to aid the MEG arxtans, Howbeit they had
all deaf ears, but eAriſtides, who promiſed to go inthe name of the ArHentans, and brought
Olympiodorw into the Field (one of the valianteſt Captains that ſerved under him) with his Company
of three hundred choſen men, and certain Shot mingled amongſt them, Theſe Souldiers were ready
m a moment, and marched ſtraight in Battle ray, a great pace rowards the barbarous People. Ma-
ſſtixe, that was General of the Horſemen of the Pexs14a ns, a goodly tall man, perceiving their
coming towards him : turned his Horſe, and galloped to them. The ATHEN1ans tarried him, and
kept their ground, and the encounter was very hot, becauſe both the one and the other ſide did the
beſt they could atthis firſt onſex to put the reſt of the Battle in jeopardy : and they fought ſo long,
that Maſiſtius Horſe was ſhor through the body with an Arrow, that put him to ſuch pain, as be
never left flinging, till he caſt his Maſter on the ground, armed as he was atall pieces, So being on
the ground, he could not riſe again, as well for the weight of his Armour, as for that the ATH#z-
NIANS came foſuddenly upon him. And notwithſtanding there were many about him to hew him
n pieces, yet they could > yo way how to kill him, he was fo throughly armed and loaden wich
Gold, Copper, and Iron, not onely upon his body and his head, bur alſo on his legs and arms ; un-
till arthelength there was one that thruſt the head of kis Dart through his Bever, and fo killed _
The
Strife between
the Athenians
and Tege4ter.
Ariſtides wiſe.
ly pacifed the
mutiny,
The conſpire»
cy of the rich
Noble men of
Athens.
Mount Citheas
ron.
Maſiſtius Ge-
neral of che
Horſemen of
the Perſeans,
G 8
$5+.0+ T1
: :
Dn _—
230
"ARISTIDES.
#1
Maſiftius lain
ans.
Alexander
King of Mace-
don, revealeth
the Perſians
ſecret counſel
unto Ariſtides.
by the Atbeni- =
The P85 1am perceiving that , fled immedimely , and forſook the body of their Genera
Shortly after it appeared to the Gr xc1AN s, that-they had ſped well at this Skirmiſh, not becauſe
they had ſlain many Enemies, burfor the great 'lamentation the barbarous Pegple made for the loſs
f Maſiftizs. For his death did ſo grieve them, that they polled themſelves, they clipped off their
Horſe and Mules hairs, and 'frlled beſides all the Field thereabouts with pitifull cries and ſhrieks
2s thoſe that had loſt the valianteft and chiefeft man of — all their Camp, next unto
Mardonins the Kings Lieutenant. After this firſt Skirmiſh, both the one and the other ſide kept
their Camp, and would not come into the Field many days after : for the Soothſayers did promiſe
both ſides the Victory, as much the PzRSIANS, asthe' GRECIANS, fo they did but onely defend:
and contrariwile, they did threaten them to be overthrown, that did aflaulr. But Afardonims finding
ViRuals waxed ſcant, and thar they were ftored but for few days, and moreover how the Gx x.
CIANS daily grew ſtronger by continual -repair to their Camp, the longerhe delayed : in the end
he reſolved to tarry no longer, but to paſs the River Aso yus the next morning by break of the
day, and ſuddenly to ſet upon the Gx Ecrans. So he gave the Captains warning the night be.
fore what they ſhould do, becauſe every man ſhould be ready, But about midnight there came a
Horſeman withoutany noiſe ar all, ſo near tothe Gxtcrans Camp, that he'ſpake to the Watch,
and told them he would ſpeak with 4r:ftides General of the ATHENIANS. Ariſtides was cal.
led for ſtraight, and when he came to him, the Horſeman faid unto Ariftides ; Tam Alexander King
of MAcEDoN, who for the long and great good will I bear you, have put my ſelf in the greateſt
that may be, to-come at this preſent time to advertiſe you, that to morrow morning Mar
donixs will give you Battle : becauſe your Enemies ſudden coming upon you, ſhould not make you
afraid, being ſuddenly charged, and ſhould not hinder alſo your valiant fighting. For it isnonew
hope thatis come ro Mardonins, that makes him ro fight, but onely ſcarcity of ViRuals that forceth
him to do it, conſidering that the Prognoſticarors are all againſt it, that he ſhould give you Battle,
both by reafon of the ill rokens of their Sacrifices, as alſo by the anſwers of their Oracles, which
hath put all theArmy in a marvellous fear, and ſtand in no good hgpe at all. Thus he is forced to
put all at a-venture, or elſe if he will needs lieſtill, to be ſtarved to death for very famine, Afr King
Alexander badimparted this-ſeeret to &rsſtides , he prayed him to keep it to himſelf, and to remem-
ber it in time to come. eAriſtides anſwered him: then, that it was no reaſon he ſhould keep a matter
of {o- great importance as that from Paxſarsas , who was the Lieutenant General of their whole
Army : notwithſtanding, he -promiſed him he -would tell it no man elſe before the Battle, and that
if the gods gave the Gr £c1ans ghe Vitory, be did afſure him, they ſhould all acknowledge his
cat com. and good will ſhewed-unto-them. - After they had talked thus together, King Alexander
him, and returned;back- again : any Ariftides alſo went immediately ro Pauſanias Tent, and
told him theralk King Alexander and he had -rogether. Thereupon the private Captains were ſent
for ſtraight ro Council, and-there order was given, [that every man ſhould have his Bands ready,
for they ſhould fight in the morning. So Pasſanias at that time (as Herodotms writeth) ſaid unto
Ariſtider, that he would remove the ATHzN1ans from theleft to the right Wing, becauſe they
{ſhould have the 'Pzx $1ANs themſelves right before them, and that they ſhould Gobe {o much the
luſtier, both for:that they were acquainted with their fight, as alſo becauſe had overcome them
before in the firſt encounter : and that Himſelf would take the lefr Wing of the Battle, where he
ſhould encounter with the Gx =c1 a Ns that fought on the PzRS1aNs fide, But when all the
other private Captains of the ATHzenians underſtood it, _y were, marvellous angry with
Panſanias, and ſaid he did them wrong, and -had no reaſon 'to let all the other Gxzcrans keep
their place where .they were alwaies appointed, and onely to remove them, as if they were Slaves,
tobe appointed at his pleaſure, now on che one fide, then on the other, and to ſet them in fight
with the valianteſt Sonldiers they had of all their Enemies, Then faid Ari/t:des torhem, that they
knew not what they faid, and how before they miſliked; and did ftrive with the TzG6zarEs, onely
for having the left Wing of the Battle ; and when it was granted, they thought themſelves greatly
; honoured that they were preferred before them, by order of the Captains : and now where the
LactDaMoNIANS were willing of themſelves to give them the place of the right Wing, and did
3n manner offer them the preheminence of the whole Army : they do nor thankfully take the ho-
nour offered them, nor yet do reckon of the vantage and benefit given them to fight againſt the
PERSIANS felves, their ancient Enemies, and not againſt their natural. Countrey men anciently
deſcended of them. When Ariſ:des had uſed all theſe perfwafions unto chem, they were very
well contented «0 change place with the LaczpzmoNnTans : and then all the talk among
them was to enconrage one another , and 'to tell them that the P=ks1axs that came again
them, had no better hearts nor Weapons , then thoſe whom they before had overcome , 1n the
- Plain of MARATHON, For ſaid they, they have the ſame Bows , the ſame rich imbroiderel
Gowns, the ſame golden Chains and Carcanets of womaniſh perſons, hanging on their cowardly
bodies and faint hearts : where we haye alſo the ſame Weaporis and bodies we had, and our hears
more lively and couragious then -before , through rhe ſundry ViRories we have ſince gotten of
them. Futther, we have this advantage more, that we do not fight as our other Confederates the
GRECIANS do, for our Cop Countrey onely, bur alſo to continue the Fame and Renown of
our former noble ſervice, which we wan at the Journeys of MaRAaTHON and of SALAMINA'*
to theend, the World ſhould not think that the Glory of theſe Triumphs and ViRories was due uni
Ailtiades onely, or unto Fortune, but unto the courage and worthineſs of the hm
ARISTIDES.
Thus were the GrEc 1a Ns throughly occupied to change the order of their Battle in haſte. The
THEBANS on the other fide that took part with eAſardonizs, receiving intelligence of the alter-
ing of their Battle, by Traytors that ran -berween both Camps, they ſtraight told «Aſardonins of
it, He thereypon did ſuddenly alſo change the order of his Battle, and placed the right Wing of
the PERSIANS againſt the lett Wing of his Enemies : either becauſe he was afraid of the Arty t-
NIANS, or elſe for greater glory, that he had a defire to fight with the Laczpamoxans,
and commanded the GREc14ns that took his part, that they ſhould fight againſt the ATre xt-
ANS, This alteration was ſo openly done, that every man might ſee it : whereupon Pauſanias re-
moved the La cEDA&MONIANS again, and fet them in the right Wing. eHardonins ſee.
ing that, gemoved the PEeR5s14 Ns again from the right Wing, and brought them to the lefr Wing
(where they were before, againſt the LaACED&MONIAN'S : and thus they conſumed all that day
in changing their men to and fro, So the Captains of the Grec1ans fate in Council at night,
and there they agreed, that they muſt needs remove their Camp, and lodge in ſome other place
where they might have water at commandment : becauſe their Enemies did continualiy trouble and
ſpoil that water they bad about them, with their Horſes: Now when night came, the Capcains
would have marched away with their men, to go to the lodging they had appointed : but the People
went very ill willing, and they had much ado to keep them rogether, For they were no ſooner out
of the Trenches and Fortifications of their Camp, but the moſt part of them ran to the City of
PLATEES, and were marvellouſly out of order, diſperſing themlelyes here and there, and ſer up
their Tents where they thought good, before the places were appointed for them : and there were
none that tarried behind, but the Laczpamonians onely, and that was againſt their wills
for one of their Captains called eAmompharetus, a marvellous hardy man, that feared no danger,
and longed ſore for Battle, he was in ſuch a rage with theſe trifling delays, that he cryed it ont inthe
Camp, that this removing was a goodly running away, and ſware he would not from thence, bur
The Treaſon of
the Thehone.
The ſtubborn-
neſs of Amon
pharetus Caps»
tain of the L4>
would there tarry Mardonius coming with his Company. Payſanias went to him, and told him he 447001417,
muſt do that the other Gxzcians had conſented to in Council, by moft voices. But eAmom-
pharetus took a,great ſtone in his hands, and threw it down at Pauſanias feet, and told him,
There is the ſign I give to conclude Battle, and I paſs not for all your cowardly concluſions, 4-
mompharetxs ſtubborneſs did ſo' amaze Paxſanias, that he was at his wits end, So he ſent unto the
ATHENTANS that were onwards on their way, to pray them to tarry for him, that they might
go together, and therewithall made the reſt of his men to march towards the City of PraTtzts,;
ſuppoſing thereby to have drawn Amompharetus to have followed him, or elſe to let him remain
alone behind, Burt in trifling thus, the day brake : and Aſardonins underſtanding that the G x t-
c14Ns did forſake their firſt lodging, he made his Army preſently march in Battle ray to ſex up-
on the LaczD&moNIAans, So the barbarous People made great ſhouts and cries, not thinki
to go fight, bur to ſack and ſpoil the GrEcians flying away, as indeed they did little better,
For,. Pauſanias ſeeing the countenance of his Enemies, made his Enſigns to ſtay, and commanded
every man to prepare to fight : but he forgot to give the GREcrAans the fignall of the Battle,
either for the anger he took againſt eAmompharetus, or for the ſudden onfer of the Enemies, which
made them that they came not in ftraight, nor all rogether- to the Battle after it was begun; but
ſtragling in ſmall Companies, ſome here, and ſome there. In the mean time, Panſanias was buſic
in ſacrificing to the gods, and ſeeing rhat the firſt Sacrifices were not acceptable unto them, by the
Soothſayers obſervations they made, he commanded the Spartans to throw their Targets ar
their feet; and not to ſtir out of their places, but onely to do as he bade them, without reſiſting
their Enemies. When he had given this ſtraight order, he went again and did Sacrifice, when the
Horſemen -of the Enemies wereat hand, and that their Arrows flew amongſt the thickeſt of the La-
CED.EMONIANS, and did hurt divers of tliem , and ſpecially poor Callicrates among the reſt,
that was one of the goodlieſt men in all the Gxzc1axs Hoaſt and Army. He having his deaths
wound with an Arrow, before he gave up the ghoſt, ſaid, His death did nor grieve bim, becauſe he
came out of his Countrey to die for the defence of GREE ct: buc it grieved him to die ſo coward-
ly, having given the Enemy never a blow. His death was marvellous lamentable, and the conſtancy
of the SpaxTA Ns wonderfull : for they never ſtirred out of their places, nor made any coun-
tenance to defend themſelves againſt their Enemies that came upon them, bur ſuffered themſelves to
be thruſt through with Arrows, and ſlain in the Field, looking for the hour the gods would ap-
Point them , and that their Captains would command them to fight. Some write alfo, that as
Pauſanias was at his Prayers, and doing Sacrifice unto the gods a little behind the Battle, cer-
tain of the Lyvra ns came upon him, and overthrew and took away all his Sacrifice , and thar
Pauſanias, and thoſe that were about- him (having no other Weapons in their hands) drave them
away With force of Staves and Whips. In memory whereof, they ſay there is a folemn Proceſſion
kept at Sparta on that day, which they call the LyD1ans Proceſſion , where they whip and
beat Young Boys abour the Altar. Then was Parſania in great diſtreſs, to ſee the Prieſts offer
Sacrifice upon Sacrifice, and that not one of them pleafed the gods : at the laſt he turned his eyes to
the-Temple of Juno, and wept, and holding up his hands,' beſought Juno Citheron , and all the
other gods ( Patrons and Proteors of the Country of the PLat#1ans ) that if it were not
the will of the godsthe Gxzc1aws ſhould have the Victory, yet that the Conquerors at the leaft
ſhould buy their deaths dearly, and that they ſhould find they tought againſt valiant men, and wor-
thy Souldiers, Pauſania bad no ſooner ended his Prayer, but the Sacrifices fell out very _
| Bb inlomuc
The Buttle of
the Grecians
"g with the Perſt-
4ns,at the City
of Plataes.
Callicrates
lain without
hghing,
Note the obe-
dience of the
Spartan Souls
die:s$ unto
cath.
ARISTIDES.
inſomuch asthe Prieſts and Soothſayers came to promiſe him victory. Thereupon, he traight gave
commandment to march toward the Enemy, which flew from man to man incontinemly that they
ſhould march, $0 as he that had ſeen the Squadron of the LaczpanmoNnians, would have ſaid ir
had been like the body of a fierce Beaſt raiſing up the briſtles, preparing to fight. Then the barbarous
Battle berwix: People faw they ſhould bave hot Battle, and that they ſhould meet with men that would fight it out ro
Cw the death: wherefore they covered their bodies with great Targets after the Pzxs 1am faſhion, and
and Perf4%7. Lftowed their Arrows luſtily upon the La czD4MoN1 a xs, but they keeping cloſe together, and
covering themſelves with their Shields, marched on ſtill upon them, untill they came to joyn with the
Enemy ſo luſtily, that they made their Targers .fly out of their bands with the terrible thrufts and
blows of the Pikes and Spears upon their breaſts, and oyerthwart their faces, that they flew many
of them, and laid them on the ground. For all that, they died not cowardly , but took the La.
CEDEMONIANS Pikes and Spears in their bare hands, and brake them in two by ftrength of their
arms: and then they quickly pluckt out their Cimiters and Axes, and luftily laid about them, and
wrung the LacEDEAMONIANS Shields out of their hands by force, and fought it out with them a
great while hand to hand. Now whileſt: the LaczpamoNIans were buſily fighting with the
barbarous People, the ATHzNnians ſtood till imbartelled far 'off, and kept their ground. But
when they ſaw the LaczD&moNIANS tarry ſo long, andthat they came not, and heard a mar-
vellous noiſe of men as though rhey were fighting, and beſides that there came a ſpeedy Meſſenger
unto them ſent from Paxſanias, toFlet them underſtand they were fighting : then they marched with
all ſpeed they could to help them. But as they were coming on, a great pace over the Plain, unto
that part where they heard the noiſe, the Gzec1ans that were on AMardonixs fide came againſt
them. Ar;/#sdes ſeeing them coming towards them, went a good way before his Company, and
cried out as loud as he could for life, and conjured the Gx£crans in thename of the gods, the Pro-
tetors of GREECE, to leaye oft thele Wars, and not to trouble the ATHENIANS that were go-
ing to help them that ventured their lives, to defend the Commonyealth and fafery of all Gr zce.
But when he ſaw they would needs nghs for any requeſt and conjuration he could uſe, and that they
The Grecians cameftill upon them, -bending themſelyes to give Charge ; then he ſtayed his going to relieve the La-
ViRories of cxpaMONIANS, and was compelled to make head againſt thoſe thar ſet upon him and his Company,
og > --man i they being about fifty thouſand men ; of the which, the moſt part notwithſtanding went their ways, .
. and left the Army, ſpecially when they underſtood the Pzxs14a Ns were overthrown and fled. The
fury of the BattI and cruelleſt Fight (as they ſay) was where the Tut na Ns were : becauſe the Nobi-
lity and chiefeſt men of the Countrey fought very earneſtly for the PER's 14 Ns, but the People refuſed,
being led by a ſmall number ofthe Nobilicy that commanded them, So they fought that day in two
places, the La czpamONIANS being the firſt that overthrew the P:Rs14ms, and made them fly:
Mardoniuzx and they ſlew AMardonins the Kings Lieutenang, with a blow ofa ſtone one Arimneſtus a Spartan
ſlain by Arim- gave him upon his head, rightly as the Oracle of Amphiaras had prophecyed before unto him. For
neſtus a Spar- Aſardonins before the Battle had ſent thither a LyD1an, and a CARIAN unto the Oracle of Thro-
*» Ay oe «. phonins, of the which the Prophet made anſwer untothe Car ran, in the Carran Tongue: and
" * the man of LyD1a lay within the SanRuary of Amphiaranc, where he thought in his dream that one
of the Priefts of the Temple willed him to go out of the place he was in, and he denying it, the Prieft
rook a great ſtone and threw it at his head, and ſo thought he was ſlain with the blow. And thus it is
written, And furthermore, the LaczDamo N1Aans did chaſe the P=xs1 a ns flying into their For-
tifications they had in a Wood : and the ATHENIANS alſo ſhortly after overthrew the Taz zaxs,
whereof thiey ſlew in the Field three hundred of the nobleſt and chiefeſt of them. For eyen 3s the
TaxzBANS began to turn tail, news came unto the ATHENIANS, that the PERS1aNS had entrench-
ed themſelves within their Fort and ſtrength in the Wood, where the La c xD&mo Na ns did beliege
them. The ATHENIANS ſuffered the GREC1A Ns that fled to fave themſelves, and they went to help
the LaczbamoNIANS, to take the Fort of the barbarous People : who went before but (lenderly 2-
bout it, becauſe they had no experience to make an aflault, nor force upon a Wall, But fo ſoon as the
. ATHENIANS Came in to them, they ſtraight took it by aſſault, and made great ſlaughter of the Pzx-
Txo tundrea STANS and barbarous People. For of three hundred thouſand fighting men that Afardonius hadin
and threeſcore Þis Camp, there were ſaved onely but forty thouſand, led under Artab4z45 : and of the Gxzcrans
thouſand Per- fide there were not ſlain above thirteen hundred and threeſcore in all ; amongſt which alſo there were
fans lain, twoand fifty ATHEN1ANs, all ofthe Tribe of e&artides,the which had done more valiantly that day
A (ng 4 than any other Tribe, as (1:demws writeth, And this isthe cauſe why the santides made a ſolemq
ond chreetiore Sacrifice unto the Nymphs Sphragitides, at the common charge, according $0 the order given them
Grecians flain, by the Oracle of eApollo, to give them thanks for this Victory, Of the Laczpanonians there
died fourſcore and eleven : and of the TEGEA Ts fixteen, But I marvell, Herodorss faith, that none
but theſe People onely fought in that Journey againſt the barbarous Nation, and no other Gxz c14n5
beſides : for the number of the dead bodies, and their graves alſo do fſhew that it was a general Vidto-
ry and Exploit of all the Gxzc1ans together. And moreover, if there had been bur theſethree
People onely that had fought againſt them, and that all the reſt had ſtood and looked on, and done
nothing: ſure there had been no ſuch Epigram as this engraven upon the Altar or Tomb that was {et
up in the place of the Battle :
—
when tbe Vittorious Greeks, had driven out of their Land
The Perſians by force of Arms, which long did them withſtand,
the.
PEE IEEEIS tt
"ARISTIDES. 283
——S
—
They built to mighty Fove, this holy Altar here,
And made it common for all Greece, as plainly may appear,
In guerdon of the good, which he did them reſtore,
In guerdon of thesr liberty, which lik'd them evermore,
This Battle was fought the fourth day of the Moneth which the ArHz N1 ans call Bedromion, that
is, about the Moneth of July, or after the Bo £01 Ns account, the fix and twentieth of the Monerh
they call Panems, on which day there is kept a common Aſſembly of the Eſtates of Gxe tc, in the
City of PLaT Es, where the PLaT&1ANs make a ſolemn Sacrifice unto Fupiter, ProteQor of their
Liberty, to give him thanks alwaies for this Victory. It is no marvell that there was ſuch difference
then berwixt the Moneths and Days, conſidering that even now when Aſtronomy is more perfectly un-
derſtood than it was then, ſome do yer begin and end their Moneths at one day, and ſome at another.
After this gre# Battle and Overthrow of the barbarous People, there aroſe a great ſtrife betwixt the Strife berwis*
ATHENIANS and the LacED&MONIANS, touching the reward and honour of the Victory, For the Atheniazs
the ATHENIANS would not give place unto the LAcED&MoNIANS, nor ſuffer them to«ſet up any and LL
Tokens or Signs of Triumph, Whereupen the Gxzcrans running to Arms in mutiny together, Nt = =
by this occaſion they had almoſt ſpoiled one another : had not Ar:ftides through his wiſdom and wiſe yictory.
perſwaſions, ſtayed and quieted the other Captains his Companions, and ſpecially one Leocrates and
Myronides, whom he wan with ſuch diſcreet and gentle words, that they were contented to refer it
wholly unto the Arbitrement and Judgment of the other People of GREECE. So the GREcians
met in the ſame place together, purpoſely to decide their Controverſies. In this Council holden there,
Theogiton a Captain of the MEGARIANS, ſaid for his opinion, that to avoid the Civil War mighr
grow between the GREC1A NS upon this quarrell : he thought ir more requiſite, to appoint over the
reward and honour of this Viory-.unto ſome other City, then to any of the two that fell our about ir.
After him roſe up Cleocritus CORINTHIA N, ſeeming to every man there that he would have requeſt-
ed this honour for the City of Cox1NTH, being indeed the third City in eſtimation of all Gxzt ct, Corinth the
next unto SPARTA and ATHENS : howbeit he made an Oration in commendation of the Prat #1- third Ciry of
ANS, Which was marvellouſly liked, and well thought of by every man : for his opinion went flatly <ftimarion in
with the PLAT &1ANS, that to end this ſtrife, they ſhould give the honour of this ViRory unto the _
City of PLAT ts,and ſo would neither of both parties be angry that they ſhould be honoured. Up- p ns
on his words Ariſtides firſt agreed on the ATHEN1 a Ns behalf, and then Pauſanias for the Lac Et- Corinth.
DEMONIANS, Thatthe PLaT &1AaNs ſhould have the Reward. Now they both being agreed, be- The Grecians
fore the ſpoil was divided between them, they ſer aſide fourſcore Talents that were given to the PL a- 89" —
T.£14 NS, With the which they built a Temple unto eAinerva, and gave her an Image, and ſet out Vigory —_
all her Temple with Pictures that remain whole untill this day : and the Laczpamo Na Ns notwith- the Plateians,
ſtanding, did ſet up their tokens of ViRory by themſelves, and the ATHENTA Ns theirs alſo by them-
ſelves. So the ſending unto the Oracle of eApollo in the City of Der yHos, to know unto what
gods, and how they ſhould do ſacrifice : «Apollo anſwered them , that they ſhould build up an
Altar unto Zpiter, ProteRor of their liberty ; howbeit that they ſhould pur no ſacrifice upon it, un-
till they had firſt put out all the fire through the whole Countrey, becauſe it had been polluted and
defiled by the Barbarous People:and then, that they ſhould fetch pure and clean fire at the common Al-
tar, whereon they do facrificeunto «Apollo Pytbias, inthe City of DELPHos. This anſwer being
delivered, The great Lords and Officers of GRE tc x went through all the Countrey to pur out the fire
every where. And there was a man of the ſame City of PraT Es at that time called Exchidas, that
came and offered himſelf, and promiſed he would bring them fire from the Temple of «Apollo Py-
thias, with all poſſible ſpeed that might be, So when he cameo the City of Der enos, after he
had ſprinkled and purified his body with clean Water, he put a Crown of Laurell upon his Head, and
went in that manner to take fire fromthe Altar of eApoll#. When he had done, he hied him again as The wonder-
faſt as be could run for life, unto the City of Pat ts, and came thither before the Sun was ſet, ha- fu! ow ot
ving come and gone that day a thouſand furlongs. Bur after he had ſaluted his Citizens, and delivered 3j: r= gow
them the fire he brought, he fell down dead at their feet, and gave up the Ghoſt, The PLatT&1A Ns for. *
lift himup ark dead, and buried him in the Temple of Diana Exclia, to ſay, of good renown: and
cauſed afterwards this Epitaph following to be graven upon his Tomb,
Engraved here doth lie, Enchidas ſpeedy man, as
Who in one day both too and fro, to Delphos lightly ran : re 4 Epi %
Even from thu ſelf ſame place, which thou doſt here behold, taph.
Snch haſte, poſt haſte, he ſwiftly made , thereof thou maiſt be bold.
Many think that this goddeſs Exclia is Diana, and ſothey call her. But other hold opinion ſhe
was the. Daughter of Hercules, and Myrto the Nymph Menetins Daughter, and Parroclus liſter,
that died a Virgin, and was honoured afterwards as a goddeſs of the BozoTt1ans, and of the Lo-
CRIANS, For inalltheir Cities and Towns in open places, they find an Altar and Image dedicated
unto her : and all that are married, do ſacrifice to her upon that Altar, Afterwards there wasa Ge- **$00er7 |
neral Council holdnnby all the Grzc1a xs, in the which Ariſtides made a motion thar all the ,\4,. cry of
Cities of GREECE ſhould yearly ſend their deputies ar a certain day appointed, unto the _ of Plarece.
Bhz L A=
Ageneral
4RISTIDES..
Prat&ts, there to make their prayers and ſacrifices unto the gods: and that from five
years, to five.years, they ſhould celebrate common Games, that ſhould be called the Games of Li-
rty : and that they ſhould alſo levy through all the Provinces of GRE=cE, for maintenance of the
Wars againſt the PExs1AaNns and barbarous People, ten thouſand Footmen, a thouſand Horſemen,
and a Fleet of an hundred Sail. Alſo that the Prat #1ans thenceforth ſhould be taken for de-
vout and holy men, and that no man ſhould be ſo hardy as to hurt or offend them , and that the
ſhould onely tend the Sacrifices unto the gods, for the health and proſperity of Gxzz cs. All which
Articles were enaGted in form and manner aforeſaid, and the PLaT&14aNns bound themſelves yearly
<olems Sacri- £0 keep ſolemn Sacrifices and Aniverſaries for the Souls of the Gt cra xs that were ſlain in their
fice and Fune- Territories, fighting for defence of the liberty of the Gxec1ans: And this they obſerve yet unto
rals kept bythe this day in this ſort, The ſixteenth day of the Moneth of «ematterion (which the Bozo T1 a ws
Platelancyear- call eFlalcomenies, and is about the Moneth of January) they go a Proceſſion, and before the Pro.
iy _— - - Ceſſion goeth a Trumpeter that ſoundeth the Alarum: Then there follow certain Chariots loaden with
Nain ar the Bax branches of Firr-tree, and with Noſegays and Garlands of Triumph : then a black Bll, and certain
tle of Platzes, Young Gentlemen noble mens Sons, that carry great Cawdrons with two ears full of Wine and Milk,
ſuch as they uſe to pour upon the Graves of dead men for propitiatory Oblations , and other young
Boys free born, that carry Oyls, Perfumes, and other ſweer Odours in Vial Glaſſes : for no Servant
or Bondman may lawfully be admitted to have any Office about this Myſtery, for that thoſe whoſe
Memory they honour, died all gghting for defence of the Liberty of Gxzzcz. After all this ſhew,
followeth the Provoſt of the PLaT&1Ans for that time being, laſt of all : who may not all the reſt
of the year beſides, ſo much as touch any Iron, nor wear any other coloured Gown but white. How-
beit then he weareth on a Purple-coloured Coat, and holdeth a Funeral Pot in one of his hands,
which he taketh in the Town-Houſe, and a naked Sword in the other hand, and ſo goeth through the
City in this ſort after all the Pomp aforeſaid, unto the Church-yard where all their Graves be that
were lain at that Battle. So when he cometh thither, he draweth water out of a Well that is there,
and with the ſame he waſheth the fourſquare Pillars and Images that ſtand upon thoſe Tombs, and then
anointeth chem with Oyls and ſweet Savours : afterwards, he ſacrificeth a Bull, and layeth him upon
a heap of Wood hard by him, as they do when they burn the bodies of dead men ; and making cer-
tain Prayers and Petitions unto Jupiter and Mercyry, gods of the Earth, he doth ſolemnly invite
the ſouls of thoſe valiant men that died fighting forthe liberry of Gxzzcs, unto the Feaſt of the
Funeral Sacrifice, Then he taking a Cup full of Wine in his hand, and ſpilling it all upon their
Tombs, he ſpeaketh theſe words aloud : 1 drink to the worthy and valiant men, that died ſometime in
defence of the liberty of Gxztcz, This ſolemn Ceremony- and Aniverſary, the PLaT&1ans do
duly obſerve unto this preſent day. Now when the ATHENIANS were returned to ATHE Ns,
Ariſtides pre- eAriſtides perceiving the People were bent to ſtabliſh a Popular State, where the People might bear
ferrerh the po- the whole Rule and Authority, judging them well worthy to be conſidered of, in reſpe& of their no-
pular Stare. ble Service and valiant courage they had ſhewed in this War : and conſidering alſo that they would
hardly be brought to like of any other Government, being yerin Arms, and very ftout, by reaſon of
the famous Victories oy had obtained : he cauſed a Law to be made, that all Authority of Govern-
ment ſhould run in equali
ty among the Citizens, and that thenceforth all Burgeſſes (as well poor as
rich) ſhould be choſen by voices of the People, and promoted ro Offices within the Ciry, And
moreover , when Themsſtocles told in open Afembly, that he had a thing in his head, would 'be
greatly to the profit and commodity of the State, but yet it was not to be ſpoken openly for divers
reſpe&s : the People willed him to tell it unto Ar:ft:aes onely, and to take his advice in it, to
A wicked de- know whether it was meet to be done, or not. Then Themsſtocles told him ſecretly between them,
vice of Themi- that hethought to ſer the Arcenall on fire, where all the Gxzc1ans Ships lay : alleadging, that by
oe. this means the ATHEN1a Ns ſhould be the greateſt men of power in all Gazzcs. Ariftides hear-
riſtides ſen= . .
tenceupon ing that, without any more, came preſently to the People again, and told the whole Council open-
Themiſto:les ly, that nothing could be more profitable indeed for the whole Commonwealth, and withall more
device. wicked and unjuſt, then that Themsſtocles thought good rodo,” When the People heard Ariſtsdes
on | ov curtud Anſwer, they willed T' ory to let his device alone whatſoever it were : ſo great Juſticers were
Ariſtides and he ATHENIANS , and fo much did they truſt Ariſtides wiſdom and equity beſides, So they
Cimon Gene- made Ariſtides afterwards General of the Army of the ATHEtN1 ans together with Cimon, and
rals ofthe A- ſent them to make War againſt the barbarous People. Ari/tides at his coming thither, ſecing
_— "br © 4uſanias , and the other Captains that were Generals over the whole Army , dealing hardly
Pous Poople 20d Churliſhly wich the People their Confederates , he on the contrary fide , ſpake gently unto
Ariſtides xa " them, and ſhewed himſelf as courteous and familiar to them as he could poſlible, making his
tice and yertue companion alſo familiar to all, and juſt to every body, not oppreſling ſome to eaſe other, inde-
took from the fraying the charges of the Wars. Ariſtides taking this courſe, it was not noted how by little
Lacedemonians 14 little he cut off the Rule and Authority of the Laczpamonians in GREECE , not by
all cheir Rule
and Authoriry force of, Arms, nor by Ships, nor by number of Horſes, but onely by his grave and wiſe G0-
in Greece, vernment. For if the Juſtice and Vertue of Ariſtides, and the mildneſs and courteſie of Cimor,
Pauſanis made the Government of the ArHENn1ANs to beliked of and accepted of all the other People ot
proud andco= GREECE : the covetouſneſs, pride and fierceneſs of Panſanias, made ir much more to be deli-
Panſania <rue1 3d. For Pauſanias never ipake unto the other Captains of the People, Allies, and Confederates,
puniſhing of Þut it wasever in choler, and he was too ſharp with them : and for the poor private Souldiers, he
his Souldiers. Would cauſe them to be cruelly whipped for every ſmall offence, or elſe make them —
| ay
ARISTIDES.
day together on their feer, laying a heavy iron Anchor upon their ſhoulders. No man durſt go for-
rage, neither for Straw, nor Reeds to make them Couches of, nor durſt water their Horſe betore the
SPARTANS : for he had ſer Scouts for them tg whip them home, that went out before them. And
one day when A4ri/tides thought to have ſpoken to him, and to have told him ſomething, he frow-
ned upon him : and faid he had no leifure to ſpeak with him now, and ſo would not hear him :
whereupon the Captains of the other GREc1ANs, and ſpecially thoſe of C10 , of Samos,
and of Lz$sB0s, did afterwards follow eAr:ſtides, and perſwaded him to' rake upon him the charge
and Authority to command the other People of GrEz cs, and to take into his protection the Al-
lies and Confederates of the ſame, who long fithence wiſhed to revolt from the Government of the
LACEDEMONIANS, and onely to ſubmit themſelves unto the ArHENIiaNs. Ariſtides an-
* ſwered them thus: that they had not onely reaſon to do that they ſaid, bur that they were alſo con-
ſtrained rodo it. Notwithftanding, becauſe the ATHEN1 a Ns might have good ground and aſſu-
rance of their undoubted fidelity and m ſervice, they ſhould deliver them manifeſt reftimony and
aſſurance thereof, by ſome famous act attempted againſt the Laczvdamon1ans, whereby their
People hereafter durſt never fall from the League of the Arizenians, Uliades SAMIAN, and
Antagoras of C10 hearing him ſay ſo, both C aptains of GarLeys confedered together : they
went one day to ſet upon the Admiral Galley of Pauſanias, bara by BrzaNnT1um, the one of
the one fide of her, and the other. on the other fide, as ſhe was rowing before all the Fleet. Pau-
ſanias ſeeing them, ſtood up ſtraight in a marvellous rage againſt them, and threatned them that before
it were long he would make them know, they had been better to have aſſaulted their own natural
- Countrey, than to have ſet upon him as they had done. But they anſwered him, and bade him ger
him away quickly if he were wiſe, and let him thank Fortune hardly, that granted the Gxzc1-
ANS victory at the Battle of PLaT&Es under his leading : and that it was nothing elſe but the
onely reverence and reſpe& of the ſame, that had made the GrEc1ans hold their hands till now,
from giving him that juſt puniſhment his pride and arrogancy had deſerved. ' So the end was, they
left the LacE:D&MONIANS, and ſtuck unto the ATHENIANS : wherein was eaſily diſcerned
the great courage and wonderfull magnanimity of the LaczDaMoNn1ians. For when they ſaw
their Captains were marred and corrupted, through the over-great Authority and liberty they had,
they willingly gave up their commandment over the other GRECIANS, and did no more ſend their
Captains to be Generals of the whole Army of GrEEct : thinking it better for their Citizens,
that chey ſhould be obedient, and in every point obſerve the Diſcipline and Law of their Countrey,
than if they had been otherwiſe the onely Rulers and Lords over the whole Countrey. Now at what
time the LaczD&MoNIANS did command all GREECE, as Lords, the Cities and People of
GREECE, did pay a certain ſum of Money , towards defraying of the charges of the Wars
againſt the barbarous People, Bur after that their Seigniority and Rule was taken from them, the
GRECIAN'S were contented a Tax ſhould be levied, and that eyery City ſhould be reaſonably
ſeſſed, according to their wealth and ability : becauſe every Ciry might know what they ſhould pay.
And for this purpoſe, they prayed the ATHENTANs they would appoint Ay:/tides totake order
for it, unto whom they gave tull Power and Authority to tax and fels every Ciry indifferently,
conſidering the greatneſs of the Territory, and the Revenues of the ſame, asevery one was reaſon-
ably able to bear it. But if Ariſtides were poor when he entred into that great charge and Office of
Authority, wherein all Gxztcz in manner did refer themſelves unto his diſcretion : he came our of
that Office mare poor, and had made his Aſſeſſment and Taxation not onely juſtly and cruly, bur alſo
ſo indifferently according to every mans ability, that there was no fman could find fault with his
doings. And like as the ancient mien in old time did celebrateand fing out the bleſſedneſs of thoſe
that lived under the Reign of. Saturn, which they called che Golden Age: even ſo did the People
and Confederates of the ATHEN1A Ns afterwards honour the Aſſeſſment made my Ariſtides, cal-
ling it the fortunate and bleſſed tjme of Gat tc, and ſpecially, when ſhortly after ir did double, and
treble on the ſudden, For the Tax Ariſtsdes made, came to about four hundred and threeſcore Ta-
lents : and Pericles raiſed it almoſt unto a third part, For Thucydides writeth, that at the beginning
of the Wars of PELoPONNEsSUs, the ATHENIANS levied fix hundred Talents yearly upon their
Confederates. And after the death of Pericles, the Orators and Counſellors for matters of State, did
raiſe it up higher by little and little, untill it mounted to the ſum of thirteen hundred Talents. And
this was not becauſe the Wars did riſe to ſo great a charge, by reaſon of the length of the ſame, and of
the loſſes the ATHENIANS had received : but for that they did accuſtom the People to make diſtri-
butions of Money by hand unto every Citizen, to make them ſet up Games, and make goodly Images,
and to build up ſumptuous Temples. Thus was Ari/#5des therefore juſtly honoured, praiſed and eſtee-
med aboye all others, for his juſt impoſition of Taxes, ſaving onely of Themiſtocles : who went up and
down Hfleering at the matter, ſaying it wasno meet praiſe for an honeſt man, but rather for a Coffer
well barred with Iron, where a man might ſafely lay up his Gold and Silver. This he ſpake to be even
with Ariſtides, which was nothing like the ſharp gird Ariſtides gave him openly, when Themiſtocles
talking with him, told him it was an excellent thing for a Captain to be able to know, and to pre-
vent the counſels and doings of the Enemies : And ſo it is, ſaid Ariſtides again, not onely a needfull,
bur an honeſt thing, and micet for a worthy General of an Army, to be clean fingered , withour
Bribery or corruption, $0 Ariſtides made all the other People of Gx EE ct to ſwear, that they
would truly keep the Articles of the Alliance, and he himſelf as General of the ATHEN1ans,
did- take their Oaths inthe name of the AT#4sN1ans: and ſo pronouncing execrations and curſes
.. Bb 3 againſt
Ariſtides fine
erial of Tray-
tors,
The rebeilious
at of Yliades
and Antagorss
3gainſt Pauſ4-
nas,
The rempe-
rance of the
Lacedamenians
Ariſtides did
ſels the Cities
of Greece.
Ariſtides 2
rrae Seflor,
Taunts be-
tween Them;-
ſtocles and A-
riftides.
ARISTIDE..
Ariſtides pre-
againſt them that ſhould break the League and Oath taken, he threw: Iron Wedges red hot into the
Sea, and prayed the gods to deſtroy them even ſo, that did violate their vowed faith. Notwithſtand-
ing, afterwards in my opinion, when there fell out greqt alteration in the State, and that the Arty z-
N1ANS were forced to rule more ftraightly than before : eAr:ftides then' willed the ATrHtxans to
lethim bear the danger and burden of perjury and execration, and that they ſhould not let for fear
thereof to do any thing whatſoever they thought meet or neceſſary. To conclude, Theophraſtus wri-
teth, that eAriſtides was not onely a perfect, an honeſt, and juſt man, in private matters betwixt par-
ty and party : but in matters of State, and concerning the Commonweal, he did many things often
rimes according to the neceſlity of the time, and troubles of the City, wherein violence and injuſtice
was to be uſed. As when the queſtion was asked in open Council, tro know whether they might take
ferred neceſſity away the Gold and Silver, that was left in the Iſle of De Los ſafely laid up in the Temple of Apollo,
of time, before
Law and Rea-
ſon,
Ariſtides glo»
ried in hispo-
verty,
A hard thing
ro away With
Poverty.
Who may be
aſhamed of
Poverty.
Ariſtides com
mended of
Plato.
Ariſtides tem-
perance unto
Themiſtocles,
Ariſtidesdeath
Ariſtides con-
demned for
Extoxrion,
to bear out the charges of the Wars againſt the barbarous People, and to bring it from thence unto
ATHENS, upon the motion of the SAm1a ns, although it was directly againſt the Arricles of the Al-
liance, made and ſworn among alltheGrRzcians , Ariſtides opinion being asked in the ſame, he
anſwered : it was not juſt, bur yet profitable. Now, notwithſtanding eſr:/tides had brought his Ci.
ty to rule and command many thouſands of People, yet was he ſtill poor for all that, and till his dying
day he gloried rather to be praiſed for his poverty, then for all the famous ViRtories and Battles he had
won : and that plainly appeared thus. Callias (eres Torch-bearer, was hisnear Kinſman, who through
Enemies came to be accuſed, and ſtood in hazard of life : ſo when the day came that his matter was to
be heard before the Judges, his Accuſers very faintly, and to little purpoſe, uttered the offences where.
of they accuſed him, and running into other by-matters, left che chief matter, and ſpake thus to the
Judges : My Lords, you all know e1r:ſtides the Son of Lyſimachus, and you are not ignorant alſo
that his Vertue hath made him more eſteemed, than any man elſe is, or can be, in all Gxzz cz. How
think ye, doth he live at home, when you ſee him abroad up and down the City, in athread-bare gown
all to be tattered ? Is it not likely, trow-ye, that he is ready to ſtarve at home for lack of meat and re-
lief, whom we all ſee quake for very cold, being ſo ill arrayed and clothed ? And yet M. Callias here
his Couſin-german the richeſt Citizen inall ATH= Ns, is ſo miſerable, that notwithſtanding Ariſti.
des hath done much for him, by reaſon of his great Credit and Authority among you, he ſuttered him
and his poor Wife and Children ready to beg and ſtarve for any help he giveth them. {alias percei-
ving the Judges more angry with him forthat, then for any matter clſe he was accuſed of : he prayed
eAriſtides might be ſent for, and willed him to tell truly, whether he had not offered him good round
ſums of Money, many a time and oft, and entreated him to take it ; which he ever refuſed , and an-
ſwered him alwaies, That he could better boaſt of his Poverty, than himſelf could of his Riches: (which
he ſaid many did uſe ill, and few could uſe chem well) and that it was a hard thing to find one man of
a noble mind, that could away with Poverty, and that ſuch onely might be aſhamed of Poverty,
as were poor againſt their wills, So Ari/#5des confirmed all he ſpake to be true: and every man that
was at the hearing of this matter, went wholly away with this opinion, that he had rather be poor as
eAriſtides, then rich as Calt5as, This tale is written thus by <£ſchines the Socratian Philoſopher :
and. Plato reporteth of him alſo, that notwithſtanding there were many other famous and noble men
of ATHENS, yet he gave Ariſtides praiſe above them all. For others, ſaid he, = Themiſtocles,
(imon, and Pericles) have beautified the City with ſtately Porches, and ſumptuous Buildings of Gold
and Silver,and with ſtore of other fine ſupertluous devices: but A4r:tzdes was onely he, that vertuoully
diſpoſed himſelf and all his doings, to the furtherance of the State and Commonweal. His Juſtice and
good nature appeared plainly in his doings, and behaviour towards Themiſtocles, For though Themi-
ſtocles was ever againſt Ariſtides in all things, and a continual Enemy of his, and that by his means and
practiſe he was baniſhed from ATHENs : yet when Themiſtocles was accuſed of Treaſon to the State,
having divers ſharp Enemies againſt him, as C:imon, Alcmeon, with divers other , eAriſtides ſought
not revenge, when he had him at his advantage. For he neither ſpake nor did any thing againſt him at
that time to hurt him : neither did he rejoice to ſee his Enemy.in miſery, no more then if he had never
envied him in his proſperity, And touching Ari/t5des death, ſome write that he died in the Realm of
PoxNTus, being ſent thither about matters of the State : and other think he died an old man in the Ci-
ty of ATHENS, greatly honoured and beloved of all the Citizens. But Crater the Mac £00 NIAN
writeth of his death in this ſort : After that Themsſtocles (ſaith he) was fled, the People of ATaens
became very ſtubborn and inſolent ; whereupon, many lewd men grew to be common appeachers and
accuſers of the Noble men and chiefeft Citizens, and to ftir up the malice and ill will of the common
People againſt them, who were waxen proud by reaſon of their Proſperity, and Dominion that was
enlarged. Among the reſt, Arftides was condemned for Extortion and ill behavionr in the Common-
wealth, upon one Dzophantes accuſation, of the Village of AmpH1TtROPE : who burdened him, that
he took Money of the lon1a Ns, to make the annual Tribute Ceſs which they payed unto ATHENS:
and ſo Craterws ſaith, that becauſe Ariſtides was not able to pay the Fine they ſet upon his head (which
was five Minas) he was driven to forſake ATHENS, and to get himinto Io nt a, where he died. Ye!
doth not Crateras bring forth any probable matter to prove this true he writeth : as his pleading, bis
Sentence and condemnation, or any Decree paſſed againſt him, although he uſed great diligence elſe in
colleRing all ſuch matrers, and vouching his Authors. Furthermore, all other Writers that have
ſpecially noted the faults and offences committed by the People of ATHzns in former times againlt
their Captainsand Goyernours: they do declare Themsſtocles exile, Milriades captivity that died in
Priſon, Pericles Fine wherein he was condemned, and Paches death that flew himſelf in the Pul - for
: 1a-
ARISTIDES.
ee nn ee
—
Orations, when he ſaw he was condemned : and tell divers ſuch Stories, adding too alſo A4ri#:ides ba-
niſhment z but yet they make no matter of mention of the condemnation which Craterus ſpeaketh of,
Moreover, Ar:ſtides Tomb is to be ſeef at this day upon the Haven of PH a 1trus, which was ſer up
for him at the charge of the Commonwealth, as it is reported, becauſe he died ſo poor a man, as they
found nothing in his houſe to bury hint with, Other go further, and ſay that his Daughters were mar-
ried by Decree of the People, at the charge of the Commonwealth, that the City gave every one
of them three thouſand Drachmas : and his Son Lyſimachss, a hundred Minas of Silver, and a hundred
Tugera ; and at Alcibiades requeſt, who was the Author of the Decree, they gave him four Drach-
mas a day beſides, of ordinary allowance, Furthermore, when this Lyſimachus died, he left alive
one onely Daughter called Polycrite, whom the People appointed, as Caliſthenes writeth, as much
Proviſion to live withall, as they gave to any that wan the Olympian Games, And fithence, Demetri-
3s PHALERIAN, Hieronymus RHODIAN, eAriſtoxenus the Muſitian, and eAriftotle the Philoſo-
pher, at leaſt if the Book intituled of Nobiliry be any of Ariſtorles Works ; all theſe agree together,
that one Myrto, Ariſtides Daughters Daughter, waswmarried to the wiſe Socrates, who took her to
his Wife (having a Wife already) becauſEſhe was a pdar. Widow, and could not be married for her
Poverty, having much ado tolive. Yet Panatixe doth white againſt him, in his Book of Socrates
Life. Burt Demetrius PHALERIA N Writeth in his Book hetncituled Socrates, that he could remem-
ber very well he had ſeen one Lyſimachyt, Ariſtides.Sons Son, or his Daughters Son, that was very
poor, and lived of that he could get to interpret Dreams, by certain Tables, wherein was written the
Art to interpret the fignification of Dreams ; and that h&-kept commonly about the Temple of Bac -
chus called Iacchion, unto whom, together with his Mother and his Sifter, he ſaid he had cauſed the
People to give them a Triobulum a piece, every day towards their living, Itis very true, that the ſelf-
ſame Demetrins PHALERIA N, when he reformed the State of ATHENs, ordained that his Mother
and Siſter ſhould have each of them a Drachma by the day to find them withall, out of the com-
Ariſtides romb
The Athenians
thanktulneſs
unto Ariſtidcs
children,
Myrto, Ariſti-
des Daughters
Daughter,
married unto
Socrates,
The Athenians
mon Chamber of the City. And it is no new nor ſtrangething, that the People of Aryzxs were ſo commended
carefull to help and to relieve the Women that dwelt in their.City ; conſidering that in times paſt, 4-
riſtogiton baving a little Daughter in the Iſle of LzmwNos, in very hard and poor eſtate, and that
could not be beſtowed in marriage for her Poverty, they cauſed her to be brought to Aras, and
married her in one of the Nob K Houſes of the City, and made her a Joynter beſides in the Village of
PoTAamos. Which great courteſie and humanity of theirs, hath ever deſerved great fame and com-
mendation, and yet continuetheven untill this day, in that noble City of ATi z xs, inthe mouth of e-
very man there,
The End of Ariſtides Life,
for their libe»
rality,
THELIFEOF.
M ARCUS(AT O the Cenſor.
Ant. Chriſt.
190.
"Ann. Muxd,
3758.
gem Arcus Cato and his Anceſtors, were (as they ſay) of the Ciry of Txuscu-
& LUM : but before he went unto the Wars, and dealt in matters of the Common-
wealth, he dwelt and lived in the Conntrey of the Sa sy ws, upon certain Land
his Father left him. And though to many his Anceſtors were known to have
K been obſcure ; yer he himſelf did highly commend his Father Afarcss, by bear-
y ing his name, and ſaying he was a Souldier, and had ſerved valiantly in the Field.
And heelleth alſo of another (Ao that was his great Grandfather, who for his
valiant ſervice had been oft rewarded of the Generals,with ſuch honourable gifts,
as the Romans did uſe to give unto them that had done ſome famous a& in any Battle ; and how that
he having loſt five Horſes of ſervice in the Wars, 'the value of the ſame was reſtored to him again in
Money of the common Treaſure, becauſe he had ſhewed himſelf trufty and valiant for the Common-
Cato called an Wealth. And where they had a common ſpeech at Ro x, to call them upftarts that were no Gentle-
men born, but did riſe by vertue : it fortuned {to to be called one of them, And for his part he did
confeſs ir, that he was the firſt of his Houſe that ever had honour, and Office of State : bur by reaſon
. of the noble ats and guod ſervice of his Anceſtors, he maintained he was very ancient, He was called
at the beginning after his third name, Priſcw: but afterwards by reaſon of his great wiſdom and ex-
. . Perience, he was ſurnamed {Zto, becauſe the Romans call a wiſe man, and him that hath ſeen much,
_——_ ato. He was ſomewhat given to be red-faced, and had a pair of ſtaring eyes in his head, as this man
Cato, rellech us, that for ill will wrote theſe Verſes of him after his death :
Pluto (the god) which rules the Furies infernall,
Will not receive the damned ghoſt, of Porcius in hu ball.
. Hts ſawcy coppered noſe, and fierce ſtaring eyes,
Hyius common ſlanderous tales, which he did in thu world deviſe,
Made Pluto ſtand in dread, that he would brawl in Hell,
Although his bones were dry and dead. on Earth he was ſo fell.
Furthermore, touching the diſpoſition of his body ; he was marvellous ftrong and lufty, and all
Cato's manners becauſe he did uſe to labour and toil even from his youth, and live ſparingly, as one that was ever
and life. brought up in the Wars from his youth; ſo that he was of a very good conſtitution, both for
ſtrength of body, and for health. As for utterance, he eſteemed it as a ſecond body , and moſt
neceſſary gift, not onely to make men honeft, but alſo as athing very requiſite for a man that ſhould
bear ſway and Authority in the Commonwealth. He praiſed to ſpeak well in little Villages near
home, whither he went many times to plead mens Cauſes in Courts judicial, that would retain
him of Counſell : ſo as in ſhort time he became a perfe& Pleader, and had tongue at will, and in pro-
Cato an excel- ceſs of time became anexcellent Orator. After he was thus well known, they that were familiar
lent Orator. with him, began to perceive a grave manner and behaviour in his life, and a certain noble = in
im,
upſtart,
MARCUS CAT 0.
him, worthy to be employed in matters of State and great importanct, and to be called into the
Commonwealth, For he did not onely refuſe to take Fees for his pleading and followed the Cauſes
he maintained : but furthermore made no reckoning of the- eſtimation he wan by that manner and
praiſe, as though that was not the onely Mark he ſhot at. Burt his defire reached further, rather
to win himſelf Fame by Service in the Wars, and by valiant fighting with his Enemy, then with
ſuch a quiet and pleaſing manner of life. Inſomnch as when he was but a young ftripling in manner,
he bad many cuts upon his breaſt, which he had received in divers Battles and Encounters againſt the
Enemies, For he himſelf writerh, that he was but ſeventeen years old, when he went firſt unto
the Wars, which was about the time of F7annibals chief proſperity, when he ſpoiled and deſtroy-
ed all IraLy. So when he came to fight he would ſtrike luſtily, and never ſtir foot nor give back ,
and would look cruelly upon his Enemy, and threaten him with a fearfull and terrible voice, which
he uſed himſelf, and wiſely taught other alſo to uſe the like : for ſuch countenances, ſaid he, many
times do fear the Enemies morethan the Sword ye offer them, When he went any Journey, he
ever marched on foot, and carried his Armour upon his back, and had a man waiting on him, that
carried his Victuals with him, with whom he was never angry (as they ſay) for any thing he had pre-
pared for his Dinner or Supper, bur did help to drels it himſelf for the moſt part, ic he had any
leiſure, when he had done the duty of a private Souldier in fortifying the Camp, or ſuch other need-
full buſineſs. All che while he was abroadiin Service in the Wars, he never drank other than clean
Water, unleſs ir were when he found he was not well, and then he would take a little Vinegar : but
if he ſaw he were weak, he would then drink a little Wine. Now it fortuned that Manins Curins
the Roman, who had triumphed thrice, had a pretty Houſe and Land hard by Caro, where he kept
in times paſt, which Cato for a while would viſit oft, And he conſidering how little Land he had to his
Houſe, and what a little Houſe he had withal, and how poorely it was built, wondred with himſelf
what manner of man Curizs had been, that having been the greateſt man of Roms in his time, and
having ſubdued the mightieſt Nations and People of all ITALY, and driven King Pyrr,« alſo out of
the ſame : yer himſelf with his own hands did manure that little patch of ground, and dwell in ſo
poor and ſmall a Farm, Whither notwithſtanding atter his three Triumphs, the Sa mNx1tzs
ſent their Ambaſſadors to viſit him, who found him by the fires (ide ſeething of Parſeneps, and
preſented him a marvellous deal of Gold, from their State and Commonalty, But {ri returned
them again with their Gold, and told them, that ſuch as were contented with that Supper, had no
need of Goldnor Silver : and that for his part, he thought it greater honour ro command them that
had Gold, than to have it himſelf. Cato remembring theſe things to himſelf, went home again,
and began to think upon his Houſe, of his Eiving, of his Family and Servants, and alſo of his Ex-
pences, and to cut off all ſuperfluous charges, and tell himſelf ro labour with his own hands, more
then ever he had done before, Furthermore, when Fabinus Maximus took the City of Tarun-
TUM again, Cato ſerved under him being very young , where he fell into familiar acquaintance
with N\ earchus the Pr THa GORIAN Philoſopher, in whom he took marvellous delight to hear
him talk of Philoſophy. Which R_ held the ſame opinion of pleaſure, that Plato did, by
calling it the ſweet Poyſon, and chiefeſt Bait to allure men to il] : and ſaying that the Body
was the firſt plague unto the Soul, and that her onely Healch , Remedy , and VYurgation , ſtood
upon rules of Reaſon, good Examples and Contemplations, that drive finfull thoughts and car-
nal pleaſures of the body, far off from her. (ro moreover gave himſelt much to ſobriety and
temperance, and framed himſelf to be content with little, They ſay he fell in his very old age to
the ſtudy of the Greek Tongue, and to read Greek Books, and char he profited ſomewhat by
Thucydides, but much more by Demoſthenes, to frame his Matter, and alſo to be eloquent : which
plainly appeareth in all his Books and Writings, full of Authorities, Examples, and Stories taken
out of the Greek Authors : and many of his Sentences and Morals, his Adages and quick Anſwers,
are tranſlated out of the ſame word for word. Now there was a Noble man of Rows at that time,
one of great Authority, and a deep wiſe man beſides, who could cafily diſcern buds of Vertue
ſprouting out of any towardly youth , who was of a good and honourable diſpoſition to help for-
ward, and to advance ſuch : his name was Yalerius Flaccus, a near neighbour unto Caro, who was
informed by his Servants of Cat's ſtrange life, how he would be doing in his Ground with his own
hands: and how he would be gone every day betimies in the morning to little Villages thereabours,
to Plead mens Cauſes that prayed his Counſell, and that when he had done, he would come home
again : and if it were in Winter, that he would bur caſt a little Coat on his ſhoulders, and being
Summer he would go out bare-necked to the waſte, ro work in his ground' among his Servants and
other Workmen ; and would beſides, fit and eat with thera together at one Board, and drink as
they did. Moreover, they told him alſo a world of ſuch manners and faſhions he uſed, that ſhewed
him to be a marvellous plain man, without pride, and of a good nature, Then they rold him
what no:able wiſe Sayings and grave Sentences they heard him ſpeak. Jalerins F laccus hearing this
report of him, willed his men oneday to pray him to come to Supper to him, Who falling in ac-
quaintance with Cato, and perceiving he was of a very good Nature, and well given, and that he
was a good graff tobe ſer in a better Ground, he periwaded him ro come to Rome, and to pra-
Qtiſe there in the Aſſembly of the People, in the common C auſes and Affairs of the Commonweal,
(ato followed his counſel, who having been no long Praftiſer among them, did grow ſtraight into
great eſtimation, and wan him many friends, by reaſon of the Cauſes he rook in hand to detend :
and was. the better preferred and taken alſo, by means of the ſpeciall favour and —_— V a-
ETTHS
Catoa Souldier
at ſevenicen
years of age,
A grim look
giveth terrou:
tothe Enemy.
This Manius
Curius over.
threw King
Pyrrus being
General of the
T arentines.
Cato the elder
wondred at the
thriftineſs of
Manins Curius.
The moderati-
on of Maniu:
Curius.
Nearchus the
Pythagoroan
Philolopher
Cato's School.
maſter,
Plato's opinion
of plealure.
Cato learned
the Greek
Tongue in his
old age.
Cato profitted
much by Dce
moſthencs elo-
quence.
Valcrius Flae+
cus a grave
Wile man.
Cato's itcange
life,
Catogoeth to
Rome by Fale«
rius Flaccus
perſwaben,
-
1
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2
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—= pR ps Sn > 2.7 _
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a_ IA ; - - - 4 s
—_— . — " m_ © >
od —w—_——_ I X T% py ——D 3 a 2
REDIE Cn as ws © = I I—__ s 2 « -
= *F_ 7.2 L £ ———_——_ —— Pg _
ng
_—_
290
MARCUS CAT 0.
Cato choſen
Tribunus mili-
um.
Cato's Office
in the Senare,
Cato followed
F abius Maxi-
mus,
Cato's emulati-
on with Scipio
the Great.
Cato being
Treaſurec un-
der Scipio A-
fricas, repro-
ved him for his
waſttull expen-
Ces.
Cato accuſerh
Scipio of rior.
Cato's elo-
quence, his
captinent life,
and extream
pains.
lerixs Flaccus gavehim. For firſt of all, by voice of the People he was choſen Tribune of the Sonl-
diers (to ſay, Collonel of a thouſand Footmen) and afterwards was made Treaſurer : and ſo went
forwards, and grew to ſo great credit and authority, as he became Yalerixs Flaccus Companion in
the chicfeſt Offices of State, being choſen Conſul with him, and then Cenſor. But to begin withall,
Cato made choice of Qyintus Fabins Maxim, above all the Senators of Rome, and gave himſelf
to follow him altogether : and not ſo much for thecredit and eſtimation Fabins Maximus was of
( who therein excelled all the Romans of that time) as for the modeſty and diſcreet government
he ſaw in him, whom he derermined to follow, as a worthy mirrour and example. Ar which time
(ato paſſed not for the malice and evil will of Scipio the Great, who did ftrive at that preſent being
but a young man, with the authority and greatneſs of Fabius Maximus, as one that ſeemed to envy
his rifing and greatneſs. For Cato being lent Treaſurer with Scipio, when he undertook the journey
into AFR1CK, and perceiving Scipio's bountifull nature , and diſpoſition to large gifts withour
mean to the Souldiers : he rold him plainly oneday, that he did not ſo much hurt the Commonwealth
in waſting their treaſure, as he did great harm in changing the ancient mariner of their anceſtors :
who uſed their Souldiers to be contented with little, but he taught them to ſpend their ſuperfluous
mony ( all neceffaries provided for) in vain toies and trifles to ferve their pleaſure, Sc:pzo made him
anſwer, he would have no Treaſurer ſhould controll him in this ſort, nor that ſhould look ſo nar-
lowly to his expences: for his intent was to go tothe Wars, with full fails as it-were, and that he
would (and did alſo determine) to make the State privy to all his doings, but not to the money he ſpent.
Cato hearing this anſwer, returned with ſpeed out of S$1c11s unto Roms, crying out with Fabius
Maximus in open Senate, that Scipio ſpent infinitely, and that he rended Plays, Comedies, and
Wreſtlings, -as if he had not been ſent tro make Wars, Invaſions, and Attempts upon their Enemies.
Upon this complaint the Senate appointed certain Tribunes of the People, to goand ſee if their in-
formations were true : and finding them ſo, that rhey ſhould bring him back again to Rome. Bur
Scipio ſhewed far otherwiſe ro the Commiſſioners that came thither, and made them ſee apparent
Victory, through the neceſſary preparation and proviſion he had made for the Wars : and he con-
feſſed alſo, that* when he had diſpatched his great buſineſs, and was at any leiſure, he would be pri-
vately merry with his Friends : and though he was liberal to his Souldiers, yet that made him not
negligent of his duty and charge inany matter of importance. So Sczpzo rook ſhipping, and fail-
ed roward AFRICx, whither he was ſent to make War. Now to returh to Caro, He daily in-
creaſed ſtill in authority and credit by means of his eloquence, ſo that divers called him the Demo-
henes of ROME : howbeit the manner of his life was in more eſtimation than his eloquence, For
all the youth of Roms did ſeek to atrain to his eloquence and commendation of words, and one en-
vied another which of rhem ſhould come neareſt : but few of them would file their hands with
any labour as their Forefathers did, and made a light Supper and Dinner without fire or proviſion,
or would be content with a mean gown, and a poor lodging, and finally would think it more
honourable to defie Fancies and Pleaſures, then to have and enjoy them. Becauſe the State was
waxen now of ſuch Power and Wealth, as it could no- more retain the ancient diſcipline, and for-
mer auſterity, and ftraightneſs of life it uſed : bur by reaſon of the largeneſs of their Dominion and
ſeigniority, and the numbers of People and Nations that were become their ſubjects, it was even
forced to receive a medly of ſundry Countrey faſhions, examples, and manners. This was a cauſe,
* why in reaſon men did ſo greatly wonder at Caro's Vertue, when they ſaw other ſtraight wearied
Cato's wonder-
full thrift.
Cato's ſharp-
nels.
Gentleneſs go-
eth further
then juſtice.
Gentleneſs to
be uſed unto
bruit bealts
with pains and labour tenderly brought up like pulers :, and Caro on the other fide never over-
come, either with the one or with the other, no not in his youth, when he moſt covered honour,
nor in his age alſo when hewas gray Headed and bald after his Conſulſhip and triumph : but like
a conqueror that had gotten the maſtery, he would never give over labour even unto his dying
day. For he writeth himſelf, that there never came Gown on his back that coft him above an hundred
pence, and that his Hinds and Workmen alwaies drunk no worſe Wine, when he was Conſul and
General of the Army, than he did himſelf : and that his Cater never beſtowed in Meat for his Sup-
per, above thirty Aſſes of Roman money; and yet he ſaid it was, becauſe he might be the
ſtronger, and apter to do ſervice in the Wars for his Countrey and the Commonwealth. He faid
furthermore, that being heir to one of his Friends that died, he had a piece of tapeſtry by him with
a deep border, which they called chen the BazyLon1an border, and he cauſed it ſtraight to be
ſold : and that of all his Houſes he had abroad in the Countrey, he had not one Wall plaiſtered, nor
rough caſt, Moreover he would ſay, he never bought Bondman or (lave dearer, then a thouſand five
hundred Pence, as one that ſought not for fine made men and goodly perſonages, but ſtrong fellows
that could away with pains, as Carters, Horſe-keepers, Neat-heards, and ſuch like: and again he
would ſell them when they were old, becauſe he would not keep them when they could do no ſer-
vice, To conclude, he was of opinion, that a man bought any thing dear, that was for little pur-
poſe : yea, though he gave but a farthing for it, he thought it too much to beſtow ſo little,
for that which needed not. He would have men purchaſe Houſes , that had more ftore of arable
Land and Paſture, then of fine Hortyards or Gardens. Some ſay, he did thus for very miſeryand co-
vetouſneſs : other think, and took it that he lived ſo ſparingly ; ro move others by his example to
cut off all ſuperfluity and waſte, Nevertheleſs, to ſell ſlaves in that ſort, or to turn them out of
doors when you have had the ſervice of all their youth, and that they are grown old, as you ule
brute Beaſts that have ſerved whilſt they may for age : methinks that muſt needs proceed of roo
ſevere and greedy. a nature, that hath no longer regard or conſideration of humanity, then whilſt
one
MARCUS CAT 0.
O_—————— ——— —— —
291
ane in ablerodo another good. For we er, genelencgoab fuer then juſtice, For Nature te =
cheth us to uſe juſtice onely ro them, bur gentleneſs ſometimes is ſhewed unto brute Beaſts : and
that cometh from the very Fountain and Spring of all courtefie and humanity , which ſhould never
dry up in any man living, Fox to fay truly, to keep caſt Horſes ſpoiled in our ſervice, and Dogs alſo,
not onely when they are Whelps, but when they be old, be even tokens of love and kindneſs. As
the ATHENIANS madea Law, when my builded their Temple called Hecatompeden : that they
ſhould {uffer the Mules and Mulets that did {ervice in their carriages about the building of the ſame,
to graze every where, without ler or trouble of any man. And they fay there was one of their
Mules thus turned a liberty, that came her elf ro the place to labour, going before all the other favour of thei:
draught Beaſts that drew up Carts luaden towards the Caſtle , and kept them company , as though
ſhe ſeemed rg encourage the reſt ro draw : which the People liked ſo well in the poor Beaſt, that they
appointed ſhe ſhould be kept whilſt ſhe lived, at the charge of the Town, And yet at this preſenc
are the graves of (imons Mares to be ſeen, that wan him thrice together the Prize of the Horſe-
race at the Games Olympian, and they are hard by the grave of Cimox himſelf, We hear of di-
vers allo that had buried their Dogs they brought up in their houſe, or that waited on them : as
among other, old Xanthippas buried his Dog in the top of a cliff, which is called the Dogs pir cill
this day. For when the Peopleof ATHENs did forſake their City at the coming down of the King
Xerxes, this Dog followed his Maſter, ſwimming in the Sea by his Galleys ſide, = the firm Land
unto the Ifle of $4LamiNnAa, And thereis no reaſon, to uſe living and ſenſible things, as we would
uſe an vId ſhoe or rag, to caſt it out upon the Dunghill whea we have worn it, and can ſerve
ysno longer, For if it were for no reſpect elſe, but to uſe us alwaies to humanity, we muſt ever ſhew
our ſelves kind and gentle, even in ſuch ſmall points of pity. And as for me, I could never find
in my heart to fell my join, of Ox that had ploughed my Land a long time, becauſe he could plough
no longer for age : and mych leſs my Slave, to fel] him for a little Money, out of the Countrey
where he had dwelt a long time, to pluck him from bis old trade of life, wherewith he was beſt ac-
quauued, and then ſpecially, when he ſhall be as unprofirable for the buyer, as alſo for the ſeller.
But ({ato on the other fide gloried, that he left his Horſe in Spa 1x he had ſerved onin the Wars
during his Conſulſhip, becauſe he would not pur the Commonwealth to the charge of bringing him
home by Sea ina ITary. Now a queſtion might be made of this, and probable reaſon of either
fide , whether this was nobleneſs or a niggardlineſs in him : but otherwiſe to ſay truly, he was 2
man of a wondertull abſtinence, For when he was General of the Army, he never took allowance
but after three buſhgls of Wheat a Moneth of the Commonwealth, for himſelf and his whole Fa- lit
mily ; and but a buſhel and a half of Barley a day, to keep his Horſe and other Beaſts for his Car-
riage. On a time when he was Prztor, the government of the Iſle of SarD1 1a fell to his lot ;
where the other Prztors before him had put the Countrey to exceeding great charge, to furniſh
them with Tents, Bedding, and Clothes, ſuch like : and burdened them alſo with a mar-
vellous Train of Servants ang their Friends that waited on them, putting them to great expence in
feaſting and banquetting of them : Cars in contrary r brought down all that exceſs and ſu-
perfluiry, unto a marvellous near and uncredible faving, For when he went to viſit the Cities, he
came on foot ro them, and did not put them to a ,peny chargefor himſelf : and had onely one Of-
ficer og Bayliff of the State that waited on him, and carried his Gown and a Cup with him, to offer
up Wine to the gods in his Sacrifices. Burt —__ came thus ſimply tothe Subjects, and eaſed them
of their former charges, yet he ſhewed himſelf
ſtice : and ſpared no man, in any commandment of ſervice for the State and Commonwealth : tor
he was therein ſo preciſe, that he would nor bear with any little fault. So by this means, he brought
the FARPINIANS under his government , both to loye and fear the Empire of Rome , more
than ever they had before : as appeareth plainly by the manner both of his ſpeaking and writing :
becauſe ic was pleaſant and yet grave : ſweet and fearfull : merry and ſevere : ſententious and yer
tamiliar, ſuch as is meet to be ſpoken, And he was to be compared unto Socrates : who (as Plato
laich) at the firſt ſight was a plain ſimple man to them that knew him but outwardly, or elſe a plea-
lant Taynter or Mocker : but when they did look into him, and found him throughly, they faw he
was full of grave Sentences, goodly Examples, and wiſe Perſwaſions, that he could make men wa--
ter their Plants that heard him, and lead them as he would by the ear. Therefore I cannot fee
any reaſon that mavey men to ſay, Cato had Lyſias grace and utterance. Natwithſtanding, ler
us reter it to their judgements that make profeſtion to diſcern Orators graces and ftiles : for my
part, 1 ſhall content my ſelf rowriue at this preſent, onely certain of his notable Sayings and Sen-
tences, periwagding my ſelf chat mens manners are better diſcerned by their words, then by their
looks, and fo dg many think. Ona time ſeeking to diſſwade the People of Rowe, which would
needs mgke 2 thankfull diſtribution of Corn unto every Citizen, to no purpoſe, be began ro make
3n Oration with this Preface. It isa hard thing (my Lords of Ro»=®) to bring the belly by per-
lwaſions to xcaſan, that hath no ears. And another time, reproving the ill Government of
the City of Rows, be ſaid : it was a hard thing to keep up that State , where a litle Fiſh was
ſold deazer then an Qx. He ſaid alfo, that the Rowans were like a flock of Sheep : for ſaith
be, as every Weather when he is alone, doth not obey the Shepheard, bur when they are all roge-
ther they one follaw another for love of the foremoſt : even ſo are you ; for when you are together,
You are all contented: to he led by the noſes by ſuch, whoſe counſell not 3 man alune of you would
ule jn any private Cauſe of your own. And talking another time of rhe Aurbority the Women
of
. * s
ere and bitter to them in matters concerning Ju-
A gentic Lays
made by the
Athenians in
labouring
Mules.
Xanthippus
buried his Doz
that ſw. mmed
by his Galleys
fide from A-
thens to Sala-
mins, and died
when he landed
Cato's ſtraighr
life.
Cato Prztor in
Sardinia.
Cato's fiearneſ*
in his Circuir
Cato's ſeyerity
Cato's ſpeech
and writing.
The praiſe of
Socrates.
Caty's ſayings.
IS = I —_—
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—_—
MS a—__y cc C.- —
292 MARCUS CAT 6.
of ROME had over their Husbands, he ſaid other men commanded their Wives, and we command'
Men, and our Wives command us, But this laſt of all he borrowed of Themiſtocles pleaſant ſayings.
: For his Son making him do many things by means of his Mother : he told his Wife one day, : The
Themiſtocles ATyzNIANS command all Gxzxcs, I command the ATyznians , you command me, and
ſaying. your Son ruleth you. I pray you therefore bid him uſe the liberry he hath with ſome better difcre-
tion, fool and aſs as he is, fithence he can do more by that Power and Authority, then all the
GRrECIANS beſides, He faid alſo that the People of Rom did not onely delight in divers ſorts
of Purple, but likewiſe in divers ſorts of Exerciſes. For ſaid he, as divers commonly die that colour
they ſee beſt eſteemed, and is moſt pleaſant to the eye : even ſo the luſty Youths of Rot do frame
Honour nou- themſelves to ſuch Exerciſe, as they ſee your ſelves moſt like and beſt eſteem. He continually advi-
riſherh Arr. ſed the Romans, that if their Power and Greatneſs came by their Vertue and Temperance, the
ſhould take heed they became no —_— nor wax worſe; and if they came to that Greanel,
by Vice and Violence, that then they ſhould change to better, for by that means he knew very well
they had attained to great Honour and Dignity. Again he told them, that ſuch as ſued ambitiouſly
to bear Office in the Commonwealth, and were common Suters for them , did ſeem to be afraid
to loſe their way, and therefore would be ſure ro have Uſhers and Serjeants before them, to ſhew
Care againſt them the way, leſt they ſhould loſe themſelves in the Ciry. Hedid reprove them alſo, that often
Offices of pex- choſe one man ro continue one Office ſtill : For it ſeemeth, ſaith he, either that you paſs not much
peruity. for your Officers, or that you have not many choice men you think worthy for the Office, There
' was an Enemy of his that led a marvellous wicked and an abominable life, of whom he was wont to
ſay, that when his Mother prayed unto the gods that ſhe might leave her Son behind her, ſhe did
not think to pray, but to curſe : meaning to have him live for a plague to the World. And to ano-
ther alſo that had unthrittily ſold his Lands which his Father had left him, lying upon the Sea fide, he
pointed unto him with his finger, and made as though he wondred how he came to be ſo great a
man, that he was ſtronger than the Sea: for that which the Sea hardly conſumeth and eateth out by
litle and{little a long time, he had conſumed it all at a clap. Another time, whcn King Eumenes
was cometo Roms, the Senate entertained him marvellous honourably, and the nobleft Citizens
did ſtrive, envying one another, who ſhould welcome him beſt. But {to in contrary manner ſhew-
ed plainly, that he did ſuſpect all this feaſting and entertainment, and would not come at it, When
one of his familiar friends told him, I marvel] why you pi from King Exmenes company, that is ſo
good a Prince, and loves theRomans fo well : Yea, faid he, let it be ſo, but for all that, a King
15no better then a ravening Beaſt that lives of the prey : neither was there ever any King ſo happy,
that deſerved to be compared to Epaminondas, to Pericles, to Themiſtocles, nor to Manins Curing,
or to Hamylcar, ſurnamed Barca, They ſay his Enemies did malice him, becauſe he uſed commonly
to riſe betore day, and did forget his own buſineſs to follow matters of State, And he affirmed
that he had rather loſe the reward of his well-doing, then not to be puniſhed for doing of evil : and
_—_—__ that he would bear with all other offending ignorantly , but not with himſelf, The Romans
Be offending. having choſen on a time three Ambaſſadoxg,go ſend into the Realm of By TH1N14, one of them
* That isto having the Gout in his Feet, the other his full of Cuts atid great gaſhes, and the third being but
ſay, under- a Fool: Cato laughing ſaid, the Romans ſent-an Ambaſſade that had neither Feet , Head nor
— tor * Heart, Scipio ſued once to Cato at Polybix4 requeſt, about thoſe that were baniſhed from Acrara.
= gucged of The matter was argued afterwards in the Senate, and there fel] out divers opinions about it. Some
Reaſon was Would have had them reſtored to' their Countrey and Goods again : other were wholly againſt it,
placed inthe So Cato riſing up at the laft, ſaid unto them : It ſeems we have little elfe ro do, when we ſtand beat-
heart, follow- ing of our brains all day, diſputing about theſe old Gxzc1ans, whether the Romans or the
-- >> «qa ACHATANS ſhall bury them: In the end , the Senate took order they ſhould be reſtored un-
mm to their Countrey again. Whereupon mo thought to make petition again unto the Senate,
that the baniſhed men whom they had reſtored by their order, might enjoy their former Eftates
and Honours in AcHara, they had at the time of their baniſhment : bur before he would move
the Suit unto the Senate, he would feel /Aato's opinion firſt , what he thought of it. Who an-
ſwered him, ſmiling : Methinks Polybixs thou art like Vlyſſes, that when he had ſcaped out of (y-
clops Cave the Giant, he would needs go thither again, to fetch his Hat and Girdle he had left be-
hind him there, He faith alſo, that wiſe men did learn and profit more by fools, then fools did
by wiſe men, For wiſe men, ſaith he, do ſee the faults fools.commit, and can wiſely avord them :
_ but fools never ſtudy to follow the example of wiſe mens doings. He ſaid alſo, that he ever liked
Dluſhing in pu_ men better that bluſhed, then thoſe that ever looked whitely : and that he would not have
TYertrroken Di for a Souldier, that wags his hand as he goeth, removes his feet when he fighteth, and row-
than paleneſs, teth and ſnorteth Jowder in his ſleep , then when he cryeth out-to his Enemy, Another time
when he would raunt a marvellous fat man : See, ſaith he, what good can ſuch a body.do to the
Commonwealth, that from his chin to his codpiece is nothing but belly ? And to another man
that was given to pleaſure, and deſired to be great with him : My Friend, ſaid Cato, as refuſing
his acquaintance : I cannot live with him that hath better judgement in the palate of his mouth,
A « »> nvqgg than in his heart. This was alſo his ſaying, That the Soul of a Lover lived in anothers Body.
Body. = And that in all his life time he repented him of three things. The firſt was, if that he ever told
ſecret to any Woman ; the ſecond, that ever he went by Water, when he might have gone by Land :
the third, that he had been idle a whole day, and had done nothing. Alſo when he ſaw. a vicious
old man, he would ſay to reprove him : O gray beard, age bringeth many deformitics with it,
help
MARCVS CATO
— ——
| —
help it not beſides with your vice. And to a ſeditious Tribune of the topic that was ſufpeRted
ro be a poyſoner , and would needs paſs ſome wicked Law by voice of the People, he would lay :
O young man, 1 know not which of theſe two be worſe, to drink the Drugs thou giveſt , or to
receive the Laws thou offereſt. Another time , being reviled by one that led a lewd and naughty
Life : Go thy way, ſaid he, I am no man to ſcold with thee : tor thou art ſo uſed to revile, and to
be reviled,chat it is not dainty to thee : but for my ſelf, I never uſe to hear ſcolding , and much leſs
delight ro ſcold. Theſe be his wiſe ſayings we find written of him, whereby we may the eallier
conjeQure his manners and nature, Now when he was choſen Conſull with his friend 3 alerins Cntoand Yi
l-rius Flaccus
Conluls.
Cato's doings
in SP4n,
Flacens , the Government of Syarn fell to his Lot, that-is on this fide of the River of B=r1s.
$0 Cato having ſubdued many People by force of Armes, and won others alſo by friendly means : ſo-
dainly there came a marvellous great Army of the Barbarous People, againſt him, and had enyiron-
ed him ſo , as he was in marvellous danger , either ſhametully to be taken Priſoner , or to be lain
in the field, Wherefore he ſent preſently unto the CELT1BERIANS , to pray aid of them, who
were next neighbours unto the marches where he was, Theſe CeLt1BtriaNs did ask him two
hundred Talents to come and help him : but the RomaNs that were about him, could not abide
co hire the Barbarous Peopletodefend them. Then C:ro told them ſtraight, there was no hurt in
it ; norany diſhonour unto them, For ſaid he, ifthe Field be ours, then we ſhall pay their wages we
promiſed , with the ſpoil and Money of our Enemies: and if we loſe it , then our ſelves and they
lie by it, being left neither man to pay , nor } any to asK it. Jn the end he wan the Battell , af-
ter a ſore conflict , and afterthartime he had marvellous good Fortune. For Polybixs writeth, thar
all the Walls of the Cities that were on this fide the River of B=T1s , were by his commandment
razed in one day , which were many and full of good Souldiers. Himfelf writeth , that he
took mo Cities in Spain , then he remained there days : and it is no vain boaſt , if it be true
that is written, that there were four hundred Cities of them. Now , though the Souldiers under
him had gotten well inthis journey , and were rich , yet he cauſed a Pound weight of Silver to be
given to every Souldier befides : ſaying he- liked it better that many ſhould return home with
Silver in their Purſes, then a few of them with Gold onely. Bur for himſelf he affirmed : that of _ _
E iro
{poil and bris
all the ſpoil gotten of the Enemies , he never had any thing , ſaving that which he took in Meat
and Drink. And yet faid he, I ſpeak it not to reprove them that grow rich by ſuch ſpoils ;
but becauſe I would contend in vertue rather with the beſt , then in Money with the richeſt ,
or in covetouſneſs with the moſt avaritious. For not onely he himſelf was clear from bribes
and extortion , but his Officersalſo under him kept'the fame courſe. In this Spaniſh journey , he
had five of his ſervants with him , whereof. one of them called Paccws , bought three young
Boys that were taken in the Wars , when the ſpoil was fold ro them that would give moft,
So Cato*knew it. But Paccss being afraid to come near his Maſter , hanged himſelf : and then
Cato ſold the Boys again, and pur the Money made- of them into the Treaſurie Cheſts of ſaving
at Rows, Now while Cato was in SPAIN, Scipto the Great that was his Enemy , and ſought
10 hinder the courſe of his proſperity , and to have the Honour of - conquering all the reſt of Diſcord be-
"SPAIN , he made all the friends he could co the People, to be choſen in Cats's place, . He was twixt Catoand
no ſooner entred into his charge , but he made all the poſlible ſpeed: he could to. be gone, -thar $P19-
he might make Cato's Authority ceaſe the ſoonet: -Caro hearing of his haſty coming , took
onely five Enſigns of Footmen , and five hundred Horſmen to attend upon him* home: with
the which , in his journey homeward , he overcame a: People in Sparx called the Lact t.a $1-
ANS , and took ſix hundred Traitours alſo that were, fled from the Romans camp to their Cato overcame
Enemies, and did put to death every Mothers Child of them. Scipio ftorming at- that , ſaid Caro the Lacerani-
did him wrong. But Cato to mock bim finely , ſaid :*Ir was the right way to bring Roms to ans.
flouriſh, when Noble born Citizens would not ſuffer miean born men , and upftarts as him-
ſelf was , to go before them in Honour : and on the. other fide when mean - born men would
contend in Vertue , with thoſe that were of Nobleft race, and far above: them in calling. For
all that , when Caro came to ROwE ,, the Senate commanded that nothing ſhould be changed
nor altered otherwiſe, then' Cato had appointed it , whileſt he was in his Office. - So that the Go-
vernment for which $cipio made ſuch earneſt ſure in SyA1N , was a greater diſgrace unto: hinr,
then it was unto Cato : becauſe he paſſed all his rime and Office in peace, having no occafion of-
feted him to do any notable ſervice worthy memory. Furthermore , Cato atter he had been
Conſull, and had granted ro him the Honour to Triumph , did nor as many others do , that ſeek
not after Vettue, but onely for worldly Honour and* dignity :: who, when they have been called
to the higheſt Offices of State, as to be Conſuls, aud'have alſo 4 them the Honour t0 Tri-
umph , do thert leave to deal any more in' matters '6f State , and diſpoſe-themſelves t6 live merri-
Iy and quietly at hotne, and not tro trouble themſelves any more. Now Cars far otherwiſe be- Cato's A&s af-
| : for he would never leave to exerciſe Verive, but began afreſh , as if he had been *er his Conſul.
a youhg Novice inthe world , and as one greedy of Honour and reptitation, atd to take as much ip 2nd Tri-
Pains and more then he did before. For ; to pleaſure' his friends or afy/ other Citizen , he would
Haved himſel
come to .the Market-place , and plead their cauſes for them that required his counſel] , and go
with his friends alſo into the Wars : as he went with 75herius Sempronixs the Conſull, and was
one of the Lieutenants at the conqueſt of the Countrey of 'THRA ct , and unto the Provintcs ad-
"Joyning to the River of Daxuzy upon thobſe marches. After thar, he was in GREEct allo, Co-
lonelt of a thouſand Fovtinen , under Manins Aqnitire ©, againſt King Antiochne furnamed the
C c Great,
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294
MARCUS CATO.
rm —— —— —
I _—_———
The power of
Antiochus the
Great.
Cato mocked
Poſthumius Al-
Story in the
Greek tongue,
King Antio-
chus Army.
Cato's doings
againſt King
Amtiochus,
Mount Calli-
dromus,
Cato's Oration
to bis Souldiers
——— II” Cee I,
Great , who made the ROMaNns ſo much afraid of him , as ever they were of Enemy , but
Hannibal. For when he had Conquered all the Regions and Provinces of As1a , which Selencus
Nicaney enjoyed before, and had ſubdued many Barbarous and Warlike Nations: he was ſo proud
hearted , as he-woutd needs have Wars with the Romans, whom he knew to be the onely wor-
thy men , and beſt able ro fight with him. So he made ſome honeſt ſhew and pretence of Wars,
ſaying it was to ſet the GRECIANS At liberty , who had no cauſe thereof , conſidering they li-
ved after their own Laws , and were but ny delivered from the bondage of King Pip, and
of the MaczDoNn1ans, through the goodneſs of the Roma ns. Notwithſtanding , he came
out of As14 into GREECE with a marvellous great Army , and all Gxzzcz was ſtraight in
Arms and in wonderfull danger , becauſe of the great promiſes and large hopes the Governours of
divers Cities ( whom the King had won and corrupted with Money ) did make unto him.
Whereupon Manine diſpatched Ambaſſadours unto the City , and ſent Titus Duintus Flaminius
among others, who kept the greateſt part of the People from rebelling C that were eaſily drawn
to give car tothis innovation) as we have expreſſed more amply in his Life : And Cato being ſent
Ambaſſadour alſo , perſwaded the CoR1NTHIANS, thoſe of PaTRAs,-and the AG1aws , and
made them ſtick till to the RoMANS, and continued a long time at ATHENs. Some ſay they
find. an Oration of his written in the Greek tongue , which he made before the ATHENians ,
is commendation of their Anceſtors : wherein he ſaid , he rook great pleaſure ro ſee Aryzxs,
for the beauty and Statelineſs of the City. Bur this is falſe : for he ſpake unto the ATHzeniaxs
by an Interpreter , though he could have uttered his Oration in the Greek tongue if he had been
diſpoſed : bur he did like the Laws and cuſtoms of his own Countrey , and the ROMAN tongue
ſo well, that he laughed at them that would praiſe and commend the Greek rongue. As he did
once mock Poſthumins Albinns , who wrote an Hiſtory in the Greek tongue , praying the readers
binus 2 Roman in his Preface to- bear with him, if they found any imperfeRion in the Tongue : Marry ſaid Ca-
for writinga #0 , he had deſerved pardon indeed , if he been forced to have written his Story in the
Greek tongue, by the order of the States of GREzcs, called the Councill of the Amphiftions, They
fay the ATHENIANS wondered to hear his ready ge. For what he had uttered quickly in
few words unto the interpreter , the Interpreter was driven to deliver them again with great
circumſtances and many words, ' So that he left them of this opinion , that the Gxzc1a ns words
lay all in their lips, and the RoMANs words in their heads. Now King Antiochus kept all
the Rraights and narrow paſſages of the Mountains called THeRMoPY LES ( being the ordinary
way and entrie into GREECE ) and had fortified them as well with an Army that Camped at the
foot of the Mountain , as alſo with Walls and Trenches he had made by hand , beſides the natu-
rall ftrength and fortification of the Mount'ir ſelf in ſundry places : and ſo he determined to re-
main there; truſting to his own ſtrength and fortifications aforeſaid , and ro turn the force
of the Wars ſome other way. The Romans alſo they diſpaired utterly they ſhould be able a-
ny way--to charge him -before, But Cato remembring with himſelf the compaſs the Pzxs 1-
ANS had fetched about before time likewiſe-to enter into GREECE, he departed one night from
the Camp with part of the- Army: to prove if he could find the very compaſs about the Barbar-
ous People had made before, Bur as they climed up the Mountain , their guide that was one
of the Priſoners taken in the Countrey-, loſt his way , and made them wander up and down in
marvellous ſteep Rocks and crooked ways , that the poor Souldiers were in marvellous ill ta-
king. Cato ſeeing the danger they were: brought unto by this lewd guide , commanded all his
Soullier: not- to ſtir a foot from thence ,.and to tarry him there.: and in the mean time he went
himſelf alone, and Lacins eManlins with him , ( a luſty. man , and nimbleto climbe upon the
\ Rocks ) and fo went forward at adyenture, taking extream; and uncredible pains , and in much
danger of his Life, grabling all night ,,in,.'the dark. wichout Moon-light , chrough wild Olive
"Trees, and high Rocks. (that let them, they could not ſee before them, neither could tell whether
they went ) untill they ſtumbled ar. the lengeh upon a little path way, which went as they thought
dire&ly to the foot of che Mountain, where the Camp. of the Enemies, lay. So they ſer up cer-
rain marks and tokens.,- upon. the higheſt tops of rhe Rocks oy could chooſe , by view of
eye to. be diſcerned. furtheſt off upon. the Mountain called Callidromus. And when they had
done that, they returned back again\to: fetch the Souldiers, whom they led towards the Marks
they had ſer up : untill at the length chey found their parh-way again, where they pur their Soul-
diers in order to march. Now they. went, not far in. this path they found, but the way failed
chem ſtraight and brought them. to a: bog :;, but then; they were in worſe caſe then before , and
in greater fear, not knowing they were fo ;near their Enemies , as indeed they were, The day
began to'break a little ,.and one of they that marched foremoſt , chought he heard a noiſe, and
that he ſaw the GxEzxs Camp at the foor of the Rocks, and certain, Souldiers that kept
watch there. Whereupon Cato made them ſtay, and willed onely the FixMANI1ans to come un-
to him , and none bur them, becauſe he. had foundthem fairhfull before,, and very ready to obey
his commandment, They were with him. at a crice , ro know his pleaſure ; ſo Caro ſaid unto
them :- My, fellows , 1 muſt bave ſome of our Enemies taken Priſoners, that I may know of them
who they.|be,that keep that paſſage , what number they be , + what order they keep, how they
are Campedand Armed, and after what ſort they determine co fight with, us, The way to work
this fet Randeth upon. ſwiftneſs and hardineſs .to.; run upon them ſuddainly , as Lyons do ,
which being naked fear not to run into the middeſt of. any. heard of fearfull Beafts, He had
. no
GC b_ Sy _ —_—_— "" ad We” 6
| koneditany ſhame to do it, did take a preſent occafion for it , asfalleth out upon all Victory and
famous exploits: and ſo did fer” it out with all the' oſtencation *and brave words he could give. C4:9 would
-
y — — © —_
MARCUS CATO: 295
no ſooner ſpoken-theſe words? , ' bt” the Fixma'nian Souldiers - began to; run down | the
Mountains as they were , upon"tlioſe that kept the Watch : and fo ſetting upon them. , they being The boldne*
—
out -of order , made them flie, and took an Armed man priſoner. + When they had him , they 9nd valiam at-
ſtraight brought himunto Cato, who by Oath of the priſoner , wasadveftiſed how: thar the trength —_— 0
of their Enemies 'Aniy-'was lodged'abour the perſon -of the King ; within the» ſtraight and valiey (211, 14 ntel®:
- of the ſaid Mountain':-and that 'the Soaldiers- they ſaw ,; were fix hundred &T0L14 ws , all brave of the ſirens:
Souldiers , whom they had choſen and appointed to- keep the rop of the Rocks. over King of King A»:
Antiochus Camp. When Caro had heard him , making ſmall account- of the -matter , as well for © 2m
* their ſmall number, as alſo- for 'the ill order they kept ; he made' the Trumpers ſound ftraighr,and
his Souldiers ro 'march- in barrel} with-+great cries , himſelf being the foremoſt man of all his
Troop , 'with a' Sword drawn in his hand. Bur” when the &Torians ſaw! them coming
, down the Rocks" t6wards them, -they began to "fly for life unto their great Camp , which they a
filled full of fear; trouble, and all diſorder, Now Mani at the fame preſent alſo , gave an affaul g,j-1..
unto the Walls and fortification-the King had made overthwart the vallies and ftraights of the T5:--:+5 /-
Mountains : at which affault King Antioch ſelf had 'a blow on the face with a ſtone., that ſtrake K'n2 4n::+
ſome of his Teeth out of his mouth , ſo' that for very pain and anguiſh he felt , he turned his Horſe ©,
back , and got him behind the preſs. And then-there were none of his Army that made any more ;...... *
reſiſtance , or that could abide the fierceneſs of the Romans, But notwithſtanding that the
places were very ill for flying , becauſe ir was unpoſſible for them to ſcatter and: ſtragghe, being
holden in with. high Rocks on: the one fide of them ', and with bogs and deep marithes on the
other ſide , which they muſt needs fall into if their Feet ſlipped ,- or were thruſt forward by any :
yet they fell one upon another in the ſtraights, and ran ſo in heaps together that they caſt them-
ſelves away , for fear of the ROM a ns Swords that- M'hted upon-them in every corner. And
there eHarcus Cato, that never made Ceremony or- niceneſ9 to praiſe himſelf openly , nor rec- erty ry
n:19-
chus.
For he wrote with his own hands , and ſuch as ſaw him chaſe-and lay upon his flying Enemies praiſe his own
that day ,” were 'driven to ſay , that Cato was not bound to the 'RoMans , but the Roma s 99995.
-bound unto Cato. And then Aanims the Confſull ſelf , being ina great heat with the fury of the
Batrell , embraced Cato a great while , that was alſo hot with chaſing -of the Enemy , and ſpake a-
loud with great joy before them all, that neither' he , nor rhe People of Rot could recompence
Cato, for his valiant ſervice that day. After this' Battell, the Confull Mani fent Cato to Roms , Manius ſend-
to be the meſſenger himſelf to report the News vf the ViRory. - So he imbarked incontinently , *** C479 to
and had ſuch a tair wind, that he pafſed over the Seas to-Bx1NDzs withour any danger , and yy." 37 4urY
went from thenceunto TaxtnTum in one day, and from TazxEnTum in four days more to Victory.
Rome. And ſohe came to Rows in five days after his landing in ITALy , and maderſuch ſpeed
that himſelf was indeed the firſt mefſenger that-brought News of the Victory. Whereupon he
filled all Rome: with joy and Sacrifices, and made the Romans fo proud , that ever after
they thought themſelves able men to conquer the wortd both by Sea and Land. And theſe be all
the- martiall deeds and Noble Ats Cato did. But-for- his doings in civill policy and-State, he ſce-
med to be of his opinion : that to aetuſe and purſue- the wicked , he thought it was the beft thing
an honeſt man - and :good * governour of the' Commonwealth could employ himſelf unto : for
he accuſed many , and ſubſcribed many other accuſatiggs which they preferred. And to be ſhorr,
he did always ſtir up ſome accuſer, as he did Petifixe againſt Scipio. Bur Scipio, by reaſon of —_ an accuſer
his Nobiliry , the greatneſs of his Houſe, and the rhagnanimity of his mind, paſſed not for any ac- * "0
cuſation they could lay againſt him : being out of all fear , they ſhould be ,able to condemn
bim-: and fo let fall the accuſation he had againſt him. Notwithſtanding, he joyned with 0-
ther that accuſed Lucizs Scipio, his own Brother , and followed the marter fo ſore againft him ,
that he cauſed him to be condemned in a great ſum of _ to the Common-wealth : who
beingunable to pay the fine , had gone to priſon, and hardly fcaped it , had not the Tribunes of
the People revoked his condemnation. It is ſaid that Cato coming through the Market-place
oneday , and mecting with a young man by the way that had overthrown his adverſary in ſuit ,
and put one of his late Fathers greateſt Enemies to open ſhame and foil before the People, he em-
braced him with a good countenance , and ſaid unto him : Oh my Son , Sacrifices that good
Children ſhould offer to their Fathers ſoul , be not Lambs nor Kids , butthe Tears and condem-
nations of their Enemies. But as he vexed other , fo he ſcaped nor free himſelf from danger, in
adminiſtration of the Common-wealth. For if they could catch the leaſt vantage in the world of
him , his Enemies traight accuſed him : ſo as they ſay he was accuſed almoſt fifty times, and at
the laſt time of his accuſation , he was about the age of fourſcore years. And then he ſpake a
thing openly that was noted : That it was a harder thing to give up an account of his life before
men in any other world , then in this amongſt whom he lived. And yet was not this the laſt
ſute he followed: 'for four years after , when he was fourſcore and Ten years of age , he ac-
culed Servixe Galbe. And thus he lived as Neftor in manner three ages of man, always in conti-
nuall ſuit and a&i6n. ' For when he wreftled with the firſt Scip;o the Arrican about matters of
State and Common-wealth ,, he went on unto the time of' the ſecond , rhat was adopred by the firſt
Scipio's Son, the naturall Son of Paulus e/Emylins , who overcame Perſews, King of Ma © £00x.
Furthermore , Aarew Cato Ten years after his Conſulſhip, ſued ro be Cenſor , which was in
Cc2 ROMs
C atoifty
times accuſed.
296 MARCUS CATO.
RE
ROME the greateſt Office: of dignity that any Citizen of, ROme could attain ;unto ; and;;as.a man
The dignity may fay., the Room of all glory and Honour of their Common-wealth. Fox.among other. authori-
and Office of ties , the Cenſor had power 0 examine mens, lives;and manners, and;to}punilh, every, offendor.
the Cenlor, For the ROMANS were of that. mind , that they would not have men marry ;, heget Children, liye
privately by theraſelves , and make Feaſts and, Banquets at their pleaſure , but;;that they ſhould ſtand
in fear to be reproved and enquired of by the Magiſtrate: and that it was-not good to give eve-
ry body liberty, to do what they would , pRenng his own .luſt and fancy. , And they judging
that mens naturall diſpoſitions do appear more. in ſuch things ,- then in alt ;other things that.;are
openly done at Noon days, and.,in the fight. of the world; uſed to chooſerwa Cenſors, that weze
How the Cen- £©0 Surveyors of manners , to. ſee that every.man behaved himſelf vertuouſly, and gave ngrzbem-
ſors were cho- ſelves to pleaſure , nor to break the Laws! and. cuſtoms of the Common-weglth, Theſe Officers
ſen. were called in their tongue , Cexſores, and always of cuſtom, one of theja-was a PATRICIA,
and the other a Commoner, - Thele'rwo had power and authority,to diſgrade. a. Knight, by taking a-
way his Horſe, and to. put any off the Senate,,-whom they ſaw live diffolutely and diſorderly. ic
was their Office alſo, to, ſeſs;'and rate every-Citizen according to the eſtimation of their gogds; ro
note the age, genealogie ,-and: degrees of, every man , and to keep books of them ,. beſides many 0-
_—_ ther prerogatives they had belonging to their Qthce, Therefore when Cats came to ſue for this Of-
ind Nobllixs ficeamong other , the chiefeſt Senators were all bent againſt him, Some of them for very envy,
bent all 2enink thinking it ſhame and diſhonour' to the Nobility , to fuffer-men that were, meanly born, and, up-
Cato's ſure, ſtarts ( the firſt of their Houſe and Name , that eyer came to bear Office in the State ) to be called and
preferred unto their higheſt Offices of State-in all their Commonwealth, Other alſo that were ill
livers, and knowing that they had; offended the Laws of theix Countrey , they, feared his cruelty-too
much , imagining he would ſpare.no mM, nor pardon any offence , having the Law in his own
bands. So when they had conſulrAl rogerher abour it , they,did-ſer up. ſeven. Competitors againſt
- him, who flattered the People-with many fair words and promiſes , as though- they had-need of
Magiſtrates to yſe them gently ,..and to- do, things to, pleaſe them, But Cato contrariwiſe, ſhew-
ing no countenance that ;he would uſe them.gently , in the;.Office., bur openlyn the Pulpit for O-
rations., -threatning. thoſe that had, lived naughtily and wickedly ,, he- cried out ;' that they muſt re-
form their City , and perſwaded the People; not zo chooſe, the gentleſt , but the ſharpeſt Phyſiti-
ans : and that himſelf was ſuch a one as they. needed , and among the. PaTxicians Lalerias
Flaccus another,, in whoſe 60mpany he hoped { they two being choſen Cenfors to do great good
unto the Common-wealth;,- by -burning/ and-curring off: ( like Hydra's Heads) all vanity and votup-
tuous pleaſures., that were crept inamongft them zyand that he, ſaw well enough , how all che other
ſuters ſought the Office by diſhoneſt , means , fearing fuch Officers as they knew would deal juſt-
ly and uprightly. Then did the People of RomEz ſhew themſelves Nobly* minded , and worthy of
Noble goyernours, For: they refuſed not the ſowrenels or ſeyerity of Cato , but rejefted theſe
Catochoſen Meal-mouthed men , that ſeemed ready to;pleaſe the People in all things: and thereupon choſe -
Cenſor, Marcus Cato Cenſor , and YValerius Flacers tobe; his fellow , and they did obey him, as if he had
Cati's As in been preſent Officer , and- no. ſurer for the Office , being in themſelves to give it to whom they
his Cenfor- Fhought good. - The firſt thing be did after, he, was ftalled in his Cenſorſhip, was that he named
ſhip. Lucius, Valerine Flaceus his friend and fellow Cenſor with- him ,. Prince of the Senate : and among
Caro putLucius many other alſo whom he thruſt out'of the, Senaze , he put. Lucius Lnintine Flaminius off the Se-
roxy Fx of nate., that had been Conſull ſeven years befpre\, ,and was -Brother alſo unto Tir Ynuintins Fla-
Senate, Mining that overcame Philip King of MAa@tvox. in Battell,, which was; greater. glory to him,
The cauſe why then that he had been Conſull. -But the cauſe why he pur. him off the Senate , was this : This
Catopur Quin- Lacius Quintizs carried ever with him a' young Boy tothe, Wars, whom he gave as good coun-
us off the Se- renance and credit unto, as to any of his beſt familiar friends he had abour him. It fartuned on a
_ time whileſt Lucius 2uintivs was Conſull and Governour of 'a Province, that he made a-Feaſt,
and this Boy being ſet at his Table, hard by him, as his- manner was, he began to flatter him, know-
ing how to handle him when he was prettily merry : and ſoothing him , told him he loved him fo
dearly , that upon his departing from ROME, when the Sword-players were ready- to fight for life
and death with unrebated Swords, to ſhew the People paſtime , he came his way , and lett the fight
of. that he never ſaw , that was very deſirous to have ſeen a man killed. Then- this Lucius Quintin,
to make him ſee the like , ſaid ; care not for the ſight thou haſt loſt, Boy,for I will let thee ſee as much.
Lucius Quin- And when he had ſpoken theſe words, he commanded a Priſoner condemned to die, tp; be fetched and
tus Flaminius brought into his Hall before him, and che Hang-man with his Axe # which was forthwith done accord-
OG ing to his commandment. Then asked he the Boy, if he would raight ſee the man killed :, Yea fir (aid
m_ Boy : and with that he bad the Hang-man ftrike off his head. Moſt writers report this matrer
thus : And Cicero to confirm it alſo , wrote in his Book 4e Senefate , that the ſame was written;in an
Oration Cato made before the People of Rome. Now Lucius Dnzntins being thus ſhamefully pur off
the Senate by Cato , his Brother 7r»s being offended withall, could not tell what-to- do, bur beſought
the People that they would command Cato to declare the cauſe , why he broughrſuch ſhame unto his
Houſe, Whereupon Cato openly before the People made recitall of all chis Feaſt. And when Luci«
denied it, affirming it was not ſo : Cato would have him ſworn before them all , that it was not true
they.had burdened” him withall. Bur Z«cis prayed them to, pardon him , who ſaid he would not
{wear : whereupon the People judged ſtraight that he deſerved well that ſhame, -So not long af.
ter , certain Games being ſhewed in the Theater , Zncius came thither , and. paſting beyond the
; 0
rdinary
I -
M A R CU S C4 T O. 297
= — — — —CJ a
ordinary place that was appointed for thoſe that had been Conſuls , he went to fit. aloofe off a-
mongſt the multitude. The People rook piry on him , and made ſuch ado abour him , as they
forced him to riſe, and to go fit among the other Senators that had been 'Conſuls :. ſalving the
beſt they could, the ſhame and diſhonour happened unto ſo Noble a Houſe. Cato pur out of the Xrlizs pur cf
cenate alſo , one Marlins , who was in great towardlineſs to have been made Conſull : the next — for
year following ,. onely - becauſe he kiſſed his Wife too lovingly in the day time , and before his wit. before
Daughter : and reproving him for it, he told him, his Wife never kifſed. him, but when it thun- his Daugtter,
dered. So when he was diſpoſed to be merry , he would ſay it was happy with bim when Z«peter
thundered, He took away Lucie $c5pio's Horſe from him , that had triumphed for the ViRories Merry with
he had won of the great King Antzochns : which wan him much ill will , becauſe. it appeared _ _
ro the world hedid it of purpoſe , fer themalice he did bear Scipio the AxR1can, that was dead. — ——
But the thing that moſt grieved the People , of all other extremities he uſed, was his putting down Banquetting
of all Feaſts and vain expences. For a man to take it clean away , and to be openly ſeen in it, it and Feaſ!s put
was unpoſlible , becauſe it was ſo common a thing , and every man was given ſo to ir, Therefore £9" by Cao,
Cato to ferch it about indirectly , did praiſe every Citizens goods , and rated their Apparell, their _
Coaches, their Litters , their Wives Chains, and Jewels, and all other moveables and Houſhold- e a c—_
ſtuff, that had coſt above a thouſand five hundred Drachmes a piece , at ten times as much as they ,,..c. » *
were worth : to the end that ſuch as had beſtowed their money in thoſe curious trifles, ſhould pay ſo Rane.
much more ſubſidie to the maintenance of the Common-wealth., as their goods were overvalued at.
Moreover he ordained for _ thouſand Aſs that thoſe trifling things were praiſed at, the own-
ers.thereof ſhould pay three thouſand Affes ro the common treaſurie : to th& end that they who were
grieved with this Tax , and ſaw other pay leſs ſubſidie ( that were as mych worth as themſelves,
. by living without ſuch Toyes ) might call home themſelves again : and lay aſide ſuch fooliſh
bravery and fineſs. Notwithſtanding, Ca! was envied every way, Firſt , ofthem that were con-
rented to . pay the Tax impoſed , rather then they would leave their vanity : and next, of themalſo F
that would rather reform themſelves , then pay the Tax. And ſome think that this Law was de-
viſed rather to take away their goods , then to letthem to make any ſhew of them : and they have
a fond opinion beſides , that their riches are better- ſeen in ſuperfluous things , then in neceſ- Soperfluous
ſary, Whereat they ſay Ariſftotl: the Philoſopher did wonder more , then at any other m_ reckone
thing : how men could think them more rich and happy , that had many curious and © bes
ſuperfluous things , then thoſe that had neceſſary and profitable things. And Scopas the $94 goods
THESSALIAN , When one of his familiar Friends asked him I Know not what trifling y*** _
thing , and ro make him grant it the ſooner, told him it was a thing he might well ſpare, and 4;4 hi -
did him no good : Marry ſaid he , all the goods I have, are in ſuch Toyes as dome no good, So this good.
covetous deſire we have to be rich , cometh of no neceſſary defire in nature , but is bread in us
by a falſe opinion from the Common ſort, Now Cato caring leaſt of all for the exclamations th
made againſt him , grew to be more ſtraight and ſevere, For he cut off the pipes and quils private
men had made to convey Water into their Houſes and Gardens, robbing the City of the Water that
came from their common Conduit heads., and did pluck down alſo mens Porches that were
made before their Doors into the Street , and brought down-. the priſes of common works in
the City , and moreover raiſed the common Farms and cuſtomes of the City , as high as he could,
all which -things together made him greatly bated and envied of moſt mien, Wherefore Tir
Flaminins , _ certain other being bent againſt him -in open Senate, cauſed all Cato's covenants
and bargains made with the Maſter Work-man , fer . repairing and mending of the common
buildings and Holy places, to be made void , as things greatly prejudiciall to the Common-wealth,
And they did alſo ſtir up the boldeſt and raſheſt of the Tribunes of the People againſt him, be-
cauſe they ſhould accuſe him unto the People , and make requeſt he might be condemned in the
ſum of two Talents, They did marvellouſly hinder alſo the building of the Pallace he built ar
the charge of the Common-wealth , looking into the 'Market-place under the Senate-houſe : which
Pallace was finiſhed notwithſtanding, and called after his Name , Baſilica Porcia: as who would Baſics Porcis
fay, the Pallace Poycixs the Cenſor built. Howbeit it ſeemed the People of Roms did greatly like Þvilt by Caro,
and commend his goverment in the Cenſorſhip : for they ſer up a Statue of him in the Temple {'***. Jmege
of the goddeſs of Health , whereunder they wrote not his Victories nor triumph, but onely ingra- Trans #4
ved this inſcription word for word , to thiseffe& by tranſlation : For the honour of Aſarcus Cato goddeſsof
the Cenſor : becauſe he reformed the diſcipline of the Common-wealth of Rows ( that was far Hezlch.
out of order, and given to licentious life ) by his wile precepts , good manners, and Holy inſtitu. 5000ur
tions. Indeed, before this Image was ſet up for him, he was wont. to mock at them that delighted, Frys -
and were defirous'of ſuch things : ſaying , they did nor conſider how they bragged in Founders, ,
Painters, and Image-makers, but nothung of their Vertues : and that for himſelf, the People did al-
—_ lively Tmages of him in their hearts , meaning the memory of his life and doings.
When ſome wondered why divers mean men and unknown perſons had Images ſet up of
them , and there were none of him, he gave them this anſwer ; 1 bad rather men ſhould ask wh
Cars had noTmage fer up for him , then why he had any. In the end , he would have no honeft No man
. man abide to be- praiſed, unleſs his praiſe turned to the benefit of the Common-wealth : and yet was ſhould abide
« he one of themthar would moſt praiſe himſelf. So that if any had done a fault , or tepr awrie, be
and that men had gone about to reprove them , he would ſay they were not to be blamed , for ©...
they were no Care's that did offend, And ſuch 2 counterſeited to follow any of his doings, and wealth,
g | Cy came
MARCUS CATO.
came ſhort of his manner , he called them left handed Cato's. He-would ſay that-in moſt dange-
rous times the Senate uſed to caft their eyes upon him, as paſſengers on the Sea do look upon the
, Maſter of the Ship in a'ftorm : and that manly tinies when he was abſent, the Senate woutd pur
Whar Gauge over matters of importance , untill he might"*come among them, And this is confirmed to be
No andre. true 2s well by-other as by himſelf, His Authority was great- in matters of State , for his wiſe-
wards his dom, his eloquence , and great experience, Beſides this commendation ,, they praiſed him for
Wife and 2 good.Father to his Children , a good Husbandro his Wife, and a good ſaver for his profit: for he
Cond. was never careleſs of them, as things to be lightly paſſed on, therefore me thinks I nwſt
rw _— needs tell you by the way ſome part of his well doing , to follow our declaration of him. Firſt
born Gentle. | Ofall he married a Gentlewoman more Noble then rich, knowing that either of both would make
women the her proud and ftout enough : but yer he thought the Nobler born , would be the more aſhamed
beſt Wives. of diſhoneſty , then rhe meaner born ; and therefore they would be more obedient to their
_— <o-_ Husbands , in all honeſt manner and reaſonable things. Furthermore , he ſaid ; that he that bear
was 77 pany © his Wife or his Child , did-commit as great a facriledge, as if he polluted or ſpoiled the holieſt
ing with the things of the world : and he thought it a-greater praiſe for a man to be a gvod Husband then a
ſhrewdneſs of good Senatour. And therefore he thought nothing more commendable in the life of old $o-
his Wife. "crates , then his patience, in-uſing his Wife well, that was ſuch a ſhrew, and his Children thar
———— '» Were lo hare-braind. After Cato's Wife had brought him a Son, he could not have ſo earneſt
er own buſineſs in hand, if it had not touched the Common-wealth , but he would let all alone, to
Child. go home to his houſe , about the time his Wife did unſwaddle the young Boy to waſh and ſhift
him : for ſhe gave it ſtk with her own Breaſts, and many times would let the ſlaves Chil-
dren ſuck of her alſo , becauſe they might have a naturall love towards her Son , having
ſucked one milk , and been: brought up together. When his Son was' come to age of dif-
cretion, and that he was able to learn any thing , Cato himſelf did teach him , notwithſtanding
wag my he had a ſlave in his Houſe called Chi/o ( a very honeſt, man , and a good Grammarian ) who
Chilo a Gram. 4id alſo reach many other : but as be ſaid himſelf , he. did not like a flave ſhould rebuke his
marian, Son , nor pull him by the ears, when peradventure he was not apt to take very ſuddenly that
was taught him.: neirher would be have his Son bound to a {lave for ſo great a matter as
What exer= that , as to have his learning of him, Wherefore he himſelf raught him his Grammar, the Law,
Ciſes Cato and toexerciſe his Body , not onely to row « Dart, to play atthe Sword, to vault, to ride a Horſe,
_—_ up his and to handle all ſorts of Weapons, but alſo to fight with fiſts , to abide cold and heat , and to
4M ſwim over a ſwift running River. He ſaid moreover , that he wrote goodly Hiſtories in great letters
with his own hand , becauſe his. Son might learn in bis Fathers Houſe the Vertues of good men
in times paſt , that he taking example by their doings , ſhould frame his life to excell them, He ſaid
alſo that he took as great heed of ſpeaking any foul or uncomely words before his Son , as he
would have done if he had been before the Veſtall Nuns. He never was in the hot Houſe with
his Son : for it was a common uſe with the ROMANS at that time, that the Sons in Law did
not bathe themſelves with their Fathers in Law , but were aſhamed to ſee one another naked. Bur
afterwards they having learned of the Grxttxs to waſh themſelves naked with men , it taught
them alſo to be naked in the bathe even with their Wives, There lacked no towardlineſs , nor
good diſpoſition.in Cato's Son , to frame himſelf Vertuous -. for he was of {o good a nature, that
he ſhewed himſelf willing to follow whatſoeyer his Father had - raught him. Howbeit he was
ſuch a weak puling , that he could not away; with much hardneſs, and. therefore his Father . was
Cates Son — contented not to bind him' to: that ftraight-and painfull life,” which himſelf had kept, Yer he
was valiant. became valiant in the Wars. 'For. he fought marvellous ftoguly in the Batell , in which Perſeus
King of Ma c£DO N was overthrown by Pant e/Emylius ';. Where his ſword being ſtricken our
of his hand , with a great :blow'that lighted on. it, and by reaſon. his hand, was ſomewhat ſweaty
beſides, he fell into a great fusy , and prayed ſome of his friends to help him to recover it, $0 they
all rogether ran upon the Enemies in that place where his'{word fell out of his hand , and came
in ſo fiercely on chem , that rhey made a lane through them ; and clearing the place, found it in
the end, but with much ado ,' being under ſuch a heap of dead Bodies. and other weapons as
.well Rowans as MACEDONIANS , one lying on another. Panlus e/Emylis the Generall
hearing of this a& of his, did highly commend the young. man. And at this day:there is a Letter ex-
I rant from Caro to his Son, in- the which he praiſeth this worthy: FaR and toil of bis , for the reco-
. ens nag. Vering of his ſword again. Afterwards , this (aro the younger married 7ertia., one of Pawlus eA-
ried Tertja , - Wylius Daughters, and Siſter unto Sczpso the ſecond , and ſo was matched in this Noble Houſe, not
Paulus -: anely for his own Vertues ſake, but for reſpe of his Fathers dignity and authority :. whereby the
mylius Daugh- oreat care , pains and ſtudy that Cazothe Father rook in bringing up his Son , in Vertue and. Learn-
| Seaviorheſe- Ing , was bonourably rewarded in the happy beſtowing of ;his Son, He ever. had a great num-
cond was JE ber of young little ſlaves which he bought , when any wduld (ell their Priſoners in the Wars. He
mylius naturall did chuſe them thus young: ,] becauſe they: were apt -yet to. learn any thing he would train them
Son. & ynto, and that a man might break-them like young Colts, orlittle Whelps., Bur,none of chem all
Car0 7 qt " -how many fſoever he had , did ever go to atiy-mans houle,' but when himſelf or his. Wife did
_— ſend them, If any man askt them what Cato did : anſwered , they: could not tell, - And when
Caro's opinion they were within , either they muſt needs; be 'occypied about ſomewhat. , or elſe they muſt ſleep :
of fleepy For he loved them well that were: ſleepy , holding opinion that {laves that loyed ſleep were more
_ traRtable and willing to do any thing a-man-would ſer them to. , then thoſe: that were waking,
| | a
— —
CO CCC Cc xx — — - _—
M A R C U SC4 T 0: | _
— ——
=
And becauſe - he thought that nothing did more provoke flaves to miſchief and naughtineſs
then luſt and deſire of Women : he was contented his flaves might company with his bondwo-
men in his houſe, for a piece of money he appointed chem to pay, but with ſtraight comman-
dement beſides , that none of them ſhould deal with any other woman abroad. At the firſt when
he gave himſelf ro follow the Wars, and was nor greatly rich , he never was angry for any fault
his Servants did abour his perſon : ſaying rhat it was a foul thing for a Gentleman or Nobleman, ro
fall out with his Servants for his belly. Aftrerwards as he roſe to r Rate , and grew to be weal- Nete how
thier , if he had made a Dinner or Supper for any of his Friends and Familiars, they were no ſooner -
gone , but he would ſcourge them with whips and leather thongs, chat had not waited as they ſhould and opinion
have done it the boord , or had forgotten any thing he would have had done; He would ever craf. by Wealth,
tily make one of them fall out with another - for he could nor abide they ſhould be friends , be-
ing ever jealous of that, If any of thera had done a fault that deſerved death , he would declare his
oftence before them all : and then if they condemned him ro die, he would put him to death be- -
fore them all : Howbeit in bis latter time be grew 'greedy, and gave up his tillage, ſaying that it was
more pleaſant chen profitable, Therefore becauſe he would lay our his money ſurely, and bring ©*!'s good
a certain revenue to his Purſe , he beſtowed it upon Ponds, and naturall hot bathes, and places fir A
for fullers craft ; upon Medows and Paſtures , upon copiſes and young wood : and of all theſe bis —
be made a great and a more quiet revenue yearly , which he would fay , Fapiter himſelf could
not diminiſh. Furthermore he was a great uſurer , both by Land and by Sea : and the uſury he took
by Sea , was moſt extream of all other , for he uſed it in this ſort, He would have to whom he
lent his money unto, that trafficked by Sea , to have many partners, to the numberof fry ; and that ©#79 a grear
they ſhould have ſo many Ships. Then he would venture among them for a part onely , where- aſurce,
of Dnintiw bis ſlave whom he had manumifſed , was made his fa&tor , and uſed to fail andtrat- ——
fick with the Merchants , to whom he had lent his money out to uſury, . And thus hedid not ven: ſea. as
ture all the money he lent , but a little piece onely for-his part , and got marvellous riches by his u-
ſurie. Moreover belent money to any of his (laves , that would therewith buy other young ſlaves,
whom they taught and brought up to do ſervice, at Care's —_—— coſt : and then they ſold
them again at the years end , and ſome of them Caro kept for his own ſervice ,, and gave his
ſlaves as much for them' as any other: offered. Therefore to allure his Son in like manner to make
profit of his money , he told him it wis no wiſe mans part to diminiſh his Subſtance , but rather the X
part of a Widow, Yet this was a token of a moſt greedy covetous mind , that he durſt affirm him
ro be divine , and worthy immorrall praiſe , that increaſed his wealth and patrimony more then
his Father left him. Furthermore when Cato was grown very old Carneades the ACADEMICK ; Corpeades ang
and Diogenes the STO1cx , were ſent from ATHENS as Ambaſſadors ro Rows, to ſue for a re- Diogenes Phi-
leaſe of a fine of five hundred Talents which they had impoſed on the AT#zn1ans upona con. leſophers ſene
demnarion paſſed againſt them for a contempt of appearance , by the ſentence of the $1cyoN1- *®balladours
ANS, at the ſuit of the OR0? 1A Ns, Immediately when theſe two Philoſophers were arrived in the ** *9*:
City of -ROME , the young Gentlemen that were given to their Books , did viſit and welcome them ,
and gave great reverence to them after they had heard them ſpeak , and ſpecially to Carneades :
whole grace in ſpeaking , and force of perſwading' was no ' lefs then the fame ran” of him ,
and ſpecially when he was to ſpeak in fo preat an aodience , and before ſuch a State , as would not
ſuppreſs hispraiſe, : Ro» ftraight was full , as if a wind had blown this rumour into every mans
ear ;; thar there was a GRECIAN arrived , a famous Learned man, 'who with bis eloquerite would
lead 4-man ashe lift, There wasno'other talk a while through the whole City , he had ſo iofla-
med. the, young Gentlemens minds with love and defire to be learned: thar all other. pleaſures and
delights were ſet aſide , and they diſpoſed themſelves to 'no other exerciſe , but, to the ſtudy of
Philoſophie ; as.if ſame ſecret and divine infpitation from above had procured them to it. Where-
of the Lords and Senators of Romz were glad , and rejoyced much to fee their youth ſo well
given to knowledge , and to the ſtudy of the Greek rongue , and to delight in the company of
thele rwo. great and excellent learned men. But Marcw Caro , even from the beginning that
young men -began to ſtudy the Greek tongue, and that ir grew in eſtimation in Rowe , did diſlike PRONE net
of it; fearing left the youth of ROE. that were defirous of aa \ eloquence, would utter- ,. Greek
ly give over the honour and glory of Armes. Furrhermore, when he ſaw the eſtimation and fame tongue.
of theſe two. perſo did increaſe more and more \, and in ſuch ſort that Caizs Aquiline , one of
the \chiefeſt, of the Senate made- ſure to be their interpreter - he determined then ro convey them
out, Of the City by ſome honeſt mean and colour. So he openly found fault one day in the Se-
nate, that: the A adqurs were long there , and had 'nor diſparch': confidering alfo they were
cunning. men, and could eaſily perſwade what they would. And if there were no other refpe,
this anely . might perſwade them to determine ſome anſwer for them , and ſo to fend them home
again, to their Schools , ro. teach their Children of Gxetcx , and to let alone the Children of ' /
ROME; ,. that they might learn to 6bey the Laws atid' rhe Senate , as they had done before. Now
he ſpake thus to the Senate , not of any private ill will or malice he bare £0 Carneades, as ſome men
thought, : bur becauſe be: generally ha mr<as , .and of arubition defpifed the Muſes and
knowledge of the Greek tongue, Which was the mote ſuſpeRed , becauſe he had ſaid , the anci-
ent, Socrates was but 2 buſie man, and a ſtirrer up of (edition , and fought by all means poſſible to
ulyrp Iyrnpy and rule .in bis Countrey, , by perverting and changing the manners and cuſtomes
of the ſame, and alluring the ſubje&s therevt ro a Ciſliking of their Laws and ancient Dag"
-
KD
L
————__RITT
200 MARCUS CAT 0.
And he laughed at Socrates School , that taught the art of Eloquence : ſaying his Schollers waxed '
old , and were ftill ſo long in learning, that they meant to'vſe their Eloquenceand plead Ciuſes in
another world before e Fines , when they were dead. Therefore to pluck his Son from the ſtudy of
the Greek tongue , he ſaid to him with a ſtrained voice, and in a bigger ſound. then he was wont to
do: (as if he had ſpoken to him by way of prophecy or inſpiration) that ſo long as the Romans
diſpoſed themſelves to ſtudy the Greek tongue , ſo long would they marre and bring all ro nought,
And yet time hath proved his vain words falſe and untrue. For the City of Roms did never -flour-
iſh ſo much, nor the Rowan Empire was ever ſo great , as at that time , when Learning and
the Greek tongue moſt flouriſhed. Howbeit Caro did not onely hate the Philoſophers of
GREECE, but did miſlike them alſo that profeſſed 1 joan in Roxs, For he hadeither heard or
read the anſwer Hippocrates made , when the King of PEtRs14 ſent for him , and offered him a
great ſum of Gold and Silver , if he would come and ſerve him : who ſware he would never ſerve
the barbarous People that were natural] Enemies to the GxEc1ans. So'Cato affirmed it was an
Oath that all other Phyſirians ware ever after : wherefore he cormmanded his Son to flie from
Cato's Phyſi= them all alike , and ſaid he had Written little Book of Phyſick, with the which he did heal thoſe
call Books. of his Houſe when they were ſick , and did keep them in Health, when they were whole. He never
forbade them to eat , but did always bring them up with Herbs, and certain light Meats, as Mal-
lard , Ring-doves and -Hares : for ſuch meats , ſaid he , are good for the ſick, ahd light digeſtion,
vying that they make them dream and Snort that eat them, He boaſted alſo how with this
manner of Phyſick, he did always keep himſelf in Health , and his family from fickneſs. Yet for
all that, I take ig, he did not all that he bragged of : for he buried both his Wife and his Son
alſo. Bur he himſelf was of a ftrong nature , and a luſty body , full of ſtrength and Health, and
lived long without fickneſs : ſo that when he was a very old man and paſt marriage , he loved Wo.
men well , and married a young Maiden for that cauſe onely. After his firſt Wife was dead, he mar-
ried his Son unto Paxlm e/Emlinus Daughter , the Siſter of Scipio , the ſecond Arxican,
Cato himſelf being a Widower , took pains with a pretty young Maid that waited in his Houſe, and
came by ſtealth to his Chamber : howbeit his haunt could not long continue ſecret in his Houſe , and
ſpecially where there was a young Gentlewoman married , þut needs muſt be ſpied. So one day when
the young Maid went ſomewhat boldly. by the Chamber of young (ato, to go to his Father, the
young man ſaid never a word at it : yet his Father perceived that he was ſomewhat aſhamed, and
gave the Maid no good: countenance, Wherefore finding that his Son and Daughter in Law
- were angry. with the matter, ſaying nothing to them of it , nor ſhewing them any ill counte-
| nance : he went one morning to the Market place ( as his manner was with a train that followed
— him, amongſt whom was one $a/onize that had been his Clark, and waited upon him as the reſt did,
**+ Salonizs Cato calling bim outaloud by his Name, asked him if he had nor yet beſtowed his Daughter. $.-
his Clark about J0n545 anſwered him}, he not yet. beſtowed her , nor would not before he made him privy to ir,
| the marriage - Then Cato told him again: I havefound out a Husband for her , and a Son in law for thee, and
of his Daugh- it will be no ill match for ber unleſs ſhe miſlike the age of the Man?” for indeed he is very old , bur
_ otherwiſe there is no fault in him. Salonizs told him again, as for that matter he referred all to him,
and his Daughter alſo , praying him even ro make what match he thought good for her : for ſhe was
his bumble Servant , and relyed wholly upon him , ſtanding in need of his favour and furtherance.
Then Cato began to diſcover , and told him plainly he would willingly marry ber himſelf. Salim.
therewith was abaſhed, becauſe -he thought Cato was too old to marry then , and himſelf was no fit
man to match in any honourable Houſe, ſpecially with a: Conſull , and one that had triumphed :
howbeic in the end, when he ſaw Cato meant | agar earneſt, he was very glad of the match, and
ſo with this talk they went on together to the Market place, and agreed then upon the mar-
riage. Now while they went about this matter , Cato the Son taking fome of his kin and
friends with him , wept unto his Father, to ask him if he had offended him in anything , that
for ſpite. he ſhould bring him a Step-mother into 'his Houſe. Then his Father cried our,
and ſaid : O my Son, I pray thee fay nor fo, I like well all thou doeſt ; and I find no cauſe
Cato's anſwer to complain of : but I do it , becauſe I defire to have many Children , and to leave many
Fe —_— ſuch like Citizens as thou art, in the Common-wealth. Some ay that P;fftratw the Tyrant of
necriogs, ATHENS, ſuch a like anſwer made unto the Children of his firſt Wife, which were men grown
Cato married When he married his ſecond Wife T;monaſ[[a , of the Town of AxG0o's ; of whom he had (as
| Salonius it is reported ) Zophon , and Theſſalws. But to return again to Cato, he had a' Son by hi
| i. ger ſecond Wife ,, whom he named after her: Name, Cato SALON1AN : and his Eldeſt Son died m
mo and had a ÞiS Office being Prztor , of whom he often ſpeaketh in diyers "of his Books commending him
Son by her, for a very. honeſt man, And ſay , be took the death of him very pariently , and like a grave
How Cazo Wile man, not leavingtherefore to do any ſervice or buſineſs for the State', otherwiſe then he did be-
paiſed his age. fore. And therein he did not as Lucius Laculiue,and Metelluy furnamed Piws,did afterwards; who gave
up medling any more with matters of Government and State, after they, were 'waxen- old. For he
thought it a charge and duty, whereunto every honeſt man' whileſt he lived was bound in all piety.
Nor as Scipio AFRICAN had done before him, who petceiving that the glory and fame of his do-
ings did but purchaſe him the ill will of: his Citizens, he 10s gr of his life into quiernels,
Cato; wiicines 2d forſook the City and all dealings in Commonwealth , went and dwelt in the Countrey.
end imens- 5* But as there was one that told Djony fie the Tyrant of SYRAcus A, 2s it is written , that he could
ments. * - Nnotdie more honourably , then to be buried in the Tyraniy : even fo did Caro think , that be could
we rs | : oy
" men, and at his own. Table would _—_ praiſe good men and vertuous Citizens , but would ſutfer The Table a
MARCUS CATO. zot |
—
not wax more honeſtly old , then in ſerving” of the Common-wealth unto: his dying day: So at va-
cant. times , when Cato was deſirous a little” ro recreate and refreſh himſelf, he paſſed his'time away
in king of Books , and looking upon his Hitsbandry- in the” Country.” This is' the cauſe why
he wrote ſo many kinds of Books , ahd. Stories. Bur' his tillage and Husbandry inthe Countrey,
be didtend and follow. in. his youth ,.for.his profir, For he (aid he had but two ſorts of revenue, Cto's re-
Tillage and ſparing : bur in age whatſoeyer he did 'in;the Countrey ,' it was all for pleaſure, and ro '****
learn ſomething ever; of nature. For be hath written” a Book of the" Coumtey life $ and of Tillage,
in the which he ſheweth how to make Tarts and Cakes,, and how to keep fruits :- he would needs
ſhew ſuch ſingularity: and $kill in all things, When he” was. in his Houſe in the Countrey , he fared
a little better then he did in other places', and would oftentimes bid his neighbours , and ſuch as
had Land lying about him, to. come. and Sup with him, .and he would be merry with them :
ſo that his company was not onely pleaſant and liking to old folks as himſelf, bur alſo to the YOung- Cato's compi-.
er ſort. For he had ſeen much, and had experience m many things, and uſed much pleaſant talk ny pleaſant
profitable for the hearers. He thought the boord one of the chieteſt means to breed love amongſt both co old and
young.
no talk of evil men , neitherin their praiſe nor diſpraiſe, . Now it is thonghe the laſt notable a& and ,,4 means
ſervice he did in the Commonwealth , was the overthrow of CaxTHAGE ; for indeed he that - procure
wan it and razed it utterly , was Scipio the ſecond , but it was chiefly through Cato's counſel and ad- love, and how
vice , that the laſt war was taken in hand againſt the CagTHAGINIANS , and chanced upon Tb'e talk
this occaſion; Cato was fent into AFRIcCx to underſtand the cauſe and controverſie that was be- —
tween the' CARTHAGINIANS and Maſſiniſa, King of Nuw1Dia , which were at great Wars the laſt Wars
together.” And he was ſent thither becauſe King Xſaſſinſſs bad ever been a friend unto the Ro- againftthe
mans';. and for that the CarTHaGINIANS were become their confederates fince the laſt Cartbaginians,
Wars ,-in the which they were overthrown by Scipio the firſt, who took for a fine of them a great
part of their Empire, and impoſed upon them beſides, a great yearly tribute, Now when he was
come iſto. that -Country , he found not the City of Caxtrace in miſery , beggery,, and our of
heart, a#8the Rowans ſuppoſed: but full of luſty youths, very rich and wealthy, and great ſtore of
Armoyr-and munition in jt for the Wars , ſo that by reaſon of the wealth f, CARTHAGS
carried. a high fail , -and ſtooped nor for a little, Wherefore he thoughr' that ir was more then time
for the RomaNs to leave to underftand the controverſies betwixt the CaxTHAGINIANS, and
eMaſſniſſs , and rather to provide betimes to deſtroy CaxTHAG# , that hath ever been an ;
ancient Enemy to the ROMANS, and ever ſought to be revenged of that they had ſuffered at their -
hands before , and that they were now grownto that greatneſs and courage in ſo ſhort time,, as in - 8
manner it was incredible; 1o as it was likely they, would fall into as great enmity with the Romans,
as ever they did before; Therefore ſo ſoon as he returned to Rowe , he plainly told the Senate,
that the loſſes and harms the CaxTHAGINIANS had received by the laſt Wars they had with
thenr;7had nor ſo much diminiſhed their Power and Strengrh,as the {ame had ſhewed their own folly
and lack of wiſdom : for it was to be feared much, left their late troubles had made them more $kil-
full, then weakned them for the Wars. - And that they made Wars now with the Num1D+- 6 2008 120
ANS , tO exerciſe them onely , meaning afterwards to War with themſelves: and that the peace WK VBoTs if
they had made with them, was but an intermiſſion and ſtay of Wars , onely expeQing time and If, 00810
opportunity to break with them again, They ſay moreover , that beſides the per{waſions be uſed, |
he brought with him of purpoſe Arr1cx Figs in his long {leeves, which he ſhook out amongſt
them in the Senate : and when the Senators marvyelled to ſee ſo goodly fair green Figs , he ſaid ;
the Countrey that beareth them , is not above three days ſayling from ROMs. Bur yer this is more
ſtrange which they report of him beſides : that he never declared his opinion in any matter in the Se-
nate after that , but this was ever the one end. of his tale : Me thinketh ſtill CaxTHAGE would be
utterly deſtroyed, Pablins Scipio Naſica , uſed ever in like manner the contrary ſpeech : that he
thought it meer CARTHAGE ſhould ſtand. This Publius Scipio ſaw , in my opinion , that the RO- gcipjo Nefics,
MANS through their pride and inſolency were full of abſurdities , and carried themſelves very againſt Caro,
high by reaſon of their happy ſucceſs and ViRories , and were ſo lofry minded, that the Senate could for the deftroy-
hardly rule them : and that by reaſon of their great authority, they imagined they might bring their 15 - _
City to what height they would. Therefore he ſpake it that the fear of CaRTHAGE might al-
ways continue as a Bridle, to rain in the inſolency of rhe People of Ro £, who knew well enough,
that the CaxTHAGINIANS were of no ſufficient power to make Wars with the Romans ,
nor ye to overcome them : and even ſo were they not wholly to be deſpiſed , and not to be feared ar
all,. Cato ftill replyedto the contrary , that therein conſiſted the greateſt danger of all : that a City
which was ever of great force and Power, and had been puniſhed for former Wars and miſery , | F
would always have aneye of revenge to their Enemies , and be much like a Horfe that had broken his "
Halter , that being unbridled ,- would run upon his rider. And therefore he thought it no good
nor ſound advice, ſo to ſuffer the CaRTHAGINIANS to recover their ſtrength , but rather they
ought- alrogether ro take: away all outward danger , and the fear they ftood in to looſe their con-
queſt : and ſpecially , when they left means within the City felf to fall- ſtill again to their former
rebellion. And this is the cauſe why they fuppoſe Cato was the occafion of the third and laſt War
theROMaNns had againſt the CaxTHAGINLANS. Bur now when the War was begun , Cato Car: denk
died, and before his death he propheſied, as man would ſay , who it ſhould be that ſhould end |
thoſe Wars, And it was Scipio the ſecond , who being a young man at that time , had charge _
y
@—_
Up ———
302
ARISTIDES &CAT O.
—
| p—
as a Collonel oyer a thouſand Footmen ; but in all Battels ,.and whereſoever there was Wars , he
|
> Ea himſelf ever valiant and wiſe, Infomuch as News being brotight- thereof continually
Cato's poſteri-
oy.
Ariftides md
Cato's acceſs
ro the Com.
mon=yealth,
T his onely man right wiſe reputed u to be, We - 5.
| All other ſeem but ſhadoWs, ſet by ſuch wiſe men at he. ; 3
Which Prophecy Scipio ſoon after confirmed true by his doings. Moreover, the iſſue Caro lefe
behind him, was a Son he had by his ſecond Wife : who . was called ( as we faid before ) Cato $a-
LONIAN , by reaſon of his Mother, and alitle Boy of his Eldeſt Son that died before him. This
(Cato SALONI A Ndied being Prztor, but he left a Son behind him that came to be Confull, and
was Grandfather unto Cato the Philoſopher, one of the moſt vertuous men of his rime. * ---
The end of Marcus CaTO's Life the Cenſor.
THE COMPARISON OF
1 things of memory : if we will confet the Life of the one , with the Life
(za of the other , perhaps the difference berween the one and the other
YN will not eafily be diſcerned , ſeeing there be ſo many ſimilitudes and re-
&1| ſemblances one of another. But if we come to compare them in eve- ,
MN ry particularity , as we would do Poets Works , or Piftures drawn in
MIL Cables : firſt , in this we ſhall findthem much alike, that having had no-
Al thing elſe to prefer and commend them , but 'their onely Vertue and
Z2 Wiidom', they have been both Governours in their Common-wealth ,
S—= and have thereby atchieved to great honour and eſtimation. But me thinks
when Ariſtides came to deal in matters of State, the Colamonwealth and Seigniority of ArHzxs
being then of no great Power , it was eaſie for him to advance himſelf , becauſe the other Gover-
nours and Captains of his time, andthat were Competitors with him , were not very rich , nor ot
great Authority, For the Tax of the richeſt Perſons then at ATHE Ns in revenue, was but at five
Hundred buſhels of Corn and upwards , and therefore were fuch called Pentacoſiomedimni.
The ſecond Tax was but at three hundred buſhels, and they, were called Knights. Thethird and
laft was at two hundred buſhels, and they called them Zeugitz. Where Marcw Cato coming
out of a little Village from a rude Countrey life, went at the daſh as it were) to plunge him-
ſelf into a. bottomleſs Sea of Government in the Common-wealth of Rows : which was not ru-
led then by ſuch Governours and Captains, as C#rius Fabricins , and Oftilixs were in old time.
For the People of Rows did no more beſtow their Offices upon ſuch mean labouring men, as
came but lately from the Plough and the Mattock : but they would look now upon the Nobili-
ty of their Houſes, and upon their riches that gave them moſt Money , or ſued earneſtly to them
for the Office. — reaſon of their great Power and Authority, they would be waited upon
and fued unto , by thofe that ſought to bear the honourable Offices of the State and Common-
wealth, And it was no like match nor compariſon , to have Themiſtocles an adverſary and C om-
petitor, being neither of Noble Houſe , nor greatly rich ( for ny ſay thar all the goods his Father
left him , were not worth above four or five hundred Talents, when he began to deal in State )
in reſpe& as to contend for the chiefeſt place of Honour and Authority againſt Scipio AFR CAN,
Sertiliuu Galba, or Puintins Flaminius , taving no other maintenance , nor help to truſt - :
| 290 4; [
RT 0 OW TS
-
ARISTIDES & C( AT0. . 303
bur a tongue ſpeaking boldly with reaſon and all uprightneſs: Moreover , Ariſtides at the Battles
of MARATHON, and of PLAT&Es , was but one of the Ten Captains of the ArHtentans:
where Cato was choſen one of the two Conſuls —_ many other Noble and great C ompetitors,and
one of the two Cenſors , before ſeven other that made ſuit @r it, which were all men of great repu-
ration inthe City, and yet was (aro preferred before them all. Furthermore » Ariſtides wasnever
the chiefeſt in any Victory. For at the Battell of MazaTHON, Miltiades was the Generall ; and
at the Battell of SALam1NA , Themiſtocles: and at the journey of Prat &ts , King Panſani as as
Herodotus ſaith , who writeth that he had a marvellous ViRory there. And there were that ſtrived
with Ariſftides for the ſecond place , as Sophanes , Amynias, Callimachus , and Cynegirm, every one
of the which did notable valiant ſervice at thoſe Battels, Now Cato was Generall himſelf , and
chief of all his Army in worthineſs and Council , during the War he made in Sea1N while ———
he was Conſull. Atterwards alſo in the journey where King eA ntiochus was overthrown in the Ges
Countrey of THERMOPYLES, Cato being but a Colonell of a thouſand Footmen , and ſerving un- Ariſtidee.
der another that was Conſull , wan the Honor of the Victory , when he did ſuddenly ſet upon
Antiochus behind , whereas he looked onely to defend himſelt before. And that Victory without
all doubt was one of the chiefeſt Acts that ever Caro did , who drave As14 out of Grteec E, and
opened the way unto Lxcixs Scipio to pals afterwards into As1a. Sothen for the Wars , neither
the one nor the other of them was ever overcome in Barttell : bur in peace and civill Government,
Ariſtides was ſupplanted by Themiſtocles , who by praQtiſe got him to be baniſhed ATnzxs
for a time. Whereas Cato had in manner all the greateſt and Nobleſt men of Roz that were in Ariſtides and
his time , ſworn Enemies unto him , and having always contended with them even to his laſt £to's dil-
hour, he ever kept himſelf on ſound ground, like a ſtout — , and never took fall nor pleaſures +
foil, For he having accuſed many before the People , and many alfo accuſing him, himſelf was __ "
never once condenined , but always his tongue was the Buckler and defence of his Lifeand inno=
cency, Which was to him ſo neceſſary a weapon, and with it he could help himſelf in ſo great The power of
matters , that ( in my opinion)it was the onely cauſe why he never received diſhonour,nor was un- innocency and
juſtly condemned : rather then for any thing elſe he was beholden to Fortune , or to any other Eloquence,
that did prote&t him. And truly , Eloquence is a ſingular gift, as Antipater witneſſeth, in that he
wrote of Ariſtotle the Philoſopher after his death : ſaying that amongſt many other fingular gra-
ces and perfetions in him, he had this rare gift , that he could perſwade what he liſted. Now
there'is a rule confeſſed of all the world , that no man can attain any greater vertue or know-
ledge, then to know how to govern a multitude of men, or a City : a part whereof is Oecono. O*<onomia,
mia, commonly called Houſe-rule , conſidering that a Ciry is no other , then an aſſembly of many Mr
houſholds and Houſes together , and then- is the City commonly ftrong and of Power, when as
the Townſmen and Citizens are wiſe and wealthy, Therefore Lycxro that baniſhed Gold and
Silver from LacsD&MON , and coyned them Money of Iron, bh would be marred with fire and
Vinegar when it was hot , did not forbid his Citizens to'be good. Husbands : but like a good Law-
maker, exceeding all other that ever went before him , he did not onely cut off all ſuperfluous ex-
pences that commonly wait upon riches , but did alſo provide that his People ſhould lack no-
thing neceſſary to live withall , fearing more to ſee a begger and needy perſon dwelling in his Ci-
ty, and enjoy the priviledges of the ſame , then a proud man by reaſon of his riches. So me thinks,
Cato was as good a Father to his houſhold , as he wasa good Governour to the Common-wealth :
for he did honeftly increaſe his goods, and did teach other alſo to do the ſame , by ſaving, and
knowledge of good Husbandry , whereof in his Book he wrote ſundry good rules and Precepts :
—_ contrariwiſe , made juftice odious and flanderous by his poverty , and as a thing that
e men poor, and was more profitable to other , then to a mans ſelf that uſed juſtice, And
yet Hefiodss the Poet, that commendeth juſtice ſo much , doth wiſh us withall ro _ Huſ--
bands , reproving ſloth and idleneſs , as the root and original of all injuſtice, therefore
me thinks Homey ſpake wiſely when he faid :
In times paſt, neither did I labour, cark, nor care
For buſineſs, for family, for food, nor yet for fare :
But rather did delight , with ſhips the Seas to ſail.
To draw 4 bow, to fling a Dart in Warts, and to prevail,
As giving us to underſtand, that juſtice and Husbandry are two relatives , and neceflarily linked
one to the other : and that a man who hath no care of his own things nor Houſe , doth live unjuſt-
ly, and taketh from other men. For juſtice is not like Oyl , which Phyſicians ſay is very wholfom The Natote
lor mans'Body, if it be applied outwardly : and in contrary manner very ill , if a man drihk ic : nei- of Oyl.
ther _ ajuſt man to profit ſtrangers, and inthe end not to care for himfelf nor his. Therefore
me thinks this ing Vertue of, Ar;ſtides had a fault in this reſpe&, if it be true thar moſt No man wiſe;
Authors write of him - that he had no care nor forecaſt with him to leave fo-mueh, as to- marry tb: is nor
his Daughters withall, nor wherewith to bury himſelf. Where thoſe of the Houſe of Caro, conti- ry to him-
nugd Prztors and - Conſuls of ROME even unto the. fourth deſcent. For his Sons Sons , and yer © *
lower , his Sons Sons Sons came to the greateſt Offices of dignity in Rome, And Ariſftides, who
was1n his time the chiefeſt man of GREECE, left his poſterity, in ſo great poverty , that ſome were
compelledto become Soothſayers ( that Interpret Dreams , and tell mens Fortune ) eo get their li- Whether
ving', and other to ask Almes: and left no mean to any of them to do any great thing worthy poverty be an *
him. Bur to contrary this, ir might be ſaid , poverty of it felf is neither ill nor —__ ; evil thing,
ut
Cato in
204, ARISTIDES &CATO.
but where it groweth by idleneſs, careleſs life , vanity and folly, it is to be reproyed, For when
it lighteth upon any man that is honeſt , and liveth well, that taketh pains, is very diligerit,Juſt,
Valiant , Wiſe, and Governeth a Common-wealth well : then it is a great ſign of a Noble mind :
for it is unpoflible that man ſhould do-gny great things , that had ſuch a baſe 'mind as to think al-
ways upon trifles : and that he ſhould releeve the Poor greatly, that lacketh himſelf relief inma-
ny things. And ſure, riches are not ſo neceſſary for an honeſt man that will deal truely in the C 0m-
mon-wealth, and Government , as 1s ſufficiency : which being a contentation in ir ſelf , ar deſirous
of no ſuperfluous thing , it never withdraweth a man from fo lowing - his buſineſs in the Common-
wealth , that enjoyeth the ſame. For God is he alone, who ſimply and abſolutely hath no need
of any thing at all : wherefore the chiefeſt Vertue that can be in man, that cometh neareſt unto
God, ought to be eſteemed that , which makerh man to have need of leaſt things. For like as a
Iluſty Body, and well complexioned , hath no negd of ſuperfluous fare and curious Apparell : even
ſo a clean Life , and ſound Houſe, is kept with a little charge : and ſo ſhould the goods alſo be pro-
portioned, according to uſe and neceſliry. For he that gathereth much , and ſpendeth little , hath
never enough. But admit he hath no defire to ſpend much , then he is a Fool to travell to ger
more then he needeth : and if he do defire it , and dare not for niggardlineſs ſpend part of that he
laboureth for , then he is miſerable. Now would 1 ask Cato with a good will , if riches be made
but to uſe them , why do you boaſt then you have gotten much together , when a'little doth ſuf.
fice you ? And if it be a commendable thing ( as in iruh it is ) to be contented with the bread you
find, to drink of the ſame Tap Work-men and Labourers do , not to care for Purpledied Gowns :
nor tor Houſes with plaſtered Walls : it followeth then, that neither Aries, nor Epaminondas,nor
CW anius Curine, nor CainmgFabritins , have forgotten any part of their duties , when they cared
not for getting of that which would nor uſe nor occupy. For it was tono purpoſe for a man
that eſteemed Roots and Parſenips to be one of the beſt diſhes in- the world , and that did ſeeth
them himſelf in his chimney , whileſt his Wife did bake his Bread , to talk ſo much of an aſſe ,
and to take pains to write , by what Art and induſtry a man might quickly inrich- himſelf, For it
is true, that ſufficiency and to be contented with a little, is a good and commendable thing : but ir
is becauſe it taketh from us all deſire of unneceſlary things, and. maketh us not to 'paſs for them,
And therefore we find that Ariftides ſaid , when rich Callias caſe was pleaded, that ſuch as were
poor againſt their wills , might well be aſhamed of their poverty : but ſuch as were willingly
poor, had good caufe and 'might juſtly rejoyce at it, For it werea mad part to think that .4ri/ti-
des paverty proceeded of a: baſe mind and flothfulneſs, fince he might quickly have made him-
— Felf rich withour any diſhoneſty at all , by raking onely the ſpoil of ſome one of the Barbarous
Ge fatte © =" People whom he had overcome," or any one of their -Tents. Bur enough for this matter, Further
-:10+ did more, touching the ViRories and Bartels Cato had.won , they did in manner little help to increaſe
moſt benefir the Empire of ROmE - for it was already ſo great\, as it could almoſt be no greater. But .4ri/ides
their Coun- Victories are the greateſt Conqueſt and Nobleſt Acts that the Gxtc1 a ws ever did in any Wars :
yy as the jotrney of Mara THON, the Battell of SAL.amina , andthe Battellof PratAats. And
yetthere is no reaſon to compare King Antiochus with King Xerxes , nor the Walls of the City of *
SPa1Nn which Cato overthrew and razed, unto ſo many thouſands of Barbarous People , which
were then overthrown and put to the Sword by the GxEc1ans, as well by Land as by Sea, In all
which ſervices , Ariftides was the chiefeft .before all other, as rouching hisvaliantneſs in fighting :
notwithſtanding he gave other the glory of it , thar deſired it more then himſelf, as he did eafily leave =
the Gold and Silver unto thoſe that had more need of it then himſelf, Wherein he ſhewed himſelf
of a Nobler mind then all they did. Furthermore, for my part, I will not reprove Cats's manner, to
commend and extoll himſelf ſo highly above all other , fince he himſelf faith in an Oxation he made,
that to praiſe himſelf is as much folly, as alſo ro dilpraiſe himſelf: but rhis 1 think , his Vertwe is
more perfe& that defireth other ſhould nor praiſe him , then he that commonly:doth uſe to praiſe him-
Ambition a ſelf. For not to be ambitious, is a great ſhew of. humanity, and neceflary for him that will live
hatefull thing amongft men of Government : and eyen ſo, ambition is hatefull, and procureth great envy unto
_ NE: him that is infeRted withall, Of the which Ariſt5des was clear, and Cato far gone init, For A-
34 bd * riſtidesdid help Themiſtocles his chiefeſt Enemy, in .all bis Nobleſt Acts, and did ſerve him (as a
man would ſay ) like a private Souldier that guarded his Perſon , when Themiftocles was Generall,
| being the onely Inftrument and mean of his'glory : which was indeed the onely cauſe that the
City of ATHENS was ſaved, and reſtored again to her former good State. {to contrariwiſe, crol-
' .-- »»- fing S:45pio in all his enterpriſes , thought to hinder his voyage and journey tmto CARTHAGE , In
-, the which he overcame Hannibal , who untill that time was ever invincible : -and fo in the end,
continuing him till in jealouſie with the State and ever accuſing of him , he never left him till he
"had driven him 'out of the City , and cauſed his Brother Z8c5u5 Scipio to be ſhamefully condem-
ned for thefc., and- ill behaviour in his charge, Furthermore , for temperancy and modeſty which
Cato reproved' Gato did-ever commend ſo highly, Ariſf5des truly kept them moſt ſincerely, '\But Caro's ſecond
for his lecond Wife, who married a Maid: ( that. was neither fit for his dignity aud calling , nor agreeable for þis
Wife. age) made him to be thought a letcherous man , and not- wichout manifeſt cauſe. For he cannot
be excuſed | with/ honeſty , that being a manpaſt marriage, brought his Son_that 'was married , and
- his fair Daughter.in Law , a Step-mother into his Houſe, and but a Clerks Danghter , whoſe Father
- - did write for Money, for any man that would hire-him. Take (it Cato martied-her to fatisfic bis luſt,
orelſe for ſpite tobe revenged of his Son ,” becauſe his Son/could [not abide 'his young filch mo
3s ore:
EE
PHILOPOEMEN. 104
before : cither of theſe turneth- ſtill to his ſhame , as well the EffeR as alſo the Cauſe. Again; the
ro have gotten other children, as he ſaid, thar might be as honeſt men as his eldeſt Son : then ſurely
he had done well after the death of his firſt Wife, if he had ſolght him another Wife ſoon after, that
had been of an honeſt Houſe ; and- not to have lyen with a young Harlotry filth , till his Son had
ſpied him : and then when he {aw ir was known, to go and marry her, and to make alliance with
them , riot becauſe it vas Honourable for him to do it , but eaſieſt to be obtained,
——
—__— | L—
THE LIFE OF.
ILOPOEMEXN.
—_—
PH
EEDMSZEERTYN the Ciry of MA x7 184 , there was i Citizen in old time called Caſſer-
\ $44,
Rail der , one that was as nobly born and of, as great authority in Government
| there, 38 any man of histime wharſoever. Notwithſtanding , fortune frow-
tif ned on himin the end, infomuch as he was driven out of his Cotmntrey, and
A] went tolie'in the Ciry of MEG A 11P0L1s.; onely for the love he bare un-
if 00 Craufic, Philopement Father, a rare man, and nobly givert in all things, Crauþr, Philo-
il 4nd. one that loved himalſs very well. Now ſo long as Crawfs lived, Caſ- P**n* Father,
Wl arder Was ſo well uſtd-at his hands, that he could lack nothihg : and when Cafſander, Phi-
a I - he was departed this wotld, Caſſander, to require the love Crawfi/ bare hin lopamens
tc emag #2 in his;life cime , rook his $on into his charge, bei at Orphan, and taught S<boolmalter.
him "as Homer faid' Achilles was tecuphe up bythe old Pt a»ix. So this child Philopeemen grewro
have noble conditi6ins, and increaſed aliways from good ro better. Afterwardg, when he cameto grow Panejhanes
to mins ſtate ,' Etdewws and Demophanes , both MEG a 1120L1T ANS,took hith into their govern- read Philolo-
ment.” They were/rws pg ow been hearers of Arcef/aws, in the School of Academia, phy to Phils
ahd a oY al the Philoſophy they had learned, upon their governing of the Common- #3.
wealth, and dealing matters of State, as much or more , then any other men of theit time, For
they delivered theit City from the tyranny of Ariftodemws, who kept it in ſubjeRion, by corrupting
thoſe" thar killed him. * And they did belp Ararw alſo ro drive the Tyrant Nicecles out of $1 cr-
ONE.” At the'requeſt of the CyxtN1a Ns, that were troubled with civill difſention and faRtions
among them , ey went unto CYRENA , where they did reform the ſtate of the Common-wealth,
and ftabliſhed good-Laws for them.- Bur for themſelves , chey reckoned the education and bringing
up 'of ie Ayer that ever they did + judging thar hey had procured an univer=
fallgood unto al Gxzxct , to bring up a man of ſo noble a nature, in the Roles and Precepts of
. And'o'ſay truly, Gxz ec did love-him pafſingly well, as the laſt valiant man the philpemes
forth in her' age; after ſo many great and «famous ancient Captains : and did always in-he laſt famous
_ s his Power and Kuoriy ao un Glory did Y Whereupon there was Roxas man of Greece,
r D -
#
| 206 PHIL OPOEME MX.
who to praiſe him the more, called him he laſt of the Gaz cans : meaning that after him, Gz xz cs
never brought forth any worthy perſbn , deſerving the name of a Grecian, And now concer-
| ning his perſon , he had no.ill face , as many ſuppoſe he had : for bis whole Image is yet to be een
Philopemen in the City of DELPHOS » excellently well done , as if he were alive. And for that they report of
_ "cat | his Hoſteſs in the City of MzGARA , who. took him for a Serying-man ; that was by reaſon of his
oO courteſie , not ſtanding upon his reputation , ang becauſe he-went plainly beſides. For ſhe underſtan-
ding that the Generall of the ACHA1ANs cameto Inne there all night , ſhe beſtirred her , and was
very buſie preparing for his ſupper , her husband peradventure being from home at that time : andin
the mean ſeaſon came Philopemen into the Inne ,» With a poor cloak on his back.. The ſimple wo.
man ſeeing him no better apparelled , took him for one of his men that came before to provide his
lodging , and ſo prayed him to lend her his band in the Kitchin. He ſtraight caſt off his cloak, and
began to fall ro hew wood, So as Philopemen was bufie about it , in cometh her Husband , and find.
ing him riving of wood : Ha ha ha , ſaid he , my Lord Philopames, why what meaneth this? Truly
nothing elſe, ſaid he in his Dox1can Tongue, but that I am puniſhed , becauſe I am neither fair
boy , nor goodly man, It istrue that Titus Lnintins Flaminins ſaid one a unto him , ſeeming to
mock him tor his perſonage : O Philopamen , thou haft fair hands and good legs, but thon haſt no
belly ; for he was fine in the waſte , and ſmall bodied. Notwithſtanding , I take it this jeſting tended
rather to the proportion of his Army , then of his body , becauſe he had both good Horſmen and
Footmen , but he was often without Money to pay them. Theſe Jefts, Scholars have taken up in
Schools, of Philopemen. But now to deſcend to his nature and conditions : it ſeemed that the am-
| bition and: defire he had ro win bonour in his doings , was not without ſome heat and wilfulneſ.
he wr " .;_ For, becauſe he would altogether follow Epaminonda ſteps, he ſhewed his hardineſs to enterprize any
full. thing , his wiſdom to execute all great matters, and his integrity alſo, in that no money could corrup:
him : but. in Ciyill matters and centroverſies , he could kardly otherwhiles keep himſelf within the
boundsof modeſty , patience , and courtefie, but would often burſt out into choler , and wilfulneſs,
Wherefore it ſeemeth , that be was a better Captgin for Wars,, then a wiſe Governonr for peace.
And indeed , even from his youth he ever loyeg $oulgiers:gpd Armes, and. delighted marvellouſly
in all Marziafl Exerciſes : as in handling of hig? capon well {riding of Horſes y , and in yaul-
- Philopemen ting nimbly, And becauſe he ſeemed to hayeana gil an png, certain of bis friends, and
delighted in £1ch as were carefull of him , did wiſh him to give himſelf moſt unto that exerciſe, Then he asked
- 1s emi them , if their life chat made ſuch profeſſion, would beno hindrance to their Martiall Exexoifes; An-
* {wer was made him again. That the indiſpoſition of the perſon, and manner of life that Wreſtlers uſed
and ſuch as followed like Exerciſes,was altogether contrary to the life and diſcipline of a Souldier, and
ſpecially rouching life and limb. For wreftlers ſtudied altogether to keep themſelves in good plight ,
by much ſleeping, eating, and drinking , by labouring , and taking their eafe at certain hours , by
not miſiing a jot of their Exerciſes : and beſides , were in hazard to loſe the fogce and ſtrength of their
body ; if they did ſurfeit never ſo lictle, or pafſed their ordinary courſe and rule of diet : where Soul-
diers contrariwiſe are uſed to all change and diverſity of life, and ſpecially betaughr from their youth,
Philopemen tg away with all hardneſs and ſcarcity , and to watch inthe night without fleep, Philopemen hea-
= 01'* ringthis, did not onely forſake thoſe Exerciſes , and ſcorned them, but afterwards being Generall of
= 5 an Army, he ſought by all infamous means he could to put down all wreftling and ſuch kind of ex-
erciſe , which made mens bodies unmeet to take pains, andto become ies to fight in defence
of their Countrey , that otherwiſe would have been very able and handſome for-the ſame. When
he firſt left his Book and Schoolmaſters, and began to wear Armour infInvalipns the Maw
NEANS uſed to make upon the La cED&MONIANS, to get ſome ſpoil on g ſudden, or to de-
troy a part of their Countrey : Phi/opamen then would eyer be the foremoſt ro: go out, and the
undermoſt to come in, When he had leiſure, be uſed much hunting in time of peace , all roacquaint
his body with toyl and travell , or elſe he would be digging of his Grounds. -Fpr-he had a fair Ma-
Philopemens - Nor , not paſling twenty furlongs out of the City, whither be would walk common! after dinner
pains how they Or ſupper : and then when night came that it was bed time, he would lie upon ſome ill-favoured Tate
were employed treſs, as the meaneft labourer he had, and inthe morning by break of the day , he went out either
with his Vine-men to labour in his Vineyard, or clſc with bis Plough-men to, follow the Plough,
and ſometimes returned, again to the City , an followed maſters of the Common-wealth, with
his friends and other Officers of the ſame. rſoever he could ſpare and get in the Wars, he
ſpent it in buying of goodly Horſes , in making of fair Armours , or paying his poor Countrey-
-- mens ranſom”, that were taken Priſoners in_ the Wars : but for his g Revenue, he ſought
onely to increaſe them by the. profit of tillage , which he eſteemgd the. jufteſt and beſt way of get-
ting of Goods. For he did not trifle therein, but imployed.his whole care and ſtudy upon it, as one
Philopwemens that thought it fit for every Nobleman and Gentleman ſo to travel] , govern,and increaſe his own, that
ſtudy and care he ſhould have no occaſion to coyet or uſurp another mans. He. togk no pleaſure to hear all kind
in tillage. of matters, nor to read all ſort of Books of Philoſophy : but thoſe onely that would teach himmoſt
__ to become yertuous. Neither did he much care to read, Homers Works , ſaving thoſe places onely
* cm that ſtirred up mens hearts moſt unto valiantneſs, But of all other Stories , he ſpecially delighted to
read Evange- read Evangelus Books , which treated of the diſcipline of Wars, how to ſer Battels , and decla-
lus Books of red the a&s and jefts of Alexander the Great, ſaying, that men ſhould ever bring words unto deeds,
js Diſcipline 1y1leſs they would take them for vain ſtories, and things ſpoken , but not to profit by. For in
« vo. os Books of the feats of War , and how Battels ſhould be oxdereg , be was not onely contented
to
EE eee ee.
CC CLOT—E— res oo a A
- ks my as ao .co >
— ——
PHILOPOVEMEN:. 107
— — —
D—
to ſee them drawn and fer out in Charts and Maps , but would alſo put them in execution , in the pia-
ces themſelves as they were ſet out. And theretore when the Army marched in order of Battell in
the Field , he would conſider and ſtudy with himſelf, the ſudden events and reproaches of the Ene-
mies; that might light upon them , when they coming down to the Valley , or going out of a Plain,
were to pals a River or a Ditch , or through ſome ſtraight : alſo when he ſhould ſpread out his Ar-
my , orelſe gather it narrow : and this he did nor onely forecaft by himſelf, but would alſo argue the
ſame with the Captains that were about him. For Philopemen doubtleſs was one of the odd men of
the World , that moſt eſteemed the Diſcipline of War ( and ſometime peradventure more then he
needed) as the moſt large Field and moſt fruitfull Ground , that valiantneſs could be exerciſed in : fo
that he deſpiſed and contemned ail that were no Souldiers , as men good for nothing. When he was
come now to thirty 1ears of age, Clecmenes King of Lactpamon , came one night upon the
ſudden , and gave an aſſault to the Ciry of MEGar1Polts, fo luſtily thathe drave back the Watch
and got into the Market-place, and wan it. Phk;/opemes hearing of it , ran immediately to the reſcue.
Nevertheleſs, though he tought very valiantly , and did like a noble Souldier, yet he could not repulſe p, Hepemen fo
the Enemies , nor drive them out of the City : but by this means he gotthe C irizens leiſure, and lome yed the Meg az.
time to get them out of the Town to ſave themſelves, ſtaying thoſe that followed them : and made politans from
Cleomenes ſtill wait upon him-, ſo that in the end he had much ads to fave bimſelf , being the laſt man C/comenes
and very ſore hurt , and his Horſe alſo ſlain under him, Shortly after , Cleomenes being advertiſed mY _ oy
that the MEGALI1POLITANS were gotten into the City of MEs$1NA , he ſent unto themto ler very a hure,
them underſtand, rhat he was ready to deliver them their City, Lands, and Goods again. But Philo-
pamen ſeeing his Countreymen very glad of theſe news , and that every man prepared to return again
in haſte, he ſtaid them with theſe periwaſions, ſhewing them that Cleomenes device was not to deliver
them their City , but rather to take them together with their City : foreſeeing well enough, that he
could not continue long there, to keep naked walls and empry houſes, and that himſelf in the end
ſhould be compelled to go his way. This perſwaſton ſtaid the MEG aL1POLITANS, but withall it
cave Cleomenes occaſion to burn and pluck down a great part of the City , and carried away a great _.
jum of Money and a great Spoil. Afterwards when King Axrio02us was come to aid the ACHA- iy
IANS againſt Cleomener, and that Cleomenes Kept on the top of the Mountains of SzLLas1A, and aid the Uchai-
kept all the paſſages , and ways unto them out of alt thoſe quarters : King Antigonus ſet his Army ans again(t
in battell hard by him, determining to ſer upon him , and to drive him thence it he-could poſſibly, Clcomenes
Phil-pamen was at that time amongſt the Horſemen with his Citizens , who had the It.LyrIans —_ of Lace-
on che ſide of them , being a great number of Footmen-and excellent good Souldiers , which did ſhut ****
in the tail of all the Arniyy. So they were commanded to ftand ſtill , and to keep their place, untill
ſuch time as they did ſhew thema red Coat of Armes on the top of a Pike , from the other Wing of
the Battel!, where the King himſelf ſtood in perſon. Notwithſtanding this ſtraight commandment ,
the Captains of the ILLYRIAaNS would abide no longer , but went to ſee if they could force the
Lac&ADEMONIANS that Kept on the top of the Mountains. The Acxaians contrariwiſe ,
kept their place and order , as they were commanded. Endidas, Clromenes Brother , perceiving how
their Enemies Footmen were ſevered from their Horſemen ; ſuddenly ſent the lighteſt armed Souldi- Phitopemens
ers and luſtieſt fellows he had in his Bands , to give a Charge upon the It.tyrtaNs behind, to prove f& inthe Bar-
if they could make them turn their faces on them ,- becauſe they had no Horſemen for their guard. = __
This was done, and theſe light armed men did marvetlouſly trouble and diſorder the ILLyr: a ws. vm A
Philopemen perceiving that , and conſidering how theſe light armed men would be eafily broken and
driven back , fince occaſion ſelf enforced them to it : he went to tell the Kings Captains of it, that
led his men of Arms. But when he ſaw he could not make them underſtand it, and that they
made no reckoning of his reaſons, bur rook him of no skill , becauſe he had not yet attained any
credit - or eſtimation to be judged a man that could invent or execute any ſtratagem of War , he
went thither himſelf, and rook his Citizens with him : and at his firſt coming, he ſo troubled theſe
light armed men, that he made them flie, and ſlew a number of them, Moreover, to encourage
the better King A-ntigonus men , and to make them give a luſty Charge upon the Enemies, whileſt
they were thus troubled and aut of order , he left his Horſe and marched on foot up hill and down
hill, in rough and ſtony ways, full of ſprings and quavemires , being heavily armed at all pieces as
a man at Arms, and fighting in this ſort very paintully and uneaſily, he had both his thighs paſt
through with a Dart , having a leather thong on the middeſt of it. And though the blow did py;tpemen
not take much hold of the fleſh, yet was it a ſtrong blow , for it pierced both thighs through and burcio figtr,
through , that the iron was ſeen on the other ſide; Then was he ſo cumbred with this. blow as
if he had been ſhackled with irons on his feet, and knew not what to do : for the leather faſt-
ned in the middeſt of the Dart, did grieve him marvellouſly , when they thought to have pulled
the Dart out of the place where it entred in, ſo as never a man about him durſt fer his hands to ir.
Phil:-pzmen on the other fide , ſeeing the Fight terrible on eirher ſide , and would ſoon be ended :
it ſpiced him to the guts, he would ſo fain have been among them. So art the length he made
ſuch ſtrugling , putting back one thigh , and ſerting forward another , that he knapped the ftaff
of the Dart aſunder , and made them pull out the rwo truncheons , the one 6n this fide, and the
other on the other fide, Then when he ſaw he was at liberty again, he took his Sword in his
hand, and ran through the midſt of them that fought , unto the foremoſt ranks , to meet with
the Enemy : ſo that he gave his men a new courage, and did ſet them on fire with envie , to fpllow
his valiantneſs, After the Battell was won , —_— asked the Mac £DoN1AN Captains,
Dd 2 ro
— ——— RN —- —— <4 2. — - -- -— « — - <<< Ct OS OA p—_—
COEIIIEISY
_—— . =
ETD i mes a
5 » : I
—
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y - 4
w—_—
PHILOPOEMEN;
_ _
pemens $kill of
to prove them ; who moved the Horſe-men to divide themſelves, and give the Charge, before the
ſign that was commanded. They anſwered him , that they were forced to do it againſt their wills,
becauſe a young MEGALIPOLITAN Gentleman gave a Charge with his Company , before the
ſign was given, Then Antigonus laughing , cold them the young Gentleman played the part of a
wiſe and valiant Captain. This exploit , together with Ant;gonm teſtimony, gave great reputation
unto Philopemen, as we wy eaſily imagine. So King Antigonws marvelloully intreated him he would
ſerve with him , and offered hima of men at Arms ,-and great entertainment, if he would
with him, But Philopemen refuſed his offer, and chiefly becauſe he knew his own nature, af
could hardly abide to be commanded by any. Notwithſtanding , becauſe he could not be idle, he took
Sea, and went into CRETA , were he knew there was Wars, onely to continue himſelf in exer-
ciſe thereof, So when he had ſerved a long time with the CET a ns , which were valiant Souldi-
ers, and very expert in all policies and feats of War, and moreover were men of a moderate and
ſpare diet : he returned home again to ACHAIA , with ſo great credit and reputation of every one,
that be was preſently choſen Generall of all the Horſemen, . So when he entred into his charge, he
found many Horſemen very ill borſed , upon little Jades , ſuch as might be gotten cheapeſt , and that
Horſemen of they uſed not ro go themſelves in perſon to the Wars , but did ſend other in their ſtead : and to be
the Achaiane. ſhort , that they neither had hearts , nor experience of the Wars , and all becauſe the Generals and
Captains of the People of the AGHa 1a Ns that ſerved before him , did take no heed to thoſe mat-
ters, as fearing to offend any , becauſe they had the greateſt authority in their hands , to puniſh or re-
ward whom they thought good. Philopamen fearing none of all theſe things , would leave nopart
of his charge and duty undone, but went himſelf in perſon to all the Cities, to perſwade and encou-
rage the young Gentlemen, to be well horſed , and well armed , that they might win honour in the
Field , be able to defend themſelves , and overthrow their Enemies, And where perſwafion could do
no good, there he would ſet fines upon their heads thar ſo refuſed , and did uſe to muſter them oft, and
did acquaint them with tilting, turnying, and barriers, and one to fight with another , and at ſuch
times and places ſpecially , as he knew there would be multitudes of People to give them the looking
on ; that in ſhort ſpace he made them very forward » proper, and ready Horlemen , whoſe chiefeſ
property is. to keep their order and ranks in the Battell, So as when neceſſity ſerved for the
| whole Company of Horſemen to turn together , half turn, or whole turn , or elſe every man by
himſelf: they were ſo throughly trained in it , that all the whole Troop ſet in Battell ray , did ſeem
as it were to be but one body , they removed ſo together , and withall ſo eaſily , and at all times, and
ſo oft, as they ſhould-turn, on the one fide , or on the other, Now in a great Battell the Ac a1-
ANS had withthe ATOL1AaNs , andthe EL14 Ns , by the River of Larifſus, Demophantns Generali
of the Horſemen of the AToL1ans , came from his Company to fight with Philopemen, who
Horſemen of alſo made towards him , nd gavehim firſt ſuch a blow with his Spear, that he ſtrake him ſtark dead.
When Demophantss fell to the ground , his Souldiers fled by and by upon it. This wan Philopamen
great honour, who gave no place to the youngeſt men in fighting moſt valiantly with his own hands :
3 Nortothe oldeſt men in wiſdom , for the wile leading of his Army. Indeed the firſt man that made
the People of AcHAtA grow »l wth grep S, was Aratws : for before his time AcHaia
was of ſmall reckoning , becauſe the Cities of the ſame ſtood divided between themſelves, and Ara-
4 was the firſt man that made them joyn together , and ſtabliſhed among them an honeſt civill go-
vernment, Whereby it happened, that as we ſee in Brooks and Rivers where any little thing ſtop-
peth and falleth ro the bottom, which the courſe of the water bringeth down the ſtream , there
the reſt that followeth doth .uſe to ſtay, and;go no further : even ſo in the Cities of Greece that
were in hard ſtate , and ſore weakned, by faction one againſt another , the Acya1ans were the firſt
that Rtaid themſelves y and grew in amity one with the other , and afterwards drew on the reſt of the
Cities into league with them , as $990 Neighbours and Confederates. Some by helping and deliver-
ing them from the oppreſſion of Tyrants , and winning other alſo by their peaceable Government
and good concord : they had a meaning inthis wiſe to bring all the Countrey of PxL0pONNESus
into one body and league. Nevertheleſs, while Ararw lived , they depended moſt uponthe ſtrength
and power of the MAcEDoNIaNs : firſt with ſticking unto King Prolomy, and then unto Ani-
gonus, and laſt ro Philip, who ruled in manner all the State of Gxezcs. But when Philopemen came
| togovern, and to be the chiefeſt man, the AcH Ar a ns being ſtrong enough to reſiſt the ſtrongeſt ,
would march then no more under any other bodies Enſign, nor would ſuffer any more ſtrange Gover-
Aratus a; ſofe. nours or Captains over them. -For Aratwus (as it ſeemed ) was ſomewhat roo ſoft and cold forthe
manin Wars. Wars, and therefore the moſt thingshe did, were by gentle intreaties,by intelligences, and by the Kings
friendſhips with whom he was great , as we haveat large declared in his life. But Philopamen being 2
man of execution , hardy and valiant of perſon, and of very good fortune, in the firſt Battell that ever
he made , did marvellouſly increaſe the courage and hearts of the AcHAIANS : becauſe under bis
charge they, ever foiled their Enemies,and always had the upper hand of them. The firſt thing Ph1/c-
paemen began withall at his coming , the manner of ſetting of their Tables, and their faſhion
| he
— —— of arming themſelves: for beforethey carried little light Targets,which becauſe they were thin and nar-
row,did not.cover half their bodies, and uſed Spears far ſhorter then Pikes,by reaſon whereof they were
verylight,and good to skirmiſh and fight afar off ; but whenthey came to joyn Battell , their Enemies
then had great vantage of them. As for the order of their Battels, they knew not what it meant, nor to
caſt Pets Ha into a ſnail or, ring, but onely uſed the ſquare Battell , nor yet gave it any ſuch front
where the Pikes of many ranks might puſh together, and where the Souldiers might ſtand ſo cloſe, es
elr
—” WW LACS w —_— O_— — ww
— _ — -— - A —— —— ———— -
PHILOPOEMEN.
—
309
their Targets ſhould touch one another , as they do in the Squadron of the Battell of the M « CEDQ-
NIANS: by reaſon whereof , they were ſoon broken and overthrown. Philepemes reformed all
this, perſwading them to uſe the Pike and Shield, inſtead of the little Target, Spear, -or Bore-ſtaff,
and to put good Morians or Burganets on their heads, Corlelers on their bodies , and good Taſles
and Greaves to cover their thighs and legs , that they might tight it out mantully , not giving a foor
ground, as light armed men run to-and iro in a Skirmiſh, And thus having perſwaded and taught
f
Dc young men to arm themſelyes throughly , firſt he made them the bolder and more couragious
to fight, as if they bad: been men that could nor have been overcome : then he turned all their vain
ſuperfluous charge , into neceſſary and honeſt expences. Bur he could nor poſlibly bring them alco-
gether from their vain and rich Apparell they had of long time taken up ; the one to exceed another :
nor from their ſumptuous furniture of houſes , as in beds, hangings , curious ſerviceat the Table and
delicate kind of diſhes. But to begin to withdraw this defire m them , which they had to be fine and
delicate in all ſuperfluous and unneceſſary things, and to like of things neceſſary and profitable : he
wiſhed them to look more nearly to their ordinary charge abour themſelves , taking order as well
for their Apparell , as alſo for their Diet , and to ſpare in them, to come honourably armed to the
Field , for defence of their Countrey. Thereupon ,1it you had looked into the Gold-ſmiths Shops,
ye ſhould have ſeen nothing elſe in their hands , bur breaking and battering of Pots of Gold and Sil-
ver, to be caſt and molten down again, and the gilding or Armours and Targets, and filvering of
bits. In the <hew-places for the running of Horles, there was managing and breaking of young
Horſes, and young men exerciſing Arms. Womens hands were alſo tull of Morians and Head-
pieces, whereto they tied goodly brave plumes of Feathers of ſundry colours , and were alſo full
of imbroidered arming Coats and Caſlocks , with curious and very rich Works, The ſight of
which bravery did heave up their hearts , and made them gallant and lively : ſo as envy bred
ſtraight in them who ſhould do beſt ſervice , and no way pare tor the Wars, Indeed , ſump-
tuouineſs and bravery in others ſights, doth ſecretly carry mens minds away , and allure therh
to ſeek after vanities , which makes them tender bodied , and womaniſh perſons, becauſe this ſweet
tickling and inticing of the outward ſenſe , that is delighted therewith , doth ſtraight melt and ſof.
ren the ſtrength and courage of the mind. Bur again, the ſumptuous coſt! beſtowed upon war-
like Furniture, doth incourage and make great a noble heart, Even as Homer ſaid it did Achil-
l:s, when his Mother brought him new Armour and Weapons ſhe had cauſed Ylcan to make for
bim, and layed them at his feet : who ſeeing them, could not tarry, but was ſtraight ſer on fire
with deſire to occupie them, So when Philopzmen had brought the Youth of Acaara to this
cood paſs , to come thus bravely armed and furniſhed into the Field , he began then to exerciſe
them continually in Arms : wherein they did got onely ſhew themſelves obedient tro him , bur
did moreover ſtrive one to excell another , and to do better then their fellowes. For they liked
marvellous well the ordering of the Battell he bad taught them, becauſe that ſtanding ſo cloſe to-
gether as they did, they thought ſurely they could hardly be overthrown. Thus by continuance
of time , being much uſed to wear their Armour , they tound them a great deal eaſier and lighter
then before , beſide the pleaſure they rook to fee their Armour ſo brave, and fo rich; infomuch
as they longed for ſome occaſion to try them ſtraight upon their Enemies. Now the Ac#ar-
ANS at that time were at Wars with e Machanidas , the Tyrant of Lactdamon, who ſought
by all device he could with a great Army, to become chief Lord of all the PELopONNEes7-
ANS, When news was brought that achanidas was come into the Countrey of the MaxrTr-
NEANS, Phil»pemen ſtraight marched towards him with his Army : ſo they mer both not far from
the Ciry of MANTINEA , where by and by they put themlelyes in order of Battell,.. They both
had entertained in pay a great number of ſtrangers to ſerve them , beſides the whole force of their
Philopamen
turned all cu-
riofity and
dainty fare into
brave and rich
Armour,
Brave Armcur
Incourageth
mens minds
co ſerye nobly
Pkilopemen
made Wars
with Machanj-
das Tyrant of
Lacedamon.
Barrel] foughr
Countrey : and when they came to joyn Battell , Machanidas with his ſtrangers gave ſuch a luſty þerneen Phite..
Charge upon certain Slingers and Archers , being the Forlorn-hope whom P/ ilopem:n had put — 0
before the Battell of the AcHaians to begin the skirmiſh, that he overthrew them, and made Machanidas.
them flie withall, But where he ſhould have gone on directly againſt the Acnara ns that were
ranged in Battell ray, to have proved if he could have broken them, he was very buſie and earneſt
ſill, to follow the chaſe of them that firſt fled, and ſo came hard by the Acrara ns that ſtood
ſtill in their Battell , and kept their Ranks, This great overthrow fortuning at the begmning, many
men thought the AcHaians were but caſt away. But Philopzmen made as though it had been
nothing ; and that he er light by ir ; and ſpying the great fault his Enemies made, following the
Forlorn-hope on the ſpur , whom they had overthrown, and ſtaying fo far from the Battell of
their Footmen , whom they had left naked , and the Field open upon them : he did not maketo-
wards them to ſtay them , nor did ſtrive to ſtop them that they ſhould not follow thoſe that fled,
bur ſuffered them to taketheir courſe. , And when he ſaw that they were gone a good way from their
Foormen , he made his men march upon the LactD&mONIANS, whoſe ſides were naked, ha-
ving no Horſmen to guard them : and ſo did it upon them on the one fide, and ran ſo haſtily
. on them to win one of their Flanks, that he made them flie, and flew withall a great number ot
them. For it is ſaid , there were four thouſand Laczp&amoNnians (lain in the-Field , becauſe
they had no man to lead them, And moreover , they ſay they did,ner look to fight, but ſuppoſed Fhilozzmen o<
rather they had won the Field ,, when they ſaw /Machazid chafing fill thoſe upon the ſpur ,
whom he had overthrown. © After this Philopamen retired to meet eAachanidas, who came back
trom-the chaſe with the ſtrangers. But by chance there was a great broad ditch between them ,
| Dd 3 {fo
vercame AMau-
( bhanidas Army,
Tyrant of the
L icclamontatis
ZIO
PHILOPOEMEN,
— ———— _— ————— ——_—
Philopemen
das,
The onely
name of Phi-
lopemen made
the Beotians
flic for fear.
Nabis Tyrant
of Lacedemon
wan the Ci-
ty of Meſſing.
Nabisflieth
Philopemen.
——— ——
ſo as both of them rode upon the banks ſide of the ſame, a great while togerber, dne againſt ano.
ther of them : the one fide ſeeking ſome convenient place to get over and flie, and the other lade (ee.
king means to keep them from Karting away. So to ſee the one before the other in this ſort, it ap.
peared as they had been wild Beaſts brought to an extremity , to defend themſelves by force , from
ſo fierce a hunter as Philopzmen was. But while they were ſtriving thus , the Tyrants Horſe thar
was luſty and couragious , and felt the force of his Maſters ſpurs pricking in his ſides , that the
bloud followed after , did venture to leap the ditch , coming to the banks fide , ſtood upon tþ
bindmoſt legs , and advanced forward with his foremoſt feer , ro reach to the other ſide. Then $3».
mias and Polyenus , who were about Philopemen when he fought , ran thither Rraight to keep
him in with their boreſtaves that he ſhould not leap the ditch. But Philopemen who was there be.
fore them , perceiving that the Tyrants Horſe, by lifting up his head ſo high, did cover all his Ma.
ſters body : forſook by and by his Horſe , and took his Spear in both his hands, and thruſt atthe
Tyrant with ſo good a will , that he flew him in the ditch. In memory whereof, the Acaatans
flew Machanli- jy. did highly eſteem this valiant aCt of his, and his wiſdom alſo in leading of the Battell , did ſer
up his Image in braſs in the Temple of Apollo in DEL PHOs , in the form he flew the Tyrant,
They ſay , that at the Aſſembly of the common Games called Nemea( which they ſolemnize in ho.
nour of Hercules , not far from the City of AxGOs ) and not long after he had won this Bartel]
of MANTINEA , being made Generall the ſecond time of the Tribe of the Acyaians, and he-
ing at good leiſure alſo by reaſon of the Feaſt , he firſt ſhewed all the Gxec1a ws that were come
thither to ſee the Games and Paſtimes , his Army ranged in order of Battell, and madethem ſee how
eaſily they removed their places every way , as neceſlity and occaſion of Fight required, without
troubling or confounding their Ranks , and that with a ryarvellous force and readigeſs. When he
had done this, he wentinto the Theater to hear the Muſitians play and ſing to their Inſtruments,
who ſhould win the beſt Game, being accompanied with luſty young Gentlemen apparelled in Pur-
ple Cloaks, and in Scarlet Coats and Caſſocks they wore upon their Armour , being all in the flower
of their youth , and well given and diſpoſed : who did greatly honour and reverence their Captain,
and beſides that ſhewed themſelves inwardly of noble hearts, being incouraged by many notable Bat-
rels they had fought,in which they had ever attained the Victory , and gotten the upper hand of
their Enemies. And by chance, as they were entred into the Theater , Pylades the Mulitian,finging
certain Poems of Timethews', called the Perſes, fell into theſe Verſes :
0 Greeks, it us even he, which your proſperity
Hath given to you : and there withall a noble liberty.
When he had ſweetly ſung out aloud theſe noble Verſes, paſlingly well made, the whole Aſſembly
of the GREC1ANs in the Theater , that were gathered thither to ſee the Games, caſt alltheir eyes
ſtraight upon Philopzxmen, and clapped their hands one to another for joy ; becauſe of the great hope
they had in him, that through him they ſhould ſoon recover their ancient reputation : and fo ima-
gined they poſſeſſed already the noble and worthy minds of their Anceſtors, And as young Horſes
that do always look to be ridden by their ordinary Riders , if any ſtranger get upon their backs, do
ſtraight wax ſtrange to be handled , and make great ado : even ſo when the Acfarans came
ro any dangerous Battell, their hearts were even down, if they had any other Generall or Leader
then Phjlopzmen , on whom ſtill they depended and looked. And when they ſaw him, ever the
whole Army rejoyced , and deſired ſtraight to be at it, they had ſuch confidence in his yaliantnels
and good fortune : and truly not without cauſe. For of all men , their Enemies did fear him moſt,
and durſt not ſtand before him : becauſe they were afraid to hear his name onely , as it ſeemed by
their doings. For Philip King of MacEDoN ( imagining that if he ſhould find means todiſpatch
Philopemen out of the way , howſoever it were , the ACHA1Aans would ſtraight take part again
with him ) ſent men ſecretly into the City of AxGos, to kill him by treaſon : howbeit the practice
was diſcovered , and the King ever after was m_ hated of all the Grt c1a ns generally , and '
taken for a- wicked and cowardly Prince, It fortuned one day when the Bozo T1As layed ſiege
to the City of MEGaRa, and thought certainly to have won it at thefirſt aſſault, there roſe a
rumour ſuddenly amongft them , that Philopemen came to aid the City , and was not far from it
with his Army. But it was a falſe report. Notwithſtanding, the Bozo T14 ws were ſo ſcared,
that for fear they left their ſcaling-Ladders behind them , which they had fer againſt the Walls , to
have ſcaled the Town , and fled ſtraight to ſave themſelyes. Another time , when Nabs the Tyrant
of LACEDEAMON , that ſucceeded Machanides, had rakenthe City of Mess1nNA upon a ſudden;
Philopemen being then a private man, and having no charge of Souldiers, went unto Zy/ippus Ge-
nerall of the Ac a1ans that year, to perſwade him that he would ſend preſent aid unto them
of MEsS1NA. Lyſyopw told him, it was too late now to go thither:, and that it was but alot
Town, not to be holpen , conſidering the Enemies were in it already. Phslopemen perceiving be
could not procure him to go , went thither himſelf with the force of Mz $$ 1Na onely , not ſtaying
for the aſſembly of the MEGAL1POLITANS, that were in counſell about it, to give them Com-
miſſion by voyces of the People to take him with them : but they all willingly followed him, as if be
had been their continuall Generall , and the man that by nature was worthieſt of all other ro com-
mand them. Now when he came near unto ME sS1NA, Nab# hearing of his coming , durſt not
tarry him, though he had his Army within the City , bur ſtole out at another Gate, and marched
away in all the haſtehe could, thinking himſelf a happy man if he could ſo ſcape his hands, and re-
tire with ſafety, as indeed he did. And thus was Me ss1nA by his means delivered from A
P HILOPOEMEXN. gu
— —— _—— __
All that we have written hitherto concerning Philopzmen, falleth out doubtleſs to his great ho-
nour and glory : but afterwards he was greatly diſpraiſed tor a-journey he made into CRETA, at Philopwmende.
the requeſt of the GorTYNI1A Ns , who ſent to pray him to be their Caprain, being ſore trou- !ivered the Ci.
bled with: Wars at that time. Becauſe Philopzmen went then to ſerve the GoxTYN1aws , when o " _—
the Tyrant Nabs had greateft Wars with the MEGaL1eOL1TANs intheirown Countrey , they r———_—
laid-it to-his charge , either that hedid-ir to fly the Wars, or elſe that he ſought honour our of ſea- cc4.<mon.
ſon with forrain Nations, when his poor Citizens the MEGALIPOLITANS werein ſuch diftreſs, Fhilopemens
that their Countrey being loſ and deſtroyed, they were driven to keep them within their City , and ſecond journey
to ſow: all their voi4 Grounds and Streets in the ſame with Corn , to ſuſtain them withall , when _ — _
their Enemies were mcamped almoſt hard at their own Gares. And the rather , becauſe himſelf ma- Ws
king Wats with the CRETANS , and ſerving ſtrangers beyond the Sea in the mean time, gave his
Enemies occafion to:{lander him that he fled, that he- would not tarry to-fight for defence of his own
Countrey. Again, there were that ſaid, becauſe the AcHrara ns did chuſe other for their Gene-
rall , that he being a private man and without charge , was the rather contented to be Generall of the
GORrTYNIANS, Who had marvellouſly intreated him to take the charge : for he was a nian thac
could not abide to live idely ,- and that defired ſpecially above all things to ſerve continually in the
Wars, and to put in practiſe his skill and diſcipline in the leading of an Army. The words he
ſpake one day of King Prolomie do witnels as much : for when there were ſome that praiſed King
Ptrolomie highly , ſaying thar he trayned his Army well , and thathe ſtill continued his perion in ex-
erciſe of Armes : It snot commendable for a King (ſaid he ) of his years, to delight in training his
men to exerciſe Armes , but ro do ſome Act himlſelt in perſon. Well, in the end , the MEG a11-
POLITANS took his abſence in ſuch evil part , that they thought it a piece of treaſon, and would
needs have baniſhed him , and put him from the freedom of the City : had not the Acrara ws
ſent their Generall Ar;/exers unto them , who would not ſuffer the ſentence of .baniſhment to paſs
againſt him , although otherwiſe there was ever contention berween them about matters of the
Common-wealth, Afterwards Ph;/opamen perceiving his Countreymen made no more account Philopemen
of him, to ſpite them withall , he made divers ſmall Villages and Cities rebell againſt them , and 72% ©vers 1
taught them to ſay , and to give it out , that they were not their ſubjes, neither paid them tribute ewe :
from the beginning : and he made them ſtand to it openly , and maintain their ſedition againſt the Megalipolitans.
City of MEGAL1POLIS , before the Councill of the AcHa1a ns, Theſethings happened ſhort-
ly after. But whileft he made Wars in CRET a for the GORTYNIaNs , he ſhewed not him-
ſelf a PELOPONNESIAN , Norlike a man born in ARCADIA, to make plain and open Wars :
but he had learned the manner of the CRtTANS, to uſe their own policies, fine devices, and am-
buſhes againſt themſelves, And made them know alſo, that all their crafts were but childiſh ſports as The Cretans
it were , inreſpect of thoſe that were deviſed, and pur in execution, by a wiſe experienced Captain , po men
and skilfull ro fight a Battell, So Phi/opzmen , having won great fame by his ats done in Cr t- fs
TA , returned again'to PELOPONNESUS , Where he found that Philip King of MactDon had .,.
been overcome in Bartel], by T. 2. Flaminims : and that the AcHaians joyning with the Ro- ——
MANS , did make War againſt the Tyrant Nab# , againſt whom he was and Generall immedi- of the Atheni-
ately upon his return, and gave him Bartell by Sea, In the which it ſeemed he fell into like misfor- «ns againlt
tune, as Epaminondas did : the event of this Battell falling out much worſe with him then was looked Nbis.
tor , in reſpect of his former courage and valiantneſs. Bur as for Epaminondu, ſome ſay he returned
willingly out of As14, and the Ifles, without any Exploit done, becauſe he would not have his
Countreymen fleſhed with ſpoil by Sea , as fearing left of valiant Souldiers by Land, they would by
little and little ( as Plato ſaid ) become diffolute Mariners by Sea. But Philopemen contrariwiſe, pre-
ſuming on the kill he had to ſer the Bartell in good order by Land, would needs take upon him to do
the ſame by Sea, But he was taught to his coſt , to know what exerciſe and experience meant, and how
ſtrong it maketh them that are practiſed in things, For he loſt not onely the Battell by Sea, being uN- ph;topemen
Skilſull of that ſervice : but he committed beſides a fouler error. For he cauſed an old Ship to be rig- overcome by
ged, which had been very good of ſervice before, but not occupied in forty years together , and em- Ses-
barqued his Countreymen into the ſame , which were all likely to periſh, becauſe the Ship had divers
leaks, by fault of good calking. This overthrow made his Enemies deſpiſe him utterly , perſwading
themſelves he was Red for altogether, and had given them Sea-room : whereupon they laid ſiege ro
the City of Gy TH1uM. Philopemen being advertiſed thereof, imbarqued his men ſuddenly , and Nabiibeſiegerh
ſer upon his Enemiesere they wiſt it , or had any thought of his coming : and found them ſtragling up *Þe City ©
and down, without Watch or Guard , by reaſon of the ViRory they had lately won. $0 he lan- ©"
ded his men cloſely by night , and went and ſet fire upon his Enemies Camp, and burnt it every whit :
and in this fear and hurly-burly, ſlew a great number of them, Shortly after this ſtealing upon them,
the Tyrant Nabs alſo ſole upon him again unawares , as he was to gothrough a marvellous ill and
angerous Way : which made the Ac#a1awns amazed atthe firſt, thinking it unpoſlible for them
that rhey couldever ſcape that danger , conſidering their enemies kept all the ways thereabouts. But
Philopemen bethinking himſelf, and conſidering the nature and ſituation of the place : after he had
viewed it well, he ſhewed them plainly then , that the chiefeſt point of a good Souldier and man of
War, was to know how to- put an Army in Battell , according to the time and fituation of the
place. For he did but alter the form of his Bartell a little, and forced it according to the firoa-
ton. of the place, wherein he was compaſſed : and by doing this without trouble or buſineſs , he
took awayall fear of danger, and gave a charge upon his Enemies in ſuch fierce wiſe, that in a ſhort
time
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time he put them all to flight. And when he perceived that they did not flie all in Troups together
Philopemen o- towards the City , but ſcattering wiſe , abroad in the Fields in eyery place, he cauſed the Trumper ts
vercame Na- ſqund the Retrait, Then he commanded the chaſe to be followed no further , for that all the Countrey
-4-/ avg of thereabout was full of thick Woods and Groves, very ill for Horſemen : and alſo becauſe there were
——_— '" many Brooks , Valleys and Quavemires , which they ſhould paſs over , he encamped himſelf pre.
ſently , being yet broad day. Ando, fearing leſt his Enemies would in the night time draw unto the
City, one atter another, and by couples : he ſent a great number of ACHAIA NS, and laid them in
ambuſh amongſt the Brooks and Hills near about it , which mace great ſlaughter of Nabs Souldiers,
becauſe they came not all rogether in-Troups , but ſcatteringly one after another as they fled, one here
another there, and ſo fell into their Enemies hands, as Birds into the Fowlers Net. Theſe aRs made
Philopemes ſingularly beloved of the GREc1ANS, and they did him great honour in all their Thea.
Titus Quinti'is ters and common Afffemblics, Whereat T. ,2. Flammixs, of nature very ambitious and covetous of
envieth Philo- our , did much repine, and was envious at the matter , thinking that a Conſull of Rox ſhould
oo have place and honour among the ACHAIANS before a mean Gentleman of Arcadia, And
he imagined he had deſerved better of all GRzEc® , then Philopemen bad : conſidering how by the
onely Proclamation of an Herauld , he had reſtored GRE tc again to her ancient liberty , which
Nabis ſlain before his coming was ſubje& to King Philip, and unto the Ma c £00 nIANs, Afterwards, T. niy.
by the /A£10!i- 15,5 made peace with the Tyrant Nabs, who was ſhortly after very trayteroully ſlain by the & 0.
nel LIANS, Whereupon the City of SeART a grew to a tumult, and Philopamen ftraight taking the
occaſion, went thither with his Army, and handled the matter ſo wiſely, that partly for love, and partly
by force, he wan the City, and joyned ituntothe tribe of the AcHaians, So was he marvellonſly
commended and eſteemed of the AcHa1ans for this notable Victory , to have won their Tribe and
Commonalty ſo famous a City, and ſo great eſtimation. For the City of SparTA was no ſmall in-
creaſe oftheir power , being joyned.as a member of AcHa41a. Moreover he wan by this means the
love and good will of all the honeſt men of La c £DM0N, for the hope they had to find him a Pro-
te&or and defendor of their Liberty. Wherefore, when the Tyrant Nabs houſe and goods were ſold,
as forfeited to the State : they reſolved in their Councellto make him a Preſent of the Money thereof,
. which amounted to the ſum of fixſcore Talents, and ſent Ambaſſadours purpoſely unto him, to offer
Philopemen it him. Then Philopamen ſhewed himſelf plainly to be no counterfeit honeſt man,, but a good man in-
free from co- (eeq, For firſt of all,there was not one of all the La c £D&MONIANS that durſt preſume to offer him
reroulnels. this Money , but every man was afraid to tell him of it : and every body that was appointed to do it,
made ſome excuſe or other for themſelves. Notwithſtanding, in the end they made one 7 imelaus to take
the matter upon him, who was his familiar friend,and alſo his Hoſt, And yer the ſame Timelans when
he came unto MEGAL1POL1S , and was lodged and entertained in Philopamens houſe , did ſo much
reverence him for his wiſe talk and converſation , for his moderate dier, and juſt dealing with all men :
that heſaw there was no likely poſlibility to corrupt him with Money, fo as he durſt not once open
his mouth to ſpeak to him of the Preſent he had brought him, but found ſome other occaſion to excuſe
the cauſe of his coming unto him. And being ſent unto him again the ſecond time, he did evenas much
as at the firſt time, And making a thixd proof, he ventured at the laſt to open the matter unto him, and
rold him the good will the Ciry of Sear TA did bear him, Ph:lopemen became a glad man to hear
it : and when he had heard all he had to ſay to him, he went himſelfunto the City of Spar a. There
Philopemens he declared unto the Councill, that it was not honeſt men and their good friends, they ſhould ſeekto
wiſe counſell win and corrupt with Money , conſidering they might command their vertue upon any occaſion,
to the Lacede- \ithout coſt unto them : but that they ſhould ſeek to bribe naughty men with money, and ſuch as by
monians how "__ 0 "As Bk” :
they ſhould be. ſeditious Orations in Councill did mutiny, and put a whole City in uprore : to theend that having their
tow theirgifs, Mouths ſtopped with'gifts, they ſhould trouble them the lels in the Common-wealth. For,ſaid heit is
more neceſſary to ſtop your Enemies mouths, and to ſow up their lips from liberty of ſpeaking, then
it is to keep your friends from ir. So noble a man was Philopemen againſt all covetouſneſs of Mo-
ney. Shortly after, the LaczpamON1ans beginning to ſtir again , Diophanes (who was then Ge-
nerall of the AcHarans ) being advertiſed of it , began to prepare to puniſh them, The La ct-
DEAMONIANS onthe other fide preparing for the Wars, did ſet all the Countrey of PE10 pox ne-
Sus in Arms, Hereupon Philopemen ſought to pacifie Diophanes anger,declaring unto him, that King
Antiochus , and the ROMAN s , being at wars together at that preſent time, and they both having pu-
ifſant Armies one againſt another in the middeſt of GxEtcEt , it was meet for a good Generall and
wiſe Governour, to have an eye to their doings , to. be carefull of the ſame, and to beware that he did
not trouble or alter any thing within his Countrey at that inſtant, but then rather to diſſemble it,and
Diothenes and 2310 ſeem to hear any fault whatſoever they did. Diophanes would not be perſwaded , but entred
_— , @uintiu . the Territories of Lacxpamon with agreat Army, and T, 9»i»tins Flaminixe with him : and they
Fl4minue do together marched diretly towards the City of SparT A. Philopemen was ſo mad with their doings,
invade Lacede. that he took upon him an enterprize not very lawfall, nor altogether juſt - nevertheleſs his attempt
monid. proceeded of a noble mind and great courage. For he gotinto the City of Sear a, and being but
0 r—_ a private perſon , kept out the Generall of the Acyarians , and the Conſull of the Rowa ns tor
" entring the City:and when he had pacified all troubles and ſeditions in the ſame, he delivered it up agan
as it was before, into the hands of the Commonalty of the AcH a1ans. Nevertheleſs himſelt be-
Philopzmens - ing afterwards Generall of the Ac a1ans, did compell the LaczpzwON1aNs to receive thoſe
crucltyro the home again whom they had baniſhed for certain faults, and did put eighty naturall born Citizens of -
Spartans, SPART a unto death, as Polybixs writeth : or three hundred and fifty, as Arifocrates another _ |
| riographer
PHILOPOEME XN,
———— _—_
313
riographer reciteth, Then he pulled down the Walls of the City , and razed them to the ground,
and took away the moſt part of their Territories ,-and gave them to the MeGAt1v0Ltitans,
All thoſe whom the Tyrants had made free Denizons of Sear a , he compelled them to depart
the Countrey of LacezD&MoN, and forced them to dwellin Ac ata , three thouſand onely ex-
cepted , who would not obey his commandment : all thoſe he ſold for Slaves, and with the Money
he made of them ( to ſpight them the more ) he built a goodly fair walk within. the City of Mz 6 a=
L1POLIS, Yet furthermore , to do the LactDamONIaxs allthe miſchief he could, and as it
were, to tread themunder the feet in their moſt grievous miſery , he did a moſt cruell and unjuſt
a&t toward them, For he compelled them to leave the diſcipline and manner of education of their
Children , which Lycsrg«s bad of old time inſtituted : and made them to: follow the manner the A-
CHAIANS uſed, in lieu of their old grounded Countrey cuſtom , becauſe he ſaw they would never
be humble minded , ſo long as they kept Lycnrgw order and inftiturion, Thus were they driven to
Philopemen
made the Spar-
tans forſake
Lycurgus Laws
puttheir heads in the coller , by the miſerable mithap that befell them : and in all deſpight , to mg
Philopemen in this manner to cut aſunder ( as it were ) the ſinews of their Common-wealth. Bur
afterwards they made ſute ro'the ROMAN $ , that they might be ſuffered to enjoy their ancient diſ-
cipline again, which being granted them, they ſtraight letr the manner of the Ac#aians, and
did fer up again as much as was poſſible ( after ſo great miſery and corruption of their manners)
their old ancient cuſtoms and orders of their Countrey. Now about the time the Wars began in
GREECE between the Romans and King Antiochw , Philopemen was then a private man ,
and without any Authority. He ſeeing that King Antioch lay till in the City of CHartcis, and , . at
did nothing but feaſt and love, and had married a young Maid far unmeet for his years : and per- ——
ceiving that his SYR1aN Souldiers wandred up and down the Towns in great diſorder , playing 2ge at Chalcis,
many lewd parts without guide of Captains , he. was very ſorry he wasnot at that time Generall of
the ACHAIANS, and told the ROMANS, that he envied their ViRtory , having Wars with E-
nemies that were ſo eaſily to be overcome. For ( ſaid he ) if Fortune favoured methat I were Gene= Philopemens
rall of the ACHA1aNs at this preſent, I would have killed them every man in the Cellars and tip. <ounſel againſt
ling Houſes. Now when the ROMaNs had overcome Atiochu , they began to have ſurer foot- the Romans.
ing in GREECE, and to compals in the ACHAIANS on allfides, and ſpecially, by reaſon the
Heads and Governours of the Cities about them did yeeld to the ROMANS, to win their favour.
And now their greatneſs grew in haſte, by the favour of the gods , ſo as they were become the Mo-
narch of the whole World , who brought them now to the end that Fortune had determined. Phi-
lopemen in the mean time did like a good Pilot, reſiſting againft the billows and roughneſs of the
waves, And though for the time he was forced to give place, and to let things paſs , yet for all that
he was againſt the Romans , and did withſtand them in the moſt part of their proceedings, by
ſeeking ever to defend the liberty of thoſe , who by their eloquen#and well-doing carried great Aus
thority among the AcHaians. And when Ariftenetus ME GALIPOLITAN , (a man of great
authority among the ACHAIANS , and one that ever bare great devotion to the Romans ) ſaid
in open Senate among the ACHAIANS , that they ſhould deny the Romans nothing , nor ſhew
themſelves unthankfull to them : Philopamenr hearing what he faid , held his peace a while, and ſuf-
fered him to ſpeak ( though it boyled in his heart , he was ſo angry with him ) and intheend, brea=
king all patience, and as one overcome with choler, he ſaid : 4riſtevetzs, why have you ſuch haſt to
ſee the unfortunate end of GxEE ct ? Another time when Afanius Confſull of Roms ( after he had
conquered King Axtiochxs ) did make requeſt to the Council] of the Acyarians , that ſuch as were
baniſhed from LaczDamON , might return home into their Countrey again, and that Titus Quin-
' tw Flaminixsalſo did earneſtly intreat them : Philopamen was againſt it , not for any hatred he bare
unto the baniſhed men , but becauſe he would have done it by his own mean , and the onely grace
of the AcHAIANS , tothe end they ſhould not be beholding for ſo good a turn, neither unto T irs,
nor yet to the Romans. Afterwards he himſelf , being Generall of the AcyA1ans , did re-
ſtore them wholly to their own again. Thus was _ ſometime a little too bold and quar-
rellous, by reaſon of his great ſtomach : and ſpecially when any man ſought for to have things by
Authority, Laſtly, being threeſcore and ten years of age , he was the eight -rime choſen Generall Philopemen
! of the AcHAt1ans , and hoped well , not onely to paſs the year of his charge in peace and quiet- ny -_
; neſs, bur alſo all the reſt of his life without any ſtir of new Wars, he ſaw the affairs ' of Gxz tc take —_— of the
l ſo good ſucceſs. For like as the force and ſtrength of ſickneſs declineth, as the naturall ftrength of 4chaiane,
d the ſickly body impaireth : ſo through all the Cities and People of GrEEcE, the defire of quarrell and being ſeventy
4 of Wars ſurceaſed , as their power diminiſhed. + Nevertheleſs, in the end of his years government, the Y*** old.
d gods divine ( who juſtly puniſh all inſolent words and deeds ) threw him to the ground, as they ſuffer a
4 Rider unfortunately to take a. fall off his Horſe, being come almoſt to theend of his career. For
y write, that he being in a place on a time amongſt good company, where one was marvelloully praiſed
* for a good Captain , ſaid unto them : Why- Maſters , can ye commend him that was contented to be
pt taken Priſoner alive of his Enemies 2? Shortly alter came news that Dinocrates MESSINIAN (4
wn private Enemy of Philopemens for certain controverſies paſt between them , and a man generally
or hated beſides of all honourable and vertuous men , for his licentious wicked life ) had withdrawn
un the City of MEs$s1nA from the devotion of the Acnarans : and moreover , that he came
Des with an Army to take a*Town called COLo n1DE. Philopamen was at that time in the City of Philopemens
- ARGo8s , fick of an Ague, and yer he hearing theſe news, took his Journey towards MEGAL1P0- _ again{?
in | L1S , making all the' haſtehe could poſlible , tor thathe came above four hundred furlongs that day, "an:
Straight
" 2s 23 PHILOPOEMEXN,
Straight he departed thence towards MEsS1NA , and tarried not , but took with him a Company
of men at Arms of the luſtieſt and wealthieſt MEGALieOL1TANS : who were all young noble
men of the City, and willingly offered themſelves to go with him for the good will they bare him, and
for the deſire they had to follow his valiantneſs. Thus went they on their way towards the City of
Mons Evander. x $51 mA , and marched ſo long , that they came near to the hill of Evander, where they met with
Dimcrates and his company, and gave ſo fierce an onſet on them, that they made them all turn tail :
howbeit in the mean while, there came a relief of five hundred men to Dznocrates , which he had
left to keep the Countrey of Ms 58 1Na, The flying men that were ſcattered here and there, ſeeing
this ſupply , gathered themſelves again together , and ſhewed upon the hills, Philopamen tearing to
be environed , and being deſirous to bring his men ſafe home again ,. who moſt of love had followed
him: began to march away through narrow buſhy places , himſelf being in the rereward, and turned
oftentimes upon his Enemies , and skirmiſhed with them , onely to drive them away from following
of zh reſt of his company, and not a man that durſt once ſet upon him : for they did but cry out aloot,
and wheel as it were about him. Howbeit Ph;/opemen ſundry times venturing tar from his company,
to give theſe young Noblemen leiſure toſave rhemſelves one after another : rook no heed to him-
ſelf that he was alone environed on .every fide with a great number of Enemies, Notwithſtanding,
of all his Enemies there was not a man that durſt come to handftrokes with him , but ſtill Nlinging and
ſhooting at him afar oft, they dravehim in the end amongſt ſtony places between hewn rocks,where
he had much ado to guide his Horſe , although he had ſpurred him that he was all of a gore blood,
And as for his age , that did nut let him bur be might have ſaved himſelf , for he was ſtrong and ly-
ſy by the continuall exerciſe he rook : but by curſed hap his body being weak with ſickneſs, and
Philopemens weary with the long journey he had made that day , he found himſelf very heavy and ill diſpoſed,
misforrone. 14.1 his Horſe ſtumbling with him , threw him to the ground. His fall was very gxeat , and bruſed all
Philopemen his head , that he lay: tor dead in theplacea great while , and never ſtirred nor ipake : ſo that his E-
DD ——
taken. '- nemies thinking behad been dead , came to turn his body to ſtrip him. But when they ſaw him lift
up his head and open his eyes,then many of zhem fell all at ogceupon him and took him, and bound
y both his hands behind him, and did all the villany and miſchief they could unto him, and ſuch, as
one- would little have thought Dinocrates would have uſed in that ſort, or that he could have had ſuch
an ill thought towards him, So they that tarried behind in the City of ME ss 1N4, were maryel-
lous glad when they heard theſe news, and ran all to the Gatesof the City to ſee him brought in,
When they ſaw bim thus ſhamefully bound and pinioned, againſt the Dignity of ſo many Honours as
he had received , and of ſo many Triumphs and Victories as he had paſſed : the moſt part of them
wept for pity, to conſider the miſhap and ill fortune of mans nature , where there is ſo little certainty,
as in manner it is nothing: Then began there ſome courteous ſpeech to run in the mouths of the
People by little and little, that theſdſhould remember the great good he had done them in times paſt,
and theliberty he had reſtored them unto. , whety he expulſed the Tyrant Nabs out of ME $$ 1Na,
But there were —_ ( howbeit very few ) that to pleaſe Dinocrates, ſaid they ſhould hang
him on a gibbet., and put himto death as a<dangerous Enemy , and that would never forgive man
that had once offended him : and the rather, becauſe he would be more terrible to Dinocrates then
ever he was before, if he eſcaped his hands , receiving ſuch open ſhame by him. Nevertheleſs, in
the end they carried him into a certain Dungeon under the ground , called the Treaſury ( which had
neither light nor air at all into it, nor door , nor half-door , but a great ſtone relled on the
mouth of the Dungeon ) and fo they did let him down the fame , and ſtopped the hole again with
the ſtone, and watched it with armed men for ro keep him. , Now when theſe young noble Acra-
IAN Horſemen had fled upon the ſpur a great way from the ;Enemy , they remembred themſelves,
and looked round about for Philopemen : and finding bim not-in fight , they ſuppoſed ſtraight,he had
been (lain, Thereupon they Raid a great while, and called for him by name, and perceiving he an-
{wered not, they began to ſay among themſelves , they were beaſts and cowards to flie in that ſor: :
and how they were diſhonoured for ever ſogghave forſaken their Captain, to ſavethemſelyes, who
had not ſpared his own life to deliver them S: danger: : Hereupon riding on their way , and en-
quiring ſtill for him, they were in the end advertiſed how he was taken. And then they went and car-
ried thoſe news through all the Towns and Cities of AcHa1a, which were very ſorry for. him,
and took it as a ſign of great ill fortune towards them. Whereupon they agreed to ſend Ambaſſa-
dors forthwith to the Mz$s 1NIANs, to demand him': and in the mean tume every man ſhould
prepare to arm themſelves to go thither ,. and get him either by force or love, When the Acna-
tA Ns had thus ſent , Djxocyates feared nothing ſo much , as that delay of time. might ſave Philope-
mens life : wherefore to prevent it , as ſoonas night came, and that the People were at reſt, he ſtraights
eauſed the ſtone to be rolled from the mouth- of the Dungeon , and willed the Hangman to belet
down to Phil:-pemey with a cup of poyſon to offer him , who was commanded alſo not to go from
Phitopemen him , untill he had drunk it. When the Hangmay was come down , he found Philopamen laid on
poyſaned by the ground upon a little Cloak, having no liſt to ſleep. he was ſo grievoully troubled in his mind.
Pnocratei- Who when heſaw light, and the man ſtanding by him , holding a cup in his hand with this poyſon, he
fate upright upon his Couch, howbeit with great pain , he was ſo weak, and taking the cupin his
hand , asked the Hangman if he heard any news of the Horſemen that came with him , ſpecially of
Lycortas. The Hangman made him anſwer, that the moſt of them were ſaved. Then he caſt his hands
alittle over his head, and looking merrily:on him, he ſaid : It is well, ſceing we are not all unfortu-
nate. Therewith ſpeaking no more words, nor making other ado, he drunk up all the poyſon, and
lai
Philopemens
laſt words,
P HILOPOEMEN, =—
_——— —
—
— ——— —
laid him down as before. So nature rovenor muchwidhl, his body being brought ſo low, and ©
thereupon. the.
| we nn ory effect , and rid bim ſtrai ht out of his pain. The news of his Phitop
death-ran greſently AGhana , which qucrally from. high ro: Joy was ; x Eno dn
Whereupon all the AcHarans Youth and Counſellours of their Cities and Towns afſembled them-
ſelves in the Ciry of MEGAL1POL1s , where they all without delay to revenge his death.
They made Lycoytas their Generall ; under whoſe condu& they invaded he — +ra...Foorh with
CO Ons
force and violence , =—- to the fire and ſword : (oas the Mess1n1aNs were ſo feared with A
this mercileſs fury, that yeelded themſelves, and wholly conſented to receive the Acrarans Philopemens
into their Ciry. But Dinocrates would not give them leiſure to execute him by juſtice , for he killed 9eath.
himſelf : and {o did all the reſt make elves away , who gave advice that Philopemen ſhould be Dinocrates ſlew
put to death, Bur thoſe that would have had Philopemen on a gibber , Lyeort as cauled them _—_—
ro be taken , which afterwards were put to death with all kind of rorments. That done , they burnc Philopament
Philopemens body , and did put his aſhes intg a pot, Then they ſtraight deparred from M &s 51NA; funerall;
not in diſorder , one upon anothers neck as every man lifted : but in ſuch an order and ray , that in
the midft of the Funerals , they did raake a Triumph of Victory, For the Souldiers were all crow-
. ned with Garlands of Laurell in token of vitery , notwithſtanding the tears ran down their cheeks
in token of ſorrow , and they led their Enemies Priſoners , ſhackled and chained. The Funerall por
in the which were Philoparmens aſhe, swas {ocovered with Garlands of Flowers , Nolſegays, and La-
ces, that jt could ſcant be ſeen or diſcerned, aad was carried by one Polybius a young man, the Son
of Lycartas, that was General at that time xo the Ac#ara ns - about whom there marched all the
nobleſt and chiefeſt of tft Acrarans,and after them alſo followed all the Souldiers armed , and
their Horſes very well furniſhed. The reſt , they were not ſo ſorrowfull in their countenances , as they
are commonly which have great cauſe of ſorrow : nor yet ſo joyfull , as thoſe that came Conque-
rors from ſo great a YiRtory. Thoſe of the Cities, Towns and Villages in their way as they paſt;
came and preſented themſelves unto them , to touch the Funerall-pot of his aſhes, even as they were
wont to take him by the hand , and to make much of him when he was returned from the Wars :
and did accompany his Convoy unto the Coy of MEGAL1POL1S : at the Gates whereof were old
men , women and children , which truſting themſelvesamongft the Souldiers , did renew the tears,
ſorrows and lamentations , of all the miſerable and unfortunate City : who took it that they had
loſt with their Citizens , the firſt and chiefeſt place of honour among the Acrara ns . So be was
buried very honourably, as appertained unto him : and the other Priſoners of Mzs$1m4 were all
toned to dear, about his Sepulcher. All the other Cities of Ac#a1a, befides many other ho-
nours they did unto him, did ſet up Statues , as liketo him ascould be counterfeited. Afterwards in
the unforrunate time of GxzEc® , when rhe City of CorrNTH was burnt and deſtroyed by the
Romans, there -—& ———enrbores wy ms — ir nes pulled down
ain, by burdening and accyfing Ph;lopemmen ( as ad been yet alive ) that he was always ene- Note the hus
... pt ROMANS and envied much their proſperity and 'ViRtories, Burt after Polybina bad an- manity of the
fwered birn , neicher the Confull Afemmixe, nor his Counſellors, nor Lieutenancs , would ſuffer them Romens, keep-
todeface and take away the honours done in memory of {6 famous 'and worthy a man, although he i"$ *hcir Ene-
had many ways Cour much burt unto Firs > Flewinixe, and unto eHanins. So, theſe good nents from
difference between |
then made a dit Profir :; and did think Honeſty and Profit two di- defacin
fin ings., and ſo one from the other , accordingto reafon and wel Moreover, they as
ar that like as men receive courteſie and goodnefs of any, ſo are they hound to requite
them again with kindneſs and duty. And' 2s men uſe t6/ackyowledge the fame : even ſo oyght men
to bonoer and reverence Vertue. And thus much of the Life of Philopemen,
b The end of the Life of Philopcemen.
T4 [a
in :
+ :
THE LIFE OF
TITUS QUINTIUS FLAMINIUS.
ent. Chrift.
I 96,
r= T is eafie to ſee Tirw Duintine Flaminins form and ſtature., by Philope-
Noll mens Statue of Braſs , to whom we compare him : the which is now ſer up
Mj at ROME, near to great Apollo that was brought from CarTHaGt,
and is placed right againſt the coming into the Shew-place , under which
there is an Inſcription in Greek Letters. Burt for his nature and conditi-
ons , they ſay of him thus : he would quickly be angry, and yet very ready
If to pleaſure men again. For if he did puniſh any man that had angred
him , he would. do it gently , but his anger did not long continue with
S him, He did good al tro many, and ever loved them whom he had once
pleaſured , as if they had done him ſome pleaſure : and was ready todo
for them ſtill whom he found thankfull, becauſe he would ever make them beholden to him, and
thought that as honourable a thing as he could purchaſe to himſelf , becauſe he greatly ſought Ho-
nour above all things ; when any notable ſervice was to be done , he would do it himſelf, and no
man ſhould take it out of his hand, He would ever be rather with them that needed his help , then
with thoſe that could help him , or do him good. For, the firſt he eſteemed as a mean to exerciſe
his Vertue with : the other , he took them as his fellows and followers of Honour with him, He
came to mans ſtate , when the City of Roms had greateſt Wars and trouble : Ar that time all the
Youth of Romz , which were of age to carry Weapon , were ſent to the War to learnto trail
| _ the Pike, and how to become good Captains. Thus was he entred into Marriall affairs , and the
_ "> Ng firſt charge he took, was in the War againſt Hannibal of CakTHAGE, where he was made Co-
War * * lonellof a thouſand Footmen , under Marcelzs the Conſull : who being lain by an ambuſh Har-
nibal had laid for him between the Cities of Banc1a and Venus a, then they did chooſe Titms
Lnintius Flaminius Governour of the Province and City of TarRENTum , which was now taken
again the ſecond time. In this Government of his , he wan the reputation as much of a good and
juſt man , as he did of an expert and skilfull Captain, By reaſon whereof, when the Romans were
Degrees of requeſted to ſend men to inhabit the Cities of NAar N1 A and Cossa , he was appointed the chief
von _ Leader of them , which chiefly gave him heart and courage to aſpire at the firſt ro the Conſulſhip,pal-
Conſul, fing overall other mean Offices, as ro be Zdile, Tribune, or Prztor , by which (as by degrees)
other young men were wont to attain the Conſulſhip. Therefore when the time came that the Con-
ſuls ſhould be elected, he did preſent himſelf among other , accompanied with a great number of
thoſe he had brought with him , to inhabit the two new Towns, who did make earneſt ſuit for him,
But the two Tribunes F«lvius and eFſanlins , ſpake againſt him, and ſaid : It was out of all reaſon,
that ſo young a man ſhould in ſuch manner preaſe to have the Office of the higheſt Dignity ,
againſt the uſe and cuſtom of Rome , before he had paſſed through the inferiour Offices of the
Com-
A =,
p< oy
0 W142 #$ 1 BF TI # PP Ln
wy T. 0. FLAMIN IVS. 27
_ —— — _ _ " "
— ——
Commonwealth, Nevertheleſs, the Senate preferred it wholly to the voices of the People : who
preſently pronounced him Conſull openly, with Sextius e/Zlius , although he was not yet T.2. Flumini-
Thirty years old. Afterwards , e£1:xs and he dividing the O frices of the State by Lot, it fell upon "*- | | i TR6S
Titus Quintius to make War with Philip King of Mactpox. In the which me thinks Fortune Sextius AEUus W- 1 (CES
| ' C onful's.
greatly tavoured the Romans affairs, that made ſuch a man Generall of theſe Wars : for , 7. o 1 niss.
. — Pad
to have appointed a General that by force and violence would have ſought all things at the M ac t- us moketh F
DONIANS hands, that were a People to be won rather by gentleneis and periwaſions, then by War wiih _ lþ
force and compulſion : it was all againſt themſelves. Philzp ro maintain the brunt of a Bartel] a- ©99 $ing <
oainſt the ROMA NS , had Power enough of his own in his Realm of Mac tp0x : but to make
War any long time, to furniſh himſelt with Money and Victualls , to have a place and Cities to re-
tire unto : and laſtly, ro have all other neceffaries for his men and Army, it ſtood him upon to get
the force of Gazzcs. And had not the force of Gazx cx been politickly cut from him, the Wars
againſt him had nor been ended with one Battell, Moreover, Gazzcs ( which never before bare
the ROMANS any great good will) would not have dealt then ſo inwardly in friendſhip with
them , had not their Generall been ( as he was) a gentle Perſon , lowly andtractable, that wan them Tizus conreſie
more by his wiſdom, then by his torce, and could both eloquently utter his mind to them, and %** 'h: _
courteoully alſo hear them ſpeak , that had ro do with him, and chiefly miniſtred juſtice, and e- Ty = CNY
quity to every man alike. For it is not to be thought that Gazscs would otherwiſe ſo ſoon have |
withdrawn themſelves from the rule of thoſe, with whom they were acquainted , and gover-
ned : and have put themſelves under the rule of ftrangers , bur that they ſaw great juſtice and leni- |
ty in them, Howbeir that may more plainly appeaz, by declaring of his As. Titus was infor- Hf
med , that the Generalls before him ſent to the War in MactDoN ( as Swlpitins , and Publius y:
?ulius ) uſed ro come thither about the latter end of the year , and made but cold Wars, and cer- | | Wal /
rain light skirmiſhes , as ſometime in one place , and ſometime in another againſt Philip, and all to + +! 11188
take ſome ſtraight, or to cut off Victualls : which he thought was not his way to follow their [114
example. For they tarrying at home, conſumed the moſt of their Conſulſhipat Rowe , in matters |
of Government , and ſo injoyed the Honour of their Office, Afterwards in the end of their year, q
they would ſer out ro the Wars, of intent to get another year over their heads in their Of- 's
fice, that ſpending one year in their Conſulſhip at home , they might employ the other in the [|
Wars abroad, But Tits not minding to trifle out the half of his Conſulſhip at Ros, and the | \\
|
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other abroad in the Wars : did willingly leave all his Honours and dignities, he might have enjoyed
by his Office at Ro x, and beſought the Senate that they would appoint his Brother Lucixs Quintins
Lieutenant of their Army by Sea. Furthermore, he took with himſelf about three thouſand old Soul-
diers of thoſe that had firſt overthrown Aſdrabal in Seain, and Hannibal atterwards in A- |
FRICK, under the conduc of Scipio, which yet were able to ſerve, and were very willing to go with 7. Cs |
him in his journey , to be the ſtrength of his Army, With this company he paſſed the Seas without a
danger, and landed in E y 1 Rus, where he found Publius Zalirs encamped with his Army betore King Arſur 8. |
Philip,who of long time had lien in Camp about the mouth of the River of Apſus,to keep their ſtraight
and paſſage which is the entry into Eyx1rus. So that Publins Fulins had lain ftill there, and done
nothing, by reaſon of the naturall force and hardnels of the place. Then 7 7r«s took the Army of him,
and ſent him to Rome, Afterwards, himſelf went in Perſon to view and conſider the nature of the
Countrey, which was in this ſort, It is a long valley walled on either ſide with great high Mountains,
as thoſe which ſhut in the valley of Tempein TxzsSALy : howbeit it had no ſuch goodly Woods, fy
nor green Foreſts, nor fair Medows , nor other like places of pleaſure, as the other ide had : bur it The _ __
was a great deep mariſh or quavemire, through the midſt whereof the River called Apſus did run Cane of
being in greatneſs and ſwiftneſs of ſtream, very like to the River of PExtus : the River did Epirus,
occupy all the ground at the feer of the Mountains, ſaving a little way that was cut out of the main |
Rock by mans hand, and a narrow ſtraight path by the waters fide , very unhandſome tor an Army 4
to paſs that way , though they found not a man to keep the paſſage. There were ſome in the Army 'F
that counſelled Titzs to fetch a great compaſs about by the Countrey of DaSSARETIDE , and '
by the Ciry of Ly Ncus , where the Countrey is very plain , and the way marvellous caſte, How- | | My |
beit he ſtood in great fear he ſhould lack Victuals , if he ſtaid far from the Sea ; and happily if he ' : \") BPR
tell into any barren or lean Countrey, ( Ph:lip refuſing the Barttell , and purpoſing to flie) he ſhould F i B$Y
be conſtrained in the end to return again towards the Sea , without doing any thing , as his prede-
ceſſour had done before. Wherefore he determined to croſs the Mountains to fer upon his Enemies, wy
and to prove if he could win the paſſage by force. Now Philip kept the rop of the Mountains with Ty
his Army, and when the ROMans forced to get up the Hills , they were received with Darts, bf
Slings and Shot, thar lighted amongſt them here and there : inſomuch as the skirmiſh was very hor | |
for the time it laſted , and many were (lain and hurt on either fide. Bur this was not the end of the ns.
War : for in the mean time there came certain Neat-heards of the Countrey unto Titzs ( who 4 ne; +: v4
did uſe to keep Beaſts on theſe Mountains ) and told him they could bring him a way which they A 0k '
knew the Enemies kept not : by the which they promiſed to guide his Army fo , that in three daies Wn, tt
ar the furtheſt . they would bring them on the rop of the Mountain. And becauſe they might be Charotus | |
aſſured that their words were true, they ſaid they were ſent to him by Charops , the Son of eHa- ( MHachaia; 8, N&80
chatas. This Charopus was the chiefeſt man of the Ey1koTs who loved the Romans very well, \" ) eh 4 I
h
ata ns. ——-
; > _
OS
P; —_ -*
__ 8” -
- _ | | chict man of |
yet he favoured them but underhand , for fear of Philip. Titxs gave credit unto them , and fo ferit the Xalvoce, +
one of his Captains with them , with Four thouſand Footmen, and Three hundred Horſemen. The
Ee Heard-
A —
*
_ E
-_
=
—_ =
—_— 0g e——_—
> 4-> wok a
T. 0. FLAMINTVUS.
T. © poſleſſed
the ſtraights
of the Moun-
tains,
The Maccdonts
ans flic.
Philip King
of Macedon
flieth,
Titus Quintius
Flaminzius mo-
deſty forbear-
ing ſpoils,
won him ma-
ny friends.
Pyrrus (aying
of the Romans
Army."
Heard-men that were their guides , went before ſtil], faſt bound , and the Romans followed af.
ter. All the day time the Army reſted in thick Woods and marched all night by moon light , which
was then by good hap at the tull. Tr baving ſent theſe men away, reſted all the reſt ot his Cam P:
faving that ſome daics he entertained them with ſome light skirmiſhes to occupy the Enemy withal].
But the ſame day , when his men that fetched a compaſs about , ſhould come unto the top of the
Mountain above the Camp of his Enemies , he brought all his Army out of the Camp |
break of day, and divided them into three Troops ; with the one of them he himſelf went on
that fide of the River where the way is ſtraighteſt, making his bands ro march directly againſt the
fide of the Hill, The MactDoNI1ANS again , they ſhot luſtily at them from the height of the
Hill, and incertain places amongſt the Rocks they came to the Sword, At the ſelf ſame time, the
two other Troops on either hand of him , did their endeavour likewiſe to get up the Hill, and as ir
were envying one another , they climbed up with great courage againſt the ſharp and ſteep hanging
of the Mountain, When the Sun was up, they might ſee afar off as it were, a certain {moke, noc
very bright at the beginning, much like to the Miſts we ſeecommonty riſe from the tops of the Moun.
tains, The Enemies could ice nothing, becauſe it was behind them, and that the top of the Moun-
tain was poſſeſſed with the ſame. The Roma ns , though they were not afured of it, did hope
being in the midſt of the fight, that it was their felJows they looked for, But when they ſaw
it increaſed ſtill more and more, and in ſuch ſort, that it darkned all the Air : chen they did aſſure them-
ſelves it was certainly the token their men did give them that they were come, Then they began
ro cry out, climbing up the Hills with ſuch a luſfty courage , that they Crave their Enemies up the
Hill {till, even unto the very rough and hardeſt places of the Mountain, Their fellows alſo that
were behind the Enemies , did anſwer them with like loud cries from the top of the Mountain : where.
with the Enemies were ſo aftonicd, that they fled preſently upon ir. Notwithſtanding, there was
not ſlain above Two thouſand of them , becauſe the hardneſs and ſtraightneſs of the place did fo
guard them that they could not be chaſed. But the Romans ſpoiled their Camp, took all that
they found in their Tents , took alſo their ſlayes, and wan the paſſage into the Mountains , by the
which they entred the Countrey of Ey1kus : and did paſs through it fo quietly, and with ſo great
abſtinence , that though they were far from their Ships and the Sea, and lacked their ordinary por-
tion of Corn which they were wont to have Monethly, and that Victuals were very ſcant with them
at that time , yet they never took any thing of the Countrey, though they found great ſtore and plen-
ty of all riches in it. For T tx was advertiſed , that Phil:p paſſing by THESS ALy , and flying for
fear , had cauſed the Inhabitants of the Cities to get them to the Mountains, and then to ſet fire on
their Houſes , and to leave thoſe goods they could not carry away , by reaſon of the weight and un-
handſom carriage thereof, to the ſpoil of his Souldiers ; and ſo ( as it ſeemed ) he letr the whole
Countrey to the Conqueſt of the R0Mans, Whereupon Tits looking contiderately to his doings,
gave his men great charge to pals through the Countrey without doing any hurt or miſchief, as the
ſame which their Enemies had now left to them as their own, So they tarried not long to enjoy the
benefit of their orderly and wiſe forbearing of the Countrey. For, ſo ſoon as they were entred
THESSALY , the Cities willingly yeelded themſelves unto them : and the GREC1aNs inhabiting
beyond the Countrey of THERMOPYLES , did marvellouſly defire to ſee Tir , asking no other
thing , but to put themſelves unto his hands, The Aciaians alſo on the other fide, did re-
nounce the League and alliance they had made with Ph:/ip and furthermore did determine in their
Counſell , ro make War with him on the Romans fide. And although the ATOL1ans were at
that time triends and confederates with the ROMA x s , and that they did ſhew themſelves very loving
to take their part in the Wars : neyertheleſs when they deſired the OyunTIA Ns that they would
put their City into their hands, and were offered that it ſhould be kept and defended from Philip : they
would not hearken thereto, bur ſent for T zt4, and pur themſelves and their goods wholly into his Pro-
retion, They ſay , that when King Pyrras firſt ſaw the Romans Army range in order of Battell
from the 80p of a Hill, he ſaid ; This order of the Barbarous People ſetting of their men in Bartell ray,
was not done in a Barbarous manner, And thoſe alſo that never had ſeen Tiras before , and came for
to ſpeak with him : were compelled in a manner to ſay as much, For where they had heard the Ma-
CEDONIA NS ſay, thatthere camea Captain of the Barbarous People that deſtroyed all before him
by force of Arms, and ſubdued whole Countries by violence : they faid to the contrary , that they
found him a man indeed young of years , howbeit gentle, and courteous to look on, and that
ſpakethe Greek tongue excellently well , and was a lover onely of true glory , by reaſon whereof
they returned home marvellous glad, and filled all the Cities and Towns of GREtcE with good will
rowards him : and ſaid , they had ſeen Tir the Captain, that would reſtore them to their ancient
liberty again, Then ir much more appeared, when Phz/ip ſhewed himelf willing to have Peace,
and that T3tas alſo did offer it him , and che friendſhip of the People of ROMs , with theſe condi-
ons, that he would leave the GREC1ANS their whole liberties, and remove his Garriſons out of their
C ities and ſtrong holds : which Philip refuſed to do. And thereupon all GRztcE, and even thoſe
which favoured Philip, ſaid with one voice , that the Romans were not come to make Wars
with them , but rather with the MaczpoNn1ans in favour of the GREcians., Whereupon all
GREECE came in , and offered themſelyes unto Tits without compulſion. And as he paſſed through
the Countrey of BozoT14, without any ſhew at all of Wars , the chiefeſt men of the City of
THEBEts went to meet him : who tnough they took part with the King of Mac EDoN , becaule 0i
a private man called Barchylel:s , yet they would Honour Tits , as thoſe which were contented ro
keep
—_——
=—_
keep League and friendſhip with either fide, Tir embraced them, and ſpake very courteouſly IYK'2
unto them, going on his way ſtill fair and ſoftly , entertaining them ſometime with cne matter, \$N} 2
and ſometitne with another , and keprthem in talk of purpoſe, to the end his Souldiers being wearied, |
with journeying, might in the mean time rake good breath - and ſo marching on by little and. title,
he entered into the Ciry with them, Wherewith the Lords of THzBts were not grealy pleaſed,
|
but yet they durſt not refuſe him , though he had not ar that time any number of Souldiers 1bour | F206
him. When he was within THEBES , he prayed audience and began to perſwade the People 18-1
( as carefully as if he had not had the City already , that they would rather take part with the Ko- WW; 047108
MANS , then with the King of MacEDON. And to further Tir purpoſe , King Artalius be- te! 4111/1
ing by chance at thar time in the Affembly , did help to exhort the ThzBans very earneſtly, that 16!
they would do as Tits perſwaded them, But Arralzis was more earneſt then became a-man of his
years, for the deſire he had ( as was imagined ) to ſhew Tit his eloquence : who did ſo ſtrain and | +0 (1
move himſelf withall, that he {wounded tuddenly in the midſt of his Cration, whereby the rhcum icil al ble
down ſo faſt upon him ; that it took away his ſenſes , ſo as he fell in a Trance before them al}, and King Attaly.; E: l
few daies after was conveyed again by Sea into AS1A , where he lived not long after, in the mean dearh, © Wh
time , the BOzOT1ANs camemto the ROMans, and took their part, And Philip having ſent The Bentins Wi
Ambaſſadours to RoMe, Tits alſo ſent thither of his men to folicite for him, in two reſpe&s. The pong the "_
one if the Wars continued againſt Phzl:p , that then they would prolong his time there, The other pom ag
if the Senate did grant him Peace : that they would do him the Honour, as to make and conclud cit Atwy,
with Philip. For Tits of his own nature being very ambitious, did fear leaſt they would (end a At
ſucceſſour to continue thoſe Wars, who ſhould take the glory from him, and make an end of them. 381%;
But his friends made ſuch earneſt ſure for him, that neither King Phzlip attained that he prayed : nei-
ther was there ſent any other Generall in Tits place, bur he ſtill continued his charge in theſe Wars,
Wherefore , ſo ſoon as he had received his Committion and Authority from the Senate , he went : | l
ſtraight towards THESS A Ly , with great hope to overcome Philzp. For he had in his Army above |
Six and twenty thouſand fighting men, whereof the A:TOL1AN s made Six thouſand Footmen , 17" | | 08
and Three thouſand Horſemen, King Phzlips Army on the other ſide was no leſs in number , and | fl MN
they began to march one towards the other , until} at the length they both drew near the City King Phitzp -- | I
of ScoTusa, where they determined to try the Bartell , fo neither they nor their men were afraid 29d £*i-rHus | 1
to ſee themſelves one ſo near another : but rather co the contrary , the Ro#ans on the one ſide ,j,*" m—_ "Þ 448
rook greater heart and courage unto them , deſiring to fight ; as thinking with themſelyes whart _ —_ &
great Honour they ſhould win to overcome the MacEpoNIAaNs , who were ſo highly eſteemed * * |
tor their valiantneſs , by reaſon of the famous Acts that Alexander the Great did by them. And the
MAcEDONIANS ontheother fide alſo , taking the Rowan s for other manner of Souldiers then |
the PERSIANS, began to have good hope it they might win the Field, fo make King Philip |
more famous in the world , then ever was Alexander his Father. Titus then calling his men toge- |
ther, ſpake and exhorted them to ſtand to it like men , and to ſhew themſelves valiant Souldiers in
this Battell , as thoſe which were to ſhew the proof of their valiantneſs in the heart of Grzzcs,
the goodlieſt Theatre of the world , and againſt their Enemies of moſt Noble tame. Philip then by
chance , or iorced to it by the ſpeed he made, ' becauſe they were both ready to joyn, ta get up
unwares upon a charneil Houſe , ( where they had. buried many Bodies , being a lutle Hill raiſed
up above the reſt, and near the trenches of his Camp ) and there began to encourage his Souldi-
ers, as all Generalls do before they give Battell.” Who when he ſaw them all diſcouraged , for they
cook it for an ill ſign that hewas gotten up on'the top of a Grave to {peak unto them, he of a con-
ceir at the matter , did of himſelf defer to give Battell that day. The next morning becaule the
night was very wet by reaſon the South winds had blown , the Clouds were turned. ro a Miſt , and |
filled all the valley with dark groſs thick Air, coming from the Mountains thereabouts , TV;
which covered the Field between both Camps with a Miſt all the morning : by reaſon whereof 'T
the skouts on both ſides that were ſent to diſcover what the Enemies did , in very ſhort time mer þ
together , and one gave charge upon another, in a place they call the Dogs heads, which are
Points of Rocks placed upon little Hills one before another , and very near one unto another, 4
which had been called ſo , becauſe they have had ſome likeneſs of it. !n this Skirmiſh there were i
many changes, as commonly falkth out when they fight in fuch ill favoured ſtony places : for q Wn;
ſometime the Romans fled , and the MactDox1aNns chaſed them : another time the Mac s- % 10
DO NIANS that followed the chaſe, were glad to fly themſelves, and the Romans who fled Ty £14
before, now had them in chaſe.- This change and alteration came by ſending new ſupplies till f Ay
from both Camps, to relieve them that were diftreſſed and driven to fly. Now began the Miſt to I mM
break up , and the Air toclear, ſo that both Generals might fee about them what was done in TV 1$o.3Þ
either Camp : by reaſon whereof both of them drew on their Army to the Field and Battell, So Ph;- LR
lip had the vantage on the right wing of his Army, which was placed on the height of an hanging | W144
Hill, from which they.came ſo amain to ſet upon the Romans , and with ſuch a fury , that the 4 ih
Strongeſt and Valianteſt that could be , had never been able ro abide rhe front of their Bactell, fo TV
cloſely were they joyned together, and their Wall of Pikes was {o ſtrong. Bur on his left wing it was 4b: 11
not ſo, becauſe the ranks of his Battell could not joyn ſo near nor cloſe Target to Target , the place Fe ft Wy
being betwixt the Hills and the Rocks , where the Battell was coming , ſo as they were corapelied by Ml |. RSIIg,
reaſon of the ſtraightneſs and unevenneſs of the ground, to leave it open, and unfurniſhed in ma- 1000 | THIN
ny places. Titzs finding that diſadvantage , went from” the left wing of his Zell which he (a. |
UT
Ee 2 0 fl#-
ae
GE
220 T: 0. FLAMINTVUS.
59 overlaid by the right wing of his Enemies, and going ſuddenly towards the left wing of King phi.
Barell be- j,,, ate þ . ahgoig. A MAcEDONIANS onthat fide , where he ſaw they _ cleſs their
—_ Philip Ranks in the front, nor joyn them together in the midſt of the Battell ( which is the whole
| King of M#- ſtrength and order of the MactDo NIA N fight ) becauſe the Field was up hill and down hill : and
cedon. to fight hand to hand they were ſo peſtered behind, that one thronged and over laid another. For the
ry Bartell of the Ma c£DONIANS hath this property , that ſo long as the order is kept cloſe and joyn-
ds: ed together , it ſeemeth as it were but the Body of a Beaſt of a force inyincible, But alſo after that
nian Bartel. it is once open, and that they are ſundred and not joyned together, it doth not onely loſe the force
and Power of the whole Body, but alſo of every private Souldier that fighteth : partly by reaſon of
the diverſity of the weapons wherewith they fight, and partly for that their whole ſtrength conſiſteth
moſt , in the diſpoſing and joyning together of their ranks and orders, which doth ftay up one ano-
ther , more then doth every private Souldiers ſtrength. So when this left wing of the Mactpo x1.
ANS was broken , and that they ran their way : one part of the ROMANns followed the chaſe ,
and'the other ran to give a charge upon the Flanks of the right wing which fought yet , and they
made great ſlaughter of them, Whereupon they now which before had the vantage, began to ſtag.
Quintius oyer- ger and break , and inthe end ran away as faſt asthe other did, throwing down their weapons : inſo-
came Philips much as there were ſlain of them Eight thouſand in the Field, and Five thouſand taken Priſoners in
Army. their chaſe. And had not the fault been in the &TOLIANS , Philip had not ſaved himſelf by fly.
_— 1% ing as he did. For whileſt the Romans had Wir Enemies in chaſe, the £TOL1ans tarried,
_ che and rifled all King Phzlips Camp, ſo as they left the Romans nothing to ſpoil at their return.
Romans. Whereupon there grew great quarrel and hot words between them, and one with another, Bur
afterwards it angred Tits worſe , challenging the Honour of this ViRtory to themſelves , becauſe
they gave it out through GREECE, that they alone had overthrown PIP in the Barttell,
So that in the Songs and Ballads the Poets made in praiſe of this ViRory, which every Conntrey and
Townf-man had in his mouth, they alwaies put the £TOLIANS before the RomaNs : as in this
that followeth , which was currantly Sung in every place ,
0 Friend which paſſeſt by : bere lie we wretched phears ,
=——dap Withouten Honour of the grave, without ++ cone, rene
King Philip We thirty Thouſand were , which ended have our daies :
In cruel coaſts of Theſſaly, which cauſed our decaies. i
We have been overthrown by th' e/Etolians men of War :
And by the Latin crews likewiſe, whom Titus led from far,
Even out of Italy, to Macedonie Land, X
Us to deſtroy, he ( ( aptain like ) did come with mighty band :
And Philip ſtout , therewhiles for all his proud fierce face,
Is fled, more ſwift then Harts do run, which are purſu'din chaſe.
The Poet was Alc ens that made theſe Verſes for to Sing, who did them in diſgrace of King Philip,
falſly increafing- the number of his men which died in the Battell, onely to ſhame and ſpite him the
more : howbeit he ſpited Titus thereby more xthen Phzlip, becauſe it was Sung in every place,
For Philsp laughed at it, and to encounter him again with the like mock: , he made a Song to counter-
feit his, as atggy PF OUEe. "Op E,
_ This gebbet on this Hill, which paſſers by may mark,
Philips Verſes va fo to hang Alceus up mer" CAGs bark.
vgainlt Alceu pit Titus took it rievoully, who chiefly defired to be Honoured amongſt the Grtc1ans,
by reaſon whereof from that time forwards he dealt in the reft of his matters alone, without ma-
king account of the ATOLIANS : wherewith they were marvellous angry , and ſpecially when he
Privy grudge received an Ambaſſadour from Philip , and gave car unto+ a treaty of Peace which he offered.
berwixr Quin- For then they were ſo netled againſt him, that they gave it out through all Gxzzct, that Tirws had
— ſold Peace unto Philip, when he might altogether have ended the War , and utterly have deſtroy-
i . ed Philips whole Power and Empire , who had firſt brought Gxzzcs into bondage. Theſe ſlan-
derous reports and falſe Tales which the &Tot1ans ſpread thus abroad, did much trouble the
Romans friends and confederates : but Philips ſelf pulled this ſuſpition out of their heads,
| when he came in Perſon to require Peace, and did ſubmit himſelf wholly to the: diſcretion of Ti-
7. Quintius F#sand the Romans, Titus then granted him Peace, and delivered to him .his Realm of Ma-
granced Philip EEDON , and commanded hint he ſhould give over all that he held in Gxzt cz; and beſides, that
Peace. he ſhould pay one Thouſand Talents for tribute , taking from him all his Army by Sea , ſaving onely
Ten Ships : and for aſſurance of this Peace , he took one of his Sons for Hoſtage, whom he ſent to
Rome, Wherein Titus certainly did very well , and wiſely did foreſee the time.to come, For then
Hannibal of CarTHAGE ( the great Enemy of the Romans ) was baniſhed out of his Coun-
Hannibal was trey., and came to King Aztiochns , whom he put in the head , and earneftly-moved, to follow his
nr good Fortune, and the increaſe of his Empire. Whom Hannibalſo-followed with theſe perſwaſions,
Antjoc®® that King Antiochus at length was come to it. - And truſting to. his former good ſucceſs , and nota-
ble Acts , whereby in the Wars before he had attained the ſurname of Great, he began now to a-
ſpire tothe Monarchy of the whole world, and ſought how to find occaſion to make Wars with
the ROMANs. So that if Trrus ( forſeeing that a. far off ) had not wiſely inclined to peace, but
that the Wars of Azr:ochus had fallen out rogether with the Wars of King Philip , and that theſe
two the mightieſt Princes of the world had joyncd together againſt the City of Rows : then it had
4%
T. Q. FLAMINTVUS.
ummuuig
321
been in as great trouble and danger , as ever it was before in the time of their Wars againſt Ha:
nibal. Howbeit, Tirus having bappily thruſt in this Peace between both Wars , he cut off the War
that was preſent ,- before the other that was coming : by which means he took from one of
the Kings his laſt : and from the other his firſt hope. In the mean time the Ten Commiſſioners
that were ſent by the Senate from Roms to T5tws, toaid and aflift him in the order of the affairs
of GREECE, did counſell him to ſer all the reſt of GREECE ar liberty , and onely to keep in their
hands with good Garriſon , the Cities of CHaicipe, of CorinTH, andof DemETRIADE, to
make ſure that by pratiſe they ſhould not enter into league and alliance with Antiochus, Then
the &TOL1ANS (that were the common {landerers of T:txs proceedings ) began openly to make
theſe Cities to rebell, and did ſummon Titus to looſe the Chains of GREtcE : for ſo did King
Philip call theſe three Cities. Then they asked the Grtc1ans in mockery, whether they were
willing now to have heavier Fetters on their Legs then before, being ſomewhat —_ and fairer
then thoſe they had been ſhackled with : and alſo whether they were not greatly beholding to
T it us for taking off the Fetters from the GxEc1ans Legs, and tying them about their necks, 7 5-
tus being marvellouſly troubled and vexed with this, moved the Ten Counſellors ſo earneſtly ,
that he made them grant his requeſt in the end, that thoſe three Cities alſo ſhould be delivered
from Gariſon : becauſe the Gxec1ans thenceforth = no more complain , that his grace
and liberaliry was not throughly performed and accgmpliſhed in every reſpet on them all,
—
Chalcide ,
Corinth ,
Demerriade ,
called by
Philip of Mg=
cedon, the
Chains of
Greecc.
Wherefore when the Feaſt called Iſthmia was conf© there were gathered rogether an infinite mul- Ifmia:
titude of People, come to ſee the ſport of the Games played there : for GRE ect having been long
time troubled with Wars , they ſeeing themſelves now in ſure peace , and in very good hope of full
liberty , looked after no other thing , but delighted onely to ſee Games , and to make merry, Pro-
clamation was then made by ſound of Trumpet in the Aſſembly - that every man ſhould keep fi-
lence! That done, the Herald went torward , and thruſt into the midſt of the multitude, and pro-
claimed out aloud : that the Senate of KoME, and Titus Quintine Flaminins, Conſull of the People
of Rome, ( now that they had overthrown King Philip and the MacEDoNnI1AaNs in Batrell )
did thencetorth diſcharge from all Garriſons, and fer at liberty from all Taxes, ſubſidies, andimpoſiti-
ons for ever, to live after their old ancient Laws, and in full liberty : the CogtnTHIaA NS, the Lo-
CRIANS, thoſe of PyOc1Dz , thoſe of the liles of EuBOta, the Acunians , the Phra 104
TES, the MAGNESIANS , the THESSALIANS,, and the PERROEBEIANS, At the firſt time
of the Proclamation, all the People could not hear the voice of the Herald, and the moſt part
of thoſe that heard him, could not tell dire&ly what he ſaid : for there ran up and down the Shew-
place where the Games were Plaid, a confuſed bruit and rumulr of People, that wondred, and asked
what the matter nieant , ſo as the Herald was driven again to make. the Proclamation. Whereupon
after ſilence made, the Herald putting out his voice far louder then before , did proclaim it in ſuch
audible wiſe , that the whole Aſſembly ,heard him : and thenroſe there ſuch a loud ſhout and cry
of joy through the whole People, that the ſound of it was heard to the Sea. Then all the People
that had taken their. places, and were ſer to ſee the Sword-players play, roſe up all on their feet, let-
ting - the Games, alone, and went together with great joy to ſalute, ro embrace, and to thank Tirms
the recoverer , ProteRor , and Patron ,of all their liberties of Grzzct. Then was feen ( which
is much ſpoken of ) the Power of mens voices :; fox Crows fell down at that preſenetime among ©,,,,
the People , which by chance flew over the Shew-place at that time that they made the Game out-
ſhout.” This came to paſs, by reaſon the air was, broken and cut aſunder with the. ye
flying,
fell down by
the ſound of
and, irength of the voices , ſo as it had not his natuxall Power in it, ro keep up the flying of the 2£9s voices,
Birds ; which were driven of neceſſity to fall to the ground ol flying through 2 void place
where they lacked air. Unleſs we will rather fay, that it was the violence of the ery, which
ſrook the Birds pailing through the air, as they had been hic with Arrows, and ſo made
them fall down dead to the Earth. 1t may bealſo, that there was ſome hurling wind in. che air, as
we do ſee ſometime in the Sea, when it riſeth high and many times turneth about the waves, by wio-
lence of che ſtorm, So it is, that if Tits bad not prevented the whole multitude of People which came
to.ſce bim, and that he had not got him away betimes , before the Games were ended : he had hard-
ly eſcaped from being ſtifled amongſt them, the People came ſo thick about him from every place:
But alter that they were weary of crying and Singing 'about his Pavilion untill night , in the end
they-went their way : and as they, went , if they met any of their kin, Friends or Citizens , they did
kils and embrace one another for joy , and ſo ſupped and made merry together. In their more
rejoycing yet, as we may think full well, they had no other talk at the, Table ; but of the Wars
of GREECE, diſcourſing among them what ſundry great Wars they had made, what they had en-
dured heretofore , and all ro defend and. recover their liberry. And yet for all that , they could never
ſo joyfully, nor moxe aſſuredly obtain it , then they did even at that preſent, receiving the Honour-
ableſt reward, and that which deſerved greateſt fame through the world : that by the valiantneſs
of ſtrangers who fought. for the ſame ( without any ſpilr bloud of their own in compariſon , or
that they loſt the Life of any one man , whoſe death they had cauſe to lament ) they were fo reſto-
red to their ancient freedom and liberty. .It is a very rare thing amongſt men, to find a man ve-
ry valiant, and Wiſe withall :'but yer of all forts of valiant men, it is harder to find a juſt man, For
Ageſilazs, Lyſandt#\Nitias, Alcibiades, and all other the famous Captains of former times, had
very good skill to lead an Army, and-to. win the Battell, as well by Sea as by Land : but to turn
their Victories to any Honourable benefit, or true Honoup among men, they could never $kill of -
X Ee 3 An
T. 0. FLAMINTVUS.
uintius care
to ſtabliſh the
liberty of the
Grecians.
The Feaſt of
Nemea kepr
at- Argos.
8
y
Lycurgus the
Oraror, reſcu=
ed Zenocrates
the Philoſo-
pher, and
ſaved him
from Priſon.
And if youdo except the Battell againſt the Barbarous People , in the plain of Maxatnon, the
Battell of SaLamina, the journey of PLaTAEts, the Battell of THexmOPYLEs, the Battell
Cimon fought about Cy yRus , and upon the River of Eurymedon : all the other Wars and Battells
of GREECE that were made, fell out againſt themſelves, and did ever bring them into bondage :
and all the tokens of Triumph which ever wereſert up for the ſame , was to their ſhame and loſs. So
that-in the end, Grzzcs was utterly deſtroyed and overthrown , and that chiefly through the
wickedneſs and ſelf-will of her Governours' and Captains of the Cities, one envying anothers
doing. Where a ſtrange Nation , the which ( as it ſhould ſeem ) had very ſmall occaftonto move
them to do it , (for that they had no great familiarity with ancient Grzzcs , and through
the counſel] and wiſdom of the which, *it ſheuld ſeem very ſtrange that Gzzzc# could
receive any benefit ) have notwithſtanding with dangerons Bartells and infinite troubles , delivered
it fromoppreſſion and ſervitude of violent Lords and Tyrants, This and- ſuch like tatk , did at that
time occupy the GRECIANS heads : and moreover, the deeds following did anſwer and perform
the words of the Proclamation, For at one ſelf time, T5rz ſent Lentulus into As14, to ſet the
BARGILIANS at. liberty, and Tits: into' ThRAcIa, to remove the Gariſons our of the
Iſles and Cities which Philip had kept there : and Publius 7ul54 was ſent alſo into As14 , unto King
Antiochus , to ſpeak unto him to fer the GREC1AN s at liberty which he kepr in ſubjeRtion. And
as for Titus, he went himſelf unto the City of CHaLrcipe, where he took Sea, and went into
the Province of MAGNESIA, out of the which he took all the Gariſons of the Cities, and re-
delivered rhe* Government of the Common-wealth unto the Citizens of the ſame. Afterwards
when time came that the Feaſt of Nemea was celebrated in the City of AxGoOs in the-Honour of
Hercules , Titus was choſen Judge and ReCtor of the Games that were plaid there : where, after
he bad ſet all things in very good order, pertaining unto the ſolemnity of the Feaft, he cauſed again
ſolemn Proclamation to be made openly , for the Generall liberty of all Grxzzcs, Further-
more viſiting the Cities , he did ftabliſh very good Laws, reformed juſtice , and did ſer the Inhabi-
rants and Citizens of every one of them in good peace, amity and concord one with another : and
did call home alſo all thoſe that were out-laws and bariſhed men , and pacified all old quarrels and
diflentions among them, The which did no lefs pleaſe and content him, that by perſwaſions he
could bring the GxEc1ANs to be reconciled one with the other , then if he had by force of Arms
overcame the Mac EDONIANS. Inſomuch,' as the recovery of the Liberty which 7irs had re-
ſtored unto the GREcIANS , ſeemed unto them the leaſt part of the goodneſs they had received
at his hands, They ſay that Lycxrg the Orator ſeeing the ColleRors of Taxes, carry Zenocrates
the Philoſopher one day to Priton , for lack of payment of a certain impoſition, which the ſtran-
gers inhabiting within the City of ATHENS were to pay : he reſcued him from them by force,
and moreover proſecuted Law fo hard againſt them , that he made them pay a fine for the injury
they had done*unto ſo worthy a Perſon : And they tell, that the ſame Philoſopher afterwards
meeting Lycurgw Children in the City, faid unto them : 1 do well requite your Fathers good turn
he did me :"'For I am the cauſe that he is praiſed and commended of every man , for the kindneſs
he ſhewed on my behalf. So the good deeds of the Romans, and of Titus Quintins Flami-
is unto-the GRECIANS , did not onely reap this benefit unto them, in recompence that they
were praiſed and honoured of all the world : but they were cauſe alſo of increaſing their Domi-
nions and Empire over all Nations, and that the world afterwards had great affiance and truſt in
them, and that moſt juſtly. So that the People and Cities did not onely receive the Captains and
Governours theRoma Ns ſent them : 'bur they alſo went to ROME unto them, and procured them
to come , and did put themſelves into their hands. And not onely the Cities and commonalties , but
Kings and Princes alſo which were oppreſſed by other (more mighty then themſelves) had no other re-
fuge, but to put themſelves under their ProteCtion : by reaſon whereof in a very ſhort time ( with
the favour and help of the gods, as I am perſwaded ) all the world came to ſubmit themſelves to their
.obedience , and under the ProteRion of their Empire. Tit alſo did glory more that he had reſtored
Gzzxcx againunto liberty, then in any other ſervice or exploit he had ever done, For when he offer-
ed up unto the Temple of Apollo in the City of DEL emos , the Target of Silyer with his own Shield,
he made theſe Verſes to be graven upon them, in effect as followeth :
O Noble twins Tynaarides Dan Jove his Children dear, |
Throw out loud ſhouts of joy and mirth , rejoyce and make good cheer.
O Noble Kings of Spartan ſoyl , which take delight to ride
Your trampling Steeds, with fomy bit, and trappings by their ſide :
Rejoyce you now”, for Titus be, the valiant Roman Knight,
Theſe gifts ſo great to you bath got, evenby bu fore and might :
That baving taken clean avway from off the Gretkiſh necks,
The heavy yoke of ſervitude, which held them thrall to checks,
Unto their former liberty be hath reſtor'd them free ,
Which altogether periſht was , as men might plainly ſee,
He gave a Crown of maſlie Gold unto Apollo, upon the which he made this inſcription to be written :
A valiant Roman Knight , even Titus by bis Name,
A Captain worthy by deſert of high renown and fame : T
Pl
T. 0. FLAMINIVUS.
To thee ( Apollo god ) this Crown of pure fine Gold
Hath given , thy godhead to adorn with Fewels manifold :
Therefore let it thee pleaſe ( Apollo god of grace )
With favour to requite this love to him and to hu race :
That bis renowned fame and Vertue may be ſpred,
And blazed through the world ſo wide , to ſhew what Life he led.
So hath the City of Corx1NTH enjoyed this good hap, that the Grzc1aNns have been twice
proclaimed to be ſet at liberty : the firſt rime by Tirus Quintizs Flaminizs, and the ſecond time by
Nero in our time , and at the ſelf ſame inſtant when they ſolemnly kept the Feaſt called iſthmia, ,,,,, ,:; «
Howbeit the firſt Proclamation of their liberty (.as we have told you before ) was done by the Ggreccc ar on
voice of an Herald ; and the ſecond time it was done by Nero himſelt, who proclaimed it in an Ora- liberry.
tion he made unto the People in open Affembly, in the Market-place of the City of Corrnta,
But it wasa longtime after, Furthermore, Te began then a goodly and juſt War againſt I abs
the curſed and wicked Tyrant of LaczDamon. Howbeit in the end he deceived the expe&a-
tion of Gazzcs : for when he might have taken him, he would not do it, but made peace with Why Quintin?
him, forſaking poor SPART 4 , unworthily oppreſſed under the yoke of bondage : either becauſe made peace
he was afraid that if the War held on, there ſhould come a ca cb unto him from Rows, With Nabis
that ſhould carry the glory away to end the ſame, or elſe he ſtood jealous and envious of the Ho- OO _
nour they did unto Philopemen : who having ſhewed himſelf in every place,as excellent a Cap- The Honour of
rain as ever came in Gxzzcz » and having done notable acts and famous ſervice, both of great Philopemen.
wiſdom , and alſo of valiantneſs , and ſpecially in the Acuaians War : he was as much Ho-
noured and reverenced of the Acxarans in the Theatre and common Aſſemblies , even as Ti-
tus was, Whereat Titzs was marvellouſly offended , for he thought it unreaſonable that an Axr-
cavian Who had never been Generall of an Army , but in ſmall little Wars againſt his neigh-
bours, ſhould be as much eſteemed and Honoured as a Conſull of Rog , that was come to make Wars
tor the recovery of the liberty of Gzzzcz. But Titws alledged reaſonable excuſe for his doings,
ſaying , thathe ſaw very well he could not deſtroy this Tyrant bs, without the great loſs and
nuſery of the other Spaxrans. Furthermore of all the Honours the Acxartans ever did him
( which was very great ) me thinks there was none that came near any recompence of his Ho-
nourable and well deſerving , but one onely Preſent they offered him, and which he above all the
reſt moſt eſteemed : and this it was. During the ſecond Wars of Arzicx , which the Ro-
MANS had againſt Hannibal , raany Romans were taken Priſoners in ſundry Battells they
loſt, and being ſold here and there, remained ſlaves in many Countries : and amongſt other , there
were diſperſed in Gzz x cs tothe number of Twelve hundred , which from time to time did move
men with ſpite and compaſſion towards them that ſaw them in ſo miſerable change and ftate Twelve hui.
of Fortune. But then much more was their miſery to be pitied , when theſe captives found in the dred Roman?
Romans Army, ſome of them their Sons , other. their Brethren, and the reſt their fellows and ſold for flares,
friends, free and conquerours, and themſelves flaves and bondmen. It grieved T:rzs much to
ſee theſe poor men in ſuch - miſerable captivity, notwithſtanding he would not take them by
force from thoſe that had them. Whereupon the Acaarans redeemed and bought them for The 4chaiin:
Five hundred Pence a man, and having gathered them together into a Troop , they preſented all redeemed the
the ROMaN captives unto Tits, Even as he was ready to take Ship to return into ITALY : which Romans that
preſent made him return home with greater joy and contentation, having received for his No- ene for
ble deed ſo Honourable a recompence, and worthy of himſelf, that was ſo loving a man to his —_
Citizens and Countrey, And ſurely , that onely was the Crnament ( in my opinion ) that did moſt The Ceremo-
beautifie his Triumph. For theſe poor redeemed captives did that, which the ſlaves are wont to ny of flaves
do on that day when they be ſet at liberty : to wit they ſhave their heads, and do wear little n—_—
Hats upon them. The Romans that were thus redeemed , did in like manner : and fo followed ora
Titus Chariot, on the day of his Triumph and entry made into Rows in the Triumphing manner.
It was a goodly fight alſo, to ſee the ſpoils of the Enemies , which were carryed inthe ſhew of this
Triumph : as ſtore of Helmets after the Gazc1 ans faſhion, heaps of Targets , Shields, and
Pikes after the Ma czvoxtax manner , with a wonderfull ſum of Gold and Silver. For 1ranus
the Hiſtorio rapher writeth, that there was brought a marvellous great Maſs of Treaſure in nig-
gots of Gold , of Three thouſand Seven hundred and Thirteen Pound weight ; and of Silver, of
torty three Thouſand two Hundred Threeſcore and Ten Pound weight, and of Gold ready coyned
in pieces called ?h/ips , Fourteen thouſand Five hundred and Fourteen , beſides the Thouſand Ta-
lents King Philip ſhould pay for a ranſom : the which ſum, - the Romans afterwards forgave
him , chiefly at Tirws ſure and interceſſion, who procured that grace for him , and cauſed him to be
called afriend and confederate of the People of ROME , and his Son Demetrius to be ſent unto him
again , who- remained before as an Hoſtage of ROME. Shortly after. King eAntiochys went out of
ASIA into Gazzcs with a great fleet of +hips , and a very puiffant Army , to ſtir up the Cities to Manius Acilius
forſake their League and alliance with the ROMANs, and make a difſention among them. To fur- Cenfull, and
ther this his deſire and enterpriſe, the &To011aN5s did aid and back him, which of long time had :; J—_
born great and ſecret malice againſt the ROMANS , and deſired much to have had Wars with {.,; iow *
them. So they taught King Antiochus to lay , that the War which he took in hand, was to ſet the Greece,
Gricrans at liberty; whereof they had no need.,. becaule they did already enjoy their liberty :
but tor that they had no juſt” cauſe ro make War, they taught him to cloke it the honeſteſt A
Q
»
| DO FLAMINIUS
he could. Wherefore the Romans fearing greatly the riſing of the People, and the rumour of
the Power of this great King , they ſent thither e Manins Acilius their General, and Titus , one of
his Lieutenants for the GREc1ans ſakes. Which arrival did more affure them that already bare
good will tothe Romans, after they had once ſeen Marius and Titus : and the reſt that began
ro fy out, and to ſhrink from them , thoſe Titus kept in obedience from ſtarting , remembring
them. of the friendſhip and good will they had born him , even like a good skilfull Phyſirian thac
could give his Patient Phyſick to perſerve him from a contagious diſeaſe. Indeed there were
ſome { but few of them ) that left him, which were won and corrupted before by the ATOLIANS:;
and though he had juſt cauſe of offence towards them , yet he ſaved them after the Battell. For
Antiochus King Antrochus being overcome in the Countrey of THERMOPY-LES, fled his way, and ingrear
overthrown in haſt took the Sea to return into A$1a. Andthe Conſull Aanwms following his Vietory , entred into
Thermopyles, the Countrey of the A:TOLIANS, where he took certain Towns by force, and left the other for
by Manius the . prey unto King Philip. So Philip King of MactDonN on the one fide , ſpoiled and ſacked the
Conlull. DoxtOrians, the MAGNESIANS , the ATHAMIANS, and the APERANTINES : and the
Conſull Manixs on the other fide, deſtroyed the City of HERAacLEa , andlaid fiege to the City of
NauracTum, which the ZTOL1aNs kept, But Tits taking compaſſion of them to ſee the
poor People of GREECE thus ſpoiled and turned out of all : went out of P:x10yONNEsvs
( where he was then ) unto Manins eAcilins Camp, and there reproved him for ſuffering King Philip
co uſurp the benefit and reward of his Honourable Victory , ſtill conquering many People, Kings
and Countries , whileſt he continued ſiege before a City , and onely tro wreak his anger upon them,
Afterwards, when they that were beſieged ſaw 7itxs from their Walls, they called hum by his Name,
and held up their hands unto him, praying him he would take pity upon them : bur he gave them
never a word at that time, and turning his back unto them, he tell a weeping. Afterwards he ſpake
Ouintins in= with ans , and appeaſing his anger , got him to grant the A.TOLIANS truce for certain days,
rreateth for jn which time they might ſend Ambaſſadours to ROME, to {ee if they could obrain grace and pardon
the tolian. OF the Senate, But the moſt trouble and difficulty he had , was to intreat for the Cy arcivians,
_— with whom the Conſull Marius was more grievoully offended , then with all the reſt : becauſe
Cleoptolemus that King Antiochus after the War was begun, had married his Wifein their City ,when he was paſt
Daughter in years of marriage , and out of all due time. For he wasnow very old, and being in his extream
the City of age and in the midſt of his Wars, he fell in dotage with a young Gentlewoman, the Daughter of
Chdkide, Cleoptolemug , the faireſt woman that wasat that time in all GRz: ce, Therefore the CHaici-
ANS were much affeed unto King eAntiochus', and did put their City into his hands, to ſerve him
in this War , for a ſtrong and fate retiring place. Whereupon , when Antiochus had loſt the Bat-
tell , he camethither with all poſſible ſpeed., and taking from thence with him his paſling fair young
Queen which he had married, and his Gold, his Silver and Friends, he took the Seas inconti-
nently , and returned into As1a, For this cauſe the-Conſull Aſanius having won the Bartell,
did march ftraight with his Army towards the City -of CHarcips in a great rage and fury, Bur
Titus that followed him, did alwaies lie upon kim to pacifie his anger , and did ſo much intreat him,
together with the other ROMaNs of ſtate and Authority in Counſell : that in the end, he gor
him to pardon them of CHarcipt allo, Who becauſe they were preſerved from perill by his
means , they to recompence this Fact of his, did conſecrate unto him, all their moſt ſtately and
ſumptuous Buildings and common Works in their City, as appeareth yet by the ſuperſcriptions re-
maining to be ſeen at this day. As in the Shew-place of exerciſes : the People of CH a ici did
Honour done dedicate this Shew-place of exerciſes, unto Titus and Hercules.: And in the Temple called Delphi-
unto T. Quin- nium : the People of CHALCIDE did conſecrate this Temple unto T'irxs , and unto Apollo. And
_ Zius for laving , fyrthermore , unto this preſent time, there is a Prieſt choſen by the voice of the People, purpoſely to
p45 4 REY do Sacrifice unto Tiras : in which Sacrifice after that the thing Sacrificed is offered up , and Wine
—_— poured upon it , the People .ſtanding by , do fing a Song of Triumph made in praiſe of him. Bur
85 becauſe it were too long to write it all out, we have onely drawn in brief the latter end of the ſame :
and this it is ;
The clear unſpotted faith of Romans we adore,
And vow to be their faithfall friends both now and evermore.
Sing out you Muſes nine to Joves eternal fame :
Sing out the Honour due'to Rome , and Titus worthy N ane.
Sing out (I joy) the praiſe of Titus and his faith : \
' By whom you have preſerved been from ruine, dole and death.
Quintius cour- Now the CHALC1D1 ans did not alone Honour and reverence Ts , but he was = Ho-
tefieand good POured alſo by the Gxtcrans ashe deſerved, and was marvellouſly beloved for his courtelie and
nature. good nature-: which argueth plainly that they did not fainedly Honour him , or through compul-
Emulaticn be- ſjon , but even from the Heart. For though there were ſome jar betwixt him and Philopemer at
pom Aga , the firſt about ſervice , for emulation of Honour, and after betwixt him and Diophanes alſo, both
Planes. Generals of the ACHA1aNs, yet he never bare them any malice in his heart, neither did his anger
| move him at any time to hurt them any way, but he ever ended the heat of his words in Counlell
.and Aſſemblies, where he uttered his mind frankly to them both. Therefore none thought him
ever a cruel] wan , or eager of revenge : but many have thought him raſh , and —_ of nature.
Otherwiſe, he was as good a companion in company as poſlible could be , and would ule as pleaſant
wiſe Mirth as any man, As when he ſaid to the Acha1ans, on a time, who would needs —
Juttly
T. 0. FLAMIN IVS.
| — — —
—
—_—_s
325
juſtly uſurp the Iſle of the Za z1NTHI1ANS , to difſwade them from it : My Lords of Acuata
if ye once go out of PELOPONNESus, you put your ſelyes in danger, as the torteyſes do, when
they thruſt their heads out of their ſhels. And the firſt time he parled with Ph:1ip to treat of
Peace : when Philip ſaid unro him , you have brought many men with you, and I am come alone +
Indeed it is true you are alone, faid he, becauſe you made all your friends and kin to be ſlain. A-
nother time , Dzenocrates MESSINIAN being in Rome, after he had taken in his cups in a Feaſt
where he was , he diſguiſed himſelf in Womans apparell , and danced in that manner : and the next
day following he went unto Tas , to pray him to help him through with bis ſute , which was, to
make the City of MESS1NA to rebel], and leave the Tribe of the Acyuarans, Titus made him
anſwer, that he would think upon it : but I can but wonder at you ( ſaid he ) how you can dance
in Womens apparel] , and Sing at a Feaſt, having ſuch matters of weight in your head; In the Coun-
ſell of the Aczaians, King Antiochys Ambaſſadours being come thither , ro move them to break
their League withthe ROMANs , and make their alliance with the King their Maſter, they made
a marvellous large diſcourſe of the great multitude' of Souldiers that were in their Maſters Army,
and did number them þy many divers Names. Whereunto T:t#s 'anſwered, and told how 2 friend
of his having bidden him one night ro Supper , and having ſerved ſo many diſhes of Meat to his
Boord , as he was angry with him tor beſtowing ſo great coſt upon him, as wondering how he could
ſo ſuddenly ger ſo much ſtore of Meat , and of fo divers kinds : my friend (aid to me again , that all
was but Porke dreſſed ſo many waies , and with ſo ſundry Sawces. And even ſo ( quoth Tirvs ) my
Lords of Acxata , eſteem not King Antiochus Army the more , to hear of fo many men of Arms,
numbred with their Lances : and of fuch a number of Footmen with their Pikes : for they are all but
SYRIANS , diverſly Armed , onely with ill favoured little weapons. Furthermore, after Titzs
had done theſe things, and that the War with Antiochxs was ended , he was choſen Cenſor ar
Rome, with the Son of that ſame Afarcelus , who had been five times Conſull. This Office is
of great dignity and as a man may ſay , The Crown of all the Honours that a Citizen of Roe can
have in their Commonwealth. They pur off the Senate, four men onely , but they were nox fa-
mous. They received all into the Number ot C itizens of Rome , that would preſent themſelves to
be enrolled in their common Regiſter : with a proviſo , that they were born free by Father and
Mother. They were compelled to do it-, by Terentius Culeo, Tribune of the People, who to deſpite
the Nobility perſwaded the People of ROME to command it ſo. Now at that time two of the Nobleſt
and moſt famous men of ROM were great Enemies one againſt another : Publixs Scipio AFRICA N,
and Marcus Portius Cato, Of theſe two, Titus named Publixs Scipio AFRICAN, to be Prince of
the Senate , as the chiefeſt and worthieſt Perſon in the City : and got the diſpleaſure of the other,
which was Cato, by this miſhap. Tr had a Brother called Zucius Quintins Flaminins , nothing
at all like him in condition : for he was ſo difſolutely and licentiouſly given to his pleaſure , that he
forgot all comelineſs and honeſty. This Lucius loyed well a young Boy , and carried him alwaies
with him when he went to the Wars, or to the charge and Government of any Province, This Bo
——
Titus Quinti!:s
ſayings,
Antiochus Ar.
bafſ#bours dg
boaſt of their
Kings great
Army,
Titus Quintius
witty anſwer
tothe AmbaCſ-
ſadours brags,
Titns Quinti;
choſen Cenlor
with Marcet-
lus,
P. Scipio, and
M, P. Cato
oy Enemies,
ecret grudge
berwixr Titus
and Cato,
fartering him, one day ſaid unto Lacins Quintins , that he loved him ſo well, that he did leave the *
ſight of the Sword-players at the ſharp , which were making ready to the fight ,' although he had ne-
ver ſeen man killed before, to wait upon him. Zucins being glad of the Boys words , anſwered
bim ſtraight.. Thou ſhalt loſe nothing for that my Boy , for 1 will by and by pleaſe thee as well,
So he commanded a condemned man to be fetched out of Priſon, and withal} called for the Hang-
man, whotn he willed to ſtrike off his head in the midſt of his Supper , that the Boy might fee him
killed. Yalerius Antias the Hiſtoriographer writeth , that it was not for the love of the Boy, but
of a Woman which he loved. But Titus Livins declareth , that in an Oration which Cato himſelf
made , it was written that it was one of the GauLs : who being a traitor to his Countrey-men,
was come to Flaminixs Gate with his Wife and Children , and that F/aminins making him come into
his Hall, killed him with his own hands, to pleaſe a Boy he loved , that was defirous to ſee a man kil-
led. Howbeit , it is very likely that Caro wrote in this ſort , to aggravate the offence, and to make it
more cruel. For , many have written it that it is true, and that he was no traitor , but an offender
condemned to dye, and among other, Cicero the Orator doth recite it in a Book he made of age, where
hemade it to be told unto Cato's own Perſon. Howſoever it was, Marcus Cato being choſen Cen-
for, and cleanſing the Senate of all unworthy Perſons, he put off the ſame Lucins Quintins Flaminins,
alchough he had been Conſull : which diſgrace did ſeem to redound to his Brother Titus Quintins
Flaminius alſo, Whereupon both the Brethren came weeping with all humility betore the People,
and made a Petition that ſeemed very reaſonable and civil ; which was, that they would command
Cato to come before them , to declare the cauſe openly , why he had with ſuch open ſhame defaced
ſo Noble a Houſe as theirs was. Cato then without delay , or ſhrinking back ,. came with his com-
panion into the Market-place , where he asked 7724s our aloud , if he knew nothing of the Supper
where ſuch a Fa& was committed. Titus anſwered , he knew not of it, Then (Cato opened the whole
matter as it was, and inthe end of his Tale, he bad Lucius Quintins wear openly, if he would deny
that he had ſaid was true. Lucins anſwered not a word, Whereupon the People judged the ſhame
was juſtly laid upon him : and ſo to Honour Cate, they did accompany him from the Pulpit for Ora-
tions , home unto his own Houſe, But Titus being much offended at the difgrace of his Brother ,
became Enemy to Cato, and fell in with thoſe that of long time had hated him. And ſo by practiſe
he procured of the Senate, that all bargains of Leaſes and all Deeds of Sales made by Cato du-
ring his Office, were called in , and made void : and cauſed many Suits alſo to be commenced __
im
A crnel deed
of Lucius
Quintlus,
Cato being
Cenſor did
pur Luctus
Quintius F las
minius off the
Senate,
T. Quintjus
unworthy A&t
againſt Cato,
_e - 7.0. FLAMINTVUS.
him, ' Wherein , I cannot ſay he did wiſely or civilly , to become mortall Enemy to an honeſt man,
a good Citizen, and dutifull his Office for his year, for an unworthy kinſman, who had juſtly de-
ſerved the ſhame laid upon him, Notwithſtanding , ſhortly after when the People were Aflem-
bled'in the Theatre to ſee Games played , and the Senators were ſet according to their cuſtom , in
the moſt Honourable places : ZLycime Flaminizs came in alſo, who in lowly and humble manner
- went. to fit down in the Furtheſt Seats of the Theatre , without regard ot his former Honour :
which when the People ſaw , they took pity of him , and could not abide to ſee him thus diſho-
151, reſted ts Nured: So they cried out to bave him come and fit among the other Senators and Conlulls, who
his placeby foade him place , and received him accordingly. But to return again to Titus. The naturall am-
the People: bition and covetous greedy mind he had of Honour , was very well taken and eſteemed, ſo long as
T. Quintius he had any occaſion offered him to exerciſe it in the Wars , which we have ſpoken of before. For,
ambirien; after he had been Conſul , of his own ſeeking he became a Colonel of a Thouſand Footmen, nor
being called to it by any man, So when he began to ſtoop for age, and that he had given over as
a manat the laſt caſt, to bear Office any longer inthe State : they ſaw plainly he was ambitious
| beyond meaſure, to ſuffer himſelf in old age to be overcome with ſuch youthfull violence , being tar
T. OP unmeet for any of his years; For methinks his ambition was the onely cauſe that moved him to
_ -» 'Y 7” procure Hannibals death, which bred him much diſliking and ill opinion with many. | For, after Han-
nibal had fled out of his own Countrey, he went firſt unto King eAntiochus : who, after he loſt the
Battell in PHRYG1A , was glad the ROMaNns granted him Peace , with ſuch conditions as them.
ſelves would, Wherefore Hannibal fled again from him, and after he had long wandred up and
down , at the lengrh he cameto the Realm of BiTHyY N14, and remained there about King Pruſias,
the Romans knowing it well enough : and becauſe Hannibal was then an old broken man , of
Eo no force nor Power, and one whom Fortune had ſpurned at her feet, they made no more reckon-
_ oa ing of him. But Tir being ſent Ambaſſadour by the Senate , unto Pruſias King of BiTHy 1a ,
Ambanacour and finding Hannibal there , it grieved him to ſee him alive, So that notwithſtanding Pruſias mar-
P A 4 . .
"= _ vellouſly intreated him, to take pity upon Znnibal a poor old man , and his friend who came to
Lucius Quin-
thynia. hingfor ſuccour : yer he could not perſwade 7itzs to be content he ſhould live. Fanniballong be-
Hannibal de- fgxe had received anſwer of his death from an Oracle, to this effe ;
ar ty Hou The Land of Libya, ſhall cover under monld,
cerning his | The valiant corps of Hannibal, when he dead and cold.
death. So Hannibal underſtood that of Lisya , as if he ſhould have died in Arzicx, and been buried
Hannibal kept in CaxTHAGE, There is a certain ſandy Countrey in BiTHYNI1A , near to the Seas fide, where
_ in there is a little Village called L1zy s 54, and where Hannibal remained continually. He miſtruſting
" King Pruſias faint heart , and fearing the Roma ns malice alſo, had made ſeven privy Caves and
vaults under ground long before, that he might ſecretly” go* our at either of them which way he
would , and every one of them came to the main vault where himſelf did lie , and could not be
diſcerned outwardly, When it was told him' that Tz had willed Pruſias to deliver him into his
| hands, he ſought then to ſave himſelf by thoſe mines ; but he found that all the vents out , had
__ * Watch and Ward upon them by the Kings commandment. So then he determined to kill himſelf.
ER Now ſome ſay , the he wound a Linnen Towell hard about his neck , and commanded one of his
men he ſhould ſet his knee upon his buttock , and weighing hard upon him, holding the Towell
Midas and faſt, he ſhould pull his neck backward with all the power and ftrength he could, and never leave
Themiſtocles preſſing on him , till he had ſtrangled him, Others ſay thathe drank Bulls bloud , as X5das and T he-
rxar-rlf miſtocles had done before him. But 7irus Livins writeth, that he had Poyſon which he kept for
" "ſucha purpoſe, and tempered ir in a -Cup he held in his hands , and before he drank he ſpake theſe
Hanxibals laſt - words : Come on, let usdeliver the Romans of this great care, fith my life is ſo grievous unto
words. them, that they think it roo-long to tarry the naturall death of a poor old man , whom they hate ſo
: much. : and yer Tits by this ſhall win no honourable Victory , nor worthy the memory of the an-
_— _ cient Romans , who advertiſed King Pyrrus their Enemy , even when he had Wars with them,
"he Srory ae ; and had won Bartels of them , that he ſhould beware of poyſoning which was intended towards
large, 7 ** ' him, And this was Harmibals end, as we find it written, The News whereof being come to ROME
: unto the Senate, many of them thought 7irx too violent and cruell, to have made Hannibal
kill himſelf in that ſort , when extremity of age had overcome him already, and was as a Bird left
' naked, her Feathers falling from her for age : and ſo much. the more, becauſe there was no inftant
occaſion offered him to urge him to doit, ' but a covetous mind of Honour , for that he would be
Chronicled to be the cauſe and Authour of Hannibals death, And then in contrariwiſe they did much
Scipio Africans Honour and commend the clemency and Noble mind of Scipio AFRICAN : who having overcome
clemency com- F{annibal in.Battell, in AxR1cx felf, being then indeed to be feared, and had been never over-
menced. _. come before : yet he did not cauſe him to be driven out of his Countrey , neither did ask him of the
CARTHAGINIANS, butboth then, and before the Battell, when he parlied with him of Peace , he
took Hannibal courteoully by the hand , and after the Battell , in the conditions of Peace he gave
them , henever ſpake word of hurt to Hannibals Perſon , neither did he ſhew any. cruelty to hun
in his miſery, And they tell how afterwards they met again together in the City of ErHesus,
' and as they were walking, that Hannibal took the upper hand of Scipio : and that Scipio bare it pa-
Talk berwixx Fiently , and left not off walking for that, neither ſhewed countenance of miſliking. And in &-
Scipio Africay Iring into diſcourſe of 'many matters, they deſcended in the end to talk of ancient Caprains ; and
and Hannibal. Fannibal gave judgement , that Alexander the Great was the famouſeſt Captain, Pyrrus the ſe-
| | cond,
T. 0. FLAMINTVS. _
cond, and himſelf the third, Then Sczpio ſmiling , gently asked him : What would@ thou fa bats
if I had not overcome thee ? Truly , quoth Hannibal, 1 would not then put my ſelf the third = x - of
but the firſt , and above all the Captains that ever were, So divers greatly commending the Caprains,
oodly 7{ wn ar deeds of Scipio , did marvellouſly miſlike 75t: , for that he had ( as a man may
, ) laid his hands upon the death of another man, Other to the contrary again ſaid, it was well done
of him, ſaying , that Harniballo long as he lived , was a firetothe Empire of the Ro» a NS, which
lacked but one to blow it : and that when he was in his beſt force and = age, it was not his hand nor
body that troubled the Romans ſo much , bur his great wiſdom, and $ki ad inthe Wars, and the
mortall hate be bare in his heart towards the Roa Ns, which neither years, hor age would diminiſh
or take away. For mens naturall conditions do remain ſtill; but Forrune doth not alwaies keep. in a ſtate,
but changeth ſtill , and then quickneth up our defires to ſer willingly-upon thoſe that War againſt us ,
becauſe they hate us in their hearts, The things which fell out afterwards, did greatly prove the reaſons
brought out for this purpoſe , in diſcharge ot Titus. For one Ariſtonicas, Son of the hter of Ariftonicu:;
a plaier upon the Cithern , underxhe fame and glory of £xmenes , whoſe baſtard: he was, filled all |
AS14 with War andrebellion, by. reafon the People roſein his favour. Again Mithridates , after
ſo many loſſes he had received agaihſt Syla and Fimbria, and after ſo many Armies overthrown by Mithridater,
Battell and Wars, and after {o many fanious Captains loft and killed : did yet recover again, and came
to be of Power both by Sea and Land againſt Zuculxs. Truly Hannibal was no lower brought then
Caius Marins had been : fox he hada King to his friend 'that gave entertainment to him and his
family, and made him Admirall of his Ships, and Generall of his Horſemen and Footmen in the Field,
Marius alſo went up and down ArRicx a begging for his living, inſomuch as his Enemies at Ro mx 997%
laughed him to ſcorn : and ſoon after notwithſtanding they fell down at his feet before him, when they
ſaw pf om witpped, murthered, and = __ _ E by his commandment. Thus we ſee no
man can ſay certainly he is mean or great, by reaſon of the uncertai of things to came : conſfideri
there is ys one deck , and change of better Life, Some ſay 6.00 T it#s did not this ryo_on, Tobe
and of his own ——_— , but that he was ſent Ambaſſidour with Lucixs Scipio to no other end : _ - = 1
but to put Hannibal to death , by what means ſoever they could. Furthermore after this Ambaſſade, this Life is
we do not find any notable thing written of T zr«s worthy of memory, neither in Peace. nor in Wars, 29tbing : buc
for hedied quietly of a naturall death at homie in his Countrey, ' PT IEAEY a—_ __ p<:
The end of the Life of T. Q, FLaminius,
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T. Ouintiiis-
benefits unto.
Greece.
Philopemens
milices
Titus Quintius
wiſer then
Philopemen.
Qurntins com-
manded good
Souldiers.
Philopemen
made good
Souldie!s.
: long before been trained, Whereas Philopemen brought into his Countrey, both the one and the other,
THE COMPARISON:OF
-TITVS. QUINTIUS FLAMINTVUS,
=%AY\ —
N= c: SMP W, 7
AI=N f..
WW P -—- «> Wd Ny -
DN
= 7 is time now we c6tne to compate them together. Therefore as touching
gl the grear benefits that came tothe Grtc1ans, neither Philopemen ,
nor all the other former Captains are'to be compared with Titzs. For
all the ancient- Captains almoſt being Gxzc1ans , made Wars with 0-
ther GRECIANS : but Titzs being a ROMAN, and no GRECIAN,
made Wars for the liberty of GxEzcz, When Philopemen was not
able to help his poor Citizens diſtreſſed ſore and vexed with Wars, he
ſailed away into GRETA. Tits having overcome Philip King of Ma-
CEDON in Battell , did reſtore again to liberty all the People and Cities
of the ſame, which were kept before in bondage. And if any will narrow-
, AA. =__
» "A © of ant
- WC = 4
ly examine the Battells of either party, they ſhall find that Philopamer being Generall of the Acu a1-
ANS, made more GRECIANS to be lain, then 77s did of the MactpON1ans , fighting
with them for the liberty of the Gxtcians. And for their imperfections, the one of them was am-
bitious, the other was as obſtinare : the one was quick and ſuddenly angred, the other was very hard
to' be pacified. Tirz left King Phzlip his Realm and Crown after he had overcome him, and uſed great
clemency towards the ATOLIANS : where Philopemen for ſpite and malice, took Towns and Villa-
es from his own native Countrey and City wherein he was born , that had alwaies payed them tri-
bute. Furthermore, T #4 continued a ſound friend to them , to whom he had once profeſſed friend-
ſhip , and done pleaſure unto ; and Philopemen ina gear and anger , was ready to take away that he
had given, and to overthrow the pleaſure and good turn he had ſhewed. For Philopzmen when he
had donethe La cEDEMONIANS great pleaſure , did afterwards raze the Walls of their City, and
ſpoiled and deſtroyed all their Countrey : and laftly, overthrew their whole Government, It ſeem-
eth alſo by reaſon of his immoderate choler , he was himſelf cauſe of his own death , for that he
made more haſte then good ſpeed, to go out of time to ſet upon thoſe of ME s $1NA : andnot as
Titus , who did all his affairs with wiſdom, and ever conſidered what was beſt to be done : But if
we look into the number of Battells, and Vitories : The War which 77: made againft Philip was
ended with two Bartells : whereas Phi/opemen in infinite Battells in which he had the better, never left
it doubtfull, bur that his skill did ever help him more to the Vitory , then the good Fortune he had.
Moreover , Tirus wan Honour by means of the Power of ROME, when it flouriſhed moſt, and was in
beft proſperity : Philopexmen made himſelf, famous by his deeds, when GREECE began to ſtoop
and fall altogether, $o that the deeds of the one, were common to all the Romans : and the deeds
of the other, were private to himſelf alone. For 7 its was Generall over good and valiant Souldiers,
that were already trained to his hand: and Philopemer being choſen Generall,did train his men himſelf,
and made them afterwards very expert and Valiant , that were but mean and green Souldiers before.
And whereas Philopzmen had continuall Wars with the GRE c1aNs, it was not for any good For-
rune he had , but that it made a certain proof of his valiantneſs. For where all other things are anſwer-
able to his, there we muſt judge that ſuch as overcome, have the moſt courage. Now Philopemer ma-
king Wars with the moſt Warlike Nations of all GREECE, (as the CRETANs, and the Lac ED#-
. MONIANS ) did overcome the ſubtelleft of them , by fineneſs and policy : and the moſt valiant by
proweſs and hardineſs. But Tr overcame , by putting that onely in praRiſe , which -was alrea-
dy found and ſtabliſhed : as the diſcipline of Wars, and order of Battell, in the which bis Souldiers had
and
: 7.0. Flaminius and Philopemen.
and altered all the order which before they were accuſtomed unto. So that the chiefeſt point how to
win a battle, was found out anew, and brought in by the one, into a place where it was never before :
and onely employed by the other, which.had very good skill to uſe ir, and had found it out already
before, Again, touching the valiant aQts done in the perſon of themſelves, many notable acts may be
told of Philopemen, butnone of T it#s. ;.but rather to the coritrary, . For there was one Arche Janus
an £TOL1AN, who flouting Tztws one Nay, faid in his reproach : that at a day of battle, when Phi-
lopemen ran with his ſword in his hand, to that fide where he ſaw the Mac :Dont1ans fighting and
making head againſt the Enemy, T irs held up his hands unto heaven, and was buſfic at his prayers to
the gods, not ſtirring one foot, when: it was more time to handle the ſword, and to fight of all hands.
All the goodly deeds Teas ever did, wete done always as a Conſul, or Lieutenant, or Magiſtrate :
whereas Philopemen ſhewed himſelf unto the Ac#arans, a man no lels valiant and of execution,
being out of Office, then when he was a Genetal. For when he was a General, he did drive Nabs the
* Tyrant of the La c£D£MONIANS out of MEsS$SiNA, anddelivered the MESS1N1ANS out of bon-
dage : and being a private man, he ſhur the Gates of the City of SyarT a, in the face of Driophanes
(General of the ACHA1AaNns) and of Tits Quintins Flaminins, and kept them both from coming in,
and tliereby ſaved the City from ſacking. Cn born ro command, he knew not onely how to
command according to the Law, but could com the Law it ſelf upon neceſſity, and when the Com-
monwealth required it. For at ſuch atime he would not tarry while the pow germ which ſhould go-
vern him, did give him authority to command, bur he rook it of himſelf, uſed them when the time
ſerved : eſteeming, that he which knew better then they what was co be done, was moretruly their
General; then he whom they had choſen. And therefore they do well, that do commend Titus Acts,
for his clemency and courteſie uſed ro the GREc1AaNns : but much more the Noble and Valiant Acts
of Philopemen unto the ROMaNns. For it is much caſter to pleaſure and gratifie the weak; then it is
to hurt and reſiſt the ſtrong, Therefore ſichence we have throughly examined and compared the one
with the other, it is very hard to judge altogether the difference that is between them, Peradven-
ture therefore the judgment would nor ſeem very ill, if we do give the GxEcran for Diſcipline of
War, the preheminence and praiſe of a good Captain : and to the Roman for Juſtice and Clemency,
the Name and Dignity of a moſt Juſt and Courteous Gentleman,
A General
mult nor be at
his prayers
when he ſhould
occupy his
{word,
Qaintius cle«
mency to the
Grecatans.,
Phil:pemens
love tothe Ro-
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Pyrrus kin. -
dred, and be-
ginning ofthe
Kingdo of
Epirus,
Pyrrus, red.
CT ſroyed) and fled away with him as faſt as poſſible they might, with few ſervants, his Nurſes and ne-
' ceſſary women only to look to the Child and give it ſuck : by reaſon whereof their flight was much hin-
. dred, {oas they could go no great journeys, but that they might eaſily be overtaken by them that follow-
being an infant
was layed.
THE LIFE OF
PYRROS.
eAnt. Chriſt,
3663. 286.
=< T is written, that fince A 0@hs floud, the firſt King of the Tuzs PROTIANS, and
»F of the MoLoSS1ANS, was Phaeton, one of thoſe who came with Pelaſgus in-
A to the Realm of Epxxus. But ſome ſay otherwiſe, that Dexcalion, and his
Ae Wife Pyrra remained there, after they had built and founded the Temple of
Dodone, inthe Countrey of the Mo105 514 Ns. But howſoever it was, a great
while after that, Neoprolemus the Son of Achiles, bringing thither a great num-
©
SS. SEE ber of people with him, conquered the Conntrey, and after him left a Succeſſion
—_ . " m
of Kings, which were called after his name, the PYRR1DEs : becauſe that from
his infancy he was ſurnamed Pyrrzs, as much to ſay, as red : and one of his legitimate Sons whom he
had by Lanaſſa, the Daughter of Cleodes the Son of Hillus, was alſo named by him Pyrrxs. And this
is the cauſe why Achilles is honoured as a god in Ey1kus, being called in their language, A4ſperos, that
is to ſay, mighty, or very great. But from the firſt Kings of that race untill the time of Tharyyt as,
there is no memory nor mention made of them : nor of their Power that Raigned in the mean time,
becauſe they all became very Barbarous, and utterly void of civility. Tharrytas was indeed the firſt
that beautified the Cities of his Countrey with the Gr :c1A n tongue, brought in civil Laws and Cu-
Roms, and made his name famous to the poſterity that followed. This Tharrytas left a Son called
: Alcetas , of Alcetas came Arymbas, of Arymbas and Troiade his Wife came </Eacides, who married
Phithia the Daughter of Jdenon THESSALI A N, a famous man in the time of the wars, ſurnamed La-
MIAN, and one that had far greater authority than any other of the Confederates, after Leoſthenes.
. This #acides had two Daughters by his Wite Phithia, ro ſay, Deidamea and Trotade, and one Son
called Pyrrus. In his time the MOLOSS1ANS rebelled, drave him out of his Kingdom, and put the
Crown into the hands of the Sons of py Whereupon all the friends of «Aaczdes that could
be taken, were generally murthered and {lain outright. Androclides and Angelus in the mean time ſtole
away Pyrra-, being but a ſucking babe, (whom his enemies nevertheleſs eagerly ſought for to have de-
| ed. For which cauſethey put the child into the hands of Androchion, Hippias, and Neander, three
AMegares a Ci-
ty of Macedon,
Iuſty young men whom they truſted with him, and commanded them ro run for life to a certain City
of MACEDON, called MEG aREs, and they themſelves in the mean rime, partly by entreaty, and part-
ly by force made ſtay. of thoſe that followed ' them till night. So as with much ado having driven
them back, they ran aiter them that cartied the child Pyrr%c, whom they overrook_at Sun-ſer. And
now , weening they had been ſafe, and out of all danger, rtheh found it clean contrary. 4
when
7” FX XS
—— — A ee ee es
nn nn <s —
— nn een ne en
— _
when they came to the River under the Town Walls of MeGares, they ſaw it ſo rough and
ſwifc , that it made them afraid to behold it ; and when they gaged the toord, they found it un-
poſſible ro wadethrough, it was ſo high riſen and troubled with the fall of the rain, beſides thar
the darkneſs of the night made every thing ſeem fearfull unto them, So as they now that car-
ried the Child, thought it nor good to venture the paſſage over of themſelves alone, with the wo-
men that tended the child : but hearing certain Countrey men on the ocher fide, they prayed and
beſought them in the name of the gods , that they would help them to paſs over the Child,
ſhewing Pyrrus unto them afar off. But the Countrey men by reaſon of the roaring of the River
underſtood them not. Thus they continued a long ſpace, the one crying, the other liſtning, yer
could they not underſtand one another , till at the laſt one of the Company berhought humlzlf
ro pill off the Bark of an Oak, and upon that he wrought with the tongue of a buckle, the hard
fortune and neceſlity of the Child, Which he tied to a ſtone to give it weight, and fo threw
it over to the other ſide of the River : other ſay, that he did prick the Bark through with the point
of a dart which he caſt over. The Countrey men on the other fide of the River, having read whar
was Written, and underſtanding thereby the preſent danger the Child was in : felled down trees in
all the haſt they could poſſible, bound them rogether and ſo paſſed over the River. And it for-
tuned that the firſt man of them that paſſed over, and took the Child, was called Achilles : the re-
fidue of the Countrey men paſſed over alfo, and took the other that came with the Child, and con-
veyed them over as they came firſt to hand, And thus having eſcaped their hands, by eafte jour-
neys they came at the length unto Glaucias King of It.LyRIa, whom they found in his houle fit- Gl:ucizs King
ting by his Wife : and laid down the Child in the middeſt of the floor before him, The King of 1%ria.
hereupon ſtayed a long time without uttering any one word , weighing with himſelf what was
beſt to be done : becauſe of the fear he had of Caſſander, a mortal Enemy of eAacides, Inthe
mean time, the Child Pyrrxs creeping of all four, rook hold of the Kings Gown, and ſcrawled
up by that, and ſo got up on his feet againſt the Kings knees, At the firſt, the King laughed to ſee the
Child : but after it pitied him again, becauſe the Child ſeemed like an humble ſuter that came to
ſeek ſanctuary in his Arms. Others fay, that Pyrras came not to Glaxcias, but unto the Altar of
the familiar gods, alongſt the which he got up on his feex, and embraced it with both his hands,
Which Glaucias imagining to be done by gods providence, preſently delivered the Child to his
Wife, gave her the charge of him, and willed her to ſee him brought up with his own. Shortly
after, his Enemies ſent ro demand the Child of him : and moreover, {aſſander cauſed two hun-
dred talentsto be offered him, rodeliver the Child Pyrrz into his hands. Howbeit Glaxc:as would
never grant thereunto, but contrarily, when' Pyrr#s was come to twelve years old , he brought
him into his Countrey of Ey1rus with an Army, and ſtabliſhed him King of the Realm again :
#s had a great Majeſty in his countenance , but yet indeed more feartul] then triendly. He
had alſo no Teeth in his upper Jaw that ſtood diſtin&ly one from another, bur one whole bone
throughout his Gum, marked a little at the top onely, with certain rifts in the place where the
Teeth ſhould be divided. Men held opinion alſo, that he did heal them that were fick of the Pyrrus healed
Spleen, by ſacrificing a white Cock, and touching the place of the Spleen on the left fide of them them char wers
that were ſick, ſoftly with his right foot, they lying on their backs : and there was nor ſo poor fick of ihe
nor ſimple a man that craved this remedy of him, bur he gave it him, and took the Cock he fa- >pleen, :
crificed, for reward of the remedy, which pleaſed him very well. They fay alſo, that the great
toe of his right foot had ſome ſecret vertue in it. For when he was dead, and that they burnt his
body, all the reft being conſumed to aſhes, his great toe was whole, and had no hurt at all; bur of ., FOI
. a ab . e fire could
that, we will write more hereafter, Now, when he was ſeventeen years of age, thinking him- ,,; 1... Pyr-
ſelf ſure enough of his Kingdom, it chanced- him to make a journey into ILLYR1A, where he rus great toe,
married one of Glaxcias Daughters, with whom he had been brought up. Bur his back was no
ſooner turned , but the MoLoss1ANs rebelled again againſt him , and drave out his friends and Pyrrus Realm
ſervants, and deſtroyed all his goods, and yielded themſelves unto his adverſary IV eoptolemus. _ —_—
King Pyrr having thus loſt his Kingdome, and ſeeing himſelf forſaken on all fides, went tro De. * ' TPEMrs
metrius ( Antigonus Son) that had married his Siſter De:idamia, who in her young age was aſſured
tw eAlexander the Son of «Alexander the Great, and of Roxane, and was called his Wife. Bur
when all that race was brought to wicked end, Demetrius then married her, being come to full and
able age, And in that great battle which was ſtricken near to the City of H1 ysus, where all
the Kings fought rogether, Pyrr« being then but a young man, and with Demerrins, put themall
to flight that fought with him, and was worthily reputed for the valianteſt Prince amongſt them Pyrrusvalianr-
all. ' Furthermore, when Demetrius was overcome, and had loſt the battle, Pyrrus never forſook nels 2t the bar.
him, but faithfully did keep for him the Cities of Gzx =xcs, which he pur into his hands. And tle of Higyur.
afterwards when Peace was concluded berwixt Demetrius and Frolomy, Pyrrus was ſent an Ho-
ſtage for Demerring into the Realm of £Gypr : where he made Ptolomy know (both in Hun-
ting and in other exerciſes of his perſon) that he was very ſtrong, hard, and able to endureany
labour. Furthermore perceiving that Berenice amongſt all King Prolom.y's Wives, was beſt belo-
ved and eſteemed of her husband , both for her Vertue and Wiſdom, he began to entertain
and honour her above all the reſt. For he was a man that could tell how to humble himſelf ro- RENEE TY
wards the great (by whom he might win benefic) and knew alſo how to creep into their credit : pla; ws
and in like manner was he a great ſcorner and deſpiſer of ſuch as were his interiours. Moreover, k:
tor that he was found marvellons: honourable and of fair condition, he was preferred before all other
Fi 2 young
Pyrrus counte-
nance 3ad teeth
33%
PYIRRVS.
Pyrrusmarried
ro Antigons
the Daughter
of Philip King
of Macedon,
and of his wife
Berenice.
Pyrrus reſto-
red to his king-
dom again,
Pyrrus divid-
eth the Realm
of Epirus with
Neoptolemus.
young Princes, to be the Husband of eFnrigona, the Daughter of Queen Berenice, whom ſhe had
by Philip, . before ſhe was married unto Prolomy, From thenceforth growing through the alliance of
that marriage, more and more in eſtimation and favour by means of his Wife 4:rigona, who ſhew-
ed her ſelf very vertuous and loving towards him : he found. means in the end, ro ger both men and
money to return again into the Realm of Ey1rus, and to conquer it : ſo was hethen very well
received of the people, and the better, for the malice they bare ro Neoprolemus, becauſe he dealr
both hardly and, cruelly with them. That notwithſtanding, Pyrrus tearing left 2\eoprolemus would
repair unto ſome of the other Kings, to ſcek aid againſt him, thoughr good to make peace with him.
Whereupon it was agreed between them, that they ſhould both together be Kings of Ey1rus. But
in-proceſs of time, {ome of their men ſecretly made ſtrife again between them, and ſer them at de-
fiance one with another : and the chiefeſt cauſe as it is ſaid, that angred Pyrrxs moſt, grew upon this;
the Kings of Ee1kus had an ancientcuſtom of great antiquity, after they had made ſolemn facri.
fice unto Jupiter Martiall, -in a certain place in the Province of MOLoSS1DE (called PassarOx)
to take their Oath, and to be ſworn to the EexiRoTs, that they would reign well and juſtly, accor-
ding to the Laws and Ordinances of the Countrey : and to receive the Subjects Oaths interchange-
ably alſo, that they ſhould defend and maintain them in their Kingdom , according to the Laws
in like manner, This Ceremony was done in the preſence of both'the Kings, and they with their
friends did both give and receive Preſents each of other, At this meeting and ſolemnity, among
other, one Gelon a moſt faithfull ſervant and aſſured friend unto Neoprolemus, who beſides grear
ſhews of friendſhip and honour he did unto Pyrrxs, gave him two pair of draught Oxen, which
one eMyrtilas a Cup-bearer of Pyrrus being preſent, and ſeeing did crave of his Maſter, But Pyr-
rus denyed to give them unto him, whereat £Ayrtilus was very angry. Gelon perceiving that
Myrtilns was angry, prayed him to ſup with him that night. Now ſome ſay, he ſought to abuſe
Myrtilas, becauſe he was fair and young : and began to perſwade him after ſupper to take part
with 2 eoptolemus, and poyſun Pyrrus. Myrtilus made as though he was willing to give ear to
this per{waſion, and to be well pleaſed withall. But in the mean time, he went and rold his maſter
of it, by whoſe commandment he made Alexicrates, Co chief Cup-bearer, to talk with Gelor
abour this praiſe, as though he had alſo given his conſentto it, and was willing to be partaker of
the enterprize. This did Pyrrus to hive two Witneſſes, to prove the pretended poyſoning of him.
Thus Gelor: being finely deceived, and Neoprolemus alſo with him, both imagining they had cun-
ningly ſpun the thread of their treaſon : Neoprolemus was ſo glad of it, that he could not keep
1t himſelf, bur told it to certain of his friends. And on a time going to be merry with his Siſter,
he could nor keep it in, but nwſt be pratling of ir to her, ſuppoſing no body had beard him but her
ſelf, becauſe there was no living creature near them , ſaving Phanareta, Samons wife, the Kings
chief heardman of all his beaſts, and yer ſhe was laid upon alittle bed by, and turned towards the
wall : ſo that ſhe ſeemed as though the had ſlept. Burt having heard all their talk, and no body
miſtruſting her : the next morning ſhe went to eAntigona King Pyrrus wite, and told her every
. word what ſhe had heard Neoptolemus ay to his Siſter. Pyrr«s hearing this, made no countenance
Pyrras flew
Neoprolemus,
”
Berenicida, A
City of Epirus
in the lſle of
Preſque.
Pyrrus farſt
journey into
Macedon.
of any thing at that time: but having made ſacrifice unto the gods, he bad Neoprolemus to ſupper to
his houſe, where he ſlew him, being well informed before of the good will the chiefeſt men of the
Realm did bear him, who wiſhed him to diſpatch Neoptolemus, and not to' content himſelf with
a piece of Ee1mrus onely, but to follow his natural inclination , being born to great things : and
for this cauſe, this ſuſpition alſo falling out in the mean while , he prevented Neoprolemus and
flew him firſt, And furthermore, remembring the pleaſures he had received of Prolomy and Bere-
nice, he named his firſt Son by his Wife eAntigona, Prolomy, and _— built a Ciry in the Pk x $-
QUE, an Iſle of Ey1xus, did name it BERENic1Da, Vyhen he had done that, imagining
:Sreat matters in his head, but more in his hope, he firſt determined with himſelf how to win
that which lay neareſt unto him : and ſo rook occaſion by this means, firſt to ſer foot into the
. Empire of Mactzpon. The eldeſt Son of {aſſander, called eAntipater , put his own Mother
- Theſſalonica to death, and drave his Brother Alexander out of his own Countrey, who ſent to De-
' metrius for help, and called in Pyrrus alſo to hisaid, Demetrius being troubled with other mat-
- ters could not ſo quickly go thither. And Pyrras being arrived there, demanded for his charge
' Tuſtained, the City of NyMPHE&A, with all the Sea coaſts of MactDo0N : and beſides all that, cer- |
tain Lands alſo that were not belonging to the ancient Crown aud Revenues of the Kings of Ma-
. CEDON, but were added unto it by torce of Arms, as Ambracia, Acarnania, and Amphilochia. All
theſe, the young King Alexander leaving unto him, he took poſſeſſion thereof , and put good Gar-
. riſons into the ſame in his own name: and conquering the reſt of MaczpoN in the name of
Alexander, put his Brother eAntipater to great diſtreſs. In the mean time King Lyſwmachus lacking =
no good will ro help A4ntipater with his force, but being buſied in other matters, had not the mean
to doit. Howbeit knowing very well that Pyrrzs in acknowledging the great pleaſures he had
. received of Prolomy, would deny him nothing : he determined to write counterfeit Letters to him
King Lyſuma-
chus craft rode-
ceive Pyrrus..
in Prolomy's name, and thereby inſtantly to pray and require him to leave off the Wars begun
againſt eAntipater, and to take of him towards the defraying of his charges, the ſum of three hun-
dred Talents. Pyrrus opening the Letters, knew ſtraight that this was but a fetch and device of Lyſ-
machus. For King Ptolomy's common manner of greeting of him, which he uſed at the beginning
of his Letters, was not in them obſerved ; To my Son Pyrrus, health, Burt in thoſe counterfeit was,
| King
PYRRVOS. __
—_—
King Peolomy, unto King Pyrus health. Whereupon he preſently pronounced Lyſsmachis tor a
naughty man : neverthelets, afterwards he made Peace with entipater, and they met together
at a day appcinted, to be ſworn upon the Sacrifices unto the Articles of peace. There were three
beaſts brought to be ſacrificed, a Goat, a Bull, and a Ram : of the which, the Ram fell down
dead of himlelf before he was touched, whereat all the ſtanders by fell a laughing. But there was Theodorus
a Soothſayer, one Theodotus, that perſwaded Pyrras not to ſwear : ſaying. that this ſign and to- Ju4gement,
ken of the gods did threaten one of the three Kings with ſudden death. For which cauſe Pyrrus Soathilayer.
concluded no peace. Now eAlexanders Wars being ended, Demetrius notwithſtanding came to
bim, knowing well enough at his coming that eAlexander had no more need of hisaid, and that
hedid it onely but to fear him. They had not been many days together , but the one began
to miſtruſt the other, and to ſpy all the ways they could to intrap each other : but Demerrins
embracing the firſt occaſion offered, prevented eAlexander, and (lew him being a young man, and
proclaimed himſelf King of Maczpox in his room. Now Demetrins had certain quarrels Pyrris quarrel
before againſt Pyrrxs, becauſe he had over-run the Country of Txess A Ly : and furthermore, 924 war with
greedy covetouſneſs to have the more (which is a common vice with Princes and Noble men) 27%
made, that being ſo near neighbours, the one ſtood in fear and miſtruſt of the other, and yer
much more after the death of Dezdamia. But now that they both occupied all Mactpon be-
tween them, and were to make diviſion of one ſelf Kingdom: now I fay began the matter and
occaſion of quarrel to grow the greater between them. Whereupon Demetrius went with his
Army to. ſet upon the Ar 0L1ans, and having conquered the Countrey, left Pantauchus bis Lieu- P antauchus,
tenant there with a great Army : and himſelf in __ in the mean time marched againſt Pyrras, Pemerrius |
and Pyrrus on the other ſide againſt him. They both miſſed of meeting, and Demerrius going on Hievenant ik
turther on the one fide, entred into the Realm of Ey1Rus , and brought a great ſpoil away w_
with bim $ Pyrrus on the other fide marched on, till he came to the place where P antaxchus was. To
whom he gave bartle, and it was valiantly fought out between the Souldiers of either party, bur
ſpecially berween the two Generals. For doubtleſs Pantauchus was the valianteft Captain, the Pyrriis Gights
ſtouteſt man, and of the greateſt experience in Arms, of all the Caprains and Souldiers Demetrius with Panzau-
had. Whereupon Pantaxchus truſting in his ſtrength and courage, advanced himſelf forwards, ©
and luftily challenged the combat of. Pyrrus. Pyrrus on the other fide being inferiour to no King
in- valiantneſs, nor in defire ro wm honour , as he that would afcribe unto himſelf the glory of
eAchilles, more for the invitation of his valiancy , then for that he was deſcended of his blood bh
paſſed through the midſt of the battle unto the firft rank, to buckle with Pantanchns. Thus *
they began to charge one another, firſt with their darts, and then coming nearer, fought with
their ſwords, not onely artificially, but alſo with great force and fury : untill fuch time as Pyrrus
was hurt in one place, and he hurt Pantaxchus in two; the one near unto his throat, and the
other in his leg : ſoas in the end Pyrrus made him turn his back, and threw him to the ground,
but nevertheleſs killed him not. For, ſo ſoon as he was down, his men took him up, and carried Pyrrus victory
him away. But the Errors encouraged by the victory of their King, and the, admiration of of Pantauchus.
his valiantneſs, took to it ſo luſtily, that in the end they brake the battle of the Maczp0nian
footmen t and _ put them t6 Note, followed them o lively, that they ſlew a great number
of them, and took five thouſand priſoners. This overthrow did not ſo much fill che hearts of the
MAacEDONIANS With anger, for the loſs they had received, nor with the bate conceived againſt
Pyrrus : as it wan Pyrrus great fame and honour, making his courage and valiantneſs to be won-
dred' at of all ſuch as were prefent at the battle that ſaw him fight, and how he laid about him,
For they thought that they ſaw in his face the very life and agiliry of eAlexander the Great, and the pyryys likened
right ſhaddow as it were, ſhewing the force and fury of «Alexander himfelt in that fight. And to Alexander
where otter Kings did but onely counterfeit eAlexander the Great in his purple garments, and the Grear.
in numbers of Souldiers and Guards about their perſons, and in a certain faſhion and bowing of
heir necks a little, and in uttering their ſpeech with arhigh voice : Pyrrus onely was like unto hin,
and 'followed him in his Martial deeds and valiant Acts. Furthermore, for his experience and skill p dill;
in- Warlike Diſcipline, the books he wrote himſelf thereof, do amply prove and make manifeſt, ich liſci-
Furthermore, they report, that King Antigenus being asked, whom he thought to be the greateſt pline,
Captain: made anſwer, Pyrrus, ſo far forth as he might live to be old, ſpeaking onely of the
Captains of his time. But Hannibal generally ſaid, Pyrrus was the greateſt Captain of experience Hannivais
and $kill in Wars of all other, Scipio the ſecond, and himſelf the third : as we have written in the judgmear of +
Life of Scipio. So it ſeemerh that Pyrras gave his whole life and ſtudy to the Diſciple of Wars, Ns —_
as that which/ indeed was Princely and meet for 4 King, making no reckoning of all other know-
ledge.- ” And' furthermore touching this matter, they report that he being at a teaſt one day, a que-
ſtion was asked him, whom he thought to be the beſt player of the Flute, Pyrhon ar Cepheſtas :
whereunts he anſwered; that Polyperchon in his opinion was the beft Captain, as if he would have Pyrrus wiſe
Haid, that was the onely thing a Prince ſhould ſeck for, and which he ought chiefly to learn and anfver.
know, 'He was very entle and fajniliar with his friends, eafie to' forgive when any bad offended * po good-
him, and" maryellos defirous to requite and acknowledg any courteſte or pleaſure by him recei- ,* ON?
ved. And that was the caufe why he did very unpatieutly take the death of «Aropus, nor fo mach *
tor his death-( which he knew was a common thing to every living creature ) as for that he was
angry with himfelf he had deferred the time ſo long, chat time it ſelf had cut him off fronv all
occahion and meany to requite the courteſies he had rgceived of him; True it is, that money lent
Ft 3 - may
Pyryus kin-
dred, and be-
ginning ofthe
Kingdom of
Epirus,
Pyrrus, red.
How Pyrrus
being an infant
was layed.
Segares 2 Cl-
ty of Macedon,
THE LIFE OF
& ®
eAnt. Chriſt,
eAnno eMund.
| 286.
36632.
ze 7 is written, that ſince \ 9ahs floud, the firſt King of the Tyuzs PROT 1A Ns, and
EE» of the MoLoSSIANS, was Phaeton, one of thoſe who came with Pelaſpguc in-
KASCH to the Realm of Ep1xus. But ſome ſay otherwiſe, that Dexcalion, and his
- tf *#Al Wife Pyrra remained there, after they had built and founded the Temple of
[SECS Dodone, inthe Countrey of the Mo195514 NS. But howſoever it was, a great
LICE I while after that, Neoprolemus the Son of Achilles, bringing thither a great num-
WEE ber of people with him, conquered the Conntrey, and after him left a Succeſſion
of Kings, which were called atter hisname, the PYRR1DEs : becanſe that from
his infancy he was ſurnamed Pyrrzs, as much to ſay, as red : and one of his legitimate Sons whom he
had by Lanaſſa, the Daughter of Cleodes the Son of Hillus, was alſo named by him Pyrrxs. And this
is the cauſe why Achilles is honoured as a god in E y1Rus, being called in their language, A/ſperos, that
is to ſay, mighty, or very great. But from the fir{t Kings of that race untill the time of Tharyyras,
there is no memory nor mention made of them : nor of their Power that Raigned in the mean time,
becauſe they all became very Barbarous, and utterly void of civility. Tharrytas was indeed the firſt
that beautified the Cities of his Countrey with the Gr tc1a n tongue, brought in civil Laws and Cu-
ſtoms, and made his name famous to the poſterity that followed. This Tharryras left a Son called
Alcetas , of Alcetas came Arymbas, of Arymbas and Trozade his Wite came </acides, who married
Phithia the Daughter of Menon THESSALI A N, a famous man in the time of the wars, ſurnamed La-
MIAN, and one that had far greater authority than any other of the Confederates, after Leoſthenes.
This c#acides had two Daughters by his Wite Phithia, to ſay, Deidamea and Troiade, and one Son
called Pyrrus. In his time the MOLOSS1ANS rebelled, drave him out of his Kingdom, and put the
Crown into the hands of the Sons of 7 19 Whereupon all the friends of «Aacides that could
be raken, were generally murthered and {lain outright. Androclides and Angelus in the mean time ſtole
away Pyrrus, being but a ſucking babe, (whom his enemies nevertheleſs eagerly ſought for to have de-
ſtroyed) and fled away with him as faſt as poſſible they might, with few ſervants, his Nurſes and ne-
cefſary women only to look to the Child and give it ſuck : by reaſon whereof their flight was much hin-
dred, {oas they could go no great journeys, but that they might eaſily be overtaken by them that follow-
cd. For which cauſethey put the child into the hands of Androchion, Hippias, and Neander, three
Iufty young men whom they truſted with him, and commanded them ro run for life to a certain City
of MACEDON, Called MEG RE s, and they them(elves in the mean time, partly by entreaty, and part-
ly by force made ſtay. of thoſe that followed them till night, So as with much ado having driven
them back, they ran aiter them that carried the child Pyryur, whom they overrook_at Sun-ſer, And
now , weening they had been ſ:fe, and out of all danger, ths4 found ir clean contrary. For
when
P.YRRVUS:.
4A *
pÞ,
when they came to the River under the Town Walls of MEGares , they ſaw it ſo rough and
ſwifc , that ir made them afraid to behold it; and when they gaged the toord, they found it un-
poſſible ro wade through, it was ſo high riſen and troubled with the fall of the rain, beſides thar
the darkneſs of the night made every thing ſeem fearful] unto them, So as they now that car-
ried the Child, thought ir nor good to venture the paſſage over of themſelves alone, with the wo-
men that rended the child : bur hearing certain Countrey men on the other fide, they prayed and
beſought them in the name of the gods , that they would help them to pals over the Child,
ſhewing Pyrr«s unto them afar off, But the Countrey menby reaſon of the roaring of the River
underſtood them not. Thus they continued a long ſpace, the one crying, the other liſtning, yer
could they not underſtand one another , til] at the laſt one of the Company bethought himi-lf
ro pill off the Bark of an Oak, and upon that he wrought with the tongue of a buckle, the hard
fortune and neceſlity of the Child, Which he tied to a ſtone to give it weight, and fo threw
it over to the other ſide of the River : other ſay, that he did prick the Bark through with the point
of a dart which he caſt over. The Countrey men on the other fide of the River, having read what
was Written, and underſtanding thereby the preſent danger the Child was in : felled down trees in
all the haſt they could poſlible, bound them rogether and ſo paſſed over the River. And it for-
tuned that the firſt man of them that paſſed over, and took the Child, was called Achilles : the re-
fidue of the Countrey men paſſed over alfo, and rook the other that came with the Child, and con-
veyed them over as they came firſt to hand. And thus having eſcaped their bands, by eafie jour-
neys they came at the length unto Glaucias King of I.LYRIAa, whom they found in his houle fit-
ting by his Wife : and laid down the Child in the middeſt of the floor before him, The King
hereupon ſtayed a long time without uttering any one word , weighing with himſelf what was
beſt to be done : becauſe of the fear he had of Caſſander, a mortal Enemy of e£acides., In the
mean time, the Child Pyrrxs creeping of all four, rook hold of the Kings Gown, and ſcrawled
up by that, and ſo got up on his feet againſt the Kings knees, At the firſt, the King laughed to ſee the
Child : but after it pitied him again, becauſe the Child ſeemed like an humble ſuter that came to
ſeek ſanctuary in his Arms, Others fay, that Pyrras came not to Glaucias, but unto the Altar of
the familiar gods, alongſt the which he got up on his feer, and embraced it with both his hands,
Which Glaucias imagining to be done by gods providence, preſently delivered the Child to his
Wife, gave her the charge of him, and willed her to ſee him brought up with his own. Shortly
after, his Enemies ſent ro demand the Child of him : and moreover, {aſſander cauſed two hun-
dred talentsto be offered him, todeliver the Child Pyrrw into his hands. Howbeit Glauc:as would
never grant thereunto, but contrarily, when' Pyrr#s was come to twelve years old , he brought
him into his Countrey of Ey1rus with an Army, and ſtabliſhed him King of the Realm again :
Pyrrus had a great Majeſty in his countenance , but yet indeed more feartull then friendly. He
had alſo no Teeth in his upper Jaw that ſtood diſtin&ly one from another, bur one whole bone
throughout his Gum, marked a little at the top onely, with certain rifts in the place where the
Gliuctas King
of Iliyria.
Pyrrs counte-
nance 3ad teeth
Teeth ſhould be divided. Men held opinion alſo, that he did heal them that were fick of the Pyrrus healed
Spleen, by facrificing a white Cock, and touching the place of the Spleen on the left fide of them them that wers
that were ſick, ſoftly with his right foot, they lying on their backs : and there was not fo poor
nor {imple a man that craved this remedy of him, but he gave it him, and rook the Cock he fa-
crificed, for reward of the remedy, which pleaſed him very well. They fay alſo, that the great
toe of his right foot had ſome ſecret vertue in it. For when he was dead, and that they burnt his
body, all the reft being conſumed to aſhes, his great toe was whole, and had no hurrt ar all: bur of
that, we will write more hereafter, Now, when he was ſeventeen years of age, thinking him-
{clf ſure enough of his Kingdom, it chanced- him to make a journey into ILLYR1a, where he
narried one of Glaucias Daughters, with whom he had been brought up. But his back was no
ſooner turned , but the MoLos$14Ns rebelled again againſt him , and drave out his friends and
lervants, and deſtroyed all his goods, and yielded themſelves unto his adverſary 9\ goprolemms.
King Pyr74 having thus loſt his Kingdome, and ſeeing himſelf forſaken on all ſides, went ro De-
metrius ( Antigonus Son) that had married his Siſter Deidamia, who in her young age was aſſured
tO eAlexander the Son of «Alexander the Great, and of Roxane, and was called his Wife, Bur
when all that race was brought to wicked end, Demetrius then married her, being come to full and
able age, And in that great battle which was tricken near to the City of H1 sus, where all
the Kings fought rogether, Pyrrus being then but a young man, and with Demetrius, put them all
to flight that fought with him, and was worthily reputed for the valianteſt Prince amongſt them
all. Furthermore, when Demetrius was overcome, and had loſt the battle, Pyrrus never forſook
him, but faithfully did keep for him the Cities of Gr tc, which he put into his hands. And
afterwards when Peace was concluded betwixt Demetrius and Frolomy, Pyrrus was (ent an Ho-
ſtage for Demetriug into the Realm of A&Gyyr : where he made Ptolomy know (both in Hun-
ting and in other exerciſes of his perſon) that he was very ſtrong, hard, and able to endureany
labour. Furthermore perceiving that Berenice amongſtall King Prolom-y's Wives, was beſt belo-
ved and eſteemed of her husband , both for her Vertue and Wiſdom, he began to entertain
and honour her above all the reſt. For he was a man that could tell how to humble himſelf to-
wards the great (by whom he might win benefic) and knew alſo how to creep into their credit : |
and in like manner was he a great ſcorner and deſpiſer of ſuch as were his infertours. Moreover,
tor that he was found marvellons: honourable and of fair condition, he was preterred before all other
Ft 2 young
fick of the
Spleen.
The fire couid
not burn Pyr-
rus great toe,
Pyrrus Realm
taken from him
in his ablence.
Pyrrus valiant-
neſs at the bat-
tle of Hipſus.
Pyry:'s Dchavi-
-
PIRRVOCS.
CP rr En
Pyrrus married by Philip, before ſhe was married unto Prolomy, From thencetorth growing through the alliance of
ro Antizond
the Daughter
of Philip King
of Macedon,
and of his wife
Berenice.
Pyrrus reſto-
red to his king-
dom again,
Pyrrus divid-
eth the Realm
of Epirus with
Neoptolemus.
young Princes, to be the Husband of eAnrigona, the Daughter of Queen Berenice, whom ſhe had
that marriage, more and more in eſtimation and favour by means of his Wite 4nrigona, who ſhew-
ed her ſelf very vertuous and loving towards him : he found. means in the end, to ger both men and
money to return again into the Realm of Ey1kus, and to conquer it : ſo was hethen very well
received of the people, and the better, for the malice they bare ro Neoprolemus, becauſe he dealr
both hardly and cruelly with them. That notwithſtanding, Pyrras fearing leſt I\{eoprolemus would
repair unto ſome of the other Kings, to ſcek aid againit him, thoughr good to make peace with him,
Whereupon it was agreed between them, that they ſhould both together be Kings of Ex1rus. But
in proceſs of time, {ome of their men ſecretly made ſtrife again berween them, and ſer them at de-
fiance one with another : and the chicfeſt cauſeas it is ſaid, that angred Pyrr«s moſt, grew upon this;
the Kings of Ey1Rus had an ancientcuſtom of great antiquity, after they had made ſolemn facri-
fice unto Jupiter Martiall, in a certain place in the Province of MOLos $1DE (called Passarox)
to take their Oath, and to be ſwornto the Ey1RoTs, that they would reign well and juſtly, accor-
ding to the Laws and Ordinances of the Countrey : and to receive the Subjects Oaths interchange.
ably alſo, that they ſhould defend and maintain them in their Kingdom , according to the Laws
in like manner, This Ceremony was done in the preſence of both'the Kings, and they with their
friends did both give and receive Preſents each of other, Art this meeting and ſolemnity, among
other, one Gelon a moſt faithfull ſervant and aſſured friend unto Neoptolemus, who beſides great
ſhews of friendſhip and honour he did unto Pyrrxs, gave him two pair of draught Oxen, which
one eMyrtilxs a Cup-bearer of Pyrrus being preſent, and ſeeing did crave of his Maſter, But Pyr-
rus denyed to give them unto him, whereat e2yrtilzs was very angry. Gelon perceiving that
Myrtilus was angry, prayed him to ſup with him that night. Now ſome ſay, he ſought to abuſe
Myrtilus, becauſe he was fair and young : and began to perſwade him after ſupper to take part
with 2\ eoptolemus, and poyſun Pyrrus. Myrtilus made as though he was willing to give ear to
this perlwaſion, and to be well pleaſed withall. But in the mean time, he went and rold his maſter
of it, by whoſe commandment he made Alexicrates, Pyrrus chief Cup-bearer, to talk with Gelon
abour this praCtiſe, as though he had alſo given his conſentto it, and was willing to be partaker of
the enterprize. This did Pyrrus to have two Witneſſes, to prove the pretended poyſoning of him,
Thus Geloz being finely deceived, and Neoprolemws allo with him, both imagining they had cun-
ningly ſpun the thread of their treaſon : Neoptolemnus was ſo glad of it, that he could not keep
it himſelf, but told it to certain of his friends, And on a time going to be merry with his Siſter,
he could nor keep it in, but mwſt be pratling of it to her, ſuppoſing no body had beard him but her
ſelf, becauſe there was no living creature near them , ſaving Phenarera, Samons wife, the Kings
chief heardman of 31] his beaſts, and yer ſhe was laid upon alittle bed by, and turned towards the
wall : ſo that ſhe ſeemed as though the had ſlept. Bur having heard all their talk, and no body
miſtruſting her : the next morning ſhe went to eAntigona King Pyrrus wite, and told her every
. word what ſhe had heard Neoprolemus ſay to his Siſter. Pyrrus hearing this, made no countenance
Pyrrus ſlew
Neofprolemus,
Berenicida, a
Ciry of Epirus
in the 1ſle of
Preſque.
Pyrrus firſt
journey into
Macedon.
King Lyſuma-
chus craft rode-
ceive Pyrrus,
of any thing at that time: but having made ſacrifice unto the gods, he bad Neoprolemus to ſupper to
his houſe, where he ſlew him, being well informed before of the good will the chiefeſt men of the
Realm did bear him, who wiſhed him to diſpatch Neoprolemwus, and not to content himſelf with
a piece of Ey1Rrus onely, but to follow his natural inclination , being born to great things : and
for this cauſe, this ſuſpition alſo falling out in the mean while, he prevented Neoprolemus and
flew him firſt, And furthermore, remembring the pleaſures he had received of Prolomy and Bere-
nice, he named his firſt Son by his Wife eAntigona, Prolomy, and having built a City in the Pk x 5-
QUE, an Iſle of Ey1xus, did name it BEREnN1ciDa, When he had done that, imagining
Sreat matters in his head, but more in his hope, he firſt determined with himſelf how to win
that which lay neareſt unto him ; and ſo rook occaſion by this means, firſt to ſer foot into the
Empire of MactzDoNn. The eldeſt Son of {aſſarder, called eAntipater , put his own Mother
Theſſalonica to death, and drave his Brother Alexander out of his own Countrey, who ſent to De-
metrius for help, and called in Pyrrs alſo to his aid, Demetrius being troubled with other mat-
ters could not ſo quickly go thither. And Pyrras being arrived there, demanded for his charge
ſuſtained, the City of Ny mPH&A, with all the Sea coaſts of Mac tDo0N : and belſides all that, cer-
tain Lands alſo that were not belonging to the ancient Crown aud Revenues of the Kings of Ma-
CEDO N, but were added unto it by torce of Arms, as Ambracia, Acarnania, and Amphilochia. Ail
theſe, the young King Alexander leaving unto him, he took poſſeſſion thereof , and put good Gar-
riſons into the ſame in his own name: and conquering the reſt of MaczpoN in the name of
Alexander, put his Brother eAntipater to great diſtreſs, In the mean time King Lyſimachus lacking
no good will tro help A4ntipater with his force, but being buſied in other matters, had not the mean
to doit. Howbeit knowing very well that Pyrrus in acknowledging the great pleaſures he had
received of Ptolomy, would deny him nothing : he determined to write counterfeit Letters to him
in Prolomy's name, and thereby inſtantly to pray and require him to leave off the Wars begun
againſt eAntipater, and to take of him towards the defraying of his charges, the ſum of three hun-
dred Talents. Pyrrus opening the Letters, knew ſtraight that this was bur a fetch and device of Lyſ-
machus. For King Ptolomy's common manner of grecting of him, which he uſed at the beginning
of his Letters, was not in them obſerved ; To my Son Pyrras, health, Burt in thoſe counterfeit was,
King
TT x#AXR VS.
King Prolomy, unco King Pyrrxs health. Whereupon he preſently pronounced Lyſimach for a
naughty man : neverthelels, afterwards he made Peace with entipater, and they met together
at a day appcinted, to be ſworn upon the Sacrifices unto the Articles of peace. There were three
beaſts brought to be ſacrificed, a Goat, a Bull, and a Ram : of the which, the Ram fell down
dead of himlelf before he was rouched, whereat all the ſtanders by fell a laughing. But there was Theodorus
a Soothſayer, one Theodotus, that periwaded Pyrrus not to ſwear : ſaying that this ſign and to- J*4gemenr, «
ken of the gods did threaten one of the three Kings with ſudden death. For which cauſe Pyrrus *9baver-
concluded no peace. Now eAlexanders Wars being ended, Demetrius notwithſtanding came to
bim, knowing well enough at his coming that eAlexander had no more need of hisaid, and that
hedid it onely but to fear him. They had not been many days together , but the otie began
to miſtruſt the other, and to ſpy all che ways they could to intrap each other ; but Demerrins
embracing the firſt occaſion offered, prevented eAlexander, and (lew him being a young man, and
proclaimed himſelf King of Maczpox in his room. Now Demetrixs had certain quarrels Pyrris quarrei
before againſt Pyrrxs, becauſe he had over-run the Country of Tres s ALy : and furthermore, 994 war wich
greedy covetouſneſs ro have the more (which is a common vice with Princes and Noble men) 27%
made, that being ſo near neighbours, the one ſtood in fear and miſtruſt of the other, and yer
much imore after the death of Dezdamia, But now that they both occupied all Maczpo0n be-
tween them, and were to make diviſion of one ſelf Kingdom: now I fay began the matter and
occalion of quarrel to grow the greater between them, Whereupon Demerrius went with his
Army to. ſet upon the AT 0L1aNs, and having conquered the Countrey, left Panrauchus his Lieu- Pantauchus ,
tenant there with a great Army : and himſelf in perſon in the mean time marched againſt Pyrrus, Pememics |
and Pyrras on the other fide againſt him. They both mifſed of meeting, and Demetrius going on me oy
turther on the one fide, entred into the Realm of Ey1Rus, and brought a great ſpoil away VEE
with him $ Pyrrus on the other ſide marched on, till he came to the place where P antaxchus was. To
whom he gave battle, and it was valiantly fought out between the Souldiers of either party, bur
ſpecially between the two Generals, For doubtleſs Pantauchus was the valianteft Captain, the Pyrriis 6ghts
ſtouteſt man, and of the greateſt experience in Arms, of all the Captains and Souldiers Demetrius with Paniau-
had. Whereupon Pantaxchus truſting in his ſtrength and courage, advanced himſelf forwards, ©
and luſtily challenged the combat of Pyrrus. Pyrrus on the other fide being inferiour to no King
in valiantneſs, nor in defire ro wm honour , as he that would afcribe unto himſelf the glory of
eAchilles, more for the invitation of his valiancy , then for that he was deſcended of his blood ;
paſſed through the midſt of the battle unto the firſt rank, to buckle with Pantaxchnus. Thus *
they began to charge one another, firſt with their darts, and then coming nearer, fought with
their ſwords, not onely artificially, but alſo with great force and fury : untill fuch time as Pyrrus
was hurt in one place, and he hurt Pantauchus in two; the one near unto his throat, and the
other in his leg : ſoas in the end Pyrrus made him turn his back, and threw him to the ground,
but nevertheleſs killed him not. For, ſo ſoon as he was down, his men took him up, and carried Pyrrus vigory
him away. But the Er1roTs encouraged by the victory of their King, and the, admiration of of Pantauchus.
his valiantneſs, took to it ſo luſtily, that in the end they brake the battle of the Maczp0nian
footmen : and having put them to Rohr, followed them ſo lively, that they flew a great number
of them, and took five thouſand priſoners. This overthrow did not ſo much fill the hearts of the
MacEDONIANS With anger, for the loſs they had received, nor with the bate conceived againſt
Pyrrus : as it wan Pyrrys great fame and honour, making his courage and valiantneſs to be won-
dred at of all ſuch as were prefent at the battle that ſaw him fight, and how he laid about him,
For they thought that they ſaw in his face the very life and agility ot eflexander the Great, and the pryus likened
right ſhaddow as it were, ſhewing the force and fury of eAlexander himfelt in that fight. And to Alexander
where otaer Kings did but onely counterfeit eAlexander the Great in his purple garments, and the Grear.
in numbers of Souldiers and Guards about their perſons, and in a certain faſhion and bowing of
their necks a little, and in uttering their ſpeech with anhigh voice : Pyrrus onely was like unto him,
and followed him in his Martial deeds and valiant As. Furthermore, for his experience and kill P dill;
in- Warlike Diſcipline, the books he wrote himſelf thereof, do amply prove and make manifeſt, ainlick liſci-
Furthermore, they report, that King Antigonus being asked, whom he thought to be the greateſt pline.
Captain;i made anſwer, Pyrrus, fo far forth as he might live to be old, ſpeaking onely of the
Captains of his time, But Hannibal generally ſaid, Pyrrus was the greateſt Captain of experience xannivait
and $kill in Wars of all other, Scipio the ſecond, and himſelf the third : as we have written in the judgmear of +
Life of Scipio, So it ſeemeth that Pyrrus gave his whole life and ſtudy to the Diſcipline of Wars, <%P3"*
as that which indeed was Princely and meet for 4 King, making no reckoning of all other know-
ledge. And' furthermore touching this matter, they report that he being at a teaſt one day, a que-
ſtion was asked him, whom he thought to be the beſt player of the Flute, Python ar Cepheſsas :
whereunto he anſwered; that Polyperchon in his opinion was the beft Caprain, as if he would have Pyrruc wiſe
faid, that was the onely thing a Prince ſhould ſeek for, and which he ought chiefly to learn and anfver.
know, 'He was very gentle and familiar with his friends, eafie to forgive when any had offended ©1774! good-
him, and marvellous deſirous to requite and acknowledg any courteſte or pleaſure by hinv recei- a 7 _—
ved. And that was the caufe why he did very unpatiegtly take the death of «opus, not fo much *
tor his death ( which he knew was a common thing to every living creature ) as for that he was
oo with himfelf he had deferred the time ſo long, that cime it ſelf had cut him off fron all
9ccation and means to requite the courteſies he had rgceived of him; True it is, that money lent
| Fit 3 - may
336
PYRRVS.
Certain witty
——
may be repaid again unto the heirs of the lender ; but yet it grieveth an honeft nature, when he
cannot recompence the good will of the lender, of whom he hath received the good turn. Another
ſayingsof Py1= time Pyrrus being in the Ciry of AM BRACIA, there were certain of his friends that gave him coun-
743,
Pyrrus wives
and children,
Pyrrus called
an Eagle.
Pyyrus invae
dech Maccdon,
Demetrius Ar.
my both by
land and fea,
Demetrius
married Land/-
ſa Pyrrus wite,
Pyrrus dream,
ſel to puta naughty man out of the City, that did nothing but ſpeak ill of him, But he anſwered :
It is better (quoth he) to keep him here ſtill, ſpeaking ill of us but to a few, then driving him away, to
make him ſpeak ill of us every where, Certain youths were brought before him on a time, who making
merry together, drinking freely, were bold with the King to ſpeak their pleaſure of him in very un-
dutifull ſort. So, Pyrrus asking them whether it was true they ſaid ſo, or no : Itis true, and it pleaſe
your grace, ſaid oneof them, we ſaid it indeed, and had not our wine failed us, we had ſpoken a great
deal more. The King laughed at it, and pardoned them. After the death of «Antigona, he married
many Wives to encreaſe his power withall, and to get more friends, For he married the Daughter of
Autoleon King of P&0 N14, and Bzrcenna the Daughter of Bard:/ls King of ILLYR1a, and La-
naſſa the Daughter of Agathocles, Tyrant of Sy R a cus A, that brought him for her dower the Iſle of
CoR PHUE, which her Father had taken, By Ant:gona his firſt wife, he had a-Son called Ptolomy :
by Lanaſſa another called eAlexander : and by Bzrcenna, another (the youngeſt of all) called Hele-
71 : all which though they were martial men by race and natural inclination, yet were they brought
up by him in Wars, and therein trained as it were even from their cradle, They write, that one of his
ſons being but a boy, asked him one day, to which of them he would leave his Kingdom : Pyrras an(-
wered the boy, To him that hath the ſharpeſt ſword, That was much like the tragical curſe wherewith
Ocdipns curſed his children :
Let them (for me) divide, both goods, yea rents and land,
With trenchant ſword, and bloody blows, by force of mighty haud.
So cruell, hatefull, and beaftly is the nature of ambition and deſire of rule. Bur after this battle, Pyr.
74 returned home again to his Countrey full of honour and glory, his heart highly exalted, and his
mind throughly contented. And as at his return the Ee1RoTs his ſubjects called him an Eagle, he
anſwered them, If I be an Eagle, it is through you that I am ſo, for your weapons are the Kings wings
that raiſed meup. Shortly after, being advertiſed that Demetrius was faln fick, and in great danger
of death, he ſuddenly went into Ma c Don, onely to invade it, and to make prey thereof ; howbeic
he had indeed almoſt taken the whole Realm, and made himſelf Lord of all without troak ſtricken,
For he came as far asthe City of EDzss4, and found no reliſtance , but rather tothe contrary : many
of the countrey willingly came to this Camp, and ſubmitted themſelves. The danger Demetrius was
in to loſe his Realm, Tid move him more, then the diſeaſe and the ſickneſs of his body, And on the 0-
ther ſide, his friends, ſervants, and Captains, having gathered a great number of men of War together
in a marvellous ſhort time, marched with great ſpeed rowards Pyrrs, being earneſtly bent to do ſome
exploit againſt him : who being come into MAc£D0N but to make a road onely upon them, would not
tarry them, but fled, and flying loſt part of his men, becauſe the Mac £pox1 a Ns followed him hard,
and ſet upon him by the way. But now, though they had driven Pyrrs thus eaſily out of Mac tpox,
Demetrius for all that did notmake light account of him : but pretending greater things (as to recover
the Lands and Dominions of hisfather, with an Army of an hundred thouſand fighting men, and of five
hundred fail which he put to the Sca) would not ſtand ro make wars againſt Pyrrus, neither yet leave
the MAceDoONIANS (whilſt he was abſent) ſo dangerous a neighbour, and fo il] ro deal withall, But
lacking leiſure to make wars with Pyrrus, concluded a peace with him, to the end he might with the
more liberty ſet upon the other Kings. Thus now, the peace concluded betwixt Demetrius and Pyrrus,
the other Kings and Princes began to find out Demetrius intent, and =_ he had made ſo great prepa-
ration : and being afraid thereof, wrote unto Pyrr«s by their Ambaſſadors, that they wondered how
he could let go ſuch opportunity and occaſion, and to tarry till Demetrius might with beter leiſure
make wars upon him, And why he choſe rather to tarry and fight with him for the Altars, Temples,
Sepulchers of the Mo1Los $14 Ns, when he ſhould be of greater power, and have no wars elſewhere
totrouble him :; then now that he might eaſily drive him out of Mac :Don , having ſo many things in
hand, and being troubled as he was in other places. And conſidering alſo that very lately he had taken
one of his Wives from him, with the City of Co yxus, For Lanaſſa miſliking that Pyrrus loved
his other wives better than her (they being of a barbarous nation) gor her unto Cor PHus ;- and deſi-
ring to marry ſome other King ; ſent for Demetrius, knowing that he of all other Kings would ſooneſt
be won thereunto. Whereupon Demetrius went thither and married her, and left a garriſon in his
City of Cox yyus., Now theſe other Kings that did advertiſe Pyrras in this ſort, themſelves did
trouble Demetrius in the mean while : who trated time, and yet went on with his preparation not-
withſtanding. For onthe oneſide Prolomy entered Gr EEcE with a great Army by Sea, where be
cauſed the Cities to revolt againſt him : and Lyſmachys on the other ſide alſo, entring into high Ma-
CEDON by the countrey of THRAc14, burnt and ſpoiled all as he went, Pyrras alſo arming him-
ſelf with chem, went unto the City of B=xRot 4, imagining (as afterwards it fell out) that Demerrius
going againſt Lyſimachys , would leave all the low countrey of Mactpon naked without any
garriſon or defence, And the ſelf ſame night that Pyrrus departed, he imagined that King Alexander
the Great did call him, and alſo that he wentunto him, and found him ſick in his bed, of whom he bad
very good words and entertainment : inſo much as he promiſed to help him throughly, And Pyrr#s
imagined alſo that he was ſo bold to demand of him again : How ((my Lord) can you help me, that
lie ſick in your bed? and that Alexander madganſwer : With my name onely.. And that —_ p
enly
- P77 RIVLs 127
ſuddenly therewithall got up on his horſe ;/ca, and rode before Pyrrus to guide him the way, This
viſion he had in his dream, which made him bold, and furthermore encouraged him to go on with his
enterprize, By which occaſion, marching forward with all ſpeed, in few days he ended his intended
journey to the City of BERO ta, which ſuddenly he took ar his firſt coming to it : the moſt part of his rem fatemd
Army he layed jn Garriſon there, the reſidue he ſent away under the conduct ofahis Captains, here and journey inro
there, to conquer the Cities thereabouts, Demetrius having intelligence hereof, and hearing alſo an Maccdoe.
ill rumour that ran in his Camp amongſt the Mactpox1axs, durſt not lead any ſurther, for fear
leſt (when he ſhould come near to Lyſsmachxs, being a Mac tDoNn1a N King by nation, and a Prince
eſteemed for a famous Captain) they ſhould ſhrink trom him, and take Lyſimachus part : tor this
cauſe therefore he turned again upon the ſudden againſt Pyrrxs, as againſt a ſtrange Prince, and ill-
beloved of the MaczDoNitans, Bur when he came to encamp near him, many coming from Bz-
ROEA into his Camp, blew abroad the praiſes of Pyrrus, ſaying that he was a noble Prince, invinci-
ble in wars, and one that courteoully intreated all thoſe he took to his party : and amongſt thoſe, there
were other that were no natural Mac £00 N1ANS born, but ſet on by Pyrras, and fained themſelves
to be MACEDONIANS, who gave out, that now occaſion was offered to ſer them at liberty from De-
metrizz proud and ſtately rule, and to take King Pyrrxs part, that was a courteous Prince, and one
that loved Souldiers and men of War. Theſe words made the moſt part of Demetrius Army very
doubrfull, in ſo much as the Ma c£DoN1axs looked abont, to ſee if they could find out Pyrrxs to
yield themſelves unto him, He had at thar preſent left off his head-piece : by means whereof, perceiv-
ing he was not known, he pur it on again, and then they knew him afar off, by the fight of his goodly
fair plume, and the Goats horns which he carried on the rop of his creſt, Whereupon there came a
great number of MACEDONIANS to his part, as unto their Soveraign Lord and King, and requi-
red the watchword of him. Other put garlands of Oaken boughs about their heads, becauſe they faw
his men crowned after that ſort. And ſome were ſo boldalſo, as to goto Demerrixs himſelf, and tell
him, that in their opinions he ſhould do very well and wiſely to give place to fortune, and refer all
unto Pyrrus, Demetrius hereupon, _ his Camp in ſuch uproar, was ſo amazed, that he knew not
what way to take,but ſtole away ſecretly,diſguiſed in a threadbare cloak and a hood on his head to keep
him from knowledge. Pyrrus forthwith ſeifed upon his Camp, took all that he found, and was pre-
{ently proclaimed in the field, King of MaczxDONn. Lyſwmachus on the other fide, came ſtraight thi- PRI EIS
ther after him, and ſaid that he had holpen to chaſe Demerrixs out of his Realm, and therefore claim- cited King
ed half the Kingdom with him, Wherefore Pyrrus not truſting the Mac £20 x1ANs too far as yet, but of Macedon.
rather ſtanding in doubt of their faith ; granted Lyſimachus his defire, and thereupon divided all the
Cities and Provinces of the Realm of Mac tDoN between them. This partition was profitable for Macedon divi-
them both at that preſent, and ſtood then to good purpole to pacifie the war, that otherwiſe might ſud- _ — :
denly have riſen between them. But ſhortly after, they found that this partition was no end of their en- Sc os
mity, but rather a beginning of quarrel and diſſention between them, For they whole avarice and unſa- 'Coverouſneſs
tiable greedy appetite, neither the ſea, the mountains, nor the unhabitable deſerts could contain,nor yet hath no end.
the confines that ſeparate As1 a from Euro et determine : how ſhould they be content with their own,
without uſurping others, when their frontiers joyn ſo near together, that nothing divides them ? Sure it
is not poſſible. For to ſay truly, they are willingly together by the ears, having theſe two curſed things
rooted in them : that they continually ſeek occaſion how to ſurprize each other, and either of chem en-
vies his neighbors well doing. Howbeit in appearance they uſe theſe rwo terms of peace and wars, as
they do money : uſing it as they think good, not according to right and juſtice, but for their private pro-
ft, And truly they are men of far greater honeſty, that make open war, and avow it, then thoſe that
diſguiſe and colour the delay of their wicked purpoſe, by the holy name of juſtice or friendſhip : which
Pyrrus did truly then verifie. For deſiring to keep Demerrius down from riſing another time, and Pyryne aided
that he ſhould revive again, as eſcaped from a long dangerous diſeaſe : he went ro aid the GrE c1- _—
ANS againſt him,and was at ATHE Ns, where they ſuffered him to come into the caſtle, and to do ſa- = _
crifice unto the goddeſs eHinerva. Burt coming out of the caſtle again the ſame day, he told the © © *
ATHENIANS. he wasgreatly beholding unto them for their courteſie, and. the great truſt they had
repoſed in him : wherefore to requite them again, he gave them counſel], never ro ſuffer Prince nor
King from thenceforth to enter into their City, if they were wiſe, nor once open their gates unto them.
So after that he had made Peace with Demetrius, who within ſhorr time being gone to make wars in
AS1a, Pyrrus yet once again (perſwaded thereunto by Lyſimachs) cauſed all THESSALY to riſe
againſt him, and went himlelf to ſer upon thoſe Garriſons which Demerrizs had left in the Cities of
GREECE, liking better to continue the MAc:DoNI1ans in War, then to leave them in Peace : be-
fides that, himſelf alſo was of ſuch a nature, as could not long continue in peace, Demerrixs thus in ;
the end being utterly overthrown inSyR1a, Lyſimachus ſeeing himſelf free from fear on that fide, ys,
and being at good leiſure, as having nothing to trouble him otherways, went ſtraight ro make war —
upon Fyrrus, who then remained near unto the City 0; EDts 54, and meeting by the way with the TY
convoy of victuals:,coming towards him, ſet upon the conducters, and rifled them wholly. By
this means, firſt he diſtreſſed Pyrrus for want of viRtuals : then he corrupted the Princes of MAC E-
DON With Letters and Meſſengers ; declaring unto them, what ſhame they ſuſtained to bave made a
ſtranger their King (whoſe anceſtors had ever been their vaſſals and ſubjeRts) and to have rurned all
thoſe out of Maczpon, that had been familiar friends of King eAlexander the Great, Many of the
MAcEDONIANS were won by theſe perſwaſions : which fat ſo feared Pyrrus, that he departed
out of Mac'tbo x with his men of War, the Erin s, and other his confederates : and 4” 5a
MA -
Pyrrus praiſes.
How Preis
were his heade
PIece,
Peace and war,
uſed like mony
226 EFVKRNRVS
_—_———
MACEDON by the (elf ſame means he wan it. Kings and Princes therefore muſt not blame ptivate
men, though they change and alter ſome time for their profit : for therein they do but follow the ex-
ample of Princes, who teach them all diſloyalty, treaſon, and infidelity, judging him moſt worthy of
4in, thar leaſt obſerveth juſtice and equity. So Pyrrus being come home again to his Kingdom of E-
PIRUsS, forſaking Mac £D0 N altogether, Fortune made him happy enough, and indeed he had good
means to live peaceably at home, without any trouble, if he could have contented himſelf onely with
the ſoveraignty over his own natural ſubjects, But thinking, that if he did neither hurt other, nor that
other did hurt him, he could not tell how to ſpend his time, and by peace he ſhould pine away for ſor-
row, as Homer ſaid of Achilles : :
He languiſhed and pin'd by taking eaſe andreſt :
And in the wars where travell was, he livedever beſt.
And thus ſeeking matter of new trouble, Fortune preſented him this oceafion, About this time the Ro=
MANS by chance made war with he TARENTI1NEs, who could neither bear their force, nor yer de-
The Tarentines viſe how to pacifie the ſame, by reaſon of the raſhneſs, folly, and wickedneſs of their governours,
having War who perſwaded themto make Pyrrus General, and to ſend for him for to conduct theſe wars : becauſe
with = K0- he was leſs troubled at that time, then any of the other Kings about them, and was eſteemed of every
= 120-5 man alſo to be a noble Souldier, and famous Captain. The Elders and wiſe men of the City, utterly
King Pyrrus Milliked that council ; but ſome of them were put to ſilence, through the noiſe and fury of the people,
their General. who cryed for wars. Some other ſeeing them checked, and taken up by the multitude in this manner,
Metoncounter- yrgyld no more repair to their common Aſſemblies, Among the reſt there was one Meton, an honeſt
—_ 06 nog worſhipfull Citizen, who when the day was come that the people ſhould conclude in Council the De-
' fed the Taren- Cree for the calling in of Pyrrus : all the people of Tar tnTun being aſſembled, and ſer inthe Thea-
zincs notto ter, this 2ſeron put an old withered Garland of flowers upon his head, and carrying a Torch in his
ſend for Pyrrus hand as though he had been drunk, and having a woman Minſtrel before him playing on a pipe,
O__ * went dancing in this goodly aray through the midſt of the whole Aſſembly, And there (as it happen-
ny 1797 eth commonly in every hurly burly of people that will be Maſters themſelves, and where no good or-
der is kept) ſome of them clapped rheir hands, other burſt out in a laughter, and every man ſuffered
him to do what he liſt : but they all cryed out to the woman Minſtrel, to play and ſpare not, and to
Meton himſelf, that he ſhould ſing and come forward. So Meron made ſhew as though he prepared
himſelf unto it : and when they had given ſilence to hear him ſing, he ſpake unto them with a loud voice
Metons counſel i this manner : My Lords of TaREN Tun, yedo wellſure, not to forbid them to play and to be
roche Taren- merry that are ſo diſpoſed, whilſt they may lawfully do it : and if you be wiſe every of you alſo (as
Fines, many as you be) will take your liberty whilſt you may enjoy ir. For when King Pyrrs ſhall be in this
City, you ſhall live I warrant you after another fort, and not as ye now do, Theſe words of Aron
moved many of the TARENT1NEs, and ſuddenly there ran a rumour through all the Aſſembly, thar
he had ſaid truly, But they that had offended the Ro mans, fearing if peace were made, that they
ſhould be delivered into their hands, they checked the people, asking them if they were ſuch fools , as
would abide to be mocked and played withall to their teeth : and with thoſe words all ran upon Metor
TheT4rcxtines and drave him out of the Theatre. The Decree thus confirmed by voices of the people,they ſent Ambaſ-
ſend Ambaſſa. ſadors into Ee1Rus, tocarry preſents unto King Pyrrus, not onely from the TARENT1NEs, but
dors to Pyrrus. from other GREC1ANS alſo that dwelt in IT ALy, ſaying that they ſtood in need of a wiſe and skil-
full Captain, that was reputed famous in Martial Diſcipline, And as to the reft, for numbers of good
Souldiers, they had men enough in ITAL, and were able to bring an Army into the Field, of the
Lucanians, the MESSAPIANS, the SAMNITES, and TARENTINES, of twenty thouſand horſe,
and three hundred thouſand footmen being all Aſſembled together, Theſe words of the Ambaſſadors
did not onely lift up Pyrrus heart, but made the Ey1RoT s alſo marvellous defirous to go this jour-
Cineas the O.. EY. There was in King Pyrrus Court one Cineas THES SALIAN, 2 man of great underſtanding,
rator, a Theſſz- and that had been 'Demoſthenes the Orators Scholer, who ſeemed to be the onely man of all other in his
lian born, and time in common reputation, to be moſt Eloquent, following the lively image and ſhadow of Demoſthe-
arcending in ye, paſting Eloquence, This Cineas, Pyrrus ever entertained about him, and ſent him Ambaſſador to
Pyrris COU the People and Cities thereabouts : where he verrified Exripides words :
As much as trenchant blades, in mi guy band may do,
So much can (hill of Eloquence, atcheve and conquer to.
And therefore Pyrr43 would often ſay, that C:ineas had won him more Towns with his Eloquence,
than he himſelf had done by the Sword : for which he did greatly honour and employ him in all his
Cincas grave chief affairs. Cineas perceiving that Pyrrus was marvellouſly bent to theſe Wars of IT aL, find-
ealk with Pyr- ing him one day atleiſure, diſcourſed with him in this ſort : It is reported, and it pleaſe your Ma-
rksro moderate jeſty, that the Romans are very good men of War, and that they command many valiant and
his ambitious warlick Nations : if it pleaſe the gods we do overcomethem, what benefit ſhall we have of that Vi-
: Rory? Pyrrus anſwered him again, Thou doſt ask me a queſtion that is manifeſt of it felf : for
when we have once overcome the Romans, there can neither GREc1AN nor barbarous of
in all the Countrey withſtand us, but we ſhall ſtraight Conquer all-the reſt of IT a Ly with eaſe, whole
Greatneſs, Wealth, and Power, no man knoweth better than my ſelf, C:neas pauſing a while, re-
plied : And when we have taken ITALY, what ſhall we do then ?- Pyrrus not finding bis
meaning yet, ſaid untohim : S1c1L1A, as py is hard joyning to it, and doth as it were
offer it felf unto us, and -is a marvellous populMs and rich Land, and caſte to be taken ; for - the
ies
to ſul
them
— — -
” 1 R "% {0, \x 337
Dn IE —_— -<pn—_—s
O—_—_n_G —” — — ————_— ——_—___ _———_— __ _ ————_——
Cities within the Iſland are one againſt another, having no head that governs them fince A carho-
cles died, more then Orators onely that are their Countellors, who will ſoon be won. Indeed it is Fyrrus judge.
likely which your Grace ſpeaketh, quoth Cizeas : but when we have won S1c1L14, will then our Tn cf Ora-
wars take end ? If the gods were plealed, ſaid Pyrras, that the Vietory were atchieved, the woy. "I cuprion
werethen broad open for us to attain great conqueſts, For who would not afterwards go into A-
FRICK, and ſo to CARTHAGE, which allo will be an eafte conqueſt, ſince Agarhocles ſecretly flying
from SYRAcu$A, and having paſſed the Seas with a few Ships, bad almoſt taken it > And thar
once conquered, it is moſt certain there durſt not one of all our enemies that now do daily vex and trou-
ble us, lift up their heads or hands againſt us, No ſurely, ſaid Cineas ; for it is a clear cafe, that with
ſo great a power we may eaſily recover the Realrp of Mac tpo x again, and command all Gzztct
belides, without let of any. But when we have all in our hands, what ſhall we do in the end 2 Then
Pyrrw laughing, told him again : We will then (good Cineas) be quiet, and take our eaſe, and make
feaſts every day, and be as merry one with another as we can poſlible. Cineas having brought him to
that point, ſaid aagin to him : My Lord, what letteth us now to be quiet and merry together, fich we
enjoy that preſently without further travell and trouble, which we will now go ſeek for abroad, with
ſuch ſhedding of blood, and ſo manifeſt danger ? and yer we know not whether ever we ſhall attain
unto it, after we have both ſuffered, and cauſed others to ſuffer infinite ſorrows and trouble, Theſe laſt
words of Cineas, did rather offend Pyrrs, then make him to alter his mind : for he was not ignorant
of the happy ſtate he ſhould thereby torgo, yet could he not leave off the hope of that he did 10 much 2 one
deſire. So he ſent Cineas before unto the TARENTINES, with three thouſand footmen : and Ran} che Prin-
afterwards the TARENT1NES having ſent him greac ſtore ot flat-bottoms, Galleys, and of all ces mind-
ſorts of paſſengers, he ſhipped into them twenty Elephants, three thouſand horſemen, and wo and
twenty thouſand footmen, with five hundred bowmen and flings. All which thus ready, he weighed 777% journey
Anchors, and hoiſed ſails, and was no ſooner in the main ſea, butthe North wind blew very rough- Is « m_ Gy
ly, out of ſeaſon, and dravehim to Leeward. Notwithſtanding the ſhip which he was in himlelf, b eaiben
by great toil of the Pilots and Marriners turning to windward, and with much ado, and marvellous the ſea.
dangers recovered the coaſt of ITALY. Howbeit the reſt of his Fleet were violently diſperſed here
and there, whereof ſome of them failing in their courſe to ITaLy, were caſt into the Seas of
LyR1a and S1c1t1a. The other not able to recover the point of ApuL1 a, were benighted, and
the Sea being high wrought, by violence caſt them upon the ſhore, and againſt the rocks, and
made ſhip-wracks of them, the Admiral onely reſerved , which through her ſtrength, and the
greatneſs of her burthen, reſiſted the force of the Sea that moſt violently beat againſt her. Bur
afterwards, the wind turning and coming from, the land, the Sea cruelly raging over the height of
her fore-caſtle, in fine brought her in manifeſt perill ot opening, and fplicting, and in danger to
be driven from the Coaſt, putting her out again to the mercy of the winds , which changed e-
yery hour, Wherefore Pyrrus caſting the perill every way , thought beſt to leap into the Sea,
After him forchwith leapt his Guard, his Servants, and other his familiar Friends, venturing their
lives to ſave him. Burt the darkneſs of the night, and rage of the waves (which the ſhore break-
ing, forced ſo to rebound back upon them) with the great noiſe alſo, did ſo hinder their ſwim-
ming, that it was even day before they could recover any Land, and yer was it by means that the
wind fell, As for Pyrrus, he was ſo Sea-beaten, and wearied with the waves, that he was able to
do no more: though of himſelf he had ſo great q heart and ſtout a courage, as was able to over-
come any peril. Moreover, the MEsSAP1Aa Ns (upon whoſe Coaſt the ſtorm had caft him) ran Pyrrus caſt on
Out to help him , and diligently laboured in all they could poſlible ro fave him, and received ſbore upon the
alſo certain of his Ships that had ſcaped, in which were a few horſemen , about two thouſand —_— of the
footmen, and two Elephants. With this ſmall force, Pyrrus marched on his journey to go by xerer
land unto TaRENTUM : and Cineas being advertiſed of his coming, went with his men to meet received of the
him. Now when he was come to TaRE NTun, at the firſt he would do _— by force, nor a- Terentines, re-
gainſt the good will of the inhabitants : untill ſuch time as his Ships that had eſcaped the dangers formed _
of the Sea, were all arrived, and the greateſt part of his Army come together again, Bur when he Vu" Lanupi
had all his Army he looked for, ſeeing that the people of TaxtExTum could neither ſave them- Y
ſelves, nor be ſaved by any other, without ſtraight order and compulſion , becauſe they made
their reckoning that Pyrrus ſhould fight for them , and in the mean time they would not ſtir
out of their houſes from bathing themſelves, from banquerting, and making good chear : firſt of
all he cauſed all the Parks and places of ſhew to be ſhut up, where they were wont to walk and
diſport themſelves, in any kind of exerciſe, and as they walked to talk of wars as it were in paſtime,
and to fight with words, but not to come to the blows. And further he forbad all feaſtings, mum-
meries, and ſuch other like pleaſures, as at that time were out of ſeaſon. He trained them out alſo xqartial Diſcis
to exerciſe their weapons, and ſhewed himſelf very ſevere in muſters, not pardoning any whole pline.
names were billed to ſerve in the Wars : inſomuch as there were many ( which unacquainted
with ſuch rough handling and Government) forſook the City altogether, calling it a bondage, not
to have liberty to live at their pleaſure. Furthermore, Pyrrxs having intelligence that Levine the ey”
Rowmax Conſull came againſt him with a great puiffant Army, and that he was already entred ful ſenc again
into the land of LucaN1a, where he deſtroyed and ſpoiled all the countrey betore him ; albeit p,yus.
the TARENTINES aid of their Confederates, was not as yet come, he thought it a great ſhame
t0 luſter his enemies approach ſo near him, and — taking that ſmall number he had, broughr
them into the Field againft Levinys, Howbeit he Mt an Herauld before to the Romans, to
un-
—
330
"PIASIKVS
Pyrrus camped
inthe plain be-
eween Pandoſea
and Heraclca,
Siri fl.
Pyrrus battle.
Pyrrus firſt
conflict with
the Romans.
Pyrrus wildom
and foreſight
in bart'e,
Pyrrus chang-
ed his Armour
and cloak,
Megacles ſlain,
taken for Pyr-
TUS,
Pyrrus vitiory
of Levinus the
Conſul.
underſtand of them, if (before they entred into this war) they could be content the controverſics
they had with all the Gxtc1ans dwelling in ITALY , might be decided by juſtice, and therein 10
reter themſelves td his arbirrement, who of himſelf would undertake the pacification of them. Where.
unto the Conſul Levin made anſwer, thatthe Roma Ns would never allow him for 2 Judge, nei-
ther did they fear him for an enemy. Wherefore Pyrr:4 going on ſtill, came to lodge in the plain
which is between the Cities of PanDos1a, and of HERACLEa : and having news brought him
that the Romans were encamped very near unto him on the other fide of the Kiver of S1R1s, he
rook his horſe, and rode to the Rivers fide to view their Camp. So having throughly conſidered the
form, the ſituation, and the order of the ſame, the manner of charging their watch, and all their
faſhions of doing, he wondred much thereat, And ſpeaking to Megacles, one of his familiars about
him, he ſaid, This order Megacles (quothhe) though it be of barbarous people, yet it is not barba-
rouſly done, but we ſhall ſhortly prevetheir force, After he had thus taken his view, he began ro be
more carefull then he was before, and purpoſed to tarry till the whole aid of their Confederates were
come together, leaving men at the Rivers fide of S1R1s, to keep the paſſage, if the enemies ventured
ro paſs over, asthey did indeed, For they made haſt to prevent the aid that 7-yrrs looked for, and
paſſed their footmen over upon a Bridge, and their horſemen had divers Fords of the River : inſo-
much as the GRECIANS fearing leſt they ſhould be compaſſed in behind, drew back. Pyrrus ad-
vertiſed thereof, and being alittle troubled therewithall, commanded the Captains of his foorrnen pre.
ſently to put their bands in battle ray, and not to ſtir till they knew his pleaſure : and he himſelf in the
mean time marched on with three thouſand horſe, in hope to find the Roma xs by the River ſide, as
yet out of order, and utterly unprovided. But, when he ſaw afar off a great number of footmen
with their Targets ranged in battle, on this ſide the River, and their horſemen marching towards
him in very good order : he cauſed his men to joyn cloſe rogether, and himſelf firſt began the charge
being eaſte to be known from other, if ir had been no more but his paſſing rich gliſtering Armour
and Furniture, and withall, for that his valiant deeds gave manifeſt proof ot his well deſerving fame
and renown, For, though he valiantly beſtirred his hands and body both, repulſing them he en-
countered withall in fight, yer he forgat not himſelf , nor neglected the judgment and foreſight
which (hould never be wanting in a General of an Army : but as though he had not {ought at all,
quietly and diſcreetly gave order for every thing, riding to and fro, to detend and encourage his men
in thoſe places, where he ſaw them 1n moſt diſtreſs. But even in the hotteſt of the battle, Leonatus
Ma CcEDONIAN ſpied an ITALIAN a man of Arms, that followed Pyrrus up and down where
he went, and ever kept in manner of even hand with him, to ſet upon him, Wherefore he ſaid to
Pyrrus : My Lord, do you not ſee that barbarous man there upon a Bay horſe with white feet ? Sure
he looketh as though he meant to do ſome notable feat and miſchief with his own hands : for his
eye is never off you, but waiteth onely upon you, being ſharp ſet to deal with your ſelf and none
other, and therefore take heed of him. Pyrrus anſwered him, It is impoſlible Zeonarus, for a man
to avoid his deſtiny :* but neither he nor any other ITAL1aN whatſoever, ſhall have any joy to
deal with me. And asthey were talking thus of the matter, the ITAL1AN taking his Spear in
the middeſt, and ſetting ſpurs to his horſe, charged upon Pyrrs, and ran his horſe through and
through with the ſame, Leonatzs at the ſelf fame inſtant ſerved the ITA11AaNs horſe in thelike
manner, ſo as both their horſes fell'dead to the ground. Howbeit Pyrrzs men that were about him,
ſaved him preſently, and flew the ITar1Aan inthe field, although he fought it out right valiantly.
The ITar1ans name was Oplacus, born in the City of FexRExNTum, and was Captain of a band
of men of Arms. This miſchance made King Pyrras look the better ro himſelf afterwards, and ſee-
ing his horſemen give back, ſent preſently to haſten his footmen forward, whom he ſtraight ſer in or-
der of battle : and delivering his Armour and cloak to one of his familiars called Megacles, and be-
ing hidden as it were in 2egacles Armour, returned again to the battle againſt the Roma x8,
who valiantly reſiſted him, 10 that the vi&ory depended long in doubt : for it is ſaid, thar both the
one {ide and the other did chaſe, and was chaſed, above ſeven times in that conflit. The changing of
the Kings Armour ſerved very well for the ſatery of his own perſon, howbeit it was like to bave mar-
red all, and to have made him loſe the field. For many of his enemies ſet upon Megacles, that wore the
Kings Armour : and the party that flew him dead, and threw him ſtark to the ground, was one Dex:
by name, who quickly ſnatched off his head-piece, took away his cloak, and ran to ' Levinus the
Conſul, crying out aloud, that he had ſlain Pyrrus, and withall ſhewed forth the ſpoils he (uppoled
to have taken from him, Which being carried about through all the Bands, and openly ſhewed
from hand to hand, made the Romans marvellons joyfull, and the Gr tc1ans on the contrary,
both afear'd and right ſorrowtull : untill ſuch time as Pyrrus hearing of it, went and paſſed along
all his Bands bare headed, and bare faced, holding up his hand to his fouldiers, and giving them to
underſtand with his own voice, that it was himſelf, The Elephants in the end were they indeed
that won the battle, and did moſt diſtreſs the Romans : for, their horſes ſeeing them
afar off, were ſore afraid, and durſt not abide them , bur carried their maſters back in deſpite
of them, Pyrrus at the fight thereof, made his THESSAL1AN horſemen to give charge up"
them whilſt they were in this diſorder, and that ſo luftily, as they made the Romans By, 1
ſuſtain great ſlaughter. For Dionyſus writerh , that there died few leſs, then fifteen thouſand
RomaANSs at that battle. But Hieronymus ſpeaketh onely of ſeven thouland. And of Pyrrits
ſide, Dionyſus writeth, there were ſlain gihrteen thouſand. But Hieronymas faith, leſs then four
thouſand : howbeit they were all of the men of his Army, and thoſe whom he moſt _
ins
PYRRVS.
339
King Pyrrus preſently hereupon alſo rook the Romans Camp, which they forſook, and wan
many of their Cities from their alliance, ſpoiled and overcame much of their Countrey. In ſo much
as he came within fix and thirty miles of RomE, whither came to his aid, as contederates of the
TARENTINES , the LucaN1AaNs, and SAMNITES, whom he rebuked becauſe they came
r00 late to the battle, Howbeit a man might eaſily fee in his face, that he was not a little glad
and proud to have overthrown ſo great an Army of the Romans with his own men , and the
aid of the TaREnNTI1NEs onely. On the other fide, the Roma ws hearts were ſo great, that
they would not depoſe Levinzs trom his Conſulſhip, notwithſtanding the loſs he had received : and
{as Fabricius ſaid openly, that they were not the Ey1rxoTs that had overcome the Roma ws,
but Pyrrus had overcome Levinus : meaning thereby , that this overthrow chanced unto them,
more through che ſubrilry and wiſe conduction of the General, then through the valiant feats and
worthineſs of his Army. And hereupon they ſpeedily ſupplied cheir Legions again that were di-
miniſhed, with other new ſouldiers in the dead mens place, and Levied a freſh force beſides, ſpeak-
ing bravely and fiercely of this War, like men whoſe hearts were nothing appalled. Whereat Pyr-
74s marvelling much, thought good firſt to ſend to the Romans, to prove if they would give
any car to an offer of peace, knowing right well that the winning of the City of Rome was no
cable matter to compaſs vr attain, with chat itrength he preſently had : and alſo that it would be great-
ly to his glory, if he could bring them to peace after this valiant Victory. And hereupon he ſent
Cineas to Rome, who ſpake with the chieteſt of the Ciry, and offered Preſents to them and their
Wives, in the behalf of the King his Maſter. Howbeit, neither man nor woman would receive any
at his hands, but anſwered all with one voice, That if the peace might be general to all, they all pri-
vately would be at the Kings commandment, and would be glad of his friendſhip. Moreover , when
{ineas had talked in open Audience before the Senate, of many courteous offers, and had delivered
them profitable capitulations of peace: they accepted none, nor ſhewed any afteion to give ear
unto them, although he offered co deliver them their Priſoners home again withour ranſom, chas
had been raken at the bartle, and promiſed alſo to aid them in the conqueſt of It ary, requi-
ring no vther recompence at their hands, ſaving their good wills onely to his Maſter , and afſu-
rance for the TaReNTINEs, that they ſhould not be annoyed for any thing paſt, without de-
mand of other matter, Nevertheleſs in the end , when they had heard thele offers, many of
the Senators yielded, and were willing to make peace ; alledging that they had already loſt a
great batrle, and now they looked for a greater, when the force of the Confederates of ITALY,
ſhould joyn together with King Pyrrxs Power, But eApprns (landins, a famous man, who
came no more to the Senate, nor dealt in matters of State at all by reaſon of his age, and partly
becauſe he was blind, when he underſtood of King Pyrrus ofters , and of the common bruit that
ran through the City, how the Senate were in mind to agree to the capitulations of peace
propounded by Cineas, he could not abide, but cauſed his ſervants to carry him in his Chair upon
their arms unto the Senate door , his Sons, and Sons in Law taking him in their arms, car-
ried him into the Senare houſe. The Senate made filence to honour the coming in of ſo nota-
ble and worthy a perſonage ; and he ſo ſoon as they had fet him in his ſeat, began to ſpeak in
this ſort : ©** Hitherunto with great impatience (my Lords of Roz ) have I bourn the loſs
* of my ſight, but now, Iwould I werealſodeafas 1 am blind, that I might not (as I do) hear
*the report of your diſhonourable conſultations determined upon in Senate, which tend to ſub-
* vert the glorious fame and reputation of Rome. What is now become of all your great and
< mighty brags you blazed abroad through the whole world ? That if «Alexander the great him-
*ſelt had come into ITALY, in the time that our Fathers had been in the flower of their age, and
*we inthe prime of our youth, they would not have ſaid every where that he was altogether in-
© vincible , as now at this preſent they do : but either he ſhould have leſt his body lain here in
© battle , or at the leaſtwiſe have been driven to fly, and by his death or flying ſhould greatl
© have enlarged the renown and glory of Rome, You plainly ſhew it now , that all theſe
* words ſpoken then, were but vain and arrogant vaunts of fooliſh pride : conſidering that you
* tremble for fear of the MoLOSs1ans and CHAON1aNs, who were ever a prey to the MA-
** CEDONIANS : and that yeare afraid of Pyrrus alſo, who all his life time ſerved and followed one
© of the guard unto eAlexander the Great, and now is come to make wars in theſe parts, not to aid
*the GREC1ANS inhabiting in ITALY, but ro fly from his enemies there about his own Country,
* offering you to conquer all the reft of IT a1.y with an Army, wherewith he was nothing able to
© keep a ſmall part of MAcEDon onely for himſelf. And therefore you muſt nor perſwade your
"* ſelves, that in making peace with him, you ſhall thereby be rid of him : bur rather (hall you draw
© others to come and ſer upon you beſides. For they will utterly deſpiſe you, when they ſhall hear ye
*are ſo eaſily overcome, and that you have ſuffered Pyrrus to eſcape your hands, before you made
** him feel the juſt reward of his bold preſumptuous attempt unto you : carrying with him for a
* further hire, this advantage over you : that he hath given a great occaſion both to the SaunirTes,
*and TARENTI1Nts, hereafter to mock and deride you. After that eAppizs had told this ale
unto the Senate, every one through the whole Afffembly, deſtred rather War then Peace, They dif-
patched Cineas away thereupon with this anſwer, that if Pyrrus ſought the Romans friend-
thip, he firſt muſt depart out of ITaLy, and then ſend unto thera to treat of Peace : but ſo long as
he remained there with his Army, the Roma Ns would make War upon him; with all the force
and power they could make , yea although be hag over:brown and ſlain ren thouſand ſuch
Cap»
Cineas (ent
Ambaſſador :&
Rome.
The Noble
mind of the
Romans,
Appius Clauds-
us difſwaded
the Romans
from making
peace with
Pyrrus.
Appius Claudi.
us Orationto
the Senate.
es — "”— —
we ” = «4
"340 ”" "PIRROS
—
Caprains as Levinus was, They ſay that (3neas, during the time of his abode at Row E, intreat-
ing for their peace, did curiouſly labour to conſider and underſtand the manners, order, and life of the
| Romans, and their Commonweal, diſcourſing thereof with the chiefeft men of the City : and
how afterwards he made ample report of the ſame unto Pyrrus: and rold him amongſt other things
The Majeſty of that the Senate appeared to him, a Council-houſe of many Kings. And furthermore (tor the number
the Senareof of people) that he feared greatly they ſhould fight againſt ſuch a Serpent, as that which was in old
Rome. time in the Marſhes of Lex Ne, of which, when they had cut off onethead, ſeven other came UP in
the place : becauſe the Conſul Levinzs had now levied another Army, twice as great as the firſt was
and had left at ROME alſo, many times as many good able men to carry Armour. After this, there
C:ius Fabrici- Were ſent Ambaſſadors from Rome unto Pyrras, and amongſt other, {ins Fabricius, touching the
us Ambaſſzdor ſtate of Priſoners. Cineas told the King his Maſter, that this Fabricius was one of the Sreateſt
to Pyrrus. men of account in ROME, a right honeſt man, a good Captain, and a very valiant man of his hands,
TING een yer poor indeed he was notwithſtanding. - Pyrrus taking him ſecretly aſide, made very much of him,
OS ws and amongſt other things, offered him beth Gold and Silver, praying him to take it, not for any diſ-
in, Y a . , ,
poor. honeſt reſpe& he meant rowards him, but onely for a pledge of good will and friendſhip that ſhould
F abrict#s re- be between them. Fabricius would have none of his gift : ſo Pyrrus left him for that time. Notwith-
fuled _ ſtanding the next morning, thinking to fear him, becauſe he had never ſeen Elephant before, Pyrr,;
Eyrrus Sits. commanded his men, that when they ſaw Fabricius and him talking together, they ſhould bring one of
his greateſt Elephants, and ſet him bard by them, behind a hanging : which being done, at a certain
ſign by Pyrrus given, ſuddenly the hanging was pulled back, and the Elephant with his Trunk was
over Fabricius head, and gave a terrible and fearfull cry, Fabricius ſoftly giving back, nothing
afraid, laughed, and ſaid to Pyrrs (miling : Neither did your Gold ( Oh King ) yeſterday move
me, nor your Elephant to day fear me. Furthermore, whilft they were at Supper, falling in talk
of divers matters, ſpecially touching the State of GrzEcE, and the Philoſophers there : Cineas
The opinion of by chance ſpake of E y1curus, and rehearſed the opinions of the Eyrcurea Ns touching the
the Epicurezns gods and Government of the Commonwealth , how they placed mans chief felicity in pleaſure,
touching fcli-= how they fled from all Office and Publick charge, as from a thing that hindereth the fruition of
"Y true felicity : how they maintained that the gods were immortal, neither moved with pity nor
anger, and led an idle life full of all pleaſures and delights, without taking any regard of mens do-
ings. But as he ſtill continued this diſcourſe , Fabricius cryed out aloud, and ſaid : The gods
rant that Pyrrus and the SAMNITES were of ſuch opinions, as long as they had Wars a-
Sainſt us, Pyrrus marvelling much at the conſtancy and magnanimity of this man, was more de-
firous a great deal to have Peace with the ROMaNs , than before. And privately prayed Fa-
bricius very earneſtly, that he would Treat for Peace, whereby he might afterwards come and re.
main with him : ſaying, that he would give him the chief place of honour about him, amongſt all
his friends. Whereunto Fabris: anſwered him ſoftly : That were not good (Oh King) for your
ſelf, quoth he : for your men that preſently do honour and eſteem you, by experience if they once
knew me, would rather chuſe me for-their King, then your ſelf. Such was Fabricius talk, whoſe
words Pyrrus took not in ill part, neither was offended with them at all, as a Tyrant would have
been : but did himſelf report to his friends and familiars the noble mind he found in him, and deli-
vered him upon his faith onely, all the Rom a priſoners : to the-end that if the Senate would not
agree unto Peace, they might yet ſee their friends and keep the feaſt of Sxrrn with them, and then
to ſend them back again unto him, Which the Senate eſtabliſhed by decree, upon pain of death to
King Provar all ſuch as ſhould not perform the ſameaccordingly. Afterwards Fabricius was choſen Conſul, and
Phyfcian wri- as hewas in his Camp, there came a man to him that brought him a Letter from King Pyrras Phylici-
terh to Fabri- an, Written with his own hands : in which the Phyſician offered to poiſon his Maſter, ſo he would
cius, and offet- promiſe him a good reward, for ending the wars without further danger. Fabricius deteſting the wic-
= - —_ kedneſs of the Phyſician, and having made ©.e/£mylirs his Colleague and fellow Conſul alſo to abhor
#abv5cive Let. the ſame : wrote a Letter unto Pyrrus, and bade him take heed, for there were that meant to poiſon
rer to Pyrrus, him, The Contents of his Letter were theſe : Caius Fabricius, and Qyintus eAimyliys Conſuls of
advertiſing RoME,unto King Pyrrus, Greeting, You have(O King) made unfortunate choice, borh of your friends
him of his Phy- and of your enemies, as ſhall appear unto you by reading of this Letter which one of yours hath writ-
ficians reaſon. | unto us: for you make wars with juſt and honeſt men, and do your ſelf truſt O_ the wicked
and unfairhful. Hereof therefore we have thought good to advertiſe you, not in reſpect to pleaſure you,
but for fear leſt rhe misfortune of your death might make us unjuſtly to be accuſed : imagining that by
treachery or treaſon, we have ſought to end this war, as though by valiantneſs we could not otherwiſe
atchieve it. Pyrrus having read this Letter, and proved the contents thereof true, executed the Phyſi;
cian as he had deſerved : and to requite the advertiſement of the Conſuls, he ſent Fabricizs and the
Pyrrusſendeth Romans their priſoners, without paying of ranſom, and ſent {3zeas again unto them, to prove if
= Romans, he could obtain peace. Howbeit the Ro ans, becauſe they would neither receive pleaſure of their
Wihou, ar enemies, and leaſt of all reward, for that they conſented not unto ſo wicked a deed : did not onely 1e-
ſom. fuſe to rake their priſoners of free gifr, bur = ſent him again ſo many SaMxNiTtEs, and TAREN-
TINES, And furthermore, for peace and his friendſhip, they would give no ear to it, before thewats
Pyrrus ſecond were ended, and that he had ſent away his Army again by ſea into his Kingdom of E p1Kus. Wherefore
bartle with <yyr45 ſeeing no remedy, but that he muſt needs fight another battle, atter he had ſomewhat refreſh-
the Romany, . ; 0«
by the Ciry of ed his Army, drew towards the City of As cuLum, where he fought the ſecond time with the R
Afeatum, MANS: and was brought into a marvellous uy ground for horſemen, by a very ſwift running _
| ro
TE —_—
TRAVIS 34.1
from whence came many Brooks and deep Marſhes , inſomuch as his Elephants could have no ſpace
nor ground to joyn with the Bartell of the Foormen , by reaſon whereof there was a great number
of men hurt and ſlain on both fides. And in theend, the Bartel] being fought our all day long, the
dark night did ſever them : but the next morning, Pyr» to win the advantage to fight in the plain
Field , where he might prevail with the force of his Elephants , ſent firſt certain of his Bands to fieze
upon the naughty ground they had fought on the day before. And by this policy having brought the
ROMANS into the plain Field , he thruſt in amongſt his Elephants , ſtore of ſhot and ling men , and
then made his Army march ( being very well ſet1n order ) with great fury againſt his | nemies, They
miſling the other days turnings and places of retire, were now compelled to fight. all on a front in the
plain Field : and ftriving to break into the Bartel] of Pyr724 Footmen before the Elephants came,they
deſperately preſſed in upon the Enemies Pikes with their Swords , not caring for their own perſons
what became of them, bur onely looked to kill and deſtroy their Enemies, In the end notwithſtanding,
after the Battell had holden our very long, the Roma xs loſt it , and they firſt began ro break and Pry viftory
flie on that fide that Pyrr was , by reaſon of the great force and fury of his Charge, and much more © the Remans;
through che violence of the Elephants : againſt which, the Rom a Ns valiantneſs nor courage could
ought prevail, but that they were driven to give them place (' much like the rage of ſurging waves, or
terrible trembling of the earth ) rather then tarry to be troden under feet, and overthrown by them,
whom they were not ableto hurt again, but be by them moſt grievoully martyred , and their troubles
thereby yer nothing eaſed. The chaſe was not long , becauſe they fled bur into their Camp : and Hie-
ronymus the Hiſtoriographer writeth , that there died fix thouſand men of the Roma xs and of P J-
74 part about three thouſand five hundred and five, as the Kings own Chronicles do witneſs. Ne-
vertheleſs , D jony [3144 makes no mention of two Battels given near unto the City of Ascutun , ———
nor that the Romans were certainly overthrown : howbeit he affirmeth that there was one Bartel] , ;
onely that continued unto Sun-ſet, and that they ſcarcely ſevered alſo when night was come on, Pyr-
r#5 being hurt on the arm with a Spear, and his carriage robbed and ſpoiled by the Sa m1 x1T ts be-
ſides. And further,that there died in this Bartell, above fifteen thouſand men, as well of / yrr« fide,
as of the Romans part: and that at the laſt , both the one and the other did retire. and ſome lay,
that it was at that time Prr#s anſwered one, who rejoyced with him for the ViRtory they had won ;
If we win another of the price, quoth he , we are utterly undone. For indeed then had he loſt the
moſt part of his Army he brought with him out of his Realm , and all his friends and Captains in man-
ner every one, or at the leaſt there lacked little of it : and belides that , he bad no means to ſupply
them with other from thence , and perceived alſo that the Confederates he had in-It ary, beganto
wax cold. Where the ROM a Ns to the contrary , did eafily renew their Army with freſh Souldi-
ers , which they cauſed to come from Ro»E as need required ( much like unto a lively Spring , the
head whereof they had at home in their Countrey ) and they fainted not at all for any loſſes they re-
ceived , but rather werethey ſo much the more hotly bent, ſtoutly determining to abide out the
Wars , whatever betide. And thus whileſt Pyrr was troubled in this ſort , new hopes and new
enterpriſes were offered unto him , that made him doubrfull what to do, For even ataclap came Am-
baſſadours unto him out of S1c1L1A , offering to pur into his hands, the Cities of SYRAcusa, of Ambaftadours
AGRIGENTUM , and of the LEONT1NES, beleeching him to aid them to drive the Cart H a- out of Siciliz,
G1NIANS Out of the Iſle, thereby to deliver them from all the Tyrants, And on the other fide *9 Pray aid of
alſo , news was brought him from GREECE, how Prolomze ſurnamed the | ightning, was (lain, and i
all his Army overthrown in Battell againſt the Gaurs , and that now he ſhould come in good
hour for the MacEDON1aNns , who lacked but a King. Then he curſed his hard fortune, that
preſented him all at once, ſuch ſundry occaſions to do great things : and as if both enterpriſes had been
already in his hand, he made his account that of neceſlity he mult loſe one of them, So , long debating
the matter with himſelf, which of the two ways he ſhould conclude upon : in theend he reſolved,
that by the Wars of $1c1L1a , there was good mean to attain to the greater matters , conſider-
ing that AFR1Cx was not far from them, Wherefore, diſpoſing himſelf that way , he ſent Cine as
thither immediately ro make his way , and to ſpeak to the Towns and Cities of the Countrey, as he
was wont todo : and in the mean time left a ſtrong Garriſon in the City of TaxznTum , to keep
"it at his devotion, wherewith the TARENT1NEs were very angry, For they made requeſt unto
him, either to remain in their Countrey ro maintain Wars with them againſt the ROma xs(which
was their meaning why they ſent for him ) or elſe if he would needs go, at the leaſtwiſe to leave their
City in as good ſtate as he found it, Bur he anſwered them again very roughly , that they ſhould
ſpeak no more to him in it . and that they ſhould not chooſe bur tarry his occation. And with this PyrevsJourney
anſwer he took Ship ; and failed rowards S1c1L1a : where ſo ſoon as he was arrived , he found inco Sicilia,
all that he hoped for, for the Cities did willingly put themſelves into his hands. And where neceſ-
firy of Battell was offered him to imploy his Army, nothing at the beginning could ſtand before him.
For , with thirty thouſand Footmen , two thouſand five hundred Horſemen, and two hundred Sail
which he brought with him , he drave the CaRTHAGINIANS before him, and conquered all
the Countrey under their obedience, Now at that time , the City of Er1x was the ftrongeſt — I |
place they had : and there were a great number of good Souldiers within to defend it. Pyrr de- = —
termined ro prove the aſſault of it, and when his Army was ready to give the C harge, he armed him- :
ſelf at all pieces from topto toe, and approaching the Walls, vowed unto Hercyles to give him a ſo-
lemn Sacrifice , with a Feaſt of common Playes, ſo that he would grant him grace to ſhew himſelf
unto the GRECIANS inhabiting in $111.14 , Worthy of the noble Anceſtors from whence he
Gg came
The Writers
_3#2
PYRRVS.
9.
Homer of yali-
ancneſs,
The Mamer*
tines, why ſo
called.
Pyrrus. cruelty
in Sicilia,
The Samnites
and Tarcntincs
ſent for Pyrrus
ro return into
Ttaly.
Pyrrus return
into Ttaly out
of $icilc,
Pyrrus hurt on
his head with
a Sword,
came, of the great good fortune he had in his hands, This Vow ended. he ſtraight made the
Trumpets ſound to the aſſault, and cauſed the barbarous People that were on the Walls , [0 retire with
force of his ſhot. Then when the ſcaling-ladders were ſet up , himſelf was the firſt that mounted on
the Wall , where he found divers of the barbarous Peeple thar reſiſted him, But ſome he threw over
the Walls on either fide of him, and with his Sword flew many dead about him, himſelf not once
hurt : for the barbarous People had not the heart to look him in the face , his countenance was ſo
terrible. And this doth provethat Homer ſpake wiſely , and like a man of experience , when he ſaid :
That valiantneſs onely amongſt all other Morall Vertues , is that which hath ſometimes certain furi-
ous motions and divine provocations, which makes a man beſides himſelf, So the City being taken,
he honourably performed his vowed Sacrifice to Hercales , and kept a Feaſt of all kinds and forts of
Games and Weapons. There dwelt a barbarous People at that time about Mess 1Na , called the
MAMERTINES, who did much hurt to the GrxEc1aNs thereabouts , nraking many of them pay
Tax and Tribute : for they were a great number of them , and all men of War and good Soulgi-
ers, and had their name alſo of Aars , becauſe they were Martiall men , and given to Arms. Pyrya,
led his Army againſt them , and overthrew them in Bartell : and pur their Collectors to death, that did
leavie and exact the Tax, and razed many of their Fortrefſes. And when the CaxTHaG1xiaxgs
required peace and his friendſhip, offering him Ships and Money, pretending greater matters, he made
them a ſhort anſwer ; That there was but one way to make peace and love between them, to forſake
S1CILIA altogether, and to be contented to make fare Lybycum the border betwixt GrttcE
and them, For this good fortune , andthe force he had in his hands, did ſer him aloft, and further allu-
red him to follow the hope that brought him into $1c1114 , aſpiring firſt of all unto the conqueſt
of Ly B14. Now , to paſs him over thither he had Ships enough, bur he lacked Owers and Mariners :
wherefore when he would preſs them , then he began ro deal roughly with the Cities of SICILIA,
and in anger compelled , and ſeverely puniſhed them, that would not obey his commandment, This
he did not at his firſt coming, but contrarily had won all their good wills , ſpeaking more courte-
ouſly to them then any other did, and ſhewing that he truſted them altogether, and troubled them in
nothing. But ſuddenly being alrred from a popular Prince , unto a violent Tyrant, he was not onely
thought cruell and rigorous , but that worſt of all is, unfaithfull and ungratefull ; nevertheleſs, though
they received great hurt by him , yet they ſuftered it , and granted him any needfull thing hedid de-
mand, But when they ſaw he began to miſtruſt Ti henon and Sofratms, the two chief Captains of
SYRACUSA , and they who firſt cauſed him ro come into SICILIA , who alſo at his firſt arrival
delivered the City of Sy R a cus into his hands , and had been his chief aiders in helping him to
compaſs that he had done in S1CLLIA 2 when, I ſay, they ſaw he would no more carry them with
him , nor leave them behind him for the miſtruſt he had of them, and that Sofratwus fled from him,
and abſented himſelf, fearing leſt Pyr7 would do him ſome miſchief : and that Pyrrws moreover ,
had put Thenoy to death , miſtruſting that he would alſo have done him ſome harm, then all things
fell out againſt Pyrr# : not one after another , nor by little and litcle, but all rogerher at one inſtant,
and all the Cities generally hated him to the death , and did again ſome of them confederate with the
CARTHAGINIANS , andothers with rhe MAMERTINES , to fet. upon him. Bur when all $1-
C1114 wasthus bent againſt him , he received Letters from the Samn1Ttzs and TaRtENnTiINEs,
by which they advertiſed him , how they had much ado to defend themſelves within their Cities and
ſtrong Holds, and that they were wholly driven out of che Field : wherefore they earneſtly beſought
him ſpeedily to come to their aid. This news came happily to him , to cloak his flying , thathe
might ſay it was not for deſpair of good ſucceſs in $111.14 that he went bis way : but true it was
indeed , that when he ſaw he could no longer keep it , then a Ship could ſtand ſtil] among the waves,
he ſought ſome honeſt ſhadow to colour his departing. And that ſurely was the cauſe why he return-
ed again into ITALY, Nevertheleſs , at his departure out of S1c1Lz , they ſay that looking
back upon the Iſle, he ſaid to thoſe that were about him : O what a goodly Field for a Battell (my
friends ) do we leave to the Romans and CARTHAGINIANS, to fight the one with the other ?
And verily fo it fell out fhortly after, as hehad ſpoken. But the barbarous People conſpiring toge-
ther againſt Pyrrus , the CARTHAGINIANS 0n the one fide watching his paſſage , gave him Bat-
tell on the Sea, in the very ſtraight it ſelf of Mess1na , where he loſt many of his Ships, and
fled with the reſt , and took the Coaſt of ITALY. And there the Ma mzRT1NEs on the other
fide, being gone thither before, to the number of eighteen thouſand fighting men , durſt not preſent
him Barttell in open Field , but tarried for him in certain Straights of the Mountains , and in very
hard places, and ſo ſet upon his Rereward , and diſordered all his Army, They flew two of his Ele-
phants , and cut off a great number of his Rereward, ſo as he was compelled himſelf in perſonto
come from his Vant-guard , to help them againſt 'the barbarous People , which were luſty valiant
men , and old trained Souldiers. And there Pyrrs caught a blow on his head with a Sword, and
was 1n great danger : inſfomuch as he was forced to retire out of the preaſe and Fight ; which did ſo
much the more encourage his Enemies : amongſt which there was one more adventurous then the reſt,
a goodly man of perſonage , fair armed in white Armour , who advancing himſelf far before his
Cornpany , cried out to the King with a bold fierce voyce , and challenged him to fight with him it
he werealive. Pyrr« being mad as it were with this bravery, turned again with his guard, in ſpight
of his men, hurt as he was. And beſides that, he was all ona fire with choler, and his face all bloudy
and terrible to behold , he went through his men , and came at the length to this barbarous Vil-
lain that had challenged him; and gave him ſuch a blow on his head with all his force and pw
at
RT — m
TRRUVUS ;
— — F U d. . =
that what by the ſtrength of his arm , and through the goodneſs of the temper and metal! of the Prrus with a
Sword , the blow clave his head right in the middelt , downto the ſhoulders : ſo that his head beins b:99 of his
thus divided , the one part tell on the one ſhoulder, and the other part on the other. This marte} _ » COVE
ſuddenly ſtayed the barbarous People , and kept them from going any further, they were ſo ajraid and : yrs
amazed, to ſee ſo great a blow with ones hand , and it made them think indeed , that Py-+:: was middeit, and
more then a man, After that , they let him go , and troubled himno more. Pyrri holds on his laid «f on his
Journey , arrived at the length in the City of TaktNnTua , with twenty thouſand Footmen , and Moulders,
three thouſand Horſe, And with theſe (joyning thereto the choileſt men of the Tarztxtiut S )
he went incontinently into the Field to ſeek out the Romans, who had their Camp within the
Territories of the SAMNITES , Which were then in very hard ſtate : for their hearts were killed,
becauſe that in many Battels and encounters with the ROMAN s , they were. ever overthrown, They
were very angry beſides with Pyryzs , for that he had forſaken them , ro go his Voyage into $1c 1-
LIA , by reaſon whereof there came No great number of Souldiers into his Camp. But notwith-
ſanding , he divided all his ſtrength into two parts, whereof he ſent the one part into Lucavra,
co occupie one of the Rowan Conſuls that was there , to the end he ſhould not come to aid his
companion : and with the other part he went himſelf againſt Manixs Cxrins , who lay in a very 2anivs Curius
ſtrange place of advantage , nearto the City of BeNzveNTO, attending the aid that ſhould come <onlu:.
ro him out of LucaN1a , beſides alſo that the Soothſayers( by the ſigns and tokens of the Birds
and Sacrifices ) did counſell him not to ſtir from thence. Pyrrws to the contrary , deſiring to fight
with Manixs before his aid came unto him, which he looked for out of Lucax1a , took with
himthe beſt Souldiers he had in all his Army , and the warlikeſt Elephants, and marched away inthe
night, ſuppoſing to ſteal upon Aanins on the ſudden, and givean afſault unto his Camp. Now
Pyrrus having along way to go, and through a woody Countrey, his Lights and Torches failed him,
by reaſon whereoi many of his Souldiers loſt their Way » and they loſt a great deal of time alſo, be-
fore they could again be gathered rogerher : ſo as in this ſpace the night was ſpent, and the day once
broken, the Enemies perceived plainly how he came down the hills, This at the firſt fight made them
muſe a while, and put them in a little fear : nevertheleſs Maxis having had the fignes of the $4-
crifices favourable , and ſeeing that occaſion did preſs him tot , went our into the Field , and ſer upon
the Vaward of his Enemies , and made them turn their backs. The which feared all the reſt in ſuch Pyrrus third
wiſe , that there were ſlain a great number of them in the Field , and certain Elephants alſo taken, Bartell wich
This ViRtory made Marins Cw #45 leave his ſtrength and come into the plain Field , where he ſer his the Romans.
men in Batrell ray , and overthrew his Enemies by plain force on the one fide : bur on the other he _ —_
was repulſed by violence of the Elephants, and compelled to draw back into his own Camp, where- _— 4 SW
in he had left a great number of men to guard it, So when he ſaw them upon the Rampiers of his in Barce!l,
Camp all armed, ready to fight, he called them out , and they coming treſh out of the places of ad-
vantage , to charge upon the Elephants, compelled them in a very ſhort time to turn their backs,
and flie through their own men , whom they putto great trouble and diſorder : fo as inthe end , the
whole Victory fell upon the Romans fide, and conſequently by means of that Victory, follow-
ed the greatneſs and power of their Empire, For the ROMaNns being grown more couragious
by this Battell , and having increaſed their force , and won the reputation of men unconquerable ,
immediately after conquered all Ir aLy beſides , and ſoon after thar, all S1c1t1a, To this end
( as you ſee ) came King Pyrrzs vain hope he had to conquer ITAaLy andSic 1114, after he had
ſpent fix years continually in Wars , during which time his good fortune decayed, and his Army
conſumed. Notwithſtanding , his noble courage remained always invincible , what loſſes ſoever he
had ſuſtained ; and moreover whileſt he lived , he was ever eſteemed the chieteſt of all the Kings and
Princes in his time , as well for his experience and ſufficiency in Wars , as alſo for his valiantneſs
and hardineſs of his perſon. But what he wan by famous deeds , he loſt by vain hopes : defi- am
nng ſo earneſtly that which he had nor, as he forgot to keep that which he had. Wherefore A4n- player. p
14g0nus compared him unto a Dice-player , that caſteth well , and cannot ule his luck. Now having Prrrus return
brought back again with him into Ey1kus , eight thouſand Footmen , and five hundred Horſe- into Epirus our
men, and being without Money to pay them , he deviſed with himſelf ro ſeek our ſome new © 149:
War to entertain thoſe Souldiers , and keep them together. Wherefore upon a new aid of
certain Gaurs being come unto him , he entred into the Realm of Mactpox ( which
Antigenus , Demetrius Son held at that time ) with intent onely to make a Forrey , and to ger
ſome ſpoil in the Countrey. But when he ſaw that he had taken divers Holds , and moreover,
that two thouſand men of War of the Countrey came and yeelced themſelves unto him , he began
to hope of better ſucceſs , then at the firſt he looked for. For upon that hope he marched againſt
King Antizoxnns ſelf, whom be met in a very ſtraight Valley , and ar his firſt coming , 'gave ſuch .
a luſty Charge upon his Rereward , that he put all Artigons» Army in great diſorder, For Au- Pyrris viftery
tigoaus had placed the Gaul s- in the Rereward of his Army to cloſe it in , which were a conve- cn_
nient number, and did valiantly defend the firſt Charge : and the Skirmiſh was ſo hot, that the moſt oY en
of them were ſlain, After them the leaders of the Elephants perceiving they were environed on
every ſide, yeelded themſelves and their Beaſts. Pyrr*s ſeeing his power to benow increaſed, with
ſuch a ſupply , truſting more to his good fortune, then any good reaſon might move him : thruſt
further into the Bartel of the MaceDoONIANs, who were all afraid , and troubled tor the over-
throw of their Rereward , ſo as they could not once baſe their Pikes, nor fight againſt him. He for his
part holding up his hand , and calling the Captains of the Bands by their names, ſtraightways made
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344
all the Footmen of Antigonas-turn wholly to his fide : who flying ſaved himſelf with a few Horſe-
Antigonus iy- men , and kept certain of the Cities in his Realm upon the Sea Coaft, But Pyrras inall his proſpe-
eth from King rity judging nothing more to redound to his honour and glory, then the overthrow of the Ga ur 5
Pyrrus, layed aſide their goodlieſt and richeſt Spoils, and offered up the ſame in the Temple of Adinerva "Ws
44a , With this Inſcription :
When Pyrrus had ſubdu'd, the puiſſant Gauls in fields,
He cauſed of their $Spoils to makegtheſe Tarovets, Arms and Shields :
T he which he hanged up , in Temple all on high,
Before Minerva ( goddeſs here ) in ſigne of vittory :
When be had overcome, the whole and bugie Hoaſt,
The Which Antigonus did bring , into his Countries Coaſt,
Ne marvel! ſhould it ſeem , though vittory he won,
Since valiantneſs brings viftory, «nd evermore hath done :
And valianineſs always , bath conſtanily kept place ,
From age to age , and time to time , in AZACus his race.
Immediately after this Battell, all the Cities of the Realm of Ma c vox yeelded unto him : but when
he had the Ciry of AGEs in his power, he uſed the Inhabitants thereof very hardly, and (; pecially be.
cauſe heleft a great Garriſon of the Gaurs there , which he had in pay. This Nation is extream co-
verous, as then they ſhewed themſelves: for they ſpared not to break up the Tombs wherein the
The covetouſ- Kings of Mac EDON lay buried , and took away all the Gold and Silver they could find : and after-
_ ofthe wards with great inſolency caſt out their bones into the open wind, Pyryxs was told it, but he lightly
ants, paſſed it over , and made no reckoning of it : either becauſe he deferred it till another time, by reaſon
of the Wars he had then in hand:or elſe for that he durſt not meddle with puniſhing of theſe barbarous
People at that time. But whatſoever the matter was, the MACEDONIANS were very angry with
Pyrrns, and blamed him greatly for it. Furthermore, having not yer made all things furein Ma cz-
DON, not being fully potleſt of the ſame : new toys and hopes came in his head, and ( mocking Anti.
gonus) ſaid he was a mad manto go apparelled in Purple like a King, when a poor Cloak might be-
come him like a private man, Now, Cleonymas King of SPARTA being come to procure him to bring
his Army into the Countrey of La CEDAMON , Pyryys was very willing to it. This Cleonymus was of
the Bloud-royall of SPAR A - but becauſe he was a ctuell man, and would do all things by authority,
they loved him not at SPARTA , nor truſted him at all : and therefore did they put him out , and made
Arcus made Areas King, a very quiet man. And this was the oldeſt quarrell C/conymes bad againſt the Common.
King of Sparta, wealth of SPARTA ; but beſides that , he had another private quarrel} , which grew upon this cauſe,
on oP KS In his old years, Cleonymns had married a fair young Lady called Chelidonida , which was alſo of the
[ee Bloud-royall,and the Daughter of Leorgchides. This Lady being fallen extreamely in love with Acre-
rats, King eArcus Son, a goodly young Gentleman, and in his luſty youth, ſhe greatly vexed and
diſhonoured her Husband C/eonymas, who was over head and ears in love and jealoufie with her ; for
there wasnot one in all SPARTA , but plainly knew that his Wife made none account of him. And
The cauſe of thus his home ſorrows, being joyned with his ourward common griefs, even for ſpight, defiring a re-
venge, in choler he wentto procure Pyrr#s.to come unto SPARTA, tO reſtore him again to his King-
Hereupon he brought him into Laczpan0N1a forthwith , with five and rwenty thouſand
Footmen , two thouſand Horſe , and four and twenty Elephants : by which preparation , though by
nothing elſe , the World might plainly fee , that'Pyrr#s came with a mind not to reſtore Cleo» Jus
again unto SPARTA , but of intent to conquer for himſelf ( if he could ) all the Countrey of Ps10-
Pyrrus ſirata= poNNESUs. For in words he denied it to the LaceDaMoN1a ns themſelves , who ſent Ambal-
| nes the {adoursunto him, when he was in the City of MEGAL1P0L1s , where he told them that he was come
mt into PELOPONNESUs ,to ſet the Towns and Cities at liberty , which Antigens kept in bondage:
and that his true intent and meaning was to ſend his young Sons into SPARTA (fo they would be
contented } to the end they might be trained after the LacoN1AaN manner , and from their youth
have this advantage above all other Kings , to have been well brought up. Bur feigning theſe things,
and abuſing thoſe that came to meet him on his way , they rook no heed of him, till he came within
the Coaſt of LacON1Aa, into the which he was no ſooner entred, but he began to waſte and ſpoil the
whole Country. And when the Ambaſſadours of Spar 4 reproved and found fault with him, for
that he made Wars upon them in ſuch ſort , before he had openly proclaimed it : he made them an-
ſwer,No more have you your ſelves uſed to proclaim that, which you purpoſed to do to others. Then
AMandricilas one of the Ambaſſadours called »dricidas, replied again unto him in the Laconia x Tongue:
ſont anſwer 10 Jf thou be a god , thou wilt dous no hurt, becauſe we have not offended thee : and if thou be a man,
King F577%, thou ſhalt meet with another that ſhall be berter then thy ſelf. Then he marched direQly to Spa R-
TA, Where Cleonymus gave him counſell evenat the firſt , ro aſſault ir. But he would not ſo do, fea-
ring ( as they ſaid) that if hedid it by night, his Souldiers would ſack the City : and ſaid it ſhould be
Pyrras befie= time enough to aſſault it the next day at broad day light , becauſe there were but few men within che
geth Laceda- Town , and belide they were very ill provided. And furthermore , King Arexs himſelf was not
_ there , but gone into CRETA to aid the GoRTINI1ans , who had Wars in.his own Countrey.
And doubtleſs that onely was the ſaving of SeART a from taking , that they made no reckoning
ro afſaulc it hotly ; becauſe they thought it was not able ro make reſiſtance, For Pyrrus camped be-
fore the Town, Lrenctly perſwaded with himſelf, that. he ſhould find none to fight with lum -
and Cleonymns friends and Servants alſo did prepare his lodging there, as if P Jrrus ſhould have come
to
Pyrrus inva=
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neſus. .
—— —
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to ſupper to him , and lodged with him, When night was come , the Lacebavx0x1ans counſel-
led together , and ſecretly determined to fend away their Wives , and little Children into Cer a.
But the Women themſelves were againſt it, and there was one among them called Arclidamia , who
went into the Senate-houſe with a Sword in her hand , to ſpeak unto them in the name of all the reſt,
and ſaid : That they did their Wives great wrong, if they thought them (o faint-hearted, as to live after
SPARTA Was deſtroyed. Afterwards it was agreed in Councill, thar they ſhould caſt a Trench be-
fore the Enemies Camp , and that at both ends of the ſame they ſhould bury Carts in the ground unto
the middeſt of the wheels , tothe end that being faſt ſer in the ground , they ſhould ſay the Elephants,
and keep them from paſſing further. And when they began to goin hand withall , there came Wives
and Maids unto them , ſome of them their clothes girt up round about zhem, and others all in their v2i* inthe
ſmocks , to work at this Trench with the old men, adviling the youns men that ſhould fight the next
morning , to reſt themſelves in the mean while, So the Women took the third part of the Trench
to rask , which was fix cubits broad , four cubits deep , and cight hundred foot long, as Philarcus
faith, or lictle leſs as Hieronymus writeth, Then when the break of day appeared, and the Enemies
removed to cometo the aſſault ; the Women themſelves fetched the Weapons, which they pur into the
young mens hands , and delivered them the rasK of the Trench ready made , which they betore had un-
dertaken, praying them valiantly to keep and defend it , telling them withall, how great a pleaſure ir
is to overcome the Enemies , fighting in view and ſight of their native Countrey , and what great feli-
city and honour it is to die inthe arms of his Mother and Wife , after he had fought valiantly like an
honeſt man , and worthy of the magnanimity of SPARTA. But Chelidonida being gone aſide , had
tied a halter with a riding knot about her neck , ready to ſtrangle and hang her ſelf, rather then to
fall into the hands of Cleonymus , if by change the City ſhould cometo be taken, Now Pyrru mar- Pyrens Bactell,
ched in perſon with his Bartel] of Footmen , againſt the front of the SparRTANs , who being a great
number alſo , did tarry his coming on the other ſide of the Trench - the which , beſides that it was
very ill to paſs over , did lett the Souldiers to fight ſteadily in order of Battell, becauſe the earth be-
ing newly caſt up, did yeeld under their feet. Wherefore Prolomie , King Pyrrus Son , palling
all along the Trench fide with two thouſand GauL's , and all the choiſe men of the CHaonianx .
aſſayed if he could get over to the other {ide at one of the ends of the Trench where the Carts were :
which being ſer very deep into the ground , and one joyned unto another , they did not onely hinder
the aſſaylants , bur the defendants alſo, Howbeit inthe end , the Gauts began to pluck off the
wheels of theſe Carts , and to draw them into the River. But Acrotatus , King Ares Son, a
young man , ſeeing the danger , ran through the City with a Troup of three hundred luſty Youths
beſides , and went to incloſe Prolomie behind, before he eſpied him , for that he paſſed a ſecret hol-
low way till he came even to give the Charge upon ther : whereby they were enforced toturntheir
faces towards him , one running in anothers neck , and ſo in great dilorder were thruſt into the Tren-
ches , and under the Carts : inſomuch asat the laſt , with much ado, and great bloudſhed , Acrotatins
and his Company drave them back , and repulſed them, Now the Women and old men, that were
on the other fide of the Trench , ſaw plainly before their face , how valiantly Acrorari had repulſed
the GauLs.. Wherefore after Acrotarus had done this Exploit, he returned again through the
City unto the place from whence he came, all ona goar bloud : couragious and lively , for the Vi-
Rory he came newly from. The women of Se ART a thought Acrotarws far more noble and fairer
to behold , then ever he was: ſo that they all thought Che{;donida bappy to have ſuch a friend and
lover. And there were certain old men , that followed him cryihg after him , Go thy way, Acrc-
tatuws , and enjoy thy Love Chelidonida , beget noble Children of her unto Sparta. The Fight
was cruell on that fide where Pyrr« was , and marry of the Spar 7 A Ns fought very valiantly. How-
beit , amongſt other , there was one named Phz/;zs , who after he had fought long , and lain many of
his Enemies with his own hands, that forced to paſs over the Trench, perceiving that his heart fain-
ted for the great number of wounds be had upon him , called one of them that were in the rank next
bebind him , and giving him his place , fet| down dead in the arms of his friends , becauſe his Ene-
mies ſhould not have his body. In the end, the Battell having continued all the day long, the night did
ſeparace them : and Pyrr4 , being laid in his bed, had this Viſton in his fleep. He thought he ſtroke
the City of LaczDzmoN with lightning, that he utterly conſumed it : whereat he was ſo paſſing
glad, that even with the very joy he awaked : and thereupon forthwith commanded his Captains to
make their men ready- to the afſault, and told his Dream unto his familiars , ſuppoſing that our of
doubt it did betoken he ſhould in that approach take the City. All that heardit , believed it was ſo,
ſaving one Lyſimachws , who to the contrary ſaid , that this Viſion liked him not, becauſe the places
ſmitten with lightning are holy , and it is not lawfull to enter into them: by reaſon whereof he was
alſo afraid , that the gods did fignifie unto him, that he ſhould not enter intothe City of Sparta.
Pyrru anſwered him : That , faid he, is a matter diſputableto and fro in an open Aſſembly of Peo-
ple, for there is no manner of certainty in it. But furthermore, every man muſt take his Weapon
n his hand, and et this Sentence before his eyes :
eA rioht good thing it is, that he would hazard life ,
In juſt defence of Maſters Cauſe, with Spear and bloydy Knife.
Alluding unto Homeys Verſes, which he wrote for the detence of his Countrey. And ſaying thus,
he roſe, and at the break of day led his Army unto the aſſault. On the other fide alſo, the Lac x-
D&AMONIANS With a marvellous courage and magnanimity , far greater then their force, beſtir-
red themſelves wonderfully ro make reliſtance , having their Wives by them , that gave them their
Gg3 Weapons
345
Oo ———
The courage
of che women
of Spariz,
omen
Trench.
Women en-
couraged their
men to fght,
Aevotatus vali-
antneſs.
Pyrrus dream,
PYRRVS.
Weapons wherewith they fought , and were ready at hand to give meat and drink to them that
needed , and did alſo withdraw thoſe that were hurt to cure them. The Mactponians likewite
for their part, endeavoured themſelves with all their might to fill up the Trench with Wood and other
things, which they caſt upon the dead Bodies and Armours lying in the bottom of the Ditch : and the
LACEDAMONIANS again , laboured all they could poſſible to lett them;, But in this great broil ,
one perceived Pyryus on horſeback to have leaptthe Trench, paſt over the ſtrength of the Carts, and
made forceto enter into the City, Wherefore thoſe that were appointed to defend that part of the
Trench, cried out ſtraight, and the women fell a ſhrieking, and running as if all had been loſt. And as
Pyrrus paſſed further , ſtriking down with his own hands all that ſtood before him, a Cer av
ſhot at him , and ſtroke his Horſe through both ſides : who leaping our of the preaſe for pain of his
wound, dying, carried Pyrru away, and threw him upon the hanging of a ſteep hill , where he was in
" Pyrrus in dan- great danger to fall from the top. This put all his ſervants and friends about him in a marvellous fear ,
of his life , at and therewithall the Lac:DamoNIANS ſeeing them in this fear and trouble , ran immediately
the Siegeot unto that place , and with force of ſhot drave them all out of the Trench. After this retire , Pyrrus
—_— cauſed all aſſault to ceaſe, hoping the Lac eDamON1ans inthe end would yeeld , conſidering there
were many of them (lain in the two days paſt , and all the reſt in a manner hurt. Howbeit, the good
fortune of the City ( whether it were to prove the valiantneſs of the Inhabitants themſelves,or ar che
leaſt ro ſhew what power they were of , even in their greateſt need and diſtreſs , when the Lac t-
D.£MONIANS had {mall hope left ) brought one Aminias Phocian from CORr1NTH, one of King
Antigonus Captains, with a great Band of men, and put them into the City to aid them : and
ſtraight after him, as ſoon as he was entred , King Arews arrived alſe on the other fide from Cxx-
King Areusar- TA, and two thouſand Souldiers with him. So the women went home to their Houſes, making their
rived in $p2rt8 reckoning that they ſhould not need any more to trouble themſelves with Wars. They gave the
with new aid. 14 men liberty alſo to go and reſt themſelves , who being paſt all age to fight, for neceſlity ſake yer
were driven to arm themſelves, and take Weapon in hand : and in order of Battell placed the new-
come Souldiers in their rooms, Pyrr« underſtanding that new Supplies were come, grew to greater
ſtomach then before , and enforced all that he could to win the Town by affault. But in the end,
when to his coſt he found that he wan nothing but blows, he gave over the Siege , and went to ſpoil
all the Countrey about, determining to lie there in Garriſon all the Winter, He could not for all this
Sedition in the avoid his deſtiny : for there roſe a ſedition in the City of AxG0s between two of the chiefeſt Ci-
City of Argos, tizens, Arifteas and Ariſtippms : and becauſe Ariſteas thought that King Antigonus did favour his E-
nemy Ar;ſtippus, be made haſte to ſend firſt unto Pyrr4, whoſe nature and diſpoſition was ſuch,thar
he did continually heap hope upon hope ever taking the preſent proſperity , for an occaſion to hope
after greater to come, And if it fell outhe was aloſer, then he ſought ro recover himſelf, and to
- reſtore his loſs by ſome other new attempts. So that neither for being Conquerour, nor overcome,
he would ever be quiet, but always troubled ſome , and himſelf alſo : by reaſon whereof , he ſuddenly
Pyreurrepulſed departed towards ARGoS. But King Are having laid Ambuſhes for him in divers places, andoc-
from Sperrz. Cupied alſo the ſtraighteſt and hardeſt paſſages, by the which he was to paſs, gave a Charge upon
goeth unto Ar- the GauLEs and MOLOSSIANS , which were in the tail of his Army, Now , the ſelf-fame
£07, day Pyrrus was warned by a Soothſayer , who ſacrificing had found the Liver of the ſacrificed Beaſt
infeRed : thar it betokened the loſs of ſome moſt near unto him. But when he heard the noiſe of
the © harge given , he thought nor on the warning of the Soothſayer, but commanded his Son to
take his houſhold Servants with him, and to go thither ; and he himſelf in the mean time with as
great haſte as he could , made the reſt of his Army ro march , to get them quickly out of this dange-
rous way. The Fray was very hot about Prolomie, Pyrrus Son, for they were all the chiefmen of
the LacEDEMONIANS With whom he had todo, led by a valiant Captain , called Exa/cxs. But
Prolomie King as he fought valiantly againſt thoſe that ſtood before him , there was a Souldier of Ctr a called
Pyrrus Son Creſws, born in the City of ApTERA , 4 man very ready of his hand , and light of foot , who
flain by Cr#- running along by him , ſtroke him ſuch a blow on his ſide, that he fell down dead in the place. This
ſus Cretan. Prince Prolomie being ſlain , his Company began ſtraight to flie: and the LaczpamoOnians fol-
lowed the chaſe ſo hotly, that they took no heed of themſelves, untill they ſaw they were in the
plain Field far from their Footmen, Wherefore , Pyrr unto whom the death of his Son was
newly reported , being on fire with ſorrow and paſſion , turned ſuddenly upon them with the men of
Arms of the MoLosSSIANS, and being the firſt that came unto them , made a marvellous ſlaugh-
ter among them. For, notwithſtanding that every where before that time he was terrible and invin-
cible , having his Sword in hishand : - then he did ſhew more proof of his valiantneſs, ſtrength,
and —_ then he had ever done before. 'And when he had er ſpurs to his Horſe againſt Exal-
cu to cloſe with him : Exalcxs turned on the one fide,and gave Pyrrus ſuch a blow with his Sword,
that he miſſed little the cutting off his bridle hand : for he cur indeed all the rains of the bridle aſun-
Pyrrus flew der. But Pyrrws ſtraight ran him through tke body with his Spear, and lighting off from his Horſe,
_—_— he put all the Troup of the La cxD&moN1ANS to the Sword that wereabout the body of Ea-
e144 , being all choſen men. Thus the ambition of the Captains was cauſe of that loſs unto their
Countrey for nothing , —_— that the Wars againſt them were ended, But Pyrras having
now as it were made Sacrifice of theſe poor bodies of the LaczvamOn1ans, for the ſoul of
his dead Son , and fought thus wonderfully alſo, to honour his Funerals , converting a great part
of his ſorrow for his death, into anger and wrath againſt the Enemies : he afterwards held on his way
dire&tly towards Ax Gos. And notwithſtanding that King Antigonus had already ſeized the _
that
— —— l—_—— te Res
-
PYRRVS.
that were over the Valley , he lodged near unto the = of NauerL1a : and the next morning fol.
lowing ſent an Herauld unto Atigonws, and gave him defiance, calling him wicked man , and challen-
ged him to come down into the Valley to tight with him, to try which of them two ſhould be King.
Antioonw made him anſwer , that he made Wars as much with time as with Weapon : and jurther- 4#tizons 3n-
more , that if Pyrrw were weary of his life, he had ways enough open to put himſelf to death. The 5,0 Prrrus
Citizens of ARGos alſo ſent Ambaſſadours unto them both , ro pray them to deparr, fith they knew —
that there was nothing for them to ſee inthe City of AxGos, and that they would ler it be a neuter
and friend unto them both, King Antigonw agreed unto it, and gave them his Son for Hoſtage.
Pyrrus alſo made them fair promiſe to do ſooo, but becauſe he gave no caution nor ſufficient pledge
ro perform it , they miſtruſted him the more, Then there fell out many great and wondertull to-
kens , as well unto Pyrrws, as unto the ARG1ves, For P Jrrw having ſacrificed Oxen,their heads Tokens of
being ſtricken off from their bodies , they thruſt out their rongues, and licked up their own bloud, 77% death.
And within the City of Axcos , a Siſter of the Temple of Apollo Lycias , called Apollonide,ran
through the ſtreers , crying out that ſhe ſaw the City full of murther , and bloud running all about,
and an Eagle that came unto the tray , howbeit ſhe vaniſhed away ſuddenly, and no body knew what
became of her. Pyr7 then coming hard to the Walls of AxGos in the night, and finding one of
the Gates called Dzamperes , opened by Ar:iſteas , he put in his GauLEs ; who poſſeſſed the Mar-
ker-place before the Citizens knew any thing of it, But becauſe the Gate was too low to paſs the Pyrrus Fight
Elephants through with their Towers upon their backs, they were driven to take them off, and af- in the City of
terwards when they were within , to put them on in the dark, and in tumulc : by reaſon whereof 49%
they loſt much time, ſo that the Citizens inthe end perceived it , and ran incontinently uno the ,, .
Caſtle of ſpides , and into other ſtrong places of the City, And therewithall, they ſent with pre- oor
ſent ſpeed unto Antigonw , to pray him to come and help them , and ſo he did : and after he was - erties
come hard ro the Walls , he remained without with the Scouts, and in the mean time ſent his Son ma
with his chiefeſt Captains into the Town , who broughta great number of. good Souldiers , and men
of War with him, At theſame time alſo arrived Ares King of SrarT a , with a thouſand of
the CRETANS, and moſt luſty SpARTANS : all which joyning together, came to give a Charge
upon the GAuLEs that were in the Market-place , who put them in a marvellous fear and hazard,
Pyrrw entring on that fide alſo of the City called Cy/abari with terrible noyſe and cries, when he
underſtood that the GauL es anſwered him not luſtily and couragioully , he doubted ftraight that
it was the voyce of men diſtreſſed , and that had their hands full, Wherefore, he came on with ſpeed
to relievethem , thruſting the Horſemen forward that marched before him with great danger and
pain , by reaſon of the holes and finks , and water conduits , whereof the City was full, B
this mean there was a wonderfull confuſion amongſt them , as may be though fighting by
night , where no man ſaw what he had to do , nor could hear what was commanded , by rea-
ſon of the great noiſe they made, ſtraying here and there up and down the ſtreets, the one
ſcattered from the other : neither could the Captains ſet their men in order , as well for the
darkneſs of the night , as alſo for the confuſed rumult that was all the Ciry over, and for that the
ſtreets alſo were very narrow. And therefore they remained on both ſides without doing any thing ,
looking for day light ; at the drawing whereof , Pyrr, perceived the Caſtle of A/pides , full of his
armed Enemies. And furthermore, ſuddenly as he was come into the Market-place, amongſt many
other goodly common Works ſet out to beautifie the ſame , he ſpied the Images of a Bull and a
Wolf in Copper , the which fought one with another. This ſight made him afraid, becauſe at that A Bull and
preſent he remembred a Prophecie that had been told him , that his end and death ſhould be when wn —_
he ſaw a Wolf and Bull fight together, The AxG1ves report , that theſe Images were ſet up in FF" ;.. 9p
: ! he City of
the Market-place, for the remembrance of a certain chance that had happened in their Countrey. prodey + I
For when Danaw came thither firſt , by the way called Pyramia (as one would ſay , Land ſown with together.
Corn) in the Countrey of TayREAT1DE, he ſaw as hewent , a Wolf fight with a Bull : where- P4naxs wan
upon he ſtayed to ſee what the end of their fight would come to , ſuppoſing the caſe in himſelf, thar = —_—
the Wolf was of his ſide , becauſe rhat being a ſtranger as he was, he came to ſetupon the natu- King Gelanor.
rall Inhabitants of the Countrey. The Wolf in the end obtained the victory : wherefore Danaus Apollo Lycies,
making his Prayer unto Apollo Lycias , followed on his Enterpriſe , and had ſo good ſuccels , tht
he drave Gelanor out of ARGOS, who at that time was King of the AxG1ives, And thus you GelanorKing
hear the cauſe why they ſay theſe Images of the Wolf and Bull were er up in the Market-place of * tbe 418797.
ARGOs, Pyrru being half diſcouraged with the fight of them, and alſo becauſe nothing fell out
well according to his expeRation, thought beſt to retire : but fearing the ſtraightneſs of the Gates
of the City , he ſent unto his Son Helens , whom he had left without the C ity with the greateſt Helenus, Fyr-
part of his force and Army , commanding him to overthrow a piece of the Wall, that his men might $00.
the more readily get out , and that he might receive them, if their Enemies by chance did hinder their
coming out, But the Meſſenger whom he ſent , was ſo haſty and fearfull , wich the tumult that trou-
bled him in going our, that he did not well underſtand what 7 yrra ſaid unto him, but reported his Meſ-
ſage quite contrary, Whereupon the young Prince Helens taking the beſt Souldiers he bad with him,
and the reſt of his Elephants, entred into the City to help his Father , who was now giving back-: and
ſo long ashe had room to fight at eaſe, retiring ſtill , he valiantly repulſed thoſe that fer upon him,
turning his face oft unto them. But when he was driven unto the ſtreet that went from the Market-
place to the Gate of the City , he was kept 1n with his own men that entred at the ſame Gate to help
him, Bur they could not hear wben Pyrr« cried out, and bade them go back, the noiſe was ſo yy
J
_ —.
a—_— ——— —— _ -.-
- =:
_ _——— -_- O— G =
oo G __ = - Ss + - :
s ane _——
=
- Co py ” -
_ _ _ _ Os -
SIS - a -
_— . =
?
349
The ſtrange
love of an Ele»
phant to his
keeper,
King Pyrrus
flain with a
tile thrown
by a woman,
Alcyoneus
King Antigo-
nus Son.
Antigonus
courrefte to-
wards Pyrrys
body and
friends,
and though the firſt had heard him , and would have gone back, yer they that were behind; and did
ſtill thruſt forward into the preaſe , did not permit them. Beſides this moreover , the biggeſt of all
the Elephants by misfortune fell down overthwart the Gate, where he grinding his teeth, did hinder.
thoſe alſo , that would have come out and given back, Furthermore , another ot the Elephants that
were entred before into the City , called Nicon ( as much to ſay, as conquering ) ſeeking his Goyer-
nour that was ſtricken down to the ground from his back with terrible blows , ran upon them that
came back upon him ; overthrowing friends and foes one in anothers neck, till at the length having
found the body of his Maſter ſlain , he lift him up from the ground with his tronk ; and carrying
him upon his two tuſhes , returned back with great fury , treading all under feet he found in his way.
Thus every man being thronged and crowded up together in this fort , there was not one that could
help himſelf: for it ſeemed ro be a maſs and heap of a multitude, and one whole body ſhut roge-
ther , which ſometime thruſt forward , and ſometime gave back , as the ſway went. They fought not
ſo much againſt their Enemies , who ſer upon them behind : bur they did themſelves more hurt then
their Enemies did. For if any drew out his Sword , or baſed his Pike , he could neither ſcabard the
one again , nor lift up the other, but thruſt it full upon his own fellows that came in to help them,
and ſo killed themſelves one truſting upon another, Wherefore Pry ſeeing his Peoplethus troy.
bled and harried to and fro , took his Crown from his head which he wore upon his Helmet, that
made him known of his men afar off , and gave it unto one of his familiars that was next unto him -:
and truſting then to the goodneſs of his Horſe, flew upon his Enemies that followed him. It for-
tuned that one hurt him with a Pike, but the wound was neither dangerous nor great : wherefore P Jr-
ru ſet upon him that had hurt him, who was an ARG1AaN born, a man of mean condition, and
a poor old Womans Son, whoſe Mother at that preſent time was gotten up to the top of thetiles
of a Houſe, asall other Women of the City were, to ſee the Fight. And ſhe perceiving that it was her
Son whom Pyrras came upon , was fo atrighted to ſee him in that danger , that ſhe took a tile, and
with both her hands caſt it upon Pyrrs. The tile falling off from his head by reaſon of his Head-piece,
lighted tull in the nape of his neck, and brake his neck-bone aſunder'; wherewith he was ſuddenly (6
benummed , that he loſt-his ſight with the blow , the rains of his bridle fell out of his hand, and him.
ſelf fell from his Horſe to the ground , by Licymmias Tomb, before any man knew what he was, at
the leaſt the common People, Untill at the laſt there came one Zopyr# that was in pay with Antioc-
»4s , and two or threg other Souldiers alſo that ran ſtraight to the place, and knowing him , drag-
ged his body into a Gate , even as he was coming again to bimſelf out of this trance, This Zopyrus
drew out a SLAvON Sword he wore by his fide, to ſtrike off his head. But Pyrras caſt ſuch agrim
countenance on him between his eyes, that made him fo afraid, and his hand {foto ſhake therewith,
that being thus amazed , he did not ſtrike him right in the place where he ſhould have cut off his head,
but killed him under his mouth about his chin , ſo that he was a great while ere he could ſtrike off
his head. The matter was ſtraight blown abroad amongſt divers : whereupon Alcyonens running
thither , asked for the head that he might know it again. But when he had it, he ran preſently un-
to his Father withall, and found him talking with his familiar friends, and caft Pyrras head before him,
Antigonus looking upon it , when he knew it , laid upon his Son with his ſtaff, and called him cruell
murderer and unnaturall barbarous beaſt : and ſo hiding his eyes with his Cloak , wept for pity ( re-
membring the fortune of his Grandfather Antigens; , and of his Father Demetri«s) and then cauſed
P3rrus head and body to be honourably burnt and buried. Afterwards Alcyonens meeting Helenss
( King Pyrrus Son) in very poor eſtate , mufled up with a poor ſhort Cloak , uſed him very
courteouſly with gentle words, and brought him to his Father. Antigonas ſeeing his Son bringing
of him , ſaid unto him : This part now ( my Son ) is better then the FA , and pleaſeth me agreat
deal more. But yet thou haſt not done all thou ſhouldeſt : for thou ſhouldeſt have taken from him
his beggarly Cloak he weareth, which doth more ſhame us that are the gainers , then him that is the
loſer. After he had ſpokentheſe words , Antigonns embraced Helenys, and having apparelled him in
good-ſort, ſent him home with honourable Convoy into the Realm of Ep1rus, Furthermore , ſeizing
all Pyrr#s Camp and Army , he courteouſly uſed all his friends and Seryants,
The end of the life of Pyrros.
THE LIFE OF
CAIUVUS MARIVS.
eAnt. Chriſt,
3862. 86.
eAnno eMundas.
EE <VVSS-X1T is not known what was the third name of Caius Marins, no more
- LW = ll then of ©«intivs Sertorins , who had all Spa1N inhis hands at one time :
nor of Lucizs M:mmin , he that deſtroyed the City of CoxinTH. For
this Name of Achaitss that was given unto Adummirs, of Africanus unto
Scipio , and of Numidicus unto Metellz.s : were all Surnames given them,
by reaſon of the Conqueſts they wan. By this reaſon Poſidonixs think-
eth to overcome them that ſay , that the third Name the Romans
have, is their proper Name : as Camillvs, Marcellus, Cato, For if it fell
out ſo, ſaid he, then it muſt needs follow, that they which have two Names,
ſhould have no proper Name, But on the other PM alſo, he doth not con-
ſider that by the like reaſon he ſhould ſay , that women have no Names : for there is not a woman in
RomE that is called by her firſt Name, which Poſidonixs judgeth to be the proper Name of the Ro-
MANS, And that of the other two, the one is the common Name of all the Houſe or Family, as
of the POMPEIANS , of the MANLI1ANSs, and of the CoRNEL1ANS, like as the Heracr-
DES and the PELOPIDES are amongſt the GREC1aNs : and the other is a*Surname taken of the
deeds, or of the nature, form, or ſhape of the body , or of ſome other like accident, as are theſe Sur-
names, Macrinns,Torquatus,and Sy/la. Even as amongſt the GREc 14s likewiſe, Mnemon,which
ſignifieth having good memory : Grypos,havinga crooked noſe : Cal/*nices, conquering, But as for that,
the diverſity of cuſtom would deliver objection ſufficient ro the contrary, to him thar liſted, And fur-
thermore, as touching the favour of Marins face , we have ſeen an Image of his in Marble at Ra-
VENNA, a City of the Gauts, which doth lively repreſent that rough ſeverity of nature and man-
ners, which they ſay was in him. For being born a rough man by nature , and given to the Wars,
and having followed the ſame altogether from his youth , more then the civill life : when he cameto
Autnority , he could not bridle his anger and cholerick nature. And they ſay furthermore, that he
never learned the Greek Tongue , nor uſed it in any matters of weight : as though ir had been a
mockery to ſtudy to learn the Tongue, the Maſters whereof lived in bondage under others, After
his ſecond Triumph, in the dedication of a certain Temple , he made Greek Playes to ſhew the
ROMANS paſtime ; and came into the Theater , howbeit he did bur fir down onely , and went his
way firaight. Wherefore methinks , that as Plats was wont to ſay oft unto Xeneccrates the Philoſo-
pher , who was of a curriſh nature, had his head ever occupied, and too ſevere : Aenocrates,my friend,
] pray thee do Sacrifice to the Graces. So if any man could have perſwaded Afarixs to bave facrifi-
ced ro the A1*/is, and to the GRECIAN Graces : ( that is to fay, that he had known the Greek
Tongue) ro ſo many famous and glorious deeds as he did , both in Peace and Wars , he had not
Joyned ſo unfortunate and miſerable an end as he made, through his choler and extream ambition,
At
The names of
the Romanes.
Marius favour,
Marius could
not $kill of the
Greek Tongue,
Plato's ſaying
to Xenocrates,
—_— — —
—_ . -
s --
th—_ -— << <—wor
_—
=
350 CAIUS MARIVUS.
at ſuch years , and through an unſatiable covetouſneſs , which like boyſterous winds made him to
make ſhipwrack of all, in a moſt cruell, bloudy, and unnatural] rage. The which is eafily known in
Marius Pa= reading the Diſcourſe of his doings, Firſt ot all he was of a mean houſe, born of poor Parents
COON by Father and Mother, that got their livings by ſwear of their brows. His Father as himſelf, was |
and Countrey, led Cains : Falcinia was his Mother. And thiswas the cauſe why he began (0 late to haunt the « i-
ty, and to learn the civility and manners of Rom, having been brought up always before in a little
poor Village called C1RROEATON , Within the Territory of the City of Ar eos : where he led
a hard Countrey life , in reſpe& of thoſe that lived pleaſantly and finely in the Cities, but otherwiſe
Marius firlt yl] reformed, and neareſt unto the manners of the ancient Roma ns. The firſt Journey he made
| "gg unto the Wars , was againſt the CELT1BERIANS in SPAIN, under Scipio AFRICAN , when
he went to beſiege the City of NumMaNT1A : where his Captains in ſhort time found that he was a
better Souldier then any other of his companions. For he did marvellous eaſily receive the retormati.
on of manners, and the Diſcipline of Wars which Scipio advanced amongſt his Souldiers, that were
ill trained before , and given over to all pleaſure. And they fay , that in the fight of his Generall he
fought hand to hand with one of his Enemies, and ſlew him : upon which occaſion, Scipio to make him
love him , did offer him many courteſies and pleaſures. Bur ſpecially one day above the reſt, having
made him ſup with him at his Table , ſome one after Supper falling in talk of Caprains that were
in ROME at that time : one that ſtood by Scipio, asked him ( either becauſe indeed he ſtood in
doubt , or elſe for that he would curry favour with Scip:o ) what other Captain the Royaxg
ſhould have after his death, like unto him. S$cipzo having eMarins by him, gently clapped him upon
Scipio Africans the ſhoulders, and ſaid : Peradventure this ſhall be he, Thos happily were they both born, the one
judgement of to ſhew from his youth that one day he ſhould come to be a great man, and the other alſo tor wiſely
Marius, conjeRuring the end , by ſeeing of the beginning. Well , it fortuned ſo, that theſe words of Sc;p;
( by pc above all things elſe put e21arss in a good hope, as if they had been ſpoken by the O-
racle of ſome god, and made him bold to deal in marters of State and Common-wealth : where by
means of the favour and countenance Ceci/ius Merellys gave him ( whoſe houſe his Father and he had
Marius Tri- always followed and honoured ) he obtained the office of Tribuneſhip. In this Office he preferred
bune of the a Law touching the manner how to give the voyces in election of the Magiſtrates , which did ſeem to
People. rake from the Nobility the Authority they had in Judgement, And therefore the Coniull Corra ſtep.
Conta Conſul, 4 up againſt it, and perſwaded the Senate to reſiſt that Law , and not ſuffer it to be authoriſed,
and therewithall preſently to call A/arixs before them to yeeld a reaſon of his doing. So was it agreed
upon in Senate, Now /Marizs coming into the Senate , was not abaſhed at any thing, as ſome other
young man would have been , that had but newly enter into the World as he did , and ha-
ving no other notable calling or quality in him , {aving his vertue onely ro commend him : but taking
boldneſs of himſelf ( as the noble afts he afterwards did , gave ſhew of his valour ) he openly
threatned the Conſull {ore to ſend him to Priſon, if he did not preſently withdraw the concluſion
he nad cauſed to be reſolved upon. The Conſull then turning himſelf unto Cecilizs IMerelins, al
ked how he liked it? Merellus ſtanding up, ſpake in the behalf of the Conſull : and then Ariz
calling a Serjeant out , commanded him to rake ereltwu ſelf , and to carry him to Priſon, «Her l-
{us appealed to the other Tribunes , butnever a one would take his matter in hand : ſo-thar the Se-
nate when all was done , were compelled to call back the concluſion that before was taken. Then
H ariws returning with great honour into the Market-place among the Aſſembly of the People, cau-
ſed this Law to paſs and be authorized: and every man held opinion of him that he would prove
a ſtout man, and ſuch a one, as would not ſtoop for any fear , nor ſhrink for baſhfulneſs, but
would beard the Senate in favour of the People. Notwithſtanding he thortly after changed opinion,
and altered the firſt, by another act he made : for when another went about to have a Lai made,
ro diſtribute Corn unto every Citizen without payment of any penny , he was vehemently againſt
it , and overthrew it ? ſo that thereby he came to be alike honoured aad eſteemed of either party,
as he that would neither pleaſure the one, nor the other , to the prejudice of the Common-wealth,
After he had been Tribune, he ſued for the chiefeſt Office of Xdilis. Of the Xdilis there are two
Two ſorts of
Adiles. ſorts : the firſt is called eAatlitas Cnrnulu, lo named, becauſe of certain Chairs that have croo-
Ediliszs Cu- ked feet, upon which they fit when they give audience. The other is of leſs dignity , and that is
TRUE. called e# di/itas Popularis., And when they have choſen the firſt and greater Adilis at Row, they
— = "ag F0- preſently proceed .the ſame day alſo in the Market-place untoele@tion of the leſſer. Marim ſee-
Marizs denied Ing plainly that he was pur by the chiefeſt ot the A&diles, turned again ſtraight yer ro demand the
ro be Adilis. ſecond : but this was miſliked in him, and they took him tor too bold , roo ſhameleſs, and too
preſumptuous a man, <o that in one ſelt-day he had two denials and repulſes , which never man
Marius choſen yt himſelf before had. And nevertheleſs, all this could not cut his comb, but ſhortly after he
RO ſued alſo for the Prztorſhip, and he lacked but a little of the deniall of that : yer in the end, being
laſt of all choſen, he was accuſed to have bribed the People , and bought their voyces for Money.
And ſurely amongft many other, this preſumption was very great : thatthey ſaw a man of Caſſius
$abaron within the Bars where the eleftion is made, running to and froamong them that gave their
voyces; becauſe this Sabacon was Haring very great friend. The matter came before the Judges,
and Sahacon was examined upon it : whereunto he anſwered, that for the great extream heat he
felt, he was verydry , and asked for cold water to drink , and that his man had brought him ſome
$44:c0n pur off in a pot where he was, howbeit that he went his way as ſoon as ever he had drunk, This $4#4-
ris Senate. con was afterwards put out of the Senate by the next Cenſors, and many judge that he was worthy
ot
——— — — — — ———
CAIVS MARIVUS.
— —
— —
39
of this infamy , for that he was perjured in judgement , or becauſe he was ſo ſubje& and givento his
pleaſure. Caius Herennizs was allo called for a witneſs againſt Aſarius : but he did alledge (or his
excuſe , that the Law and cuſtome did diſpenſe with the Patron, to be a witneſs againſt his tollower
and Client ; and he was quit by the Judges. For the Romans always call thoſe Patrons , who
cake the protection of meaner then themſelves into their hands : ſaying, that Afarim | redeceſſors,
and Marin himſelf , had ever been followers of the Houſe of the Hext xx1axs. The Judges
received his anſwer , and allowed thereof, But Maris ſpake againſt it , alledging that ſince he had
received this honour to bear Office in the Common-wealth , he was now grown from this baſe con-
dition, to be any more a follower of any man: the which isnot true inall. For every Office of a
Magiſtrate doth not exempt him that haththe Office nor yer his Poſterity to be under the Patronage
of another , nor doth diſcharge him from the duty of honouring them : but of neceffiry he muſt be
a Magiſtrate , which the Law doth permit to fit in the crooked Chair called Cxrx{is , that is to ſay,
carried upon a Chariot through the City, But notwithſtanding that at the firſt hearing of this Caule?
Marins had bur ill ſucceſs , and that the Judges were againſt him all they could ; yet in theend for
all that, at the laſt hearing of this matter, Maris, contrary to all mens opinions, was diſcharged, be-
cauſe the Judges opinions with and againſt him fell to be of like number. He uſed himſelf very Or-
derly in his Office of Prxtorſhip, and after his year was out , when it came to divide the Provinces
by lot, $P41N fell unto him, which is beyond the River of Bztis : where it is reported , that he
ſcowred all the Countrey cthereabouts of Theeves and Robbers, which notwithſtanding was yet very
cruell and ſavage , for the rude, baxbarous, and uncivill manner and taſhion of life of the Inhabitants
there, For the Span1aRDs were of opinion even at that time, that it was a goodly thing to live
upon theft and robbery. Art his return-to ROMe out of Sra1in, deſiring to deal in matters of
the Common-wealth , he ſaw that he had neither eloquence nor riches, which were the two means, by
the which thoſe that were at that time in credit and authority,did carry the People even as they would.
Notwithſtanding,they made great account of his conſtancy and noble mind they found in him , of his
great pains and travell he rook continually, and of the ſimplicity of his lice : which were cauſes
to bring him to honour and preferment, infomuch as he married very highly. For be married
?.lia , that was of the nobleſt Houſe of the Czſars , and Aunt unto Zulins Ceſar : who afterwards
came to be the chiefeſt man of all the Roma ns, and who by reaſon of that alliance between
them , ſeemed in ſomethings to follow Aſarins, as we havewritten in his Life. Aſarivs was a man
of great temperance and patience, as may be judged by an act he did , putting himſelf into the hands
of © hyrurgions. For his ſhanks and legs were full of great ſwollen veins , and being angry be-
cauſe it was no pleaſant thing to behold , he determined to put himſelf into the hands of Chyrur-
gions to be cured. And firſt, laying out one of his legs to the Chyrurgion to work upon , he.
would not be bound as others are in like caſe : but patiently abode all the extream pains a man muſt
of neceſlity feel being cuc , without ſtirring , groaning, or ſighing , ſtill keeping his countenance,
and ſaid never a word. But when the Chyrurgion had done with his firſt leg , and would have
gone to the other , he would not give it lim : Nay , ſaid he, I fee the Cure is not worth the pain
I muſt abide. Afterwards Cecil.ys Metellus the Conluil , being appointed to go into ArR1cx
ro make War with King Jug«rth, took Marins with him for one of his Lieutenants, eAfarins
being there, ſeeing notable good ſervice to be done , and occaſion to ſhew his manhood , was
not of mind in this Voyage to increaſe AMete/as honour and reputation, as other Lieutenants did :
and thought that it was not Mere{xs that called him forth tor bis Lieutenant , bur Fortune her
ſelf that preſented him a fit occaſion to raiſe him to greatneſs , and ( as it were ) did lead him
by the hand into a goodly Field, to put him to the proof of thar he could do. And for this
cauſe therefore, he endeavoured himſelf to ſhew all the poſlible proofs of valiantneſs and honour
hecould. For the Wars being great continually there, he never for fear refuſed any attempt or
ſervice , how dangerous or painfull ſoever it were , neither diſdained to take any fervice in hand,
were it never ſo little ; but exceeding all other his fellows and companions in wiſdom and fore-
ſight in thar which was to be done, and ſtriving with the meaneſt Souldiers in living hardly and pain-
fully, he wah the good-will and favour of every man. For to ſay truly , it isa great comfort and
refreſhing to Souldiers that labour , to have companions that labour willingly with chem. For that
they think, that their company labouring with them , doth in manner take away the compulſion and
neceſlity, Furthermore , it pleaſeth the Roman Souldier marvelloully to ſee the Generall eat
openly of the ſame bread he eaterh , or that he lieth on a hard bed as he doth , or that himſelf is the
firſt man to ſet his hand to any work when a Trench is to be caſt , or their Campto be fortified, For
they do not ſo much eſteem the Captains that honour and reward them , as they do thoſe that in
dangerous attempts , labour and venture their lives with them, And further, they do far better
love them that take pains with them, then thoſe that ſuffer them to live idlely by them. Marius
performing all this, and winning thereby the love and good-wills of his Souldiers : he ſtraight filled all
LyB1A and the City of ROMs with his glory , ſo that he was in every mans mouth. For they thac
were inthe Camp in Arr1cx , wrote unto them that were at Row , that they ſhould never ſee the
end of thoſe Wars againſt this barbarous King,if they gave not the charge unto Aarizs, and chole him
Conlull. Theſe things miſliked Mere//ws very much , bur ſpecially the misfortune that came upon T #7-
pilizy did marelenty trouble him : which fell out in.this ſort ; Txrpilizs was Merelirs friend, yea
he and all his Parents had followed Merellws in this War , being Maſter of the Works in his Camp.
Aetellws. made him Governour over the City of Vacca, a goodly great City : and he —_
the
—
Caius Herennie
us pleaced in
Marius bchal!f
touching the
Patron and
Client.
MariusaQs in
Spain.
The opinion
of Spaniards in
old rime.
Floquence and
riches raiſed
men to autho-
rity,
How Marius
credir and eſtia
marivn grew.
Fulia, Marius
Wife.
Marius tempe-
rance and pati-
ence.
Cacilins)cteL.
lus Ccniu!!.
Marius AMctel-
lus Licurenant
in the War a-
Sainſ Furuny
The labour
and preſence
of the Generall
maketh the
Souldiers work
willingly.
Aarius the au-
thour of Twurpie
lins falle accu-
ſation and
death,
CAIUS MARIVS.
the Inhabitants of the ſame very gently and courteouſly , miſtruſted nothing till he was fallen. into the
Poccaagreaz hands of his Enemies through their Treaſon, For they had brought King 7»g»»th into their City un-
City, known to him , howbeit they did him no hurt , bur anely begged him of the- King , and ler bim £0
The cauſe of 1; way ſafe. And this was the cauſe why they actufed Turpilins of Treaſon;/ Afarins being one of
Cd his Judges in the Council, was not contented to be bitter to him himſelf, but moved, 4 of the
Councill beſides to be againſt him : ſothat Merelus by the voyces of the People,was@twen againſt
D —
Turpilius.
PR his will to condemn him to ſuffer as a Traytor : and —y after it was found and proved, that T gy.
Turpilius = p;lius was wrongfully condemned and put to, death. Tofay truly , there was not one of the Councill
wrongfully put þ1it were very lorry with Aetellus , who marvellouſly impatiently rook the death of the poor in-
——_— nocent. But Marims contrarily rejoyced , and took it upon him that he purſued his death , and was
not aſhamed to make open vaunts, that he had hanged a fury about Aere//us neck, to revenge his
friends bloud, whom he guiltleſs had cauſed ro be pur to death. Afrer that time they became mor.
tall enemies. And they fay , that one day erel/xs ro mock him withall, faid unto him: O good
man, thou wilt leave us then, and return to ROME to ſue for the Conſulſhip : and canſt thou not be
go contented to tarry to be Conſull with my Son ? Now his Son at that time was but a boy, Bur
Liz andMarius, howſoever the matter went, Afariu left him not fo, but laboured for leave all he could poſſible, And
Metellus after he had uſed many delays and excules, at the length gave him leave, twelve days onely
before the day of ele&ion of the Conſuls, Wheretore Marims made haſte, and in two days and a
night came from the Camp to UT1c a upon the Sea fide, which is a marvellous way from it ; and
there before he took Ship, did Sacrifices unto the gods, and the Soothſayer told him , that the gods
by the ſigns of his Sacrifices , did promiſe him uncredibile proſperity , and ſo great, as he himſelf
durſt not hope after. Theſe words made Mari heart greater : whereupon he hoiſed Sail , and ha«
ving a paſſing good gale of wind in the pcop of the Ship , paſſed the Seas in four days, and be-
ing landed , rode poſte to Rome. When he was arrived , he went to ſhew himſelf unto the People ;
who were marvellous deſirous to ſee him. And being brought by -one of the Tribunes of the People
unto the Pulpit for Orations , after many accuſations which he objeted againſt Mecrelws , in the end
: he beſought the People to chooſe him Conſull , promiſing that within few days he- would either kill,
Marius firſt + take King J»g«rth Priſoner. Whereupon he was choſen Conſull without any contradiQion,- And
Cota ſo ſoon as he was proclaimed , he began immediately to leavie men of War , cauſing many poor
men that had nothing, and many Slaves alſo, to be enrolled againſt the order of ancient cuſtom ;
where other Captains before him did receive no ſuch manner of men, and did no moxe ſuffer unwor-
thy men to be Souldiers, then they did allow of unworthy Officers in the Common-wealth : in doing
the which every one of them that were enrolled , left their Goods behind them, as a pledge of their
good ſervice abroad in the Wars. Yet this was not the matter that made Marius to be moſt ha-
ted, but they were his ſtout proud words full of contempt of others, that did chiefly offend the No-
Marius offend- blemen in the City, For he proclaimed irevery where abroad as it were, that his Conſulſhip was 2
edthe Nobili- ſpoil he had gotten of the effeminate rich Noblemen through his valiantneſs , and that the wounds
_— which he had upon his body for the ſervice of the Common-weal , were thoſe that recommended
him to the People, and were his ſtrength , and not the Monuments of the dead , nor the Images and
Statues of others. And oft times naming Albin, and otherwhile Beftia , both Noblemen,and of
great Houſes, who having been Generals of the Roman Army, had very ill fortune in the
Countrey of Ly 31A : hecalled them cowards and ſimple Souldiers, asking them that were about
him, if they did not think that their Anceſtors would rather have wiſhed to have left their Children
that came of them like unto himſelf, then ſuch as they had been : conſidering that they themſelves
had won honour and glory , not for that they were deſcended of noble bloud, but through their de-
ſerved vertue and valiant deeds. Now A{arius ſpake not theſe words in a fooliſh bravery , and for
vain glory onely , to purchaſe the ill will of the Nobility for nothing : but the common People be-
ing very glad to ſee him; ſhame and deſpight the Senate, and meaſuring always the greatneſs of his
courage with his haughty fierce words , they egged him forward till not ro ſparethe Nobility, and
to reprove the great men , ſo that he ever held with the Commonalty, And furthermore, when he
' was paſſed over again into ArR1cx, it ſpighted Merellus to the heart , becauſe that he having
Marius depri- ended all the War, that there remained almoſt no more to take or win , Marine ſhould come in
ow _ # that ſortto take away the Glory and Triumph out of his hands , having ſought to riſe and increaſe
conquering of ÞY unthankfulneſs towards him. He would not come to him therefore , but went another way ,
King Fugursh. and left the Army with Rr5/5s one of his Lieutenants, to deliver the ſame unto him, Howbeit,
the revenge of this ingratitude, lighted in the end upon Aarius own neck : for Sylls took out
of Marins hands the honour of ending this War , even as Marius had taken 'it from Merellns,
But how , and after what ſort;, I will repeat it in few words, becauſe we have written the particula-
Bocchus King rities more at large in the life of Sy//a. Bocchns King of high Nuw1D1a , was Father-in-law unto
of Numidia, King J«gurth, unto whom he gave no great aid , whileft he made Wars with the Romans , be-
lord Fu cauſe he hated his unfaitbfulneſs, and feared leſt he would make himſelf greater then he was : bur in the
-” unto 5)*- end, after Z»grth had fled, and wandred up and down in every place , he was conſtrained of very ne-
ceſlity to caſt his laſt hope and anker upon him, as his finall refuge , and ſo repair unto him, Kin
Bocchus received him rather for ſhame,becauſe he durſt not puniſh him , then for any love or g
will he bare him : and having him in his hands, ſeemed openly to intreat Marins for him, and ſc-
cretly to write the contrary unto him. But in the mean time , he praQtiſed Treaſon under-hand,
and ſent privily for Zxcins S7ila , who then was Quzſtor (toſay , high Treaſurer) under Marivs,
| . ang
SJ ouXx :
=
S
CAIUVS MARIVUS.
_ —
—_ -
and of whom he had received certain pleaſures in*thole Wars, Sy{a_ truſting wo this Burrows
King , went at his ſencing for ro him; Bu when he was come , King 'Bocchus repented him oi bs 1 :-t4c $0
promiſe , and altered his mind , ſtanding many Gaies in doubt with humfelt how to reſolve, whe} Queitor under
ther he ſhould deliver King Jugarth, or keep Syla himſelt : yer at the laſt he went on with bits ©04*
purpoſe and intended treaion,, and delivered King - Z#garth alive into Sy{{a's hands, And this was
the firſt originall cauſe of the peſtilent and mortall enmiry that grew atterwards berwixt 27ar;:;
and $y/la , and was like to have utterly overthrown the City of Kome , and to have razed thx
foundation of the Empire unto the ground. For many envying the glory of (arizs, gave it our 152 0rigine!
. . * » * * a , , ” -4ule ot \@ KC
every where, that this A& of the raking of King 7,garth , appertained onely unto Sy/la : and Syliz ©: t the c
TY . viit Vi. ars be-
himiclf cauſed a Ring to be made, which he wore commonly, and had graven upon the Stone of ,vive 37cvjug
the ſame, how Bocchys delivered J«gurth into his hands, And afterwards he made it alwaies his and 59/4.
Seal ro diſpite Maris withall, who was an ambitious and proud man, and could” abide no con-
panion tv be partaker of the glory of his doings : and Sy{/z did it eſpecially at the procurement
of Enemies and ill willers , who gave the glory of the begining and chief exploits of this War ,
unto eMerellzz ;, and the laſt and finall concluſion unto Sy/a, to the end that the People ſhould nor
have Afarim iu fo great eſtimation and good opinion , 4s they had before, But all this envy, de-
tration and hatred againſt Marius , was ſoon atter extinguiſhed and troven under foot , by. rea-
ſon of the great danger that fell upon all IT a 1.y out of the Weſt : and they never ſpake of it af-
teerwards , knowing that the Commonwealth ſtood in need of a good « aptain, and that they be-
an to look about, and conſider who ſhould be that great Wile Pilor , that might fave and pre-
ſerve it from ſo great and dangerous a ſtorm of War. For there was.not a Noble man of all the
ancient Houſes of Rowe, that durſt undertake to offer himſelf ro demand the Conſulſhip : bur
Marins being abſent , was choſen Conlull the ſecond time, lor Jugurth was no looner taken,
but news came to RoME of the coming down of the TeutToNs, and of the CimyrEs, the
which would not be beleeved at the firſt , by reaſon of the infinite numer of the tighting men which
was ſaid to be in their company , and tor the uncredible force and Power of the Arinies which
was juſtified ro come : bur afterwards they knew plainly , that the rumour that ran abroad was Th, erm;
leſs then the truth fell out indeed, For they were three hundred thouſand fighting men all Ar- into Italy of
med , who brought with them alſo another multitude as great ( or more ) of Women and Children ; the Teurons
which wandred up and down ſeeking Countries and Towns to dwell and live in, as they: heard ny Cmbrex,
ſay the Gaut.s had done in old time, who leaving their own Countrey , came, and had poſlef- ES
ſed the beſt part of IT a Ly , which they had taken away from the Thuscans, Now to lay truly, and Cimbres
no man knew of what Nation they were , nor from whence they came ; as well for that they had Three hun-
no friendſhip with any other People , as alſo becauſe they came out of a far Countrey , as a Cloud 9red thouſand
of People that was ſpread all over Gaur and ITALY. 1t was doubted much they were a People ©
of GERMANY , dwelling about the North fide : and this they conjectured by view of the greatneſs
of their Bodies, and alſo for that they had dark blew eyes and red, befides that the GRecrans
in their Tongue do call Theeves and Robbers, Cunbres. Other ſay, Celtica, for the great
length and largneſs of the Countrey , ſtretching ir ſelf from the Coaſt of the great Ocean Sea, and £#nbr4.
from the North parts , drawing towards the Mariſhes MozOT1DEs, and the Eaft , runneth into
ScyTHIA, or TARTAREA PONTICA : and that for neighbourhood theſe two Nations joyned
together , and went our of their Country , not that they made this great voyage all at one time , bur
ar many ſundry times , marching yearly in the Spring further and further into the Countrey, And
thus by continuance of time , they paſſed by force of Arms through all the firm Land of Euro yt :
and that for this cauſe , although they had many particular Names according to the diverſity of their
Nations , yet all this Maſs and multitude of People = rogether , were called notwithſtanding,
the Army of the CELTOSCYTHES , as who would ſay, the CELTOTARTARES, Other hold 0-
pinion that the Nation of the Cinu»ER1aNS , who were known in old time for ancient GrEC1- Cimmer:.
ANS, the one part of them were not very great in reſpect of the whole, the which being fled ( or
driven out of their Country for ſome civill difſention ) were compelled by the Tarr ares to paſs
beyond the Mariihes MOzOT1DES , into the Countries of As14, wider the condution of a Cap-
tain called Ligdamis. But the reſidue of them, which were a far greater number, and more Wzrlike
men , they dwelt in the furtheſt parts of the Earth, adjoyning to the great Ocean Sea , ina dark ſha-
dowed C ountrey covered with wonderfull Forreſts, of ſuch length , and ſo great and thick , and the
Trees ſo high, that the Sun can have no Power upon the ground, and they joyn hard upon the great
Forreſt of HErcY N1a. And furthermore, they are under ſuch a climate , wherethe Pole is ot ſuch
a height by the inclination of the Circles equidiſtant , which they all Parallels , tizat it is not far
from the Point that anſwereth directly to the plummet upon the head of the 1nhabitants : and where
the daies are Equino@tall, They do divide all cheir time in two parts , the which giveth Homer occa-
ton to fame, that when Viyſes would call upon the dead , he went into the Countrey of the C1»-
MERIANS, as into the Countrey of Hell. And this is the cauſe why they ſay theſe Barbarous
People left their own Countries to come into ITALY, which irom the beginning were called
C1MMERIANS, and afterwards the ſay (and not without great likelihood ) that they were ſur-
named CIMBRES ; howbeit that is ' &- A rather by a likely conjeEture, then by any affured troth
of Hiſtory. And as for the multitude of men, the moſt part of Hiſtoriographers do Write, that they
were rather more then leſs, then we have ſpoken of : and that they were ſo hardy and Valiant, that
nothing could ſtand before them , they did fo great things by the ſtrength of their bands, where
H h they
wo
CAI VS eMARIVS.
Marius choſen
Conſull the le-
cond time a-
gainſt the
Lay.
Law muſt
give place to
common bene-
fit,
Afarius Tri-
umph into
Rome for King
Fugurth,
How Maris
trained his
Souldiers.
Marius Moils.
Marius come
mcnided for
his juſtice,
they fought with any, ſo violently and ſo ſuddenly that they ſeemed to be like a Lightning Fire all
about where they came, By means whereof, they met with no man that durſt reſiſt them , bur
ſcraped together and carried away all that they found , hand over head ; and there were many Ro.
MAN Captains appointed GCovernours to Keep that which the Romans held in Gaur, te-
yond the Mountains, who with great Armies were ſhamefully overthrown by them, The co.
wardlineſs of thoſe whom they had overcome, was the chiefeft cauſe that moved them to dire&
their journey to Rome. For when they had vanquiſhed the firſt they had fought withall, and gOt=
ren great riches alſog; they were ſo fleſhed by this, that they determined to ſtay no where , betore
they had deſtroyed RoME , and ſacked all ITALY. The Romans hearing of this our of all parts,
ſent for 11arizs to give him the conduction and leading of theſe Wars , and choſe him Conlull the
ſecond time : notwithſtanding that it was directly againſt the Law , that did expreſly forbid any
man to be choſen being abſent, and untill alſo a cerrain time appointed had paſt between the
vacation and Election, before they could chule him Officer twice in one Office. Some alledged
this Law , of intent to hinder the Ele&tion : but the People repulſed them , objeRting to the contra-
ry , that this was not the firſt time the Law had given place to the benefit of the Commonwealth,
and thar the occaſion offered to abrogate the Law at that preſent, was no leſs then former occa-
fions by the which they choſe Scip:o Conlull, againſt the courſe and time appointed by the Law,
not for any fear they ſtood in to loſe their own Countrey , but for the deſire they had to deſtroy
the Countrey of the CARTHAGINIANS , by reaſon whereof the People proceeded to EleRion,
And Marizs bringing home his Army again out of Ly 1a into ITALY , took poſſeſſion of his
Conſulſhip the firſt day of January ( on which day the RowaNs begin their year ) and there-
withall made his Triumph into the City of Ro», ſthewing that to the Romans, which the
thought never to have ſeen : and that was, King Jngurth Priloner , who was ſo ſubtill a man”, and
could ſo well frame himſelt unto his fortune , and with his craft and ſubtilty was of ſo great courage
beſides, that none of his E nemics ever hoped to have had him alive, Bur it is ſaid , that after he
was led in this Triumph, he fell mad ſtraight upon it ; and the Pomp of Triumph being ended,
he was carried into Priſon , where the Sergeants for haſt ro have the ſpoil of him , tore his apparell
by force from off his back : and becauſe they would take away his rich Gold Ear-rings that hung at
his Ears, they pulled away with them the tip of his Ear , and then caſt him naked to the bot-
tom of a deep Dungeon , his wits being altogether troubled, Yet when they did throw him
down, laughing hefaid : O Hercules , how cold are your Stoves ? He lived there yet fix daies,
fighting with hunger , and defiring alwaies to prolong his miſerable Life unto the laſt hour : the
which was a juſt deferved puniſhment for his wicked Lite, In this Triumph were carried ( as they
ſay ) three thouſand and ſeven hundred Pound weight in Gold, and of Silver Niggors , five thou-
fand ſeven hundred and ſeventy five Pound weight : and more in Gold and ready Coin, eight and
twenty thouſand and ſeven hundred Crowns, After this Triumph Afarizs cauſed the Senate to
Aſſemble within the Capitol], where he entred into the company with his Triumphing Robe, either
becauſe he forgot it, or elſe of too groſs and uncivill arrogancy : but perceiving that all the Aſſem-
bly milliked of it, he roſe ſuddenly, and took his long Conſulls Gown , and then returned quickly
again into his place, Furthermore, Marius departing to go to the Wars, thought to train his
Army by the way , andto harden his Souldiers unto labour, cauſing them to run every way , making
great long journeys , compelling each Souldier to carry his own Furniture, and to prepare him ne-
cefſary Vidtuals to find himſelf withall : ſo that ever after they made a Proverb of it, and called
ſuch as were painfull and willing to do that which they were commanded without grudging , Mariw
Moils. Other notwithſtanding do ſhew another cauſe and beginning of this Proverb : for they
ſay , that Scipio lying at the ſiege of the City of Numa NTIA, would not onely take view of the
Armour and Horſes of Service that were in his Army, but alſo of the Moils and other Beaſts of bur-
den , becauſe he would ſee how they were kept and furniſhed. So Jari brought his Horſe and
Moil to the Muſter which he kept himſelf, far, fair, and very well dreſt , and his Moils hair (0
ſlick and ſmooth, and therewithall ſo luſty and trim , as none of the reſt were like unto them, Fci-
pio took great pleaſure to ſee theſe Beaſts fo well kept , and in ſo good plight : inſomuch as he ſpcke
of it afterwards many a time and oft, And upon his words , this manner of talk was taken up
ever after, and became a common Proverb : when they mean to mock any man that is pain-
ſull, and given to ſore labour , making as though they would praiſe him, they call him Marin
Moil. Furthermore, it was a happy turn for Afar: ( in mine opinion ) that theſe Barbarous
People (like in force to the beating back of the raging Seas) turned their firſt tury towards SP a1X :
and that he in the mean ſpace had time and leaſure to train and exerciſe his Souldiers to make
them bold , and withall, himſelf ro be throughly known amongſt them, For when by little and
little they had learned not to offend, nor diſobey , then they tound his rough commanding , and
{ſharp ſeverity in puniſhing ſuch as ſlacked their duty , both profitable and very neceſlary , beſides
that it was alſo juſt and reaſonable, Again his great fury , his ſharp words, and hrs fierce looks,
after they had a while been uſed-to them , by little and little they ſeemed nothing ſo fearfull ro them,
as to their Enemies, But the thing that pleaſed the Souldiers more then all the reft , was his juſtice
and upright dealing : whereof they report ſuch an example : ſari had a Nephew of his in his
Camp, called (a: Lucius , who bad charge of men in the Army. This Lucius was taken for 4
marvellous honeſt man , ſaving that he had this foul Vice in him, that he would be ſuddenly 1n love
with fair young Boys : and as at that time he fell in love with a trim young ſtripling , _ Tre-
: ons
i Pd — h"—_ —_—
—_ ay
—
_——_
— - —— ———<— —_— _— — — ——
CAO MARIO iS
— —— uu w—
benixs , that ſerved under him, and having many times lewdly enticed him and never could ob-
rain his purpoſe , at the laſt ſent for him one night by his Servant, The young man might not dif.
obey his C aprain being ſent for , but preſently went unto him, When he was come into his Tere ;
and that his Captain did ſtrive with all his torce ro do him villany : he drew out his Sword, and
killed him in the place. And this was done when eA/arizs was out of his Camp :, who fo ſoon as
he returned , cauled rhe Marſhall to bring the young man before him. Many ſtepped forth ſtraight
ro accuſe him, bur no man to defend him, Wherefore he boldly began ro tell his tale himlclf,
and ro Name many Witneſſes, who had both ſeen and known how his dead Captain had ot-
tentimes offered him diſhonour , and how that he had continually reſiſted his abominable mo.
tion, and would never yeeld himſelf unto him, for any Gift or Preſent he could offer him. Where-
fore Marins commending him greatly, and being very glad of it , cauſed preſently one of thoſe
Crowns to be brought unto him , which are uſed to be given to them, that in a day of Battell have
done ſome Valiant deed , and he himſelt did Crown Trebonirs withall ,. as one that had done a
Noble A&R, and at ſucha time, as good and honeſt examples were requiſite, This judgement of
Marins being carried to RoxE , ſtood him to great good purpoſe towards the obtaining of his
third Condulihip : beſide alſo that they looked for the coming back of theſe Barbarous People
about the Spring, with whom the Roman Souldiers would not fight under any other Cap-
tain then Aſarizs. Howbeirt they came not ſo ſoon again as they looked for them, but 24a- Marius third
rius paſſed over alſo the year of his third Conſulfſiip, So time coming about again for the Con{ulſhip.
EleRtion of the new Conſulls and his companion alſo being dead ,. he was driven to g0 himſelf Menus Acilius
unto Rowe , leaving the charge of his Camp in his abſence unto Aanins Acilins, At that time ang ng or
there were many Noble men that ſued for the Conſulſhip : but Lucius Saturninus one of the Tri- row poor 4. -_
bunes , who had the Communalty under his Girdle as he would himſelf , more then any of the Lucius$arurni-
other Tribunes, and being won under hand by Afarizs, made many Orations, in the which 14s Tribune.
he perſwaded the People ro chule Afarins Conlull the tourth time. Afarins to the contrary, ſee-
med to refuſe it , ſaying , that he would none of it, though the People choſe him, Whereupon
Saterninus called him Traitor , crying our, Thar his refuſall in ſuch a danger and time of neceſlity,
was an apparent part to betray the Commonwealth, It was found ſtraight that this was a groſs
pack betwixt Saturnmus and Marius, by ſuch as could ſee day at a little hole, Nevertheleſs, the
People conſidering that their Preſent troubles required Marixs $kill and good Fortune in the Wars,
they made him Conſull the fourth time, and joyned Catulus Luttatius Conſul with him, a man 1c,,;u, gurch
that was greatly honoured of the Nobility , and not miſliked alſo of the common People. Marius Conſulſhip
having News of the approaching of the Barbarous People , patled over the Alpes with great ſpeed, with Carulus
and fortifying bis Camp by the River of KHoxE , he brought great proviſion ot all kinds of Victu- Po nn
als thither with him , leſt being traighted by lack thereot , he ſhould be forced ro come to Bartel] ***44%%* f-
at any other time bur even as he would himſelf, and as it ſhould ſeem good unto him. And where
before that time the tranſporting of Victualls unto his Camp by Sea was very long, and dangerous,
and a marvellous great charge beſides : he made it very ſhort and eafie by this means. The mouth
of the River of RHONE had gathered together ſo much Mud, and ſuch ſtore of Sand, which the
waves of the <ea had caſt on heaps together, that the ſame was become very high and® deep : ſo as
the banks made the entry into it very narrow, hard , and dangerous for great Ships of burden thar
came from the Sea, Afarins conſidering this matter , ſet his men on work while they had nothing to
do, and made them dig a large Trench and deep Channell , into the which he turned a great part
of the River, and carried it to a convenientiplace of the Coaſt , where the Water fell into the Sea by
an open gulf , whereby he made it able ro carry the greateſt Ships that were : and beſides that , it
was in a very ſtill quiet place , nor being troubled with winds nor waves. The Channell carrieth yet ,,_._ -,
his Name, and is called Marius Channel| or Trench. Theſe Barbarous People divided themſelves in- ,.y
to two Armies to paſs into ITALY, ſo that it fell our to the one part which were the C11BREs, to The Cimbres
0 through high GerMANIE, and to force that paſſage which Carulus kept : and unto the other went through
part, which were the TzutONs and AMBRONS, to pals through the Countrey of the Gz x0- a, into
VESIANS by the Sea fide againſt Marius, Now the C1MBRES having the greater compaſs to The Tres
fetch about , ſtayed longer , and remained behind : but the TxuTONs and the AmzRoNSs going and Ambrons
their way firſt , had in few daies diſpatched their journey they had to go , to bring them to the Camp fall upon XMa-
where the Romans lay, unto whom they preſented themſelves by infinite numbers , with ter. 7#s to pals
rible faces to behold, and their cries and voices far contrary unto other mens, They took in a n—
marvellous deal of Ground in length to Camp upon , and ſo came forth ro defie Marins, and pro- _—_ =
voke him to-Bartell in open Field. Aarins made no reckoning of all their bragging dehances , but Genus.
kept his men together within his Camp , taking on terribly with them that would raſhly take upon
them to move ought to the contrary, and which through impatience of choler would needs g9
forth to fight , calling them Traitors to their Countrey. For ſaid he , we are not come to fight for
our private glory , neither to win Triumphs nor Victories for our ſelves : but we muſt ſeek by all
means to divert and put by this great ſhower of Wars from us, and this Lightning and Tempeſt ,
that it overcomenot all Iraty. Theſe words he ſpake unto the private Captains which were un-
der him, as unto men of behaviour and quality : but as for the common Souldiers , he made them
ſtand upon the Trenches of his Camp, one atter another to behold the Enemies , and to acquaint
themſelves with fight of their faces, theix countenance , and marching, and not to be afraid of
their voices, and the manner of their ſpeech, which was wonderfull ſtrange and beaſtly : and alſo that
Hh 2 they
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CAIUVS M ARIVS.
they might know the faſhion of their Weapons, and how they handled them, And by this order and
ordinary viewing of them, in time he made the things that ſeemed fearfull unto his men ar the firſt
ſight, to be afterwards very familiar : ſo that they made no more wondering at them. For he judged
the thing which indeed is rrue , that a rare and new matter never ſeen before, for lack of judgement
and underſtanding maketh things unknown to us, more horrible and fearfull then they a © : and to
the contrary, that cuſtom taketh away a great deal of fear and terror of thoſe things, which þ
nature are indeed fearfull, The which was ſeen then by experience, For they being daily acquaint-
ed to look upon theſe Barbarous People , it did not onely diminiſh {ome part of the fornier icar of
the ROMAN Souldiers : but furthermore , they whetrting their choller with the fierce untollerable
threats and brags of theſe Barbarous brutiſh People, did fet their hearts afire ro fight with them :
becauſe they did not onely waſte and deſtroy all the Countrey about them , bur beſides that , came 9
give aſſault even unto their Camp, with ſuch a boldneſs, that the Roma N Souldiers could no
longer ſuffer them, and they letted nor ro ſpeak words that came ro Afarins ears himſelf, Whar
cowardlineſs hath Marius ever known in us, that he keeps us thus from fighting , and under lock and
Key as it were, in the guard of Porters, as if we were Women ? Let us theretore ſhew our ſelves
like Men , and go ask hum if he look tor any other Souldiers , beſides our ſelves to defend Ir ary ;
and if he have determined to employ us as Pioners onely , when he would caſt a trench to rid away
the mud , or to turn a River contrary, For therein hath he onely hitherto employed us in greac
labour, and they are the notable works he hath done in his two Conſulſhips , whereot he maketh his
boaſt unto them at Rome. Is he afraid they ſhould take him as they did (Carba and Cepio, whom the
Enemies have overthrown 2 He muſt not be afraid of that : for he is a Captain of another manner
of valour and reputation then they were , and his Army niuch better then theirs was. But howloever
it be, yet were it much berter ( in proving ) to loſe ſomething, then to be idle, and to ſuffer our friends
and confederates to be deſtroyed and ſacked before our eyes. Aſarius was marvellous glad to hear his
men complain thus, and did comfort them, and rold them that he did nothing miſtruſt their courage
and valiantneſs : howbeit that through the Counſell of certain Prophecies and Oracles of the gods,
Martha a Wiſe he did expe time and place fit for Victory. For he ever carried a SYRI1an Woman in a Litter
Woman or
Propheteſs.
The attire of
about with him, called Afartha, with great reverence , whom they ſaid had the ſpirit of Prophecy
in her ; and that he did ever Sacrifice unto the gods by her order, and at ſuch time as ſhe willed him
to doit. This SYR1an Woman went firſt ro ſpeak with the Senate about theſe matters , and did
foretell and Prognoſticate what ſhould follow : but the Senate would not hear her , and made her to
be driven away. Whereupon ſhe went unto the Women , and made them ſee proof of ſome things
ſhe vaunted ot, and ſpecially Marius Wife , at whoſe feet the was ſer one day in Aſſembly of the
common Plays, to ſee the Sword Players fight for Lite and death : for ſhe told her certainly which
of them ſhould overcome, Whereuponthis Lady ſent her unto her Husband Marin, who made
great reckoning of her, and carried her ever in a Litter with him whereſoever he went. She was al-
Marthain time Waies at Marius Sacrifices, apparelled in a Gown of Purple in grain, claſped to her with Claſpes, and
of Sacrifice.
A wonder of
the Vulrures
held a Spear in her hand wound all about with Noſegays and Garlands of flowers tied on with
Laces. This manner of geſt made many doubt whether Afarixs ſhewed this Woman openly , be-
leeving indeed that ſhe had the gift of Prophecy : or elſe that knowing rhe contarry , he made as
though he did beleeve it, to belp her faining. Bur that which Alexander the M1ND1a N wrote
ſhewed ro 2#4- touching Vultures , is a thing greatly to be wondered at : For he ſaid, there were two of them follow-
TIUS.
Wonders ſcen.
Baravaces the
Pricſt of che
Mcrther of the
gods.
Aiulus Pompci»
us Tribune.
ed Marius inhis Wars, and that they ever thewed themſelves, and miſſed not , when he ſhould win
any great Battell, and that they did know them by Lattin collars they ware about their necks , which
the Souldiers had tied about them , and afterwards let them go where they would : by reaſon where-
of , they did know the Souldiers again , and.it ſeemed alſo that they ſaluted them, and were very glad
when they ſaw them, and perſwaded themſelves , that it was a fign and token of good luck to follow.
Many figns and tokens were ſeen before the Batcel] : howbeit all the reſt were ordinary fights, ſa
ving that which was reported to be ſeen at TupzrTum, and AMER1A, two Cities of ITALY.
For ſay they, there were ſcen Spears and Targets in the night, burning like fire in the Element, whicl
firſt were carried up and down here and there, and then met together even as men move and ſtir
that fight one with another, untill at the length, the one giving back, and the other following after ,
they all vaniſhed away , and conſumed towards the Welt. About the ſelf ſame time alſo, there
camefrom the City of PEs$1NuNTa, Barabaces, the chief Prieſt of the great Mother of the gods,
who brought News, that the goddeſs had ſpoken to him within her Sanctuary , and-rold him that
the Victory of this War ſhould (all out on the Romans fide, The Senate beleeved it , and ordained
that they ſhould build a Temple unto the goddeſs, ro give her thanks for the ViRory which ſhe did
promiſe them. Barabaces alſo would have preſented himſel{ unto the People in open Afffembly, to tell
them as much. But there was one Aulus Porpeins a Tribune , that would not ſufter him to do it, cal-
ling him tumbler or jugler, and violently thruſt him behind the Pulpic for Orations : burthe miſchance
that fell upon Pompezxs afterwards, made them the more to beleeve Barabaces words. For Pon-yerw
the Tribune no ſooner camie home to his Houſe , but a great vehement Ague rook him, whereof he
died the ſeventh day after, as all the world could witneſs, Now the TeurtoONs perceiving that
Merins ſtirred not at all out of his Camp , they proved to afſ:ult him : howbeit they were fo well
received with Shot and (lings , that after they had loſt certain of their men, they gave it over , an
determined to go further, perſwading themſelves that they might ealily paſs the Alpes without
danger, Wherefore truſsing up all their baggage, they paſſed by 1arius Camp : at which _
appeare
-— - - — — o—— ———— — ——_——_
CAIUVS MARIVS.
appeared more certainly then before , that they were a marvellous great multitude of People, by
the kength of time which they took to pals their way. For it is ſaid , they were paſling by his Camp
{ix daies continually together, And as they came raking by the Romans Camp , they asked
them in mockery , If they would write to ſend home any thing to their Wives ; tor they would
be with them ere it were long. When they were all paſſed and gone, and continued on their journey
ſtill, Marius alſo raiſed his Camp , and followed them fair and ſoftly foot by foot , and ever kepr
hard at their tail as near as he could , alwaies fortifying his Camp very well , and ever chuſing
ſtrong places of ſituation and advantage to lodge in, that they might be ſafe in the night time. So
they niarched on in this ſort, untill rhey came unto the City of A1x, from whence they had not far
ro £0 , but they entred ſtraight into the Mountains of the Alpes : wherefore Aſarins prepared now
to fight with them , and choſe out a place that was very ſtrong of {ſituation to lodge his Camp in,
howbeit there lacked Water. And they ſay he did ir of purpoſe, to the end to quicken his mens auekics tial,
courage the more thereby. Many repined at it , and rold him that they ſhould ſtand in great dan- ——_—
Ser tO abide marvellous thirſt if they lodged there. Whereunto he made anſwer : ſhewing them Souldiers, an
the River that ran hard by the Enemies Camp , ſaying withall , That they muſt go thither and buy their anſ\ver.
Drink with their Blood. The Souldiers replied again.: And why then do ye not lead us thither,
whileſt our Blood is yer moiſt ? He gently anſwered them again : Becauſe tie firſt thing we do,
we muſt fortific our Camp. The Souldiers though they were angry with him , yet they obeyed
him : bur the flaves having neither Drink for themlelves , nor tor their Cartel] , gathered rogether
a Troop of them, and went towards the Kiver : ſome of them carrying Axes, other Hatchets ,
other Swords and Spears, with their Pots to carry Water, determining to tight with the Bar.
barous People, if otherwiſe they could not come by it. A tew of the Barbarous People at the firſt
fought with them, becauſe the moſt part of their company were at Dinner ; atrer they had bathed, and
others were ſtill in the Bathe waſhing themſelves , finding in that place many Springs of hot naturall
Bathes. Thus the Romans found many of tlie Barbarous People — merry , and taking
their pleaſure about theſe Bathes , for the great delight they rook to conſider the pleaſantnels of
the place : when they heard the noiſe of them that tought, they - began to run one after ano-
ther uaro the place from whence the noiſe came. Wheretore it was a hard thing for Marins any
longer to keep the Rowan Souldiers in from going to their help, for that they feared their
{laves ſhould bave been ſlain of the Barbarous People : and moreover, becauſe the valianteſt Soul-
diers of their Enemies , called the AMBRoNs ( who before had overcome Manlixs and Cepio, two
Roman Captains with their Armies, and that made of themſelves Thirty thouſand fighting
men ) ran io Arms, being very heavy of their Bodies , as having filled their bellies well , but other-
wiſe Valiant and couragious fellows, and more lively then they had wont to be, by reaſon of the
Wine they had drunk , they' ran nor furiouſly to fight out of order , neither did they cry our con-
fuſedly , but —_—_— all together in good array , making a noiſe with their harneſs all after one
ſort, they oft 1chcarſed their own Name, AMBRONS, AMERONS, AMBRONS : which was,
either to call one another of them, or elſe to fear the Rowaxs with their Name onely. The
ITALIANS alſo on the other fide, being the firſt that came down to fight with them, were the
L1GuRITANS, dwelling upon the coaſt of GE nua , who hearing this noiſe and cry of theirs, plain-
ly underſtanding them : anſwered them again with the like noiſe and cry, LiGurtans , Licurt-
ANS , L1iGuR1aNs, faying , that it was the true ſurname of all their Nation, And fo before they
joyned together, this cry was redoubled many a time on either fide : and the Captains of both
parts made their Souldiers cry out all together, contending for envy one againſt another, who ſhould
cry it loudeſt, This contention of crying, inflamed the Souldiers courages the more. Now the Am«
RRONS having the River to paſs, were by this means put out of order, and before they could pur
themſelves in Battell ray again, after they had paſſed the River, the Licurtans ran with great p :
fury to ſet upon the foremoſt : and after them, ( to aid the L1GuriaNns that had begun the _ SR
charge ) the Romans themſelves fell alſo upon the AmmrONs , coming down from the places of ang >cariue.
advantage upon theſe Barbarous People, and compelled them by this means to turn their backs, and
flie, So the greateft ſlaughter they made , fortuned upon the bank of the River , whereinto they aarius over-
thruſt one another in ſuch ſort, that all the River ran blood, being filled with dead Bodies. And they came the 47
that could get over the River again, and were onthe other {de , durſt not gather rogether any more brons.
to ſtand todeſence : ſo as the Romans flewthem, and drave them into their Camp, even unto
their carriage, Then their Women came out againſt them with Swords and Axes in their hands, The manith
grinding their teeth : and crying out for ſorrow and anger, they charged aſwell upon their own ,,.;; hp ;
People that fled , as upon them that chaſed them : the one as Trauors , and the other as Enemies : Women.
Furthermore, they thruſt themſelves amongſt them that tought , and ſtrove by force to pluck the
Rona NS Targets out of their hands, and took hold of their naked Swords bare handed, abiding
with an invincible courage to be hacked and mangled with their Swords, And thus was the fuſt
Barrell given ( as they ſay ) by the River fide , rather by chance unlooked for, then by any et pur-
pole, or through the Generalls counſell. Now the Romans alter they had overcome the moſt
part of the AyyprONs , retiring back by reaſon the night had overtaken them , did not ( as they
were wont after they had given ſuch an overthrow ) ſing Songs of Victory and Triumph, nor make
good chear in their Tents one with another, and leaſt of all ſleep : ( which is the beſt and ſweereft
refreſhing for men that have fought happily ) but contrarily , they watched all that night wirh
great fear and trouble , begauſe their Camp was not trenched and fortified, and becauſe they knew
Hh 3 allo
CAIVS eM ARIVS.
Marius ſecond
Batrell with
the Tentons.,
Marius Vita»
ry of the Teu-
tons and Am-
brons.
Much rain fol-
lowerh after
orcat Bartel!s,
m—
alſo that there remained almoſt innumerable Thouſands of Barbarous People, that had not yet
fought : beſides alſo, that the AmBRO Ns that had fled and eſcaped trom the overthrow, did howl
out all night with loud cries , which were nothing like mens lamentations and ſighs , but rather
like wild Beaſts bellowing and roaring. So that the Bellowing of ſuch a great multitude of beaſtly
People , mingled together with threats and wailings , made the Mountains thereabouts and the
running River to rebound again of the ſound and eccho of their cries warvellouſly 2 by reaſon
whereof, all the valley that lay between both , thundred to hear the horrible and feartull trembling,
This made the Roma N Souldiers afraid , and 2arixs himſelf in ſome doubt : becaule they look-
ed to have been fought withall the ſame night , being alrogether troubled and out of order. Not.
withſtanding , the Barbarous People did not aſſault them that night , nor the next day tollowing,
but onely prepared themſelves unto Battell. And in the mean time Marizs knowing that there were
above the place where they were camped , certain Caves and little Valleys covered with Wood : he
ſecretly ſent (laudins Marcellus thither with Three thouſand Footmen well Armed , and com-
manded him to keep cloſe in ambuſh , untill he ſaw that the Barbarous People were fighting with
him, and that then he ſhould come and fer upon their rereward. Thr reſidue of his Army, they ſup-
ped when time came, and after ſupper repoſed themſelves, The next morning at the break of day,
Marins brought his men into the Field out of his Fort : where he put them in order of Battell, ſend.
ing his Horſemen before to draw the Enemies out to skirmiſh, The TzuTONs ſeeing them come,
had not the patience to tarry till the Romans were come down into the plain ro fight withour
advantage, but Arming themſelves in haſte , and ina rage, ran up the Hill to the Roma Ns, where
they ſtood in Battell ray. Afaris taking good regard to that they did, ſent here and there unto the
private Captains, charging them they ſhould not ſtir , and onely to temporize and torbear , untill
the Enemies came within a ſt ones caſt of them : and that they ſhould then throw their Darts at them,
and afterwards draw their Swords , and repulſe the Barbarous People with their Shields. For he
did foreſee , that when they thould climb up againſt the Hill ( upon the hanging whereof the Ro-
MAN $ had ſet their Barttell ) that their blows would not be of great force, nor their order and
ranks could ſtand cloſe together to any effect or purpoſe : becauſe they could not have ſure footing,
nor march aſſuredly , but would eafily be thrown backward if they were never ſo little repulſed : by
reaſon of the hanging of the Hill. Aſarins gave this order unto his folk , and therewithall was
himſelf the firſt man that pur it in execution : for he was as trim a Warrier, and as valiant a Souldier,
as any man in all his Army : beſides , not one amongſt them all would venture further , and be more
bold then himſelf, So when the Romans had reſiſted them, and ſtaid them ſuddenly , going
with fury to have won the Hill, perceiving themſelyes to be repulſed , they gave back by little and
little , untill they came into the Field , and then began the foremoſt of them to gather together , and
to put themſelves in Battell ray upon the plain , when ſuddenly they heard the noiſe and charging of
them that were in the tail of their Army. For Claudins Marcellus tailed not to take the occafi-
on when it was offered him , becauſe that the noiſe of the firſt charge coming up againſt the Hills
thereabouts, under the which he lay in ambuſh, gave him advertiſement thereot : whereupon he cau-
ſed his men preſently to ſhew z and running with great cries, came to give a charge upon thoſe wh:ch
were in the tail of the Barbarous People , putting the hindmoſt to the Sword, They made their fcl-
lows whoſe backs were next unto them , to turn their faces, and ſo from man to man, till at the
length in ſhort time all their Battell began to waver in diſorder : and they made no great reſiſtance,
when they ſaw they were ſo charged betore and behind , but began ſtraight to flie for lite, The Ro-
MANS following them hard at the heels , killed and rook Priſoners above a Hundred thouſand of
them , and rook moreover their Carts, their Tents , and all their carriage. Which the whole Army
by conſent agreed to preſent unto Marius, excepting nothing , ſaving that which was imbezelled
and conveighed away under hand, Now, though this was a marvellous-Honourable and right Noble
Preſent , yet they thought it not a recompence ſufficient tor that he had deſerved , for the valour he
had ſhewed of a famous Captain, in leading of his Army, and for the good order he kept in this
War : ſo bappy thought they themſelves to have eſcaped ſo great a danger. Notwithſtanding,
ſome Writers do not agree, that the ſpoil of the Barbarous People way given unto Marius : ror
that there were alſo ſo great a number of men ſlain as we have ſpoken of, But they ſay, that aiter
this Battell, the MaRs1t1aNs did incloſe their Vines, with hedges made of dead mens bones:
and that the bodies being rotten and conſumed upon the Fields through the great rain that fell upon
them the winter following, the ground waxed ſo fat, and did ſoak the greaſe ſo deep in the ſame, that
the ſummer following , they did bear an incredible quantity of all forts of Fruits, And by this
means were Archilocus words proved true , that the arable Land doth wax fat with ſuch rottennels
or putrifaction. And it isfſaid alſo , that ordinarily after great Battells, there falleth great ſtore of
rain, Either it is by mean of ſome God, that pouring down pure Rain Water, doth purike,
waſh, and cleanſe the ground, defiled and polluted with mans bloud : or elſe it happenerh by naturall
cauſe : tor that the overthrow of ſo many dead bodies, and of the bloud ſpilt , ingendreth a moiſt,
groſs, and heavy vapour , which doth thicken the Air (that by nature is changeable , and eafte to
alter ) from a very ſmall or lictle beginning, unto an exceeding great change. After this Battell,
Merius cauſed the harneſs and ſpoils of the Barbarous People to be laid aſide , that were left whole
and fair to ſight , to beautifie and enrich the Pomp of his Triumph. Then he cauſed the reſt to be
gathered rogether on a great heap, and laid upon a ſtack of Wood, to make a Noble Sacrifice unto
the gods , all his Army being armed about him , crowned with Garlands of Triumph , and _—
apparelle
CAIVS e*MARIVS.
D——— — ——
apparelled in a long Gown of Purple , according to the cuſtom of the Roma xs in ſuch a cale,
and holding a Torch burning in both his hands, which he firſt lifted up unto Heaven, And as he was
turning down the Torchto pur fire to the ſtack of Wood , they ſaw ſome of his friends a good wa
off on Horſe-back , coming poſt unto him : then ſuddenly there was a great ſilence made of all the
Aſſembly , every man deſirous ro hear what good News they had brought. When they were come
and lighted off their Horſes , they ran ſtraight tro embrace Afarizs, and brought him News that he
was choſen Conſull the fifth time ; and preſented him the Letters ſent him trom Rome confirming
the ſame, And thus, this new joy falling out beſides the ViRtory , the private Souldiers did ſhew
the great joy and pleaſure they took in both , with {great ſhouts and Beating upon their harneſs :
and the Caprains alſo crowned Aſarims again with new Garlands of Lawreli which they pur about
his head : and that done, he pur fire under the ſtack of Wood, and ended his Sacrifice, Bur that
which never ſuffered men quietly to enjoy the good hap of any Viftory clearly , but in this mortall
Life doth ever mingle the ill with the good, beir either Fortune or ſpite of fatall deitiny, or elſe the
neceſliry of the naturall cauſes of earthly things : did ſhortly after this great joy bring News un-
ro Marius, of his companion Catulus Luttatins the other Confſull , who was like a Cloud ina fair
bright day , and brought the City of ROME again into a new fear and trouble. For Carulz that
went againſt the C1MBRES , thought it was not for him to keep the ſtraights of the Mountains,
in hope to let the Barbarous People for paſling : becauſe that in ſo doing , he had been compelled
ro divide his Army into many parts, and had weakened himſelf very much if he had taken that
courſe. Wherefore coming a little on this {ide the Alpes rowards IT ALy , he planted himſelf upon
the River of ATHES1s, and built a Bridge upon it, to pals and repaſs over his men when he would,
and ſet up at either end of the Bridge two ſtrong Forts well fortified , that he might more commodi-
ouſly help the places on the other fide of the River, it the Barbarous People by chance would
offer to force them , after they had gotten out of the ſtraights of the Mouncains, Now , theſe Bar-
barous People had ſuch a glory in themſelves , and diſdained their Enemies ſo much , that more to
ſhew their torce and boldneſs, then of any neceility that compelled chem, or for any benefir they
got by it : they ſuffered ir ro ſnow upon them being ſtark naked, and did climb up to the top of
the Mountains , through great heaps of Ice and Snow. And when they were at the very top of all,
they laid their long broad Targets under their Bodies, and lay along upon them, fliding down the
ſteep high Rocks, that had certain hangings over of an infinite height, In the end, they came to the
Camp near unto the Romans by the Rivers fide, and conſidered how they might paſs it over :
and began to fill it up, tearing down (like Giants) great Hills of earth which they found thereabours,
brought thither great Trees which they pulled up whole by the roots, threw in great pieces of Rocks
which they brake , and whole Towers of earth after them, to ſtop and break the courſe of the River,
But beſides all this, they threw great Timber into the River , which being carried down the ſtream,
came with ſuch a force , and hit againſt the poſts of the Bridge ſo violently, that they ſhaked the Ro-
MANS Bridge marvellouſly. Whereupon many of the Souldiers of the great Camp were afraid,
and forſaking it , began to retire, Bur then did Catulzs , like a perfect good Captain ſhew , that
he made leſs account of his own private Honour and eſtimation , then he did of the generall Honour
of all his Souldiers, For , ſeeing that he” could not perſwade his men by any reaſon to tarry , and
that in this fear they diſlodged, in diſorder againſt his will ; he himſelf commanded the ſtandard
bearer of the Eagle to march on, and ran to the foremoſt that went their way , and marched him-
ſelf before them all , to the intent that the ſhame of this retire ſhould alrogether light upon him ,
and not upon his Countrey : and that it might appear the Roma xs did follow their Captain,
and not flie away, The Barbarous People therefore aſſaulting the Fort at the end of the Bridge of
the River of ATHES1s , tookit, and all the men that were in ic, And becauſe the Romans
defended it like valiant men, and had luſtily ventured their lives to the death for defence of their Coun-
Irey ; the Barbarous Pecple let them go upon compoſition, which they {ware to keep faithfully , by
their Bull of Copper. This Bull afterwards was taken when they loſt the Bartell, and carried ( as they
ſay ) into Catulrus Luttatins Houſe , as the chiefeſt thing of the Victory, turthermore, the Bar-
barous People finding the Countrey open without any delence , ſcattered here andthere, and deſtroy-
Marius the fife
time Conſul,
Atheſes fl;
Catulus Luft1-
tius Conſull
flieth from the
Cimbrex.
edall where they came. Whereupon the ROMA ns ſent for Afarins to ROME to g0 againſt Marius refuſed
tnem ; and after he was arrived , every man thought he ſhould have entered 'in Triumph , becauſe
alſo the Senate did grant it him very willingly, But he would not do it , either becauſe he would not
deprive his Souldiers and the Captains that had fought under him , of any part of the Honour that
was due unto them, they being abſent : or becauſe that he would warrant the People fromthe preſent
danger they were in, by laying afide the glory of his former Victories, into the hands of the good
Fortune of Rowe, in certain hope to take it again afterwards, by a more honourable and perfe&t
confirmation of the ſecond. Wherefore after he had made an Oration to the People and Senate,
according to the time , he went his way immediately towards Catulrzs Luitatizs, whole coming
did comfort himmuch : and ſent alſo for his Army that was yet in Gaur beyond the Moun- ,,
v
tains. And after his Army was come, he paſſed the River of Po , to keep the Barbarous People
to enter in
Triumph,
ar iits 2ot th
towards Ciftit-
irom hurting ITALy on this fide the Po, Now the Ci1BREs ſtill deferred to give Bartell, be- 1; L:24:74;
Caule they looked for the TreutoxSs, and ſaid : that they marvelled much what they meant to tar- to hel» him,
ry ſo long : either becauſe they knew nor indeed of their overthrow , or elſe for that they would nor Po. ts.
leem to know it, becauſe rhey handled them cruelly that brought the News of their deaths.
At the length, they ſent unto Afarizs to ask him Lands and Town ſuificient ro Keep them and
their
CAIUVS eM ARIVUS.
their Brethren. earius asked their Ambaſſadours what Brethren they meant. They anſivered thar
Marius mock they were the TeuroNs. Whereat the ſtandeys by began to laugh : and Marim finely mocked
| tothe Cimbres. them , ſaying : Care not for thoſe Brethren , ſaid he, for we have given them ground enough,
which they will keep for ever, Theſe Ambaſſadours found his mock ſtraight , and began to reyile
and threaten him, that the Ci1»1BREs ſhould preſently make him repent it, and the Teuroxs
ſo ſoon as they arrived, Why, faid 1ſarizs unto them again, they are come already : and there were
no honeſty in you , if you ſhould go your way and not ſalute them , fince they are your Brethren,
And as he ſpake theſe words , he commanded his men to bring him the Kings of the Tzuroxs
bound and chained, that had been- taken within the Mountains of the Alpes by the Sx 1ua x1.
The Cimbres The C19 BRES underſtanding this by report of their Ambaſſadours , preſently marched towards
march againſt e{arins , who ſtirred not ar. all , bur onely fortified and kept his Camp. They ſay , that it was
for this Battell that Marins firſt invented the new device he brought in for the Dart which the
Romans were wont alwaies to throw againſt the Enemies at the firſt charge. For , before the
ſtaff of the Dart was faſtened unto the Iron, and the Iron unto the ſtaff, with two little Iron Pins
that paſſed through the Wood : and then Aar:us left one of the Iron Pins as it was before, and ta-
king away the other , put a little thin Pin of Wood cafe to be broker , in place of the ſame z making
it craftily , to the end that when the Dart was thrown , and ſtuck in the Enemies Target, it ſhould
not ſtand right forward , but bow downwards towards the Iron , that the woodden Pin being bro-
ken , the ſtaff of the Dart ſhould hang downwards , holding yer by the Iron Pin running quite
Beorix King through at the point, So Buorix King of the CiBREs , coming near to Marius Camp with a
of the Cimbres. ſmall number of Horſemen, ſent him defiance, and willed him to appoint a day and place for Battell,
that they might try it out , who ſhould be owners of the Countrey, Whereunto Aſarins made
anſwer, that it was not the manner of the Romans to counſell with their Enemies, of the time
and place when they ſhould give Battel] : but nevertheleſs, he would not ſtick to pleaſure the
Ci1mzREs ſo much, And thus they agreed between them, that ir ſhould be the third day fol-
lowing, in the plain of Verſelles , which was very commodious for the Horſemen of the Ro-
MANS : and alſo for the Barbarous People to put out at will their great number of fighting men,
So both Armies failed not to meet according to appointment, but appeared ranged in Battell, the
one before the other. Catxlus Luttarins the other Conſull, had in his Camp Twenty thouſand
4 and Three hundred Souldiers : and eXarins had in his Camp Two and thirty thouſand fighting men,
Three hundred Which he placed in the two wings of the Battell ſhutting in Catulus with kis men 1n the midſt , as
men berween Sy{{a writeth it , who was prelent at the ſame : ſaying , that Afarius did it of malice, for the hope
he had to overthrow his Enemies with the two wings of the Battell , to theend that the whole Vito-
ry ſhould light upon his two wings , and that Carulus and his men in the midſt ſhould have no part
thereof, For he could not ſo much as front the Enemy, becauſe that commonly when the front of
a Battell is of ſuch a breadth, the two wings are ever ſtretched out before , and are made like the crel-
ſant of a Moon, where the midft is thickeſt and fartheſt in, And it is written alſo in other Stories,
that Catulus himſelf accuſing the malice of Aſarixs , becauſe hedid ſo, ſpake it to excuſe his own
diſhonour, As for the CimBREsS, the Troops of their Footmen coming out of their Forts
leaſurely , did put themſelves into a ſquadron, as broad as long , for in every {ide they occupied al-
moſt thirty Furlong : but their Horſemen , which were Fifteen thouſand , marched before in ſumptu-
ous furniture, For they had Helmets on their heads faſhioned like wild Beaſts necks, and ſtrange
Bevers or Buffes to the ſame , and ware on their Helmets great high blumes of Feathers , as they had
been wings : which to fight made them appear taller and bigger men then they were. Furthermore,
they had good Curaces on their backs, and carried great white Targets before them : and for
weapons offenſive, every man had rwo Darts in his hand to beſtow afar off, and when they came to
hand ſtrokes ,, they had great heavy Swords , which they fought withall near hand, But at that time
they did march dire&tly in rank againſt the Army of the Romans, but turned a little on the
righthand , meaning to incloſe the Romans between them and their Footmen that were on the
lett hand, The Roman Captains found their policy ſtraight, but they could nor keep their
Souldiers back : for there was one that cried, The Enemies fled, and immediately all the reſt began to
.run after, In the mean time, the Footmen of the Barbarous People that were like to a Sea before
them, came forwards ſtill : and then Marixs, having waſhed his hands, and lifting them to heaven,
promiled and vowed a ſolemn Sacrifice unto the gods of an hundred Oxen. Catulxs alſo made 3
vow , lifting up his hands to Heaven in like manner, that he would build a Temple unto Fortune tor
that day : and it is reported , that Marizs having Sacrificed , when they ſhewed him the intrails ot
the Beaſts Sacrificed , he cried out aloud, The Victory is mine. But when they came to give the
charge , Marius had a great misfortune happened him, powred upon him by Gods juſtice, who
rurned his cratt againſt himſelf, as Sy#a writeth :; for there roſe very credibly ſo great a duſt , that
both Armies loſt the ſight one of another. And hereupon Maris being the firſt that ran to be-
gin the charge , and- having placed his men about him, miſſed to meet with his Enemies : and being
paſſed beyond their Battell , wandred a great while up and down the Field, whileſt the Barbarous
People fought againſt Carulus, So that the greateſt tury of the Battell was againſt Catuls and [1s
Army : in the which Sy{/a writerh he was himſelf, and faith , that the heat and the Sun, which
was full inthe C1»1BRES faces, did the Romans marvellous pleaſure at that time. For the Bar-
barous People being very hard brought up to away with cold ( becauſe they were born and bred in
2 cold Countrey , ſhadowed altogether with Wood and Trees, as we have ſaid ) were to the con-
trary
es at tt AI EIS EO
CAIVS MARIVS _
— —— — ——
trary very tender againſt the heat , and did melt ſweating agairſt the Sun, and gaped ſtr..ight
for breath, purting their Targets before their faces ; for it was alſo in the heart of Summer, about The Eie!d
the ſeven and twentieth day of the monerh of July that this Bartell was given ; and this duſt alſo made fough: the 27.
the Romans the bolder, and kept them that they could nor ſee the innumerable multitude of their 9 7%
Enemies far from them, And every man running to ſer upon them that came againſt him, they
were joyned together in fight , betore that the fight of their Enemies could make them afraid,
And furthermore , they were ſo =” Souldiers , and fo able to rake pains, that how extream (0-
ever the heat was , no man was feen ſweat nor blow, though they ran at the firſt to ſer vpon
them : and this hath Catulus Luttatines himfelf left in writing unto the praiſe of his Souldiers. $9
were the moſt part of the Barbarous People, and ſpecially ot the beſt Souldiers , ſlain in the Field.
And becauſe they ſhould not open and break their ranks, the foremoſt ranks were all tied and
bound together with Girdles , Leather thongs, and, long Chains of Iron : and they that fed , were
chaſed and followed into their Camp by the Romans , where they met with horrible and fear-
full chings to behold. For , their Wives being upon the top of their Carts, apparelled all in black,
ſlew all thoſe that fled , without regard of Perſons : ſome their Fathers, other their Husbands or
their Brethren, and ſtrangling the luctle young Babes with their own hands, they caſt them under the we xa
Cart wheels, and berween the Horſe legs , and afterward flew themſelves, And they fay , that ==. Wa
there was a Woman hanged at the end of a Cart Ladder , having hanged up two of her Children by
the necks at her heels. And that the menalſo, for lack of a Tree to hang themſelves on, tied ſlip-
ping Halters about their necks , unto the horns and feet of the Oxen, and that they did prick
them afterwards with goads ro make them fling and leap ſo long , that dragging them all about,
and treading them under feet , at the length they killed them. Now though numbers were ſlain by priſoners 60
this mean, yet werethere Threeſcore thouſand of them taken Priſoners, and the number of them ;houfang
that were (lain, came to twiceas many more, In this manner Afarixs Souldiers ſpoiled the Camp Men Qlain
of the CimBREs : but the ſpoils of dead men that were wereflain in the Field , with their Enſigns fixſcore thou»
and Trumpets, were all brought ( as it is ſaid ) unto Carulus Camp, which was a plain Teſtimo. 1%
ny to ſhew that Catxl#s and his Souldiers had won the Field. Strife riſing thus berween the Soul-
diers of both Cimps about it : that the marter might be tried friendly berween them, they made
the Ambaſſadours of PARma their Arbitratours , who were by chance at that time in the Army.
{atulus Lutiatius Souldiers led the Ambafſſadours to the place where the overthrow was given ,
ſhewing them the Enemies bodjes pierced through with their Pikes , which were eafie to be known ,
becauſe Carulxs had made them grave their Names upon their Pikes. For all this, e2ſarins went away
with the Honour of this great V iRory , as well for the firſt Battell he wan alone; when he overthrew _ .
the TeuToNSs and the AMBRONS , as for his great calling, having been Conſull five times. And T—_
furthermore, the common People at KoME , called him the third founder of the City of Rom x, INE
thinking themſelves now delivered from as great a danger , as before time they had been from the
ancient GAULS : And every man Feaſting at home with his Wife and Children, offered the bef
diſhes of Meat they had to Supper , unto the gods and unto Aſarixs - and would needs have himanny, .
lone to Triumph for both Victories. But he would nor in any caſe, but Triumphed into the City
Catulus Luttatius , meaning to ſhew himſelf courteous and moderate in ſo great proſperity : andW*
peradventure alſo fearing Catuls Souldiers, who were in readineſs and prepared ( if Marius would
have deprived their Captain of that Honour ) to lett him alſo of his Triumph, And thus you ſee
how he paſſed his fifth Conſulihip. After that, he made more earneſt ſute for the fixth Conſulſhip,
then ever any other did for his firſt : ſeeking the Peoples good wills by all the fair means he could
to pleaſe them , humbling himſelf unto them, not onely more then became his Eſtate and calling,
but direly alſo againſt his own nature conterfeicing a courteous Popular manner , being clean
contrary to his diſpoſition. His ambition made him timorousto deal in matters of the State concer-
ning the City, For that courage and boldneſs which he had in Battel] againſt the Enemy , be loſt it
quite when he was in an Aſſembly of People in the City : and was eaſily put out of his bias, with
the firſt blame or praiſe he heard given him. And though they report, that on a time when
he made a Thouſand CAMERINES free of the City of ROE, becauſe they had done Valiant ſervice
in the Wars , that there were ſomethat did accuſe him , ſaying , that it was a thing done againſt all
Law : he anſwered them, that for the noiſe of the Armor, he coufd not hear the Law. Notwithſtand-
ing , it ſeemeth that indeed he was greatly afraid of the fury of the People in an Aſſembly of the City.
For in time of Wars, he ever ſtood upon his reputation and Authority , knowing that they had
need of him : but in Peace and civill Government, becauſe he would rather be the chiefeſt man then
the honeſteſt man, he would creep into the Peoples boſomes to get their favour and good will.
And thus through his evil behaviour , he brought all the Nobilicy generally to be his Enemies.
But he feared nor miſtruſted none ſo much, as he did Aerellus , for the great unthankiull part he
remembred he had plaid him : and the rather alſo, becauſe he knew him to be a juſt and true deal-
ing-man, and one that was ever againſt theſe People-pleaſers and fHlatterers. * Marr therefore pra- Metellus 2-
*tiſcd all the waies he could , ro get Adere#ws to be baniſhed Rowe. Wherefore , to compals his gainlt People
intent , he fell in friendſhip with Glaxcia and one Sraturninus, two of the moſt bold, moſt deſperate, peaſer3,
and moſt harebraind young men that were in all Rox , who had all the rabblement of Rogues and
beggers , and ſuch tumultuous People at their commandment : by whoſe means he made new Popu-
lar Laws, and cauſed the Souldiers to be called home out of the Wars, and mingled them with the
People of the Ciry in common Afemblies, to trouble and vex Merellus, Moreover Rutilins,
an
%
362
em
CAIUS eM ARIVS.
an honeſt and true Writer , ( howbeit an Enemy unto arixs ) wriceth , that he obtained his ixth
Conſulſhip by corruption of Money , which he cauſed ro be diſtributed amongſt the Tribes of the
People : and that he bought it for ready Money to put by Merehns, and to have Valerins Flacey,
Falcrius Flac- Dot for his fellow and companion in the Conſulſhip , but rather for a Miniſter of his Will. There
cxs Conſull
with Marius
the ſixth time.
FalcriusCorvts
mus fix rimes
Conſul].
The Law
Aegraria.
An Article far
the Oaths of
the Senate to
confirm what
the People
ſhould paſs by
YoICe,
Marius double
dealing,
To liecun-
was never RoMAaN to whom the People granted the Conſulſhip fix times , except it were unto
V alerius Corvinus onely. But for him, they ſay that there was Five and forty years between his
firſt Conſulſhip and the laſt, Where A4arins ſince the firſt year of his Conſulſhip , continued five
years together by good Fortune one after another. But in his laſt Conſulſhip, he wan himſelf
great hare and malice , becauſe he did many foul faults to pleaſe Sarurninus withall ; as amongſt 0-
thers, when he bare with Saturninys , who murdered Non:zs his Competitor in the Tribuneſhip,
Afterwards when Saturninus was choſen Tribune of the People , he perferred a Law for diſtribu.
tion of the Lands among the common People, and unto that Law he had ſpecially added one
Article : that all the Lords of the Senate ſhould come openly to ſwear, that they ſhould keep
and obſerve from point to point , that which the People by their voices ſhould decree, and ſhould
not deny it in any jot. But Marizs in open Senate , made as though he would withſtand this Ar.
ticle, ſaying , that neither he nor any other Wiſe man of judgement would take this Oath : for
ſaid he, if the Law beevil , then they ſhould do the Senate open wrong to compell them by force
to grant it , and not for their own good wills, But he ſpake not that , meaning to do as he ſaid:
for it was but a baithe had tid for Mere/ls onely , which he could hardly eſcape. For, imagin-
ing that to tell a fine lie , was a piece of Vertue, and of a good wit : he was throughly reſolved
with himſelf, not to paſs for any thing he had ſpoken in the Senate. And to the contrary allo ,
knowing well enough that Metre us was a grave wiſe man, who eſteemed that to be juſt and true ( as
ningly, Marius Pindars laid ) is the beginning and foundation of great Vertue : he thought he would overreach
taketh for a
Veitue,
Timorous po-
licy cauſeth
perjury.
Merelliysioonss
ſtant in Ver-
rue.
Metcllus wiſe
ſaying touch-
ing well doing.
Metcllus ba.
pviſhment.
Marius double
dealing be.
tween the
Nobility and
People.
Marius procur-
eth {edition at
Rome.
him , making him affirm before the Senate that he would not ſwear , knowing alfo that the People
would hate him deadly, if he would refuſe afterwards to ſwear. And ſo indeed it happened, For
Metellus baving aſſured them then that he would not ſwear, the Senate break up upon it, And
ſhortly after , $at#rninw the Tribune calling the Senators unto the Pulpit for Orations, tocompell
them to ſwear before the People : Maris went thither to offer himſelf ro ſwear, Whereupon
the People making ſilence, liſtened attentively to hear what he would ſay. But Aſarins not regard-
ing his large promiſe and brags made before the Senate , ſaid then , his neck was not ſo long that
he would prejudice the Commonwealth in a matter of ſo great importance : but that he would
ſwear, and obey the Law , if it were a Law. This ſhifting ſubtilty he added to it, to cloke and
cover his ſhame : and when he had ſaid ſo , he took his Oath, The People ſeeing him ſwear were
marvellous glad, and praiſed him with clapping of their hands : but the Nobility hanging down their
heads, were aſhamed of him, and were marvellous angry in their hearts with him , that he had
cowardly and ſhamefully gone from his word. Thereupon all the Senate took their Oaths , one
after another againſt their wills, becauſe they were atraid of the People : ſaving Merellus, whom,
neither Parents, nor friends perſwaſion and intreaty could once move to ſwear, tor any puniſhment
that Saturninus had impoſed upon them which refuſed to take the Oath, but continued one man
ſtill according to his nature , and would never yeeld unto it, offering to abide any pain , rather
then to be brought to conſent to a diſhoneſt matter unbeſeeming his Eſtate. And thereupon went
out of the Aſſembly , and talking with them that did accompany him, told them, that to do evil
it was too eaſie a thing : and to do good without. danger, it was alſo a common matter : but to
do well with danger, that was the part of an honeſt and Vertuous man, Satxrninxs then command-
ed the Conſulls by Edict of the People , that they ſhould baniſh Aetellxs by ſound of Trumpet,
with ſpeciall commandment , that no man ſhould let him have Fire nor Water j\nor lodge him pr
vately nor openly. The common People, they were ready to have fallen upon him, and to have
killed him : but the Noble men being offended for the injury they had offered him , gathered to-
gether about him to ſave him , if any would offer him violence. Merellus himſelf was ſo gool a
man, that he would not any civil difſention ſhould riſe for his ſake : and therefore he abſented him-
ſelf from ROME , wherein he did likea wiſe man. For faid he, .cither things will arnend, and the
People then repenting themſelves of the wrong they have done me, will call me home again ; or ellc
things ſanding as they do now, it ſhall be beſt for me to be furtheſt off, Bur for histravell in hisexile,
how much he was beloved and honoured , and how ſweetly he paſſed his time ſtudying Philoſophy n
the City of RnoDpts, ſhall be declared more at large in his Life, Now on the other fide, Mari
to recompenie the pleaſure Sarurninu had done him , being driven to let him have his will in all
things , did not forſee what an intollerable plague he brought unto the Commonwealth, giving the
bridle to a deſperate man, who every way, by torce, by Sword and murder, plainly ſought to uſurp
Tyrannicall Power, with the utter deſtruction and ſubverſion of the whole Commonwealth, And io
bearing reverence an the one ſide unto the Nobility, and deſiring on the other fide to gratifie the
common People : he played a ſhamefull part , and ſhewed himſelf a double dealing man. For one
night the Nobility and chiefeſt Citizens coming to his Houſe, to perſwade him to bridle Saturfin®
in{olency and boldneſs : at the ſelf ſame time alſo Saturninus going thither to ſpeak with him , he
cauſed him to be let in at a back door, the Noble men not being privy to his coming. Ando
Mariw telling the Nobility , and then Satxrninus, that he was troubled with a looineſs of bis
Body , under this pretence whipped up and down , now to the one , then to the other, and did nv-
thing elſe but ſer them further our one againſt anotker , then they were before, Nevenheles, the
: enate
wh 4 PTY
| m1
—_
os
+7
Y - , v ay : ag P ,
: - *'s - 4-4 be Wo
i= ET io
- - p \'$:, FS
— — — — _ ————
of the common People. But although /1arixs did what he could poſlible to his uttermoſt Power
to ſave them, he could not prevail , nor do them pleaſure : for they were no ſooner come down
into'the Marker-place , but they were all put to death, Whereupon he having now purchaled him-
ſelf the ill will of the People and Nobility both , when time came about that new Cenſors ſhould
be choſen, every man looked that he would have been one of the ſuters : howbeir he ſued not
for it , for fear of repulſe , bur ſuftered others to be choſen of far leſs dignity and calling then him-
ſelf, Wherein notwithſtanding he gloried, ſaying , that he would not ſue to be Cenlor , becauſe
he would not have the il} will of many , tor examining too ſtraightly their lives and manners. A-
g4in , adecree being preferred to repeal Merellus baniſhment , Maris did what he could poſlible,
by word and deed to hinder it : howbeit, ſeeing in the end he could not have his will, he let it alone,
The People having thus willingly revoked Metrellus baniſhment, Aarins heart would nor ſerve him
to ſee Merellus return again, for the malice he bare him : wherefore he took the Seas to go
into Car PADOCla-and GALATIA , under colour to pay certain Sacrifices to the Mother of
the gods, which he had vowed unto her, Bur this was not the very cauſe that made him to under-
take this journey , for he had another ſecret meaning in it. For his niture not being framed to live
in Peace , and to govern civill matters, and having attained to his greatneſs by Arms , and ſup-
poſing that his glory and Authority conſumed and decreaſed altogether living idlely in Peace, he
ſought to deviſe new occaſion of Wars, hoping if he could ſtir up the Kings of A514, and ſpecially
Mithridates , ( who without his procurement was feared much , that one day he would make Wars
againſt the ROMan s ) that he ſhould then undoubredly without let of any man be choſen Ge-
nerall ro make Wars with him , and withall alſo , that by that means he ſhould have occaſion to
fill the Ciry of Rome with new Triumphs; and his Houſe with the ſpoils of the great Kingdom of
PoxT, and with the riches of the King. Now Afithridates diſpoſing himſelf to entertain
eIlarins, With all the Honour and courtefies he could poilible ſhew him ; Afariz: in the end not-
withſtanding would not once give him a good look , nor a courteous word again , but churliſhly
ſaid unto Afethridates at his departure from him : Thou muſt determine one of theſe two , King
Mithridates : either tro make thy ſelf ſtronger then the RomaNs , or elſe to look to do what
they command thee, without refiſtance. Theſe words amazed Aithridates, who had heard ſay
before, that the Roma N s would ſpeak their minds freely : howbeit he never ſaw nor proved it be-
fore , untill that time. After Afarizs was returned unto ROME , he built a Houſe near unto the
Market-place , becauſe he would not ( as he ſaid himſelt ) that fuch as came unto him, ſhould
trouble themſelves in going far to bring him home to his Houle : or elle for that he thought this
would be an occaſion that divers would come to ſalute him , as they did other Senators, Howbeir,
that was not the cauſe indeed : but the onely cauſe was, for that he had no naturall grace nor civil-
liry to entertain men courteoully chat came unto him , and that he lacked behaviour befides to rule a
Commonwealth : and therefore in time of Peace they made no more reckoning of him then they
did of aa old ruſty harneſs or implement , that was good for nothing but tor the Wars onely. And
for all other that profeſſed Arms as himſelf did , no man grieved him io much to be called forward
to Office and State before himſelf, as Syl4 did. For he was ready to burſt for ſpite , to ſee that
the Noble men did all what they could to prefer Sy/{a, for the malice and ill will they bare him :
and that Syl/a's firſt riſing and perferment grew , by the quarrells and contentions he had with him.
And ſpecially when Bocchus King of Num1D14 was Proclaimed by the Senate, a friend and con-
federate of the Roman People , he offered up Statues of Victories, carrying rokens of Triumph
into the Temple of the Capitoll : and placed near unto them alſo, an Image of Gold of King Ju-
gurth , which, he delivered by his own hands unto Sy{a. And this made Marirs ſtark mad for
{pice and jealouſie , who could not abide that another ſhould take upon him the glory of his doings :
inſomuch as he determined to pluck thoſe Images down and to carry them away by force, Syl/a
on the other ſide ftomached Marixs, and would not ſuffer him to rake them our of the place
where they were : ſo that this civill ſedition had taken preſent effect , had not the Wars of their
confederates fallen out between , and reſtrained them for a time. For the beſt Souldiers and moſt
Warlike People of all IT a Ly, and of greateſt Power, they altogether roſe againſt the Roma Ns,
and had well near overthrown their whole Empire. For they were not onely of great force and
Power, and well Armed : but their Captains alſo , for Valiantneſs and Skill , did in manner equall
the worthineſs of the Romans, For this War fell our wonderliully , by reaſon of the calamity
and misfortune that happened in it : but it wan Sy{a as much fame and reputation, as it did Aa-
74s ſhame and diſhonour, For he ſhewed himſelf very conld and flow in all his enterpriſes , ſtill
delaying time , either becauſe age had mortified his active heat , and killed that quick ready diſpo-
{irion of body that was wont to be in him, being then above threeſcore and five years old : or elle
as he ſaid himſelf, becauſe he was waxen gowty , and had ach in his veins and finews, that he could
not well ſtir his body, and that for ſhame : becauſe he would not tarry behind in this War , he did more
then his years could away withall, Notwithſtanding, as he was, yer he wan a great Bartel}, where-
; in
No troft to
the faithof the
COmmyDn
I £ o.
Atetclius retuin
trom baniſth-
menr,
Marins jour-
ney into Cafe
padocia and
Ga/latid.
Marius proud
words to Mt
thridates,
The cauſe of
the diſſent ion
botwixt A arte
us and Sylg.
The War
of the Conſe,
derates.
Es. =
o v, L Y
| Ls) *,
>
3% "n# LG. -
"ig » KEN
: = >,A +. . .
' " © ”
6 _ : ba . q - Th by
i di » þ F FR. *S =. bay
bf.” yo. a < —_ IDE 4am »
—_——
| 364 F
WT. PA
. "7
CAIOS eMARIVS.
«
Ce EE IE re
-
».
S1loes ſtout
'challenge, and
Marius an-
ſwer.
Afons Miſenum.
Marius am-
bition,
Sulpitius guard
of fix hundred
Knights.
Sulpitius bold-
nels,
rius fedi-
lon,
in were ſlain fix thouſand of their Enemies : and ſo long as the Wars endured.; he never gave
them advantage of him , but patiently ſuffered them ſometime to intrench him, 'and'to mock-him
and gave him vile words , challenging him out to fight, and yet all this would nor- provoke hith,
It is ſaid alſo , that Powpedirs Silo , who was the chiefeſt Captain of reputation and Authefiry
the Enemies had , ſaid unto Jari on 4 time : If thou be Aarins, fo great a Captain4s they ſay
thou art, leavethy Camp and come out to Battell, Nay, faid Afarixs to him again : If thou be
2 $reat Captian, pluck me out by the Ears, and compell me to come to Battell. Another tinie
when the Enemies gave them occaſion to give a great charge upon them with advantage : the Ro-
MANS were faint-hearted, and durſt not ſer upon them, Wherefore, after both the one and the
other were retired, Marius cauſed his men to Afſemble , and ſpake unto them in this ſort : 1 can-
I
not tell which of the rwo I ſhould reckon moſt cowards : you your ſelves, or your Enemies ; for .
they durſt not once ſee your backs , nor you them in the faces, In the end notwithſtanding, he
was compelled to reſign his charge , being able to ſerve no longer for the weakneſs and debility
of his Body. Now all the Rebells of ITaLy being put down, many at ROmt (by the Orators
means ) did ſue to have the charge of the Wars againſt Aſithridates : and among them , a Tri-
bune of the People called Sxlpirizes , ( a very bold and raſh man) beyond all mens hope and opini-
on preferred Marins , and perſwaded them to givehim the charge of theſe Wars, with title and
Authority of Vice-conſull, The People thereupon were divided in two parts : tor the one ſide
ſtood for Marins, and the other would have Sylla take the charge, ſaying , that Marius was
rothink now upon the hot Bathesat Ba ts, to look to cure his old Body, brought low with rhewm
and age, as himſelf ſaid. For Aarizs had a goodly ſtately Houſe in thoſe parts near unto the
Mount of M1SENE, which was far more fine and curiouſly turnifhed then became a Captain that
had been in ſo many foughten Battells and dangers. They ſay that Cornelia afterwards bought that
fine Houſe for the ſum of ſeventhouland five hundred Crowns ; and ſhortly after alſo , Lxculus
bought it again for two hundred and fifty thouſand Crowns : to ſo great exceſs was vanity and
curioſity grown in very ſhort time at Rome. Notwithſtanding all this; Afarixs too ambitiouſly
ſtriving like a paſſionate young man againſt the weakneſs and debility of his age , never mifled day
bur he would be in the Field of Mars to exerciſe himſelf among the young men , ſhewing his Body
diſpoſed and ready to handle all kind of Weapons, and to ride Horſes : albeit that in his latter
time , he had no great health of Body , becauſe he was very heavy and ſad. There were that liked
that paſling well in him, and went of purpoſe jnto the Field to ſee what pains he took , ftri-
ving to excell the reſt, Howbeit thoſe of the better ſort were very ſorry to ſee his avarice and
ambition , conſidering ſpecially , that being of a poor man become very rich, and of a right mean
Perſon a great Eſtate, that he could not now contain his proſperity within reaſonable bounds, nor
yet content himſelf to be eſteemed and honoured , quietly enjoying all he had won, and which
at that preſent he did poſſeſs : but as if he had been very poor and needy, after he had received
ſuch great Honour and Triumphs, would yet carry our his age ſo ſtoutly, even into Cay-
PADOCIA, and unto the Realmof PoxrT, to go fight there againſt eArchelams, and Neoptole-
7:45 , Lieutenants of King A:thridates. Indeed he alledged ſome reaſons to excuſe himſelt , but
they were altogether vain : for he ſaid that he defired in Perſon to bring up his Son in exerciſe of
Arms, and to teach him the diſcipline of Wars. That diſcovered the ſecret hidden plague,
which of long time had lurked in Rome , Aarins ſpecially having now met with a fit Inſtrument
and Miniſter to deſtroy the Commonwealth , which was the inſolent 4nd raſh Sulpitizs : who al-
together followed Saturninu doings, ſaving that he was found too cowardly and ftainthearted in all
his enterpriſes , and for that did Marixs juſtly reprove him. But Sulpitis , becauſe he would not
dally nor delay time, had ever fix hundred young Gentlemen of the order of Knights , whom he
uſed as his guard abour him , and called them the guard againſt the Senate, And one day as the Con-
ſulls kept their common Aſſembly in the Marker-place , S#/prtis coming in Armed upon them, made
them both take their heels, and get them packing : and as they fled, one of the Conſulls Sons being
taken tardy , was ſlain. $y{/a being the other Conſull , and perceiving that he was followed hard
at hand unto Marins Houle , ran into the ſame againſt the opinion ot all the world : whereof they
that ran after him not being aware, paſſed by the Houſe. And it is reported that Marix himſelf con-
veyed Syllaſafely out at a back door , and that he being ſcaped thus, went unto his Camp. Not-
withſtanding , Syla himſelf in his Commentaries doth not ſay , that he was ſaved in Maris Houle
when he fled : but that he was brought thither to give his conſent unto a matter which Sxlpitivs
would have forced him unto againſt his will, preſenting him naked Swords on every fide. And he
writeth alſo , that being thus forcibly brought unto Marins Houſe , he was kept there in this fear,
untill ſuch time as returning into the Market-place, he was compelled to revoke again the Adjornment
of juſtice , which he and his companion by Edi& had commanded. This done, Slpirius then
being the ſtronger , cauſed the Commiſltons and gharge of this War againſt Afithridates to be a-
Mgned unto Marins by the voice of the People. Therefore Aarins giving order for his departure,
ſent two of his Colonels before to rake the Army of Sy/la : who having won his Souldiers hearts
before , and ſtirred them up againſt Marius, brought them on with him dire&ly rowards Rot ,
being no leſs then five and thirty thouſand fighting men ; who ſetting upon the Captains 4/4-
rins had ſent unto them , flew them in the Field. In revenge whereof Maris again in RoME pul
many of Fylla's friends and followers to death , and proclaimed open- liberty by ſound of Tum-
per , to all (ayes and bondmen that would take Arms for him : but there were never but _
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onely that offered themſelves. Whereupon, having madea little reſiſtance unto Sy{a when he came in- % ; a
toRoms, he was ſoon after compelled tro runhis way. Afarius was no ſooner out of the City, but Mariu?flyerh*
they that were in his company forſaking him, diſperſed themſelves here and there being dark night: and from Rome,
'* Aarins himſelf got to a houſe of his in the Countrey, called Salonizm, and ſent his Son to one of his
xi in Law 2ztiis Farms, not far fromthence, ro make ſome proviſion for vituals. But Marius
in the mean time, went before tro OST 1 4, where one of his friends A\[#merizs had prepared him a ſhip,
in the which he imbarked immediately, not tarrying for his Son, and hoifed ſail, having onely Gran:-
2 his Wives Son with him. In the mean time the younger Marius being at his Father in Law eMu-
tixs Farm, ſtayed (9 long in gerting of proviſion, in trutling of it up, and carrying it away, that broad
day light had like to have diſcovered him : for the enemies had advertiſement whether he was gone,
whereupon certain horſemen were ſent thither ſuppoſing to have found him. But the keeper of the houſe
having an inckling of their coming, and preventing them alſo before they came, ſuddenly yoked his
Oxen to the Eart, which he loaded with Beans and hid this younger MMarizs under the ſame. And (4988
pricking the Oxen forward with his Goad, ſet out, and mer themas they went towards the City, and 44408
delivered £/arizs in this ſort into his Wives houſe : and there taking luch things as he needed, when 111%
the night following came, went towards the ſea, and rook ſhip, finding one croſs-failed, bound to-
wards AFRICK. A4aris the Father ſailing on ſtill, had a very good wind to point along the coaſt of _ .
Ir ALy : notwithſtanding, being afraid of one Gemini, a chiet man of TERRAaciNe, who hated m9 Sang
him to the death,he gave the Mariners warning hereof berimes, and willed them to take heed of landing frick. -orad
at TERRACINE. The Mariners were very willing to obey him, but the wind ſtood full againſt them
coming from the Main, which raiſed a great ſtorm, and they -fteared much that their Veſſel which was
but a Boat, would not brook the ſeas : beſides that, he himſelf was very fick in his ſtomach, and ſore
ſea-beaten : notwithſtanding at the length with the greateſt difficulty that might be, they recovered the
_ © coaſt over againſt the Ciry of C1Kxcts. Inthe mean time, the ſtorm increaſed ſtill, and their viRtuals
failed them ; whereupon they were compelled to land, and went wandring up and down not knowing '
what to do, nor what way to take. Bur as it fallerh out commonly in ſuch like caſes of extremity, they 1
thought it always the beſt ſafery for them, to fly from the place where they were, and to hope of that k | }
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which they ſaw not : for if the ſea were there enemy, the land was ſo likewiſe, To meet with men they
were afraid : and not to meet with them on the other {ide lacking victuals, was indeed the greater dan-
ger, Nevertheleſs, in thc end they met with heard-1nen that could give them nothing to eat, but know-
ing Marius, warned him to get out of the way as ſoon as he could poſſible, becauſe it was not long
ſince that there paſſed by a great troop of Horſemen that ſought him all about. And being brought un-
to ſuch perplexity, that he knew not where to beſtow himſelf, and ſpecially for that the poor men he
had in his company were almoſt arved for hunger : he got our of the high way notwithſtanding, and
ſought our a very thick V/ood, where he paſſed all that night in great ſorrow, and the next morning be-
ing compelled of neceſliry, determined yet to employ his body before all bis ſtrength failed, Thus he
wandred on along the ſea coaſt, ſtill comforting them that followed him the beſt he could, and pray-
ing them not to deſpair, but to refer themſelves to him, even untill the laſt hope, truſting in certain
Propheſies which the Soothſayers had cold him of long time before. For when he was but very young,
and dwelling in the Countrey, he gathered up in the lap of his Gown, the airy of an Eagle, in the
which were ſeven young Eagles : whereat his Father and Mothex much wondring, asked the Sooth-
ſayers what that meant. They anſwered, that their Son ſhould one day be one of rhe greateſt men in
the world, and that out of doubt he ſhould obtain ſeven times in his lite the chiefeſt Office of dignity
in his Countrey. And for that matter, ir is ſaid, that ſo in deed it came to paſs. Other hold opinion,
that ſuch as were about A12rivs at that time, in that preſent place, and elſewhere, during the time of
his flying : they hearing him tell this tale, believed ir, and afterwards put it down in writing, as a true
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thing, although of troth it is both falſe and fained. For, they lay that the Eagle never hath but two 41:18
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Howſoever it was, it is certain that Aarius many times during the time of his flying ſaid, that he was IH
aſſured he ſhould come unto the ſeventh Conſulſhip. When they were come near now to the City of 75
: MiNTuRNEs, about two miles and an half from ir, they might perceive a Troop of horſemen coming ",4ve1
$ by the ſea fide, and two ſhips on the ſea that fell upon the coaſt by good hap. Wherefore they all be- Y
c gan to run (ſo long as they had breath and ſtrength) towards the ſeas,into the which they threw them- Th | |
þ ſelves, and got by twimming unto one of the ſhips where Granins was: and they croſſed over unto the -
11s Iſle thar is right againſt it called ENar1 a. Now for Marins, who was heavy and fick of body, two ne
N of his ſervants holp to hold him up always above water, with the greateſt pain and difficulty inthe | q
a- world : and at the laſt they laboured ſo throughly, that rhey put him into the other ſhip ar the ſelf #
e tame preſent when the horſemen came unto the ſea fide ; who cryed out aloud to the Mariners to land a
_ agam, or elſetirow « 2{arixs over-board, and then ro go where they would. Marius on the other wt
ty ide bumbly belought them with tears, not to do ſo : whereby the Maſters of the ſhip in a ſhort ſpace c v%
a- were 1n many minds whether to do it, or not to doit. In the -end notwithſtanding, they anſwered butt
pur the horſemen, they would not throw him over-boazd : ſothe horſemen went their way in a great Wi |
M- rage, But as ſoon as they were 'gone, the Maſter of the Ship changing his mind, drew towards "4
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Liris fl. land, and caft Anchor about the mouth of the River of Liris, where it leaveth her banks, and makech
great Marſhes : and therethey told e31arixs he ſhould do well to go on land to eat ſomewhat, and
refreſh his ſick body, till the wind ſerved them to make fail, which doubtleſs ſaid they , will be at
2 certain hour when the ſea-wind falls and becomes calm, and that there riſeth a little wind from the
land, ingendred by the vapours of the Marſhes, which will ſerve the turn very well to take Seas again,
Marius ſet a= Marins following their counſel, and thinking they had meant good faich, was fer on land upon
land, and tor- the Rivers bank : and there laid him down upon the graſs, nothing iuſpeRing that which happened at.
ſfaken of the {erto him. For the Mariners preſently taking their ſhip again, and hoiſhing up their Anchors ſail-
— ed ſtraight away, and fled ; judging it no honeſty for them ro have delivered Aarins into the hands
oi his enemies, nor ſafery for themlelves to have ſaved him. Aarizs finding himſelf all alone, and
forſaken of every man, lay on the ground a great while, and ſaid never a word : yet at the length ta-
king hearr a little tro hum, got up once again on his feet, and painfully wandered up and down, where
was neither way nor path ar all, overthwart deep Marſhes and great Ditches full of watePand nwd, till
he came at thelength to a poor old mans Cottage, dwelling there in theſe Marſhes , and falling at his
feet, beſought him to help ro ſave and ſuccour a poor afflicted man, with promiſe that one day he
would give him a better recompence then he looked for, if he might eſcape this preſent danger wherein
he was. Theold man, whether for that he had known 2ariusatoretime, or that ſeeing him (by con-
jeure onely) judged him to be fome great perſonage, told him thar if he meant but to lie down, and
reſt himſelf a little, his poor Cabin would ſerve chat turn reaſonably well : but if he meant to wan-
der thus, to fly his enemies that followed him, he would then bring him into a more ſecret place, and
Mavive hidden {4rther off from noiſe. Afarius prayed him that he would do ſo much for him : and the good may
in "i ——_—_ brought him into the Marſh, untoalow place by the Rivers ſide, where he made him lie down, and
"© then covered him with a great deal of Reed and Bent, and other ſuch light things as could not hurr
him. He had not long been there, but he heard a great noiſe coming towards the Cabin of the poor
old man : for Geminius of TERRA CINE had ſent men all about to ſeek for him, whereof ſome
by chance came that way, and put the poor man ina fear, and chreatned him that he had received and
hidden an enemy of the Romans. Afarixs hearing that, roſe out of the place where the old man
; had laid him, and tripping himſelf ſtark naked, went into a part of the Marſh where the water was
Marius raked. fyll of mire and mud, and there was found of thoſe that ſearched for him : who taking him out of the
ſlime all naked as he was, carried him into the Ciry of MiNTuRNEs, and delivered him there into
the Governors hands, Open Proclamation was made by the Senate through all ITaLy, that they
ſhould apprehend Marius, and kill him whereſoever they found him. Notwithſtanding, the Go-
vernors and Magiſtrates of MINTuRNEs thought good firſt to conſult thereupon among themſelves,
and in the mean time they delivered him into the ſate cuſtody of a woman called Farnia, whom they
thought to have been a bitter enemy of his, tor an old grudge ſhe had co him, which was this, Fanta
{omerime had a husband called Tis, whom ſhe was willing to leave, for they could not agree, and
required her Dower of him again, which was very great. Her husband again ſaid, ſhe had plaid the
whore, The matter was brought before Marins in. bis fixth Conſulſhip, who had given judgement
upon it, Both parties being heard, and the Law proſecuted on either fide, it was found that this Fan-
214 was a naughty woman of her body, and that her Husband knowing it well enough before, yet he
rook her with her faults, and long time lived with her, Wherefore Aarins being angry with them
both, gave ſentence that the husband ſhould repay back her dower, and thar for ber naughty life, ſhe
ſhould pay four farthings. This notwithſtanding, when Fannia ſaw Marius, ſhe grudged him not
F4nniics cour- for that, and leaft of all had any revenging mind in her towards him, but contrarily did comfort and
_ unto M4- help him what ſhe could with that ſhe bad. Marins thanked her marvellouſly for it, and bad her
: hope well : becauſe ſhe met with ſo good luck as he was coming to her houſe, and in this manner, As
they were leading of him, when he came near. unto Farniaes houſe, her door being open, there came
an Aſs running out to go to drink at a Conduit nor far from thence : and meeting Aſarins by the way,
looked upon him with a livefull countenance, firſt of all ſtopping ſuddenly before him, and then be-
ginning to bray out aloud, and to leap and skip by him, Whereupon AMarixs ſtraight conjettu-
ring with himſelf, ſaid, that the gods did fignifie unto him, that be ſhould ſave himſelf ſooner by water
then by land : becauſe the Aſs leaving him, ran to drink, and cared not toeat, So when hehad :old
Fannia this tale, he deſired to reſt, and prayed them to ler him alone, and ſhut the Chamber door
to him, But the Magiſtrates of the City having conſulted cogether abour him, in the end reſolved they
muſt defer no longer time, but diſpatch him out of the way preſently, Now when they were 4-
greed upon it, they could nor find a man in the City that durſt take upon him to kill him : but a man
One hired tro Of Arms of the Gaurs, or one of the CiMBREs (for we find both the one and the other in
kill 2ſarius, Writing) that went thither with his {word drawn in his hand, Now, that place of the Chamber
| wherein Marius lay was very dark, and as it is reported, the man of Arms thought he ſaw two
burning flames come out of Xfarins eyes, and heard a voice out of that dark corner, ſaying unto him:
O fellow, thou, dareſt thou to kill Caius Marius? The barbarous Gaur hearing theſe words, ran
out of the Chamber preſently, caſting his ſword in the midſt of che floor, and cryed out theſe words
onely : I cannot kill Caius Marius, This made the M1iNnTurNI1ANS afraid in the City at the firſt,
but afrerwards it moved them to compaſſion. So they were angry with themſelves, and did repent chem
that they converted their counſel to ſo cruel and unkind a deed, againſt one that had preſerved all 1-
TALY : andto deny him aid in ſo extream neceſſity, it was too great a fin, Therefore ler us ler him g0,
ſaid they to themſelves, where he will, and ſuffer him to take his fortune appointed him elſewhere: "q
et
——> — — —
"7710s MAIKEVWS © BE
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——
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let us pray to the gods to pardon this offence of ours, ty have thruſt Aſarixs naked and beggarly out
of our City. For thgſe couſiderations, the MixTurx1ANs went all together to Afarixs Where he The Mintorns.
was, and ſtood about him, determining to ſee him ſafely condutted unto the Sea fide. Now though ans tufferes
every man was ready and willing to pleaſure him, ſome with one thing, ſome with another, arid that ris to go
they did haſten him all they could pollible, yer they were a good while a gging thither : becauſe there ogy _—_
was a wood called Afarica,that lay right in their way between their City and the Sea-coaſt, which they ,;.,;*, -..
greatly reverence,and think it a Sacriledge to carry any thing out of that Wood,that was once brought
into it, On the other fide, to leave to go through this Wood, and to compals it round about,it would
ask a marvellous long time. So they ſtanding all in doubt what they ſhould do, one of the ancienteſt
men of the City ſpake aloud unto them, and aid : that there was no way torbidden them, that went a-
bout to ſave Maris life, Then Marizs himlelf being the foremoſt man, taking up ſome of the fardels
which they carried with him to pleaſure him in the ſhip, went through the Wood, All other things
neceſſary being thus readily prepared for him with like good will, and ſpecially the fhip which one
Bellzus had ordained for him : he cauſed all this tory ro be painted in a Table at large, which he
gave unto the Temple, out of the which he departed when he took ſhip, After he was departed thence, ,,,,
the wind by good tortune carried him into the Ifle of Exar14A, whete he found Grains and ſome yer gyerh inz2
other of his triends, with whom he took Sea again, and pointed towards Ar&1cx. Bur lacking Africs.
water, they were compelled to Land in $1c111 a, in the terrirory of the City of Ex 1x: where by
chance there lay a Roman Quzſtor, who kept that coaſt. Afariz being landed there, ſcaped ve-
ry narrowly that he was not taken of him : for he ſlew fixteen of his men that came out with him to take
water, So Marinxs getting him thence with all ſpeed, croſſed the Seas, untill he arrived in the Iſle of
MzENYNGE, where he firſt underſtood that his Son was ſaved with Cethegws, and that they were
both together gone ro Hiempſall King of the Num1D1A NS to beſeech him for aid. This gave him a
little courage, and made him bold to paſs our of that Ifle, into the coaſt of CarTHaGe. Now at
that time, Sextilius a ROMAN Prztor was Governour of ArR1cx, unto whom Afarixs had ne-
ver done good nor hurt, and therefore he hoped, that for pity onely he might perhaps have help at
F hand. Howbeit he was no ſooner landed with a few of his men, but a Sergeant came and ſaid unto
him : Sextilizzs, Prztor and Governour of Ly B14, doth forbid thee to land in all this Province ; 0-
therwiſe he tellerh rhee, that he will obey the Senates commandment, and purſue thee as an enemy of
the Romans. Marins hearing this commandment, was fo angry and ſorry both, that he could
not readily tell what anſwer to make him, and pauſed a good while, and (aid never aword, till eying
the Sergeant with a grim look : untill he asked him what anſwer he would make to the Przrors com-
mandment. Afarixs then fetching a deep ſigh from his heart, gave him this anſwer : Thou ſhalt tell |
Sextilius, that thou haſt ſeen Cains Marins baniſhed out of his Countrey, fitting amongſt the ruines _—_ u_
of the City of CarTHAaGE. By this anſwer, he wiſely layed the example of the ruine and deſtru- ;,es incon<
Rion of that great City of CarTHAGE, before Sextilius eyes, and che change of his fortune, to ttancy, *
warn Sextilius that the like might fall upon him. In the mean time, H:iempſall King of the Num101-
ANS, not knowing how to reſolve, did honourably intreat young Marms and his company : but
when they were willing to go their way, he always found new occaſion to = them, and was very
glad to ſee that he ſtarted not for any opportunity or good occaſion that was oftered : notwithſtanding
there fortuned a happy mean unto them, whereby they ſaved themſelves. And this it was. This Marixs
the younger being a fair complexioned young man, it pitticd one of the Kings Concubines to fee him
ſo hardly dealt withall. This pity of hers was a ſhadow to cloak the love ſhe bare him, but Afarins
would not hearken at the firſt to her enticements, and refuſed her. Yet inthe end, perceiving that there
was no other way for him to eſcape thence, and confidering that ſhe did all things for their avail,
more diligently and lovingly then ſhe would have done, if ſhe had not mieant further matter unto him,
then onely to enjoy the plealure of him : he then accepted her love and kindnefs, ſo as at the Iength
the taught him a way how to fly, and ſave himſelf and his friends. Hereuponhe went to his father, and aarius the
atter they had embraced and ſaluted each other, and going along the ſea fide, they found two Scorpi- younger eſca-
ons fighting together, Afarins took this for an ill ſign : whereupon they quickly rook a fiſher boar, pet Hiemy/:!s
f and went into the Iſle of CERc1N a, Which is nogreat diſtance off from firm land. They had no —_
ſooner hoiſed up Anchor, but they ſaw the horſemen which King Hiempſall had ſent unto the place
C from whence they were departed : and that was one of the greateſt dangers that Marius ever eſcaped.
y In the mean timethere wasnews at Rome, that Syſſa made war againſt King Aithridates Lieutenants:
Fo and furthermore, that the Conſuls being up in Arms the one againſt the other, Ottavizs wan the battle, c;1n4 driven
on and being the ſtronger, had driven-out (374 who fought to have uſurped tyrannical power, and had our of Rome by
- made (ornelins Merula Conſul in his place 5 and that Cinna on the other fide leavyed men out of 0- 0#4vius,
xr ther parts of ITAL Y, and made wars upon them that werein Rome. Marim hearing of this difſenti-
wy on, thought good to return as ſoon. as he could poilible into IT 4Ly. And aſſembling certain horſemen
_- of the Nation of the Maurus1ANns in AFRICX, and certain ITALIANS that had faved them-
= {elves there, unto the number of a thouſand men in all : he took ſea, and landed in a Haven of Taus-
wm CANE called TEiamyn , and being landed, proclaimed by found of Trumpet, liberty to all ſlaves
- and bondmen that would come to him. So the labourers, herdmen and neat-herds of all that Marſh, tor
1 L. the onely name and reputation of Marixs, ran to the fea ſide from all parts: of the which be having
4 choſen out the ſtoureſt and luſtieſt of them, wan them ſo by fair words, that having gathered a
oi gre2c company —_— in few days, he made forty fail of them, Furthermore, knowing that Otta-
* Vis Was a marvellous honeſt man, that would have no-authority otherwiſe then Law and _
J1 2 would;
” = 8
..% ">, \
0k, by ” 5B \F - 7 x .
would : and that Cinna to the contrary was ſuſpeted of Sylla, and that he ſought to bring in change
Marius joyn- and innovation to the Commonwealth : he determined to joyn his force with Cinna. So Marius "nd
eth his force firſt unto C74, to let him underſtand that he would obey him as Conſul, and be ready to do all that he
with Cznnz. ſhould command him. Cinn4 received him, and gave him the Title and Authority of Vice-Conſul,and
ſent him Serjeants to carry Axes and Rods before him, with all other ſigns of Publick Authority, Bur
eHarius refuſed them, and ſaid, that pomp became not his miſerable fortune : for he ever went in
a poor thread-bare Gown, and had let his hair grow ſtill after he was baniſhed, being about three.
ſcore and ten years old, and had a ſober gate with him, to make men pity him the more that (aw
him, But under all this counterfeit pity of his he never changed his natural look; which was ever
more fearfull and terrible then otherwiſe. And where he ſpake bur little, and went very demurely
and ſoberly, that ſhewed rather a cankered courage with him, then a mind humbled by his baniſh-
ment. Thus when he had ſaluted C:na, and ſpoken to the Souldiers, he then began to ſer things
abroach, and made a wonderfull change in few days. For firſt of all, with his ſhips he cut off all
the victuals by Sea, and robbed the Merchants that carried Corn and other victuals ro Ros ; 6
that in ſhort ſpace he was maſter Purveyer for all neceſſary proviſion and victuals. After this he went
along the coaſt, and took all the Cities upon the Sea fide, and at thelength wan Os T14. alſo by trea-
ſon, put the moſt part of them in the Town to the ſword, and ſpoiled all their goods : and afterwards
making a Bridge upon the River of T1BE k, took from his enemies all hope to have any manner of
: Proviſion by Sea. That done, he went directly rowards Ro mz with his Army, where firſt he wan
Oftauius Fd the hill called 7aniculum through Ottavins fault : who overthrew himſelf in his doings, not ſo much
me" na for lack of reaſonable skill of Wars, as through his unprofitable curioſity and ftriQneſs in
ence Or rne : , . L
Ciry of Rome obſerving the Law. For when divers did perſwade him to (et the bondmen at liberty to take Arms
againſt Cinnz for defence of the Commonwealth : he anſwered, that he would never give bondmen the Law and
and Maris. Priviledgeof a ROMAN Citizen, having driven Caizs Maris out of Rome , to maintain the Au-
thoriry of the Law. But when Cecilins eMetellus was come to Roms, the Son of that Metellus
Numaidicus, that having begun the Wars in Ly 81A againſt King Jugurth, was put out by Marige:
the Souldiers forſook Ottavizs immediately, and came unto him, becauſe they took him to be a tt-
ter Captain, and deſired alſo to have a Leader that could tell how to command them to ſavethe City,
and the Common-wealth, For they promiſed to fight valiantly, and perſwaded themſelves that they
ſhould overcome their enemies, ſo that they had a skilfull and valiant Captain that could order them.
eMetellus milliking their offer, commanded them in anger to return again unto the Conſul : bur
they for ſpite wentunto the enemies. ſerel{us on the other fide, ſeeing no good order taken in the
OFxvius roo City to reſiſt the enemies, got him out of Rome, Bur Ottavixs being perſwaded by certain Sooth-
much given to ſzyers and CHALDEAN Sacrificers, who promiſed him all ſhould go well with him, tarried ſtill in
a nal Roms : for that man being otherwiſe, as wiſe as any Roman of his time, and one that dealt as
ana vat uprightly in his Conſulſhip, not carried away with flattering tales, and one alſo that followed the An-
{c&ion. cient Orders and Cuſtoms as infallible rules and example, neither breaking nor omitting any part
thereof : merhinks yer had this imperfe&ion, that he frequented the Soothlayers, Wiſe men, and
Aſtronomers, more then men skilfull in Arms and Government, Wherefore, before that Jarins him-
_ _ ſelfcame into the City, Ottavizs was by force pluckt out of the Pulpit for Orations, and (lain preſent-
Offevins _ ly by Marins Souldiers whom he had ſent before into the City. And it is ſaid alſo, that when he was
- gs _ (ain , they found a figure of a CHALDEaN Prophecy in his boſom : and here is to be noted a
A-great con- great contrariety intheſe two notable men, Octavius and Marius. The firlt loſt his life by truſting
rrarieryin A= to Soothſaying, and the ſecond proſpered, and roſe again , becauſe he did not deſpiſe the Art of
ſtronomy- Divination. The ſtate of Rome ſtanding then in this manner, the Senate conſulting together, ſent
Ambaſſadors unto C:nza and AMarins, to pray them to come peaceably into Ro Ex, and not imbrue
their bands with the blood of their C itizens. {nn fitting in his Chair as Conſul, gave them audi-
ence, and made them a very reaſonable and courteous anſwer. Marius ſtanding by him ſpake never
a word : but ſhewed by his ſowr look that he would ſtraight fill Roms with murder and blood. So
Cinand Ma Whenthe Ambaſſadors were gone, Cinna came ints Rome environed with a great number of ſouldiers:
rizs enter into but Iarins ſtaid ſuddenly at the gate, ſpeaking partly in anger, and partly in mockery, that he was a
Rome. banifhed man, and driven out of his Countrey by Law : and therefore if they would have him come
into RoME again, they ſhould firſt by a contrary. Decree abolliſh and revoke that of his baniſhment,
as if he had been a Religious obſerver of the Laws, and as though Rom z had at that preſent enjoyed
their Freedome and Liberty. Thus he made the People aſſemble in the Marker- place to pro-
ceed to the confirmation of his calling home again, Bur before three or four Tribes had time
to give their voices, diſguiſing the marter no longer, and ſhewing plainly that he meantnot to be
lawfully called home again from exile; he came into Romz with a Guard about him, of the verieſt
Bardizi. Raſcals and moſt ſhameleſs ſlaves, called the BaxD1#1aNns, who came to him from all parts:
Marius 7 way and they for the leaſt word he ſpake, or at the twinckling of his eye, or at a nod of his head made
Some, £0 ©hem, flew many men through his commandment, and at the length flew eAncharins a Senator
: (that bad been Prztor) at Marius feet with their ſwords, becauſe onely that Marius did not ſalute
him when he came one day to ſpeak with him. After this murther, they continued killing all them
that Maris did not ſalute, and ſpeak unto : for that was the very ſign he had given them to kill them
Marius craelty. openly in the ſtreets before every man , ſo that his very friends were afraid of being murthered,
when they came to ſalute him, Thus a great number of men being ſlain, Cinna in the end began
to be ſatisfied and to appeaſe his anger. But Aarixs anger and unſatiable deſire of revenge increas
ſed more and more, ſo that he ſpared not one if he ſuſpeRted him never ſo little : and there was -
they
BIS
- wit
11VS MAiRITvs
— — —
. .» hy] " ky +
* re i $
,
*
> TY. "4
_—_ ——
her Town nor high way, that was not full of Scouts and Spies to hunt them out that hid themſelves and
fled. Then experience taught them, that no friend is faithfull, and to be truſted, if fortune frown ne- Srmal! zruſt of
ver ſo little : for there were very tew that did nor _ their friends that fled to them for ſuccour, friend: in ad-
And therefore do Cornutxs ſervants ſo much the more deſerve praiſe, who having ſecretly hidden their _—_
Maſter in his houſe, did hang the dead body of ſome common perſon by the neck, and baving pur a ,.;; —_—
Gold Ring on his finger, they ſhewed him to the BarxDi&1a ns, Marins Guard, and buried him tus fervants to
inſtead of their own Maſter, without ſuſpition of any man that it was a fained thing : and ſo Cornutys their malter.
being hidden by his ſervants, was ſately conveyed into the Country of Gaur. Mark, Anthony the
Orator had alſo found our a faithfull friend, yet was he unfortunate. This faichfull friend of his, was
a poor ſimple man, whp had received one of the chiefeſt men of Ro into his houſe to keep him cloſe
there : he being deſirous ro make him the beſt chear he could with thar little he had, ſent one of hismen
to the next Tavern to fetch Wine, who taſting the Wine more curiouſly then he was wont to do, cal-
led for better, The Drawer asked him why the new ordinary Wine would not ſerve him, but he muſt
needs have of the beſt and deareſt : the fooliſh fellow fimply anſwered him (telling him as his familiar
friend) that his maſter did feaſt Mark, Anthony, who was bidden very ſecretly in his houſe, He was ,, ,,
, . , b h ; , OM, ms
no ſooner gone with his Wine, and his back turned, but the vile traiterous Drawer ran unto Afarins, the Orator,be-
who was ſet at Supper when he came. The Drawer being brought unto him, promiſed him to deli- trayed by a
ver Mark, Anthony into his hands, Marin —_— of thar, was ſo jocond, that he cryed our and Taverner.
clapt his hands together for joy : and would have riſen from the board, and gone thither himſelf in per-
ſon, had not his triends kept him back. But he ſent 41354 one of his Captains thither with a certain
number of ſouldiers, and commanded them to bring him his head quickly, So they went thither, and
when they were come to the houſe which the Drawer had brought chem ro, Annizs tarried beneath ar
the door, and the ſouldiers went up the ſtairs into the Chamber, and finding Anthony there, they be-
gan to encourage one another to kill him, not one of chem having the heart to lay hands upon him. For
Anthony's tongue was as ſweet as a Syrene, and had ſuch an excellent grace in ſpeaking, that when he Th. 6rce of
began to ſpeak unto the Souldiers, and to pray them to {ave his life ; there was nor one of them ſo hard eloquence.
hearted, as once to touch him, nonor onely to look him in the face, but looking downwards, fell a
weeping, Annius perceiving they tarried long, and came not down, went himſelf up into the Cham-
ber, and found Anthony talking to his Souldiers, and them weeping, his ſweet eloquent tongue had ſo
melred their hearts : bur he rating them, ran furioully upon bim, and ftrake off his head with his own
hands. And /atulus Luttatius alſo, that had been Conſul with Adarixs, and had triumphed over the
C1MBREs with him, ſeeing himſelf inthis peril, ſent men to entreat Afaris for him : bur his anſwer
was ever, He muſt needs die, So Carl locked himſelf into a lirtle Chamber, and made a great fire ,,,,,. 7...
of Charcole to be kindled, and with the imoak thereof choaked himſelf. Now after their heads were iu; killed
cut off, they threw out the naked bodies intothe ſtreets, and trode them under their feer : the which himſelf.
was not onely a pitifull, but a fearfull ſight to all that ſaw them, Bur after all this yet, there was nothing
that grieved the people ſo much, as the horrible lechery and abominable cruelty of his Guard of the
BaRDI&1ANs, whocoming into mens houſes by force, after they bad ſlain the Maſters, defiled their
young children, and raviſhed their Wives and Maids, and ho man would once reprove their cruelty,
lechery, and unſatiable avarice : untill Cizna and Sertorixs in the end ſet upon them as they lept in The Bardiez-
their Camp, and ſlew them every one, Bur in this extremity, . as if all things had been reftored unto a—_ =
their firſt eſtate, news came again from all parts. ro Rome, that Sy{{a having ended his Var againſt fr their oY
King Mithridates, and recovered the Provinces which he had uſurped, returned into ItaLy with a ty.
great power. This cauſed theſe evils and unſpeakable miſeries to ceaſe a little, becauſe the wicked do-
ers of the ſame, looked they ſhould have wars on their backs ere it were long. Whereupon Aarins
was choſen Conſul the ſeventh rime. He going out of his houſe openly the firſt day of January, bein
the beginning of the year, to take poſſeſſion of his Conſulſhip,cauſed one Sextus Lucinws to be thrown 21497 ſevench
down headlong from the Rock Tar PE1aN, which ſeemed to be a great ſign and certain token of "TP
the evils and miſeries that fell out afterwards the ſelf ſame year upon them for their fa&ion, unto all the
City beſide, But Adarins being ſore broken with his former troubles, and his mind opprefſed with ex-
tream ſorrow and grief, could not now at this laſt time of need pluck up his hearr'to him again, when
he came to think of this new War toward that threatned him, and of the dangers, griefs, and troubles
he ſhould enter into, more great and perillous then any he had paſſed before, For through the great
experience he had in Wars, be trembled for fear when he began to think of ir, conſidering thar he had
to fight, not with O&avixs, nor with Merula, Captains of a Company of Rebels gathered together :
but with a noble Sy//a, that had driven him out of Ro before, and that came now from driving the
puiſſant King Mithridates, unto the furtheſt part of the Realm of Po xr, andof the fea Eux1Nnum.
Thus, deeply weighing and conſidering the ſame, and ſpecially when he looked back upon his long
time of baniſhment, how vagabond like he wandred up and down in other Countries, and remembred
the great misfortunes he had paſſed, and the ſundry dangers he fell ſo often into, being purſued ſtill by
ſea and by land : itgrieved him to the heart, and made him ſo unquier, that he could not ſleep in the
night, or it he ſlept, had fearfull dreams that troubled him, and till he chought he heard a voice buz-
Zing in his ears ;
\
—_—
Mavius
thoughts and
ears,
A Lions very Den us dreadfull to behold,
Theuzh he himſelf be gone abroad, and be not there in hold.
But fearing moſt of all that he ſhould no more ſleep and take his reſt, he gave himſelf tro make
I13 un -
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370 CAIVS MARIUS.
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unreaſonable banquets, and to drink more then his years could bear, ſeeking to win ſleep by this means,
Device to win to avoid care the better, But at the length there came one from the Sea, that gave him certain intelli-
licep. gence of all : and that was an increaſe of a new fear unto him. And thus he being now extreamly trou--
bled, partly for fear of the ching to come, and partly alſo for the over heavy burden of his preſent ill,
there needed bur little more aggravation, to fall into the diſeaſe whereof he died, which was a Pleuriſie:
as Poſidonins the Philoſopher writeth , who ſaith plainly, that he went into his Chamber when he
was fick, and ſpake unto him about matters of his Ambaſſade, for the which he came to Romez, Yer
another Hiſtoriographer Caius Piſo writeth, that eAſarins walking one day after ſupper with his
friends, fell in talk of his tortune from the beginning of his Life, relling them at large how often for-
tune had turned with and againſt him : concluding, that it is no wiſe mans part to truſt her any more,
So when he had done, he took his leave of them, and laid him down upon his bed, where he lay ſick
Marius the fa- ſeyen days together, and on the ſeventh day died, Some write that his ambition appeared plainly, by
thers death, =. ſtrangeraving that took him in his head during his ſickneſs : for he thought that he made wars with
Mithridates, and ſhewed in his bed all the geſtures and movings of his body, as if he had been in a bat-
ogg tle, crying the ſame cries out aloud, which he was wont to cry when he was in the extreameſt fight,
: The deſire he had to have taken this charge in hand againſt Mithridates, was ſo deeply fſetled in his
mind through extream ambition and jealouſte that polſeſt him, that being then threeſcore and ten year
; old, after he had been the firſt man that ever was choſen ſeven times Conlul in Rome, and alſo after
A note againſt that he had gotten a world of goods and riches together that might have ſufficed many Kings : yet for
the ambitious. 41] this he died for ſorrow, lamenting his hard fortune, as it he had died before his time, and before thar
he had doneand ended that which he had deſired, But this was clean contrary unto that the wiſe Plato
did, when he drew near to his death, For he gave God thanks for his fatal end and good fortune.Firſt, for
Plato's words 11,17 he had made him a reaſonable man, and no brute beaſt ; ſecondly, a Greek, and no barbarous man:
PE and furthermore, for that he was born in Socrates time, It is reported alſo, that one eAntipater of
THaRs1s, calling to mind little before his death the good fortune he had in his life time, did not for-
get among other things, to tell of the happy Navigation he made, coming from his Countrey unto A.
THENS ; Which did witnels that he put upon the file of his good accounts for a ſingular great grace,
all favour fortune had ſhewed him, and that he kept it in perpetual memory, being the onely and moſt
aſſured treaſurea man can have, to keep thoſe gifts that nature or fortune do beſtow on him. But con-
trariwiſe unthankfull fools unto God and nature both, do forget with time the memory of their former
benefits, and laying upnothing, nor keeping it in perpetual memory, are always void of goods and
full of hope,gaping ſtill for things to come, and leaving in the mean time the thing preſent, though rez-
ſon perſwadesthem the contrary. For fortune may eaſily let them of the thing ro come, but ſhe can=
not take that from them which 1s already paſt ; and yer they utterly forget the certain benefit of for-
tune, asa thing nothing belonging unto them, and dream always of that which is uncertain, And ſure
it chanceth to them by great reaſon : for, having gathered outward goods together, and locking them
up before they have built and laid a ſure grounded foundation of reaſon through = Learning, they
Note, thar in cannot afterwards fill nor quench heir unſatiable greedy covetous mind, Thus ended ſarixs his Life,
Sylla'sLife fol. the ſeventeenth day of his ſeventh Conſulſhip, whereof all the City of Roz was not a little glad,
lowing, it3p- and took heart again unto them, ſuppoſing they had then been delivered from a bleody cruel tyranny.
prac -"q But within few days after they knew it to their coſt, that they had changed an old maſter taken out of
Cw was the world, for a younger that came but newly to them : ſuch extream unnatural cruelties and murthers
beſieged in the did 2Aarizs the younger commit, after the death of his father 2ſarizs, murthering in manner all che
City of Prz- chiefeſt noble menof Rome, At the firſt, they took him for a valiant and hardy young man, where-
neſte, and not yngn they named him the Son of Afar : bur ſhortly after his deeds did ſhew the contrary, and then
pn vn *?* they called him the Son of 77ers. In the end he was ſhut in, and beſieged by Sy#a, in the oy of Pz-
as the Ciry RUSIA, where he did what he could poſſible to ſave his life, but all was invain ; and laftly, ſeeing no
leemeth robe way to eſcape, the City being taken, he ſlew himſelf with his own hands.
miſtaken in
one of the lives
The end of Caius Marius Life.
THE LIFE OF
LYSANDE R
i
Q
Ant. Chriſt.
3546. | 203+
4; N the treaſury of the ACANTHIA Ns, which is in the Temple of Apolo at DEL-
WD pros, there isthis inſcription : Braſidas, and the AcanNTHIANS, with the
= ſpoil of the ATHEN1A NS, That inſcription maketh many men think, that the
image of ſtone that ſtandeth within the chamber by the door thereof, is the i-
m
made with a great buſh of bair, and thick long Beard after the old ancient faſhi-
—_
oo
—-
E>S<D on. And where ſome ſay that the AxG1vts, after they were overcome and had
- loſt a great battle, did all of them ſhave themſelves inroken and fign of common
ſorrow : and that the LaczDamon1ans onthe other fideto ſhew the joy of their Victory, did ler
all their hairs grow, that is not true, no more then this is true which other do report of the Bac cal a-
DES: who being fled from CortNTH unto LaczDanon, the LactD4MONIANS found them fo
ill favouredly diſguiſed and deformed, becauſe their heads were all ſhaven, that thereupon they had a -
defireto ler their hair and beards grow.For that was one of the Ordinances of Lycurg#s,who ſaid, that
i mI2Ye,
age of Braſidas: howbeit in truth it is the lively image of Lyſander himſelf, pong $
L.ycurgus the
the long buſh of hair maketh them that are naturally fair, the pleaſanter to look upon : and upon thoſe Authorof wear:
that are ill favoured, more ugly and fearfull to ſee to. And furthermore, it is ſaid that Ar:ſtoclizws, the
Father of Lyſander , was not of the Royal blood of the Kings of SPARTA, though he came of the Race
of the Heraclides : and that his Son Lyſander was very meanly and poorly brought up, being as obedi-
ent to the Laws and Statutes of his Countrey,as any other man was, ſhewing himl(elt always very ſtrong
and conſtant againſt all vanity and pleaſure, ſaving onely in matters of honour and courtelie, which they
ing long hair.
The nn I
ty of wearing
long bair.
Lyſanders kin-
dred.
The edncari-
offer unto thoſe that deſerve well, For they think ir no ſhame nor diſhoneſty in Se arT a, tharthe |F per ue.
young men do ſuffer themſelves to be overcome with that delight and pleaſure:but do bring up their chil- ja children.
dren, that from their youth they would havethem to have ſome taſt and feeling of honour,delighting to
be praiſed, and ſorry to be diſcommended. For they make no account of him that is not moved with the
one nor the other, but take him to be of a baſe cowardly nature, that hath no manner of mind to do
g00d. And therefore it is to be thoughr, that the ambition and ſtoutneſs that was bred in Lyſander,
proceeded of the Laco x1A x diſcipline and education he had, and not ſo much of his own nature.
But indeed of his own nature he was a right Courtier, and could tell how to entertain and flatter great
States and Nobility, far better then the common manner of the natural SPARTANS * and moreover
tor his private benefit, he could eafily bear with the ſtournels of greater men of Authority then
himſelf, which ſome jutge to be a great point of wiſdom, to know how to deal in matters of State.
Ariſtotle
Ly{ander?
manners»
AI
\ EY > ny \ s >
4 ku Y o
ade add. >:
** o
__ LYSANDER
eAriſtotle in a place where he ſaith, that the greateſt wits commonly are ſubje& unto Melancholy (as
Wiſe men be Socrates, Plato, and Hercnles were) writeth, that Zyſander in-his latter age fell into the Melancholy
ever melan- diſeaſe, but not in his youth. Head alſo this ſingular git above all other, that in his poverty he
choly. 1.. always kept that honeſt modeſty with him, as he would never be overcome nor corrupted with
Lyfe nder 2 = Gold nor Silver : and yet he filled his Countrey with riches and covetouſneſs, which loſt him the re-
piſer of riches . 4 FK4aava, . ;
putation he had won , becayſe. himfelf made none account of riches nor getting. For, bring-
ing ſtore of Gold and Silver into his Countrey after he had overcome the ATHEnraxs , he
relerved not unto himſelf one Drachma onely, And furthermore, when Dzonyſms the Tyrant
of SYRacusa had on a time ſent goodly rich Gowns out of $1c1L1a to his Daughters : he re-
fuſed them, ſaying, that he was afraid ſuch Gowns would make them fowler, Nevertheleſs, ſhort-
ly after being ſent Ambaſſador out of his Countrey to the ſame Tyrant , Dzonyſins having ſent
him two Gowns, praying him to chooſe which he would, to carry to his Daughter : he anſwered
that ſhe her ſelf could beſt chuſe which was the fitter, and ſo carried both with him. But now to
Lyſenders come to his doings in warlike cauſes, the wars of PELoPoONNEsus fell out marvellous long. For
words of Di%- 4frer the overthrow of the Army which the ATHeN1ans had ſent into S1c1114 , when every
#fx liberality man thought they had utterly loſt all their force by Sea, and that by all conjecture they ſhould ſoon
after loſe all by Land alſo: eAlcibiades returning from his exile to deal again in matters of the
State, made an exceeding great change and alteration, For he ſet the ATHEN1ans aflote again,
and made them as ſtrong by Sea as the La czD&mONIANS: who thereupon began to quake for
fear, and to look eftſoons for a freſh war, perceiving that they ſtood in need of a great power, and
Lyſender Ad- of a better Captain then ever they had before. Whereupon they made Lyſander their Admiral, who
miral for the arriving inthe City of Eexz us, found them very well affeted towards him, and marvellous willing
Lacedemonians and ready to take the LacED&MONIANS part : howbeit otherwiſe in very poor ſtate, and ready
by Sea. almoſt to take up all the barbarous manners and faſhions of the Pers1A Ns, becauſe they did con-
tinually frequent them, being envyroned round about with the Countrey of LyD1 a, where the King
Lyſanderenlar- of PeRS1A's Captains were ever reſident, Wherefore having planted his Camp there, he
_ the Ciry brought thirher Merchants ſhips out of all parts, and ſet up an arſenal or ſtore-houſe to build Gallies
of Epheſus. in : ſo that in ſhort ſpace, by oft recourſe of Merchants that beganto trade thither, he quickned their
Havens, and ſet up their ſtaple again for the Traffick of Merchandize, and filled every private Artificers
houſe with an honeſt trade to make them rich by, ſo that ever after it grew in continual hope to
come unto that flouriſhing ſtate and greatneſs, in the which we ſee it at this preſent, Furthermore,
Lyſander being advertiſed that Cyrxs, one of the great Kings of Pzr$1A's Sons, was come unto
the City of Sa RD1s, he went thither to ſpeak with him, and to complain of T:ſaphernes : who
having commandment given him from the King to aid the LaczDamoN1ans, and to help to
expulle the ATHENIANS, and to drive them from the ſea, ſeemed to deal but coldly and faintly
againſt them, for the favour he bare to eAlcibiades, For, in furniſhing the Laczpamonians
very ſcantly with money, he was the cauſe that all cheir Army by Sea went tro wrack. Cyras for his
own part was very glad that he heard complaints of T:ſapbernes, and that they ſpake againſt him:
becaule he was an ill man, and the rather for that he had himſelf a little old grudge to him, Where-
fore he loved Lyſander marvellous well, as well for the complaints he made of T3/aphernes, as allo for
the pleaſure he rook in his company, becauſe he was a man that could wonderfully pleaſe and delight
Noble men; by which means having won the favour of this young Prince, he did perſwade, and
alſo encourage him to follow this War. And when Lyſander was upon his departure to take
his leave of him, Cyr«s feaſted him, and afterwards prayed him not to refuſe the offer of his libera-
lity : and that was, that he would freely ask him what he would, affuring bim he ſhould not be de-
nied any thing. Whereunto Lyſander anſwered him. Sithence I ſee (Cyrus) you are ſo willing
to pleaſure us, I beſeech you, and do alſo counſel you then to encreaſe the ordinary pay of our Mari-
ners, one half peny aday : to the end that where now they have but three half pence, they may hence-
Lyſander took forth receive two pence a day. Cyrus was glad to hear Lyſanders bounty, and the encreaſe that
money for pay he would make, and cauſed ten thouſand Daricks to be delivered him : by mean whereof he added to
of his ſouldiers. the ordinary pay of the Mariners, the increaſe of a half peny a day. This liberality, within few days
afcer emptied all their enemies Gallies of their men, For the moſt part of their Mariners and Galley-
men went where they might have the beſt pay : and ſuch as remained behind, became very dull, lazy,
and ſeditious, daily troubling their Captains and Governours. Now though Lyſander had drawn his
Egemies men from them by this policy, and had done them this great hurt, yer he durſt not fight it
out by Sea, fearing the worthineſs of eAlcibiades , who was a valiant man, and had greater ſtore of
ſhips than he had , and beſides that, was never overcome by Land nor by Sea in any battle where he
was General. So it chanced that Alcibiades went out of the Iile of Sa 0s unto the Ciry of PHoCE4,
which ſtandeth upon firm land dire&ly over againſt Samos, and leaving the whole charge of his
Fleet in his abſence, with ertiochus his Pilot ; he being more hardy then wiſe, in ſcorn and der iſfion
of Lyſander, went with two Galleys onely into the Haven of Ey4zsus, and went by the Arſenal
(where all their ſhips lay in Dock) with great noiſc and laughing. This put Lyſander 1n ſuch a beat
- . 0-1-0 uh and chafe, that firſt of all he put a few Galleys to the Sea, and had him in chaſs with chem, But at-
thentens by Frwards, perceiving that the other Captains of the ATyen1aNs came out one after another t0 the
Sea. "reſcue, he armed other Galleys alſo : ſo that ſupplying ſtill with a few on either ſide, at length they
came to main battle, which Zyſander wan, and having taken fifteen of their Galleys, he [A up 4
token of triumph and victory, When the people of ATHE x s heard the news of this overthro®:
the)
Sardis a City
in Lydia.
Lyſanders vi-
—_ 4 m—— th. ——
0
.
%
FETSANDE R
they were ſo angry with eAlcibiades, that they depoſed him preſently of his charge ; and the ſoul.
diers alſo that lay in Camp in the Iſle of Samos, began to miſlike him, and to {peak ill of him,
Whereupon he preſently left his © amp, and went into the Countrey of CHE ktRONESUS in Thea
C1A. This battle was more ſpoken of then there was cauſe, by reaſon of eAlcibiades reputation,
Furthermore, Ly/ander cauſing the ſtoureſt and boldeſt men of every Ciry, above the cominon ſort
ro come to EPpHESUS untohim : laid their ſecret foundations of great change and alteration, which
he eſtabliſhed afterwards in the governments of Cities, For he perſwaded his private friends to make
Tribes amongſt themſelves, to win them friends, and to practiſe to get the rule of their Cities in-
ro their hands : promiſing them, that ſo ſoon as the ATHten1ans wereoverthrown, they'them-
ſelves alſo ſhould, be delivered from ſubjection of their people, and every one of them ſhould
bear chief rule in their Countrey. And this he performed to them all, and made every one of
them prove his words true ; for he preferred all them that had been his old friends, unto the beſt
offices and charges, not ſparing to do againſt all right and reaſon : ſo that they were advanced by
it. And for this cauſe every man came to take his part, and they all ſought and deſired to gra-
tifie and pleaſe him : hoping, that what great matter ſoever fell out, they might aſſure themſelves
that they ſhould obtain it cf him, when he came to have the Government in his own hands.
And therefore they nothing rejoyced at Callicrat.das coming, who came to ſucceed him in the of-
fice of the Admiral ; neither afterwards alſo, when they ſaw by experience that he was as honeſt
and juſt a man as could be. Neither did they like his manner of governing, which was plain and
without any Art or cunning. Burt they commended the perfe&tion of his Vertue, as they would
have done the image of ſome demi-god made after the old faſhion, which had been of ſingular
beauty. Bur in the mean time, they wiſhed for Lyſander, as well for the tender love and good-
will he bare to his friends and them, as alſo for the profit and commodity they got by him. So
when Lyſander took yffle Seas to return home again, all they chat were in the Camp, were as ſor-
ry as could be poſlible, inſomuch as the tears ſtood in their eyes : and he on the other ſide ſtudied
to make them worſe affected unto Callicratidas. - For amongſt many other things, he ſent the reſt
of the money back again to SARD1S , which (rs had given him to pay the Mariners : ſaying,
that allicratidas ſhould go himſelf to ask it, if he would have it, and find the means to en-
terrain his men. And laſtly, when he was ready to imbark , he proteſted before all them that
were preſent, that he did deliver, leave , and aflign over the Army into his hands, command-
ing all the Sea, Bur (allicratidas, to overcome his falſe ambition, and foul boaſting lie, anſwe-
red him again and ſaid : If that be true thou ſayeſt, comethen and deliver me the Galleys in the
City of M1LE Tu, asthou goeſt by, before the Iſle of Samos : for fich thou commandeſt all the
Sea, we ſhall not need to fear our enemies that arein Samos. Lyſander thereto replyed, that the
Army was no more at his commandment , and that he had the charge over them : and ſo depar-
ted thence , taking his courſediretly unto PELOoPONNESUs, and lett Callicratidas in great per-
plexity : for he had brought no money out of his Countrey with him, neither could he compell
the Cities to furniſh him with any, ſeeing that they were at that time roo much troubled already,
Then had he no vther way butto go to the Lieutenants oi the King of P:Ks14 , to ask them
money, as Lyſander had done, But he was the unmeeteſt man for it that cou!d be poſſible : for he
was of a noble and liberal Natyre, and thought it leſs diſhonour and reproach unto the Gre c 1-
ANS, to beovercome by the GREC1ANS', then to go flatter the barbarous people, and ſeek to
them that had Gold and Silver enough, but otherwiſeno goodneſs nor honeſty. In the end notwith-
ſtanding, making vertue of neceſlity, he took his journey towards LyD1a, and went dire&ly to
(yrus Court : where at his firſt coming, he willed chem to let him underſtand, that (allicratidas the
Admiral of the Laczpamon1aNns would ſpeak with him. One- of the Souldiers that warded
at the gate, told him : My friend, fir ſtranger, {ras is not at leiſure now, for he is ſer at dinner, (al-
licratidgs anſwered plainly again: No force, 1 will tarry here till be have dined. The barbarous
Pe:RS1ANS hearing this, took him for ſome plain lout, and fo he went his way atthe firſt time
with a mock at their hands, Bur the ſecond time, when they would not let him come in at the
Gate, he fell in a rage, and returned back (as he came) to the City of Epix sus, curſing and ban-
ning them that at the firſt had ſo much imbaſed themſelves, as to go ſue to the barbarous people,
teaching chem to be proud and ftately for their goods and riches: ſwearing before them all char
were preſent, that ſo ſoon as he came to SPARTA again, he would do all that he could poſſible
tO pacific the GREc1ANS, and ſet them at peace one with another , to the end they might be
tearfull ro the barbarous people, and alſo that they ſhould meddle with them no more, nor need
their aid to deſtroy one another, But Callicratidas having the noble heartofa SyaRT ax, and
being to be compared in juſtice, valiancy , and greatneſs of courage, with the moſt excellenteſt
GRECIANS in his time, dyed ſhortly after ina battle by Sea, which he loſt upon the Iles ARG 1-
NUSES, Wherefore, the C onfederates of the LactzDaMoNnIans ſeeing that their ſtate was in
declining, they all rogerher ſent an Ambaſſade unto SyarT a, by which they made requeſt to the
Council, that they would ſend Lyſander again for their Admiral : promiſing that they would do
all things with better courage and good will under his conduction , then rhey would under any
., ther Caprain they could ſend them. So much did {rus atſo write untothem. Bur becauſe there
was an expreſs Law, forbidding that one man ſhould be wwice Admiral, and beſides, they bein
Willing to grant the requeſt of their Confederates, made one eAracus their Admiral , bur in et-
feet gave Ly/andey the whole authority of all things : who was marvellous welcome unto m—_
an
+1! #
COoorion' ſits 2
Countrey 1p *
7 *
_—
Ti FAC f 0-95
Callicratid s
Lz{anders (uc-
ceifor in his
Ofhce of Ad-
miralty.
Piainneſs com.
men.led for a
vertue, bur
liked as an old
image of agod
that had been
excellent fair.
The fpite of
L ſander 10
Callicratidas.
Nothing e-
itzemed with
the Barbatians
but Money.
Callic ratidas
Patielices
The death of
Callicratidass.
=_ "CAIVS MARI VP
unreaſonable banquets, and-to drink more then his years could bear, ſeeking to win ſleep by this means,
Device to win to ayoid care the better, But at the length there came one fromthe Sea, that gave him certain intelli-
licep. gence of all : and that was an increaſe of a new fear unto him, And thus he-being now extreamly trou--
bled, partly for fear of the ching to come, and partly alſo for the over heavy burden of his preſent ill,
there needed but little more aggravation, to fall into the diſeaſe whereof he died, which was a Pleuriſie:
as Ow the Philoſopher writeth , who ſaith plainly, that he went into. his Chamber when he
was fick, and ſpake unto him about matters of his Ambaſſade, for the which he came to Roms, Yer
another Hiſtoriographer Cazns Piſo writeth, that e Marius walking one day after ſupper with his
friends, fell in talk of- his fortune trom the beginning of his Life, telling them at large how often for-
tune had turned with and againſt him: concluding, that it is no wiſe mans partto truſt her any more;
So when he had done, he took his leave of them, and laid him down upon his bed, where he lay ſick
Marius the ta- ſeyen days together, and on the ſeventh day died. Some write that his ambition appeared plainly, by
thers death. . qrangeraving that took him in his head during his ſickneſs : for he thought that he made wars with
Mithridates, and ſhewed in his bed all the geftures and movings of his body, as if he had been in a bat-
tle, crying the ſame cries out aloud, which he was wont to cry when he was in the extreameſt fight.
The deſire he had to have taken this charge in hand againſt Athridates, was ſo deeply ſetled in his
mind through extream ambition and jealouſie that poſſeſt him, that being then threeſcore and ten year
old, after he had been the firſt man that ever was choſen ſeven times Conſul in Roms, and alſo after
A note againſt that he had gotten a world of goods and riches together that might have ſufficed many Kings : yet for
the ambitious. 41] this he died for ſorrow, lamenting his hard fortune, as if he had died before his time, and before thar
he had done and ended thar which he had deſired. Bur this was clean contrary unto that the wiſe Plato
{ did, when he drew near to hisdeath, For he gave God thanks for his fatal end and good fortune.Firſt, for
re p _ 5 that he had madehim a-reaſonable man, and no brute beaſt ; ſecondly, a Greek, and no barbarous man:
4 and furthermore, for that he was born in Socrates time. Itis reported atſo, that one eAntipater of
Trars1s, calling to mind a little before his death the good fortune he had in his life time, -did not for-
get among other things, to tell of the happy Navigation he made, coming from his Countrey unto A-
THENS 3; Which did witneſs that he pur upon the file of his good accounts for a ſingular great grace,
all favour fortune had ſhewed him, and that he kept it in perpetual memory, being the onely and moſt
aſſured treaſure a man can have, to keep thoſe gifts that nature or fortune do beſtow on him. But con-
trariwiſe unthankfull fools unto God and nature both, do forget with time the memory of their former
benefits, and laying upnothing, nor keeping it in perpetual memory, are always void of goods and
full of hope,gaping ſtill for things to come, arid leaving in the mean time the thing preſent, though rea-
ſon perſwades them the contrary, For fortune:may eafily let them of the thing ro come, but ſhe can=
not take that from them which 1s already paſt ; and yer they utterly forget the certain benefit of for-
tune, asa thing nothing belonging unto them, and dream always of that which is uncertain, And ſure
it chanceth to them _— reaſon ; for, having gathered outward _ together, and locking them
up before they have built and laid a ſure grounded foundation of reaſon through 6 ry Learning, they
Note, that in cannotafterwards fill nor quench their unſatiable greedy covetous mind, Thus ended Marin his Life,
Sylla's Life fol. the ſeventeenth day of his ſeventh Conſulſhip, whereof all the City of Rox was not a little glad,
lowing, ir?p- and took heart again unto them, ſuppoſing they had then been delivered from a bleody crutl tyranny.
—_— ; wy But within few tos after they knew it to their coſt, that they had changet an old aaker taken out of
ounger was The world, for a younger that came but newly to them : ſuch extream unnatural cruelties and murthers
efieged in the did Marixs the younger commit, after the death of his father Aſaris, murthering in manner all che
_ Ciry of Pre- chiefeſt noble menof Roms, At the firſt, rhey rook him for a valiant and hardy young man, where-
_ and no ypon they named him the Son of 2ar- : but ſhortly after his deeds did ſhew the contrary, and then
ak Trangia they called him the Son of 77en4s. In the end he was ſhut in, and beſieged by Sy4a, in the City of Ps-
d here, | nes þ l
| as the bg RUSIA, where he did what he could poſſible to ſave his life, but all was in vain ; and laſtly, ſeeing no
Marius mad
ambirion.
—— robe way to eſcape, the City being taken, he ſlew himſelf with his own hands,
JKEN IN
one of the lives
The end of Caius Marius Life.
THE LIFE OF
LYSANDER
Ann. Mund, Ws Ant. Chriſt.
3546. : 203.
4; N the treaſury of the AcanTHIA Ns, which is in the Temple of Apollo at De1-
PHOS,there is this inſcription : Braſidas, and the AcanTHIANS, with the
{poil of the ATHEN1ANs, That inſcription maketh many men think, that the
unage of ſtone that ſtandeth within the chamber by the door thereof, is the i-
= of Braſidas: howbeit in truth it is the lively image of Lyſander himſelf, L | :
made with a great buſh of bair, and thick long Beard after the old ancient faſhi- *'® oe.
#S 0. And where ſome ſay that the ARG1ves, after they were overcome and had
loſt a great battle, did all of them have themſelves intoken and fign of common
| forrow: and that the Laczvamon1ans on the other ſideto ſhew the joy of their Victory, did ler
all their hairs grow, that is not true, no more then this is true which other do report of the Ba c cr a-
DES: who bei fled from CorINTH unto LactDamoN, the LactD4MoNIANS found them fo
il favouredly diſguiſed and deformed, becauſe their heads were all ſhaven, that thereupon they had a -
defire to ler their hair and beards grow.For that was one of the Ordinances of Lycurgus,who ſaid, that 7.ycurgus the
the long buſh of hair maketh them that are naturally fair, the pleaſanter to look upon : and upon thoſe Authorof wear:
that are ill fayoured, more ugly and fearfull to ſee to. And furthermore, it is ſaid that Ariſtoclieus, the 73 long _
Father of Lyſander , was not of the Royal blood of the Kings of SyanT a, though he came of the Race ty of moten
of the Heraclides : and that his Son Lyſander was very meanly and poorly brought up, being as obedi- long hair.
ent to the Laws and Statutes of his Countrey,as any other man was, ſhewing himlelt always very ſtrong Lyſanders kin-
and conſtant againſt all vanity and pleaſure, ſaving onely in matters of honour and courtefie, which they _ Fey
offer unto thoſe that deſerve well, For they think it no ſhame nor diſhoneſty in Sy ar 4, that the |FEre7 0.4.
young men do ſuffer themſelves to be overcome with that delight and pleaſure:but do bring up their chil- ,;zz children.
dren, that from their youth they would havethem to have ſome taſt and feeling of honour, delighting ro
be praiſed, and ſorry to be diſcommended. For they make no account of him that is not moved with che
one nor the other, but take him to be of a baſe cowardly nature, that hath no manner of mind to do
g00d. And therefore it is to be thoughr, that the ambition and ſtoutneſs chat was bred in Lyſander,
proceeded of the Laco 1a diſcipline and education he had, and not ſo much of his own nature,
But indeed of his own nature he was 2 right Courtier, and could tel] how to entertain and Hatter great
States and Nobility, far better then the common manner of the natural Spartans: and moreover
for his private benefit, he could eaſily bear with the ſtomnels of greater men of A uthority then
himſelf, which ſome judge to be a great point of wiſdom, to know how to deal in matters of State.
Ariſtotle
Ly{anders
mannery.
> — —
in ae: iP et SO
yw—_— ——-
— — — -—— -R.-- 4
oo oo oe OY EIS OO In og re Oo
—
_- _— w— © i. 3 Foe ——— wmSe J—_
- IF , by
— Ss. ad.
eAriſtotle in a place where he ſaith, that the greateſt wits commonly are ſubje& unto Melancholy (as
Wiſe men be Socrates, Plato, and Hercules ergy wruteth, .that Lyſander his latter age fell into the Melancholy
ever melan- diſeaſe, but not in his youth. Hehadalſo gy, gilt above all other, that in his poverty he
choly. F always kept that honeſt modeſty with him, as he would never be overcome nor corrupted with
_ 5-hes Gold nor Silver : and yer he filled Re COmmeey: ih riches ang corgpulagls which loſt him the re-
F putation he had won , becayſe\himfelf nohe \.account 6b riches .nor getting. For, bring-
ins ſtore of Gold and Silver into his Countrey after he had overcome the ATHEN1ans , he
rkrved not unto himſelf one Drachma onely, And furthermore, when Dzonyſins the Tyrant
of SYRacusa had on a time ſent goodly rich Gowns out of $1c1L1a to his Daughters : he re-
fuſed them, ſaying, that he was afraid ſuch Gowns would make them fowler, Nevertheleſs, ſhort-
ly after being ſent Ambaſſador out of his Countrey to the ſame Tyrant , Dionyſius baving ſent
him two Gowns, praying him to chooſe which he would, to carry to his Daughter : he anſwered
| that ſhe her ſelf could beſt chuſe which was the fitter, and ſo carried both with him, But now to
Lyſenders come to his doings in warlike cauſes, the wars of PELoPyoNNEs$us fell out marvellous long, For
words of Di%- ter the overthrow of the Army which the ArHenians had ſent into S1c1114 , when every
Ny man thought they had utterly loft all their force by Sea, and that by all conjeRure they ſhould ſoon
after loſe all by Land alſo: eAlcibjades returning from his exile to deal again in matters of the
State, made an exceeding great change and alteration, For he ſet the ArHenians aflote again,
and made them as ſtrong by Sea as the La cxzDpamONIAN3: who thereupon began to quake for
fear, and to look eftſoons for a freſh war, perceiving that they} ſtood in need of a great power, and
Lyſender Ad- of a better Captain then ever they had before. Whereupon they made Lyſandey their Admiral, who
miral for the arriving inthe Ciry of E ez sus, found them very well affeted cowards him, and marvellous willing
Lacedemonians and ready to take the LacEDEMONIANS part : howbeit otherwiſe in very poor ſtate, and ready
Dy O08. almoſt to take up all che barbarous manners and faſhions of the PerS1A Ns, becauſe they did con-
tinually frequent them, being envyroned round about with the Countrey of LyD1 a, where the King
Lyſanderenlar of PzRSIA's Captains were ever reſident, Wherefore having planted his Camp there, -he
— hs Ciry _ thicher Merchants ſhips out of all parts, and ſet up an arſenal or ftore-houſe to build Gallies
of Epheſus. in : ſo that in ſhort ſpace, by oft recourſe of Merchants that beganto trade thither, he quickned their
Havens, and ſet up their ſtaple again for the Traffick of Merchandize, and filled every private Artificers
bouſe with an honeſt trade to make them rich by, ſo that ever after it grew in continual hope to
come unto that flouriſhing ſtate and greatneſs, in the which we ſee it at this preſent. Furthermore,
Lyſander being advertiſed that Cyrus, one of the great Kings of PzRs1Aa*s Sons, was come unto
the City of Sa RD1s, he went thither to ſpeak with him, and to complain of T:ſaphernes : who
having commandment given him from the King to aid the LaczpamoNn1ans, and to help to
expulſe the ATHENIANS, and to drive them from the ſea, ſeemed to deal but coldly and faintly
againſt them, for the favour he bare to eAlcibiades, For, in furniſhing the Laczpamonians
very ſcantly with money, he was the cauſe that all their Army by Sea went to wrack. Cyrus for his
own part was very glad thar he heard complaints of Tſapbernes, and that they ſpake againſt him:
becauſe he was an ill man, and the rather for that he had himſelf a little old grudge to him, Where-
fore he loved Lyſander marvellous well, as well for the complaints he made of T3/aphernes, as alſo for
the pleaſure he rook in his company, becauſe he was a man that could wonderfully pleaſe and delight
Noble men: by which means having won the favour of this young Prince, he did perſwade, and
alſo encourage him to follow this War. And when LZyſander' was upon his departure to take
| his leave of him, Cyrs feaſted him, and afterwards prayed him not to refuſe the offer of his libera-
lity : and that was, that he would freely ask him what he would, affuring bim he ſhould not be de-
nied any thing. Whereunto Lyſander anſwered him. Sithence T ſee (Cyrus) you are ſo willing
to pleaſure us, I beſeech you, and do alſo counſel you then to encreaſe the ordinary pay of our Mari-
ners, one half peny a day : to the end that where now they have but three half pence, they may hence-
Lyſander took forth receive two pence a day. Cyrus was glad to hear Lyſanders bounty, "and the encreaſe that
money for pxy he would make, and cauſed ten thouſand Daricks to be delivered him : by mean whereof he added to
of his ſouldiers. the ordinary pay of the Mariners, the increaſe of a half peny a'day. This liberality, within few days-
after emptied all their enemies Gallies of their men. Forthe moſt part of their Mariners and Galley-
men went where they might have the beſt pay : and ſuch as remained behind, became very dull, lazy,
and ſeditious, daily troubling their Captains and Governours. Now though Lyſander had drawn his
Egemies men from them by this policy,and had done them this great hurt, yer he durſt nor fight it
out by Sea, fearing the worthineſs of eFlcibiades , who was a valiaht man, and had greater ſtore of
ſhips chan he had , and beſides that, was never overcome by Land nor by Sea in any battle where he
was General. So it chanced that Alcibiades went out of the Iile of $a 0s unto the Ciry of Proc ta,
which ſtandeth upon firm land dire&ly over againſt Samos, and leaving the whole charge of his
Fleet in his abſence, with e Lntiochus his Pilot : he being more bardy then wiſe, in ſcorn -" , derifion
of Lyſander, went with two Galleys onely into the Haven of Ey4z$us, and went by the Arſenal
— (whereall theirſhips lay in Dock) with great noiſe and laughing. This put yyaoiey in. ſuch a heat
Lyſenders i= and chafe, that firſt of all he puta few Galleys to the Sea, and had him in chaſe with they, But af-
;hentens by ©<rwards, perceiving that the other Caprains of the ATyzN1aNs came out one after another r0 the
Sea. reſcue, he armed other Galleys alſo : ſo that ſupplying ftill with a few on either ſide, at length they
Ye came to main battle, which Zyſander wan, and having taken fifteen of their Galleys, he A up 4
token of triumph and victory, When the people of ATHEz Ns heard the news of this _—_—
/ they
Sardis a City
in Lydia.
: SANDER
373
they were ſo angry Wit «lc:biades, that they depoſed him preſently of his charge ; and the ſoul-
diers alſo that lay in Camp in the Iſle of Samos, began to miſlike him, and to ſpeak ill of him,
' Whereupon he preſently left his C amp, and went into the Countrey of CHExRONESUS in Thra-
ClA. This battle was more ſpoken of then there was cauſe, by reaſon of eAlcibiades reputation,
Furthermore, Lyſander cauſing the ſtouteſt and boldeſt men of every City, above the common ſort
ro come to EyHESus untohim : laid their ſecret foundations of great change and alteration, which
he eſtabliſhed afterwards in the governments of Cities, For he perſwaded his private friends to make
Tribes amongſt themſelves, to win them friends, and to practiſe to get the rule of their Cities in-
ro their hands : promiſing them, that ſo ſoon as the ATHten1Aans wereoverthrown, theythem-
ſelves alſo ſhould, be delivered from ſubjection of their people, and every one of them ſhould
bear chief rule in their Countrey. And this he performed to them all, and made every one of
them prove his words true ; for he preferred all them that had been his old friends, unto the beſt
offices and charges, not ſparing to do againſt all right and reaſon : ſo that they were advanced by
it, And for this cauſe every man came to take his part, and they all ſought and defired to gra-
tifie and pleaſe him : boping, rhar what: great matter ſoever fell out, they might afſure themſelves
that they ſhould obtain ir of him, when he came- to have the Government in his own hands.
And therefore they nothing rejoyced at Callicratidas coming, who came to ſucceed him in the of-
fice of the Admiral ; neither afterwards alſo; when they ſaw by experience that he was as honeſt
and juſt a man as could be. Neither did they like his manner of governing, which was plain and
without any Arr or cunning. But they commended the perfe&ion of his Vertue, as they would
have done the image of ſome demi-god made after the old faſhion, which had been of ſingular
beauty. Burt in the mean time, they withed for Lyſander, as well for the tender love and good.
will he bare to his friends and them, as alſo for the profit and commodity they got by him. $0
when Lyſander took fie Seas to return home again, all they that were in the Camp, were as ſor-
ry as could be poſſible, inſomuch as the tears ſtood in their eyes t and he on the other fide ſtudied
to make them worſe affeted unto Callicratidas. - For amongſt many other things, he ſent the reſt
of the money back again ro SARDIS , which (rs had given him to pay the Mariners : ſaying,
that (allicratidas ſhould go himſelf ro ask it, if he would have it, and find the means to en-
terrain his men, And laſtly, when he was ready to imbark , he proteſted before all them that
were preſent, that he did deliver, leave , and aflign over the Army into his hands, command-
ing all the Sea. But (Aallicratidas, to overcome his falſe ambition, and foul boaſting lie, anſwe-
red him again and ſaid ; If that be true thou ſayeſt,. comethen, and deliver me the Galleys in the
City of M1LE Tun, 'asthou goeſt by, before the Iſle of Samos : for fith thou commandeſt all the
Sea, we ſhall not need to fear our enemies that arein Samos. Lyſander thereto replyed, that the
Army was no more at his commandment, and that he -had the charge over them : and ſo depar-
ted thence , taking his courſediretly unto PEL0PONNEsSUS, and left Callicratidas in great per-
plexity : for he had; brought no money out of his Countrey with him, neither could he compell
the Cities ro furniſh him with any, ſeeing that they were at that time roo much troubled already.
Then had he no vther way but to-go to the Lieutenants ot the King of P:rs14 , to ask them
money, as Lyſander had done, But he was the unmeeteſt man for it that cou!d be poſlthle : for he
was of a noble and liberal Natyre, and thought it leſs diſhonour and reproach unto the Gree 1-
ANS, t0, be overcome by the GR Ec1AaNFv, then: to. go flatter the barbarous people, and ſeek to
them that had Gold and Silver enough, but otherwiſeno goodneſs nor honeſty. In the end notwith-
ſtanding, making verzue of neceſlity, he-took his. journey towards LyD1a, and went dire&ly to
(yrus Court : where at his firſt coming, he willed chem to let him underſtand, that {allicratidas the
Admiral of the Laczpamon1aNns would ſpeak with him. One of the Souldiers that warded
at.the gare, told him;z My friend, fir ſtranger, (rs isnot at leiſure now, for he is ſet at dinner, (Al-
licratidgs anſwered plainly again: No force, 1 will tarry. here till be have dined. The barbarous
PeRS1ANS hearing this, took him for ſome plain lout,, and ſo he went his way atthe firſt time
with a'mock at their hands, Bur the ſecond time, when they would not let him come in at the
Gate, he fell in a rage, and returned back (as he came) to the City of Eyxzsus, curſing and ban-
ning chem that at the firſt had ſo-much imbaſed themſelves, as to go ſue to the barbarous people,
teaching chem to be proud and ftately for their goods and riches: ſwearing before them all char
were. preſent, that ſo- ſoon as he came to SPaR TA again, he would do all that he could poſſible
to pacifie the GRzc1aNns, and ſet them at peace one with another , to the end they might- be
fearfull to. the barbarous people, and alſo that they ſhould meddle with them no more, nor need
their aid to deſtroy one another, But Calicratidas having the noble heartofa SPART AN, and
being to be compared in juſtice, valiancy , and greatneſs of courage, with the moſt excellenteſt
GRECIANS in histime, dyed ſhortly after ina battle by Sea, which he loſt upon the Iles ARG 1-
NUSES, Wherefore, the Confederates of the Lacz:DaMoNnIans ſeeing that their ſtate was in
declining, ithey. all together ſent an Ambaſſade unto. Sra nr a, by which they made requeſt to the
Council, that they would ſend Lyſander again for their Admiral : promiſing that they would do
all things with betrex courage and good wall under his conduction , then-rhey would under any
other ' Caprain they.eonld ſend them. So much did' {rs atſo write unto them, Bur becauſe there
as an-expreſs Law,' forbidding that one man ſhould be twice Admiral, and beſides, they _
willing to grant the\requeſt of their Confederates, made one eAracus their Admiral , bur in ef-
fect gave' Ly/ander the. whole authority of all things * who was marvellous welcome unto —_
an
Cherroneſis 4
Countrey in *
Thraci..
Callicratids
L ſanders ſuc-
ceifor in his
Otfhce of Ad.
miralry.
Plainneſs com.
mended for a
vertue, bur
liked as an old
image of agod
thar had been
excellent fair.
The (pite of
L yſander 10
Callicratidas.
Nothing e-
Iteemed with
the Barbarians
but Money.
Callicratidas
patieuces
The death of
Callicratidas.
—- _ mY
——= —_—
—_— —_—_—— -
— ——
og one ON On EO I nn
on” 2 =—— 4 ©
. i. / D
——
Cr AA
- . | —_
374. | | L'Y.S 4 NL
and ſpecially unto the heads and Rulers of Cities, which long befors! ha hed for his coming :
becauſe that by his means they hoped ro make their authority greater, and altogether to take a-
way the authority from the people. But they that loved plain dealing ; and open magnanimity
in the manners of a Governour and General, when they came to compare Lyſander with (allicra-
Lyſander crafry tidas, they found that Lyſander bad a fine ſubtil head, and did more in wars with his policy and ſub-
and deceirfull. tilty, then by any other means. And moreover that he eſteemed juſtice, when it fell out profic- |
able : and took profit, for juſtice and honeſty, not thinking that plain dealing was of better force
then craft, but meaſuring the value of the one and the other, by the profic that came our of them,
and mocking of them that aid, that the race of Hercules ſhould not make wars with craft and ſub-
tilty. For, {aid he, when the Lionsskin will not ſerve, we muſt help it with the caſe of a Fox. And
hereunto agreeth that which they write he did in the City of MiLETum., For his friends and fa-
miliars to whom he had promiled aid for deſtrution of the peoples authority, and to drive their
enemies out of the City : they having changed their minds, and being reconciled unto their ad-
verſaries, he openly made great ſhew of gladneſs , and ſeemed as though he woul@ help to a-
The wicked oree them together : but Roy being alone, be took them up ſharply, and told them that they
wn rs vg were cowards to do it, and did procure them to the contrary, to ſet upon the people, And then
dealing of Ly- When he underſtood that there was commotion among them in the Ciry , he ran thither ſud-
ſender. denly as it were to appeale ir. But when he was alſo come into the City, the firſt he met with of
them that would alter the ſtare of the Government, and take. the Authority from the people, he
fell our withall, and gave them rough words, commanding with extreamiry that they ſhould fol-
low him, as though he would have done ſome great puniſhment. And again, meeting with them
of the contrary part, he willed them: alſo that they ſhould nor be afraid, nor doubt that any man
ſhould do them hurt where he was. This was a wicked and malicious praRiſe of him, to ftay the
chiefeſt of them that were moſt affeted to the popular fa&tion, to th&gnd that afterwards he
might put them all to death, as hedid : for they that truſting to his words remained quiet in the
1 City, were all pot to death, Moreover, eAnarochidas touching this matter, hath left in writing
ar C—_ that which Ly/ander was wont to ſay : by the which it appeareth, that he made very little reckoning
jury, following t0 be perjured. For he ſaid, that children ſhould be deceived with the play of Kayles, and men
the example of with Oaths of men, following therein Polycrares the Tyrant of Samos, but without reaſon : forhe
Polyerates the was a lawfull Captain, and the other a violent uſurper. of Tyrannical power. Furthermore, it
_ of $4- was not done likeatrue Laconia, to behave himſelf rowards the gods none otherwiſe, then
oy towards men, but rather worſe, and more injurioully, For he that deceivethr his enemy, and brea-
| kerh his Oath to him, ſheweth plainly that he feareth him, but that he careth not for God. {Jrus
Cyrus liberali- therefore having ſent for Lyſander to come to SA KD15 to him, gave him money largely, and pro-
ty to £3/4nder. miſed him more : and becauſe he would 'more honourably ſhew the good will-he had to gratific
him, told bim, that if the King his Father would give him.nothing, yet he would give him of his
own. And furthermore, when all other means failed ro help him with money, that rather then
he ſhould Jack, he would melt his own chair to make money of (which he fat in when he gave
audience in matters of Juſtice) being alrogether of Gold and Silver. And co be ſhort, when he was
going into MEDIA to the King his Father, hegave Lyſander power to receive the Taxes and ordi-
nary tributes of the Cities under his Govetnment, and made him Lieutenant of all his Countrey.
And laſtly, bidding him farewell, prayed him that he*would not give battle by Sea unto the A-
THENIANS , Untill he returned from the Court : and that before his coming again, he would have
authority to levy a great number of ſhips, as well out of PkxoEtNIcia ,.as out of Citi1icia.
—_ as Wherefore whilſt {yr was in his journey , Lyſander not being able to fight with his enemies
mT with like number ot ſhips, nor alſo to lie pt do nothing with" ſo good a number of Gallies,
went and ſcoured the Seas, where he took certain Iſlands, and robbed alſo £6 1na and SALa-
MINA. From thence he went and landed on the firm Land in the Countrey of ATT1ca, and did
his duty there unto eAgs King of La cxv£M0N1A, who came purpoſely from the Fort of 'Dece-
lea to the ſea fide to ſee him, becauſe their Army by land alſo ſhould ſee what power they bad by
ſea, and how ir ruled more by ſea then they would. Nevertheleſs, being advertiſed that the
Fleet of the ATHEN1ANs followed hard after him, he took another courſe to fly back again
into As1A by the Iſles : and returning again, found all the Countrey of HELLtEs yoONT without
men of war. So helaid fiege before the Ciry of Lame $sAacus, and did aſſault it with his Gallies by
ſea : and Thorax being come thither alſo at the ſelf ſame rime in great haſt, with.his Army by land
gave the aſſault on his ſide. Thus was the Cityaken by force, which Lyſander left to the ſpoil
of the Souldiers, Now in the mean time the Fleet of the ATHzNnians (whichwas an hundred
and fourftore ſail) came to an Anchor before the City of E.zunTs, in the Countrey of Cytrro0-
NESUS : and news being. brought them that the City of Lamysacus was taken, they came
with all ſpeed poſſible unto the City of Ss pos, where getting freſh Cares and Victuals, they coa-
ſted all along the coaſt unto a certain place called the Goats River, dire&tly over againſt the Feet
of their enemies, which lay yet at Anchor before the City of Lamysacus, Nowthere was a Cap-
Philocles cinel tain of the ATHENIANS amongſt other, called Philocles, he that perſwaded the ATHENIANS
advice untothe 1G cur off the priſoners Thumbs of their right hands that were taken” in the Wars, -to the end they ,--
Athenian?. ſhould no more handle the Pike, but onely ſerve to pull the Oar. Both the one and the other
reſted that day, hoping to have battle without fail the next morning. . But Lyſander having ano-
ther meaning with him , commanded the Maſters and Mariners notwithſtanding , _—
3 ou
A wile ſaying
of Lyſander.
—
D E R.
375
ſhou
man ſhould” x
noiſe at all, attending t
ſo to be ranged in battle ray, by the Sea fide, The next morning at Sun-rifing, the ATHz x1-
ANS began to'row with all their Gallies ſet in order of battle in a front, But Lyſander, though he
had his ſhips in order to fight, the prores lying towards the enemies before day, rowed not for
all chat againſt them, bur ſending out Pinnaces unto the firſt Gallies , commanded them traight-
ly that they ſhould not ſtir at all, bur keep themſelves in order, making no noiſe, nor rowing
againſt the Enemy, Though the ATHENIANS allo were retired in the night, be would not give
the Souldiers leave ro come to land out of the Gallies, before he had ſent firſt two or three Gallies
to deſcry 'the Fleet of his Enemies : who brought him word that they had ſeen the ATHE nians
take Land. The next morning they did the like, the third day, and the fourth alſo all in one ſort ;
ſo that the ATHENIANS began to be bold of themſelves, hr ro deſpiſe their enemies, imagining
lay thus cloſe for fear of them, and durſt not come forward. In the mean time, eAlcibiades
(who lay ar that time in the Countrey of CHERRoONESUS, in certain places which he had con-
quered) came riding to the Camp of the ATHENn1aNs, to tell the Captains and Generals of
the Army, the great faults they comminted, Firſt, for that they had caft' Anchor, and kept their
ſhips in an open place, where there was no manner of ſuccour, nor harbour to retire unto upon any
ſtorm : and worſt of all, becauſe that they were to fetch their viRuals far off, at the City of Sz-
STOS, Unto which Haven they ſhould rather draw themſelves , conſidering that they had but a
little way to go, and alſo they ſhould have the City ro back them, which would furniſh them
with all things neceſſary : and beſide that, they ſhould be further off from their enemies, which
were governed by one General onely that did command them all, and were ſo well trained that
at a whiſtle chey were ready ſtraight ro execute his commandment. Mlcibiades perſwaſions
to theſe Captains . of the ATHENIANS were not onely miſliked , but furthermore there was
one called Tydexs, that anſwered him very leudly : That he had nothing to do to command the
Army, but other that had the charge of them. «4 lc:ibiades miſtruſting thereby ſometreaſon, qui-
etly went his way. The fifth day, the ATHEN1ANS having made the ſame countenance to pre-
ſent battle unto their enemies, and retiring the ſame night as of cuſtome, very negligently, and in
ill order, as men that made no reckoning of their enemies : Lyſandey ſent again certain Galliots
to deſcry them, commanding the Captains of the ſame , that when they perceived the ATHz-
NIANS had left their Gallies and taken land, they ſhould then return back with all poffible ſpeed
they could, and being midway over the ſtraights, that they ſhould lift up a Copper Targer into the
air, upon the top of a Pike in the fore-deck, for a ſign ro make all the whole fleet to row in bat-
tle. Now Lyſander himſelf in the mean time went in perſon from Galley to Galley, perſwading
and exhorting every Captain, that they ſhould put their Galliots, Mariners, and ſouldiers in good
readineſs, ro the end that when the ſign ſhould be lifted up, they ſh6uld row with all their
might in battle againſt the enemies. Wherefore, ſo ſoon as the Copper Target was ſer up inthe
air, and that Lyſander had made his Trumpet ſound out of the Admiral, for a token to hale out
into the ſea : the Gallies immediately began to row for life in eavy one of another, and the foot-
men that were upon the land, ran with ſpecd alſo to the top of a high cliff near unto the ſea,
to ſee what would be the end of the fight, becauſe the diſtance from one fide to the other in that
place was not fully two miles; which they had foon cut over, and in a little ſpace, through the
great diligence and force of rowing with their Oars. So Conor the chief Captain of the A-
THENIANS perceiving from the ſhore this great Fleet coming with a full force to aſſault chem ;
he then cryed out to the ſouldiers that they ſhould run to their ſhip, and being in a rage to ſee
things in this danger, called fome by their names, others he intreated, and the reſt he compelled
ro take their Gallies, Bur all his diligence was to no purpoſe, becauſe the ſouldiers were wholly
ſcattered here and there. For ſo ſoon as they were ſet aland out of their Gallies at their return,
' ſome went to buy proviſion, other went a walking in the Fields, ſome were ſer at Supper in their
Cabins, and other were laid down to ſleep, nothing miſtruſting that which happened to them,
through their Captains ignorance and lack of experience. Burt when the enemies were rea-
dy to joyn and fall upon them with great cries and noiſe of Oars, Conon having eight Gallies,
ſole ſecretly out of the Fleet, and flying unto Exagoras, ſaved himſelf in the Ile of Cr exus., In
the mean time, the PsL0yONNESIANS falling upon the other Gallies, rook ſome of, them
empty, and brake the others as the Souldiers began ro come aboard upon them, And as for the
men, ſome were ſlain by their ſhips as they ran unto them like naked men without weapon, and
out of order, thinking to have ſaved theniſelves : other were killed in flying, becauſe the enemies
landed and had them in chaſe. And there were taken alive of them , three thouſand priſoners
with the Captains. Lyſander moreover took all che whole Fleet of their Ships, the holy Galley
excepted, called Paralos, and the eight that fled with Conor : and after he had deſtroyed all the
Camp of the' Arysx1ans, befaſtned the Gallies that were taken, unto the Keel of his Gallies,
and returned with ſongs of triumph, with the ſound of Flutes and Hoboys, towards the City ot
LAMPSACUS, having won a great victory with little labour, and had cut off in a ſmall cime, rhe
long continuing and moſt divers war that ever was, and had brought forth fo many fun-
dry ſtrange events of fortune, as are uncredible. For there had been infinite bartles fought both
by. Sea and Land, and bad altezed many ſundry times, and there was ſlain at that time aorCopuiny
n
Ive the next morning by break of day, becauſe every
ould keep themſelves in order of battle, making no 7y/znders craft
duld command them : and further made the Army by land al- in marine 6ghr
Alcibiades
gave good ad-
vicetothe
Captains of the
Athenians,
A Copper
Target lift up,
the f1gn of bat-
tle by Sca.
Conon Admiral
of the Aiheni-
ans.
Lyſanders vis
ory of the
Athenians.
Paralos, che
holy Gally of
Athens.
bo = -- -— -
=
—_— -_ — — — — <<
=— +
mg, = Id
TD
—- T® "> ” I pe
_—- oo — = . py = A my
Au ita 5 Ac DC AMGLCL YA areremrno > pn
- = PI w_
TOC . 2c" Apes em
_— — x KS
* - -- w
2D by = 4
= wo#> + cad
. = _ _ ” - e
_ — — - e _—_ _
io 3.
._ te
LYS A
then in all the other Wars of Gzxztct together :n_ "and
determined, by the good. wiſdom and- conduction of one of FeTomne though,
that this great overthrow was given by the gods, and ſaid ; That armennys W Lyſanders Fleet
out of the Haven of LamesAacus, to go ſet upon the Fleet of the Enemues, they perceived over
The Stars of Lyſanders Galley the two fires which they call the Stars of Caſtgr and Polux-: theone on the one
: ok and Geof the Galley, and the other on the other fide, They ſay alſo, that the fall of the tone was a to-
ken, thatdid ſignifie this great overthrow. For about that time (as many hold opinion) there fell
RITES out out ofthe air a marvellous great ſtone, in the place they call the Goats River, which ſtone is. ſeen yer
w_ _ , ts unto this day, holden in great reverence by the- inhabitants of the City of CHexRoNESus. It is
Anaxagors faid alſo, that Anaxagoras did Prognofticate, that one of the bodies tied unto the vault of the Heaven,
opinion ot the ſhould be plucked; away, and ſhould fall ro the ground by a ſliding and ſhaking that ſhould happen.
- Stars, For he ſaid, that-the Stars were not in their proper place where they were firſt created, conſidering
that they were heavy bodies, and of the nature of ſtone ; howbeit that they did ſhine by refle&tion
of the fire Elementary, and had been drawn up thither by force, where they were kept by the great
violence of the circular motion. of the Element, even at the beginning of the world they had been
ſaid and let from falling down beneath, at that time when the ſeparation was made of the cold and
heavy- bodies, from the other ſubſtance of che Univerſal World. There is another opinion of certain
Whae fallins Philoſophers, where there is more likelihood then in that. For they ſay, that thoſe which we call
— falling Stars, be no fluxions nor derivations of the fire Elementary, which are put our in the air,
in a manner ſo ſoon as they be lighted : nor alſo an inflammation or combuſtion of any part of the
air, which by overmuch quantity thereof doth ſpread upwards : but they are Celeſtial bodies,
which by ſome ſlackneſs of ſtrength, or falling from the ordinary courſe of Heaven, are thrown
and caſt down here beneath, not always in any part of the earth inbabired, but more ofter abroad
in the great Ocean ſea, which is the cauſe that we do not ſee them. Notwithſtanding, eAnaxafo-
. ras words are confirmed by Damachus, who writeth in his book of Religion, that the ſpace of three-
0 wag ſcore and fifteen years together, before that this ſtone did fall, they ſaw a great lump of fire con-
mony of the | ay ; . .
fiery ſtone ſcen Linually in the air like a cloud inflamed, the which tarried not in any one place, but went and
in the Element came with divers broken removings, by the driving whereof there came out lightnings of fire that
fell in many places, and gave light in falling, as the Stars do that fall, In the end, when this great
body of fire fell m that part of the earth, the inhabitants of the Countrey, after that they were a
little boldned from their fear and wonder, came to the place to ſee what it was : and they found no
manner of ſhew or appearance of fire : but onely a very great ſtone lying upon the ground, but no-
thing in compariſon of the leaſt part of that which the compaſs of this body of fire did ſhew, if -
Another opini-. WE Way ſo name it. Sure herein, Damachus words had need of favourable hearers, But again if
on of the ſtone they be true, then he utterly confurerh their arguments , that maintain that it was a piece of a
that fell. Rock, which the force of a boiſterous wind did tear from the top of a mountain, and carried in
the air, ſo long as this*whirlwind continued: but ſo ſoon as that was down, and calm again,
the ſtone fell immediately. Neither do we ſay, that this lightning body, which: appeared ſo many
days in the Element, was very fire indeed, which comming to difſolve and to be put out, did be-
get this violent ſtorm and boiſterous wind in.the Element , that had the force to tear the ſtone
in ſunder, and to caſt it down, Nevertheleſs, this matter requireth better. diſcourſe in ſome 0-
ther Book 'then this. But now to our ſtory, When the three thouſand ATHENIANS. that were
taken priſoners at that overthrow, were condemned by the Council to be put to death : Lyſander
* Philoctes con- Calling Philocles, one of the Captains .of . the ATHentans, asked him what pain he would
fancy, Cap= Judge bim worthy of, that gave the Citizens ſo cruel and wicked Counſel. Phzlocles being nothing
rain of the A- abaſhed to ſee himſelf in that miſery, anſwered him : Accuſe not them that have no judge to hear
phenians. their cauſe ; but ſince the gods have given thee grace to be Conqueror, do with us, as we would
have done with thee, if we had overcome thee. When he had faid ſo, he went to waſh himſelf,
and then put on a fair Cloak upon him, as if he would have gone to ſome feaſt : and went luſtily
the foremoſt man to execution, leading his Countreymen the way, as T heophraſtus writeth. After
this done, Lyſander with all his Fleet went by all the Cities of the ſea coaſt, where he commanded
fo many ATHENIANS as he found, that they ſhould gerthem to ATHen s,, letting them under-
ftand that he would not pardon a man of them, but put them all to death as many as he found
out of their City. And this he did of policy to bring them all within the precinct of the walls of
ATHENS, becauſe he might ſo much the ſooner famith them for lack of victuals : for otherwiſe
they would have troubled him ſore, if they had had wherewithall ro have maintained a long ſiege.
Burt in allthe Cities as he paſſed by, if they were governed by the Authority of the People, or if
that there were any other kind of Government, he left in every one of them a LactpanoNI-
AN Captain or Governour, with a Council of ten Officers, ot them that had been before in league
and amity with him : the which he did aſwell in the Cities that had ever been confederates and friends
unto the LacEDA&mONIANS, as in them that not long before had been their enemies. So he went
failing all along the coaſts, fair and ſottly making no haſte, ſtabliſhing in mannner a general princi-
pality over all Gxzzcx. For he did not make them Officers that were the Richeſt, the Nobleſt, or
| Honefſteſt men, but ſuch as were his friends, out of thoſe Tribes which he had in every City:
_ 7 AV” and to them he gave authority to puniſh, and reward ſuch as:they liked of, .and would be preſent him-
” ſelf in perſon to help them to pur thoſe to death whom they would execnte, or otherwiſe expulte
or baniſh cheir Countrey, But this gave the GRtcians ſmell hope of good or gracious govern-
ment
$
YSANDER, 377
ment under the rule of the La c£D&xo0N1ans. Wherefore me thinks that Theopompus the Comi- Theopompur the
call, Poer doted , when he compared the Laczpamontans unto Taverners, ſaying, that they Comicall Po-
had given the GRECIANS a taſte of the ſweet Drink of Liberty , and that afterwards they had _——_ of
thingſed it with May For , the taſte they gave the Gxtcrans of their Government from the vas a
beginning, was very ſharp unto them: becauſe Lyſandey tgok the Rule arid Authority of Govetr.- hf
ment out of the Peoples hands, and gave it untoa tew of the boldeſt, and moft ſedirious men in every
Ciry. Thus having ſpent a great time in this Voyage, to make theſe alterations , he ſent news before
ro Lac EDAMON , that he was coming with two hundred Sail. He ſpake alſo with the Kings, Agit
and Pauſanias , in the Countrey of ATT1ca , perſwading himfelf chat he ſhould win the City of
ATHENS ar the firſt aſſault, Bur when he ſaw that his expeRation failed, and that the Aru x1-
ANs did valiantly reſiſt him, he returned once again with his Fleet into As14 , where he made an
end of changing and altering the manner of Government through every Ciry in equall manner , ſta-
bliſhing a Councell of ten Officers onely inevery one of them and putting every where many Ci-
tizens to death , and baniſhing many alſo. Among others, he drave all the Samta ns our of their
Countrey, and reſtored again all chem that had been baniſhed before : and the Ciry of SesT0s$
alſo, being yet in the ATHEN1AaNs hands, he took it from them. And furthermore, he would not
ſuffer the naturall SzsT1ANs to dwell there, but drave them amays and gave their City , their Hou-
ſes and Lands, unto Ship-maſters, Officers of Galleys, and Galley-llaves, that had been in the Wars
with him, Bur therein the LaczD AMO N1ANSs were againſt him, and this was the firſt thing that
they did forbid him : for they reſtored the Ss T1ANs, againſt his will, unto their Lands and Goods 8
again. Put as the GREC1ANS were very much offended, to ſee the parts Lyſander played : ſo were Fi
they all very glad again, to ſee theſe others which he afterwards did. For he reſtored the A 61x x- | by
TES again to their Lands and Houſes , who had been put from them a long time. He reſtored alſo dt
the MELIANS , and the SC10N&1ANS to their Lands again, whichthe AT#zx1ans had got-
ten from them, and drave out the ATHENIANS, Furthermore , Lyſander being advertiſed, that the
Citizens and Inhabitants of ATHzNs were pinched ſore for lack of ViRualls, he returned again , 34
and came into the Haven of P1RA : by means whereof he kept the City fo ſtraight, that he made 1)!
them yeeld upon ſuch Conditions as he himſelf would, Howbeit there are certain La czDaMoNt- The Athenicns ' 4
ANS that ſay, Lyſander wrote unto the Ephores : The'City of Atazxs is taken : and that the &- yield ap Athens 's?
phori wrote again unto him : It is well that it istaken. But this is but a tale deviſed ro make the mar- *0 Lyſender.
ter ſeem better : for indeed the capitulations which the Ephors ſent unto him, were theſe : The Lords
of the Councell of Laczpamon bave thus decreed : That ds do raze the Fortification of the Ha-
venof PiR&a : That ye do overthrow alſo the long Wall that joyneth the Haven to the City ; b her .
That ye yeeld up and redeliver all the Cities which ye do hold , and content your ſelves with your ed by the Lace-
lives and Countrey onely, This doing ye ſball have peace, ſo that ye perform our demands, That demonians to.
ye ſhall receive thoſe whuch are baniſhed : and for the number of Ships, ye ſhall diſpoſe of them 4s the Athenians,
we ſhall will you. The ATHENIANS agreed upon the Articles contained in that Bill , following
the councell of Theramenes the Son of Agron. Who when a young Orator called Cleomenes , did &
openly ask him in anger , if he were ſo bold to dare to do, or lay, any thing contrary unto that Flt
which Themsſtocles had done before time , to aſſent unto the LaczDamoNnians , that the Wall
which he built indeſpight of them , ſhould by their commandment now be razed : he anſwered him
openly again : _ man, my friend , 1 do nothing contrary to Themiſtocles doings : for like 1s
he heretotore did build the Wall , for the ſafety and benefit of all the Citizens and People that wete
in ATHENS at thattime : even ſodo we that are here now , for the ſelf-ſame cauſe pluck it down (3/18
and raze it, Andif it be true that Walls do make Cities happy , then it muſt needs follow that the A norable ſay- in by
City'of SeaRTA which never had any Walls, ould be the unfortunateſt of all other. So Lyſan- ing for the | 441-8
der having received all the ATHE N1ANs Ships but twelve, and the Walls of the City alſo to uſe Wallsof Cities 1118
«
IM.
- — - -— $—_— __ —_ mugs
> — —— —_—_—
as. oo. 6, ' Atari :
————— DE
= wy _ - -
> 5. % ur n—_ __—_—O—
= p £2 3 -
_— —_
- —_ þ-
them at bis pleaſure-: on the fixteenth day of March ( on which day in old time the Aryznians l FE
| had won the Battell by Sea , within the Straight of SaLamina , againſt the King of Pzrs51a ) At
he counſelled them ſtraight to c the form of their Governmem, The People could not brook |
| that motion , and were marvellouſly offended withall, Whereupon Lyſander ſent to declare unto | at
them , that they had broken the Articles of the Peace made between them, for that their Walls were th |
| et ſtanding, the ten daies being expired in which they had promiſed to overthrow them : and there- 1 ]
f ore that he would once again refer it to the determination of the Councell, how they ſhould be uſed, Pt |
e that had broken the Articles and Covenants of the firſt Peace. Other ſay, that immediately he refer- LO! 1 |
- red itunto the deliberation of the Councell of their Confederates, that is to ſay : whether they ſhould Ws [1
f altogether deſtroy the City , and make the Inhabitants thereof Slaves and Bondmen, or no. In this ,,,,_ —_ T4
- Councel, it is reported that there was was a THz BAN called Erianthws, whoſe opinion was, thatthey | advice a- |
e ſhould utterly raze the City , and make the Countrey a Deſart : ſo that it ſhould never after ſerve for gainit the 4-
ds other thing, but for paſturage of Beaſts. But during this diet and Councell, there was a Banque *eniens,
nt ' made, whereuntg all the Captains and chief Officers of the Army beirig bidden , there was a P#0-
- CIAN,, a Singer of Songs, that ſang the entry of the Chorxs to the Tragedy of Eleftra, made by
or the Poet Enripides , which began in this ſort :
Y : EleQra noble Dame, and Daughter to a King ,
M- Even Agamemnon, King of Greece, whoſe fas ſo wide did ring :
lfe I come now to your Court: , which lye both wide and vaſt.
BY ſpoil of Wars depopulate, —— and diſgraſt,
Ctr
378 _"LYSAN DER. M
_— Es.
The ſweet mn- £
fick ſofined perſons. Wherefore Lyſarder:
= cruel will, cauſed all e Women-pl S\ 0!
earts,and mo- 4 P. ogether w ich he had jn his, own Camp al
vedthem to
piry. the Walls and. fortifications of the City of, ATHzNs to be piled down to the very gt6ond , and
$4 a ft
Lyſander over- ſer all their Galleys on fire , and burnt them in the preſence of the Confederates of the Lac tpamo-
threw the walls x7 4 x8, who danced and played in the mean ſeaſon with Garlands of Flowers on their heads, in to-
of the City of Xo; that that day was a beginning of their full and perfe&t yen. Immedately after he chanzed alſo
Athens.
Callibius Cap-
tain of the
ayers of Pipes. or djalmes ro come obt of tlie City , atid gathered afl
7
Caſtle of 4- Called Convivium. But Autolyc us that: was cunning wreſtler, having all the Nciphits of wreſtling, ſud-
thens. denly tripped Callibixs with his leg, and lifting himup at thearms end, caſt tim to the grouti. How-
Autolyrus 8 beit Lyſander was not angry with Autolycu tor it, but reproved Call:bix, telling him that he ſhould
—_ wreſt- ave remembred ( if be had
Autolycns pur
to death,
Lyſander ſent nerall of the SY RAcus1ANs 10 S1 CILIA ) all the Gold and Silver that was [ft iri his hands, with all
Money to$p27- the Preſents beſides which had been privately given him, and with the Crowns a4lfo that had been pre-
ta by GyliPP». fented him : which were marvellous in number, as it is to be thought, for that many came to preſent him,
Gylippus rob+ *
bed part of the ſum out of every of them ; and afterwards {ewed them up again) , hot thinking rhat-rhere had been
Money he car- a border uponevery bag, upon the which was declared, the number and Kinds of Gold and Silver that
ried ro$parts. weretherein, Now when he was cometo SPART A, he hid the Money he had ſtolne under the houſe
The Greekiſh 1.4 Silver which was currant through GREE ct , wasſtamped with the mark of an Owl , by reaſon-
Coyn was
marked with
an Owl. ſhamefull and vile a deed, was baniſhed ouc of his Countrey of LactpamONn1a. Br. the wileſt
Gylippus ba- men of SpART 4, and of deepeſt judgement,fearing the power of Gold and Silver, and ſeeing by proof
niſhment. <F Gylippms doings, that it had ſuch power to make one of their chiefeſt men fall through coverouſneſs ;
Covetouſneſs
of Money cor- they \Breaty blamed Ly/ander for bringing of it into LactxDAmoN, beſeeching the Ephors that they
rupted Gylip- WOU
Lacedemon.
The Iron Mo-
ney of Laceds-
monia, ceive into the City of SPARTA, any oye by Gold or Silver : but ſhould onely content themſelves
fr what time 1d held hard with him, it was decreed'in the Councell, that the Money ſhould remain in he City,
the Lacedamo-
nians received and ordained that it ſhould be curtant onely but for the affairs of the Commonwealth, And if ir
Gold and Sil- were found, that any private man did either lock up, or keep any Money, that he ſhould ſuffer
ver again,
Theill life of
the Magi-
ſtrates, the ſeeing it ſo commonly eſteemed and deſired, Butwe are rather to think , that private mens manners
cauſe of diſor- are confirmed according to the common uſes and cuſtoms of Cities, then that the faults and vices
derin a Com- of private men do fill' Cities and Conimonyeals 'with ill qualities. . Ard it is more likely,
monwealth,
ainſt it,
then
YSAN DER.
then that the parts corrupted ſhould draw the whole to corruption, For to the contrary , the faults of
a part deſtroyed , which might be prejudiciall unto the whole , are often times redrefſed and corre&ed
by the other parts , whole and entire. But they that took this reſotution in their Councell at that
time , ts have Money in the Commonwealth , made fear of puniſhment , and of the Law, to be the
outward watchmen of Citizens houſes , to keep that no Money ſhould: come into them. But all this
while they made no inward proviſion, to keep the entry of their ſouls from all paſſion and greedy de-
ſires of Money : bur to the contrary , they made them all to have a covetous defire to be rich, as
if-it were a great and honourable thing, Bur for that we have heretofore in other places reproved the
LACEDA&AMONIANS, - And moreover Lyſander cauſed a Statue of Braſs to be made like himſelf of
the ſpoil he had gotten of the Enemies , to ſet it up in the Ciry of Det ynos , and for every private
Captain of the Galleys in like caſe, and the rwo Stars of Caſtor and Polux in Gold beſides , which
vaniſhed away a little before the Battel] of LeucTREs : and no man knew what became of them, A-
S4in, in the Chamber of the Treaſury of Braſidas, and of the Aca nTHIA Ns, there was alſo 1 Galley
made of Gold and Ivory, of two cubits long, which Cyr ſent unto him after the Victory he had won
by Sea of the ATHENIANS, Andfurthermore , - Alexandrides the Hiſtoriographer born at Ds L-
PHOS, Writeth , that the ſelf-ſame Lyſander had left there to be kept ſafe, a Talent of Silver, two and
fifry Mina's, and eleven pieces of Gold called Stateres, Bur all this accordeth not with that which all the
other Hiſtoriographers write, agreeing of his poverty, But Lyſander being aloft then, and of greater
power then ever any GREC1AN was betore him,carried a greater port and countenance then became his
ability. For as Dars writeth, he was the firſt of the GRE c1 a Ns unto whom they did ever ere any
Altars, and offer Sacrifice unto as a god , and ig honour of whom they did firſt fing any Hymnes :
and at this day there is yer good memory of one which began inthiis manner :;
The noble Captains praiſe , we mean to celebrate
Of Greece : that Land which ss divine in every kind of ſtate :
Even he which was both born, and brought to high renown ,
Within the noble wealthy walls of Sparta ſtately Town,
The SAM1ANs by publick Decree ordained, that the Feaſts of Juno, which were called in their Ciry
Hercea, ſhould be called Lyſandria. Lyſander had ever one Cherilus a SpART 4 N Poet about him, to
write and ſct forth all his doings in verſe, Another Poet called Antilochus, one day made certain Ver-
ſes in his praiſe ; which plealed him ſo well , that he gave him his har full of Silver. There were two
other Poets, Antimachus COLOPHONIAN, and 2 zceratus born at HERAcLEa, which did both
write Verſes to honour him, ſtriving whether of them ſhould do beft. Lyſander judged the Crown
and Victory unto Niceratus : wherewith Antimachus was ſo angry, that he razed out all that he had
written of him, But Plato who at that time was young, and loved Antimachys becauſe he was an ex-
cellent Poet , did comfort him , and told him that ignorance did blind the underſtanding of the igno-
rant , as blindneſs doth the fight of the blind. Ar:iftonus an excellent Player of the Cithern, and
one that had fix times wan the Prizes of the Pythian Games : to win Lyſanders favour , promiſed
him , that if ever he wan the prize of his Art again , he would cauſe himſelf ro be proclaimed Ly-
ſanders ſlave. This ambition of Lyſander was very odious and grievous , onely unto great perſons,
and men of hiseſtare : bur beſides his ambition, in the end he became very proud and cruell , through
the flarteries of his followers, and them that courted him : ſo that he exceeded in recompencing his
friends , as alſo in puniſhing of his enemies. For, to gratifie his triends and familiars, he gave thera ab-
ſolute power and authority of life and death in their Towns and Cities : and to pacife and appeaſe his
anger where he once bak , there was no other way but death, withour all poſlibilicy of pardon. And
that he plainly ſhewed afterwards in the City of M1LzTum, where, fearing leaſt they would flie that
rook part with the People, and becauſe he would have them appear that hid themſelves : he gave
his word, and ſware that he would do them no hurt at all. The poor men gave credit to his word :
but ſo ſoon as they came out and did appear, he deliveved them all into the hands of their adverſa-
ries, ( which were the chiefeſt of the Nobility ) ro pur them all to death : and they were no lels then
eight hundred men one with another, He cauſed great murders of People alſo to be done in other
| Cities z-for he did not onely put them to death that had privately offended him , bur numbers be-
lides , onely to ſatisfie and revenge the private quarrels, enmities and covetouſnels of his friends,
whom he had in evety place, And therefore was Ereocles LACEDAMO NIAN greatly commended
for his ſaying : That Gxetcx could not abide two Lyſanders. Theophraſtus writerh alſo , that the
very like was ſpoken of Alcibiades by Archeſtratus. Howbeit in eAlcibrades there was nothing but
his inſolency and vain-glory that men miſliked : bur in Lyſander, a ſevere nature, and ſharp con-
ditions, that made his power feartull and intolerable; Nevertheleſs, the LaczDamonians
paſſed over all other complaints exhibited againſt him , ſaving when they heard the complaints of
Pharnabaz.us , who” purpoſely ſent Ambefodour unto them , ro complain of the wrongs and in-
juries Lyſander hatl done him, ſpoyling and deſtroying the Countrey under his Government : then
the Eptors being offended witty him , clapped up Thorax in priſon , one of his friends and Cap-
tains that had ſerved under him : and finding that he had both Gold and Silver in his Houfe con-
trary to the Law , put bimto death. And to himſelf they fent immediately that which they call
Scytala, ( as who would ſay, the ſcroll written upon a round ſtaff) commanding him that he
ſhould return immediately upon receipt thereof. The Scytala is in this fort : When the Ephor;
do ſend a Generall, or an Admirall to the Wars , they cauſe two little round ſtaves to be made of
the like bigneſs and length, of which the Ephors do keep the one, and the other they give to =_
| Kk 2 whom
A Gailey of
Gold and Iyo-
I,
Lyſanders ho-
nours and pride
Plato's ſaying
of the ignorant
Ignorance
compared with
blindneſs.
Lyſanders ame
dition, pride,
and cruelty,
Lyſander brake
his word and
oath, and pro=
cured the death
of eighr hun-
dred People.
E rocles words
of Lyſander.
Thorzx put to
death for of-
fending the
Law.
— EW _
— YE IRE ED WER
+ Sa _— I = k
_ 21 = ——————
— —_
—_ EY S he. ,
i r 4 - -
- R _— ” Je
= bd ” G—_ =
wy — I. PIE > = = 2 _-
Y——_—G—_—— ww—— er m—_— re og
%
380
LYSAN DER.
The Laconian
Scytala what
manner thing
it is, and how
uſed.
Lyſander carri-
eth Lercers a-
gaiaſt himſelf,
Lyſander goes
to Papiter Ame
mon.
| King Pauſani-
45 reconciled
the Athenians
Withthe $par-
rans.
whom they ſend to the Wars. Theſe two little ſtaves they call Scytales. Now when they will adver-
tiſe their Generall ſecretly of matters of importance, they take a'ſcro]} of parchment, long and narrow
like a leather thong, and wreath it about the round ſtaff, leaving no void ſpace between the borders of
the ſcroll. Afterwards when they have bound them faſt together, then they write upon the Parchmens
thus rolled what they will, and when they have done writing, unfold it and fend it to their Generall,who
cannotelſe poſſibly read it to know what is wrixten (| becaule the letters are not joyned together , nor
follow in order, but are ſcattered here and there ) untill he take his little roll of wood which was given
him at his departure : and then yrreathing the ſcroll of parchment about it which he receiveth, the told-
ing and wreaths of the parchment falling juſt into the ſelf-fame place as they were firſt folded, the let-
ters alſo come to joyn one with another, as they ought ro do. This little ſcroll of parchment alſo is
called as the roll of wood, Scytala, evenas we commonly ſee in many places, that the thing meaſured,
is alſo called by the name of the meaſure. When this parchment ſcroll was brought unto Lyſander, who
was then in the Countrey of HELLEs PowvT , he was marvellouſly troubled withall, fearing above
all other things, the accuſations of Pharnabazas : lo he ſought means to ſpeak with him before he de-
parted, hoping thereby to make his peace with him, When they were together, Lyſanger prayed him
he would write another Letter unto the Lords of SeparTta, contrary to his firſt, how that he had
donehimno hurt at all , and that he had no cauſe to complain of him : but he did not remember that
he was a CRETAN (as the common Proverb faith ) that could deceive another CRxeTan, For
Pharnabaz.us baving promiſed him that he would pertorm his deſire, wrote a Letter openly, purpor-
ting the effet of Lyſanders requeſt ; bur behind he had another of contrary effe& , ſo like on the
outſide unto the other , that by fight no man could diſcern the one from the other. And when he
came to put to his Seal , he changed the firſt with the laſt that was hidden , and gave it him. When
Lyſander came unto SPARTA , he went as the manner is, ſtraight to the Palace where the Senate
kept, and gave his Letters unto the Ephores, thinking that by them he ſhould have been cleared from
all danger of the greateſt accuſations they could have burdened him withall : becauſe that Pharnaba-
245 Was very well thought on of the Lords of Laczpamon1a, for that he did ever ſhew hiniſelf
willing and ready to help them in all their Wars, more then any other of the Kings Lieutenants
of PERS1a4, The Ephor having read this Letter, they ſhewed it unto him, Then did Lyſander
plainly ſee, that the common Proverb wastrue :
That Ulyſles was not ſubtill alone.
Thereupon he went home to his houſe marvelloully troubled : but within few daies after returning to
the Palace again to ſpeak with the Lords of the Councell , he cold them that he muſt needs make a voy-
age unto the Temple of Jupiter Ammon, to dilcharge certain Sacrifices, which he had vowed and pro-
miſed to him before he had won the Battells. Some ſay, that indeed Zupirer Ammon appeared to him
in a dream as he did beſiege the City of the AriyT&1aNs , in the Countrey of Thracta, and
that by his commandment he raiſed the Siege , and charged them of the City, that they ſhould thank
Jupiter Ammon, and do Sacrifice unto him : by reaſon whereof they think that he meant good faith,
when he ſued for licenſe to make this Voyage into Ly 814 , to perform the vows which he had made.
Butthe moſt part did certainly beleeve , that he made ſuit ro go this journey , for a cloak and colour
onely to abſent kimſelf, becauſe he feared the Ephores, and that he could not indure the yoke andſub-
jection which he muſt abide remaining at home, neither could like to be commanded, And this was the
true cauſe of his ſuit ro go this voyage : much like unto a Horſe taken out of a freſh Paſture and goodly
Meadows, to bring him into a ſtable, and make him to be journeyed as he was before. Nevertheleſs,
Ephorus writeth another cauſe , the which I will recite hereafter, In the end, Lyſander having hardly
obtained licenſe , rook Ship and hoiſed Sail : but during his abſence, the Kings of Lactpsmon
remembring that he kept all the Cities. at his commandment , by means of the friends he had in every
Ciry , whom he had made chief Governours of the ſame , and that by their means he came in man-
ner to be abſolute Prince over all GREECE, they took upon them to redeliver the Government of
the Towns and Cities again into the hands of the People, and alſo ro pur down his friends whom
he had ftabliſhed there. And hereupon fell out great inſurrection again : for firſt of all, they that
were baniſhed from ATHENS, having ſurpriſed and taken the Caſtle of Phyla , upon the ſudden did
ſet upon the thirty Governours Tyrants ( whom Lyſander had placed there ) and overcame them in
Battell, Whereupon Lyſander ſtraight returned ro SyART a, and perſwaded the LaczDamont-
ANS to refer the Government to the number of a few, and to puniſh the inſolency of the People.. So
by his procurement , they ſent firſt an hundred Talents unto the thirry Tyrants for an aid to maintain
this War, and appointed Lyſander himſelf Generall. Bur the two Kings of SepaRTA envying
him , and fearing left he ſhould take the City of ATHENS again, they determined that one of them
would go. Whereupon Pauſanias went thither immediately, who in appearance ſeemed to maintain
the Tyrants againſt the People : bur in effe&t , he did his endeavour to appeaſe this War , for fear
leſt Lyſander by means of his friends and followers ſhould once again come to have the City of A-
THENS in his power, the which he might eaſily do, And thus having agreed the ATHznans
again one with another , and pacified all tation and commotion among them , he plucked up the
root of Lyſanders ambition. But ſhortly after the AT4zNnians rebelling again againſt the La-
CEDAMONIANS, Pauſanias himſelf was reproved , becauſe he yeelded ſo much to the bold-
neſs and inſolency of the People, which were bridled and reſtrained before, by the Authority
of the ſmall number of the Governours : and to the contrary , they gave Lyſander the honour to
be Generall, who ruled not in this rebellion to pleaſe mens minds and to content them , neither with
fond oftentation of glory, bur ſeverely , for the profit and commodity of SearTA. Ir is true, 1
woul
SANDER;
381
would give great words , and was terrible to them that refifted him, As he anſwered the Axc1vys s
one day , who contended for their Confines with the La c£D&AMONIANS , and ſeerhed to alledge
—
Lyſanders ter-
the beſt reaſons. Even they (ſaid he) that ſhall prove the ſtronger hereby ( ſhewing them his Sword ) rible words,
ſhall be they that ſhall plead their cauſe beſt for their confines. Another time, when a MEG ar1avN
had told his mind boldly enough in open Councell, he anſwered him : Thy words ( good triend ) had
need of a City , meaning thereby that he was of too mean a Town to uſe ſo great words, And
tothe BOzOTIANS alſo, who were in doubt to profels themſelves friends or enemies : he ſent un-
to them, to know if he ſhould paſsthrough their Countrey with his Pikes upwards or downwards,
And when the COR1NTHIANS alſo were revolted from their alliance, he brought his Army hard
unto their walls : but when he ſaw his men were afraid , and made courtefie whether they ſhould go
to the aſſault or not : by chance ſpying a Hare coming out of the Town-ditches, he ſaid unto them :
Are ye not aſhamed to be afraid to go and aſſault your Enemies, that are fo cowardly and ſlothfwll,
that Hares do keep their forms at caſe within the circuit of rheir walls > Now King Ag being de-
ceaſed , he left behind him his Brother Ageſ#/aus , and his ſuppoſed Son Leorychides, Wherefore
Lyſanaer that had loved Ageſilaws atoretime , gave him councell to ſtand for the right of the Crown,
as lawfull heir and next of the bloud', deſcending of the race of Hercules : becanle it was ſuſpeted
that Leorychides was Alcibiades Son , who ſecretly had kept Timea Agis Wife, at what time he was
baniſhed out of his Countrey , and came then to remain in SPARTA, And Ag {elf alſo, conclu-
ding by reckoning of the time of his abſence , that his Wife could not be with child by him, made
no reckoning of Leotychides : ( and had openly ſhewed it all the reſt of his life time ) that he did not
acknowledge him for his Son, untill ſuch time as falling fick of that diſeaſe whereof he died , he
was carried to the City of HEREa : and there lying in his death bed, at the humble ſuit of Leoty-
chides himſelf, and partly at the inſtant requeſt of his friends , who were importunate with him , he
did acknowledge Leotychides for his Son in the preſence of divers , whom be prayed to be witneſſes
unto the Lords of LaczDamon , of his acceptation and acknowledging of him to be his Son :
which they all did in favour of Leotychides. For all that , Ageſilaus took it upon bim , by the ſup-
port and maintenance of Lyſanders favour. Howbeit, Dzopsrhes a wiſe man, and known to be skilfull
in ancient Prophecies , did great hurt to Apeſilaws fide, by an ancient Oracle which healledged againſt
a defe&t Ageſilans had , which was his lameneſs :
O Spartan People you, which bear high haughty hearts,
And look aloft : take heed I ſay, look welt unto your Marts :
Leſt whiles you ſtand upright, and guide your State by grace, .
Some halting Kingdom pruvily come creeping #n apace.
By that means might you move, great troubles, cark. and care,
eA'nd miſchiefs heap upon yowr head, before you be aware :
. And plunged ſhould you be, even over head and ears,
With waſte of Wars , which bere on Earth doth periſh many Peers.
Many by occafiori of this Gracle, fell to take Leorychides part : but Zyſander declared unto
that 'Diopithes did not conſtrue the meaning of the Oracle well. For God,faid he,cared not whether he
halted of one leg or no, that ſhould come to be King of Lactzpanox : but indeed , the Crown and
Kingdom ſhould hat and be lame, if baſtards not lawfully begorten,ſhould come to reign over the true
naturall iſſue and right line of Hercules. By theſe perſwaſions, L y/ander with his great countenance
and authority beſides,wan all men to his opinion : ſo that Ageſilaws by this means, was proclaimed King
of LactzDamon, This done, Lyſander began ſtraight to counſel] him to make Wars in As1 a, put-
ting himin hope that he ſhonld deſtroy the Kingdom of Pers14, and ſhould come to be the great-
eſt man of the world. Moreover, he wrote unto his friends in the Cities of As 1 4, that they ſhould ſend
The death *
King Aerts
Lyſander depr.-
veth Leotychi-
des of his
Kingdom.
Through Ly-
ſanders work-
unto the La cED&MONIANS to require King Ageſilaws for their Generall , to make wars againſt the ing, Ageftlaus
batbarous People. Which they did, and ſent Ambaſfadours purpoſely unto Sy arr a to ſue that they 35 Pace King
might have him : che which was no leſs honour procured unto Ageſilaus by Lyſanders means , then
that he did , in making him to be choſen King. But men ambitious by nature, being otherwiſe not un-
apt nor unfic to command, have this imperfection: that through the jealouſie of glory,they do common-
ly envy their equals, the which doth greatly hinder them from _ any notable thing. For, they take
them for their enemies , envying their vertue , whoſe ſervice means might help them to great
matters, Thus Ageſilaus being choſen Generall of this Enterprize , took Lyſander with him in this
Journey, among the thirty Counſellors which were given unto him to aſfiſt him : and made ſpeciall
choice of him , as by whole councell he hoped moſt to be governed , and to haye him neareſt about
him ,”and his chiefeſt friend. Bur when they were arrivedin AS14 , they of the Countrey having
no acquaintatice with Ageſilaxs, ſeldome ſpake with him , or bur little : and to the contrary , ha-
ving known Lyſander of long time , they followed him, and waited upon him to his Tent or Lod-
ging , ſome” ro honour him , becauſe they were his friends ; others for fear , becauſe they did milſ-
truſt” him. Even much like as it fafeth out oftentimes in the Theaters , when they play Tragedies
there, that he that ſhall ptay che perſon of ſome Meſſenger or Servant , ſhall be the beft Player,
and ſhall have'the” beſt voyce to be heard above all others : and to the contrary , that he which
hath the Royall' Band' about his head , and the Scepter in his hand , a man doth ſcant hear him
ſpeak, Even fo it felf out then : for all the Dignity due unto him that commanded all , was ſhew-
ed onely ro the Councellors : and there remained to the King no more, but the Royall Name one-
ly of a King, without any Power,” Therefore methinks that this undiſcreet and importunate
"WS 9 | ambition
Ambition abi-
deth no equall,
232 LYSAND®
ambition of Lyſander , did well deſerve reproof , even to make him to be contented onely with the
ſecond place ot honour next unto the King. But tor Ageſilays again , through extream covetouſ-
neſs and jealouſie of glory , to caſt Lyſander alrogether off, and to {et ſo light by his friend and
Benefator , that ſurely became not him neither. - For firſt of all, Ageſilaus never gave Lyſandey oc-
caſion to do any thing, neither did commit any matter of weight unto him, chat might be honourable
for him : but which is worſt of all, if he perceived that he had raken any mens cauſes in hand, and that
he did favourthem , he did alwaies ſend them back again into their Countrey, denying their ſuit,
Aeefiteurpein without that they could obtain any thing they ſued for , leſs then the meaneſft perſons that could
grudge to Ry have come , extinguiſhing Lyſanders credit by little and little, and raking from him all authority by
ſander. this means, Wherefore , Lyſander perceiving how he was thus refuſed and rejeted in all things,
ſeeing that the countenance and favour which he thought ro ſhew unto his friends , fell out hurttull
unto them : left off ro ſolicire their matrers any more, and prayed them to forbear to come unto
Lyſanders wiſ- him , or to follow him , but to go to the King, and unto thoſe that could do them better pleaſure then
_ himſelf, and ſpecially thoſe that honoured him, When they heard that, many defiſted to trouble
him any more in matters of importance, bur not to do him all the honour they could , and continued
ſtill to accompany him, when he went out to walk, or otherwiſe to exerciſe himſelf : the which did
aggravate and increaſe Ageſilaus anger more againſt him , for the envy he bare unto his glory. And
ey SUur- where he gave very honourable charge and commiſſion in the Wars, oftentimes unto very mean
Viauals the Souldiers to execute, or Cities to govern : he appointed Lyſander Surveyer generall of all the or-
Lyſanders talk dinary Proviſion of ViRtuals, and diftributer of fleſh, And then mocking the Ion1aNs that did
with King 4- honour him ſo much : Let them go now, ſaid he, and honour my fleſh-diſtributer, Wherefore Ly-
geſulausatter [,9gey ſeeing it high time to ſpeak, went unto Ageſilaus, and rold him in few words after the La-
105 ang wa cONIAN manner : Truly Ageſilas , thou haft learned well to abaſe thy friends. Indeed , ſaid he
haking. again, ſohavel, when em will be greater then my felt : and to the contrary , they that maintain
and increaſe my Honour and Authority, it is reaſon that I eſteem of them, Yea marry, ſaid Ly-
ſander , but perhaps I have not done as thou ſayeſt , yetI pray thee give me ſuch an Office, as I ma
© beleaſt hated, and moſt profitable for thee : though it be bur in reſpe& of ſtrangers eyes that look
upon us both. After this talk between them , Ageſilaus ſent him his Lieutenant into the Countrey of
HELLEsS PONT , where Lyſander ſtill kept this anger ſecret in his heart againſt him, but or all that,
did not leave to do all that he could for the benefit of his Maſters affairs. As amongſt many other
things , he cauſed a PRs 1AN Captain called Spithridates , to rebell againſt his Maſter , who was a
valiant man of his hands, and a great Enemy of Pharnabazxs, and had an Army alſo, which he
brought with him unto Apeſilav;. Now concerning this War , this was all that he did in that Jour-
Lyſanderſeck- ney, Wherefore he returned again to SPARTA not long after , with: little honour , being marvel-
> ET louſy grieved and offended with Ageſtlaxs , and hating more then before , all the State and Govern-
Sparta. ment of the City of SPARTA : by reaſon whereof ; hedetermined to put that in ptaCtice , which he
had long time thought upon concerning the alteration of Government , and his enterprize was this :
Amoneſt the off-ſpring and Iſſue of Hercules , who were mingled withthe Dokians, and retur-
ned again into the Ceuntry of PELoPONNEsus , the greateſt number and chiefeſt of them, dwel-
led in the City of SPART a : howbeit all they that came of that race had, no right of ſucceſſion to
' theCrown, ſaving two Families onely , the Ewrytiontides, and the Agiades, The other Families,
O__—_ albeit they were all for nobility of bloud deſcended out of one ſelf-houſe , yer had they no more right
Ticedome? Nor intereſt unto the Realm, then the reſidue of the People : for the Dignities that were atrained
unto by vertue, were given unto the Inhabitants thar could deſerve them. Lyſander then being one
of thoſe which was deſcended of the true race of Hercules , who notwithſtanding had no intereſt in
the Crown : when he ſaw himſelf aloft , and called to great honour through his famous acts and
merits , and that he had won many friends, and great credit and authoriry by dealing ia matters of
the State : it grieved him much , to ſee that they which were no nobler them himſelf , ſhould be Kings
it that City which he had increaſed by his vertue , and that he could not have ſo much power as to take
from theſe two Houſes , the Exrytrontides and the Agiades , the R——_— that the Kings ſhould
be choſen onely out of one of theſe two Houſes, and to caft it upon the off-ſpring of Hercules. Some
fay again, that he would not onely have enlarged that Prerogative unto the Iſſue of Hercules, but unto
all the'naturall SpaxTANs alſo ; 'becauſe that ZZercules race ſhould not onely deſire this reward of
honour , but even they alſo that followed his ſteps in vertue , which had made him equall with the gods
in honour. For he doubted not , bur if they would diſpoſe the Crown in this ſort , that there was no
man in the City of Sear a thar ſhould ſooner be choſen King then, himſelf ; whereupon he attem- .
pred firſt to perſwade his Cirizens by very good reaſons, and to bring this about the better , he conned
an Oration without Book , penned by Cleon Halicarnaſſeus, made him for this purpoſe. But after-
wards weighing with himſelf, that ſo great and ſtrange a change as he would bring in , had need of
ſome better and ſtronger help : he began to frame a device, as they ſay , to move.the People by , much
after the manner they uſe in Tragedies, framing enginesto bring ſome god ro;come down from-Hea-
Lyſander dey: VEN unto them , and this was his feigned invention. He deviſed certain Oracles and Prophecies, thin-
ſech falſe Ora- King that all Cleons rhetorick would ſtand him in no ſtead , if firſt of all he did not fill the Citizens
cles, and cor- .. hearts with ſome ſuperſtition and fear of thegods, that he might bring them afterwards more eaſ1|
rupteth Sooth- ynro reaſon. 'And Ephorns faith, that he proved firft to corrupt the Nun with Money , that givet
oy th all the Oracles and Anſwers in the Temple of Apollo at DEL e4Os : and that afterwards, he would
| have won the Nun alſo at the Temple of Dopoxs with Money, by Pherecles practice, And _
c
YSAN DER.
—— ———— IS
-
he being rejeRted by them both, went laſtly unto the Temple of Jupiter Ammon : and that there he
ſpake unto the Prieſts, and offered them great ſtore of Money for the ſame purpoſe, Bur they were ſo
offended with Lyſander, that they ſent men of purpoſe to SparTA,, to accuſe him, that he would
have corrupted them with Money. The Councell clearing Lyſandey ot this accuſation, the Ly #14 Ns
his accuſers ar their departing ſaid : We will one day judge more juſtly, then you my Lords of La c z-
DEMON have done now, when you ſhall come to dwell in our Countrey of Ly 81a : ſuppoſing there
was an ancient Prophecy that ſaid , the LaczDamoN1AaNns one day ſhould come to dwell in the
Countrey of Ly 814. But we ſhall do better to write the whole Story ar large of this praiſe , ſub-
rilry, and malicious device , which was no matter of {mall importance, nor lightly grounded : but as
in a Mathematicall Propoſution, there were many great conjectures and is, and many
long circumſtances to bring it to concluſion, the which I will dilate from point to point, deliverin
that which an Hiſtoriographer and Philoſopher both hath written, There was in the Marches of the
Realm of PoxT, a woman that ſaid , ſhe was gotten with child by Apolio, the which many ( as it is
to be thought) would not beleeve at all, and many alſo did beleeve it : ſo that ſhe being delivered of a
goodly Son , divers Noblemen and of great eſtate were carefull ro bring him up', and to have him
raughr. This child I know not whereupon, nor how, was named Szlenus : and Lyſander fetching the
" plot of his device from thence, added to all the reſt of himſelf, ro go on with his pratice, Now he
had many ( and they no ſmall men ) that made his way to frame this jeſt , giving out a rumour of the
birth of this child, without any ſuſpicion gathered our of the intent of this rumour. And furthermore,
they brought other news from DEL eHos , which they diſperſed abroad through the City of Sp an-
TA, to wit, that the Prieſts of the Temple kept ſecret books of very ancient Oracles, which they them-
ſelves durſt not touch nor handle, neither might any man read them , unleſs he were begotten of the
ſeed of eApollo, who ſhould come after a long time , and make his birth appear unto the Prieſts that
kept theſe Papers, andthat by ſome ſecret markand token, which they bad amongſt them : and thereby
being known for Apollo's Son, he might then take the Books and read the ancient & evelations
and Prophecies of the ſame. Theſe things prepared in this ſort, there was order taken , that Silenys
ſhould come and ask for theſe Books, as though he were the Son of «Apollo + and that the Prieſts
which were privy to this praQtice , ſhould make as though they did diligently examine him of ever
thing , and how he was born, And that at the length, atter they had ſeemed to know all, they ſhould
deliver theſe Prophecies unto him, as if he had been indeed Apollo's Son : and that he ſhould openly
read them in the preſence of many witneſſes, And among the reſt of the Prophecies : that he ſhould
read that ſpecially , for the which this long paltry feigned drift was framed, touching the Kingdom
of LACED&AMONIA : that it was better, and meetlier for the SPARTANS they ſhould chooſe them
for their Kings , whom they found the meeteſt men of all their Magiſtrates. Burt when S:lenxs was
come to full age , and brought into GREECE of purpoſe to perform this practice, all the myſtery
was marred by the faint heart of one of the agent and companions of Lyſander , who holp him to
countenance this device ; who when the matter ſhould have raken effect, ſhrunk for fear , and let the
myſtery alone. This notwithſtanding, nothing was betrayed in Lyſanders life time, till after his death,
For he died before King Ageſ#laus returned out of As14 , being fallen into Wars with BozOT1A
before his death, or rather having himſelf made GREECE to fall into Wars. They do report it
either way ; and ſome lay the fault upon him, other upon the THe BA xs, and other upon them both:
and they burthen the ThzBANs withall, becauſe they did utterly overthrow che common Sacrifices
which Ageſilaxs made in the Ciry of AutL1iDt. And they ſay alio, that Androclides and Amphithe-
«s did raile this War among the GREC1ANS , being before corrupted with Money by the King of
PERS1A, tO bring Wars upon the Lac ED&AMONIANS in GREECE : and began to invade and
deſtroy the Countrey of the PHoct1aNs., Other ſay , that Lyſander was very angry with the THz-
BANS, becauſe they onely of all other their confederates, did ask the tenth part of all the ſpoil which
was won in the War againſt the ATHENIANS : and that they were not pleaſed that Lyſander
had ſent the Money away unto SPARTA. But above all , Lyſander did malice them moſt , becauſe
they were the firſt that made way for the ATHEN1ANs to be delivered from the oppreſſion of thir-
ty Tyrants, whom he had ſtablithed Governours in ATHENS, andin whoſe favour ( ra make them to
be dreaded the more) the LacxD&amoNIaNs had ordained by a common Edie, that they that
were baniſhed , and did flee from ATHeNs , might lawfully be taken and apprehended in whar place
ſvever they fled unto , and that whoſoever ſhould reſiſt or lert them to do it , they ſhould be proclai-
med Rebels, and open Enemies unto the LactD&amoNIAaNSs. Again, to contrary this Edict, the
THE BANS made another very like, and rmeet for the glorious deeds of Bacchus and Hercules their
Anceſtors, for whom it was made : that every Houſe and City through the Countrey of Bozo0T1a ,
ſhould be open for the ATHEN1ANS that would come thither ; and that he thar would not help a
baniſhed man from ATHeNs, againſt him that would take him away by force, ſhould be fined and
amerced at a talent. And alſo it there were any Souldiers that went unto ATHENS, through the
Countrey of BozxoT1Aa, thatthe THEzA Ns ſhould not ſee nor hear ir, This was no diſlimulati-
on to ſpeak of, that they ſhould ordain things with ſo gentle words , and ſo meet for the People of
GREECE, and then that the deeds ſhould not anſwer unto their Edits and Proclamations. For
Thraſybxlus , and his fellows of the Conſpiracy, who kept the Caftle of Phyla , they departed from
TazzEs, with Armour and Money, and the THE zaNs did help them to begin and practice their
enterpriſe ſo ſecretly, that it was not Covered. Theſe were the cauſes why Zy/andertwas ſo earneſtly
bent againſt the ThzBANS, and hischoler being ſo extream, by reaſon ot his melancholineſs that
grew
Lyſanders
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to poſſeſs the
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The Wars of
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beginning of
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184 " LYSANDED®
grew daily upon him more and more through his age , he ſolicited the ErHOREs ſo, that he perſwa-
Lyſanders Jour. ded them to ſend a Garriſon thither : and himſelf raking the charge of them, undertook the Journey
ney unto Bee- ſtraight with his men, But afterwards they ſent King Pauſanias alſo with an Armythither , who was
w_ to fetch a great compaſs about to enter into the Countrey of BotzoT1a, by Mount Citheron : and
Citheron Mons. Lyſander ſhould go ro meet him through the Countrey of P#ocivpts , with a great Company of
; Souldiers beſides. Now as Lyſander went, he took the City of the OxcHomenians, who wil-
lingly yeelded themſelves to him as ſoon as he came thither. From thence he went to the City of
LE BAD1A, which he ſpoyled : and from thence he wrote unto King Pauſanias , that departing from
PLATZESs, he ſhould march directly ro the City of AL1arTE, where he ſhould not fail ro meet
him the next morning by break of day at the Town Walls, Theſe Letters were intercepted by cer-
rain Scouts of the THEBA NS, who met. with the Mefſenger that carried them. Thus the Txt zans
having intelligence of their purpoſe , left their City in cuſtody unto the ATHEn1ans who were
come to aid them , and departed out of THE BEs about midnight, and marched all night with great
ſpeed , that they came to ALIARTE in the morning a little betore Lyſander , and put half their men
into the City. Now for Lyſander, he was determined at the firſt to keep his men upon a hill which is
near to the City, and thereto tarry the coming of King Paxſanias. But afterwards when he ſaw that
the day was far ſpent , and that he came not , he could tarry no longer , but arming himſelf, atter he
had made an Oration unto the Confederates which he had brought with him , he marched on with his
men in Battell ray, longer then large , by the high way that went unto the City. In the mean ſeaſon,
| the THE BANS that were leit without the City, leaving 'AL1ARTE on the left hand, did ſet upon Ly-
Ciſſuſa Fons. ſanders Rereward of his Army againſt the Fountain called C:ſuſa : where the Poets feign that the
Nurſes of Bacchws did waſh him , when he came out of his Mothers womb, becauſe the water that
cometh out of it ( though it be very clear and ſweet to drink ) hath notwithſtanding: (1 cannot tell
by what means ) a colour like wine : and not far from thence there grow great-plenty of Styrap-trees,
The which the ALIARTI1ANS do alledge, to prove that Radamanthu heretofore dwelt in that part,
and do ſhew his Sepulcher there yet to this day, which they call Alea, And hard by that alſo, there
is the Monument of 4lcmena, which was buried ( as they fay ) inthat place, and was married to Rada-
#t:anthus, after the death of Amphirryon. But the THE ans who were within the City with the A-
LIARTIANS, ftirred not untill they ſaw that Lyſander with the firſt of his Troup was near unto
Lyſander flain the Town Walls : and then opening the Gates on the ſudden , they made a Salley out upon Lyſander,
by the Thabans , 1 few him with his Soothſayer and a few other , becauſe the moſt part of the Vaward fled into the
ſtrength of the Battell, Howbeit the THEBANS gave them not over ſo , but followed them ſo vali-
antly , that they brake their order, and made them all flie through the Mountains, after they had flain
three thouſand of them in the, Field : ſo were there three hundred Th: ans alſoſlain there, who
followed their Enemies ſo fiercely,till they recovered _ narrow waies, of great ſtrength for thers,
Theſe three hundred were in manner all choſe that were ſ{uſpe&ted in THE Bs to favour the Lack-
DEAMONIANS ſecretly : wherefore, for the defire they had to take away this opinion from their Ci-
tizens, they hazarded themſelves to ne purpoſe ; and were caſt away in this chaſe. King Þ auſanias
heard news of this overthrow, going from PLat&xs unto THESPIEs , and went on further , mar-
ching ſtill in Battell ray towards ALIARTE , where Thbraſybxlws alſo arrived at the ſelf-ſame time,
bringing the aid of the ATHEN1AaNs from ThiBEs. And when Payſanias was purpoſed to ſend
to ask licenſe of the Enemies to take away the bodies of their men which they had lain , to the intent
to bury them : the old SparTANs thatwere in his Army, — it much, at the firſt were angry
in themſelves, Bur afterwards they went unto the King himſelf, to tell him that he diſhonoured Sy ax-
To 25k leave TA, to offer to take up Lyſanders body by his Enemies leave and favour , and that he ſhould valiantly
of the Enemy recover him by force of Arms, and honourably bury him, after that he bad overcome their Enemies :
ro bury the qr elſeif it were their fortune to be overthrown, that yet it ſhould be more honourable for therh to
=>» gg lie dead in the Field by their Captain, then to ask leave to take up his body. But-notwithſtandingall
curable. F
theſe words of the old men, King Panſarias ſeeing that it was a hard matter to overcome the'TH E-
' BANS in Battell, now that they had gotten the ViRtory, and furthermore, that the body of Lyſander
lay hard by the walls of AL14RT E, and that he could not come to take it away withour great danger,
although they ſhould win the Batrell : he ſent a Herauld to the Enemies, and having made truce
for certain daies, he led his Army away, and took up Lyſanders body with him, and buried him after
they were out of the confines of Boz0'T 14, within the Territory of the Pa nNOpE1ANS : where
untill this day his Tomb remaineth upon the high way, going from Dt 1 y1os unto the City of CHz-
Lyſanders RONEA, 1 hus Pauſanias Camp being lodged there, it is ſaid there was a PHOCIAN, who repor-
Tomb. ting the Battell unto one that was not there, ſaid that the Enemies came to give a Charge upon them,
as Lyſander had paſſed the Oplites. The other wondring at that, there was a SPARTAN a very
friend of Lyſanders by, having heard all their talk, asked him what that was which he called Oplites :
for that he had not heard that word named before. What ? anſwered the PHoc1a N to him agan,
Even there it was where the Enemies did overthrow the firſt of our men which were lain in the Fields :
for the River that runneth by the walls of the City , is called 'Oplites. The SyarT an hearing thai,
Oplites fl, burſt out inweeping for ſorrow, ſaying : Then I ſee it is unpoflible for a man toavoid his deſtiny. For
Deſtiny inevi- 7.y/anger aforetime bad an Oracle that told him thus : WIN
table. : Lyſander,takg good heed, come not I'thee adviſe,
N ear Oplites that Rivers banks, in any kznd of wiſe.
N or near the Dragon he, which « the Earth her Son,
Who at the length will thee aſſault, and on thy back, will run. How-
A—— ND EY
TTSANDER, © 285
Howbeit ſome take it "Waris River of Oplites is not that which paſſerh by the Walls of Attarr et 3
but it is the River that runneth near unto. the City. of CHozrRoNEta, and falleth into the River of PÞliarue ff.
Phliarus, hard by the City ; arid they ſay that in old time it was called Hoplia, but now they callic Iſo. 994, 7oman-
mantus, He that flew Zyſander , was an ALIARTIAN called Neochorxs , who carried a Dragon da flew
painted upon his Target : and this was that which the Qracle of likelihood did fignifie. They ſay Ly/ander.
alſo, that in the time of the Wars of Pzxz0rpoNNEsus,; the ThEBANS had an Oracle from the
Temple of Apollo Iſmenias : which Oracle did grophelic the Battell which they wan , by the Caftle
of DEL1un, and the Battell.of AL4g7Ts alſo; which was thirty years after that. The effe& of
that Oracle was this : þ a
When thou thy nets ſhale ſpracd, the wabyes for to intrap ,
Ofokinee Teen near we 4 littly hill by bap,
0
or
Ofichalide. Noninegr v6 any hu confines :
ther the crafty foxes keep, their dens and privy mines. _
He caljerþ;zhe Territory that is about De 11uz , the uttermoſt c y becauſe Bo#&71 4a doth Orchalid: Mons
confing þ6xw yh the Copmeey of Arr 164, andthe bill Orchalids which is now cate Alopecon
( to.ſay ; \the Fox en _) which lieth on chat ſide of the City of AL3aRrTz , that Jooketh towards
Mauns Helicon. Zafavder being (lain ,thit Sear 4 5 took his death fo ill, that would have Helicon Mons.
King Pauſaxia of Treaſon by Law : who dur} pot abide the trial, bur unta the City Pauſanias exile
42, where he' ended the reſt of\fing lif mu ney af the Tempte- of Afinerys.
When Hhfpder wasdeaf, his poverty a ne wil » which made his Verve far mare fa-
mous , yen when hg lived. For when aw 1 for all the Gold and Silver which alled Lyſandcys clean
through his hands; for all hjs great Authority and countenance that he hag carried that Þandsand pos
-
ſo many Cities and Towns did come 50 honour him: ; and briefly, for all that he had Ba 3 and 1e97 commer
puifſant a Kingdom iq mannerin his hands: yet he did never inrich nor increafe his Houſe with ſo CRIE
much as one ns. 8-2 writeth Thegpopipus , wham we mould rar believe when he praiſeth,
then when he diſcommenderh :; for cutie he Gkerh moxe delight ro dilpraiſe , thento praiſe any,
It fortuned not long after , as £phorgs writeth , that the LacxpamONIans and their Confede-
rates fell at variance together , whereupan £x/« were to be ſeen that were in his Houſe,
King Ageſilaxs going thither to peruſe them, amongſt other Writings , found the Oration penned by Frm
Cleon Halicarnaſſens , which Lyſander bad prepared to perſwade the Sy art ANSs: to change their _ tor.alcering
Government , and to declare unto them that they ſhould revoke the Prerogative which the Ewrytion- - hep King-
tides and the Agiades had : thatthe Kings of SearT A could not be choſen bur out of thoſe two Fa-
milies, and to leave the Prerogative at liberty, that the chiefeſt Magiſtrates might be lawfully choſen
Kings of SparRTA. Ageſilaus ſtood indifterent to have ſhewed: this Qration openly 50 the People, Lacratides wil.
that the SyarRTANS might ſee what manner a Citizen Lyſander had been in his heart, But Lq- Yom, forbear-
cratidas, 2 grave wile man, and Preſident at that time of the Councell of the 'Ephors , would not fuf- 'ng _ ſhew
fer him : ſaying, that he ſhould not dig Lyſander out of his grave again, but rather bury his Oratzan GC
with him, chat was ſo paſlingly well and eloquently penned to perſwade, ' Yet notwithſtanding , they Lyſander ho-
did him great honour after his death ; amongſt others, condemned two Citizens in a great ſum of noured by the
Money , that were made fure to two of his Daughters while he lived, and refuſed to marry them wh —_—
he was dead, ſecing their Father died ſo poor :' becauſe they ſought ro match in his Houſe , ſuppo Yin vor 4
he had been rich, aud forſook them afterwards for their Fathers poverty, when they ſaw he died a good life, late marri-
and juſt man. Thus we ſee, that at SyART a there was a puniſhment for them that diq nor marry, or age , and ill
that married too late , or that married ill : and unto this puniſhment yrere they moſt ſubjeR that ſought marriage, pu-
great Matches for covetouſneſs of Goods, This is all we have to write of Lyſanders Life ang Acts, niſhed by the
Lacedemonian.
The end of the Life of Lydander.
"
— > ———_—
"RY < VERS 26
_—
es La nn Laos 2 Dad ea —_ ” a 4 -
* a_—_— 2——— —_—
. Do
- —— <a
_ =
— 9 — — _————__—_——
—_—
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$ylz"s kinred.
S$;lla's honeſty
reproved , by
means of his
great wealth.
$ylla” ature.
That is, be-
cauſe that Syl
© > | in Latine fig-
nifies oker,
which beco-
meth red when
It is putto the
fice, and there-
fore Syllacens
color in virtu-
via, hgnifierh
pur ple colour,
THE LIFE OF
$TLL 4
ab
/
>
eAnn. Mund. Ant. Chriſt,
3860. 88.
DUcins Cornelius Sylla was of the race of the Patricians, who be the Noble-
ED men and Gentlemen of Rome : and there was one of his Anceſtors called Ru-
\ finus, that obtained the Dignity of Conſull, He notwithſtanding his Conſul-
Tz ſhip, -wan more diſhonour by defame, then he obtained honour by Dignity of
Sz Conſull. - For they finding in his houſe above ten pounds worth of Plate, con-
S535 trary to the Law at that time expreſly forbidding it , he was expulſed the Senate,
| & and loſt his place there, after which diſhonour once received, his Ifſue never roſe,
whH> R2S==e nor yet recovered it. And Sy{a himſelf had very little left him by his Father ;
ſo that in his youth he was fainto hire another mans houſe, and fate at a ſmall rent, as afterwards he
was twitted in the teeth withall , when they ſaw him richer then they thought he had deſerved. For
when he gloried and boaſted of the V.iRory at his return from the Wars of Arricx , there was a
Nobleman that ſaid unto bim : Why , how is it poſlible thou ſhouldeſt be an honeft man , that hav-
ing nothing left thee by thy Father , thou art now come to have ſo much ? Now , though Rome had
lett her ancient juſtice and pureneſs of life , wherewith the brought up her People in former times, and
that their hearts were poyſoned with covetous defire of vain ſuperfluous delights : yet notwithſtand-
ing it was a foul reproach to them that did not maintain themſelves in the poverty of their Fathers , as
unto them that did conſume their Patrimony, and bring all to naught which their Parents had left them.
But afterwards alſo when he carried the whole ſway mRomt, and that he had put.ſo many men to
death : a Freeman being born of the Slaves infranchiſed , and being ready to be thrown.down the rock
Tarpeian , becauſe he had ſaved and hidden one of the outlaws and men proclaimed robe put to death
whereſoever they were found , caſt it in Sylla's teeth , how that they had lived and dwelt together a
long time in one ſelf-houſe, he having payed a thouſand Nummo's for the rent of the uppermoſt rooms
of the ſame houſe, and Sy//a.three thouſand for all the neathermoſt rooms, So that berween both their
wealths, there was bur onely two thouſand and fifty Drachma's of Ar x sx s difference, And this is that
we find in writing of his firſt wealth. As for his ſtature and perſon, that appeareth ſufficiently by the
Statues and Images that were made for him which yet remain, Eut for his eyes, they were like fire, and
wonderfull red : and the colour of his face withall, made them the more tearfull ro behold, For he
was copper-noſed, and that was full of white ſtreaks here and there : whereupon they ſay that the
Surname of Sy{{a was given him , by reaſon of his colour. And there was a Jeſter at ATHsNs that
finely mocked him in his Verſe:
Sylla t like a black: berry ſprinkled with meal. |
It is not amis to ſearch our the naturall diſpoſition of this man by ſuch outward marks and tokens.
It is faid alſo , that he was fo naturally given to mock and jeſt, that being a young man unknown ,
he would never be out of the company of Players , Fools, and Tumblers, but ſtill cating and tip-
ling with them in diffolute manner, And afterwards alſo when he was in his chiefeſt Authority , he
would
_—
5 7LL 4 $7
would comme by ext eG Bic with the moſt impudent jeſters and ſcofters, and-all ſuch rake-hells,
and. made profeſtion of counterfeir mixth, and would: irive with the badgeſt of them to-give the tineſt $3/7's ſco*-
mocks ; wherein he did not onely a thing,uacomely for his years , and diſhonoured the Majeſty of his ts,
Office and Dignity , but thereby alſo grew. careleſs and negligent .in matters of great importance!,
whereunto he ſhould have taken good regard. For after; he, was onet fer.ar Dis Table, he was not to
be moved any more-if matters. of weight, Now, though from the Table:Ire was commonly found
both very active, painfull, and ſevere yet falling wo ſych company , by, drinking , bowling, and ma-
king good cheer, he ſuddenly became another. manner of man, So that; withour all compaſs of mo«
defty and judgement , he wastoo familiar and converſant. with players, jeſters, tumblers, and dancers +
who when they had -him. in chat vein , taight do what they, would wich him; : Of this tiowng came ( in 5,7 rolup-""
mine opinion ) his vice of lechery , whereunto he was greatly given,, and eaſily draws afttr love and mwouinets. |
pleaſure, in ſuch ſort, as his gray hairs: could nor reſtrain his voluptuots life, His unlawtull luſting
love began in his young years , wh one _Afetrobixy a-common player , which ſtretched on increaſing
his amorous deſire untyl his latter age. For ai the firſt be loved 2\ zcopelss a rich Cugtizen 3 and fre-
quenting her company by oft accels, beſide thar he ſpent che prime of his beauty and youth in feaſt-
ing her with grear delight and paſling pleaſure, ſhe afterwards became in love with him , ſo:that when
ſhe died, ſhe made Syl@ her Heir of all ſhe had. He was Heir alſo unto his Mother-in-law ; who
loved hita as her own begotten Son ; and by theſe two good haps he was ſtept up to prery wealth.
Afterwards being choſen Quazſtor ( to ſay Treaſurer ) the firſt time that Aſaris was Confull, he im-
barked with him in. his Journey into AFRLCK , to war with King Zagarth, When be was arri-
ved at che Camp , he ſhewed himſelf a man of great ſervice in all orhex things ; but in this eſpeci-
ally , that he could wiſely uſe the benefit of any occaſion- offered him, and thereby wan Bocchws
King of, the NUMiD1ANs to be his faſt and fairhfull friend : whoſe- Ambafſadours, that fcaped
from a company. of -NuN1DIAN thieyes, be courteoully entertained ,, and baying given them |
goodly.Preſents, fent; them back again with a ſafe Convoy, Now concerning King Bocchzs , be had The cauſe of
of long time both hated and feared King fugarth bis Son-in-law : inſomnych , that .gfter he was over- Sooeh ” ys
come in.Battell , and came to him for ſugcour , Bocchas praQtiſed Treaſon againſt him, and for this *? eV *
caule ſent ſecretly for,Sy{z, deſiring rather that 7«gwr:b ſhould be taken by Sys, then by himſelf.
Sylla brake this matter unto eAſarzs, of whom having received a [mall nymber of Souldiers to ac-
company him {( withoyt xeſpe& of perilt or danger ) went. and commired himſelf to the faith and
fidelity of one barbaxous King , to take-another : conſidering alſo that the King whom he trufted,
was ſo unjuſt of his word , even unto his neareſt friends and contederates. Now Boccbus having Zu-
gurth and Sylla both in his power, and brought himlelt to that pitch , that of neceſlicy he muſt berray
the one or the other : after he had taken good bxeath to reſolve which of the two he ſhould deal
withall, in the end went on with his firſt plot and device of Treaſon, and fo delivered Jagurth into
Sylla's hands. Indeed Afarins triumphed fortaking of King Zugurrb - but his evil willers , for the Fugurtheelive.
ſpight and grudge they bare him , dif attribute the glory and honour of 7«garths taking wholly unto #4 unto Sylls
Sylla. Thar ſecretly went to A4arins heart, and ſpecially for that Sylz being high minded by nature —_— "_
( coming then but newly from a baſe, obſcure, and unknown lite, to be known and well accepted of The honour of
the People of Rowz, and to taſte alſo what honour meant ) became ſo ambitious and covetous of Fugurths ra-
glory , that he cauſed the ſtory to be; graven ina Ring, which he did ever after uſe to wear and ſeal king aſcribed
withall ; wherein King Jxgurth was delivered of Bacchus unto Sylla, and Sylla allo receiving Fugurth 959 ha:
Priſoner.. Theſe things miſliked Afarixs much ; but notwithſtanding , judging that Sy{la was not fo
much envyed as himſelf, he rook him with him unto the Wars, Aſarixs in his ſecond Conſulſhip,
made Sy#4 one of his Lieutenants : and in his third Conſulſhip, he had charge under him of a thou-
ſand Footmen , and did many norable and profitable exploits for him, When Fy{s was his Lieute- ,,y,, noble
nant , he took one Copsllus , a Generall of the Gaurs TeRoſages. And when he was Colonell deeds under
of a thouſand Foottnen , he ſo wrought the Mars1Aaxs (a populous Nation of ITaLy ) that Marius.
he perſwaded them to remain good friends and confederates of the Roma NS. For this his good
ſervice, he found that Aſarins grew in great miſliking with him, becauſe from thenceforth he ne-
ver gave him any honourable charge , or occaſion to ſhew good ſervice : but to the contrary , did
what he could to binder his riſing. Wherefore, Sylla afterwards took Catulnus Luttatins part ,
who was companion with at :s in.his Conſulſhip. This Catzlzs was a very honeſt man, bur
ſomewhat ſlack and cold in Martiall matters, which was the cauſe that indeed he did commit unto
$ylla all the ſpeciall ſervice and matters of weight in his charge: whereupon he gave him occaſion
not onely to increaſe his eſtimation, bur alſo his credit and power. For by force of Arms, he con- 9's doings
quered the moſt part of the barbarous People which inhabited the Mountains of the Alpes : and 924t £45,
( atulus Camp lacking ViRtuals, having Commillion , he made a marvellous great quantity of
Proviſion to be brought thither , infomuch as Catulus Camp being plencifully victualled , they ſent
their ſtore and ſurpluſage unto Marixs Souldiers, the which $y//a himſelf writeth, did much miſ-
like Marins,. And this is the firſt cauſe of their enmity. The which being grounded upon fo light The 6:9 aur
occaſion , was followed with Civill Wars , great effuſion of bloud., and with incurable ta&iogs and of enmity be-
difſentions , that it ended at the length with a cruell. tyranny ; and confuſion of 'all the R oma N twix: $yllz and
" State and Empire. This doth prove that Earipides the Poer was a wile man , and one that fore- is.
ſaw the ruines of Commonweals , when be counſelled, and alfo. .commanded Governours to flie , __.
ambition, as a moſt peſtilent and morrall fury unto them that are once infected withall. Now $ylla pwr
thinking that the Reputation he had gotten already inthe Wars, would have made his way open mortal fury,
ro
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Sylla choſen
o
co prefer him to ſome honourable Office in the City of ROMs : he wa hofoofter retufr i from the
Wars , but he would needs prove the Peoples good wills .unto him, and procured his name to be
billed them that ſued for the Prztorſhip of the Ciry (that is to ſay ) the Office of the ordinary
udge that miniftreth Juftice unto the Citizens : but he was rejeRted by the voyce of the People. For
the which he'laid the fault upon the meaner ſort , ſaying, that the Commonalty knew well enough the
friendſhip he had with King Bocchx, and that theretore oping that if he were made A£dilis
before he came to be Pretor , he would make them ſee noble ings and great fightings of wild
Beafts of Ly 814 : and that therefore they did chooſe other Przrofs, and put him by his ſuit , in
hope to compell him by this means to be firft of all Adilis, Howbeit it ſeemeth that he doth nor
confeſs the truth of his refuſall ; for his own -a& doth condemn himſelf ; becauſe the next year
following he was choſen Prztor., partly for that he wan the People with courteſie, and partly with
Money. So he falling out with Ceſar upon that occaſion , in his anger threatned him that he would
uſe the Power and Authority of his Office upon him. But Ceſar ſmiling, anſwered him, Thou haſt
reaſon to call it thine Office, for indeed it is thine , becauſe thou haſt bought ir. Bur after the time
of his Prztorſhip was expired , he was ſent wittian Army into Ca yp aDOc14a, colouring his Voy-
age thither with Commiſſion to reſtore Ariobarzanes into his Kingdom again : howbeit the onely
cauſe of his Journey was indeed to ſuppreſs King AMithridates a little , who rook too many things
in band, and.increaſed his Power and Dominion with a new Signiory of no lefs greatneſs then thar
which he had before, In truth he brought no great Army out of ITALY with him , but he was faith-
fully holpen by the Confederates of the Romans ig every 'place, through whoſe aid he over-
threw a number of the Ca ey PADOCIANS, and afterwards alſo a great number of the Ar t-
NIANS, Which came in like caſe to aid them : fo that he expulſed Gordzzs King of PHry G14 out
| of CayeaDocia, and reſtored Ariobarzanes to his Realm again. After which ViRory , Syl4
Orobaqus Am-
bafſadour from
che King of
the Parthians
varo Sylle,
$ylla accuſed
of Extortion,
Civil Warg
Timotheus A-
thenian would
not_attribute
the glory of his
doings to For-
tune.
Sylla gave For-
rune the ho-
nonr of all his
cgings,
remained by the River of Euphrates, and thicher came unto him one Orobazus a PARTH IAN, Ambaſ-
ſadour of Arſaces King of the PARTHIAaNs. Now theſe two Nations, the Romans and the
PARTHIANS were never friends before 7 and that with other things ſhewed the great good fortune
Syla had , that the PaxTH1AaNs came firſt to him by his means to ſeek friendſhip with the Ro
MANS, They fay , that receiving this Ambaſſadour Orobazas, he made three Chairs to be brought
out, the one for King Ariob arzanes, the other for Orobazxs the Ambaſſadour, and the third for him-
ſelf, which he placed in the midſt berween them both , and fitting down in the ſame, gave audi-
ence unto the Ambaſſadour : for which cauſe the King of PaxTH14 afterwards put Orobazys to
death, Some do commend Sy{a for this at , for that he kept his State in ſuch Majeſty among the
barbarous People. Other do reprove his ambition in it, ſhewing himſelf Rtately out of time, and
to no purpoſe, We do read that a Soothſayer of CHarDEa being in Grobazas Train , having
diligently viewed and conſidered the phyſiognomy of Sy{a , and all his other movings and geftures
of mind and body , to judge not by the climate of the Countrey , but according to the rules of his
Art, what his nature ſhould be : all well conſidered of , he ſaid that Sy{4a one day muſt needs come
to be a great man , and that he marvelled how he could ſuffer it , that he was not even then the chie-
feſt man of the World, When Sy4a was returned again to Rome , one Cenſorinxs accuſed him of
Extortion , that he had carried away a great ſum of Money with him , contrary to the 'Law , out
of one of their Confederates Countrey : howbeit he proſecuted not his accuſation , but gave it over,
In the mean time the enmity begun berwixt him and Afarizs, kindled again upon a new occaſion
of King Bocchus ambition : who partly to creep further into the Peoples favour of Roz, and
partly alſo for to gratifie Syla, gave and dedicated certain Images of Vitory, carrying tokens of
Triumph unto the Temple of Jupiter (aprrolin , and next unto them alſo the I of 7ugurth,
which he delivered into the hands of Sy/a, being all of pure Gold. This did ſo Marins, that
he attempted to take them away by force : but others did defend the cauſe of Sylla, So that for the
quarrel] of theſe two, the City of Roms taking Arms , had like to have brought all to ruine :
had not the Wars of the Confederates of ITary been , which of long time did kindle and ſmoke,
but at the length brake out into open flame and edition for that time, In this marvellous 'great
War which fell out very dangerous, by ſundry misfortunes and great loſſes to the Romans ,
eMarixs did no notable exploit : whereby it appeareth , that the vertue of warlike Diſcipline hath
need of a ſtrong , luſty , and able body. For $ylla to the contrary , having done e ſervice,
and obtained many profitable ViRories, wan the fame and eſtimation the Romans,
of a noble Souldier , and worthy Captain : and among the Enemies themſelves , of a moſt fortu-
nate man. Notwithſtanding , Sy/ls did not. as Timotheus ATHENIAN , the Son of Conon had
done :; who , when his adverſaries and ill willers did attribute his noble deeds unto the favour of
Fortune, and did paint Fortune in Tables, that brought him all the Cities raken-and ſnared in nets
whileft he ſlept , he took it in very ill part , and was marvellous angry with them that did it ,
ſaying, that they robbed him of the glory that juſtly belonged unto him. Wherefore one day
this Timorhens was returned from the Wars with great ViRories, aftes he had openly
acquainted the ATHENIANS with the whole diſcourſe of his doings in his Voyage, be faid
unto them : My Lords of Aryzns, Fortune hath had no part in all this which I have told
unto you, Hereupon the gods , it ſhould ſeem, were ſo angry with this fooliſh ambition of T5-
mothens , that he never afterwards did any worthy thing, but all weot utterly againſt the hair
with him : untill at the length he came to be ſo hated of the People, that in the end they bani-
ſhed him from ATHENS, But Sy/ls to the contrary, did not onely patiently abide their _
thas
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that Taid , be wasa happy man , and ſingularly beloved of Fortune : bur alſo increaſing this 0-
pinion , and glorying as at a ſpeciall grace of the gods, did attribute the Honour of his doings
unto Fortune, eithgr for a vain glory , or for that he had in fancy , that the gods did pro-
(per him in all his Joings. For be wrote himſelf in his Commentaries , that the enterpriſes
which he hazarded moſt hotly according to the ſudden occaſion offered , did benter proſper
with him, then thoſe which by good advice he had determined of. Furthermore , When he
ſaid that he was better born unto Fortune , then to the Wars : it ſeemeth that he confeſ-
ſed all his proſperity came rather by Fortune , then by his worthineſs. And to conclude, it
appeareth that he did wholly ſubmit himſelf unto Fortune , acknowledging that he did altogether
depend upon her : conſidering that he did attribute it to the ſpeciall grace and favour of the gods,
that he never diſagreed with Aerellu his Father in Law , who was a man of like Dignity and
Authority as himſelf was. For where it was thought he would have been a great hinderer of his
doings, he found him very courteous and gentle in his behalf, in all that they had todeal in to-
ether by reaſon of the ſociety oi their Office, And furthermore, in his Commentaries which he de-
, unto Zucl1s , he counſeiled him to think nothing more certain and afſured,chen that which
the gods ſhould reveal unto him , and command him in his nights Dream, He writerh alſo, that Sylli's belief
when he was ſent with an Army unto the Wars of the confederates, the Earth ſuddenly opened in Drezms.
about LAVERNA , out of the which immediately came a marvellous bright flame of Fire tha:
aſcended up to the tlement. The Wiſe men being asked their Opinions about the ſame , made A ſtrange Gghr
anſwer , that a very honeſt man , and alſo a marvellous fair man of complexion taking ſoveraign Pearce ro
Authority in his hands , ſhould pacifie all tumults and {editions which were at that time in Ko E.
Whereupon $y/la ſaid it was himſelf whom the gods meant, becauſe that amongſt other things
he had the ſingular gift of beauty , that his hair was as yellow as Gold : and he was not aſha-
med to name himſelf an honeſt man, after he had won ſo many notable great ViRories. Thus
have we ſufficiently ſpoken of the cruſt he had in the favour of the gods. And Furthermore he ſce-
med to be very contrary in his manners , and unlike to himſelf, For if he took away much in one
place, he gave as much more alſo in another. Some he preferred without cauſe : and others he
put down without reaſon. He would be = gentle unto them of whom he would have ought : 5yl« firange of
ſtand much upon his Honour , and look for great conditions.
and unto thoſe that ſought of him , he woul
reverence, Whereby men could hardly diſcern his nature, whether pride or flattery did more
abound in him. And as for the inequality he uſed in puniſhing of them that had offended him :
ſometimes he hanged up men for very ſmall and light cauſes: ſome other times again to the con-
trary , he patiently abode the moſt grievous offences in the world , and lightly pardoned and forgave
ſuch faults as were in no wiſe to be forgiven : and afterwards again would puniſh right Pal
crimes, with murthers , effuſion of bloud , and confiſcation of goods. This judgement may be
given of him: that by nature he had a malicious and a revenging mind : yer notwithſtanding he
qualified that naturall bitrerneis with reaſon , giving place to neceſſity , and his benefic. For in
this War of the confederates , his Souldiers flew Alb5n« one of his Licutenants , beating him
to death with Staves and Stones, being a man of goodly quality , and one that had been Prztor.
This great offence he paſſed over with, fence ; uſing no manner of puniſhment, and turned it to a
boaſt in the end, ſaying that his men were the more obedient and diligent in any piece of ſervice that
was to be done, and that he made them amend their faults by worthy ſervice, And furthermote,he did
not regard them that did reprove him : but having determined with himſelf ro deſtroy Aſarire ,
and to procure that he might be choſen Generall in che Wars againſt King Aithridates , becauſe
that this War of the - contederates was now ended : for this cauſe he flattered and curried favour
with his Souldiers that ſerved under him. At his return to Roms from theſe Wars of the con- Sylla choſen
federates, he was choſen Conſull with 9. Pompeu , being then = years old and married with Conſul.
Biſhop of Rome , for which Metellus chief
marriage the common People ſang ſongs and Ballads up and down Rom againſt him : and many of Biſhop of
Rome a mar-
the Noble men envyed him for it , thinking him unworthy of ſo Noble a Lady , whom they thought ,;.;
Ceciliaa Noble Lady , and Metellus Daughter , who wasthen chie
worthy to be Conlull as 7irzs Liviws ſaith. Now ſhe was not his onely Wite,tor he had a youngWife
before called 71;a,by whom be had a Daughter. After he had married «/#;a,then a third called Celia, 5,17; Wives,
whom he put away becauſe ſhe brought him no Children. But notwithſtanding ſhe went honourably
away from him, with very good words of her , beſides many other goodly rich Gifts he gave her :
howbeit ſhortly after he married Mexella , which made the world ſuſpect that Ce/ia was put away for
her naughtineſs. Howſoever it was,Sy/la did ever Honour and love Merella : in ſo much as the Peo-
. ple of Roms afterwards making ſute, that they that were baniſhed for Marius faction, might be called
home again: and being denied , and refuſed by Sy/la, they cried out with open voice for Merella,
praying her to help them to obtain their requeſt. And ir ſeemeth alſorhat when he had taken the
_ City ot ATHENS , hedealt more cruelly with them , becauſe that ſome of chem had ſeoffed at Ac-
tell, from the Walls ; howheit that was afterwards. So $y//a making his reckoning at that time chat
the Conſylſhip was afmall matter , in compariſon of that which he looked for in the time ro come :
was marvellous defirous to go againſt eAfthridates, But herein eAarixs allo, of a mad furious
ambition and covetouſneſs of glory, ſtood againſt him, and ſued to go that journey in like manner ,
being ſubject ro thoſe paſſions , which never wax old, as we may daily fee by experience. For being ,,,,;v; tons
now a heavy man , ſickly of Body , and broken in ſervice abroad in the Wars, from the which he came ambition;
but newly home , and bruiſed moreover with age : did notwithſtanding yer aſpire to = the
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charge of the Wars ſo far off beyond the Seas. Wherefore t6 obtain MW purps leſt $ $2
was gone alittle unto the Camp to give order for certain things that were to be done , he remain-
ing in the City , did praRiſe this peftilent mortall ſedition , which alone —y hurt unto the City
of RonE , then all the Enemies that Roms ever had : the which the gods themſelves had fore-
ſhewed by many figns and tokens. For Fire took of it ſelf in the Staves of the Enſigns , which
they had much ado to quench. Three Ravens brought their young ones into the high way , and
did eat them up in the fight of many People , and afterwards catried the garbage they left of
them into their Neſts. Rats alſo having knawn forme Jewels of Gold in a Chutch, the Sextons ſet=
ting a Trap for them , as a Rat was taken full of young , and kindled five young Rats in the Trap,
of the which ſhe eat up three. But more yet , on a fair bright day when there was no Cloud fern
in the Element ar all , men heard ſuch aſharp ſound of a Trumpet , that they were almoſt all out of
their wits , for fear of ſo great a noiſe. Whereupon the Wiſemen and Soothſayers of Txusca N
being asked their Opinions, they anſwered : that this ſo ſtrange and wonderfull a ligne did foreſhew
the change of theworld , and the departure out of this into another Life : for they hold opinion ,
that there ſhould be eight worlds , all contrary one unto another , in manners and faſhions of Life :
unto every one of the which, ſaid they , God hath determined a certain time of continuance : but
that they ſhould all end their courſe within the ſpace of the revolution of the great year : and
when the one is ended , and the other ready to begin , there ſhall appear ſuch ftrange ſigns on
the Earth, or inthe Element. So that ſuch as have ſtudied that ſcience , do certainly know, as ſoon
as men be born, which are meer contrary unto the firft in their lives and manners, and which are
either more or leſs acceptable unto the gods , then thoſe which lived in former age. For they ſayg*
that amongſt great changes and alterations which are done in thoſe places frotn one ape unto a
nother , the ſcience of divination and foretelling of things to come, doth grow'in repuratioh, and
rmeereth in their predi&tions , when it pleaſeth Ged to ſend moſt certain and nianifeſt ſigns , to
know and foretel] things ro come. And in contrariwiſe alſo in another age it groweth r@ con :
and loſzrh her reputation , for rhat it is very raſh , and faileth to meer with the moſt part of ns;
predidions , becauſe ſhe hath bur obſcure means, and all her Inſtruments defaced , to know what
ſhould come. And theſe be the fables which the wiſeſt Soothſayers of Tuuscan reported a-
broad , and they ſpecially who ſeemed to have ſome ſingular ſpeculation above others, Bur as the
Senate were talking with. the Soorhſayers of theſe wonders, being Affembled together within the
Temple of rhe goddeſs Bettona, a Sparrow came flying into the Church in ſight of them all, and
carried a Graſhopper in her bill , and parted it in the middeſt , and left one part within the Temple,
and cartied the other away with her. Whereupon the Wiſe men and Interpreters of ſuch wonders,
ſaid, that they doubted a commotion and a riſing of the Countrey-men againft the Commons of
the Ciry , becauſe the common People of the Ciry do cry out continually like Graſhoppers, and
the Husbandmen do keep themſelves upon their Lands in the Countrey, Thus Aſarius grew
great and very familiar with Sn/piris , one of the Tribunes of the People , who in all kinds of
wickedneſs and miſchief that a man can reckon, would give place to no living creature : ſo that a man
need hot to ſeek or demand any where for worſe then he , but the queſtion is rather wherein he him-
ſelf was not the worſt of all others, For he was full repleat with all kindsof cruelty, avarice, and
raſhneſs, and that ſo extreamly , as he cared not what villany and wickedneſs he openly cotnmirted,
ſo that the ſame _ turn to his profit, For he had ſet up a Table in the open Marker-place,
where he ſold freedom , making ſlaves and ftrangers denizons of ROME for their Money : and
for that purpoſe he entertained a guard of three thouſand about him , befides a band © young
Gentlemen of. the order of Knights that attended always upon his Perſon ready at his command.-
ment , whom he called the guard againſt the Senate, And furthermore , himſelf baving paſſed a
Law by the voice of the People , that no Senatour ſhould borrow nor owe above two thouſand
Drachmas : it was found that at the hour of his death , he dyed three millions of Drachmas in deb,
This man now likea furious raging beaſt , being left by Marims amongſt the People, turned all things
roplie turvey, by force of Arms and main ſtrength. He made alſo many wicked Laws to pals
by voice of the People, and amongft others , that one ſpecially , whereby he gave Afarins Com-
miſſion to make Wars _—_ King Mithridates. For which extream oppreſſions and dealings of
Sulpitius , the wo Conſuls ( Syla and 2uinrw Powpeins ) left off to hear publick cauſes , and cea-
ſed the common courſe of Law and juſtice. And as they were one day occupied about the adjournment
of the Law, in an open Aſſembly in the Market-place , before the Temple of Caffoy and Pollux :.Sl-
pitixs the Tribune came upon them with his Souldiers, and flew many People, apd among others,
the Conſull Pompeins own Son, and the Father himſelf being Conſull , had much ado to fave his
Life by flying. And Sy/la the other Conſull, was alſo purſued even into Mariw Houſe , where
he was compelled to promiſe before his departure, preſently to go and revoke the adjournment of
the Law which he had before commanded. - Thus $S*/pitims having deprived Pompeixs of his
Conſulſhip , did not depoſe $y1/a, but onely took from him the charge he had given him to make
Wars againſt Mithridates , and transferred that unto Marim. And ſending -Colonels to the
City of NOLA to receive the Army that lay there, and to. bring ther unto Marine, Sylla pre-
vented them , and fled*ro rhe Camp before them, and told the Souldiers all what had paſt, as it
was indeed : who when they heard it , fell all to a tumult, and flew 2farims Colonels with Stones.
Marius on the other ſide pur all Syl/a's friends to death at RO, and took the ſpoyl of their
goods and Houſes : ſo was there nothing elſe but flying from the Camp to Rowe , and from
| RomE
_—
bt #
4/7
Wy Of /
_— — - —
__——__
+ TLL 4.
ROME to the Camp again, The Senate were in nanner beſides themlelves, not being able to
govern as they would , bur driven to obey Marin and Sulpitizs commandments, Who being ad.
vertiſed that Sy//a was coming towards ROE, ſent ſtraight two Prztors unto him, ZBy:tius and
Servilixs , to command him as from the Senate , to approach no nearer. Theſe two Pretors \ pake
a little two boldly unto $y4a : whereupon the Souldiers fell ro a matiny , in ſuch ſorr, that they
ſtood indifferent whether to Kill them preſently.in the Field , or no : howbeir they brake their Axes
and bundels of' Rods, which were carried before them, and took their Purple Robes wherewith
they were apparelled as Magiſtrates , from them , and ſent them home thus ſhamefully handled and
intreated, Upon their return now to ROME , their (ad ſilence onely , and themſelves ſo ſtripped
beſides of all their marks and rukens of Prztoriall dignity , made all men then to judge that they
brought no other News , but ſuch as werethe worſt that poſlible could be : and rhat there was ng
way then left to pacihee the ſedition, which was now altogether uncurable, Wherefore Aſarims and
his followers began to make himlelt ſtrong by torce : and Sy/a with his Companion 2uintns Pon,-
eins, departed in the mean time from the City Nor a , and brought fix entire Legions on with
him , who deſired ao other thing but to make haſt ro march to Rome-ward, Howbeit Sy/a ſtood
in doubt with himſelf-what to do, thinking of the great danger that might follow. Uacill ſuch
time as his ſoothſayer Poſthamins having conſidered the figns and rokens of the Sacrifices, which
Sy/ta had made upon this determination , gave hin both his hands , and bad him bind them hard,
and ſhut him up faſt, untill the day of Batrell ſhould be paſt : ſaying , that he was contented to
ſuffer death, if he had not good ſucceſs, and that out of hand, to his great Honour. And it is
faid alſo, that the ſame night there appeared unto Sy//a itt a Dream the goddeſs Be/oza , whom
the Romans do greatly Honour , following therein the CayPapociaNs : and I know not
whether it be the Moon, Minerva, or Enyo the goddels of Battels, So he thought , that ſhe
coming to him did pur lightning into his hand , commanding him that be ſhould ya upon his
Enemies , naming them one after another by their proper Names : and that they being ſtricken with
this lightning , fell down dead beforehim , and no man knew what became of them. This Viſion
incouraged Sylla very much , and having reported the ſame to Pumpeixs., his fellow Conſul and
Companion , the next morning he marched with his Army to Rowe. When he was at Pic1xE S,
there came other Ambaſſadours unto him, to pray him in the Name of the Senate that he would
not come to ROME in this heat and fury , declaring therewithall that the Senate would
grant him all things that ſhould be meet and reaſonable, When $y/lz had heard the meſſage; he
anſwered them , that he would Camp there : and ſo commanded the Marſhals to divide the
ſquadrons according to their manner. The Ambaſſadours beleeving that he would have done ſo
indeed , retutned again to ROME : howbeit their backs were no ſooner turned , but Sy/a ſtraight
ſent Lucins Baſillus , and Cains Mummins , before to ſeize one of the Gates of Rowe , and
the Walls which were on the fide of Mount Eſquilin, and he himſelf alſo in Perſon with all poſſible
ſpeed marched after them. Baſi//xs entred RoE,and wan the Gate by force. But the common People
unarmed , got them up ſtraight to the top of their Houſes , and with Tiles and ones ſtayed and kepr
him , not onely for entring any further z but alſo drave him back again , even to the very Walls of
- y
».4 . n
o 'f . 1 _
4 TT, .
* +5
a” 0 mY, 5 201
. "F :
hh ——— rr ee nn oe CCC"
Sylig marcheth
towards Rgme
with fix Legi-
Ons,
Poſthumit's the
divine, did
prognolticate
V iRory wnto
Syllz.
$yllz's Viſion
in his dream;
the Ciry, In this hurly burly came Sy//a himſelf tro ROME , who ſeeing apparently in what ſtate $y!lz ſer the
things ſtood , cryed out to his men, and bade them fer fire on the Houſes : and himſelf taking a Houles on fire
Torch light in his hand, ſhewed them the way what they ſhould do , appointing his Archers and
Darters to hurl ang, beſtow their Darts and other fiery Inſtruments , to the tops of the Houſes,
Herein he waoo much overcome with unreaſonable choler , pailion , and deſire of revenge : for
ſeeking onely to plague his Enemies , he took no regard to friends , to Parents or contederates,
neither had he yet any manner of remorſe or pity : ſuch and ſo fiery was his anger then,that he put no
kind of difference between thoſe that had offended, and them that had done him no hurt. at all, By
this means was Aſarins driven into the City ; unto the Temple of the Earth , where he made open
Proclamation by ſound of Trumpet , that he would make free all the (laves that would come to his
part, _ But forthwith carne his Enemies, ſet upon him, and preſt him fo near , that he was conſtrai-
ned utterly to fly and forſake the Ciry. Then Sy/la afſembling rhe Senate , cauled Af.:yivs and cer-
tain others, together with S»/p;ri3«s. Tribune of rhe People, to be condemned to death. $»/-
pitins was betrayed by a flave of his own , whom Sy/la made free according to his promiſe paſt
by publick Edi& : but whewthe had made him free , he cauſed him to be thrown dewn headlong
from the Rock Tarpeian. And not contented with this , he promiſed by Proclamation a great
ſum of Money-t@him that would kill, Marizs : a very ingrate and unthankfull part , conſidering
that Marins not many. days before , having $7//a in his own Houſe , in his hands and cuſtody, de-
livered him from'perill, and ſer him in ſafery. Which if at that time he had not done , but had ſufter-
ed Sxlpitins to have (lain him, himſelf had been ſoveraign Lord of the whole without all contra-
dition , and might have ruled all things at his own will and pleafure. Burt Sy//a ſhortly after upon
the like advantage, uſed no ſuch manner of requitall or gravity towards him , which bred a ſecret
miſliking amongſt the Senate ; howbeit the common People made open ſhew of the evill will they
bare unto Syl/a-,' by rejeting one Nonss his Nephew , and one S-rvi s , who upon contidence
of his tavour , preſented themſelves to ſue for certain Offices, And beſides the ſhame of this
refufall., to ſpite him the more; they choſe others in their ſteads- , whoſe Honour and preter-
ment they right well knew that $y//a would nor onely millike , but be much offended withall.
Howbeit he wiſely diffembling rhe matter , ſeemed ro be very glad , ſaying that by. this _
Ll 2 the
in Rome.
Marius and
Sulpititis cons
demned t5
death.
Treaſon jullly
rewarded.
Theingraittude
of Syila
reproved.
wo
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a
39
SYL LA”
OO CO
+4
% 5,
Lucius Cinna
Conſull.
Cinna {ware to
be Sylla's
friend.
Sylla went a.
gainſt AMithri-
dates,
the People of Rowe enjoyned a full and perfe& liberty , that in ſuch caſes of eleRtion they might
freely do what themfelves lifted. And to mitigate ſomewhat the Peoples ill will rowards him, he
determined to chufe Lycins Cirna Conſull , who was of a contrary faCtion unto him: having firſt
bound him by ſolemn Oath and curſe to favour his doings and whole proceedings, Whereupon
{inna went up to the Capitoll, and there holding a Stone in his hand , did ſolemnly ſwear and
promiſe , that he would be Sy/a's faichfull friend : beſeeching tlie gods if he did-' the comrary ,
that he might be thrown out of ROME , even as he threw that Stone out of his hand: and with
thoſe words, threw it to the ground before many People. But notwithſtanding all theſe curſes ,
Cinna was no ſooner entred into his Conſulſhip , but preſently Ne began co change and alter all.
For amongſt other rhings , he would needs have Sy/z accuſed : and procured Yerginizs one of
the Tribunes: of the People , to be his accuſer. But Sy//a left him with his Judges, and went to
make Wars againft Mithridates. And it is faid, that about the time that Sy/latook Ship , and
departed out of IT a Ly , there fortuned many tokens and warnings of the gods unto King A4;-
tridates , who was at that preſent in the City of PeRGAmus : as amongſt others that the Pz r-
GAMENIANS to Honour Mithridates withall , having made an Image -of Victory, carrying 4
+ Garland of Triumph in her hand , which was let down from aloft with Engines : ſo. ſoon as the
Mithridatcs.
power,
Sylla hg
the Ciry cf A»
thens.
Sylla rook the
Jewe's and
reaay Money
out of all rhe
Temples of
Greece, and
broughr ir ro
him to Athens.
Q
was ready to put the Garland upon his head , the Image brake, and rhe Crown fell'ro | the ground
in the middeſt 'of the Theater ,; and burſt all ro- pieces, Wherebyall the People that were preſeme;
were ſtricken with a marvellous fear , and :rhridates himſelf' began ro miſlike this evill luck :
although all things at that time fell out more fortunately then he looked for, For he had taken
AS1a from the Romans , and BiTHYNIA and CayPapDOc1a , from the Kings which he
had driven out :-and at that time remained in the City of PExGamus , to devide the riches
and great Territories among his friends, As touching his Sons , the eldeſt governed the Realm
of PONTus;, and Bos pHORus which he inherited from his predeceffors., even unto the deſerts
beyond rhe Mariſhes of Mceorides ,-withour trouble or moleſtation -of any man. The other alſo,
Ariarathes, was with a great Army in Conquering of THRAC1A ,, and MAcEDgNn, His Ca-
prains and Lieutenants moreover , did many notable Conqueſts in divers places ., with a grear
Power: amongſt the which , Archelaus being Lord and Maſter- of all the Sea for the great number
Ships he had-, Conquered the Ules Cy c:apzs, and all thoſe beyond the head of Marza ,
j4F ſpecially amongſt others , the Iſle of Euzoza., And beginning at the City of Arwens,
had: made all-the Nations' of GREECE to rebel], even unto THESSALY , ſaving that he received
fome loſs by the City of CHERONEA. Where Brutizs Sara, one of the Lieutenants of Sexntixs
Governour-of Mac =pow ( a man of great Wiſedom and: Valiantneſs) came againft him, and
ſtayed him from going any further , overturning the whole Countrey of Boxzor 14 like a. furious
raging River. And "ſetting upon |" Archelaws by the City of CHrONta, overthrew him in three
ſeveral} Batrels : repulſed, and enforced him to take the Seas again. But as Brarims was fotiowing
him in chaſe, Lzcizs Lncally ſent him commandment to give place unto Sy//4, to follow thole
Wars againſt 2irhridates , accerding to the charge and © ommiſtion in thar behalf: given him.
Whereupon' Britixe Sara: went out of the Country of BotzoT14, and returned rowards his Ge-
nerall Sextize ,. notwithſtanding his affairs proſpered better then' he could have. wiſhed , and that
al 'GrtzEct'were very willing to revolt, for the reputation of his Wiſdom' and goodneſs.
Howbeir'the things that we before have ſpoken of , were the moſt notable matters that By=tix
&id in thoſe parts. ' Syl/a now upon his arrivall , recovered immediately all the other Cities of
GREECE ': who being advertiſed of his coming , ſent preſently to pray him to come to their aid,
the Ciry of ArxzNns onely excepted , which was compelled by the Tyrant A4riſtion , to take
part with Aithridates. Sylla thereupon with all his Power went thither, beſieged the Haven of
PrR 4 round, cauſing it to be battered and aſſaulted-on every fide , with all ſorts of Engines and
Inftruments of battery : whereas if he could have had patience but a little longer, he might have
had the high Town by famine, without putting himſelf m any manner of d , the ſame being
brought ro ſuch extream dearth and ſcarciry of all kind of Victuals. But the haftethar he made to
return again to ROME, -ſor fear of the new change which he heard of daily from thence , compel-
ted himto hazard this War in that ſort with great danger , many Bartels, and infinite 2. CON-
fidering alſo, thar beſides all other proviſion and Furniture , he had- rwehty thouſand Mules and Mu-
lers labouring daily to furniſh his Engins of battery. And when all ofier Wood failed him, becauſe
his Engins were oftentimes marred after they were made , ſome breaking of themſelvesby reaſon 'of
their weight; others conſumed with fire thrown from the Enemies : art the length he fell ro the
holy Wood , and cut down the Trees of the Academia , being better ſtored and furniſhed , then
any other Park of pleaſure in all the Suburbs of the City , and felled down all the Weod- of the
Park Lyczum. And ftanding in need of a great ſum of Money to entertain this War withall ,
he dealt alſo with the holieft Temples of all Gzzzc , cauſing them to bring him from the Tem-
ples of Ey1Daurum and OLymeus , all the richeſt and moſt precious Jewels they had, He
wrote moreover unto-the Counſell of the AmyH1cT10 ns holden in the Ciry of Det pros, to
bring him the ready Money they had in the Temple of Apo#o, for thar it ſhould be kept m better ſafe-
ty with him , then if it ſtill remainedthere : promiſing beſides , that if he ſhould by occaſion be com-
pelſed to uſe it, he would reſtore as much again unto them : and" for this purpofehe ſent Capi
PHOCIAN, one of his very friends and familiars., -and commanded him to weigh all that he took.
0 Caphis went unto DELPHOs + but when he came thither , being afraid to' touch —
things,
—————.
_—mm————
SYLL 4. 393
— > ————_— _—
things ; in preſence of the Coynſell of the Amy#1cTYoNns he wept, that the tears ran down by
his cheeks , as a man compelled ro do ſuch an At againſt his will. And when ſome that were pre- caph;; ſuper-
ſent, told Caphs that they heard the ſound of Apolo's Cithern, in the Temple : whether he be- ftirion for
teeved it was ſo indeed , or becaufe he would put this ſuperſtirious fear into Sz/la's head , he wrote *2ching the
ro him of it, Bur Sy/a mocking him , ſent him word , that he marvelled he could not conſider, wy
that Singing and Playing on the Citherr, were tokens rather of joy then of anger, and there-
fore that he ſhould not tail to proceed further , and bring him thofe things which he command-
ed, for that ( ſaid he) Apollo did give therh him.” Now for the other Jewels of the Temple of
Apollo , the common People knew not that they were ſent unto Sy//a: bur the Silver tun, which
onely was that , that remained of the offerings of the Kings, .the Ame#41cTyYoNS were fain to
break that in pieces , becauſe it was ſo great and Maſſie; that the Beaſts of draught could not draw
it whole as it was. This A& made them to remember the other ancient Roman Captains , as
Flaminius, Mania eAciline , and Panlus eAimylim : of the which , the one having driven King
Antiockus out of GREECE , and the reſt alſo having overthrown the Kings of Maczoon ,
they never once touched the Gold and Silver of the' Temples of GREEcE : but contrarily ſent
their offerings thicher , and had them all in great Honour and reverence. But as to them , they The
were al] Captains lawfully choſen and ſent to their charges : their Souldiers well trained, and obe- cation of the
dient at commandment , void of rebellion , or any manner of mutiny. And for themſelves , were CG_ =
Kings in greatneſs of courage and magnanimity of mind : but in expence of their Perſons, very ordering of
ſpare and ſcant , without any laviſh , but needfull and neceſſary , proportioned by reaſon , and their Souldiers,
thinking more ſhame to flatter their Souldiers , then fear their Enemies. Now the Caprains eo for
contrarily in Sy//4"s time, ſought not their preferment in the Common-wealth by Vertue, but by ———
force , and having greater Wars one with another , therrwith ſtrangers their Enemies , were com-
lled ro flatter their Souldiers whom they ſhould command , and to buy their pains and ſervice,
feeding them ſtill with large and great expences , to pleaſe and content them. Wherein they did nor
conſider , that they brought their Corſtrey into bondage , and madethemſelves (laves of the vileſt
People of the World, whileſt that in the miean time they ſought to command by all means poſlible
thoſe” which in many reſpets were far better then themſelves. And this was the cauſe that
both drave' Marius out of Rome , and made him alfo- to return again againſt Sy//a, This ſelf $yllzthe firſt
ſame cauſe made Cinng to kill Oftaviws, and Fimbria to (lay Flacews : of which evils Sy//a was Tan that ſpoile
the very firſt and onely Author, ſpending out of all reaſon, and giving the Souldiers largely that ſerved edall jromen:
under him, to wintheir good wills the more , and thereby alſo to allure them. By reaſon whereof, dy
Sy/la had need of Mountains of Money , and ſpecially at the lege where* he was : both to make much liberty ©
firangers Traytors , and beſides, to furniſh and fatisfie his own diffolute Souldiers : for he had ſuch ant lufferance,
- an earneſt delire ro take the City of, ATHENs, that he could not poſlibly be diſiwaded from it, And
either it was of a certain vain ambition he had to fight againft the ancient reputation of that City,
being then bur a ſhadow' to that it had been : or elſe of a very anger , for the mocks and gibes which
the Tyrant Ariſtion gave in his ſpeeches from the Walls, againſt him and Merel/a, to ſpite him the
more withall, This Tyrant Ar:/f40n was full of all cruelty and wickedneſs , having taken up all the as Ro.
worſt qualities and greateſt imperfe&ions of Kihg Athridates , and heaped them wholly together Tr Ari.
in himſelf : by reaſon-whereof the poor City of ATHENS which had eſcaped from ſo many Wars, jon. |
Tyrannies, and civill diſſentions uncill that preſent time, was by him,as by an uncurable diſeaſe, brought
unto all extremity : for a buſhell of Wheat was worth a thouſand Drachmas, and men were driven
for famine to eat Feverfew that grew about the Caftle : and they cauſed old Shoes and old Oyl
Pots to be ſodden ; to deliver ſome ſavour unto that they did cat, whileſt the Tyrant himſelf did
nothing all day long. but cram in Meit , and Drink, drunk , dance, maske, ſcoff, and flout ar the
Enennes , ſuffering” the holy Lamp of Afinerva in the mean ſeaſon ro go out for lack of Oyl,
And when the Nun of the ſame Temple ſent unto him, for a quarter of a buſhel} of 'Wheat , he ſent
a quarter of a-buſhell of Pepper. And when the Counſellors of the Ciry , the Prieſts and Religions:
came to the Caftle, holding up their hands, and beſeeching him to rake ſome pity of the City,and
fall to compoſition with S5lla: be made them to bedriven away and ſcattered with Slings. In the end;
very late and yet with great ado, be ſent two.or three of his quatfing Companions unto Sy/{a, who -
when they were come to him , made no demand of Compoſition for the Town bur began to praiſe
and magnifie the deeds of Theſexa, of Enmeclpus , and of the ATHENIANS againſt the Mepes,
Wher "$yila made them this anſwer : My goodly Orators, return you again with all your
rhetorick | for the* ROM a xs ſent rhe not hither co learn nor to ſtudy, but to overcoine and conquer
thoſe that are rebelled @gainſt them, In the mean time there were certain ſpies in the City, that
heard old men ralking together in. a place called Ceramics: , blaming the Tyrant becauſe he kept no
better. Warch on thar fide of the Wall'that was dire&ly over againſt the Heptachalchon, which was
the onely place where Enemics might eaſilieſt get up upon the Walls. Thoſe ſpies went Rtraighs
unto Sol and told him what they had heard the old meh, ſay, Sy//a trated no time, but came to the
place in the night to ſee it ; and petceiving that. ir was td be taken, ſer the matter ſtraight abroach,
And himſelf writes in his Commentaries , that the firſt man that ſcaled the Walls , was Afarcns T ei- BY wy oe
» who finding a Soulditr ready to reſiſt him , gave him ſuch a ſore blow with his Sword upon his A Pens:
Headpiece , that his Sword brake in two ; and yet;/fiotwithſtanding that he ſaw himſelf naked and
diſarmed of a_Sward , did not forall that give back”; but ſtood ſtilſto it, and kept the place ſo long, cr
till chrovgh him the Ciry was taken ; arid all upon rhe talk of thefe old men. So Sy/la cauſed _
LI 3 A
The commen=-
$6
Wall to be pulled down between the Haven of Pix&4A, and the holy HIven7"and having before
made the breach very plain , entred into the City about midnight with a wonderfull feartuul order,
making a marvellous noiſe with a number.of Horns, and ſounding of Trumpets , and all his Army
with him in order of Bartcell, crying, To the ack, to the ſack : kill , kill. For he had given them
the Town in ſpoil , and to pus all co the Sword, The Souldiers therefore ran through the Streets
with their Swords drawn, making an uncredible ſlaughter : ſo that to this day they be not acknown,
nordo not declare what number of Perſons were (lain : but co ſhew the greatneſs of the murder
The ſlaughter (1,44 there was committed, the place is yet extant to be ſeen where the Bloud ran. For be-
of the Arbend- fides them that were lain through all the City, the Bloud of them onely that were ſlain in the
«ns after the
raking of the Market-ſtead, did wer all the ground of Ceramics, even unto the very place called Dipylon : and ſome
City. ſay alſo, that it ran by the, Gates into the Suburbs of che City. Bur if the multitude of the
People that were {lain in this ſort were , much more ” Loy ſo many ar the leaft )* it is ſaid
were thoſe that flew themſelves, for the ſorrow and compaſſion they had to ſee their Countrey in
ſuch pirifull ſtate, ſuppoſing certainly that their Ciry was now come to utter ruine and deſtruction.
This opinion made the nobleſt men of the City to deſpair of their own fafery , and feared to live
any longer , becauſe they thought they ſhould find no mercy , nor moderation of cruelty in Sy/a.
Notwithſtanding, partly at the requeſts of Afidias and Calliphon , who were baniſhed men trom
ATHENS , and fell at Sy/a's feer upon their knees - and partly alſo at the requeſts of the Ro-
MAN Senators that were in his Camp, who. prayed him to pardon the Body of the City , and
the rather, for that he had already quenched the thirſt of his ravening mind ſufficiently well : after
that he had ſaid ſomewhat in praiſe of the ancient ATHENIAN Ss , be concluded inthe end, to give
the greater number unto the ſmaller , and the living to the dead. $Sy4s writeth himſelf in his Com-
Antheſterion mentaries, that be took the ip By ATHENS. on the very ſelf day of the calends of March,
_ R which cometh to agree with the day of the Moneth that we call Anthefterion, on the which day
Mews Flood by chance many things are done at ATHENS in memory of Noes Flood, and of the univerſall de-
ructien .of the whole world , that was in Old time by rage of Waters, falling out even in that very
Moneth. When the Ciry was thus taken , the tyrant Ariſton fled into the Caſtle , where he was
beſieged by Cxrio.,, whom Sy1la left there of purpoſe about that matter. And after he had a great
| tiene Kept it , at-the laſt conſtrained thereunto for lack of Water , he yeelded. The Caſtle was no
Aviſtion the ſooner given up , but immediately by Gods providence , the weather miraculouſly altered. For
——_—_ the felf ſame day , and the very ſelf inftant that C»rio carried the Tyrant Ariſt50n out of the
_— Caſtle, the Element being very fair and clear , the Clouds ſuddenly gathered together, and there
The Haven o 11 fucha-marvellous glur.of rain, that all the Caftle was full of Water. Shortly after alſo, S/ls
Pirza won. © having gotten the Haven of Pix#a,, burnt the greateſt part of. the Buildings : amongſt ot
Philoes Armo- was the Arſenall and Armory, which /Philoin Old time had cauſed to be built, being of a ſtrange
ry burnt by and wonderfull edifice. lathe meantime, T axles , one of the Lieutenants of King AMithridates,
—_ a coming from THRAcia and MAcEDoNn , with a hundred thouſand Footmen,, ten thouſand
a bandzez Horlmen , and fourſcore and ten thouſand Carts of War all Armed with Siches ; ſent unto
thouſand Foor- Archelays to joyn with him , lying yet at Anker in the Haven of Muny&@ata , and not wil-
men, ten rhou.. ling to leave the Sea , nor come to gh with the Romans, but ſeeking rather to draw theſe
_ Horſmen, \y/ars out in length , and to cut off all ViRuals from his Enemies, Sy/a underſtanding this drift
-+-— 19 ry better then himſelf , departed.out of the Countrey of ATT43ca ( a very barren loyl, and indeed
Carts with Not able to keep him in time of Peace ) and went into BozoT 14 : wherein moſt men thought
Sithes. he committed great errourto leave ATT1C4a , which isa very hard Countrey for Horſemen , and
The force of ro go into BOEOTIA ,a plain Champion : and ſo much the. rather , becauſe he knew well enough
the Barbarions cpa the chicteſt ſtrength of the Barbarous People conſiſted in their Horſinen , 'aad their Armed
Horlmen ang Carts with Sithes. to avoid famine , and lack of ViRtuals as we haye Taid, he was compel-
in their Carts led co ſeek Battell, Furthermore , he bad another cauſe alſo that made him afraid , and compelled
with Sithes. him to go : and that was Hoytenfcs'a-famous Captain , and very valiant alſo., who brought him
br aw. aid out of THESSALIE ; and the Barbarous People lay in wait for him in his way, in the Straight
Trmoples of THERMY POLES. And theſe were the cauſes that made Syllg take his wy into BOtoT14.
Parnaſſus Hili, But in the mean time , Caphis that was oyr Countrey-man , deceiving the Batbarous People, guided
The Ciry of Hortenfous another way by Mount PaxNas us, and broughthim under the City of TiTHORa,
Tithorg, which was not then ſo great a City as now at this preſent it 1s, but was a onely, ſituated
upon the point of a Rock, hewn all about ; whether the PHOc1a ns in Of time flying., King
them , retired. themſelves for their ſafery. Hortenſims there, and there
Aer xe: coming upon
Syla and Hor didalſo both defend and repulſe his Enemies , ſo long as day-light laſted ; 'an& when the night came
-= 5d may ir on, got down through very bard ſtony ways, unto the Ciry of PaTRONIDE , where- he joy-
The plain of ned with Syla, who came to meet him with, all his Power. Thus being joyned together , they
Elatea Camped upon a Hill that ſtandeth about the middeſt of the plain of ExAT tA : the ſoyle was very
Philobzoras good, and well repleniſhed with great ſtore of Trees and Water at the foot of the ſame. The
_ , called PH1LOB&0Tus, the nature and ficuation whereof , Syla" doth marvellouſly com-
_ _ mend, When they were Camped , they ſeemed but a handfull in the Eye of their Enemies : and no
Chee bradreg more they were indeed , for they had not above fifteen hundred Horſe , and leſs rhen fifteen
kiorſe , thouſand Footmen. Whereupon the uther, Captains their Enemies , againſt Archelaws mind ,
fifteen rhou= brought out their bands into the Field , and filled, all the Valley and plain thereabouts with Horl-
ſand Footwen, men, with Carts , with Shieldsand Targets, fo that the Air was even. cut alunder as it were with the
violence
—
violence of rhenonnangcryes of ſo many ſundry Nations which all ropether did pur the
Batrell ray. The ſumptuovineſs of 1heir er Moreover , was ——_ [> The brave A
unprofitable , but ſerved greatly to fear the beholders. For the gliftering of their Harneſs . ſ@ mour 5nd a4
richly crimmed and ſer forth with Gold and Silver , the colours of rheir Arming Coats upon their *\rure of the
Curaces , after the faſhion of the Mzpzs and ScyTHIANS , mingled with the bright gliſtering Thracidns and
Steel and ſhining Copper, gave ſuch a ſhew as they went and removed too and fro, tbat made a feving ae
light as clear as if all had beet on a very Fire, a fearful thing to look upon. Inſomuch as the Taxillcs King
Romans durfſt not ſo much asonce go out of the Trenches of their Camp , nor Sy//a with all his *#bridutes
perſwaſion could take away this great conceived fear from them : wherefore ( and becauſe alſo be nant
would not compel} them to go forth in this fear ) he was driven not to ſtir , but cloſe to abide,
( though it grieved him greatly ) to {ce the-Barbarous People ſo proudly and villainouſly laugh him
and his men to fcorn. Howbeit the diſdain and ſcofting of his Enemies, ſtood him to great good
purpoſe afterwards : tor they making now no account of tym , kept ſmall Watch and Ward , ſtray- |
ed up and down diſorderly belides, though otherwiſe they were not very obedient unto their Cap--Many Come
tains , being many Commanders , and few good followers : by reaſon whereof , a fmall number nnb_ make
kept in the Camp , and all the reſt of the great multitude enticed with the gain they made by ſpoy- disobedicor
ling and ſacking of Towns thereabouts , diſperſed themſelves many days journey from their Camp. Souldiers,
For it is ſaid , that at that very time. they deſtroyed the City of Paxor 14 , ſacked the C ity of
LEBAD1A » and (poiled the Temple without commandment or licence of any of all their Cap-
tains ro dv it. In che mean while , Sys ſeeing ſo many Cities and Towns ſpoiled and deſtroyed,
cook it both grievouſly and alſo angetly : howbeit be ſuffered nor his men to lye idle , bur kept them
in labour , to turn the courſe of the River of Cephilus , and ro caſt great Trenches, not luffering Cephiſus f.
any man 0 take eaſe or reſt , but contrarily with great ſeverity puniſhed ſuch as went faintly and lazily Va"sMtraight-
to work, to the end that being wearied with the pain they rook atter ſo many works, they would —_ his
rather prove to hazard Barcell , as it fell out indeed. For the third day after they had begun thus A good policy
to labour, as Sy/{a paſſed by them, they cried out unto him , to lead them againſt their Enemies, to weary hes
Bur this anſwer was unto them again : That choſe were but cries of men wearied rather with labour, full Sowldiers
then defirousto fight. Notwithſtanding, if it be fo indeed, and that you have ſo good a will to wg wow
fight as you make ſhew of: then I will , faid hethat you Armyour ſelves preſently,and ger you to by a =
yonder place , ſhewing them rherewithall where the Caltle of the Paravror anians Rood in them defirous
Old time, which then ( the City being deſtroyed) was no more bur the top of a Stony Mountain *© fighr.
cut all about;and ſevered trom the Mounrof Edylium by the breadth of the River of Aſus that wn __ __
nech berwixt, and which at the very foot of the ſame Mountain falleth into the River of Cephiſus,ahd 7 = Rong
both theſe Rivers running in one, carrying a ſwift Stream, do . make the knap of the ſaid Hill very fe
ſtrong of ſituation to lodge a Campupon.. And rhertfore S7#a ſeeing the Souldiers of his Enemies
Camp ; marching with therr Gopper Targets to take up that place co lodge in : to. prevent them,
and to get i betore them '{ as indeed he d1d) he marched ahigher mall hafte poſlible , and gor it even
with the earneſt ggod will of all bis Souldiers. . Mrovelaws being 1o repulſed fromthence, rurned
his way towards the City of CH0sROXEA. Whareupen ceain. of the CHoERONEANS that
- were in Syda's Camp, =—=_ ham chat he would not forſake their City, and-leave it to-their Ene-
my. Fy/ladefiring to gratifte them therein, ſent Gebin4s one of his Colonels with a Legion,and -
therewithall gave the CHOtRo NEANS leave to gothiher , who did 'what they could poffible to $y/ls ſendeth
get into the Ciry before Gabinias : but that they could nox , fuch was tbe diligence and honeſty of G#%#nius wich
the man, as he ſeemed” more defirous of their ſabery ; then they were themſelves, Nevertheleſs , ?,7-39" *2.
Tubat doth not call-the Colonell that was4ent thicher Gob5n1« , but Hircins. And thus was the City ad
of CHoERONEA preſerved from the danger ic ſtood im at that cime. In the mean time came very
News ro the Rona Ns , both*of Oracles and Prophecies , which promiſed them ViRory Oractes and
the Temple of LzzaxD1a , and the Cave of Zrophonizs : of which Prophecies , Prophecies of
Coumrey-<men- make great mention. But Sy 5n the Book of his Commentaries writeth , Victory uato
that Wain True , a man of quality and Name amongſt thera that arafficked into the Countrey of Syba,
Gxtsex', came unto him after be had won the Bartell of CHOzrON#a , t0 tell him that 7 ro-
phoniiu gave him to underftand , that ſhortly after he ſhould bave a fecond Bartell , and that he ſhould |
yet apain have another Viory in he {ame place. After him anocher may of War called $,/- Satvenius a
vexixs; told him alſo what ſucceſs he ſhould have in the Wars of IT ar , {aying , that he knew Seuldicr,
it by revelation : and both cheſe men agreed in the manner of the Revelation. For chey ſaid , thar _ _
they had fern a god, in Majeſty , beaury and greanefs, like umo the Image of 7apirer Olympia. 0-5 -vgg Gas:
wo mrs pin ee bf Afffus,vcor to lodge at the foor of Mount Edylum,bard by Archelaw, Aconciom,
Ce es
fortified bis Camp berween the rwo Mountains of Acontium and of Edylium , Edylium
joyning to'the City of the As 514 s, The place where Arche/ans Capped beareth his own Name Mouncaias,
Arthelares agen One day afrer Sy#s had changed his lodging; he left Aſsreng in his Camp
with a ; an&rwo'Cohorts, to keep the Enemies ſtall cnmered in greattrouble and
he hi in rhe ryeari /tame wen and Sacrificed by the River of Gephiſus, His Sacrifice being end-
ed, he marched towards die Ciry of C0£x0NEA , £0 take the forge he had there under Gabinizs ,
- and 16 know the Motintain alfo calted Thurium , which. the Enemies had taken. Jr isa knap of a Thurium mone
Mountain very ſteep and ſharp of all fides , with a narrow point like 4 Pine Apple , by reaſon 4#57O:thops-
whereof we do call-ir Orthopaguni: Ar the foot of the fame runneth the River called Morion, and rr A.
theres alſo the Temple of {polls Surnamed Tharixs : and they fay , that this Surnawme'of T /4r545 Apollo Thurias,
| Was
ST. F -—.
— _—
—_— _—_——
_ __ =
w_——
5 Ve
Cheron the
was given unto him of the Name of 7h«ros, who was Mother of Cherd He? and Builder
of the City of CHOERONEA. Other think that the Cow which was givet/to Cadms for a guide,
Founder of the came to him in that Place : which hath ever fince kept the'Name, for that the Phot nicians
Ciry of Chero- cal] a Cow', Thor. Now when Sy/4 came near unto CHOERONEA , the Colonell Gabinize whom
ned,
he had ſent thither with! a Garriſon to defend the ſame , went to meet bim., with. his men very well
Armed , wearing a Laurell Garland : and Sl after he had ſaluted him and his Souldiers, made an
Oration unto them , exhorting them to do their duty in fighting. And as he was in his Oration, there
came two Citizens of CHOERQNEA to him, one his Name was Omoloichxs , and the other Anaxi-
damus , who promiſed him to drive the Enemies from Mount Thurium which they had taken, if he
would but give them ſome ſmall number of Souldiers, For there was a little Path-way , which the
Barbarous People miſtruſted not beginning'at a place called Petrochus,, hard by the Temple of the
Muſes , by the which they might eaſily go to the top of this Mountain Thurium : fo that follow-
ing that Path , it would bring them over the Barbarous Peoples heads, and they might eaſily.kill them
with ſtones , or at the leaſt they ſhould drive them maugre their heads down into the Valley, Gabi-
»iws aſſuring Sy//4 that they were both very valiant men , and ſuch he might boldly cruſt unto : Sy//a
gave them men , and commanded them ro execute their enterpriſe : and he himſelf in the mean ea-
Sylla ordereth ſon went and ſet his men in order of Battell in the plain , dividing his Horſmen on the wings ,
his Bartell.
$ylla draye
Archelaus aid
from the Hill,
The force of
the Armed
+ Carts with
Sithes conſiſt
in long courſe.
placed himſelf in the right wing , appointing the left unto Mnren..- Galba and Hortenſins his Lieu-
tenants, were placed in the tail with certain bands of the rereguard, which they kept upon the Hills,
to watch and lett that the Enemies ſhould not encloſe them behind : becauſe they perceived a far
off that the Enemies put forth a great gumber of Hor{men and Footmen light Armed in the wings ,
to the end that the Points of their Battell might the more eafily bow and enlarge themſelves, to
compaſs in the Romans on' the back fide, Now in the mean time , theſe two CHotront-
ANs whom Sy/a had ent under Hircs«s their Captain ,. having compaſſed about the Mountain
Thurium , before the Enemies were aware of them , ſuddenly came to ſhew themſelves upon the top
of the Mountain , which did ſo tear the Barbarous People-, that they began immediately to flie,
one of them for the moſt part killing another. © There was no. refiſtance , but flying downthe Moun-
tains , fell upon the Points of their own Partiſants and Pikes., and one of them thruſting in anothers
neck , tumbled headlong down the Mountain'together , having their Enemies beſides on their -backs,
which drave them from the Hill, and rake them- behind where they lay open unto them : ſo as
there were flain three thouſand of - them -about this Mountain 'Thurium. And as for them that
ſought to ſave themſelves by flight, 2arens that was already fer in Bartell ray , niet with ſome, cur
them off by the way , and''flew them 'downright. The' other fled diretly to:their Camp , | and
came in great companies, thruſting into rhe' Battell of their Footmen , put the moſt part of them
quire out of order , and'marvellouſly-croubled/ rheir' Captains before they could ſer them again in
order : which was one of the chiefeſt cauſes of their overthrow. For Sy/la went and gave a charge
upon them in' this trouble and diſorder , and had quickly won the ground that was between both
Armies', whereby. be took” away. the force of all their Armed Carts with Siches, which are then of
greateſt force , when they have" the longeſt courſe , to give them a ſwift and violent ftroke in their
chaſe : whereas when their courſe is but ſhorr ,'the blow'is ſo much the weaker and of leſs ſtrength ,
even as Arrows are', that afar off enternot -deep into the- thing they be: ſhot-at : as at that time
it fell out with the Barbaroys People, Fetttheir firſt Carts fet forth ſo faincly., and came on with ſo
feeble a force, that the ROMaw's ſent them back , and eaſily repulſed them ,-with great ſlaughter ,
and clapping of hands one to another , as-they commonly: uſe inthe ordinary Games of Horle-run-
$1ll#'s confli&t ning at Rows. When they had thus repulſed the Carts, the Battell of: Sya's Footmen began
with Archelaus £0 charge the Barbarous People; who baſing their Pikes, ſtood cloſe one to.another., becauſe they +
at Thurium. would not be broken : and the 'RoMANs ,on' the other fide ;*beftowed - firſt» their Darts among
Slayes made '
them ,*and then ſuddenly drew out their Swords in the heat they, were in , and put afide the Enemies
Pikes , whereby they might come nearer to-their Bodies, There were fifteen thouſand flaves in the
front' of the Battell of rhe Barbarous People , whom Airhridates Lieutenant, had made-' free by
open Proclamation , and had divided them by bands , 'amongſt-the other Foormen. By occgſion
whereof , there was a ROWAN” Centurion ſpake pleaſantly: arithat time , ſaying, That he never ſaw
ſlaves before have liberty to ſpeak and do-like free men-,-but. onely at Sarurw's. Feaſt. Neverthe-
tree by aurhori- [eſs , they againſt the nature of (layes , were very valiant to abide the ſhock, and the ROMA N
ty of the Lieu- Footmen could not ſo readily break nor enter into them ,- nor make them give! back., becauſe they
rennts in the
. Field,
ſood very cloſe one to another , and their ranks were of ſuch a length befides;;i uncill ſuch time as the
Roma Ns that were behind the firſt ranks, 'did ſo pelt them with their ſlings;,' burling Stones, be-
ſowing their Darts and Arrows-upon theny,' that in the end they them all ig. turn 'their
backs and fly -amain. And when Archelaxs did firſt thraſt out the right wing of his Army , ſup-
poſing to encloſe the Roma ns behind, Horrenſus ſtraight 'ways cauſed the bands he had. wich
him to rurt and charge uponthe Flanks : which- Arche/ams. perceiving, made the Horſmen he had a-
bout him, tum-their faces forthwith , which were in number above two thouſand : inſomuch. as
Horten ſus being ſet upon with all his Troop,, was compelled toretire by little and lictle rowards the
Mountain”, ' perceiving himſelf far from rhe. Battell of | his Footmen.: ,-:and;., environed round
about with' his Enemies, 'Sy//a ſeeing that}, being in the right wing of his Battell, and having not
yet fonght',/ went” ſtraight to 'the reſcue'0df Hortez ſims.” But eArchelaw conjeRturing by the duſt
which the Horſes raiſed ,' what the matter was : leitt Hortenfiws. there , and with ſpeed returned
again
\
we
— — ———— — — — —— — > — ——
— ——— —
ain rowards the Tight wing of bis Enemies, from whence Sy#a was gone, hoping he had left ir
unfurniſhed of a ſufficient Captain to command. them, T axifes on the other-tide , cauſed; his
Copper Targets alſo io march againſt xrena : fo as the noile they made onÞoth lides,, cauſed
the Mountains.49\ring again , wherewithall Sy/#a ſtayed , ſtanding in doubs, which. way to ;rake.
At the laſt he reſolved to rewrn to the place from, whence he came ;-and ſent Honrenfirs with four
Enſigns to. aid Aſurens 3 and bimielf with the - fifth in. great ſpeed went-40wards' the right
wing of bis Army, the which was now already bickering , aud joyned with theix Enemies , fight»
ing band to hand with Archelaws.. By reaſon whereof, when Sy//a was. come 'With-his aid, shey
did eaſily diſtreſs them - and after they bad broken their array,, they chaſed themy Hying for.Lite
to the River, and unto the Mountain Acontium., But $y#a notwitftanding forgat-not Afzren ,
but went again to his relief : ,and finding that he; on his fide had alſo pur the Enemies to flight,
followed him with the chaſe of them thar fled. There was a marvellous ſhughter made .in that
Field of the Barbarous People , and many of them ſuppoſing to have recovered. their Camp,
were (lain by the way : ſo as of all that infinite multitude of fighting men , there eſcaped onely ten
thouſand , who ſaved themſelves by flying unto the Ciry of C HAaLciDe. Sylla for his part wri-
teth , that he could make reckoning of no more bur fourteen - of his: Souldiers onely that were (lain,
whereof there came two again to him the ſame night, Wherefore in the marks-of Triumph which
he ſet up for tokens of that Victory, he cauſed to be written on the top thereof , Adars, Vittory,
and Venws : ſignifying thereby , that he had overcome in thele. Wars as much by good fortune ,
as by force , policy, or Marriall diſcipline. Theſe marks of Triumph wete ſet: up tor the Barrell
which he wan in the plaip Field , in that place where Archela began to fie, even unto the River 1
of Molus. And he ſer up another alſo onthe rop of Mount Thurium,, where the Barbyrous People valnef E-
were ſer upon behind : and there is written in Greek Letters ;: . That the yaliant deeds of Omolei- lates.
chus and Anaxidamm, gave way to the winning of this Victory, Sy/a for the joy of this great Molus ff,
won Battell., cauſed Muſicians to Play in the City, of THzzzs , where he builded- a Stage for all
the Muſitians near unto the Fountain OEdijpus , and certain Noble /GrtEcians were appointed
Judges of that Muſick , whorn he cauſed to be-ſent for” out of other Cigies, becauſe he mortally ha-
ted the THEBANS : infomuch as he rook from them half rheix Lands , which the conſecrated unto
ot Mithridates
Licentenants.
The field was
eA pollo Pythias, and Jupirer Olympias,appointing that of the revenue thereof , they ſhould redeliver 4pollo Pythias.
and pay back the Money which he had caken and carried away irom- out of their Temples. Sy{araf- Fiter Om-
ter this having intelligence that/ Flaccrs, one of his Enemies ; was choſen Conifull at Roms, and ro ih
had paſſed the Sea lonium with an Army , under pretence to-tnake War againſt King 2ithridates, (ull went a= ©
but. indeed ro make Wan with himſelf + took: his journey towards THESSALY to meet him, gainſt $Uls.
But when he was in the City of MEL1T Ea, there came News to him our of. all parts, that there
was a;new and ſecond Army of the Kings arrived ,no lefs then: the firſt , the which ſpoiled and
deſtroyed: all, che; Countrey whictr he had lefs behind him, For Porylaw one! of King Aithri- Porilaus Mi-
dates Lieutenants ,. was arrived-in the City of C#A Lc1DE with a.great fleer: of Ships, havi —_ Ons
brought thather with him fourſcore ghouſand fighting men , jhe-beſt trained , the beſt Armed and $\ULe. _
* appointed Souldiers that were in all his Kingdom. of PoxnTus wi As1A : ahd from thence went
into BOEOT 1A, had all that Countrey at commandment , and fought co fight with Sy//a: , norwith-
ſtanding that Archelaus alledged many reaſons to _diffwade him from i: : and furthermore, gave it
out in every place, that ſo many thouſand of Souldiers.could not -baye been caſt away in the firſt Bat-
rel], without ſome notable trealon, Whereupon' $y/{a-returned with all poſlible ſpeed; and made Dory-
law know before many days paſſed over bis head,, that Arche/awe was a wile man, and knew well
enough the worthineſs and valiant- courage of the ROMANS. , And Dorylaws having had but a
lictle proof onely'in certain light skirmiſhes which 'he made againſt Sy/la, about T112Host0N
in-TH4zSSALY : himſelf was the firſt chat could ſay then , it was not for them to hazard Bartell,
but rather to draw our the Wars in length, and ſupplant the Roma xs with charge and expence.
And yet notwithſtanding , the commoduy of the great large plain that lyeth all abour Ox cn0-
MENE , Where they were encamped , gave great encouragement to Arche/axs , who, judged it a very
fir place to give Baucel} in , ſpecially becauſe be was the ſtronger of Horſmen in the Field. For all che ,,, noadly
Plaines that are within the Countrey of BoxorT 14 ; the greateſt and largeſt of them, is the plain p!2in before
near to the City of ORcHoMENE, which is altogather without Trees , and rufneth out in length the City of
unte the Marſhes where the River of Melas diſperſeth it felf abroad. The head of the ſame River Orchomene. .
is not tar from the City of ORcnOMENE , and that River of all other Rivers of G&EEcE, from — =
the yery head whence it cometh, is navigable : and hath beſides another fingular property , that it ri- ;,.. hereof:
{ech and ſwelleth inthe longeſt Summer days , as the River of Nilus doth, and btingeth forth che
ſelf ſame Plants and Trees , {faving that they bear- no Fruit, neither are they {6 great as thole of
&AGy ett. Fhis: River hathno long courſe , becauſe that the moſt part of the Water runnech into
lakes and Maxiſhes covered with Brambles and Briars, and there' is but a very little part of it that fal-
techinto the River-bf Cephiſus, in the place that the Reeds grow where they make good Flutes wirh-
-all. When they were eamped one near to another , Archelaw lay quietly and Rtirred not : but Sylla
preſently caſt great Trenches from; one fide to another , to ſtop the way againſt their Enemies , char
they could not come into that great plain, where they might have taken what ground they would tor
their men of Arms, and have driven the ROMa ns. into the Mariihes, The Barbarous People not
being able to endure thar,, ſo ſoon as their Captains had given zhem liberty , diſcharged with ſuch
a.ſury-, that they did nor onely fcatier them har wrought in S3//4's Trenches , but put rhe moſt part
of
Sylli's ViRtory
.
298 $ 7LL 4.
of their guard alſo that ſtood in Battell ray to defend them, in a marvelſohs Tar”
Fa +: m6 be art
to fly, Which/Sy/a perceiving”, lighted ftraight from his Horſe, and taking ah Enſign in his wr,
ran th the middeft of his men' that fled ; untill he came to his Enemics';-and crying out ,
Syltz's words (aid unto ; O my Roman Souldiers , mine Honour commandeth me to die here ; and there-
> nngg his fore when any. man asketh you where you forſook your Captain ; remember that' you anſwer ;
= "It wasatQRcHOMENE. They were' fo. aſhamed at theſe words, that he made them turn : be-
ſidesthat, there came two Cohorts unto him from the right wing of his Battell, who under his leading .
gave ſuch a hot charge upon their Enemies ; that they fled forthwith upon it. . That done , $y4,
retired with his men , and made them dine : and thereupon by and by ſet them again to the Tren-
ches to encloſe his Enemies Camp', who then came out in better order then they did before.
Diogencs There was Diogenes, Archelaus Wives Son ſlain , fighting valiantly before them all ; in the
lain, right wing of their Battell, And the bow=men being preſſed ſo near by the Romans , thar
their Bowes would do no good , took their Arrows in their hands in ſtead of Swords , and ſttake
their Enemies with them , to force them to give back, untill ſuch time as at the laſt they were all
driven into their Camp, where they paſſed os night in great ſorrow , as well for the loſs of them
that were lain , as alſo for the number of thoſethat were hurt. The next morning , Sy/laleading
his men again towards the Camp of his Enemies , went on till continuing his Trenches : and
certain 6t them being come out to skirmiſh with them , he ſet upon them ſo luftily , that at the firſt
;.... Charge he put them to flight. That brought ſuch a fear to all the whole Camp of the Enemies ,
m_ = 2 thatnota man durſt abide any longer : ſo as Sy/a valiantly following on his Victory , ſhuffled in a-
dune Licos. Mong them-as they fled , and in the end took altogether. Straightway all the Mariſhes were filled
nanes in Or- With bloud, and the lake full of dead Bodies: ſo that untill this preſent day they find there in that
obomene. place many Bows of the Barbarous People , Morians, pieces of Taſſes, and Swords drowned in
the mud of the: Mariſhes , notwithſtanding that it is well-near two hundred years ago fince this
Syliz orercame Bartell was ftricken, And thus much for -the Wars about” the Cities of ChotxRoONEA and
rand ORrcHOMENE. Now the Wars being paſt in this ſort in GrEtct , Cinna, and\Carbo dealt
Bartels, az Very cruelly and unnaturally at ROME with the Noblemen and greateſt Perſons: by reaſon whereof,
Cheronea and many flying their Tyranny , went to 'Sy/a's Camp , asunto the Haven of their health and fulneſs
ar Orchomens. of -felicity , ſo-chat in ſhort time Sys had an Aſſembly of a Roa n Senate about him, Merelis
her ſelf, his Wife , having ſtolea away very hardly with her Children, came to'bring him News
that his Houſes in the City and Countrey both , were all burnt and-deſtroyed by his Enemies : pray-
ing him that he-would go and help them that yet remained at Rome. Sy/la upon hearing of theſe
News , fell in greatperplexity. For onthe one fide, it grieved him to ſee his Countrey ſo miſerably
afflicted : and /on- the other fide , he knew not well how he might go , leaving ſo great an enterpriſe
as that war was, and ſpecially againſt a King of ſuch mightand Power as Mitbridates ſhewed
bimſelf to be, And being in- theſe dumps, there came one Archel/igs a Merchantto him , born
in the City of DEL1uM , who brought him a ſecret meſſage from the other Arche/aw, King
Mithridates Lieutenant : the which pleaſed Sy/a ſo well, that he defired that Archelaws and him-
ſelf might meet and talk together. So at the length they met by -the Sea fide, near unto the *
Talk betwixz City of DEL1um , where there is a Temple of Apollo. Archelans began to enter the talk with
Sylls and Ar- him , declaringunto Sy{a, that he would wiſh him to leave the Conqueſt of As1Aa , and of the
ebelans ar their Realm of Pox'T ';"and 'ro return into his Countrey to the civill Wars at ROMt: and in ſo do-
SO ing , the King would furniſh him, not onely with as much Money, bot with as many Ships and men,
as he himſelf-would deſire. $y//a upon this motion told him+again , that he would wiſh him to
forſake Mithridates ſervice , and to make himſelf King , offering to Proclaim him a friend and con-
federate' of theRomans , ſo that he would deliver him all the Navy which theh he had in his
hands. Arche/ag ſeemed much to abhor to hear him ſpeak of treaſon. But *Syl/x going on
with his tale , replied again unto him : Why Archelars , ſaid he, thou: that art a Cay PADOCIAN,
and Servant to a Barbarous King , or his Friend at the leaft : haft. thou ſo good a heart withthee,
that fox all the benefits I offer rhee , thou wilt not once commit an ill a& ? And art thou indeed
ſo bold to ſpeak to me of treafon, which am the Roma Ns. Lieutenant Generall ,. and $5/la?
As if thou wert not he, thar at the Battell of CHozxoNEa didft fave thy ſelf by flying, with
2 ſmall number left thee of fix ſcore thoufand fighting men , which thou before had mthy Camp :
| and that hid thy ſelf two days together in- the Marithes of Oxcnomzxe , leaving the Fields of
BozoT1A With ſuch heaps of dead Bodies , that no man could paſs for them'? "Affeer this re-
ply , Archelaw altered his ſpeech , and falling down at Sy//a's feet , humbly "befought him to end
this War, and to make Peace with ;thridates. Whereunto Sylla anfwered-;,*that he was very
well contented withall, -And thereupon Peace was concluded between thetn under conditions : that
Mithridates ſhould depart from A $14 the leſs , and from Pa y1. a GoNta, that he ſhould reſtore
Peace concly- BITHY N14 unto. Nicomedes , and Cary aDo0cta unto Ariobarzanes, that he ſhould pay rwo
ded berwixt © thouſand Talents to the Romans ; and give them threeſcore and ten Gallies , with all their Furnt-
Sylla and Ar- tyre, And upon this, Sy/la would alſo affure him the reſt of his Realm t.and would cauſe him to be
chelaus in Mi- proclaimed a friend of the Rowa ns. Theſe Articles being paſt by agreement betwixt them , Sy/l
#ridaterbealt king his j through Thzs$aLy and MactDoN, into rhe Countrey of HELLESPONT,
upon condirti- ng agen Aro yy | : 9 _
ons, carried Archelaw with him, whom he honourably intreated. For Archelax falling dangerouſly fiek
_ of adiſeaſe in the City of Lax1$s5A , he ſtayed there for him, and was very careful to recover him,
as if he had been one of his chiefeſt Captains and Companions. And this was the cauſe _
| TERULAIH
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Barrell of CHo8RONEA, as if he had not faithfully fought it
nor $ylla rrulys a5 by treaſon. And again , Archel1%4 was the more letes * —_ Arche! |
Sylla redelivered Mithrigates all his Servants and Friends which he had Priſoners , ſaving the Tyrant ipc - _ ſu- -
eAriſtion that kept ATH8Ns , whom be poyſoned , becauſe he was Archr/as Enemy : but ſpecially on, wo |
for the Lands Sy/a gave unto this CaryPA yoctan,. For he gave him tenthouſand Jugera , ( or 4'/#on Ty. |
Acres of Land ) within the Iſle of Euzota , and gave him more over thetitle of a Friend of the Ko. ***.*f 4ihens, |
MANS for ever, But Sy/a denyeth all theſe things in his Commentaries. in the mean time /% "I by
Ambaſſadors came from King 4:hridates unto Sy4e, who told him that the King their Maſter did "Y |
ratifie and accept all the Articles of Peace , laving that he onely prayed him he would not take the Nitividanges. |
Countrey of PAPpHLAGONIA from him : and as for the Gallies, he would not fo much as once lay nt |
he would protniſe them. $y//a being offended herewith, angerly anſwered them again : Then Mi —
thridares ( as ye ſay ) meaneth to keep Pa yHLAGONIA Rtill , and refuſeth ro give the Ships I de-
manded : where 1 looked that he would have burably thanked me on his knees , if I left him his right
hand onely , with the which he put fo many Roman Citizens to death. But 1 hope to make him
tell me another Tale , if I come once imo A$1A : but now at PxkGAmus , lie ſpeaketh his plea-
ſure of this War which he hath not ſeen. The Ambaſſadours being afraid of his words, replied
not again, Whereupon Ar chelar ſpake , and beſought him with tears in his eyes to be conented,
and rook him by the hand, By intreaty , in the end he obtained of $y/la to fend him unto Ar- 4rchetiu: ſent
thridates: promiſing that he would either bring him to agree to all the Articles and conditions of from $Syllzr9
Peace that he demanded , or if be could not, he would kill himſelf with his own bands. Upon #fitbridates.
this promiſe Syi/a ſent him away , and in the mean while entred with his Army into the Countrey
of MEDicA: and after he had deſtroyed the moſt part thereof, returned back again into Mac x
DoN , Where Archelaws being returned fro AMithridater , found him near unto the City of
PH1l1PPES, bringing him News that all ſhould be well : howbeit that his Maſter Mithrid tes
prayed him he might ſpeak with him in any caſe. Now the matter that made A2ithridares
ſo earneſt to ſpeak with F$yi/e , was chiefly tor Fimbria : who having flain Flaccws the Con- SW.
ſull , being of the contrary tation unto Sytla , and certain of Afithridates Lieucenants alſo, | j Fi
went himfelf _=_ him co fight with him. Afithridates fearing his coming, chofe rather to make |
himfelf Sy/la's riend, So Mithridares and Sylla met together in the Countrey of TROADE, in
the City of Daxbans, Mithridates being accompanied with a fleer of two hundred ſale of Ships Sylls and 213.
with Oars at Sea , with rwenty thouſand Footmen, fix thouſand Horſe , and a number of Armed thridates meer
Carts with Sithes beſides by Land, S7/la having onely but four Enſigns of Footmen, and two ** P4rdaze, =
hondred Horſinen, Adrbridares went to Sy/ls, and offering to take him by the hand : Sy/la asked
him firſt , if he did accept the Peace with the conditions which Archelaus had agreed unto, Mi The ſtourneſs
thridatts made him no anſwer, Sy//4 following on his Tale , ſaid unto him : It is for futers to ſpeak =
firſt, that have requeſt tro make : and for Conquerours, it is enough to hold their peace , and hear excuſeth hin-
what they will ſay. Then began Mirhridares to excuſe himielf, ahd to lay the occaſion of the War, ſelf ro5yll4, *
partly vpon the ordinance of rhe gods that ſo had appointed it , and partly alſo upon the Roma xs 9's anſwer
Dmithve, Whereunto $ylla replyed., that he had heard of long time that 2ſithri 4ares was an Elo- O—_— .
vent Prince , ahd that he knew it now by —_— » ſeeing that he lacked no comely words to cloke King of Bj
his foul and ſhamefull deeds : but withall he ſharply reproved him , and drave him to confeſs thyais. =
the cruelties he had committed, And afterwards asked him again, if he did confirm that which 4riobarqanes
Arthelaus bad done. Aithridates , made anſwer, that he did. Then $y{la faluted , embraced, King of Cap-
and kifſed him : and calling for the Kings Nicomedes and Ariobarzanxes , reconcited them to- —
her , and made AMithridates their friend again, In conclufion, after Afithridates bad delivered
Sylle threefcore and ten Gallies , and five hundred Bow-men, he returned by Sea into his Realm
of PoxTus, But $y/l4 hearing that his Souldiers were angry with this Peace made with Af:- A hundred and
thridates, becauſe they could not abide to behold that King,whom they accounted for their moſt cruell fifty thoutand
and mortall Enemy , ( having in one ſelf day cauſed a bundred and fifry thouſand Roma x Citizens ******: ain
to be-{lain , that werediſperſed abroad in divers places of As14 ) fo to depart, and go his way ſafe, = by _
;
1
bl
3
- with the riches and ſpoils of the Countrey , which he had bereft them of, and uſed at his pleaſure , thridates com-
h | the ſpate of forty years together + anſwered them in excuſe of himfelf, that he was not able to T*ndmenc,
mgke Wars with Aithridates , and Fombria both, if once they were joyned together againſt bim, Findels
f And ſo $yila departing thence werit againſt Fimbria, who then was encamped near to the City of op
| Thy41t1R Azand himſelf as near unto him as he conveniently might. Noi whileſt he was
4 compaſimg iy his ing with a Trench , Fimbrid's Souldiers came our of their Camp in their p;nbric Naim: bb.
Coats w any Armour or Weapon, to falure © 7//4's Souldiers , and holp them very friendly \o
2 to make up their Trench ; which Fimbrie ſeeing , and perceiving his Souldiers minds ſo changed, of $yla very j
a extrean fear which be had of $y//a , at whoſe hands he looked for no mercy , killed himſelf b»rdly incren- 7H
7 in his own Canp, $3{/a hereupon condemned che whole Countrey of As14 the lels, to pay the > oo o Ut |
- ſum 6f rwenty Talents amongſt chem , and preſently alſo he undid many poor Houſ- * * * i |
te holders through his infolent_Souldiers , lying long upon their charge , which he lett in Garriſon |
la there. For he ordained chat everySlouſholder ſhould give the Souldier that lodged in his Houſe,
« four Tetradrachunas 4 day, and be bound to give him and hisfriends ( as many as he would
Gel bring wich hin ) their Supper alſo : and that every Captain ſhould have fifry —_ aday,
was 2 night Gown for the Houſe , and a Garment to go abroad into the City when he thought good,
— Whett be had given this order, he departed from the City of Ey4 s5us with all his flee , and in three
days
* " "i 5
__
bh ———————
4.00 | | SYL L .
days ſayling- arrived in the Haven of Pizza at ATHENs , when
Ariſtotle and ternity of the Myſteries, and reſerved for himſelf the Library of ' App Foes: mm he-whict
p yirefas were the moſt patt of Ariſftorle and Theophraſtus Works , not then thought meet 'ro come in
; every mans hands, And they ſay , thatthis Library being brought to Ros , Tyranxion:the Gram-
marian found the means to extra&t a great part of them : and that Andromew the RH0D1 an
having recovered the originals into his hands, publiſhed them , and wrote the ſummaries which we
have at this preſent : For the ancient Peripatetick Philoſophers were of themſelves. very Wiſe and
Learned men, but they had not all Arifories Works , nor Theophraſtus amongft them, and yet thoſe
few they had , were not by them {een all whole .and perfe& together : becauſe that the goods of N-
lew SCEPSIAN ( to whom Theophraſtus left all his Books by will ) came to fall into the hands of
mean ignorant men , who knew not the Vertue and eſtimation of them. And furthermore, $y44
being at ATHENS , had ſuch a pain and numneſs in his Leggs , and was ſo heavy withall , that
Strabo calleth it a ſpice of the gout , that is to ſay , a feeling or entring thereinto, which then began
$ylla went to T0 root and take hold of him, Upon which occaſion he took the Seas , and went unto a place cal-
the Bathes az led AND1PSUM , Where there are naturall hot Bathes : and there remained a while ſolacing him-
Adipſumtor ſelf all the day long with Muſick , ſeeing of Playes , and entertaining ſuch kind of People, Upon a
- gout in his q2y as he walking by the Sea fide, certain Fiſher-men made him a Preſent of Fiſh ;which pleaſed him
nat marvellous well : and demanding of them whence they were : they anſwered him again , that they
were of the City of ALzs. What? of Arzs ſaid he : is there any of them yer left alife ? ſpeaking
it , becauſe that after the Battell of OxcHomENns, when he followed the chaſe of his Enemies , he
had taken and deſtroyed three Cities of Boz0T1A all at one ſelf time, to wit , ANTHzDON,
LarymNna,and ALES, The poor Fiſher-men were ſo amazed with theſe words, that they ſtood
ſit}, and could not tell what to ſay, Sy/a fell a laughing thereat, and bad them go their ways a
Gods Name, and not be afraid , for they brought no ſmall interceſſours with them,which were worth
the reckoning of, When Sy//a had given them theſe words, the AL&1an s went home with a mer-
ry heart , to gather themſelves together again in their City. $Sy//a ſo paſſing through Txt s $a ty
and MACEDON , came to the Sea fide , intending to go from the City of DyxRacHium unto
Bubbles of fire BxunDus1uM with a hundred and twenty fail. . The Ciry of ApOLLoN1A is bard by DyrRa cal-
riling out of & yy, and thereabouts is a Park conſecrated unto the Nymphs , where in a fair goodly green Meadow,jn
_ oy many places there cemeth out great bubbles of Fire that Flame continually : and it is ſaid, that there
ASarvre coken WASA Saryre taken fleeping , even in the very ſelf ſame form the Painters and Image-gravers have ſer
yre ta .
fleepingand him out, He was brought unto Sy/la, and being asked by all ſorts of Interpreters what he was, he
broughcro $yf- made no anſwer that a man could underſtand , bur onely put forth a ſharp voice like the neying of a
_ Horſe , or whinning of a Goat, Syl/a wondering at it, abhorred him , and made him to be carri-
ed from him as a monſtrous thing. Furthermore, when Sy/la had imbarked his men to paſs the Sea,
he was afraid that ſo ſoon at they had landed inITALy , they.would ſhrink from him, and every
man go home to his own City. But they ſware and promiſed firſt of themſelves , that they would
tarry and keep together, and by their wills would do no hurt in ITa.y. Moreover, perceiving
Sylle wenta. Fhat be ſtood in need of Money , they offered him of theirs, and every man to lend him as his abiliry
eainft fifteen ferved. But Sy/la would none , yet thanked them for their good will : and after he had exhorted
Generals, and them: to fight like Valiant Souldiers , he went againſt fifteen Generals of Armies of his Enemies,
four Hundred who had four hundred and fifry Enſigns of Footmen well Armed , as he. himſelf writeth in his
OP E2- Commentaries, But the gods promiſed him good fortune in his Wars , by many ſundry apparent
+ ſigns, For ina Sacrifice he made by TaRENTum , after he was come on Land , the Liver of a
into Italy. = Certain Beaſt ſacrificed, was altogether faſhioned after the manner -of a Crown or Garland of
Epheum Mons. Lawrell , out of the which did hang two Bands or Rolles. And a little before he yent into Cam py a-
NIA, near unto the Mountain Epheum , there appeared two great Goatsin the day time fighting
Syle.overhrew together, even as two men do when they fight ; which nevertheleſs was no matter of truth , but a"
= _ Viſion onely that appeared, and riſing from che Earth , diſperſed it ſelf by little and little bere and
Marius the therein the Ayr, and in the end vaniſhed quite away as Clouds which' come to nothing, Shortly after,
younger, near in the ſelf ſame place, -farims the younger , and Norbayws the Conſull, who brought two great Ar-
to the Moun- mies againſt him, were overthrown by him, before he had ſet his men in Bartell , or had appointed any
ry _—_ man in his place where he ſhould fight : and this proceeded onely upon the courage and Life of his
ſheweth $y4p?s Souldiers , whoſe good will to ſerve againſt them was ſuch , as following this YiRory, herompelled
ViRtory,and the Conſull No-banus after he had (lain fix thouſand of his men , to take the City of Cavya for his
the burning of refuge. This Noble exploit ( as himſelf reported ) was the cauſe that his men kept ſo well together,
the Capitol], that they went neither home ro their Houſes, nor made any reckoning of their Enemies, although
_ ll out they were many againſt one. And he ſaith furthermore, that in the City of -$1Ly 11M , there was 3
F ſlave of one Pontins a Citizen , who being inſpired with a Propheticall Spirit, came to tel] bim from
the goddeſs Bellona , that he ſhould grow in ſtrength , and carry away the Victory of theſe Wars :
howbeit that if he did not hie him the ſooner , the Capitoll at Ros ſhould be burnt, And ſo it fell
A.wind that out the ſame day according to his words, being the fixreenth day of the Monerh called 2»;nri/«,and
blew Flowers now 7=ly. And furthermore alſo , L«cu/lus ( one of Sylla's ins ) being near unto the City
= of __ of FI1DENT1A with fixteen Enfigns onely , againſt fifty pq ky bis Enemies , knowing his men
cullug Fouldices ©O be very well affected to ſerye , becauſe the moſt part of them were naked and unarthed , was a-
by the City of fraid to hazard the Bartell : and as he was even bethinking himſelf what was beſt to determine there-
Fidentia, of, there roſe alittle wind out of a goodly Meadow, that blew a wonderfull ſort of Rogier vwanen
| OuIRIETS
"lb ers ſtaied of themſelves as they fell ; ſome upon their : | 3
& without falling to the gronnd : ſo that it ſeemed to their ene- A]
Sarlands of Flowers upon their heads; This made Lacullxs ſoul- vi
x > lufl ya gri deal t were before, and with this good will they determined to
4c ai wrx6n _ - Lucullns victo-
heir enemies : whom they overthrew , ſlew eighteen thouſand of them in the ry at Fidentia.
overthrew the Kings Mithridates and T zgranes. Nevertheleſs, Sylla perceiving that his enemies lay | J |
paiſſenc Armies, thought good to uſe policy with force : and A
it ; and thereupon were oft meetings | af
fion of the peace as long as he could, ſtill ſeeking occaſion of delay, to the end that his ſouldiers which i |
: : . F . Sylla's policy ' Mr
' converſant with them , Rraight corrupted ſome of them with ready money, other with promiſes, and with $cipis.
ceaſed long before ) warning his Son that he ſhould come to him. Syll for this reſpe& deſi pognn”
But when he had given the fignall to lodge, and that they began to trench and fortifie their Camp, f
Marimxs the younger cometh on horſeback marching bravely before all his company , hoping to haye
ſurpriſed his enemies in diſorder , and by that means to have overthrown them eaſily, Bur tax other- "Ay
wiſe did fortune then perform.the Revelation which $y{{a had 1n his foreſaid dream : for his men fall- 18
| ing ina rage withall, left their work in the Trench where they wrought , ſtuck their darts upon the RU
| bank , ran upon their enemies with their ſwords drawn, and with a marvellous cry fet upon them ſo 4 x
, valiantly, thatthey were not able to reſiſt their fury”, but ſuddenly turned cheir backs and fled , where Wi
, there was a great and notable ſlaughter made of them. Marixs their Captain fled to the City of a fi
- PREANESTE, where he found the Gates ſhut : burthey threw bim down a Rope from the wall, j
which he tyed about his middle, and ſo wastriced up by it. Yet ſome writers ſay, and Feneftella among acriue fied to Wo.
; other, that Marine never ſaw the battell : for being wearied with labour, and very ſleepy; he lay under Prenefte. lbs
1 ſome tree in the ſhadow to reſt a little, after he had given the ſignal and word of the battell, and ſlept ſo . nn
>, ſoundly, that he could ſcant awake with the noiſe and flying of his men, Syl/a himſelf writerh, that he 41.80
a loſt at this batcell but three and twenty men, ſlew twenty thouſand of his enemies, and took eight thou- 2169
. fand priſoners, 'His Licutenants alſo had the like good fucceſs in other places, Pompeins, Craſſus, ah
, Metellus, and Servilizs : which without any loſs of their men, or but with a very {mall, overthrew |
Þ many great mighty Armies of their enemies, Inſomuch as Carbo, the head and chiet of all the contra- 448
y ry fa&tion, and he that moſt maintained it, fled one night out of his Camp, and went beyond the feas : WW
is into Arx1cx, The laſt battell that Sy/la had , was againſt Theleſinus SAMN1TE , who coming 4f _ — by 4"
d like a freſh Champion to ſet upon him , when he was already wearied and had fought many barrels, had ©? © _ a
us almoſt Nlain him even at Rome Gates, For Theleſinss baving gathered together a great number of Thelefnus the "i
Ty ſouldiers, with one Lamponius LucANIAaN , Warched with all ſpeed towards the Ciry of Pr a- $mnire pur WM.
ph NESTE., todeliver Aſarins the younger that was beſieged there, Bur underſtanding that Sylfz on $7" > great "ill
| 2 the other ſide camie in gfeat hafte alſo ro meer him, and that Pomporius came behind him on the other **"5*7* 47 |
"mM fide; and perceiving moreover that the way was ſo ſhut up , that he could go neither forward nor : 197
= backwar@, being a valiant ſouldier, and one that had been in many great foughten fields , moſt 1h
ell dangerouſly ventured to go ftraight ro Roz. And ſo ftole away by night with all his whole vi
nd power, ,” and marching to Rox s-ward, had almoſt taken it at his firſt. coming , for that there was FH!
uy neither watch nor ward kepy : but he ſtayed happily ten furlongs from the Gare Collina, brag- » | i
heſl ging with himſelf, and believing that he ſhould 'do wonders , for that he had mocked fo many | |
bo great Captains. The next morning betimes came divers young Noblemen and Gentlemen [/
ere- out of the City to skirmiſh with Theleſinxs : who flew a great number of them , and among 0+ {|
= | M m thers | |
ers |
Wake
"LF hi,
=
| $ ; $4
" ” - 4 od
+4 4
402
others one .Appiies ( laudins a young Gentleman of a Noble toul
( as you may eaſily imagine ) the City trembled for fear, and eſpecially the » who
ing , and running up and down, as if they had been all taken, But in this "grear" Tear and"rrouble
Bulbus ( whom Syla bad ſent ) came firſt with ſeven hundred horſe upon che {pur , and ſtaying but a
little to cool and give them breath, bridled ſtraight again, and went to ſet upon the enemies, thereby to
ſtay them, Soon after him came Sy#aalſo , who commanded his men that came firſt, quickly ts car
ſomewhat, arid that done , put them ſtraight in bartell ray : notwithſtanding that Dolabela and
Torquatus perſwaded him to the contrary , and beſought him not to put his ſouldiers wearied with
their journey , to ſo great and manifeſt a danger : and the rather , becauſe they had not to fight with
| Carbo and eMarins, but with the SAmniTEs and Lucans who were both warlike Nations
and good ſouldiers , and thoſe beſides that moſt deadly hated the Romans. But for all that , Sylls
ſent them back, and commanded his Trumpets to ſound the Alarm, being almoſt within tour
hours of night : and this battell was ſharper and more cruell , then any other that ever he fought
before. The right wing where Craſſus was, had the better much : but the left wing was very ſore
diſtreſſed , and ſtood in great perill. Sy//a hearing thereof, and thinking to help it, got up upon
Sylla's danger. a white courſer that was both ſwift and very ſtrong. The enemies knew him, and there were two
that lifted up their Arms to throw their darts at him, whom he ſaw not : but his Page gave his
horſe ſuch a laſh with his whip , that he made him ſo to gird forward, as the very points of the
darts came hard by the horſe tale and ſtuck faſt in the ground. Some ſay , that Sy/la had a little gol-
den image of Apollo , which he brought from the Ciry of DEL ynos, and in time of wars wore
it alwaies in his boſom , which he then rook in his band, and killing it, ſaid ; O Apollo Pythias,
haſt thou ſo highly exalted Cornelizs Sylla , 1o fortunate hitherto through ſo many famous victories,
and wilt thou now with ſhame overwhelm him wholly , even at the very Gates of his own naturall
City among his Countreymen? And fo crying out to Apollo for help , thruſt into the preaſe among
his men, intreating ſome, rhreatning others, and laying upon the reſt to ſtay them. But for all he could
1 do, all the left wing of his Army. was broken and overthrown by his enemies : and himſelf a-
Ole fied, mongſt them that fled , was compelled to recover his Camp with ſpeed , having loſt many of his
friends and familiars. There were moreover many Citizens (lain and troden under feet-( beth with
horſe and men ) that came onely to ſee the battell fought : ſo that they within the City thoughe
themſelyes verily undone. Lucretiu Offella furthermore ( he that beſieged Aarim in che Ciry of
— -— «of PRENESTE ) had almoſt raiſed his ſiege , upon the words of them that fled and came thither trom
a _ Dom. the battell, who wiſhed him to remove with all ſpeed poſlible, for $yUz was ſlain , and Theleſinus
neſte. had taken Rowe, Now about midnight came certain fouldiers from Craſſzs to Sylla's Camp, and
In the end of asked for meat tor Craſſus ſupper, and his mens , who having chaſed his flying enemies whom he bad
Meriuslite it is gyerthrown unto the Ciry of ANTEMNA ( which they took for refuge) had lodged his Camp
= 45 tu *,. there. Syla underſtanding that , and being advertiſed that the moſt part of his enemics were over-
labeieged nf thrown at this battell, went himſelf rhe next morning betimes unto ANTEMNA , where three
rius the youn- thouſand of his enemies ſent to know if he would: receivethem to mercy if they yeelded themſelves
ger in Feruþa, ynto him. His anſwer was , that he would pardon their lives, ſo as they would do ſome miſchief to
_ not in their fellows before they came to him. Theſe three thouſand hereupon truſting to his promiſe, fell
raneſte. : . a d "ax.
Three thou- UP0N their companions : and for the moſt part one of them killed another. Notwithſtanding $yl-
ſand ſaved U4 having gathered all thoſe together that remained of his enemies, as well the three thouſand , as
themſelyes in the reſt, amounting in all ro the number of fix thouſand , within the ſhew-place where they uſed
_ =_ ro run their horſes : whileft he himſelf held a councell in the Temple ;of the goddeſs Beona,
” ng mona and was making his Oration there, he had appointed certain to ſer upon thoſe fix thouſand , and pur
miſeof life, them ro the ſword every man. Great and terrible were the cries of ſuch a number of men (lain in
Sylla againſt fo ſmall a room, as may eaſily be conjectured : inſomuch as the Senators fitting in councell heard
= Law - them very eaſily , and marvelled what the matter was, But Sy#a continuing on his Oration which
mc ce be had begun with a ſet ſteady countenance , without changing of colour , willed them onely to
prom1 e caule . . .
fix thouſand hearken what he ſaid, and not to trouble themſelves with any thing done abroad , for they were
mento be ſlain but certain offenders and leud perſons that were puniſhed by his commandment, This was enough
to ſhew the ſimpleſt Roman in Roms, that they had but onely changed the Tyrant, and not
the tyranny, Now for Marixs, that had ever been of a churliih and ſevere nature , even from
his childhood, he never changed for any authority, but did rather harden his naturall tubborneſs.
Where Sy{a contrarily in the beginning , was very modeſt and civill in all his proſperity , and gave
great good hope , that if he came to the Authority of a Prince , he would favour Nobility well,
and yer love notwithſtanding the benefir of the people. And being moreover a man in his youth
Honour chan« $1VE 0 all pleaſure, delighting ro laugh , ready to pitry , and weep for tender heart : in that he
geth conditions Became after ſo cruell and bloudy , the great alteration gave manifeſt cauſe to condemn the increaſe
Syllathe ex- of honour and authority , as the onely means whereby mens manners continue not ſuch as they were
ample. at the firſt, but ſtilldo change and vary , making ſome fools , others vain and phantaftical] , and
| _— mir> others extream cruell and unnaturall. 'But whether that alteration of nature came by changing
thers commir- , . h" : : | :
ted in Rome by [1s ſtare and condition , or that it was otherwiſe a violent breaking out of hidden malice , which
$yllaand his then came to ſhew it ſelf, when the way of liberty was laid open : this matter is to be decided
fayourers. in ſome other Treatiſe, So ir came to paſs, that Sy{/a tell to ſhedding of bloud , and filled all
Rome with infinite and unſpeakable murthers : for divers were killed for private quarrells , that
had nothing to do with Sy/a at any time , who ſuffered his friends and thoſe about him ro work
tic
- . = ”_»
= J'* % pl .
'S-
Lucretius Of-
_ ME _. _.. A. ee Cr ri Eros
7 y LL 4
4.03
their wicked wills : untill at the length there was a young man called Caizs Metellus, that was ſo
bold to ask Sy{/a in open Senate , when all theſe miſeries thouid end , and when they thould know
that all the mileries were finiſhed the which they daily ſaw. For, ſaid he, we will not intreat you to
pardon life , where you have determined death : but onely to put them out of doubt whom you
have determined to ſave. Whereunto Sy{/a made anſwer , that he was not reſolved whom he would
ſave, Metellus replyed , Then tell us ( quoth he ) who they are that ſhall die. Sy{a anſwered, he
would. Howbeit ſome ſay, it was not Aerellus, but Arfidius one of his fatterers, that ſpake this
laſt word unto him. Wherefore Sy{a immediately , without making any of the Magiſtrates privy,
cauſed fourſcore mens names to be let up upon poſts , whom he would put to death; Every man be-
ing offended with all , the next day following he ſet up two hundred and twenty mens nawes more :
and likewiſe the third day as many more. Hereupon, making an Oration to the people , he told them
openly, that he appointed all them. ro die , that he could call ro remembrance : howbeit that hereaf-
ter he would appoint them that ſhould die , by days, as he did call them tro mind. Whoſoever ſa-
ved an Outlaw in his houſe , for reward of his kindneſs, he himſelf was comdemned to die ; not ex-
cepting them thar had received their Brothers , their Sons , their Fathers , nor Mothers. And the re-
ward of every homicide and murtherer that killed one of che Outlaws, was two Talents ; though ir
were a ſlave that had killed his Maſter , or the Son that had (la'n the Father, But the moſt wicked and
unjuſt AR of all was , that he deprived the Sons, and Sons Sons of them whom he had killed , Of all
credit and good name , and beſides that , had taken all their goods as confiſcate, And this was nox
onely done in RoME, bur alſo in all the Cities of ITALY throughout : and there was no Temple of any
god whatſoever , no Altar in any bodies houſe : no |:berty of Hoſpitall, nor Fathers houſe, that was
not embrued with bloud and horrible murther, For the Husbands were ſlain in their Wives arms ,
and the children on their Mothers laps : and yer they which were (lain for private hatred and malice,
were nothing in reſpe& of thoſe that were murthered onely for their goods. And they that killed
them, might well ſay , His goodly great houſe made that man die, his goodly fair Garden the other,
and his hot Bathes another. As amongſt others , Quintas Aurelizs , a man that never medled with
any thing, and leaſt looked that thele evils ſhould light upon him, and that onely pitied thoſe
which he ſaw ſo miſerably murthered, went one day into the Market-place, and reading the Bill ſer up
of the Outlaws names, found his own name amongſt the reſt, and cryed out aloud : Alas the day
that ever I was born, my houſe of AL za maketh me be put to death, He went not far from the
Market-place, but met with one that killed him preſently, In the mean time Afarixs the younger
ſeeing he could by no means eſcape if he were taken , flew himſelf, And Sylla coming to Pra-
NESTE, did firſt execute them by one and by one, keeping a certain form of juſtice in putting
them to death : but afterwards , as if he had no longer leiſure to remain there, he cauſed them all
to be put in a place together , to the number of twelve thouſand men , Whom he cauſed to be put to
the ſword every man, ſaving his Hoſt onely ; unto whom he ſaid, that he ſhewed him ſpeciall favour
The bolenefs
of Caius Mctel-
lus torel! f7lls
his crucky in
Cpcn ycnate.
S$yllz's proſcri-
PT1on,
The wurther
ct Outlaws
general
through Traty.
Onintus*4u g
— 6 HY
lius a qQuiet man
that medle4
not, ſlain for
his houſe,
Marius the
younger flew
imſelf at
Pranieſte.
Syllza flew
twelve thou-
ſand men in
Preneſte,being
ail put into one
to ſave his life. But his Hoſt anſwered him ſtoutly again, that he would not be beholding unto him Place together.
for his life , ſeeing he had (lain all the reſt of his Countreymen : and ſothruſting in amongtt the Citi-
who had ſlain his own Brother before the Civil war was ended : and then prayed Sy{a to put
him in the number of the Outlaws, as if his Brother had been alive. Sy{a performed his defire,
Catiline thereupon to ſhew his thankfulneſs for the pleaſure Sy{a had done him , went preſent-
ly and ſlew Marcus Marius, who was of the contrary faction, and brought him his head for a pre-
ſent before all the people , in the midſt of the Market-place where he was fiiting, When he had (0
done , he went and waſhed his hands all bloudied in the hallowed Font of the Temple of Apo/o,
that was hard by, But beſides ſo many murthers committed , yer were there other things alſo tha
Lucius Catiling
zens, was willingly lain with them. They thought the Act of Lucius Catiline alſo very ſtrange, _ is own
rother;
grieved the people marvellouſly. For he proclaimed himſelf Dictator , which Office had not been $/% Didaror:
of ſixſcore years before in uſe , and made the Senate diſcharge him of all that was paſt, giving
him free liberty afterwards to kill whom he would, and to confiſcate their goods : to deſtroy
Cities and to build up new as he lifted : to take away Kingdoms , and to give them where he
thought, good, And furthermore , he openly ſold the goods confiſcate, by the Cryer, ſiting
ſo proudly and Rtately in his Chair of State , that it grieved the people more to ſee thoſe goods packr
up by them to whom he gave and diſpoſed them, then to ſee them taken from thoſe that had
forfeited them, For ſome times he would give a whole Countrey , or the whole Revenues of cer-
tain Cities , unto women for their beauty , or unto pleaſant Jeſters, Minſtrels , or wicked flaves
made free : and unto ſome he would give other mens wives by force, and make them to be mar-
ried againſt their wills, For he deſiring (howſoever it happened) ro make alliance with Pompey the
Great, commanded him to put away his wife he had married , and taking eAmylia ( the Daughter
of e/Emylius Scaurxs, and of Metellahis wife ) from the great $/abrio, cauſed him to marry her great
with child as ſhe was by Glabrio : but ſhe died in childbed in Pompeys houſe. Lucretins Offelia allo
that had brought Aſarius the younger to that diſtreſs at the City of PRENESTE, ſuing to be
Conſull, Sy//a commanded him to ceaſe his ſuit : but he notwithſtanding that expreſs com-
mandment , went one day into the Market-place, with a great train of men following him that
favoured his cauſe : whither Sylla ſent one of his Centurions that flew Offela before all the people, Lucrcrin;0 Fel.
himſelf fitting in a Chair of eſtate in the Temple of Caſtor and Polax, and (eeing-from above the mur- 7: Nlaty.
ther done, The people that were about Offela, laid hold of the murtherer ſtraight , and brought
him before Sy{la : but Sylla bad them be quiet that brought the Centurion with rumult , and that
Mm 2 they
14s
TY L LES
404
The order of
Syll#'s tri»
umph.
Sylla's ewins,
named Fau-
ſtus and Fauſta
Syllz leaveth
his Ditator-
ſkip.
Marcus Lepidus
choſen Conſul,
Syllafealted
the people.
Wine of fourty
years old and
upmard.
Sylla brake his
own Laws
he made,
Paleria, deſt-
rous to be par-
taker of Sylla's
happineſs.
$ylla marrie
Palcria, the
fiſter of Hor-
tenſius rhe O=
zator.
Sylla*s Impo-
{tume turned
tolice.
they ſhould let him go , becauſe he commanded them to do ir, Furthermore, as touching his Tri-
umph, it was a ſumptuous ſight to behold , for the rareneſs of the riches , and Princely ſpoils which
were thewed at the ſame. Bur yet was it ſo much the better ſet out , and worth the fight, to ſee the
baniſhed Romans, who were the chiefeſt Noblemen of all the City of Roms , tollowing his
Chariot triumphant wearing Garlands of flowers on their heads , calling Sy/la their Father and ſavi-
Our ; becauſe that by his means they returned to their Countrey, and recovered their goods, wives and
children. In theend of his triumph, he made an Oration, in open aſſembly of the people of Rome, in
the which he did not onely declare unto them ( according to the cuſtom ) what things he had done,
but did as carefully tell them alſo as well of kis good fortune and ſucceſs, as of his valiant deeds be-
fides : and toconclude his Oration, told them that by reaſon of the great favour fortune had ſhewed
him, he would from thenceforth be called by them, Felzx, roſay, happy or fortunate, And he himſelf
when he wrote unto the GREC1ANs , or that he had any thing to do with them, ſurnamed himſelf
Epaphroditus , as who would ſay , a pleaſant man, beloved and favoured of Venus. His tokens of
triumph which are yet in our Countrey, have this ſuperſcription : Lucius Cornelis Syllt Epaphrodi-
15. And when his wife Metella had brought him two twins, a Son and a Daughter : he named his
Son Fauſts , ſignifying fortunate , and his daughter Faxſta : becauſe the Roma ns call Fauſturs
that which falleth our proſperouſly and happily. To be ſhort , he truſted ſo much unto his good tor-
tune and doings , that notwithſtanding he had killed and put ſo many men to death, and had made ſo
reat a change and innovation in the Commonwealth , yet of himſelf he left off his Office of DiQa-
tor, and reſtored the people to the authority of election of Conlulls again, without his preſence at the
ele&ion : and frequented the Market-place as a private man among the Citizens , offering himſelf to
every man that would ask him account of his doings paſt, Ir happened that a ſtout and raſh enemy of
his was choſen Conſull againſt his will, called Marcus Lepidms, not for any devotion the people had
to Lepidus, but onely to gratific Pompey , who gave countenance and fayour unto him, Sy{la ſeeing
Pompey come merry homewards from the Election , and joytull that he had obtained his triends ſute
from all other ſuters : took him aſide, and rold him : Indeed thou haſt great cauſe to rejoyce, young
man my friend, for thou haſt done a goodly a&, to chooſe Marcus Lepidus Confull, the verieſt Ais
in all Ros, before Catuls the honeſteſt man. Bur I tell thee one thing , thou haſt not need to ſleep ;
for thou haſt ſtrengthened an enemy , that will be thy own deſtruction, And Sy4a proved a true Pro-
phet : for Lepidus -__ bent to all cruelry immediately after, Hatly fell at defiance with Pompey, Now
Syla conſecrating the diſmes of all his goods unto Hercules, made exceeding ſumptuous teaſts unto
the RomAaNs, the proviſion whereof was ſo unreaſonable great, thatevery day they threw a great
deal of meat into the River , and they drank wine of torty years old and aboye, During theſe teaſts
which continued many days, his wife «Herella ſickened, and died, and in her ſickneſs the Prieſts and
Soothſayers willed Sy he ſhould not come near her , nor ſuffer his houſe to be polluted and defiled
with mourning for the dead. Whereupon Sy//a was divorced from her in her fickneſs, and cauſed
her to be carried into another houſe, whileſt the lived. And thus did Sy/a curiouſly obſerve the ſuper-
ſition and ordinance of the Soothſayers ; but yer he brake the Law which he made himſelf , touching
the order of Funerals, ſparing no coſt at Xerella's buriall, So did he alſo break another order
himſelf had made, touching the reformation of bankers : comtorting his ſorrow with ordinary
feaſts , full of all vanity and laſciviouſneſs. Within a few.months after , he had Fencers games at the
ſharp : and the rooms of the Theater being open and unſeyered , men and women fitting together ,
it fortuned that there was a fair Lady, and of a noble houſe, that fate hard by yl, called
Valeria : ſhe was the Daughter of Meſſala, and ſiſter of Hortenſius the Orator, thar had been
divorced not long before from her husband, This Lady paſting by Sy//s behind him, did ſoftly
put her hand on his ſhoulder, and took a hair from off his Gown , and ſo went onto her place, and
ſate her down. Sylla marvelling at this familiarity , looking carneſtly upon her : It is nothing
my Lord ( quoth ſhe ) but that 1 deſire with others to be parraker a little of your happineſs, Her
words miſliked not Sy/la , but contrarily he ſhewed that ſhe had cickled him with them : for he
ſent ſtraight to ask her name , and enquired of what houſe ſhe was, and how ſhe had lived.
But after many lie looks between them, they turned their faces one to another upon every
occaſion , with prety {miling countenances :; ſo that in the end, they came to promiſe and
contra& marriage together , for the which /aleri4 was not to be blamed. For though ſhe was as
wiſe , as honeſt, =- as vertuous a Lady as could be poſlible, yer the occaſion that made Sylla
marry her , was neither good nor commendable , becauſe he was taken ftraight with a look
and a fine tongue, as if he had been but a young Boy : which commonly ſhew torth the filthieſt
paſſions of the mind, to be ſo carried, and with ſuch motions. Now, notwithſtanding he had
this fair young Lady in his houſe , he left not the company of women Miniſtrels and Tumblers ,
and to have pleaſant Jeſters and Muſitians about him , with whom he would lie wallowing and
drinking all the day long , upon little Couches made for the nonce. For, his companions that
were in greateſt eſtimation with him at that time , were theſe three : Roſcixs a maker of com-
mon Plays, Sorax a Prince of Scoffers , and one Metrobins a Singing man , whom he was in.love
withall while he lived , and yet did not difſemble his love, though he was paſt his Age to be beloved.
This wicked life of his was cauſe of increaſing his diſeaſe, the originall cauſe whereof had
light foundation at the firſt, For he lived a great time before he perceived that he had an Im-
poſtume in his body , the which by proceſs of time came to corrupt his fleſh in ſuch ſort , that
it turned all to lice ; ſo that notwithſtanding he had many men abvut him, to ſhift him conti-
oually
STEEL -
405
nually night and day , yet the Lice they wiped away were nothing , in reſpe of them that multiply-
ed ſtil] upon him. And there was neither apparel, linnen, bathes, wathing , nor meat it ſelf, but
was preſently filled with ſwarms of this vile vermine. For he went many times in the day into the
Bath to waſh and cleanſe himſelf of them, but all would not ſerve : for the changing of his fleſh into
this putriture wan it ſtraight again that there was no cleanſing, nor thifting of him, that could keep
ſuch a number of lice from him. Some ſay , that in old time ( amongſt the moſt ancient men, where-
of there is any memory ) Acaſtxs the Son of Pelius, died of the lowſieevil : and long time atter alſo,
the Poet Alcmarn, and Pherecides the Divine. ; and ſa did Callifthenes OLyNTHIAN in priſon, and
Mutins a wiſe Lawyer. Antlif we ſhall w— of thoſe that are famous, although ir be nor
in any good matter : we find/that a bondman called Zyays, be was the firſt procurer ot the wars of
the bondmen in'S$1c1114 , being taken and exrrietto Rome , died alſo of theAame diſeaſe, Fur-
thermore, 5y{la did not onely foreſee his death,but he wrote ſomething ot it alſo! : for he made an end
of writing the two and twentieth Book of his Commeryaties, two, daies before he died. In that Book
he ſaith, that the wiſe men of CHALDE A had told himlong before, that after he had lived honourably,
he ſhould end his daies in the flower of all his proſpefiry, And there he faith alfo, that his Son (who
departed a little before his Mother Metella) appeared to him in-his ſleep}, apparelled in an ill tavou-
red Gown , and that coming unto himyhe prayed him'he would go with him unto Aferella bis Mother,
thenceforth to live in peace and reſt with her.” Bur for all his diſeaſe, he would not give over to deal in
matters of State. For tendaies before his death , he pacified a ſedition and tumulc riſen among the
inhabitants of the City of PuTEoLAa Num (1n Jtalian called Poz2z010 ) and there he gave them
Laws and Ordinances , whercby they ſhould goyern themſelves. And the day before he died, hear-
ing that Granins who was in debt to the Commonwealth, deferred payment of his money looking for
his death : he ſent for him, and made him come into his Chamber, and there cauſed his men to com-
paſs him about, and cominanded them to ſtrangle him in his fight. The paſſion of hys anger was ſo
vehement againſt him, that by the extream ſtraining of himſelf , he brake the Impoſtume in his body,
ſo as there guſhed out a wonderfull deal of bloud : by reaſon whereof kis ftrengrh failing him, he
was full of pain and pangs that night, and ſo died , leaving the two little children he had by Merella.
For Yalier«, was brought to bed of a Daughter after his death, which was called Poſttumia , becauſe
the Romans call thoſe children that are born after the death of their Fathers, Poſthumi. Now when
Sylla was dead, many gathered about the Conſul] Lepidz, to let chat his body ſhould not be honouta»
bly buried , as they were accuſtomed to bury Noblemen and men of quality, But Pompey, though he
was angry with Sy{la, becauſe he had given him nothing in his Will , and had remembred all his 0:
ther friends : yer be made ſome for love, ſome by intreary, and others with threatning to let ic alone,
and accompanying the Corps into RoME , gave both ſafery and honour unto the performance of his
funerals. Find it 1s ſaid alſo, that the Roman Ladies amongſt other things, beſtowed ſuch a quantity
of perfume and odoriferous marter rowards the ſame : that beſides thoſe which were brought in two
hundred and ten great Baskets, they mgde a great image to the likeneſs of Sy{la himſelf, and another of
a Sergeant carrying the Axes before him , all of excellent Incenſe and Cinamon, When the day of
the Funerals came, fearing leſt it would rain in the forenoon , all the Element being ſo cloudy, they
deferred to carry forth the body to be burnt , untill paſt three of the clock in the afternoon, And
then roſe there ſuch a ſudden boiſterous wind , that it ſer all the ſtake of wood ſtraight on fire, that the
body was burnt at a trice , and the fire going our, fell a great ſhower of rain that held on till night :
ſo that it ſeemed, good fortune following him eyen to his end, did alſo help his obſequies after his death,
His Tomb is to be ſeen in the field of Afars : and they ſay that he himſelf made his own Epitaph thar
is Written upon it , which was : That no man did ever paſs him, neither in doing good to his friends ,
nor in doing miſchief to his enemies.
The end of Sylla's Life.
Divers fam=
ous men that
tied of lice.
Syila's Com-
mentar:es Cor;
tain 22 bo-:ky
Syliu's fon 1hat
was dead 3p
peared to him
in his dream
in il! fayoured
apparell,
Granius
itrangled in
Sylz's fight, by
his own com-
mandmenr,
Sylla's death.
Poſthumi,
Syllz's funerals,
Syllz”s Epitaph. '
I EE EEE OO .
The chief per-
ſon is not al-
waies the ho-
nelteſt.
Lyſander and
$yllg's taults.
THE COMPARISON OF
LYSANDER with SYLL A.
Ow that we have at large alſo ſet forth the Life of the Roma, let us come to
© compare them both together, In this they are both alike, that both of them
MILE grew to be great 'men , riſing of themſelves through their own vertue : but this
onely is proper to Lyſander , that all the Offices and Dignities which he attain-
» edunto in the Commonwealth , were laid upon him through the peoples good
{ wills. and conſents : for he compelled them to nothing, neither uſurped he
\ any extraordinary Authority upon them , contrary to the Law : for the com-
= mon ſaying is: |
Where partiality, and diſcord once do raign :
There wicked men are moſt eſteem'd, and rule with greateſt gain,
As at that time in ROME, the people being corrupted , and the ſtate of Government utterly ſubs
verted and brought to nought : ro day there roſe up one Tyrant , to morrow another, - And there»
fore we may not wonder if Sylla uſurped and ruled all , when ſuch fellows as Glaucias and Saturnius,
did both baniſh and drive out of Rome ſuch men as Merellzs was : and where alſo in open aſſembly
they ſlew the Conſulls Son in the Markert-place , and where force of Arms was bought. and ſold for
Gold and Silver, with the which the ſouldiers were corrupted : and where they madenew Laws with
fireand ſword, and forced men to obey the ſame. Yer 1 ſpeak not this in reproach of him that in
ſuch troubleſome times found means to make himſelf the greateſt man ; but to ſhew that I meaſure
not his honeſty by the dignity he grew unto in ſo unfortunate a City, although he became the chief.
And as touching fim that came from SPARTA (at what time it flouriſhed moſt, and was the beſt
governed Commonweal ) he in all great cauſes, and in moſt honourable Offices, was reputed for the
beſt of all beſts, and the chief of all chiefs : whereof it came to paſs, that the one did often re-
ſign up his Authority ro his Citizens , which they had given him, who alſo reſtored it to him
again many and ſundry times ; for the honour of his vertue did alwaies remain, and made him juſtly
accounted for the worthieft man : where the other being onely once choſen Generall of an Army ,
remained ten years contincally in wars and hoftility , making himſelf by force, ſometime Con-
ſull, ſometime Vice-conſull, and ſometime DiRator , but alwaies continued a Tyrant. Indeed
Lyſander, attempted to change and alter the ftate of Government in his Countrey , howbeit it was
with great lenity , and more lawfully then Sy//a did. For he ſought it by reaſon, and good perſwa-
ſion ,: not by the ſword : neither would he make a change of the whole at one ſelf time as Sy{a did,
but ſought onely to reform the Ele&tion of Kings. The which thing according to nature , doubt-
leſs ſeemed very juſt : that he which was the beſt amongſt good men , ſhould be choſen King of that
City , which was the chief over all GREE ct, not for her Nobility , but for her vertue onely. For
likeas a good hunter doth nor ſeek for the Whelp of a good Dog, but for the good Dog himſelf : nor
a wiſe man of Arms alſo, the Colt that cometh of a good Horſe , but the good Horſe bimſelf, E-
ven ſo, he that raketh upon him to ſtabliſh a Civil Government , committeth a foul fault , if he
look of whom his Prince ſhould be born, and not what the Prince himſelf ſhould be , conſidering
that the LacED&EMONIANS themſelves have deprived diverſe of their Kings from their Crown
and Realm , becauſe they were not Princely , bur unprofitable, and good for nothing. Vice,
| although it bein a Noble man, yet is alwaies ill of it ſelf ; but vertye is honoured for ber ſelf alone,
and not becauſe ſhe is placed with Nobility. Now for the wrongs and injuries they both committed,
the
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LYSHN DER and SYLL A,
the one did work, onely _ pleaſure his friends\ and:the other'to offend them to whom he was boyn-
den. For it is cextainthat Lyfander did great wrongs to gratifie his- familiars * -and the moſt part of
them whom he.pat to'death,,; wasito eſtabliſh the Tyrannicall power of certain"his-friends; Where
Sylla ſought ſor ſpite to take away bis Army from Pompey andthe Admiralty from Dolabella , which
himſelf had given him , and-eauſed Zarcrerrus Offella to be {lain'openly in his own fight, becauſe he
ſought rq.be Conſull., for-xeeqmpence of the good ſervice he hadYone + for which cruelty of 'his,
cauling his own friends tobe lain-in! ſuch ſort , 'he made every man afraid of him. Furthermore, -
their behaviours.couching £0ysrobſhes and pleaſtire: doth ſhew-, that the- intent of the one was the
deſire of a,good Prince, and;glig:omher. that of a.Tyrant, For we'do nor find that © Zyſandey , for all
his great Princely Authority-,idid/ever uſe any. inſolency or lafciviouſhels in his deeds, but alwiies
avoided as mich as a man might), the reproach of zhis:common Proverb : Zyons ar home, and Foxes
never moderats this unlaw:vll ;luſts, neicher for! poverty when he was young ;' nor "age , when it
came upon bir. - But/whileft- he: gave Laws tothe ROMans , touching Matrimoniall Foneſty atid
chaſtiry, himſelt in the mean time did nothing [but follow love , and commit adulteries, as Salut
writeth, By means whereof he ſo much impoveriſhed Rome; - and left it ſo. void of Gold and
Silver , that for ready money he: ſold abſolute freedom unto the Cities their confederates , yer was
it his daily ſtudy ro confiſcate and rake forfeit ,' the richeſt and moſt wealthy houſes in all the whole
City of RoME; . But ali this ſpoil and havock was nothing in compariſon of that which he daily
caſt away upon his jeſters and Hatterers. What ſpring, or meaſure may- we think he kept in his
gifts and private bankets , when openly in the day time (all the people of Rout being preſent, to
{ce him ſel} the goods which he had cauſcd to be confiicate ) he made one of his friends and familiars,
to truſs up a-great deal of houſhold ſtuff , for a very little price 2 and when' any other had out-
bidden his price-,-and that the Cryer had cried it our aloud : then he was angry, and ſaid : M
friends, I bave great wrong done. me here , not to ſuffer me to {ellthe ſpoil 1 have gotten, at mine
own pleaſure, and diſpoſe it. as I liſt my ſelf. Wherefore Lyſandey contrarily fent to the Common-
wealth of SpART a , with other money , the very preſents that were given to hinifelf. And yet 1
do not commend him in that deed, For, peradventure he did more hurt to SpaRTA . bringing
thicher that Gold and vilver, then $y/la did ro RomE', in waſting and conſuming that he conſumed.
Howbeit i alledge this onely for proof and declaration, that Lyſander was nothing covetous, T
both have done that unto their Ciry , which never any other but themſelves did. For Sy/lz being
a riotous and licentious man, brought his Citizens notwithſtanding to good order and government ;
and Lyſander contrarily filled his Ciry with vice , yet not infected withall himſelf. Thus were
they borh offenders , the one for breaking the Law he commanded to be kept, and the other in ma-
king the Citizens worle then he was himſelt : for he taught the SearTANs to deſire thoſe things,
whuch he above all things had learned to deſpiſe. And thus much concerning peace and Civil govern-
ment, Now for matters of war and batrells fought , there is no compariſon ro be made of Ly- an for m
ro pre cerre
before Lyſan-
ſander to Sylla, neither in number of victories, nor in hazard of battell, For Lyſander wan
onely but two batrells by ſea , beſides the taking ot the City of ATrENs : which ( though I graut
him ) being rightly conſidered , was no great exploit of war, howbeit it was a noble At, con-
ſidering the fame he wan by it. And as for things which happened to him in Boz0T1a , hard by
the City of ALIARTE : a man might ſay peradventure that he had ill luck. But yer me thinks
alſo there was a fault in him, for that he ſtaied not for King Paxſanias aid ( the which came from
PLAT&EsS immediately after his overrhrow ) and becauſe he went in a gair , in fury, and ina vain
ambition to run his head againſt a wall : ſo that men of all ſorts making a deſperate ſally out of
ALIARTSE upon him, flew him there to no purpoſe, Far unlike to Cleombrotus that died at the
battell of LeucTREs, reſiſting his enemies that diſtreſſed his men : nor yer like Cyrs, nor Epa-
minondas , who-to keep his men from flying, and to give them aſſured victory , received his dead!
wound : tor all theſe men did like noble Kings , and valiant Captains. Where Zyſander raſhly cat
bmſelf away, to his great d:ſhonour , by roo much venturing : proving thereby, that the ancienc
SPARTANS did like wiſe men, to avoid the fight with walls. For the nobleſt and valianteft man
that is, or poſſible can be , may eaſily be ſo (lain, not onely by the firſt ſouldier that cometh, bur by
every filly woman or child. As they ſay , that the worthy Achzlles was killed by Par within the
very Gates of TR014, Now to the contrary again , the victories that Sy//2 wan in fer battells , and
the thouſands of enemies which he flew, are not eaſily ro be numbred , beſides alſo that he rook the
City of Row twice : and the haven of ATHENS , not by famine as Zy/ander did , but by force,
after he had by many great battells driven Archelaus out of firm land'into the main fea, Iris to be
conſidered alſo, againſt what Captain they made wars, For me thinks it was but a paſtime, as 4
. man might ſay, for Lyſander to fight with Antiochus, a Pilot of Alcibiades, or to ſurpriſe and de-
ceive Philocles, a common Orator at ATHENS :
Whoſe buſie tongue, much worſe then two edg d ſword did ſeem :
Which pratled ſtill, and honeſty did never once eſteem.
Lyſariiers tem.
perance and
_ ay | wb moverate life
abroad : he led.juch,a true Laco Nan lite, ſtraightly reformed in all points, Whete Sytla could $5lla's licenti-
ous and prodi-
gall life,
$ylla'sryrannt-
call ſaying.
der,
Syllz fought
TY" ! with men of
And whom Mirhridates ( in my opinion ) would not vouchſafe ro compare with his horſe-keeper, ,.c,reſt power
nor Marius with one of his Sergeants or Mace-bearers, Burt to leave aſide the particular names and oyercame
of all other Princes, Lords, Coaſulls, V'rztors , Capta ns , and Governours that made wars with them.
Sylla : what Roman Capta'n was there more to be feared , then Marius ? what King living
was there of ſuch power as King Mithridates : And of Generalls and Lieurenants of Armies in all
ITALY,
mw $* oO G4 4! 3 FP
TERS Ld” a gs "Loa b 4
; T C by” of = d = by {i " os *,
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Ta TRERY R
” C*% -
—TTYSANDER and SYLLA.
ITALY , were there any ever more valiant , then Lamponius and Theleſings : of the which Syla
drave the one away, and brought the other to obey him, and ſlew the two laſt? Bur the greateſt mat-
ter of all that we have ſpoken of yet, in my opinion was, that Lyſander did all his Noble At, with
the aid of his whole Countrey, where Sy/a to the contrary did his ( being baniſhed from his Coun-
trey ) by his enemies, And at the ſelf {ametime they drave Sy/a's wife out of Roms , that they 0-
verthrew his houſes , and flew his friends alſo in Roms : he notwithſtanding made wars in the mean
- time with infinite thouſands of fighting men in BotoT14 , and ventured his perſon in manifold dan-
Syllz's magna-]
nimity,
Plutarchs
_—_— of
Syla 2nd Ly-
ſander.
gers , ſo that in the end he conquered them all, to the honour and benefir'of his Countrey, Further-
more, Sylla would never ſtoop to King eAMithridates , for any particuliar Allance he offered him,
neither yeeld unto him for any aid of men, or money, to war againſt his enemies : but ( a thing moſt
chiefly to benoted above the reſt ) he would not vouchſafe to ſpeak to Mithridates, nor to take him
by the hand _— before he had ſpoken it with his own mouth, and faithfully promiſed, that he would
forgo As14, deliver him his Gallies, and give up the Realms of B1Tay N14 and CaypapoOcia
unto their naturall King. This methinks was the goodlieſt AR that ever Sy{a did, and proceeded of
the greateſt magnanimity, to have preferred the benefit of the Commonwealth in that ſort, before his
private commodiry,. For therein he was like unto a good Greyhound,that firſt pincheth che Dear, and
holdeth him faſt till be have overthrown him, and then afterwards followeth the purſuit of his own pri-
vate quarrel], And laſtly, me thinks it is eafily judged , what difference there was between their two
Natures, in that ey did both towards the City oft ATHzNs. For Sylla having takenit, after the
Citizens had made fierce wars with him for the increaſe of King Mithridates greatneſs : yet he left it
free unto-them, enjoying their own Laws, Where Lyſander to the contrary,ſeeing ſuch a mighty State
and Empire as that overthrown from the great rule it bare, had no piry of it at all , but rook away the
Liberty of popular government , whereby it had been governed of long time before, and eſtabliſhed
there very cruell and wicked Tyrants. And therefore in mine opinion, we ſhall not much ſwerve from
the troth , if we give judgement that Sy{a did the greater Atts, and Lyſander committed the
fewer faults. And that we give to the one the honour of a continent and modeſt man : and to the other,
the commendation of a yaliant and skilfull Souldier.
Ann. Mund, Ant. Chriſt,
3480. 38,
Eripolt as the Soothſayer , he that brought King Ophelras out of THE sSALY in-
tothe Countrey of BotOT1A, with the people which were under his obedience :
part of the which were ever reſident in the City of CHzRONEA, becauſe it was
3D the firſt City that was conquered from the barbarous people whom they expul-
& ſed thence. All they that came of that race , were commonly men of great cou-
EPL rage, and naturally given to the wars ; who were ſo forward and adventurous in
SYSDYEZAXS al] dangers thereof ( in the invaſions of the Mepts into GREECE , andin the
batrells of the GauLs ) that they were ſlain all of them , but onely Damor ( a little child left fa-
therleſs and motherleſs, t—_ | onage and noble cou-
m—__ that eſcaped ; who for goodly per
rage excelled all the luſty youths of his time, though otherwiſe he were very rude, and of a
Peripoltas and
left a poſterity after him that long time flouriſhed in that Countrey, the more his polteriry.
The manners
and lewd parts
of Damon
ſevere nature. Now it fortuned , that when Damon was grown of full age, a RoMA Nn Captain of Peripolzas,
an Enſign of footmen ( lying in Garriſon for the Winter ſeaſon in the City of CH£roxta) fell
in great love with Damon : and becauſe he could nor reap the fruits of his diſhoneſt love by no
intreaty nor gifts, there appeared vehement preſumptions, chat by force he went about to abuſe him,
for that CHERONEA at that time ( being my naturall City where I was born”) was a ſmall thing,
and ( being of no ſtrength nor power ) little regarded. Damon miſtruſting the Caprains villany, and
dereſting his abominable deſire, watched him a ſhrewd turn, and got certain of his'cotnpanions ( not
many in nutnber , becauſe he might the more ſecretly compaſs his enterpriſe ) to be of counſell with
him, and rake his part againft the Captain. Now there were ſixteen of them in conſort together ,
that one night blacked their faces all with ſoot , and the next morning after they had drunk toge-
ther , by the break of day ſet upon this Roman Captain , that was making ſacrifice in the Mar-
ker-place, and flew hin with a good number of his men : and when they had done, fied out of che
City, which was ftraight in a great uproar for the murther committed, Thereupon they called 2
Counfell, and in the Marker-place condemned Damon 2nd his confederates to ſuffer pains of death :
hoping thereby to have cleared their innocency for the fat done utto the ROwa Ns, But the ſelf
ſame night , as all the Megiſtrates and Officers of the Ciry were at ſopper together in the Town-houſe
according to theit cuſtom : Damon and his followers ſtole upon them ſuddenly , flew them all, and
fled again upon it. It chanced about that time , that Lucius Luth!ls being fent on ſome journey ,
paſſed by the City of CHartoxnta with his Army , and becauſe rhis murther was but newly done ,
he ſtayed there a few days to examine the rroth and originall thereof : and found that the Commons
@i
—_—_ 4 "_
__—_—
*-
-
<4
it
=—+-4
-» + 4 - V «<
z yn
——— -— —
=
> LS nt Bn,
Pod I
410
” —_
Lucius Lucullus
examineth the
truth of the
murther.
Damon lain
- by treaſon.
Asboloment,
who they were
and why ſo cal-
led.
Charones indi»
ted for the
b! murcher.
Lucullus called
for a witneſs
of the troth.
Biſtory, is a
certain image
of mens man-
ners and wiſ-
dom.
A pretty limi-
licude.
How to de-
ſcribe the life
of man,
Cimon and
Lucullus in
what things
they werealike,
Cimons linage.
Thucydides \in-
age.
oY i a&
of the City were in no fault , but that they themſelves alſo had received hurt : whereupon he wok
the ſouldiers of the Romans that remained of the Garriſon , and carried them away with him
In the mean time , Damon deſtroyed all the Countrey thereabout , and ſtill hovered near to the City,
inſomuch as the inhabitants of the ſame were driven in the end to ſend unto him, and by gentle
words and favourable decrees handled him ſo, that they inticed him to come again into the City :
and when they had him amongſt them , they choſe him Gymnaſiarchus , to ſay , a maſter of excr-
ciſes of youth, But ſhortly ater, as they were rubbing of him with oil in his ſtove or hot-houſe
ſtark naked as he was , they flew him by treaſon. And becauſe there appeared Spirits of long time
after in that place , and, that there were heard groanings and fighings as our fathers told us they
cauſed the door of the hot-houſe to be walled up : yet for all that, there are viſions ſeen, and ter-
rible voices and cries heard in that ſelf place unto this preſent time, as the neighbours dwelling by do
teſtifie, Now they that were deſcended of this Damon ( for there are yet of his race in the Countrey
of PHOC1DES z near unto the City of STIR1s , who do onely of all other both keep the Lan-
uage and manners of the ATOL1ANs ) are called As BoLOMENTt, ſignifying Black, and beſmea-
red with ſoot : becauſe that Damon and his fellows did black their faces with ſoot , when they flew
the Roman Captain, But the ORcHomENIlaNs being near neighbours unto the Cayzro-
NEIANS , and therefore their enemies , hired an informer of Rome , a malicious accuſer, to accuſe
the whole City ( as if it had been one private perſon alone ) for the murther of theRomans , whom
Damon and his companions had lain. The Inditement was drawn , and the caſe pleaded before the
Governour of MactDoN, for that the Romans did ſend no Governours at that time into
GREECE : and the Counſellours that pleaded for the City of CHaronE a, relied upon the teſti-
mony of Lucius Lucullas , referring themſelves to his report , who knew the troth and how it was.
Thereupon the Governour wrote unto him , and Lucallzs in his Letter of anſwer advertiſed the ve.
troth ; ſo was our City cleared of the accuſation, which otherwiſe ſtood in danger of utter deſtruQi-
on. The Inhabitants of the City of CyH&KroNEa, for they had eſcaped the danger b teſtimony of
Lucius Lncullus, to honour him withall, rhey ſetup his image in ſtone in the Market-place, next unto
the image of Bacchus. And we alſo that be living at this preſent, though many years be gone and
paſſed fince , do notwithſtanding reckon our ſelves partakers of his forepaſſed benefir. And becauſe
we are perſwaded, that the image and portraiture that maketh us acquainted with mens manners and
conditions , is far more excellent, then the picture that repreſenteth any mans perſon or ſhape onely :
we will comprehend his life and doings according to the troth, in this volume of Noble mens Lives ,'
where we do compare and ſort them one with another, It ſhall be ſufficient for us therefore , that we
ſhew our ſelves thankfull for his benefit : and we think, that he himſelf would millike, for reward of his
rue teſtimony , to be requited with a favourable lie told in his behalf, Bur like as when we will have
a paſſing fiir face drawn, and lively counterfeited , and that hath an excellent good grace withall,
yet ſome manner of blemiſh or imperfeQtion in it , we will not allow the drawer to leave it out alto-
gether , nor yet too curiouſly to ſhew it, becauſe the one would deform the counterfeit , and the
other make it very unlikely, Evenſo, becauſe it is a bard thing ( or to ſay better , peradventure un-
poſſible ) to deſcribe a man , whoſe life ſhould altogether be innocent, and perfe&t : we muſt firſt
ſtudy to write his vertues at large , and thereby ſeek perfectly to repreſent the troth, even as the life
it ſelf, But where by chance we find certain faults and errours in their doings, proceeding either
of paſſion of the mind, by the neceſſity of the time or ſtate of the Commonwealth : they are rather
to be thought imperfeRions of vertue not altogether accompliſhed , then any purpoſed wickedneſs
proceeding of vice , or certain malice. Which we ſhall not need too curiouſly to expreſs in our
Hiſtory , but rather to paſs them lightly over , of reverent ſhame to the meer frailty of mans na-
ture , which cannot bring forth a man of ſuch vertue and perfe&tion, but there is ever ſome imper-
fe&ion in him. And therefore, conſidering with my ſelf unto whom I might compare Lacu/lus.
I thought it beſt to compare him with Cimon, becauſe they have been both valiant ſouldiers againſt
their enemies, having both done notable exploits in wars againſt the Barbarous people : and
moreover , they have both been courteous and mercitull unto their Citizens , and were both
the onely men that pacified the Civill wars and difſention in their Countrey , and both the one and
the other of them wan notable vitories of the Barbarous people. For there was never Grtc1an
Captain before Cimon, nor ROMA N Captain before Lucu#us, that had made wars ſo far off
from their Countrey, leaving apart thedeeds of Bacchms and of Hercules, and the Asalſo of Perſens
againſt the ATHIOPIANS , the MEDEs, and the ARMENIANS : and thedeeds of Jaſon allo, if
there remain any monument extant ſince that time , worthy of credit in theſe our days. Fur-
thermore , herein they are to be likened together, that they never ended their wars : they one-
ly overthrew their enemies, but never overcame them altogether. Again, we may note in
them' a great reſemblance of nature, for their honeſty , curtefie and humanity , which they ſhewed
unto ſtrangers in their Countrey : and for the wy umn and ſumptuouſneſs of their life and
ordinary expetice. It may be we do leave out ſome other fimilitudes between them : howbeit
in- the diſcourſe of their Lives they eaſily appear. Cimon was the Son of eIiltiades and of
Hegeſipyle , a TERAC1AaNn woman born, and the Daughter of King Olorxs , as we find written in
certain Poeticall Verſes which Melanthius and Archelans have written of Cimon, The father of
Thucydides the Hiſtoriographer himſelf, who was of kin alſo unto Cimor, was called in like manner
Olerus, ſhewing by the agreeing of the name, that this King Olorus was one of his anceſtours, and
did alſo poſſeſs Mines of Gold inthe Countrey of THRAC1Aa, It is ſaid moreover , that he died in
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Finto the Countrey of At T1c A , where his Tomb appeareth yer to this day, amongſt the
Tombs of them of the houſe and family of Cimor , near unto the Tomb of Cimons own Siſter cal-
led Elpinice, Notwithſtanding, 7 bucydides was of the Village of At1mus, and Miltiades of the
Village of Lacia. This Miltiades, Cimons Father, being condemned by the ſtate to pay the ſum of 2iltiales ties
fifsey Talents, was for non-payment caſt into priſon, and there died ; and left Cimor and his Sifter i* prilon.
Elpinice alive, both Orphanes, and very young. Now, Cimor in his firſt young years had a very Cimondefamed
ill name and report in the City , being counted a riotous young man, and a great drinker, following OY Fn
his Grandfather Cimors faſhions up and down, as he had alſo his name : ſaving that his Grandfather
for his beaftlineſs was ſurnamed Coalem os, as much to ſay, as fool, Steſimbrotws THRASIAN , who Coatemos, foo!;
was about Cimons time,writeth,that Cimor never learned Muſick,nor any other of the liberall Sciences,
accuſtomably raught to young Noble mens Sons of GREEcE, and that he had no ſharp wit, nor good
grace of ſpeaking , a vertue proper unto children born inthe Couiitrey of ATT1ca : howbeit that
he was of a Noble mind, and plain, without diflimularion, fo that he rather lived PE LopoNNEs1AN Cixon conds-
like, then like an ATHENIAN, For he was even ſuch as the Poet Euripides deſcribed Hercules to be ; tions,
A ſimple man he was, and could not well diſguiſe :
As honeſt eke in things of weight, as wit could well deviſe,
This ſerved fitly to be applyed unto Sreſrmbrorzs words written of him : but notwithſtanding , in his
firſt young years he was ſuſpetted of incontinency with his Siſter, who indeed otherwiſe had no ny.
good name, For ſhe was very familiar with the Painter Polygnorus, who painting the Tr01a N La- © ice Ci-
dies priſoners upon the Walls of the Gallery , called the Pleſsanattion, and now Pecite ( to ſay, ſet ch, _— wet-
out and beautified with divers PiQtures) he drew (as they ) Laodices face upon Elpinices Picture, Th s ;
Painter Polygnotus was no common Artificer nor hireling , that painted this Gallery for monies ſake, P0!#gn9tus the
but gave his labour franckly tothe Commonwealth , as all the Hiſtoriographers that wrote in that *4"*-
time do witneſs ; and asthe Poet Melanthins alſo reciteth in theſe verſes ;
At his own proper charge, great coſt he bath beſtowed ,
In decking up our Temples here with gilded Roofs embowed ,
For honour of the Gods, And in our tongue likewiſe ,
He hath adorn'd the common place, with many a fine deviſe
Painting and ſetting forth, un ſtately ſhew to ſee ,
The images of demy-gods that here among ſt us be.
Yet ſome ſay that Elpinice did not ſecretly company with her Brother Cimon, but lay with him open- p1p;nice being
ly as his lawfull married wife, becauſe ſhe could not for her poverty have a husband of like Nobility poor , had re-
and parentage to her ſelf, Howbeit, that a certain man called Cal: es, being one of the richeſt men in 82rd ro march
the City , did afterwards fall in fancy with her, and deſired to marry her , offering to pay her father _— to
Miltiages fine of fifty Talents , wherein he ſtood condemned a debrer to the State , ſo that hemight rao
have her to his wife, Cimor was contented , and upon that condition married his Siſter Elpinice unto
Callias; This notwithſtanding , itis certain that Cimon was ſomewhat amorous and given to love
women, For Melanthixs the Poet in certain of his Elegies , maketh mention for his pleaſure of one #9" ſubje&
Aſteria born at SALAMINA, and of another called 24neſtra, as if Cimon had been in love with them, — a
But undoubtedly, he loved bis lawfull wite 7/odice marvellous well , the Daughter of Exryprolemus,
Megacles Son, and took her death very grievoully , as we may conjecture by the Elegies that were
written unto him, to comfort him in his ſorrow. Panetws the Philoſopher is of opivion, that Arches
laws the Phyſician wrote thoſe Ekgies : and ſureit is not unlikely , conſidering the time in which they
were written, -. But furthermore , Cimons nature and conditions deſerved great commendation. For The praiſe of
his valianitneſs he gave not place aynto Mzlriades , and for his wildom and judgement, he was not Cimons condi-
inferiour unto Themsſtocles : and it is out of all doubt that he was a juſter and honeſter man ; then ei- *2%*
ther of them both," For he was equal with the beſt of either of both in the diſcipline of wars, and
for the valiantneſs of a noble Captain : and he did much excell them both in properties of a good
Governor , and in the adminiſtrarionof the affairs of a City , when he was but a young may, and
had no experience of wars, For wha Themiſtocles at the coming in of the MEDEes , counſelled
the people of ATHENS to go out of he City, to leave their Lands and Countrey , and to ſhip into
Gallies, and fight with the Barbarous pople by ſea in the ſtraight of Sa Lamina : as every man was
wondering at his bold and venturous canſell, C:imon was the firſt man that went with a life and
jolity through the ſtreet Ceramicus , uro the Caſtle, accompanied with his young familiars and
companions, carrying a bit of a Bridlein his hand conſeerate unto.the goddeſs Afznerva, fignify-
ing thereby, that the Ciry had no need othorſemen at that time, but of Mariners and Seamen. And
aſter he had given up his Offering , hetoo. one of the Targets that hung upon the Wall of the Tem-
ple, and having made his prayer unto WYinerva, came down to the Haven, and was the firſt that
made the moſt part of the Citizens to take1 good heart to them, and couragioully to leave the land, ©7mozs perſons
and take the Sea, Befides all this, he was avan of a goodly ſtature, as Jo the Poet teftifieth, and had *5* commend-
a fair curled hair and thick, and tought ſo viiantly at the day of bartell, that he wan immediately great
reputation, with the love and good will of exry man. £o that many were fill about him to encour-
age him to be lively and valiant, and to thin. thenceforth to do fome As worthy of the glory that
his Father had gotten at the bartell of MaxxHown. And afterwards , ſo ſoon as he began to deal
in marters of State , the people were marvellas glad of him, and were wearied wich Themiſtocles :
by means whereof Cimon was preſently advaced and preferred to the chicfeft Offices of honour -
che
412
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himſelf, City,
and friends, for
fear of Cimon.
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pon which intelli-
gence he took: the Sea with his Army, and went thither, where at his firſt coming he vanquiſhed and
overthrew the barbarous People in bartell: and having overthrown them ,drave all the reſt into the City
of ExONE, That done, he wentto invade the THRA c1a ns that dwelt on the other fide of the River
of Strywon, who did commonly victuall them of E10 xs : and having driven them to forſake the
Countrey, he kept it, and wasLord of the whole himſelf, Whereupon he held them that were be-
fieged at E10ws fo ftraightly from viRuals, that Butesthe King of Pe $14's Lieutenant, deſpairing
of the ſtate-of the City , ſet fire on the ſame , and burnt himſgf, his friends , and all the goods init.
By reaſon whereof, the ſpoil taken in that City was but ſmall, tzcauſe the barbarous people burnt all the
beſt things in it with themſelves : howbeit he conquered the Qountrey thereabouts , and gave it to the
ATHENIANS to inhabit, being a very pleaſant and fertile ſoj. In memory whereof, the people of
ATHENS ſuffered him to conſecrate and ſer up openly threqHerms of ſtone ne are four ſquare
pillars.) upon the tope of the which they ſet up heads of 4erprry : upon the firſt of the three pillars,
this inſcription is ingraven,
The people truly were, of courage ſtout 4d fierce,
Who having ſhut the Medes fa up ( afpories dorehearſe )
Within the walled Town, of E1one thatÞ#de,
Which on the ftream of Strymon ſtand they made them there abide
The force of famines pinch, and therepith made them feel
The dint of war ſo many atime, withfruſty tools of ſteel :
Till in the end, _ ſo pierced in thir thought, f
As there they did deſtroy themſelves ond ſo were brought to nought.
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Upon the ſecond there is ſuch another :
. "The (tizens which dwell in Athens ſtately Town,
. » Have here ſet up theſe Monuments, and Piltures of renown;
Tohonoxr ſo the faits, and celebrate the fame,
Their valiant Chieftains did atchieve, in many a martial Game :
That ſuch as after come, when they thereby perceive,
How men of ſervice for their deeds, did rich reyards receive,
Encouraged may be, ſuch men for toreſemble,
In valiant aits and dreadfull deeds, which makes their foes to tremble,
And upon the third another :
when Meneſtheus did lead forth of this City here,
An Armyto the Trojan Wars, (by Homer doth appear )
He was above the reſt, that out of Grecia went,
A valiant Knight , a worthy Wight, -4 Captain excellent,
To take in hand the charge, an Army for to guide :
And eke to range them orderly, in Battle to abide:
That praiſe of proweſs then (O grave Athenians)
1s noWy no news to fill the ears of theſe our Citizens,
Since through the. World ſo wide, the fame and worthy praiſe,
| For martial feats, to you of yore hath judged been alwates. |
Now though {*mons name be not compriled in theſe Inicriptions, yet they thought that this was a
fingular honour to him atthat time : for neither Aſilriades nor Themiftocles had ever the like, For
when Mi!tiades requeſted the People one day that they would licenſe him to wear a Garland of Olive
Boughs upon his head : there was one Sochares, born in the Town of DEctLz a, that ſtanding
up in open Aſſembly ſpake againſt him, and ſaid a thing that marvellouſly pleaſed the People, though
indeed it was an unthankfull recompence for the good ſervice he had done to the Commonwealth.
When you have Mzltiages (faid he) overcome the barbarous People alone in Battle, then ask to be
honoured alone alſo. But how was it then, that C:mons ſervice was ſo acceptable to the ATHE N1-
ANS? It was in mine opinion, becauſe they had with other Captains fought to defend themſelyes
and their Countrey onely : and that under the conduction of Cimon, they had __ and dri-
yen their Enemies home to their own doors, wherethey conquered the Cities of ExoNE and of Ay-
PHIPOLIS , Which afterwards they did inhabit with their own Citizens, and wan there alſo the
Iſle of Scyros, which Cinton took upon this occafion, The DoLoP1ANs did inhabit it, who
were idle People, and lived withour labour or tillage, and had been'Rovers on the Sea ofa wonder-
full long time, uſing Piracy altogether to maintain themſelves withall : ſo that in. the end they ſpared.
not ſo much as the Merchants and Paſſengers that harboured in their Havens, but robbed certain
THESSALIANS- that went thither to traffick. And when they had taken their Goods from ther;
yet would they caſt them in Priſon beſides. Howbeit the Priſoners 'found means to eſcape, and after
had ſaved themſelves, repaired to the Parliament of the AmprxictyoNs, which is a generall
Council of all the States and People of Gxzzcts, The AmenictyoNs underſtanding the matter,
condemned the Ciry of the ScyR1aNns to pay a great fum of Money. The Citizens refuſed to be
contributaries to the payment of the Fine, and bad them that robbed the Merchants, and had the Goods
m- their hands, - pey ic if they would. And therefore, becauſe there was no other likelihood, bur that
the Thieves themſelves ſhould be driven to anſwer the Fine, they fearing it, wrote Letters unto Cimon,
and willed ham to come with his Army, and they would deliver their City into bis hands: the which
was performed.. And thus Cimen having conquered the Iſland, drave out the Do.oP1ANs thence,
and rid the Sea £6 um of all Pyrates thereby. That done, remembring that the ancient Theſens,
the Son of egens, flying from Aruz Ns came into that Iſland of ScyRos, where King Lycomedes
ſuſpe&ting his coming, had traiterouſly ſlain him : (507 was marvellous carefull ro ſeek our his
Tomb, becauſe the ATHENIANS had an Oracle and Prophecy, that commanded them to bring his
aſhes and bones back again to ATHENS, and to honour him as a demy-god. Bur they knew not
Where he was buried, for that the Inhabicants of che Iſland would never afore confeſs where it was,
nor ſuffer any man to ſeek it out, till he at the laſt with much ado: found the Tomb, pur his bones
aboard the Admiral Galley ſumptuouſly decked and er forth, and fo brought him again into his
Countrey, four hundred years after Theſes death. For this, the People thanked him marvelloully,
and thereby he wan exceedingly the ATHEN1ANs good wills, and in memory of him they cele-
brated the judgement of the Tragical Plays of the Poers. For when Sophocles the Poer, being a young
man, had played his firſt Tragedy, 4ph pſion the Preſident perceiving there was great ſtrife and con-
tention amonſt the lookers on, would not draw them by lots that ſhould be Judges of this Play, to
give the ViRory unto that Poet that had beſt deſerved : but when {3mon and the other Caprains
were come into:the Theatre to ſee the ſame (after they had made their accuſtomed Oblations unto
the god, in honour of whom theſe plays were celebrated) he ſtayed; and made them to miniſter
an Oath unto ten (which were of every Tribe of the People- one) and the Oath being given, he
cauſed them to fit as Judges to give Cmcs which of the Poers ſhould carry away the Prize.
This made all the Poets ſtrive and contend who ſhould do beſt, for the honour of the Judges : but
Sopbocles by their ſentence bare away the Victory, But eAiſchylas (as they ſay) was ſo angry
and grieved withall; that he tarried not long after in ATHENS ,- but went for ſpightinco C1 _
N n where
Sochares Dece«
lean ſpake a-
gainſt Miltids
des requeſt for
the Garland of
Olive boughs:
' Cimon wan the
Iſle of $cyros.
The Council
of the Amphi-
ions.
Theſeus benes
broughrro A.
thens four hun-
dred years after
his death by
Cimon,
Sophocles and
A ſchylus con-
tention for Vi-
Cory.
SEſchylus a-
yercome by
Sopboelcs,
dwelleth in Ci-
licis, 3nd dis
eth there.
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44
Cimon ſang
paſſing ſweetly
Herophytus $4-
mian, gave
counſel to
chooſe rhe
Spoil.
Cimons libera-
lity and hoſpi-
tality.
Cimons charity
How Cimon
nſed his Goods
The hoſpitali-
ty of Lichas
Spartan.
Cimons godly
as.
where he died, and was buried near unto the City of G1 a. Jox writeth thas be beingſkur agyoung
Boy, newly come from C10 unto ATHENs, ſupped onenight with C:mor' at Laomedons Houſe,
and that after Supper when they had given the god thanks, (mon was entreated by the Company to ſing,
And he did fing with ſo good a grace, that every man praiſed him thar heard him, and ſaid he was
more courteous then Thewiſtocles far : who being in like company, and requeſted alfo to play upon the
Cithern,anſwered them, he was never taughr to {ing or play. upon the Cithern, howbeit he could make a
poor Village to become arich and mighty City. After thatdone, the Company difcourſing from one
matter to another, as it falleth out commonly in ſpeech, they entred in talk of Cimons doings : and
having rehearſed the chiefeſt of them, he himlelf rold one, which was the notableſt and wiſeſt par: of all
the reſt that ever he played. For the ATHEN1ans and their Confederates together, baving taken a
great number of barbarous People Priſoners, in the Cities of S:zs Tos and of Bi1zaxnT1un, the Con-
federates to honour him withall, gave him the preheminence to divide the Spoil amongſt them. Where-
upon he made the diviſion, and ſet out the bodies of the barbarous People all naked by themſelves, and
laid the Spoils and their Apparel by themſelves. The Confederates found this. diſtribution very un-
equall : but nevertheleſs {30x gave them the choice to chooſe which of the two they would, and that
the ATHEN1ANS ſhould be contented with that which they left. So there was a Samian Captain
called Herophytus, that gave the Confederates counſell, rather to take the Spoils of the Pzr51a ws,
then the PER $14 Ns themſelves, and ſo they did : for they took the Spoil of the Priſoners Goods
and Apparel, and left the men unto the ATHEN1ans, Whereupon C:mon was thought at that time
of the common Souldiers to be but an ill divider of Spoil, becauſe that the Confederates carried away
great ſtore of Chains, Carkanets, and Bracelets of Gold, and goodly rich Purple Apparel after the
PerS1AN faſhion: and the ATHENIANS brought away naked bodies of men, very tender and un-
acquainted with pain and labour, But ſhortly after, the Parents and Friends of theſe Priſoners, came
qut of PHRyYG1Aa and LyD14a, and redeemed every man of them at a great Ranſom : ſo that Cimor
gathered ſuch a maſſe of ready Money together by their Ranſom, as he defrayed the whole charges of
all his Galleys with the ſame for the ſpace of four Months after, and left a great ſum of Money beſides
in the ſparing Treaſure of ATHENs. Cjmon by this means being now become rich, beſtowed the
Goods which he had thus honourably gotten from the barbarous People, more honourably again, in
relieving his poor decayed Citizens : for he brake up all his Hedges and Incloſures ,and laid them plain
and open, that Travellers pafling by, and his own poor Citizens, might take as much Fruit thereof as
they would, without any manner of danger. And furthermore, he kept a continual Table in his Houſe,
got furniſhed with many Diſhes, but with Meat ſufficient for many perſons, and where his poor Coun-
trey men were daily refreſhed, thar would come unto that Ordinary : ſo as they needed not otherwiſe
care to labour for their living, but might be the readier, and have the more leiſure to ſerve the Com-
monwealth. Yet Ariſtotle rhe Philoſopher writetb, that it wasnot for all the ATHEN1ans indiffe-
rently, that he kept this ordinary Table : but for his poor Town{men onely in the Village of Lac1a,
where he was born, Furthermore, he had always certain young men waiting on him ot his Houſhold
Servants well apparelled, and if he met by chance as he went up and down the City, any old Citizen
poorly arrayed, he made one of theſe young men ſtrip himſelf, and change Apparel with the old man,
and that was very well thought of, and they all honoured him for it. Moreover theſe young men car-
ried ever good ftore of Money about them : and when they met with any honeſt poor Citizen in the
Market-place, or elſewhere, knowing his poverty, they ſecretly gave him Money in big hand, and ſaid
never aword, Which the Poet ſelf Cratinx leemeth to ſpeak of, in a Comedy gf- big inticuled the
Archiloches : au 541-51
1 am Metrobius the Secretary, he 2K
Which did my ſelf aſſure (in age) well cheriſhedgo'be + ©
At wealthy Cimon's board, where want was neygr. fpund,
Whoſe diſtributions and his alms did to the poor. abound.
There thought I for to paſs ming aged years alpay, - .
with that right noble goodly man, which was the Grecians ſtay.
Furthermore, Gorgias Leontine ſaid, that C:mon got Goods to ule them, + he uſed them to be
honoured by them. And Crit: that was one of the thirty Tyrants of ATHE Ns, he wiſheth and de-
fixeth of the gods in his Elegies :
The goods of Scopa's heirs, the great magnificence,
And noble heart of Cimon, he who ſpared none expence :
The glorious Viftories and = triumphant ſhows.
Of good Agelilaus King : good gods, oh grant me thoſe.
The Name of Zychas SpaRTAN hath been famous amongſt the GxtcIANs : and yet we know
no other cauſe why, faving that he uſed to feaft ſtrangers that cameto Laczpzmo n on their Feſti-
val day, to ſee the Sports and Exerciſes of the young men dancing naked in the City, But the magni-
ficence of Cimor, did far exceed the ancient liberality, courteſie, and hoſpitality of the Arms n1-
ANS : forthey of all other were the firſt men that taught the Gzzc 14 ws throughout all Gz z £c 8,
how they ſhould ſowe Corn, and gather itto maintain themſelyes withall, and alſo ſhewed them the
uſe of Wells, and how they ould light and keep fire, But C:mon making an Hoſpital of his own
Houſe, where all his poor Citizens were fed and relieved, and permitting ſtrangers that travel-
led by his Grounds , to gather ſuch Fruits there as the time and ſeaſon of the year _ :
6
4.15
he brought again (as it were) into the World, the Goods to be common amongſt them, as the Po- _
ets ſay they werein the old time of Saturns Reign, And now, where ſome accuſed this honeſt lj. <*"** >roughr
berality of Cimon, objeRing that ir was but to Hatter the common People withall, and co win their World ak
good wills by that means : the manner of lite he led , accompanying his liberaliry, did utterly con- a0,
fute and overthrow their opinions that way of him, For (mon ever took part with the Nobility,
and lived after the La c£D&MONIANS manner, as it well appeared, inthat he was alwaies againſt
Themiſtocles, who without all compaſs of reaſon increaſed the Authority and Power of the People:
and for this cauſe he joyned with .Ar:/tzdes and was againſt E phialtes, who would forthe Peoples
ſake have put down and aboliſhed eAreopagus Court, And where all other Governors in his time _
were Extortioners and Bribe-takers, (Ari/tides,and Ephialtes onely excepted) he to the contrary © inter
led an uncorrupr life in adminiſtration of Juſtice, and ever had clean hands, whatſoever he ſpake or did ſr ty and clean
for the State and Commonwealth, and would therefore never take Money of any man living. And m
for proof hereof, we find it written, that a Noblemanof Pers 1 a called Reſaces, being a Tray- Reſacer at-
tor to his Maſter the King of PzRrs14, fled ona time unto ATHENS, where being continually bai- rempred co
ted and wearied with the common accuſations of theſe rale-bearers and pick-thanks that accuſed him Þribe Cimon.
to the People, he repaired at the length unto C:mor, and brought him home to his own door two
Bowls, the one full of Daricks of Gold, and the other of Daricks of Silver, which be pieces of Daricks,
Money ſo called, becauſe that the name of Darixs was written upon them. C3mor ſeeing this of- whereof ſocal-
fer, fell a laughing, and asked him whether of the two he would rather chooſe, to have him his '**
friend or his hireling. The barbarous Noble man anſwered him, that he had rather have him his
friend, Then ſaid Cimorn ro him again, = with thy Gold and Silver, and get thee hence 2 A noble ſaying
for if I be thy friend, that Gold and Silver ſhall ever be at my commandment, to take and dif- of Cimon.
pole it as I have need. About that time began the Confederates of the ATHENIANS to be
weary of the Wars againſt the barbarous People , defiring thenceforth to live quietly , and to
have leiſure ro manure and husband their grounds, and to traffick alſo, conſidering that they had
driven their Enemies out of their Countrey, and that now they did them no more hurt : by rea-
ſon whereof they payed the Money they were ſeſſed ar, bur they would | furniſh no moe men nox
Ships as they had done before, Burt the other Caprains of the ATHENI1Aans compelled them
ro do it by all the means they could, and proſecuted Law againft them that failed payment, condem-
ning them in great Fines, and that ſo cruelly, that they made the Seigniory and Dominion of the
ATHENIANS hatefull unto their Confederates, . Howbeit. C;m0z took a contrary courſe to them ;
for he compelled no man, but was content to take Money. and void Ships of them that would nor,
or could not ſerve in their perſons, being very glad to ſuffer them to become flothfull Mongrels in
their Houſes, by too much reſt, and to tran{poſe themſelves from good Souldiers which they had
been, to Labourers, Merchants, and Farmers, alrogether altered from Arms and Wars, through
the beaftly ſlorhfull defire they had to live pleaſantly at home. And contrarily, cauſing a great num-
ber of the ATHENIANS one after another to ſerve in Galleys, he ſo acquainted them with con- The benefit of
tinual pains in his Voyage, that he made them in ſhort ſpace become Lords and Maſters over them, Ps = ler-
that gavethem pay and entertainment, For they began by little and little ro Hatter and fear the A- bor Bavart a
THENIANS,whom they ſaw trained continually in the Wars, ever bearing Armour, and carry- of eaſe md
ing their Weapons in their hands, becoming expert Souldiers at their charge, by reaſon of the Pay idleneſs,
they gave them ; ſo that in the end, they became Subjects and Contriburaries as it were unto them,
where before they were their friends and companions, So as there never was GRECIAN Captain
that bridled more the cruelty and Power of that mighty PzRs14N King, then {mer did : for |
after he had driven him out of all Gxzzcs, he left him not ſo, but following him foot-hot, as rey
we commonly ſay, before the barbarous People could take breath, or give wile and direct order for ;
their doings, he made ſo great ſpeed, that he rook ſome of their Cities from them by force, and
other_ ſome by praQtice, cauſing them to rebell againſt the King , and turn to the Grxtcians
fide : infomuch as there was not a man of War left for the King of PzRxs14 in all As1a, from
the Countrey of Ion1A, directly down to PamyHyL1a. And furthermore, being advertiſed
that the Kings Captains were upon the Coaſt of Pam rHyL1a, with a great Army by Sea, be-
cauſe he would fear them in ſuch ſort, that they ſhould not dare any more to ſhew themſelves up-
on the Sea, on'this fide of the 1ſles of the CHEL1DONIANS : he departed from the Ifle of Gn 1-
Dos, and from the City of Tx1021uM, with rwo hondred Galleys , the which at the firſt had
been excellently well made and deviſed by Them:ſtocles, as well for {wit failing, as for cafie turning,
Howbeit Cimor made them to be enlarged, tothe end they might carry the greater number of men
of War 'n Bartle, to aſſault the Enemies. And ſo went firſt againft the PHAsELITes (who
were GREC1ANS. born, and yet notwithſtanding would neither take the Gr £c1ans part, nor
receive their Army into their Havens) landed there, deſtroyed all the Countrey, and then came and
camped with his Army hard at their Walls. Burt the men of Ca1o being ancient friends of the PHa- ChjoanTfle,
SELITES, and in Cimons Army at that Journey, did ſomewhat pacifie his anger, and gave adver-
riſement ro them of the City of their doings, by Letters, which they tied ro their Arrows, and thot
over the Walls. -So as in the end they procured their peace, with condition, that the PHasE- _
LITES ſhould pay ten Talents for a Fine : and furthermore, ſhould alſo follow the Army of the cCOmm—_—
GRECIANS, and from thenceforth fight with them, and for them, againſt the barbarous People. MI aſe
Now E phorus ſaith, that the PzRs14aN Captain that had charge of the Army by Sea, was called T;-
thrauſtes,and the Captain ofthe Army by a: (alliſthenes wricerh that Ariomanaes,
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ds The Son of Gobrias, was the Kings Lieutenant, having chief Authority over the whole Army char
- Kings * lay at Anchor before the River of Eurymedon, and had no deſire to fight, becauſe they looked tor
Lieutenant of a new ſupply of fourſcore Sail of the PHOEN1C1ANs, that ſhould come to them from Cy-
his whole Ar- PRuUs, But (mon contrarily , ſought to fight before theſe Galleys of. the PHozn1cians
my by Sea, ri» came to join with them, and put his Galleys in order of Battle, determining to give a Charge,
OC and ,compell them to fight, would they, or would they not : which the barbarous People percei-
— Euryme- Ving, drew nearer into the mouth of the River Eurymedon, becauſe they ſhould not compaſs them
don. in behind, nor force them to come to Battle againft their wills, Which notwithſtanding, when they
| ſaw the ATHENIANS come to ſet upon them where they lay, they made out againſt them a Fleer
of ſix hundred Sail , as Phanodemus declareth : or as Ephorus writeth , three hundred and fifty
: .. Sail onely. 'But they did nothing worthy of ſo great a Power, at the leaſt rouching the Fight by
— _ Sea, but turned their Prores ſtraight to the River : where ſuch as could recover the mouth there-
Cane ond by of in time, ſaved themſelves, flying to their Army by Land, which was not far from that place,
Sea and Land, fet alſo in order of Battle. But the reft that were raken tardy by the way, they were lain, and
Cimontook their Gallies ſunk or taken : whereby we may know that there were a great number of them :
_ + nn for many were ſaved, as itis likely, and many alſo were ſplitted to pieces, and yet the ATHENt1-
_—_ Barzle ANS took two hundred- of them Priſoners, In the mean ſeaſon , their Army by Land came near
fought by the to the Sea fide : which Cimor perceiving, ſtood in ſome doubt, whether he ſhould land his men
Rirer of Eury- or not, becauſe it feemed a hard and dangerous thing unto him, to land in ſpight of his Enemies;
medon. and to put forth the GREc1ANns already wearied with the firft Battle againſt the barbarous Peo-
| ple, who were altogether whole, freſh, and lufty, and withall many in number againſt one. Ne-
vertheleſs, perceiving that his men truſted in their force, beſides the courage which the firſt Vio-
ry gave them, and that they deſired none other thing but to fight with the Enemies : he put them on
Land while they were hot yet with the firſt Battle, And ſo with great fury and loud cries they ran
immediately againſt the barbarous- People, who ſtood till and ſtirred nor, and received their firſt
Charge very valiantly : by reaſon whereof, the Battle grew ſharp and bloody, inſomuch as there
Cimon over- Were lain all the greateſt 'Perfonages and men of beſt account of all the ATyznians Army, Bur
camethe Bat- the other fought it out ſo valiantly, that in the end they wan the Field, and with marvellous dif-
tle of the bar- ficylty made the barbarous People fly, whereof they ſlew a great number in the place, and took
gs m_— the reſt Priſoners, with all their Tents and Pavillions, which were full of all ſorts of Riches. Thus
a; (mon like a valiant Champion of the holy Games, having in one ſelf-dzay won two Vidories,
and having excelled the Bartle' by Sea alſo which the GREcIians bad won within the Channell
of SALAMINA; with that which he wan then upon the Land :- and the Battle which the Gzz-
CIANS wan by Land before the City of PLat&zs, with that which he wan the day before
on the Sea : yer was he not contented with all this. For after two ſo famous ViRories obrained, he
would once again fight for the honour. 'of the Tokens of Triumph : and being advertiſed that the
fourſcore Sail of the PHOoENI1CrAaNs (coming too late to be preſent at the firſt Battle by Sea)
. were arrived at-the headof Hydra, he failed thicher. with all poſſible ſpeed. Now the Captains
of this Fleet knew no certainty of the overthrow of their chiefeft Army, but ſtood in doubt of
it, and would not -be perſwaded that it was overthrown in that fort : and therefore were they ſo
much the more afraid, when they difcried afar off the victorious Army of Cimonu. To conclude,
they loſt all their Ships, and the greateſt part of their men, which were cither drowned or (lain,
This ViRory againſt the PzxS1tAa Ns: did ſo daunt and pluck down the pride and lofry mind
Cimon broughe Of the barbarous PzRs 1a (King, as he made that condition of Peace ſo much ſpoken of in
the King of ancient Hiſtories, in the which he promiſed and ſware, that his Armics thenceforth ſhould come
Perfis ro con- no nearer to the GR EcC1AN 'Sea, then the cariere of a Horſe , and that he would fail no far-
dicion of peace. ther forward then the Iſles CHELIDONIANS, and CYANEANS, With any Galleys or other
Ships of War. Howbeit the Hiftoriographer {al;fthenes writeth, that it was no part of any Ar-
ticle compriſed within the Condition ot Peace, but that the King kept it for the fear he had of this
ſogreat an Overthrow : and that afterwards he kept ſo far from the Grtc1 an Sea, that Pe-
ricles with fifry Sail, and Ephialtes with thirty onely, did ſail beyond the Iſles Cysi1D0NI 4,
and no barbarous Fleer ever came againſt them. Yet notwithſtanding all this, amongſt the common
Ads of ATHENS, which Craterus bath gathered together, the Articles of this Peace are found
written at large, as a thing that was true indeed. And it is ſaid, that for this occaſion the
Callias ſent ATHENIANS built an Altar of Peace, and that PR (altias great honour , for that be was
Ambaſſadox to ſent Ambaſſador unto the King of PeRs1 A to take his Oath for confirmation of this Peace, So
_ «+ ag when all theſe Spoils of the Enemies were ſold to them that would give moſt , there was ſuch
-—"_—M " ſtore of Gold and Silver in the ſparing Coffers of their Treaſury , that there was cnough to ſerve
their turn for any ſervice they would employ it to, and beſides that, they had ſufficient to build up
the fide of the Wall of the Caſtle which looketh towards the South, this os th ty great Spoil did
ſo inrich them. - And it is ſaid moreover, that the building of the long Walls that joyn to the City,
Cimon wasat With the Haven, which they call the legs, was built and finiſhed afterwards : howbeir the firſt foun-
the charge of darions thereof were built with the Money Cimon gave towards it, for that the Work met with Moo-
CD Se riſh and watry places, by mean whereof they were driven to fill up the Marſhes with force of Flints
Ton Durenns*- and great Logs, which they threw unto the bottom, It was he alſo that firſt did beautifie and ſet
/ forth the Ciry of ATHENS, with places of liberal exerciſe and honeſt paſtime, which ſhortly after
were much efteemed. For he cauſed plain Trees to be ſet in the Market-place : andthe ann
whic
t- —_—
which be fry aryand naked, he made it now a pleaſant Grove, and full of goodly Springs
which he brought into it, and made tine covered Arbours to walk in, and goodly long ſmooth Alleys
co, run a good courſe in, On a time he had news brought him, thar certain PERs14a Ns dwelling in
CHERRO NESUs (to ſay, a demy Iſle of the Countrey of Thx ac1a) would not be gotten out, bur
ſent to the People of high THRac14, to pray their aid to defend themſelves againſt Cix.oz; of whom
they made bur little account, becauſe he was departed from ATHENS with avery few Ships, who fer
upon them onely with four Galleys, and took thirteen of theirs. And ſo having driven the PexStans _
out of CHERRONESUs, and ſubdued the Thrac1Aans, he conquered all the Countrey of CHtrro- _ on drive
N8Sus, from THRAC1a unto his own Countrey, And departing from thence, went againſt them of \. — 4
the Iſle of THas05s, that had rebelled againſt the ATHEN1AaNS : and having overcome them in Bar= |
tle by Sea, he wanthree and thirty of their ſhips, and beſides that took their City by Siege, and wan
the Mines of Gold lying beyond the ſame to the ATHENIANS, with all the Lands that belonged unto
chem. This Conqueſt made his way open into MA C EDO N, and gave him great opportunity to have
taken the beſt part thereof at thar preſent time, But becauſe he let it alone, and followed not that op-
portunity, he was ſuſpeRed to have taken Money, and to have been bribed by Preſents of King Alex-
ander : whereupon his ſecret Enemies laid their heads rogether, and accuſed him. But C;imon ro clear Cimon accuſed
himſelf before the Judges of this accuſation, ſaid unto them : I have practiſed friendſhip neither with and diſcharged
the IoNtTaNs, nor yet with the THESSAL1AaNs, both which are very rich and wealthy People: nei-
ther have I taken their matters in hand, as ſome other have done, to receive both honour and profic by
them, Bur indeed.I am a friend to the La c£D£MON1ANS ; forl confeſs 1 love them, and deſire to c;mo praiſeth
follow their ſobriety and temperance of life, the which I preier and eſteem above any Riches or Trea- the temperate
ſure : alchough I am very glad notwithſtanding to enrich our State and Commonwealth with the ſpoils life of the La-
of our Enemies, Sreſimbrorus reporteth this accuſation, and ſaith, that his Siſter Elpinice went to pany
Pericles houſe, (who was the ſharpeſt and ſtraighteſt accuſer of his) to pray him not to deal ſo extream- a—_—
ly with her Brother : and that Pericles laughing on her, ſaid : Alas, thou art too old, Elpinice,
zhou, now to overcome theſe matters. Yet for all that, when C:mons cauſe came to hearing, he was a * Areopagus
more gentle adverſary then any other of his accuſers, and roſe up but once to ſpeak againſt him, and wasa Village of
that for manners ſake onely : ſo that C:mon'thereby eſcaped, and was cleared of this accuſation, And Mrs by A-
furthermore, ſo long as he was preſent in ATHE Ns, he always kept the ſeditious People in obedience, Far manga
who would ever crols and thwart the Authority of the Nobility, becauſe they would have all the ſway dreeagita did
and rule in their own hands. But when C:imon was ſent abroad any whither to the Wars, then the firto judge cau-
common People having no body to gainſay them, rurned and altered the Government of the City rop= fes of murder,
ie turvey, and confounded all the ancient Laws and Cuſtoms which they had obſerved of long time, and = _ |
that by the procurement and ſerting on of Ephialres. For they took away all hearing of Cauſesin man- ,c,g2u ——_
ner fromthe Court of * «4 —_ and pur all Authority of matters judicial into the hands of the the Common.
People, and brought the ſtate of the City into a pure 'Democratia, toſay, a Commonweal ruled by wealth. |
the ſole and abſolute power of the People, Pericles being then in great credit, who altogether favoured P*nccratia,
the Peoples Fation, Wherefore Cimon at his return, finding the Authority of the Senate and Coun- A
cil ſo ſhamefully defaced and trodden under foot, was maryellouſly offended withall, and ſought to re- Pericte,in Ct:
ſore the ancient State of Judgement again as it was before, and ſer up the Government of the Nobiliry mons abſence
(called Optimatia) that was eſtabliſhed in the time of Ci/thenes. Bur then began his Enemies again with 7<duceth the
open-mouth to cry. out upon him, reviving the old former naughty rumour that ran of bim before, thar C—_ hs
be kept his own Siſter : and furthermore accuſing him, that he did favour the-LaczDamonians. gur.,
And amongſt other things, there ran in the Peoples mouths the Verkes of the Poet ©xpo/zs, which were Democratia Op-
made againſt Cimon.: timatiathe Go-
vernmen: of
, the Nobiticy.
No wicked man he was, but very negligent,
And therewithall to Wine much more, then unto Money bent.
He ſtole ſometimes away, as Sparta for to ſleep :
And left poor Elpinice bis Wife at home alone to weep;
Andif it be ſo, that being thus negligent and givento Wine, he have gotten ſo many Cities, and wori
ſuch ſundry great Battles; it is out of doubt then, that if he had been ſober and carefull, there had
never been before him nor fince, any Gr tc1aN Captain that had- paſſed him in glory of the
Wars. Indeed it is true, that from the beginhting he ever loved the manner of the La cxDamo- _ |
NIANS:; for of two twins which he had by his Wife Cl:tor:a, he named the one of them Lacede- _—_—
monixs, and the other Eleus, as Steſombrotus writeth, ſaying, that for that cauſe Pericles did ever |, TE
twit them in the teeth with their Mothers ſtock. Howbeit Diodorus the Geographer writeth, that g
both theſe two, and another third called T heſſalus, were born of 7ſodice, the Daughter of Euryp-
rolemus, the Son of Megacles. Howfſoever it was, it is certain that Cimons eredit grew the grea-
ter, by the favour and countenance which the Lac:D&Mo N14 Ns gave him, who had hated Thems-
ſrocles of long time; and for the malice they bare him, were glad that (3moz being but a young man,
did bear more ſway-in ATHENS then/he: which the ATHENtans perceived well enough , and
weze not offended, withall at the beginning, becauſe' che good will of the LaczD&moNnIAaNs to-
wards him, did bring them great commodity. Fori'when the Ar1tnians began to grow of
great Power, and -to practiſe fecretly, that the Confederates of the Gx :c1ans ſhould forſake
the LACED.EMONIANS to joyn with them ; the Lac ED&MONIANS were not angry _—
| | Na 3 F
—— =
CD erSnn bo ==-
_ . Jt
_
418 7. "© 10vY
for the honour and love they bare unto C:mor, who did alone in manner WnapearFihe affairs of
GREECE atthat time, becauſe he was = courteous unto the Confederates, and alſo thanktull unto
the LaczDEMONIANS, But afterwards when the ATHENIANS were aloft, and of great Power,
and that they ſaw Cimon ſtuck not for a little matter with the LaczD&MmoNIANS, but loved them
more then they would have had him : they began then to enyy him, becauſe in all his matters he had to
do, he ever highly praiſed and extolled the Lac :DaxoN1Aans before them, Bur ſpecially, when he ©
would reprove them of any fault they had committed, or that he would perfwade them todo any thing:
The LaczDamoNIANS (faid he) I warrant ye do not ſo, That, as Sreſmbrorws ſaith, made him
marvellouſly to be maliced of the People, But the chiefeſt thing they accuſed him of, and that moſt
did hurt him, fell out upon this occaſioh. The fourth yeax of the Reign of Archidams, the Son of
Zeuxidamus King of SPAR T A, there fortuned the wonderfulleft and moſt fearfull Earthquake in the
A'marvellous City of Lac ED&MoN, and thereabouts, that ever was heard of. For the Earth in many places of the
grear Earth- Countrey opened, and tell as into a bottomleſs pit, The Mountain Taygetum ſhook o terribly, chat
uake in Lac- points of Rocks fell down from it. All the Ciry was layed on the ground and overthrown, five
Term Mons Houſes onely excepted, the reſt being wholly deftroyed. And it is ſaid alſo, that a little before this
ver Earthquake came, the young men of that Ciry were playing with the young boys, exerciſing them-
ſelves ſtark naked under a great Gallery covered over : and as they were ſporting together, there ſtart-
ed up a Hare hard by them. The young men ſpying her, ran after the Hare ſtark naked, and oyled as
they were with great laughter. They were no ſooner gone thence, but the top of the Gallery fell down
upon the boys that were left, and ſquaſhed them all ro death. And in memory of the ſame, the Tomb
where they were afterwards buried, is called unto this day Siſmatias, as much to ſay, as the Tomb of
| thoſe which the Earthquake had ſlain. But King Archidamws foreſecing ftraight upon the ſudden, the .
Archidemus danger that was to come, by that he ſaw preſent, perceiving his Citizens buſie in ſaving their houſhold-
ney ſtuff, and thatthey were running our of their Houſes, maderhe Trumpeters to ſound a hot Alarm up-
Thite. Slaves) ON it, as if their Enemies had come ftealingly upon them to take the City, to the end that all the Inha-
and Bond- Hbitants ſhould preſently repair unto him (ferting all buſineſs apart) with Armour and Weapon. That
men to the L#- ſudden Alarm doubtleſs ſaved the Ciry of SearTA at that time : for the ILoT#, which are their
664emonian'» Slaves and Bondmen in the Countrey of La co N14, and the Countrey Clowns of little Villages there-
abouts, came running armed out of all parts, to ſpoil and rob them upon the ſudden that were eſcaped
from this Earthquake. But when they found them well armed in order of Battle, they returned back a-
gain as they came : and then began afterwards to make open Wars upon them, when they had drawn
certain of heir Neighbours unto.their Confederacy, and ſpecially the Mzss5N1ANns, who made hot
Wars upon the SparRTANS. Whereupon the LaczD&MoNIAns ſent Periclidas unto ATHENS,
to demand aid : of whom Ariſtophanes the Poet in mockage, ſaid :
Withwiſage pale and wan he on the Altar ſate,
Is ſcarlet Gown requiring aid, to ſucconr their eſtate.
Againſt whom Ephzaltes alſo ſpake very much, proteſting that they ſhould not aid nor relieve a City
that was an Enemy unto ATHENS, but rather ſuffer it to fall ro the ground, and to ſpurn the pride and
arrogancy of SPARTA under their feet, Burt ns #6 Critsas faith) being more carefull for the
——_ benefit of Spa kT 4, then for the enlarging and encreaſing of his Countrey, brought it to pals by his
4 aid for the perſwaſion, that the ATHE N14 Ns ſent him thither with a great Power to help them. And further-
Lacedamoni- more, Jon: rehearſeth the very ſelf-words that C:mon ſpake ro move the People to grant his requeſt.For |
anc. he beſought them that they would not ſuffer Gxz tc tohalt, as if Lacz:D&MoN had been one of her
7 a, = ATHENS the other : nor to ſuffer their City to loſe another City their friend, and ſubjett to
the yoke and defence of Gxtzct. Having therefore obtained aid to lead unto the Laczpamoni-
ANS, he went with his Army through the Cox1nTHIANS Countrey : wherewith Lachartws 2
Captain of Cor1NTH was marvelloully offended, ſaying , that he ſhould not have entred into their
Countrey with an Army before he had asked licenſe of them of the Ciry. For (ſaid he) when one
knocketh at a mans door or gate, yet he cometh not in before the Maſter of the houſe commandeth
him, But ye CoR1NTHIANS (ſaid (307 to him again) have not knocked at the Gates of the CLE0-
NAIANS, nor of the MEGARIANS, to come in, but have broken them open, and entred by force of
Arms, thinking that all ſhould be open unto them that are the ftronger. Thus did C:imor ſtoutly an-
ſwer the Cox1NnTH14 N Captain again, becauſe it ſt@d bim upon, and fo went on with his Army
through the Countrey of Cox1nTH. Afterwards the La cE:DaMoNIAns fent again unto the A-
THENIA NS, to require aid againſt the ME $$1N1ANs and the ILoT Es, (which are their Slaves)who
had won the City of ITuoME. But when the ATHEN1TANs were come, the La ctDamoNIaNs
were afraid of the great Power they had brought, and of their boldneſs beſides : wherefore they ſent
them back again, and would not employ them of all other their Confederates that came to their ſuc-
cour, becauſe they knew them to be men very tickle, deſiring change and alterations. The ATHE N1-
ANS xeprned home, miſliking much that they were ſent back again, inſomuch as ever after they hated
them-chat favoured the LaczDamonIANs in any thing. And for the Laczpawonians fake
therefore, taking a ſmall occaſion of offence againſt Cimor, they baniſhed him our of their Countrey
Cimon dapiſhed for ten years ; which was the full time appointed and limited unto them that were baniſhed with the
forten years. Offtraciſmon baniſhment. Now within the term of theſe ten years, the Laczpamonians for-
tuned to undertake the delivery of the City of Dx eros, from the ſervitude and bondage of the
PHOCIANS,
LA
4 *
. 2 £
+ %,. RE 4 |
. -- ” -
Et | #4
— —
PHOCIANS, WM
To puriren from the cuſtody and keeping of the Temple of Apollo, which is in the
ſaid City, Wherefore to obtain their defire and purpoſe, they came to plant their Camp near unto
the City of TANAGRE in PHOC2DE, where the ATHEN1 ans went to fight with them, (302 un-
derſtanding this, although he was in exile, came to the ATHenra ws Camp armed, with intent to
do his duty to fight with his Countreymen againft rhe LaczD=zmoN1AaNns, and fo went into the
Bands of the Tribe Oenide, of the which he was himſelf, But his own Co
Enemies cryed out a-
gainſt him, and ſaid, thathe was cometo none other end, but to trouble the order of their Battle, of
intent that he mighrafterwards bring them tothe City ſelf of AT # x xs. Whereupon the great Council
of the five hundred'men were afraid, and fent to the Captains'ro command them they ſhould not receive
him into the Bartle : ſo that Cimon was compelled ro depart the Camp. Bur before he went, he pray-
ed Euthippus ANAPHLYSTIAN, and his other friends that were ſuſpeRted as himſelf was to tavour
the LacED&MONIANS doings : that they ſhould do their beſt endeayour to fight valiancly againſt
their Enemies, to the intent their good ſervice at that bartle might purge their innocency towards their
Countrymen : and ſo they did. For the ATHE NTas keeping the Souldiers (30x had brought with
him, which were an hundred in all, they ſer them apart by themſelves in a Squadron, who fought it ſo
valiantly and deſperately, that they were (lain every man of them in the Field, leaving the ATHz x1-
A Ns marvellous ſorry tor them, and repenting then thar they had ſo unjuſtly miſtruſted them as Tray-
tors to their Countrey, Wherefore they kept not their malice long againſt Cimon, partly as I am per-
ſwaded, becauſe they called his former good ſervice ro- mind which he haddone totheir Countrey a-
foretime, and partly alſo, becauſe the neceſliry of thetime ſo required it, For the ATHz nN1aNs ha-
ving loſt a'greart Battle before TANAGRE, luoked for no other about the Spring of the year, but that
the PELOPONNES IA NS would invadethem with a great Power: wherefore they revoked Cimons
baniſhment by Decree, whereof Pericles ſelf wasthe onely author and procurer. So civil and tem-
e were mens enmirties at that time, regarding the common benefir of their publick State and Weal:
and ſo much did their ambition (being rhe moſt vehement paſſion of all other, and that moft troublech
mens minds) give place, and yield to the neceſfities and affairs of the Commonweal! Now when C5-
mon was again returned to ATHENS, he ftraight pacified the War, and reconciled both Cities to-
gether, And what he ſaw that the ATHENIAN $ could not live in peace, but would be doing ftill, and
enlarge their Dominions by way for lucres ſake: to prevent them that they _ —_ n out with
of PELOPONNE-
any of the Gr £C1ANS, nor by ſcouring and coaſting up and down the Countrey
_ and the Iſles of Gx Exc , with ſo great a Navy, ſhould move occafton of Civil Wars amongft
the GREC1ANSs, or of complaints unto > —rerys my them : he rigged and armed out two
hundred Galleys to go again to make Wat in CY yrus, and i
the ATHENIANS with the Wars of the barbarous People, and thereby make them lawfull gainers by
the ſpoils of thoſe their natural born Enemies. But when all things were in readineſs ro depart, and
the Army preſt to ſhip and ſail away, /3mor dreaming in the night had this Viſton : It ſeemed unto
him that he ſaw a bitch angry with him, and barking earneſtly at hum, and that in the midft of her bark-
ing, ſhe ſpake with a mans voice, and ſaid unto him ; (
N
Come hardily, ſpare net, for if thou come by me, "
My whelps and I which do here ftend, will quickly welcome thee.
This Viſion being very bard to interpret, «A ſtyphils; born inthe City of Pos100N1A, a manexpert
in ſuch conjeRures, and Cimons familiar friend, told him that this Viſion did beroken his death, ex- args >
tarion or t
d
pounding it in this ſort ; The Dog commonly is an enemy to him he barketh at. Again, nothing glad-
deth more our enemy, then to hear of our death, Furthermore, the mingling of a mans voice with the
MEDts is mingled with the barbarous People and the Grtc1a ns together. Beſides this Viſion, as
he did ſacrifice to the god Bacchw, the Prieſt opening the Beaſt after it was ſacrificed, about the blood
that fell ro the ground, there aſſembled a ſwarm of Ants, which carried the conjealed blood off from
the ground by little and little, and laid it all about C:mons great toe, a great while together before any
man marked it : (mon at the laſt ſpied it by chance : and as he was looking on them to mark what they
did, rhe Miniſter of the Sacrifice brought the Beaſts Liver thac was ſacrificed, ro ſhew him, whereof
the biggeſt end that they call the head was lacking, and this they judged for a very ill token. Notwith-
ſanding, having all things ready for preparation of this Journey, 1o as he could not well go back, he
launched into the Sea, and hoiſed Sail, and ſending threeſcore of his Galleys into EGy er, failed with
the reſt upon the Coaſt of Pam PHIL1A, where he wan a Bartle by Sea of the King of PERS1A, over-
coming the Galleys of the PHoEN1C1ANs and the C111cians, and conquered allthe Ciries there-
abouts, making the way. very open to enter into £GyeT. For he hadno (mall thoughts in his mind,
but reached to high Enterprizes, and determined utterly ro deftroy the whole Empire of the mighty
King of PsR$14, and ſpecially for that he underſtood Themiſtocles was in marvellous credit and re-
putation amongſt the barbarous People, becauſe he had promiled the King of Pers 1 a to lead his Ar-
my for him, and to do him notable ſervice whenſoever he ſhould have occaſion to war with the GR £-
CIANS, It isthonght this was the chief cauſe that made Themsſtocles poyſon himelf, becauſe he de.
{paired that he could not perform that ſervice againſt Gt tc £ which he had promiſed : affuring him-
ſelf that it wasnd eaſie matter to vanquiſh Cimons courage and good fqrtune, who lay at that time with
his Army all alongft the Iſle of Cy exus, promiſing himſelf great matters at that inſtant, But in the
mean
Cimoncalled
from exile.
in £6 y PT, becanſe he would acquaint -
Cimons dream:
ream.
Cimons death
barking of a bitch, ſignifierh nothing elſe bur an Enemy of the MeDpzs : becauſe the Army of the prognoſticared,
The caule of
Themiſtocles
willing dexh.
m—_
_—
A = .
- <- TT Pn
i > 1. oro
—#
_ - >
—_— s ——
—— .
a ©
—
YES SE
a. K
of WL
1%," Þ
mean {3moz ſent certain of his men unto the Oracle of Fupirer Ammon, tour hn ret queſti-
on : for no man ever knew neither thea nor ſince, for what cauſe he had ſent them thither, neither did
they alſo bring back any anſwer, For they were no ſooner come thither, but the Oracle commanded
The death of them ſtraight ro return ; ſaying unto them, that Cimon was then coming to him. So {imons men re-
— ceiving this anſwer, left the Oracle, and took their Journey back to the Seawards: Now when they
were come again to the GREcI1aNns Camp, which at that preſent lay in £6 y eT, they heard that (G-
07: was departed this World : and reckoning the days fince his death, with the inſtant of their anſwer
received from the Oracle, that Cimor was then coming urto him, they knew —_— that darkly he had
ſignified his dearhunto them,and thar at chat very time he was with the gods.He died at the Siege of the
City of C1 T 1uM in Cy PRus, as ſome report,or elſe of a hurt he received at a Skirmiſh,as other hold
Cimons death opinion, When hedied, he commanded them chat were under his charge, to return intotheir Coun-
kept very ſe- trey again, and in no caſe to publiſh his death : which commandment was ſo wiſely and cunningly han-
Crer. dled, that they all came home ſafe, and not an Enemy, nor any of their Confederates, that once under-
ſtood any thing of it. So was the Army of the Gxt c 14a Ns governed and led by Cimon, though him-
ſelf was dead the ſpace of thirty days, as Phanodemus writeth. But after his death, there was no Gr z-
= _ aft c1aN Captain that did any notable thing worthy of fame _ the barbarous People, becauſe the
-- 1 66 BM Orators and Governours of the chiefeſt Cities of Gx ttc ſtirred them up one againſt another , and
barbarous Peo- there was no man that would once ſtep in asa Mediator to make peace between them. And thus the
pleafter Ci=- GRECIANs now did one deſtroy and ſpoil another by Civil War amongft themſelves, which happily
mons demb. oaye the King of PERs14 leiſure and time to reſtore himſelf again, and contrarily was cauſe of ſuch
utter ruine and deſtruRtion of the whole power and force of Gxzzcs, as no tongue can well expreſs.
Indeed a long time after, King eAgeſilaus came with an Army of the Gr zc1ans into As1a, and
began a ſmall War againſt the Lieurenants of the King of Per s 14's Governours of the lower Coun-
treysof As1A : but before he could do any notable exploit, he was called home again by occaſion of
new troubles and Civil Wars riſing among the Gx Ec1aNs, and compelled to return into his Coun-
trey, leaving the Treaſurers ofthe King of PzRs1 a raiſing of Subſidies and Taxes upon the Cities of
the GRECIANS in AS14, although they were Confederates of the Laczpamonians, Whereas
in the time that C:mor governed, never ſaw any of the Kings Serjeants at Arms, or Commiilioner,
that brought any Letters Patents or commandment from the King, or any Souldier that durft come
near the Sea, by forty furlongs., The Tgmbs which chey call unto this preſent day Cimonia, do wit-
Cimons Monu- neſs that his afhes and bones were brought unto ATHENs. Nevertheleſs, they of the Ciry of C1-
mentsatAthens T1uM dohonoura certain Tomb, which they ſay is C:imons Tomb : becauſe that in a great dearth and
barrenneſs of the Earth, they had an Oracle that commanded them, not te neglet C:mon, as the Ora-
tor Naxficrates writeth it, but to honour and reverence him asa god. Such was the Life of this Gr z-
CIAN Captain, T .
The end of the Life of Cimon.
————
THE LIFE OF
LUCIVS LUCUL LUS:
<>
he.
SS
Ann. Mund. 4 Ant. Chriſt,
» 3879. 69.
© S for Ziculus, bis Grandfather was a Conſul, and ſo was Merellrs ( furnamed Lacullui By.
ge Namidicws, becauſe of his Conqueſt of Num1D14) his Uncleby the Mothers rencs.
2» fide. His Father notwithſtanding was convid of Felony, for robbing the Trea-
A ure of the State whilſt he was Officer : and Ceca his Mother was reported to
Z© have led an uncbaſte life. But for Lacxls ſelf, before he bare Office or Rule in
2 matters of State, the firſt thing he touched and took in hand for the Caule of his
"£-=- Country, was the accuſation of Servilixs the Soathſayer (who before had accu- ,
4 => cd his Father) for that he alſo had dealc falſly in his Office, and deceived the (h gerojtus
Commonwealth, And this the Romans thought very well handled of him, infomuch as 4 pretty the Soothſay-
while after there was no other talk in RoME bur of that matter, as though it had been a notable valiant Er-
a& done by him. For otherwiſe, though privately they had no juſt occaſion, yet they thought it a no- = —_—
ble deed to accuſe the wicked, and it pleaſed them as much to ſee the young men pur Law-breakers in p12 deed oh
fuit, asto ſee a notable good courſe of a Dog at a Hare: Howbeit there followed ſuch ſtir and banding accuſe che
uponthis ſuit,that ſome were very ſore hurt, and other (lain in the Marker-place : bur in fine, Servi/izs Wicked,
was cleared and quite diſmiſſed. Lucullus was very eloquent, well ſpoken, and excellently well learned Lucullus elo+
in the Greek and Latin T :inſomuch as SyKadedicated unto him the Commentaries of all his doings Jence-
which he himſelf had colle&ed, as to one that could better frame a whole Hiſtory thereof, and couch ir
more eloquently together in writing.For he had not onely a ready tongue to utter that he would ſpeak,
and vlead his matters with great eloquence, as other be ſeen to do, having matters of fuit or open audi-
ence ; Likg T onny Fiſh they be, Which ſwiftly dive and dop
| Into the depth of Ocean Sea, withouten ſtay or ſtop. |
But afterwards alſo when ye take them our of their common practice and pleadings :
| Then are they gravell'd ſtraight, witbouten grace or skil :
T heir eloquence lies then in dike, and they themſelves be ſtill.
For Luculles had tudied humanity from his youth, and was well learned in all the liberal Sciences :
bur when tit came to elder years, to refreſh his wit (after great troubles) he fell tg the ſtudy of Phi- Luculus fladi-
loſophy, which quickned the contemplative part of his ſoul, and mortified, or at the leaſt betimes <4 Philoſophy
bridled the ambitious and aRive part, ſpecially after the diſſention berwixt him and Powpey. Bur * _ ——_
to acquaint you berter with his Learning yer, it is ſaid, that when-he was a young man, he layed a
great wager with Aorrenſius the Orator, and Siſexna the Hiſtoriographer (in jeſt as it were at the
firſt, but afterwards it fell ro good earneſt) that he would write the Breviary of the Marsz at
Wars in Verſe or Proſe, in the Latin or Greek Tongue, which ſoever fell to his lor : and I chink
his
uy
_ a | ia , "9
; 7 TY OO CO IE Iny
422 LUCVUL L UV 5. _—
—_— A...
© oe > h iy 4
_ 1 - 58
Lucullus Book ÞiS Þap was to doit in Proſe in the Greek Tongue, becauſe we find a little Greek Story extant
ofthe War of Of the Wars of the Romans againſt the Maxs1ans. He dearly loved his Brother £14. Lu-
the Marfians Ccullus, as appeared by many manifeſt proofs , but the chiefeſt and moſt noted proof among the
in Greek. RomMANS was this, Himſelf was elder then his Brother e Harcws, and yet for all that would never
— w_ ſue to bear Office in the Commonwealth, nor accept any before his Brother, but tarried always
Marcus Lucie Fill be ſhould be choſen, and ler his own time paſs over. This great courteſie ro his Brother, ſo
and Marcus Lu- Wan the Peoples hearts, as Lucims being abſent, they choſe him Adilis, and his Brother Aarcas
cullus, both with him for his ſake, He was in the flower of his youth in the time of the Ma = 51a x Wars,
cholen Zdiles. wherein he did many wiſe and valiant deeds. The cauſe notwithſtanding that moved Syla to make
choice of him, was rather for his conftancy and good courteous nature, then for any other reſpe&.
For when Sy//a had .once won him, he ever after employed him continually in his moſt weighty cau-
Sylle gave Lu- ſes: as in Commiſtion ſpecially, he gave to him to Coin Money. For indeed part of the Money
cullus commiſ. that Sylla ſpent in. the Wars againſt King Mithridares, was coined by Lucullxs commandment,
fion tocoyn Within the Countrey of PELoryoNNEsus : whereupon they were called Lucullian pieces, and were
Money in Pe- corrant a long time amongſt the Souldiers, to buy ſuch things as they ſtood in need of, and never
Yoponneſur. refuſed by any. Sy#a being afterwardsat ATHENS, the ſtronger by Land,” butthe weaker by Sea,
ſo as his Enemies cut off his Victuals from him, ſent Zxcallus into AGy PT and Ly 14, to bring him
ſuch Ships as he found in thoſe parts, It was in the deep of Winter, and yet he ſpared not to fail
with three Brigantines of GREEct, and as many Galliats of the RHoD1ans , putting himſelf
not onely to the danger of the Sea in fo long a Voyage, but of his Enemies in like manner : who
knowing themſelves to be the ſtronger, went ſailing every where with a great Navy. But for all theſe
Lucullusgiveth dangers, he firſt arrived in the Iſle of CReTA, and wantheir good wills, From thence went to
Laws rothe the City of CYRENE, where he found the Inhabitants turmoiled with Civil Wars, and continu-
Cyreniani. all oppreſſions of Tyrants : from which troubles he delivered them, and gave them Laws toeftabliſh
Government among them, putting them in remembrance of Plato's words ſpoken to their Anceſtors
in old time, in the ſpiritof a Prophecy. For. when they prayed Plato to writethem Laws, and to
A notable ſay. 2PPoint them ſome form of Government for their Commonwealth, he made them anſwer : It was
ing of Plato. A hard thing to-give Laws to ſo rich and fortunate a People as they were. For to fay truly, as no-
thing is harder to be ruled: then a rich man : ſo contrarily, nothing readier to receive counſell and
government then a man in adverſity. This Leſſon framed the CyRE Nas at that timeto be more
civill and obedient to the Laws Lucutlus gave them. When he departed thence, he coafted towards
&Gcy yr, where he loſt the more part of his Ships by Pyrates : but for his own perſon, ſcaping their
Lucultus Jout- hands, he was very honourably received in the City of ALEXANDRIA. For all the Kings Army
- "—_ = came to meet him at Sea, gallancly trimmed and appointed, as they were wont to welcome home the
wy King when he returned from any Voyage by Sea : and King Prolomy himſelf being very young ar
that time, gave him as honourable entertainment as he poſſible could.z For amongſt other honours
that he did bim, he lodged 'him in his Court, and defrayed his ordinary diet, where never ſtrange
Captain was lodged before : and did not onely ſpend the ordinary allowance in feaſting of him which
he uſed to- others, but commanded four times as much Proviſion more to be rtade as he had be-
fore, Notwithſtanding, Zuc«llus rook no more then was reaſonable for his Perſon :-nor yer would
he receive any manner of Gifr, alchough the King had ſent him Preſents to the value of fourſcore
Talents. And which is more, would not ſo much as go ſee the wP of MEMPHIS, nor any 0-
' ther of the famous Monuments and wonderfull fights in AG yer, ſaying, that+it was for a man
that travelled up and down for his pleaſure, and had leiſure withall , to ſee ſuch. things, but nox
for him that had left his Captain in the Field, -at the Siege of the Walls of his Enemies, To conclude,
this young King Prolomy would in no caſe fall in friendſhip with Sylla, fearing leſt he ſhould there-
by put himſelf into Wars, but gave him Men and Ships to bring 'him into Cy pkus. And as
he was ready to imbarque, the King bidding him farewell, and embracing him, goerm a goodly
A notable rich rich Emerald ſet in Gold, which LZacxllus at the firſt refuſed, untill the King ſhewed him his Pi-
Emerald given ure graven in it : and then he accepted the Gift, fearing left the utter refuſal might cauſe the
Luctlus by -* King to think he went away diſcontented, and ſhould perhaps therefore lay an ambuſh by Sea for
—_ _ him, Thus _ gotten a certain number of Ships together of the Port Towns thereabouts,
under Sylls 4 over and beſides ſuch as the Pyrates and Sea-rovers had hidden , being part of their Spoils, and
$ea. beſtowed with their receitors, went on with them into CyyRus , where he underſtood that
his Enemies lay cloſe in certain Creeks under the foreland, watching ro board him as he failed by.
Lucullus ſtra= Whereupon he unrigged and beſtowed his Ships in Docks, and ſent word to all the Port Towns
ragem, thereabouts, that che was determined ro Winter there : and therefore willed them tro provide him
ViRtuals and other neceſſary Munition to be in readineſs againft the Spring, But inthe mean while,
when he ſaw time convenient, he put his whole Fleet again to the Sea with: all poſſible ſpeed,
went himſelf away, andin the day -time carried a low Sail, but in the night packt on all the Cloth
he could for life : ſo that by this crafty fetch he wan RroDss , and loſt not one. Ship, The
RAoDIANS they alſo furniſhed him with Ships : and befides them, he ſo perſwaded the Gx1-
DIANS and the Inbabirants of the Iſle of Co, that they forſook King Mithridates, and went to
make Wars with him againſt them of the Iſle of Samos. But Zacllus himſelf alone drave King
Mithridates men out of CH1o, reſtored the CoLoPHONIANS again to liberty, and took Epz-
gonu the Tyrant Priſoner, who had kept them in bondage. Now about that time, Mirbridates was
compelled to forſake the City of PzRGAMus, and to retire to the City PiTANs, within —_—_
Fimbria
" - 2 4
«TS 4 4
©
7;
—
FUCULLVUS. 423
_——
——
\
Fimbria kepthin belieged very ftraightly by Land. Wherefore Adrbridates having the Sea open @.. > ©.
upon him, ſent for his Force and; Navy 'ont of all parts, nor daring to hazard Battle: Sf Fimbris, —_—
who was very valiant, of a venturous nature, and at that time moreover was himſelt a Conqueror. tes in Pirane;
Fimbria perceiving what Mithrideter meant, and having no Power by Sea of his own, ſent ftraighe i
to Lucullxs, to requeſt him ro come with his Nayy into thoſe parts to his aid, for the overcoming
of this King, the greateſt and moſt -cxuel Enemy: that ever the Roca People had; Becauſe thar. |
ſo notable a prey, which they. followed with fuch danger and trouble, ſhould not eſcape the Ro- !
MA NS, While they bad him -in. their! hands, and; was come himſelf: within cheix. danger : and that
therefore he ſhould fo muckthe more hearken.14ars it, becauſe rhar, if it fortuned «Mithridates to
be taken, no man-ſhould win more ' honour 'and glory by his- raking, then he that bad ſtopped his
paſſage, and layed--hands on him, even as he thought to have fled. And thereby ſhould the praiſe
of this noble Victory run in- equality between them both : the one that had driven him from
Land, and the other that had hioned his pallage by Sea. And furthermore, that the Roma xs
would nothing regard all the famous Battles and Victories of Sylain GRttcE, which he had |
won before the Cyzics of ChotRoNEA and ORCHOMENSE , in compariſon of taking-the King; }
This was the effect of Fimbria's Mellage ſent unto Lucallus, wherein there was nothing, in the 'F
which there was not great likelihood. For there is no man that can doubt of it, bur if Luculxs would
have believed him at that time (and have gone thiher with his Ships ro ſtop the. Ravens mouth of
the City, in the which e Hitbridates was beſieged, conſidering allo that he was fo near at hand) this
War had taken end there, and the World belides had then been, delivered of infinite troubles
which fell out afterwards. But whether Lucalus preferred the conſideration and reſpeR he had un-
ro Syila, whoſe Lieutenant he was, before all other dye regard of ,private or common benefit : or that
he dereſted and abtiorred Fimbria as a curſed perſon, who nor lang before had through his wicked
ambition embrued his hands in the blood of his Captain : or el{e, that ir was through the ſecrer
Providence and permiſfion of the gods, that he ſpared M5rhridates at that time, to the end he
might be reſerved as a worthy Enemy, againſt whom he might afterwards ſhew his valour. How- Lucullus wouid
ſoever it was, it {o fell out that he hearkened not unto Fimbria's Meſſage, butigave Aithridates not aid im. il
time and leiſure. to fly, and finally ro ſcorn all F5mbria's Force and Power. Lucullus ſelf brizin beſieg- }
alone afterwards overcame the Kings Army by Sea, once near unto the head of Le&tum, which is i"s Mitbride- 1
on the Coaſt of TRoOADE : and another time near unto the Ifle of TExeDos, where Ne you
lemus, Mithridates Lieutenant by Sea, lay in wait for him with a far greater number 0 Ships Neoptoleniut;
then he bad. And yer ſo ſooh as Zucxullws bad deſcried him, he failed before all his Navy, being King Mithri-
Admiral, in a Galley of RHoDEs, at five Oars to # Bank , whereof one Demagoras was Ma- 44tes Lieutes
ſter, a man well affe&ed to the Service of the Romans , and very kilfull in Battle by Sea. nant by Sea; \8:
And when 2\ eoptolemas on the other fide rowed againſt him with. great force, commanding his Pilot | \
that he ſhout > order his Galley , that he might ftem him right in the Prowe : Demagoras - 15k
fearing the full meeting of the Kimgs Galley, which was very ſtrong and heavy, and furthermore, |
well armed with points and ſpurs of Braſs before , durſt not encounter her with his Prowe, bug
ninbly made his Galley to wind about, and turned his Poop towards him, Whereby the Galley
being low at the-end, received the blow without hurt, conſidering that they hit upon the dead Works,
and thoſe parts which are always above water, In the mean time Zucallxs other Ships were come, Lucallus par tg
who commanding his Maſter to turn the beak-head of his Galley forward, did many famous ads; fight Neopro-
ſo'that he made his Enemies fly, and drave Neoprotemus away. And departing from thence, went to 7 anon, \ mg
ſeek out Sylla even as he was ready to paſs over the Seas, about CHERRONESus t holp him to nan by Sea:
waft his Army, and ſo paſſed him over-with ſafery. Afterwards when Peace was concluded, and that
King Afithridates was come into his Realm and Countries again, which lie upon the Sea Maior, ,
Syila condemned the Province of As14 to pay the ſum of 20000 Talents for a Fine, by reaſon 1
of rlieir rebellion. And for fexying of his Fine, he left Zxcullxs there with Commiſſion to coyn |
Money : whichwasa great comfort and hearts eaſe ynto the Cities of As 14, conlidering the extre-
mity that Sylls had uſed cowards them, For in ſo grievous and odious a Commiſhon unto them all,
xs that was, ZLucullus did not onely behave himſelf uprightly and juſtly, but alſo very favourably
and courreoully. For, as touching the M1TYLENIANS that were openly in Arms againſt him,
be was very willing they ſhould know their fault, and chat for ſatisfaction of the offence they bad
committed taking Aſarins part, they ſhould ſuffer ſome light puniſhment, And ſeeing that they were
furiouſly bent 'ro continue in their naughtineſs, he went againſt chem , and having overcome them
in Baule, compelied them to keep within their Walls, and laid fiege unto their City, where he uſed
this policy with chem. At noon days he launched into the Sea, in the view of allthe MiTy LENI- £yucullus fira
ANS, and failed rowards the City of ELza : howbeit in the night time ſecretly returned back, and tagem ar the
making no noiſe, -layed an Ambuſh near unto the City, The M1TYLENIAaNns miſtruſting no- Sicge of the
thing, went on the next morning very raſhly without order, and without any manner of Watch or *#7{niane,
Ward, to ſpoil the Camp of the Romans, ſuppoſing every man had been gone : but L#-
cxlles coming ſuddenly upon them, took a great number Priſoners, ſlew about five hundred ſuch
as reliſted, and wan fix chouſand Slaves, with an infinite quantity of other Spoil, Now did the
gods happily preferre Lucallas, that he was no partaker at that time of the wonderfull miſeries and
troubles which Syila and Alavixs made poor ITALY ſuffer, even then when he was occupied inthe *
Wars of As14: and yet notwithſtanding his abſence, he was in as good credit and "4
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| Sylla, as any of his friends about him. For, as we have ſaid before, he d@cgred his 'EOnWentaries
Lucullus bono- ;unto him, forthe-good will he bare him, and by his laſt Will and Teſtament appointed -him' Tutor
redof Sylla; *\yrto his Son; Feaving Pompey out: which ſeemettyrq be the firſt occaſion of the quarrel and grudge
- = = _ that fell our afterwards berween them, becauſe they were both young men, and vehemently deſirous
dana Prager of honour.” Shortly after the dearh of Sylla, 'Zucullus was choſen Conſul with Aarems [orta, about
and Lucullus. the threeſcore Olympiade, and then they began- to revive the matrer again, that-it was very need- '
Lucullus M. fall to make Wars againſt e Hithridares, and ſpecially eHarcis (orta, who gave.out that it was nor
Cotta, Conluls qqed; but onely flepr for a while-' Wherefore, when the Conſuls came ro draw Lots what Provin-
&3 they ſhould rake charge of, *Zkrallus was marvellous ſorry that the Province of Gaur, lying
between the Alpes nd ITALY," fell ro his lot, becauſe he thought it no-Countrey wherein any great
Exploits were to be:done : and again, the glory of Pompey grieved him greatly, whoſe honour daily
encreaſed by the famous Battles he wan in SPAIN. - So that it was moſt certain, that ſo ſoon
as Pompey bad ended the Wars' there, they would have choſen him General in the Wars againft
Mithridates.”* Wherefore, wheri Pompey ſent to ROME in earneſt manner, to require Money to make
pay to his Souldiers, writing tothe Senare, thar if they did not ſend him:Money the ſooner, he would:
leave both Se#torjns and SPAIN behind him, and bring his Army back. into ITaLyY : Lacullus
made all rhe 'means hecould to have it quickly ſent him, fearing left he ſhould return into Itaty
upon any' occafion;' while he was Conſul. For he thought thar if he returned again'to Roms with
Cetbeeus a vi- ſo great an Army, he would eaſily do what he liſt : and the rather, becauſe that Cerhegus and' he
ciousliver, could not-agree, wha at that rime bare all the ſway and rule at Rome, becauſc he (pake and did all
that pleaſed the common People, being a vicious liver, and diffolutely given , for which cauſe Lu-
Lucius Quinti- cxillus hated hitn:- Bur there was another common Orator among the People, called Lucius Quin-
as aſeditious ;y;,* and he Would have had all Sylla's doings revoked and broken :. a matter to alter even the whole
_ XX fateof the Commonwealth, and-to' turmoil the City of Rome again with civil difſention, which
4 thenlived quittly and in good peace. This Lucius Quintius Lucullys talked withall apart, to per-
fade him, and openly reproved himwith ſuch words, that he was difſwaded from his evil purpoſe,
and by reaſon ruled his raſh ambition, handling it both wiſely and cunningly as he could poffible (for
-: the ſafety of the Commonwealth) becauſe it was the beginning of a diſeaſe, from whence infinite
'froubles were like tro grow. While theſe things were thus in hand, news came that Ofavixs the
| Governour of: Crt1c1a was dead; Straight whereupon many put :forward themſelves to ſue
' for this Charge, and -to' court *{#th#gns, as the onely man who above all other might make any
Witr Officer- whom he thought: good. Now for Luci:llus, he made no great reckoning of the Go-
' verhment of -C12.1cra "in reſpe&t'of rhe Countrey, - but becauſe Cay yADocIA was hard adjoyn-
| ' kig*to it: and perſwading himſelf that- if he could obtain the .Government thereof, they would
Lucullas ambi- 8ive none other (bur himſelf) the (Authority ro make Wars with Aithridates : he determined to
tion ro make ptoture all the means he could, rhat none ſhould have-it but himſelf, And having proved ſundry
Wars againſt wajes, was compelled in the end againſt his own nature, to practiſe a mean neither comely nor ho-
my Mithri- veſt, and yetthe readieft way he could poſlibly deviſe to obtain- his deſire. There was a Woman
Precica fa. In ROME atthat- time called Precia, very famous for her paſling beauty, and alſo for her pleaſanc
mous Curti- grace in talk and diſcourſe, howbeit' otherwiſe unchaſte afrer Curtizan manner, ' Bur becauſe ſhe
. Tan of Rome. employed the credit and favour of them that frequented her company, to the benefit and ſervice of
the Commonwealth, and of them/ that loved her : ſhe wan the report (beſides her other excel-
lent commendable graces) to bea very loving Woman, and ready to favour and further any good
enterpriſe, and ir wan- her great fame and reputation. Bur after he had once won Cethegus (who
ruled all the Commonwealth ar his pleaſure) and brought him ſo far to be in fancy with her, that
he could not be out of her ſight :- then had ſhe all the whole Power and Authority of Roms in her
hands, for the Peopledid nothing but Cerhegus preferred it, and (*rhegus did whatever Precia would
will” him to do. ' Thus Lacxllys fought ro come in favour with her, ſending her many Preſents, and
ofing all other courtefies he could ofter unto her ; beſides that it ſeemed a great :reward for ſo proud
and' ambitious a Woman as ſhe, to- be ſued unto by ſuch a man as Lxcallus was, who by this means
came to have (*thegus ar his commandment. For (rhegus did nothing but commend Zucullus
—— , ifiall Aſſemblies of the People, to procure him the Government of C111c1a'; who after it was
2nd the Wars Once granted him, had then no need of the help neither of Precia, nor yet of {erhegus.. For the
2gainſt King People wholly of themſelves with one conſent did grant him the charge to: make War with Jchri-
Mithridatcs, gates, becauſe he knew better how to overcome him-then any other Captain , and becauſe that
wy © Pompey was in the Wars with Sertorins in SPAIN, and Aerellus allo grown too old, both
"which two were the onely menthat could deſervedly have contended for this Office with him, Ne-
vertheleſs, Marcus (otta his fellow Conſull, made ſuch ſuit to the Senate, that they ſent him alſo
with an Army by Sea, to keep the Coaſts of PRoPONT1DE, and to defend the Countrey of B1-
THYNIA, Thus Lucallus baving this Commiſſion, went into" A$s14 with one Legion onely, the
which he levyed anew at Roms : and when he was come thither, he took the reſt of the ſtrength be
found there, which were men marred and corrupted altogether of-long time, through covetouſnels
F imbrian Soul- and delicacy of the Countrey.. For amongſt others, were the Bands which they called the Fimbriar
diers very diſ- Bands, men given over to {elf-will, and very- ill to be ruled by Martial Diſcipline, becauſe they had
ſolwe and 60r* 1;yed a long time at their own liberty, withour all obedience to- any man. They were thoſe ſelf
_ Souldiers that together with Fimbria, ſlew their General Flaccxs, Conſul of. the RoMaN People,
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425
3 frerwar: s betraye Fembria himſelf, and forſook him , leaving him unto Sy{la , being
” » Frairoursy and wicked People, howbeit otherwiſe very valiant , well trained, and pain-
full Souldiers. Notwithſtanding, ZLuc»{s inſhort time bridled their boldneſs meetly well and refor-
med the others alſo , who before had never proved (in my opinion ) what the value of a good Cap-
rain and Generall meant , that knew how to command : but were uſed to flattering Leaders , that
commanded the Souldiers no more then they themſelves liked of. Now concerning the State of the
Enemies , thus it was with them.. A43rhridates that in the beginning was very brave and bold ( as
theſe flouriſhing Sophiſters commonly are ) undertaking War againſt the ROMans, with a vain
unprofitable ay » bur paſling freſh and ſumptuous to the Eye : after he was once foyled and over-
come , with no leis ſhame then loſs, when he came to make his ſecond War , he cut off all ſuper-
fluous Pomp , and brought his Army into a convenient Furniture to ſerve for Wars at all aſſays,
For he put by the confuſed multitude of ſundry Nations, the fierce threatnings of the barbarous People
in ſo many ſundry Tongues , and clearly baniſht alſo the rich graven Armours with Goldſmiths
Work, and fer with precious Stones, as things that moreenriched the Enemies that wan them , then
gave ſtrength or courage to thoſe chat ware them, And contrariwiſe, cauſed long ſtiff Swords
to be made after the RomAN faſhion, and great heavy Shields , and brought to the Field a mar-
vellous number of Horſe , more ready tor Service then rich in Furniture, Then he joyned ſixfcore
thouſand Foormen together, appointed and fer in order like unto the Batrell of the RomaKs,
with ſixteen thouſand Horſe of Service, beſides choſe that drew his armed Carts with Sithes abour,
which were in all ro che number of an hundred. And beſides all this Land preparation , he brought
alſo a great number of Ships and Galleys together, which were not decked with goodly Golden Pa-
vilions, as at the firſt, neicher with Stoves nor Bathes , nor with Chambers and Cabbins, curiouſly
hanged for Ladies and Gentlewomen : but furniſhed full of Armour , Artillery, and Slings , and with
Money allo to pay the Souldiers. With all this Army and preparation , he went firſt to invade
BiTHYNIA , were the Cities received him very gladly , and not thoſe onely, but all the other
Cities of As1a wholly : the which were fallen again into their former miſeries and diſeaſes, by the
cruelty of che Rom a n- Farmers. and Uſurers, who raiſing Taxes and Impoſt; upon them , made
them abide: untollerable rhings. 'It is true that Zxcnlxs drave them away afterwards, like the
Harpye , which took the: meat out of the poor mens mouths : howbeit at char time he did
no more , but brought them to be more reaſonable by the perſwaſions he uſed unto them ; and
qualified a little the inclination of the People unto rebellion ,. being every one of them in man-
ner willing to revolt, Now Zxc#lxs being bufte about theſe matters, Aſarcxs Corra the other
Conſull (-and his companion ) ſuppoſing that the. abſence. of Lucullus was a fit occaſion offered
him to do notable Service , prepared to fight with Afithridates. And. although he had Newes
- brought him from ſundry places , that Z»cxllus, was with his Army in PHayG 14, and coming
- towards him : yer notwithſtanding , imagining that he had the honour of Triumph aſſured already
: in his hands, and becauſe Zxc»/1s. ſhould be no partaker of 1t , he advanced forwards to give
-» Battell, Byt:/fithridates overcame him both by Sea and Land: ſo that Corra by Sea loſt three-
ſcore of bis Ships with all the men in them , four thouſand Footmen by Land , and was ifter
- with ſhame. ſhut up and beſieged in the City., of CHarcepon , remaining there hopeleſs to
eſcape , but'by Z«callus onely aid. and, means. yHowbeit there , were in Zycullus Camp, that
were very. carueſt- with him: to leaye. Cotta y and, ro go further, aſſuring him thar heſhoutd find
the Realmiof Afithridates both! without men, of War , or any. defence at all ; ſo that he might
eaſily: be Lord of the whole: And theſe were'ghe, words of the Souldiers that fpited- Corta , be-
cauſe his fopliſh. raſhneſs and fond inlaginatich had not onely brought thoſe men to the ſhambfes
to: be. flain-and:caft away , whom he had the leading of: bur had let them alſo, that they could
--not overcome him, and end_this War without. blows , fox. that they were driven to go to
his help.' Howbeit - Z»callxy-making an Qration unto them, anſwered , that he Had rarher fave
the life of one -RoMan Citizen, then win. all, that his Enemies had in their Power, And” when
- Archelaus {who had been [irhridates Lieutenant in BoeOT 14. inthe firſt Wars againſt Sy/la,
.and now .in- the ſecond War. took. part with the Romans J affured him that 16 ſoon as they faw
--him inthe Realm-of PoxTus , they would Miri aguiſ eMithridates, and yeeld themſelves un-
- to him; \Luce/las anſwered him thus , that he would not ſhew himſelf more fearfultchen die goud
Hunters; which.never ſuffer the-Beaſt to recqver his Den. And. when he had ſo faid , be marchied
-. with/his Army towards Adithridates, baving in-all his Carp thirty thouſand Foormen , and two
- thouſand five-hundred Horſe:; ;,When he came fo near unto his Enemies , that he might caſfty ar.
Eye diſcerty all their Hoft , he-wondered at the great multitude of ' Souldiers "that ' were in their
Camp; and; wias.in mind tor give Battell , ſuppoſing yet , that the bettet way 'was to prolong
, time, and draw ghefe Wars out in length. But one Marius 4 ROMan Captain , whom S$tr-
ror5%5 had {entour of Sy ary unto. Mithridates with a ceriain number of Souldiers, came for-
wards , and provoked him to, Barell. L»cullu for bis part did put his men' aſs in readineſs to
fight : but; eyen-as both Bartels were prepared to. joyn , theEknient opened upon the ſudden,
without any; ſhew 'of change of weather diſcerned before 1 ays) they plainely ſaw a great flake of
fire fall between. both Armies , in forme, and, ſhape much like
. molten Silver. "This Celeſtiall Sign put e A L |
fought not a ſtroak : and this wonderfull ſight fortuned ( as oy ſay ) ina placeof PiryGra ,
.called Otryes. Now Lucallm afterwards confidering om timfelf, char chere was no awe
0 proviſion
Mith7j lure;
Army againti
L uculius.
Mithrilates
Army.
Aſua tel] into
for mer mile-
ries by the R9-
man Ulurers.
Cotta the Con-
ſull oyercome
by Mithridates
in Battel},
The god!y ſay
ing of Lucullus
forche ſaving
of a Cirizen.
Lutullus At-
my.
A flame of fire
V2 fell between
| tqQ a tun, and of the colour of both Armies,
both. che Armies in ſuch; a fear , as they both retired, and out ofthe E-
lement
S-" 7 4.Z a4 nr 52 ED
y y = I: ——
o ..4 => —_ go = —_ _
426
proviſion ſo grea in the world , that could ſuffice to VicualMfo"manyv
Lucullus poli= thridates had in bis Camp any long time together , having his Enemies lo
tick confidera- willed that one of the Priſoners ſhould be brought into his Tent, and firſt of all he enquired him,
tion ro deſci= pow many 6f them' lay rogether in'a Cabbin , then what Corn he hadlefe in their Cabbin. And
= the Ene= hen the Priſoner hadanſwered to all his demands; he returned him to Priſori7;.and ſent for another :
Mithridates
befiegeth Cy- portunity of a dark rainy night , and marched thitherwards with ſuch ſpeed , thar he was before
Kfeus: the Ciry of Cy z1cus by break of day , and pitched his Camp, where the Temple of the god-
of 260d couragy 3 and Valiantly*aBide the foty, of the Siege : untill ſach time as a little Boy of theirs
"eſcaped from the Etiemiies that, before had thkey fk Priloner , 'was 'come-again unto them, Of
- pen of him, ger: then hy or ip
D
Camp wi his Rliger : then; they | eq', and were C0
- near unto the City of Cy 2160s Wlled de”, and'it oo OY big
it in aCart' ,*and ſo carried #10 the Sea,and
'p ens which they- ſent from Heaven, and ſpeci-
to offer her ſelf; !
ro the Cizice- ;; City
nians to be ſa-. the re
crificed.
Ariſtagorax
Vihon.
elles
beit at the'break of day there: aroſe a great
Engins- of Battery which
.. Comdes
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427
it. - Then all ar one inftant,, the Sourhwind was became ſo vehement big , that in a moment ic burſt
all theſe Engines aſunder, and: ſpecially a Tower of Wood of the height of an hundred Cubits, which
the wind ſhook ſo vehemently , that it overthrew it tothe ground, And it is ſaid furthermore ,
that in the Ciry of 11um the goddeſs Afinerva: appeared unto divers in their fleep, all in a
ſweat , and ſhewing part of her Veil torn, as if ſhe had been newly returned from giving aid un- -
to the Cy ZICENTANS.: In confirmation whereof ', the Inhabitants of ILtum bave a Pillar yet
unto this = , whereupon this. matter 1s written. for a perpetuall memory. Now was Mithridites
marvellous ſorry for the breaking and loſs of his Engines , by means whereof, the Cy z1c x1-
AN had eſcaped the danger 'of aflault , and of the Siege in like manget , untili be truely underſtood
of the great famine that was in his Camp , and the extream dearth to be ſuch, as the Souldiers were
edkeref ro eat mans Fleſh ,, which (' bis Caprains-abuſing him ,) had for a time kept ſecret
from his knowledge. | Burt when be was enformed of the troth indeed , he left off his vain am-
bition obſtinately xo continue Siege : knowing: well that Zucatlas made not Wars: with threats
and bravery , but'( as the common. Proverb faith ) leapt on his belly with both his feer, that is to
ſay , be did what be could poſſible to cut off all the 'ViRtuals from him, And therefore one day
when Lacull»s was gone to aſſault a Caftle that troubled him , very near unto his Camp, Mithri-
dates becauſe he would nor loſe that opportunity , ſent the moſt part of his Horſemen to get Victu-
alsin BiTHYNIA , with all the Carts, and Beaſts of Carriage , and his moſt unprofitable Foormen;
Lycallus hearing thereof , returned again the ſelf ſame night unto his Camp , and the next morn-
ing betimes being in the Winter ſeaſon , followed: them by the track with ten Enſigns of Foot-
men onely , -and all his Horſemen. But the Snow was ſo deep, the cold ſo terrible ſharp, and
the Weather ſo rough, that many of his Souldiers not being able ro abide it , died by the way. For
all that, he marched on till, till he overtook his Enemies about the River of Rindacus ; where he
gave them ſuch an Overthrow, that the very Women came out of the City of Ar0Lttox1a,
and went to ſteal the Victuals they had loden, and to ſtrip the dead, which were a marvellous
great number as a man may judge in ſuch a caſe : and nevertheleſs there were taken fix thouſand
Horſe of Service, and infinite number of Beaſts for Carriage , and fifteen thouſand men beſides,
Extream Ex-
'ne inMithri.
m
dates Camp.
Proverb:
He lept on his
beily with his
cer,
Rindacus fl,
Lucullus over.
threw Mithrj-
all which ſpoil he brought to his Camp , and paſſed hard by the Camp of his Enemies. But 4ates Hort.
I wonder much at the Hiſtoriographer $a/aſt, who writing of this matter ſaith, that here was men, ©
the firft time that ever the ROma xs ſaw any Camels, Me thinks its ſtrange how he ſhould think
fo , that they who long before . bad overcome: Antiochu the Great under Scipio, and the 0-
thers that a little before had fought againſt _Arche/aus , near unto the Cities of ORcH0Mtns
and CHERONEA , ſhould not have ſeen Camels, But to return again to our matter. Aſi-
thridates being feared with this Overthrow , reſolved. with himſelf immediately to flie, with all the
ſpeed be could poſlibly make : and to entertain and ſtay Z«cxlzs. for a time behind him , he de-
termined to ſend Ar foricu bis Admirall with his Army by Sea, into the Sea of Grxttcs. But
#5 Ariſtonicus was ready to hoiſe fail, his own men betrayed him , and delivered him into the
hands of Lyculws , with ten thouſand Crowns which he carried with him, to corrupt ( if he could)
Mithridates
part of the Romans Army. AMithridares hearing of this , fled by Sea , leaving the reſt of his fled by Sea
Army by Land in the hands of his Captains, ro be brought away by as well as they could. Zx- Grenicus A.
cullus followed unto the River of Granicus, where he ſer ypon them , and after he had Main twenty Lucullus over-
thouſand of them , rook an infinite number Priſoners, And they ſay there died in that Wars, what *Þrowerh 2+
Souldiers , what Slaves , what Lackies , and other ſtragglers that followed the Camp, about the num... !7#44*e* Foot
ber of three hundred thouſand People, This done , Lucas: returned to the City of Cy 2xcus,where yer. - the R G
after he had ſpent ſome days , enjoying the Glory due unto him, and received the Honourable enter-
rainmenc of the Cy z1CENIANS : he went to viſit the Coaſt of HeLLEsPoNT , to get Ships to= Lucullus
, andto prepare an Army by Sea, And paſſing by TRoADE , they prepared his lodging with. Dream,
be nig
in the Temple of Yex«s : where, as he ſlept in t t , it ſeemed to him he ſaw the goddeſs appear
before bim , which ſaid theſe Verſes unto him :
O Lym fierce and tout, Why ſleepeſt thou ſo ſound ?
Since at thy hand ores 4 Prey , ts read) to be found.
Herewith he roſe incontinently out of his bed , being yer dark night , and calling his friends to hin,
told them the Viſion he had in bis Dream : and about that very time alfo there came ſome unto him
from the Ciry of It.1ux , that brought him news of fifteen Galleys of King Aithridates , having
five Oirs to every Bank , that were {cen in the' Haven of the Acya1a xs, and that ſailed towards
the Iſle of Lexnos, Whereupon Lacxll»; took Ships ſtraight , went and took thern every one :
for at his firſt coming he ſlew the Captain called 7dor»s , and went afterwards to the other Marriners
that lay at Anker on the Coaſt fide, who ſeeing him come drew towards Land with their Ships, in pur-
poſe to runthem all aſhore, and fighting above hatches, hurt many of Z«c#1lxs Souldiers, becauſe they
could not compaſs them in behind , and for that alſo the place where they had layed their Ships was
, fuch,as there was no way tv force them before,their Galleys floting in the Sea as they did,and the others
being faſtned tothe land as they were. Z«cull#s with much ado all this notwithſtanding, found means
in the end to put aſhore certain of the beſt Souldiers he had about him , in a place of the Iſle where they
might eaſily land. Theſe Souldiers went ſtraight and ſet upon the Enemies behind , flew ſome of them
evenat their firſt coming, and compelled thie xeſt to cut aſunder the Cables that faſtned the Galleys to
the Banks. Bur when they thought ro flie from Land, the Calleys bruiſed and broke one another : and
that worſt of all was , ran upon the Points and Spurs of Z xcallys Galleys : and ſo many of _ me
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ſtood above hatches were ſlain , the reſt raken Priſoners : amongſt whorgs, UH ariu the R
4.28
OMAN”
Captain was brought unto Lyce/tts , whom''Sertoziny had ſent out 'of . SpArN uno Mithridates.
He had but one Eye , and Zac»lms had commanded' his men betore they fought , not! to, kill any of his
Enemies thar had but one Eye , becauſe Aarins ſhould not dye ſo happy a death, as 10. be (lain,
but that he ſhould dye ſome' ſhamefall death , arid 'be' condemned” by: order: of Law.. That done,
Lucullus wefit iti-perſon with alfhe ſpeed he eould poflible ro- follow Adithridates-, : hoping, ro find
him yetupon'the Coaſt of BrrHy N14 , whiefe 'Foconjm ſhould bave ftayed himy : for he had ſent
this Yoconins before with a great number of His Ships unto the Ciry of N1c@MpDia, to op.
him from flyirg, 'But he -tarfied ſo long.in the He of $a mOTHRA c14 facrificing-to the gods.of
the ſame , and ro 'be received' int the Fratethiry '6f their. Religion', that he could never after come
near Mithridarez & ſtop him from flying : hivifig -dlready made: ſajl with all the whole Fleer, and
bafting with all poſſible ſpeed'to recover the Realm of PowTus , before Luculx4 could return
from whence he went. But m failing thithetwards;, he met with ſuch a tertible torm, that carried
part of his Ships ſo away , that they ran ſtraggling to ſeek their. fortune, 'and; part of them
ſplitted and drowned outright : fo that all the Coaſt and Rivers thereabouts , fox many days af-
ter, were full of dead Bodies and Shipwracks caft \aſhore by waves of the Sea, Now for Mithy;-
Mithridates in 44145 Own perſon , he was in a Ship of great burthen , the which for her ' greatneſs could -not ſail neer
nrgrne '" the ſhore , Hor tetoves Land, ſhe was alſo very evil to be guided by the Pilots. in: ſo boiſterous a
upon the Sea ſtorm : the Marrmers beſides were put out of all their Skill and- knowledge : and the Ship herſelf
by tempeſt. moreover took in ſuch ſtore of water, and was ſo-heavily charged withall , thatthey :durſt no more
put her out to the Sea, By reaſon whereof Msthridates was compelled to go aboard a little pin-
nace of Pirars , and to put himſelf and his Life into their hands , by whoſe help. in the end (be-
yond all expe&ation, but not without greatdanger) he got to Land, and recovered the City of
HERACLEA in «the. Realm of PONTus, Now here is to be noted , that the great bravery L,-
callus ſhewed unto the Senate of Rom +, fell*out .according to his imagination by the favour of
the gods. For when the Senate had appointed for ending of. theſe Wars, ro prepare a great Na-
Lucullus ambi- vy, of Ships, 'and therewithall had: given order alfo for three thouſand Talents : Zaculms ſtayed
tioncommend- them by Letters, that they ſhould nor do it, writing bravely unto them, that without all this Charge
. able. and great preparation he would be ſtrong enough to drive Mithridates from the Sea , with the
6tiely. Ships he would borrow 'of their Friends and Confederates. And indeed , through the ſpecial
favour of the gods , he 'brought ir ſo to paſs :- for they fay , that this terrible ſtorm that de-
ſtroyed the Army of Mithridates was raiſed up by. Diana , being. offended with the men of the
Realm of Pox Tus , becauſe 'they had —_ her Temple in the City of Px1a pos, and had
carried away her Image. Now there were' divers that councelled Z»ex/lus to defer the reſt of
this War untill another ſeaſon : but - notwithſtanding all their perſwaſions, he; went through the
Lucullus jour- Countrey of GALATIA and BrTHYNI1A to invade the Realm of Aithridates. In the which
ney into Pon- voyage , at the firſt beginning he lacked ViRtuals , fo that there were thirty thouſand men of
Fus, GarlaTia following his Camp, that carried every one of them a buſhell of wheat on their
N Or p__ ſhoulders : howbeit entring further into the Countrey , and Conquering the whole, there was ſuch
256- exceeding plenty of all things , that an Ox was {old in his Camp but for a Drachma , and a Slave art
four times as much. And of all other ſpoil there was great ſtare, that cither they made no reckon-
ing of it, or elſe they made havock of it , becauſe there was no man to ſell it unto, every man waving
The-mars 1o much of his ewn.” For they ran over all the Countrey unto the City of THEMISYRA,
Lucullus Sg. £0 the Valleys that lay uponthe River of Thermodon, and ſtayed no where longer then they were
diers, . a ſpoyling. Thereupon the Souidiers began to murmur at ZLucullwe , becauſe he aſſured all the Cities
upon Compoſition, and never took any of them by force, nor gave them any meansto enrich them-
ſelves by ;ſpoil.: and yet ſaid they , he would make us now go further , and leave Amz vs a great
rich City which we might eafily take by force, if it were bur a little ſtraightly beſieged; and lead us
into the Deſerts of the TiBaRENIANS and the CHALDE&ANS to fight againſt; eIithridates,
Lucullus paſſed over all theſe complaints , and made no reckoning of them, becauſe he would never
have thought that they would have fallen into fuch mutiny and fury , as afterward they did : and con-
Un trarily excuſed himſelf the more carefully to them thar blamed and reproved him , for- his long tar-
_— = rying upon Towns and Villages that were not worth the reckoning , and ſuffering Afiyhridates in the
cafe ro his mean time to gather anew force and Army together at his pleaſure. © For , he, that is the mark
Souldiers, **I ſhoot at, and thar maketh me linger time up and'down as I do., wiſhing nothing more, then that
« he might once again make himſelf ſtrong , and bring a ſecond Army tothe Field, that might em-
& bolden him to come eftſoons to fight with us, and run away no.more. . Do you not fee, ſaid he ,
& that at his back he hath an infinite number of Deſert Countries, where it is unpoſhible ever to fol-
<« low him by the track : and hard by him alſo the Mount Caucaſus, and-many other unpaſlible places,
& which are ſufficient not onely to hide him alone , but infinice number of other Princes and Kings
« beſides that would flie Battell , and not come to fight ?. Furthermore, it is but a-little way from
« the Countrey of the Ca sv1RENIANS unto the Realm of AxmzN14 , where T5graxes the King
« of Kings inhabiteth, whoſe Power is ſo great , that he driveth the PanTH1ans outof ASIA,
<« 2nd carrieth whole Towns and Cities of Grz tc z-unto the Realm of MzDp1a, and hath all Sy-
&« x14 and PALESTINE in his hands , and hath lain and rooted out the Kings and Succefſours of
<< the great Sel/eycus,and hath carryed away rheir Wives and Daughters priſoners by force, This great
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«* and mighty Kiny is allied unto Afztbridates,torhe married Mi:hridates Daughter : and it is nor
& likely that when A4thridates ſhall come and intreat him to help bim in bis diſtreſs, that T1grc-
« ves Will refuſe him, but rather we muſt think certainly that he will make wars upon us in
« his defence. And thus , in making haſte to drive out Michridares,, we ſhall bring our ſelves into
<« oreat danger ,. to provokea new Enemy, even Tigraxes againſt us, who of long time hath lurked:
« tor a juſt occaſion to make Wars with us : and.he can have no honeſter cauſe to take Arms, then
© to defend and keep a King his neighbour, and ſo near a Kinſman, from utter deſtruction, and
& onethat is -compelled ro leek unto him for ſuccour. What need we then to- provoke. him to
© procure it; and teach Mithridates ( which he -purpoſeth not) ro whom he ſhould repair for aid, to
« make Wars againſt our ſelves : and prick him forward , or to'ſay better , put him with our own
© hands into the way to go ſeck. aid of Tigranes, which of himſelf he will never do ( thinking
& it a diſhonvur unco him ) unleſs we drive him to.it for very neceſſity ? Is it not better for us to
« 5jve him leaſure and time, to gather a ſecond force again of himſelf, and his own People, that
* we might rather fight with.the COLcHIANS, T1BARENIANS, CAPPADOCIANS, and with
& ſuch other People whom we have ſo many times overcome : then with the Mtpzs and AR mt-
& NIANS, With this determination Zxca#us tarried a great while before the City of Am1sus , con-
tinuing this ſiege of purpoſe, without diſtreſling them at all. Afterwards when Winter was paſt, he
left Marena there to continue the fiege, and himſelf with the reſt of his Army went to meet X4-
thridates ; who had planted his Camp near unto the City of Ca n1ra, determining to tarry the
ROMANS coming , having gathered together again a new Army. of forty thouſand Footmen,
and four thouſand Horſmen , in. the which he pur, his moſt confidence and truſt , ſo that he paſſed
over the River of Lycus, and went and preſented Battell ro the Royans in the plain Field.
There the Horſmen skirmiſhed , and the Romans had the worſe : for there was one Pomponins 2
Roman taken, of great eſtimation, who was brought unto King Mithridates hurt as he was. Aſi-
thridates asked him , if in ſaving his Life , and healing his wounds , he would become his Servant and
Friend, Straight replied Pompoxius , With all my heart, quoth he, ſo that thou make Peace with the
ROMANS : if. not, 1 will ever be thine Enemy. The King eſteemed his courage much, and would do
him no hurt, And as for Lsca/lus he was afraid to come into the Plain , becauſe his Enemy was the
ſtronger of Horſmen : and he doubted alſo onthe other fide to take his way by the Mountain , be-
cauſe it was very high , uneaſieto climb, and full of Woods and Forrefts. But as he ſtood thus doubt-
full, they rook certain GRECIANS by chance that. were fled, and hidden in a Cave hard by , a-
rhongthe which there was an old man called Artemidorus , who promiſed Lncallus, if he would be-
leeve and follow him , be would bring himinto a ſureſtrong place to lodge his Camp , where was a
Caſtle above the City of Caz1Ra. Lxcnllus beleeved the old mans words, wherefore ſo ſoon
as night came, he raiſed great fires in the Camp, and went his way : and after they had paſſed cer-
tain ſtraight and dangerous waysof the Mountains, he came in the morning unto the place where
Artemido us had promiſed to bring him, Now the Enemies were marvellouſly amazed when day
light came , to ſee him there over them, ina place where if heliſt to. fight, he might come upon them
with advantage : and if he liked not to ſtir, it was unpoſlible to compell him. For he ſtood in-
different then to hazard Battel], or not, But in. the, mean ſeaſon, they ſay certain of the Kings
Camp. by chance were a hunting the Hart, The ROMa ns perceiving that , fell uponthem to cut
them off by the way : and they began by this mean one to charge another, in ſuch ſort ( relief grow-
ing ſtill' on either fide.) as Mithridates men, grew the ſtronger. But the Romans ſeeing their
men fly from the Trenches of their Campaboye, were in ſuch a rage, that they all ranin a choler
— —
Tigranes King
of Armenia,
married 2Mj-
thridates
Daughter,
Mithrilates
Camped at
Cabijra. Mithri-
dates Army,
Lycus fl.
The conſtancy
of a Roman
Souldier.
Lucullus flieth;
Mithridates
Horſmen.
to' Lucallus to' pray him he would lead them to Battell, and give them a ſignall to fight. Zucxl- The fight of
is , becauſe he would ſhew them by experience how much the preſence and eye of a good wiſe Ca- * Generall in
ptain in timie of 'need was, worth : commanded them they ſhould . not once ſtir , and he him-
a Bartel, is of
maryellous
ſelfin Perſon went down into the Valley , where he commanded the firſt of his men he mer withall jgrce.
flying, to ſtay, andreturn to the fight again with him. Which they preſently did, and all the other
in like caſe : and: thus gathering them together again , did eaſily make their Enemies return , that
before had them in chaſe , and drave them back , fighting with 'them even hard to their own Fort.
Afterwards upon. his return -again- to his Camp , he fer his Souldiers that fled , unto a certain A politick
pieceof work to ſhame them withall , which the Rowans are wont to uſe in ſuch acaſe : and II
that is, that he made them dig a ditch of twelve foot long , being intheir ſhirts, all untruſſed, and puniſh cow-
their other Companions preſent ſeeing them do it. Now there was in King Mithridates Camp, one ardlySouldiers,
Olthacys, Prince of the DakDaRIans ( which are certain Barbarous People dwelling upon the The Dardari-
Mariſhes of Mzotin ) a Noble Gentleman of his Perſon, Valiant and skiltull in-Wars , and a man what Peo4
of very good judgement to do any great enterpriſe, as any that was in all the Army, and further-
more a Prince of great good grace and entertainment in company , knowing how to. fafhion himlelf
with all men; :This Prince, being always at ſtrife with other Lords of the Countrey, and contend-
ing who ſhould baye the firſt place of Honour and favour about the King : went unto Afitbridater,
and promiſed him that he would do him notable- Service , and that was , that he would kill Zxcal-
lus. The King was very glad of this promiſe, and praiſed him marvellouſly in ſecret : howbeit open-
ly of purpoſe he did him many injuries, becauſe he might have ſome colour to counterfeit anger
and diſpleaſure , and to give way for him to goyeeld himſelf unto Lycslws, as hedid. Lucullms
was marvelious glad of him, becauſe he was one of the chiefeſt men of Name in all his Camp ,
and to prove him withall , gave him charge immediately : in the which he behaved himſelf -
| O03 well ,
ple they be.
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Lucullus dan-
well, that L»ucsllus greatly efteemed his Wiſdom , and commended his diligence in ſuch fore
that he did him this Honour , to call him ſometimes unto the Councell , and make him fit at his Boord.
ger byOlthecus One day when this DARDARIAN Prince Olthacus thought to have found fit occaſion to execute
Conſpiracy.
his enterpriſe, he commanded his Footmen to be ready with his Horſe our of the Trenches of the
Camp : and at noon days when the Souldiers took, reſt , and ſlept here and there inthe Camp ,
OlthacusPrince Cam ka ;
he wentunto Zcx/lus Tent , thinking to have found no body there to keep bim from coming in ,
of the Darda-
rians.
Lucullus Life
ſaved by ſteep.
_— Vi-
Cory of cer-
rn Mithri-
dates Caprains,
Mithridates
Noble-men
and familiars,
cauſe of muti-
ny and over-
throw of his
whole Army.
Mithridates
flieth,
Covetouineſs
the overthrow
of Souldiers,
A ftratagem
of Mitbridazes.
conſidering the familiarity Z«callu thewed him, laying alſo he had matters of great importance to
ralk with him of : and fure he had gone in immedyarely unto him, if fleep that cafteth away
ſo many other Captains, had not then preſerved and ſaved Zaczils that flept. For one of the
Grooms of his Chamber called Menedemus , who by good Fortune kept the door of the Tent ,
told him that he came in very ill time , becauſe Lacsllus being wearied with travell and lack of ſleep,
was but then newly layed down to reſt. Olthacws , whatſoever the other ſaid to him ; would not
be ſo anſwered , but told him , he would come in whether he would or not, for be muſt needs ſpeak
with him in a matter of great importance. Aexedemss anſwered him again , that nothing could
be of greater importance , nor more neceſſary , then the preſervation of his Maſters Lite and
health , who had need to take reſt : and with theſe words he thruſt him back with both his hands.
Olthacu was afraid then, and withdrew himſelf ſecretly out of the trenches of the Camp, took
his Horſe back, and rode ſtraight ro Afithridat:s Camp without his purpoſe he came for, which
was to kill Zucullus, And thus it plainly appeareth , that occaſion, and opportunity - of time,
even in great matters delivereth means to- ſave or deſtroy the Life of man , like as drugs and Me-
dicines given unto the ſick and diſeaſed Perſons. Shortly after, Zucnlxs ſent one of his Captains,
called Sornatins , to ger Victuals , with ten Enfigns of Footmen, Whereof Mithridates being
advertiſed, ſent preſently at his tail one of his. Captains alſo, called Afenander, unto whom Sur-
zatiu gave Battell, and ſlew him , with - ſlaughter of his men beſide. And afterward Lucs/lus
ſent another of his Lieutenants ,, Aarianus , with a great company of Souldiers, to get Vis
Ruals into his Camp more then he ſhould need. « Iithridares did not let flip this occaſion, but
ſent after him -two of his Captains alſo, called Menremachus and Ayron, with a great number of
men, as well Footmen as Horſmen : all which were ſlain, two onely excepted, that brought
News back to Afithridates Camp : the which he ſought to falve as well as he could , ſaying that the
loſs was much- leſs then it was thought for , and that it fortuned through the ignorance and raſhneſs
of- his Lieutenants, But Adrianss at his return paſſed by 2dthridates Camp with great Pomp
and Majeſty , carrying a number of Carts loaden with Corn and Spoyls he had won: which
drave Mithridazes ſelf into fo great a diſpair, 'and all his People into ſuch a fear and trouble, that
he preſently determined to remove 'thence. Whereupon, the Nobility and ſuch as had place of cre-
dit about him, began to ſend before , and ſecretly ro convey their Stuff our of the Camp, but
utterly prohibiting others to do the ſame. The reſt of the Souldiers ſeeing the ſtoutneſs of the
Kings Minions, began to ſet upon them with open force , not ſuffering them on the other fide once
to iſſue out of the Camp. This mutiny grew-to ſuch a fury , that they overthrew their carri
and ſumpter Moyls, and flew them preſently. Amongft others there was ſlain Derilaxs one of the
chiefeſt Captains of all their Camp, who had nothing about him bur a Purple Gown , for the
which they killed him : and Hermexs the Prieſt of the Sacrifiees' was troden under foot, and -
ſmothered at the Camp Gate , 'by reaſon of the multitude of thoſe that fled in ſo diſorder,
The King himſelf amongft others fled+, but having never a one of bis guard about him, nor any
of the Squires of his Stable to _ him a Horſe ; Prolimie , one of the Grooms of his Chamber,
perceiving him in the company of them that fled , lighted off his own Horſe, and gave him the
King , but even in manner too late. For the ROM a Ns that followed: him were then even hard at
his tail : and it wasnot for lack of ſpeed they miffed the taking of him, for they were very near
him ; but the covetouſnelſs of the Souldiers was the loſs of the Prey they had ſo long ſought for ,
with ſo great pain and hazard of Battels , and deprived Zuc«/lus of the Honour and reward of all
his ViRories. For they were ſo near unto him, that if they had but followed eAMithridates never
ſo little further, they had out of doubt overtaken him and his Horſe , and carried him away. But
one of the Moyls that carried his Gold and Silver ( whether by chance , or of pretended roll of
Mithridates , as a matter purpoſely abandoned to them that purſued) was found in the middeſt of the
high-way betwixt him that fled, and the Romans that followed, who there to rob the
Gold and Silver , fighting about it , that Adithridates by that means wan ſo far before them,
as they could never after come near him again. And this loſs was not all which the covetoufneſs
of the Souldiers made Zyculls to loſe. For, one of the chiefeſt Secretaries of the King being taken,
called Call:ftrat#s , whom Luc»l/ns commanded to be brought unto him to his Camp : they that had
the charge of him , hearing tell that be had five hundred Crowns in-a Girdle abour him, for greedi-
neſs of them , flew him by the way, and yet notwithſtanding. Zucailus ſuffered them to ſpoil
and deftroy the whole Camp of their Enemies. After Athridates flight , Lacallus took the City
of Can1Ra, and many other Caſtles and ftrong places , where he- found great Treaſure, and the
Priſons full of poor Priſoners of the Gxzc1aws , and many Princes akin unto the King him-
ſelf, which were thought to be dead long before : and then ſeeing themſelyes delivered from this
miſerable bondage , by the grace and benefix of Zacallus , thought with themſelves they were
not onely taken out of Priſon , but revived and turned again unto a ſecond Life, There was alſo
taken one of King Mithridates Siſters called N5ſa , whoſe takiog fell our profitable for her :
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becauſe all Mithridates other Wives and Siſters, whom they placed furtheſt off, a out of all danger
( and ſent into a Countrey of greateſt ſafery , near unto the City of PHannacia ) died pititul- »1vhy;1ces
ly, and were miſerably lain. For Mthridates ſent one of the Grooms of bis privy Chamber un- lew his Siſters
to them, called Bacchides , to bring them word that they muſt all dye. Amongſt many other Noble #nd Wives,
Ladies , there were two of the Kings Siſters, called Roxane and Statira, which were forty years
old a piece, and yer had never been married : and two of his Wives'alſs whom he had married,
both of the Countrey of Ion1a , the one called Berexice, born in the Iſle of Ca10, and the other
AMenime, in the Ciry of MiLETuM. AMonime {he was very famous amongſt the Gzzc1ans:
for notwithſtanding King Mithridates importunace —_ being far in love with her, in ſo much
as he ſent her fifteen thouſand Crowns at one time, yet the would never give car uno his ſuit,
untill ſuch time as the marriage was agreed upon between them, and that he had ſent her his Diademe
or Royall band, and called her by the Name and Title of Queen. This poor Lady: after the mar>
riage of this Barbarous _ » had long lived a wofull Life, bewailing continually her accurſed beau-
ty , that in ſtead of a Husband , had procured her a Maſter : and in ſtead of the macrimoniall compa-
ny which a Noble Woman ſhould enjoy , had gstten her a guard and Garriſon of Barbarous men,
that kept her as a Priſoner, far from the ſweet Countrey of GREtcs : in change whereof, ſhe had
bur a dream and ſhadow of the hoped goods ſhe looked for , having unfortunately left them with-
in her own Countrey ſhe happily enjoyed before. Now when this Bacchides was come unto them,
and had commanded them from the King to chuſe what manner of death they would , and which
every one of them thought moſt eaſie, and leaſt painfull : Afonime pluckr off the Royall Band
from her head, and tying it on a knot about her neck, hung her ſelf, but the Band not being 7" courage of
ſtrong enough , brake incontinently. Whereupon ſhe cryed out : O curſed and wicked tiflue , 4,77" 20
wilt thou not yet ſerve me to end my ſorrowfull days? And ſpeaking theſe words, caſt it on the CN
ground , and ſpit upon it , and held out her throat to B acchi4es ro be cur aſunder. The other Berti- Monime her
nice, ſhe took a cup full of poyſon, her Mother being preſent, who prayed her to let her have half, throaz was
the which ſhe did, and they drank it off berween them. The force of the poyſon was ſtrong e.. <ut-
nough to kill the old Mother weak with age, but not ſo quickly to deſtroy the Daughter , becauſe
ſhe had not taken that proportion which would have ſerved her turn , bur drew out the pains of her
death in length , untill ſuch time as B acchides haſting to diſpatch her , ſhe in the enddid ftrangle her
ſelf, As for the Kings two Siſters, Roxane and Sratire, which were Virgins yet unmarried, they Pn
fay , that -one of them alſo drank poyſon, curſing and deteſting the cruelty of her Brother { how- ftrangled hes
beit Statira gave never an ill word, nor was faint-hearted or ſorrowfullto dye, but contrarily did elf.
commend and thank her Brother highly , that ſeeing himſelf in danger , bad not yet forgotten them , The courage =
but was carefull to cauſe them to dye, before they ſhould fall as ſlaves into the hands of their Enemies , bb ome > wu
and before they could come to diſhonour them , or do them villany, Theſe pitifull misfortunes wene *”* _
to Lucnullns heart , who was courteous and gentle of nature : nevertheleſs he went on farther, ftill
following Aſirh» idates at the heels : unto the City of Tataura. And there underſtanding that
he was fled four days before unto Tioranes in ARMENIA , returned back again , having firſt ſub»
dued the CHALDEANS, and the T1BARENIANS, taken ARMENIA the leſs, and brought the
Cities, Caſtles and ſtrong places unto his obedience, That done , he ſent Appins Clodins unto King A49p;us Clodive
Tigranes to ſummon him to deliver Mithridates unto him : and: himſelf took his journey t ſent utto Ti-
the City of Am15us , which was yet beſieged. The cauſe why this fiege continued ſo long, was the grancs from
| ſufficiency and great experience of the Captain that kept it for the King, called Callimachm, who Ln ,
underſtood ſo well how all ſorts of Engines of Battery were to be uſed , and was ſo ſubtill befides in po nm of
all inventions that might ſerve to defend a place beſieged , as he troubled the Romans much in Amiſue,
this attempt : but afterwards he was not onely met withall, and payed home for all his labour,
but alſo outreached by Z«cu/lws for all his fineneſs. For where before he had always uſed ts ſound
the retreat at a' certain hour, and to call his men back from the affaulr to reſt them t one day he Lucullus wan
brake that order on the ſudden, and coming to aſſault the Wall, at the firſt charge wan a piece of it, 4i/s-
before thoſe within could come in time to reſiſt them. {a/limachas ſeeing that, and knowing it was
now unpoſſible to keep the City any longer , forſook ir. But before his departing he ſet the City Collimaidne
on fire, either for malice to the Romans , becauſe he would not they ſhould enrich themſelves emſu aye”
with the ſack of ſo great a City : or elſe for a policy of War to have the moreleaſure to ſave {jerh,
himſelf, and fly, For no man gave eye to them that tled by Sea, becauſe the flame was ſo great,
that 'ir diſperſed it ſelf even to the very Walls, andthe Ro» a x Souldiers, they onely. prepared ro Lacuſus cour-
ſpoil. Lacxll»s ſeeing the fire without , had compaſſion of the City within, and would gladly have —
bolpenit, and for that purpoſe prayed the Souldiers quickly ro quench it: but not a man would ,,;;,, te
hearken to him, every one gaping after the ſpoil , making great noile with claſhing of Harneſs ,
and being very houd beſides otherwiſe, till at the length enforced thereunto, he gave the Ciry wholly
to ſpoil , hoping thereby to ſave the Houſes from fire, but it fell out clear! contrary, For the
Souldiers thernſelyes in ſeeking all about with Torches aud Links lighted, to ſee if any thing were
hidden, they ſer a number of Houſes on fire. So as Luca/ls coming into the Ciry the next morning,
and ſeeing the great deſolarion the fire had made, fell a weeping, ſaying unto his famitiar friends about r.ucultus gentle
himhe had oftentimes before thought Sy/1a happy , howbeit he never-wondred- more at his good For- ſaying.
tune, then thar dayhe did, For, Sy//a ſaid he, defired to ſave the Coy of ATHENS, the gods granted
him that favour that be might doit : but I that would fain follow him therein , and fave this City,
Fortune thwarting my deſire , hath brought me to the reputation of Adummine , that cauſed Co-
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RINTH to be burnt, Nevertheleſs he did his beſt indeavour- at that time to help the poor City'as
gain, For touching the fire, even immediately-after it was taken, by Gods providence there tell
ſhower of Rain as it was newly kindled , that quenched is : and' L»cx#lns ſelf before he leſt .the
City, madea great number of the Houſes which were ſpoiled by fire , to be built up again, and
courteouſly: received all the Inhabitants that were-fled , beſides them , he placed.other Gxtc1ans
there alſo , that were willing to dwell amongſt them, and increaſed the bounds and confines of the
City which he gave them , one. hundred and twenty furlongs in the Countrey. This City was a
Colonie of the ATHEN1ANS, who had Built and Founded it, in the time that their Empire flouri-
ſhed, and that they ruled the: Seas : by reaſon whereof , many flying the Tyranny. of. eriſtov,
went to dwell there , and were made free of the City , as the naturall Inhabitants of the ſame. This
good hap fell: upon them, that forſaking their own goods , they went to poſſeſs and enjoy the
goods of other men : but the very Citizens of ATHENS it {elf that had eſcaped, from this great
deſolation , Zxc«/ls cloathed them well , and gave them two bundred Drachmas a piece , and ſent
' Tyrannion the {hem again into.their Countrey. .75ran»io» the Grammarian was taken at that time , whom ſu @-
Grammarian 34 begged of Lacullus, and Lucullu having granted him unto him , he made him free , wherein he
taken, dealt very diſcourteouſly , and did much abuſe Zxcu/lze liberality and Gift unto him, For in be-
ſowing this Priſoner upon him , who was a famous Learned man , hedid not mean 2ſ#rena ſhould
"take him. for a:bondman , whereby he ſhould need afterwards to make him free, For ſeeming to
make him free.,-and Yeſtore him to liberty , was no more then to take that Freedom and liberty
from him, which he had from his Birth, But in many other things , and not in that onely, Aſure-
2a laid himſelf open to the world , that he had not all the parts a worthy Captain ſhould have in
him. - When- ZLuczllas departed from Am1sus, he went to viſit the Cities of As1 4a ;to the end that
whileſt he was/not now occupied with Wars , they might have ſome refreſhing of Laws and
juſtice, For,; by reaſon that Law was not executed of long time in As1a , the poor Countrey
was ſo afflicted and oppreſſed with ſo many evils and miſeries , as no man living would ſcant beleeye,
nor any Tongue can well declare. For , the extream and horrible eovetouſneſs of the Farmers,
Cuſtomers, and ROMan Ulſurers., did not onely devour it , but alſo kept it in ſuch bondage and
thraldom.,; that -particularly. the poor Fathers were driven to {el their goodly .young Sons and
Daughters in niarriage, to pay the intereſt and uſury of the Money which they had borrowed to
diſcharge. their fines withall ; and publikely the Tables dedicated unto the Temples , the Statues
. of their- gods; and other Church Jewels: and yet in the end , they themſelyes were alſo to be judg-
ed bondmen and ſlaves to their cruell creditors, to wear out their Bodies in miſerable ſervitude,
. And. yet the worſt of all was, the pain they putthem to before they were ſo condemned : for they
impriſoned them , ſer them on the rack, tormented them upon a little Braſen Horſe, ſet them in
| * -the Stocks, made them ſtand naked in the greateſt heat of Summer, and on the Iceinthe deepeſt
morph 'of Winter, ſo as that bondage ſeemed unto them a relief of their miſeries, and a reſt of their tor-=
from excream MENS. Lucnllzs found the Cities of As14 full of ſuch oppreſſions , but in a ſhort time after he
uſury. delivered them all that were wrongfully tormented. For fixſt he took order , they ſhquld account
Thar is afier .for the uſury that was payed monethly, the hundred part of the principal! debt onely , and no
the pe more, Secondly, he cut offall uſuries that paſſed the principall, _ » Which was the greateſt
hundred for | Parter of all , he ordained that the creditor and uſurer ſhould enjoy the fourth part of the profits
the year. and revenues of his debter. And he that joyned uſury with the principall, that is to fay , took
Laws fet down uſury upon uſury , ſhould loſe the whole, So that by this order, all debts were payed in leſs then
foruſurers. four years, and the owners Lands and revenues ſet clear of all manner of payments. This ſur-
charge of uſuries , came of the twenty thouſand Talents , wherein Sy//a had condemned the
Countrey of A$1A : the which Sum they had payed twiſe before unto the Farmers and Colle.
ors of the Rowars, who had raiſed it , ſtill heaping uſury upon uſury to the Sum of ſixſcore
thouſand Talents, Wherefore theſe Colle&ors and Farmers ran to ROME, and cryed out upon
Lucallus , ſaying, that he did them the greateſt wrong that could be : and by means of Money,
they procured certain of the common Counſellors to ſpeak againſt him : which my eaſily
do, becauſe they had divers of their Names in their Books that dealt in the affairs of the Common-
wealth of ROME. Bur Zacallus was not onely beloved of thoſe Countries whom he did good uhto,
: - but was wiſhed for and deſired alſo of others , who thought the Countries happy that might. have
_ ys ſuch a Governour, Now for Appizs Clodizs , whom Lucvllus had ſent before from, Tar au a
—ww-vny We unto King Tigraxcs in ARMENIA , and whoſe ſiſter at that time was Zucwlus, Wife : he firſt
took certain of the Kings men for guides, who of very malice guided bim through the high Coun-
trey , making him fetch a great compaſs about , by many days journeys ſpent in vain : untill, ſuch
time as one of his infranchized bondmen that was born in SYx14 , taught him. the right way,
Whereupon he diſcharged theſe Barbarous guides and leaving the wrong wayes they had led him,
Eupbrates fl. within few days paſt over the River of Euphrates, and arrived /in the City of ANT10cn, ſur-
named Ey1DAPHNE. Where he had commandment to abide Tigrawes return, who was then in
the Countrey of P#0E N1c1a, where he ſubdued certain Ciries , and had ſome other yer to Con-
- quer. Appiug in the mean time wan ſecretly divers of the Princesand Noblemen, that obeyed this
ARMENTAN King but for fear, by force, and againſt their wills , amongſt whom was Zarbienme,
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whom nevertheleſs he gave in expreſs charge , that for the time they ſhould not once ſtir , or
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alter any 'thing. For the rule, of theſe Axwenians was intolerable to the Greciaxs , and
ſpecially rhe pride and arrogancy of the King. Who, by reaſon of his great proſperity , was Tizrancs pride
grown to. fuch pride and prelaniption , that whatſoever men did commonly eſteem beſt , and make 2n« power,
moſt reckoning: of, he would not _ have-it ,.and uſe it as his own, but als took it that all
was made for bimſelf-whatſoever,: and this great overweening .grew , by reaſpn of fortunes ſpeciail
grace and fayour rowards him. ; For at the; beginning be had but yery litle ,; and yer with this
Iitle C which” few made reckoning of) le conquered many great Nations , ad. plucked down the
Power#of the PzxS14NS avmuch as: any: man. that ever- was before bir, ;He repleniſhed
the Countrey::@f: MES0Pomaatia with QRBELAN Inhabieamts , which, he brought by: force
ou. of Cri1c1s and Carfanocia, compelling them. ro! inhabit there. ; ' He made the A-
RABIANS _ their mainer- of living ;, who /are. otherwiſe. called the ScenITEs , as much
10 ſay , as Tene dwellers;, becaule they are.vagrant People that dwell in no other Houſes but Tents;
' which they-ever-uſe to carry with them; .and- brought them gur of their natural} Countrey , and
made them followhim , ufing:them for his cormoduy in-trade>of Merchandize.. There were ever
many Kings m his Court thar-waited on him'; but.amongſ} others, he had four Kings that waited
continually on .bis Perſon as his Footmen-z fox when he rode abroad any whither, they ran by
his ſtirrop in their ſhirts. And when he was ſet in his Chair of State to give - audience , they
ſtood on rheir' feet about his, Chair holding. their hands together , which countenance ſhewed. che
moſt maniteſt [confeſſion and tokens of bondage. that they cquld' do unto him : as if chey had
ſhewed rhereby-rhat they reſigned all their liberty , and offered their Bodies unto their Lord and :
Maſter , rhore;ready to. ſuftes , then any thing to do. Notwithſtanding , Appins Cl:dims being The boiineſs
nothing abaſhed nor feared with all this Tragicall, Pomp , - when audience was: given him , to] of Apples Ch
King, T :granes boldly to- his! face, that be was come to carry King Afithridates away with him, Pair bryan
who was due 10 the Triumph of Zacutus : and rheretore did fummon him to deliver that King in- unto Tigrance.
to his hands, or-clſe that he ;proclaimed Wars upon himlelf, - They that . were preſent at this
ſummons , knew well enough , "that op ( alchough he fer a 'good countenance on the matter
openly with a faint c it-laughing ) yet hearing theſe words {o boldly and gallantly ſpoken
out of this mans mouth , was galled to the quick , and hit at the heart. For 7:gr«nes ha-
ving reig or” to ſay better , Tyrannicatly governed ) five and twenty years ſpace, had never
heard any bold or frank ſpeech bur that. \ Norwithſtanding ; he anſwered Appixs , that be
would not deliver 24uhridates ,. and it the ROMans e Wars with him, that he would
defend himſelf; . And being greatly offended that Zucullns in, his Letters gave him not the Title,
King of Kings, but onely King fimply : in the Leuers he wrote back to Lucell»s again , he did.
not {o much as vouchſafe to call him Captain onely. But when Appixs took his leave , he ſent him Aptiue abſtis
goodly rich Preſents , which be refuſed. Whereupon the King ſent others again unto him, nence from ta.
not think he refuſed ought of king of Gifts,
. or ill will: and fo ſending all the reſt again upro him. , "made great haſte to return to
his Captain ZLucullus, Now Tigranes betore that time would, not once fee King 27ithridates his
{ near kinfman,, who by fortune of Wars had loft ſo puilſant gnd great a Kingdom , bur
proudly kept him: under , it Fenny, Mariſh and ynwholſome Grounds , without any Honour given Tigrncs and
uato him ,/as if he had been; a very Prifoner indeed: boybgit then he ſent for him honourably, ##hridates
and received him with great courtelie, When they wexe near together in the Kings Pallace , they **©"s-
4alked ſecretly - one with another , and excuſing themſelves , clearing all fuſpicjons conceived
between thenx,, |to- the great hurt of their Servants and Friends , whom they burthened with all aferrodorss
the occafion of unkindneſs between them : amongſt . which number Metrodorus the ScEpS1AaN proileand
was one , 2 man-excellently well Learned, Eloquens in ſpeech , and one whom Mitbridates ſo much 4*:Þ-
loved and eſteemed , that they called him the' Kings Father, Aithrigares at the begigning of his
Wars bad fenr him: Ambafladour unto Tigrayes , to pray aid of him againft. the Rowans,
At which time! 75grevc: ſaid unie bim - but what ſayeſt thou ro it Mrrrodorys: what advice wilt
thou give me > Merraderns excber becauſe he had regard unto Tigrazes profit , or elſe becauſe he
was foth Afirbrideres ſhould eſcape, anſwered him again : As Ambaſſadour , O King , 1 would
wiſh you ſhould do it : but as.2 Counſellour, that you ſhould not do it. Tigrancs now report-
ed this ſpeech uni Afiebridetes , riot thinking he would bave hurt 2erroderys for it, though
indeed be preſently put him to deahwupen it. Whereat Tigr ares was heartily forry., and repented
ima grealys-10 have told him fo'gwch , alihongh he was not altogether the —_— of bis caſti
away , having but only feyived Afithridates evill will before conceived againſt him : tor he ha
born him diſpleaſure of a long time , as appeared amongſt his ſecret Papers and Writings that
aere taken from him , where he bad ordained that Adetrodorns ſhould be put to death : but m re- Amphicrates 2n
compence thereof T 5grancs, buried his Body, honourably , ſparing no coſt atall unto the dead Bo- Or ator of 4-
of him; whom {ing he had beirayed:” There died in King Tigraxes Court alſo an Orator ns , died in
wr Ampbicraves , s eryechat mention Hhould be made of him, for the City of ATHeNs SY.
ſake wherein: he 'was born / far it is ſaid , that be was baniſhed ou of his Countrey, he fled in- $;1e1c5s a City
40 the City of Sz Leuc1 4A, which taaderh upon the River of Tigris. When the Inhabitants of anding upon
the ſame praicd him to teach themhe Art of Eloquence in their Copntrey , he would not vouchlate 7527's fl.
i, but anſwered chem proudly : chat a Plaizer was t0 lizle 10 bold a Dolphin in , meaning that FO
their Ci was too fmall a (bing to consain it, From chence he went unto Cleopatra , Mithrida- yiphin in ;
705 Daughter , and King Tigraves Wife , wheze' he was quickly ſuſpected and accuſed : fo that he Proverb.
Was
Oe EE ES EE Es
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J bs, 2
.
—_—_—_—
444 LV.CVL
was forbidden to frequent the GREc1ans company any more , which grieved” him fo: much
that he famiſhed himſelf to death , and would eat no meat. that man was alſo very ho-
nourably buried by the Queen Cleopatra , near- unto a place called Sapha, as call it in that
Countrey, Now when Zncnllus had quieted all things in As1Aa , and had bliſhed good
Laws among them , he was not carel alſo of Games, Feafts, Wreſtlings, and Fence-playes
at the ſharp for joy of his ViRory , delighting all the Cities of As14 with them , the which in
recompence thereof did inftitute a ſolemn Feaſt alſo in the Honour of him , which they 'called Ly-
cullea , and did celebrate it with great joy , ſhewing a true and no fained friendſhip aff good
will cowards him , which pleaſed him better , and was more to his contentation , then al the
Honour they could deviſe to give him. But after that eppius Clodine was returned from his
Ambaſſade, and had told Zxc»ilns that he muſt-make Wars with Tigranes : Lucyllus went back
again unto the Realm of PoNTus , / where he took his Army which he had left in Garriſon ,
and brought it before the Ciry of S1Nn0 = to lay Siege unto it , or rather to befiege certain C11.1-
Lucullus taketh CIANS that were gotten into the Ciry in the behalf of Afrhridates. But when they ſaw Lacul-
Sinope in Pon- Iu come againſt them, they ſlew a great number of the Citizens , and ſetting fire on the City, fled
PMs. their way by night. Lacallus being advertiſed of it , entred the City , put eight thouſand of the C1-
LICIANS to the ſword which he tound there ,” and reſtored the naturall Citizens and Inhabitants
Lucullus thereof to all that was theirs. But the originall cauſe that made him to be carefull to preſerve the
Dream. City , was this Viſion he had. He thought in his nights Dream that one cameto him, and ſaid : g0
alittle further Lucxllus , for Antolycus cometh , who is defirous to ſpeak with thee. This Dream
awaked him , bur being awake could not imagine what the Viſion. meant, | It was the ſelf ſame day
As 3, 00 the which he took the City of SiNoes , where —_——— Ns that eſcaped by
by 8:henze, Aying, be found an Image lying on the ground upon the Sea fide, which the C121c1.4 ws would
Aurolycusfoun.. have carried away : but they were taken and followed ſo near , that they had no leafure to ſhip it.
der of the Ciry This Statue ( as it is reported ) was one of the goodlieſt and notableſt Works of Srhexg the Image
of Sinope. graver. And ſome ſay it was the Image of Autolycws, who founded the City of S1x0es, For
Avrolycus was one of the Princes that: went out of THEsSALy with Heycwles to goagainft the
AmMAazONsS, and he was the Son of Deimachus, And they report that at the return from this
voyage, the Ship in the which A»tolycus was imbarked , with Demoleon and Phlogius, made Ship-
wrack upon a rock of the Coaſt of CHzRrONESUS. , Where ſhe was caft away : howbeit that
he and his men ſcaping with all their Furniture , - catme to the Ciry of S1nOpsz , which he' took
. « 4. . ..% * , : NR 7 Y
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=> 9 of from certain SYRIANS , who came ( as they ſay ) of one Syrws the Son of _— of the Nymph
$yll2's note for Synope: Aſopms Daughter. Lucall»s underſtanding this: matter , called a ſaying of $ylla to mind,
Dreams, which he wrote in his Commentaries : that nothing is more certain , nor we may give
more credit unto , then that which is ſignified to us by Dreams. In the mean ſeaſon he was ad-
vertiſed that Tigranes and Mithridates were ready to come down into LycaOn1la and C1-
LICIA,, becauſe they might firſt eriter As14. LZucellus marvelled much at Tigraves Councell, that
ſithence he was minded to War with the Romans, he did not uſe Afithridates aid in his Wars
at ſuch time, as when he was in his beſt ſtrength and force : and that hedid not then joyn his Power
with Mithridates , rather then ſuffer him to be deſtroyed and overthrown , and afterwards with
Machares 4. @ cold hope go now to begin a new War, hazarding himſelf with thoſe that could not help
thridates Son themſelves, While theſe things paſſed in this ſort , Adachares King Mithridates Son , that
prayerh friend. kept the Realm of Bos eHORus , ſent a Crown of Gold unto Lucsllss , of the weight of a thou-
ſap of Lucul- ſand Crowns, praying him that he would name him a Friend and' confederate of the ROxA' Ns.
Whereupon Lyc#llxs thought he was then at the very laft end- of his firft War |, and leaving
Lucullus goeth $y-nativus with fix thouſand men; to keep the' Realm of POxTus , he d with twelve
y_— ers thouſand Footmen , and leſs then three thouſand Horſmen , to go-to the ſecond War. And
company, Herein all the world condemned him, and thought it too raſh and light a part of him, to go
with ſo ſmall a company to fight with ſo many Warlike Nations , and to put himſelf unto the
hazard of ſo-many thouſands of Horſmen , in a marvellous large Countrey , and of a wonderfull
length , environed- round about with deep Rivers and Mountains , covered with Snow all
the year through : ſo that his $ouldiers , which otherwiſe were no ſpeciall well trained men, rior
The quarrel- obedientto their Captain! , followed with an evill will , and did ſtubbornly diſobey him. And
ling Counſlel- on the other ſide, & Common-Councellors at Rom cryed out on him continually , and openly
lors * _— proteſted before all the People ; that our of one War he ſowed another , which the Common-
wobdky. * wealth had nothing to do' withall ; and that he looked after none other thing but ſtill to raiſe new
occaſions of Wars , to the end: he might always have Armies-at his commandment , and never
Lucullus came leave the Wars , becauſe he would make himſelf great with the Coft and perill of the Common-
ro rhe Riyer of wealth, Theſe crying Counſellers in the end i purpoſe , which was , to call home
: place, Lucallss for all that, marched on with
+4 r wag his Army with all the poſſible ſpeed he could, ſe that he came in few days unto the River of Eu-
— pbrates , the which he found very high and rough'; by reaſon of the Winter ſeaſon ; which trou-
The ſtrange bled him marvellouſly at that preſent , doubting left ' it would hold him there a long time in find-
and ſudden fall ing out of Boats, and making of Poſts and Planks to build a Bridg to paſs 'over his Army, But
of che River of ;g yards night the water began to fall a little, and in the night fell ſo much , that chenext _—
Euporates from 1+. River was come to her ordinary ſtream :' and moreover the Countrey-men themſelves dil-
legs adds cerning certain little Iſlands that appeared unto them in che middeſt of the Warer-courſe , - the
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"ad never een change before : as though at his coming the River had ſuddenly yeeld-
"ao him, and was become gentle to give him fafe and eaſie paſſage. And becauſe he would nor
loſe that opportunity , he paſſed over his Army immediately : and was no ſooner on the other ſide,
but he mer with a happy roken,of ' good luck, which was this, On the other fide of the River,
there was a certain number of Kine conſecrated ro Diana Perfica, whom the barbarous People Dizns Perſice.
inhabiting beyond the River of Euphrates , do. reverence and honour above all the other gods:
and theſe Kine they employ to none other uſe, but onely to Sacrifice them unto this goddeſs. Kine confecra..
wander all about the Countrey where they will , without any manner of tying , or ſhack. *©* *2 Pians
lng otherwiſe, having onely the mark of the goddeſs , which is, a Lamp printed upon their Toes
Bodies , and they are not eaſie to be taken when one would have them , but with great ado. One of
theſe conſecrated Kine, after that Lacallus Army was paſſed over Euphrates , came to offer her ſelf © ftrangething
upon a rock which they ſuppoſe is Hallowed or Dedicated unto this goddeſs, bowing down her = prone” wg
head , and. ſtretching out ber neck , like thoſe that are tyed ſhort, asif ſhehad come even of pur- her ſelfco j
poſe to preſent her ſelf ro Zucu/ws, to be ſacrificed as ſhe was. Apd beſides her , he ſacrificed a culus to be (a-
Bull alſo unto the River of Euphrates , in token of thanks for his ſafe paſſage over. Laculus riliced.
the firſt day did nothing but incamp himſelf onely , on the other fide of the River : but the next
morning and the other days following, he went further into the Countrey by the River of SopnzxE, = > gy e7
—
hurting none that came and yeelded unto him , or that willingly received his Army. For when his
men would have had him to have taken a Caſtle by force , where they ſaid was great ſtore of Gold
and Silver , he ſhewed them Mount Taurus afar off, and cold them , it is that which he muſt rather
g0 to take : as for the things which be in this Caſtle, they be kept for them that vanquiſh. And
going on ſtill with great Journeys , paſſed ' over the Kiver of Tigris, and fo entred the Realm of Tigris fi;
ARMENIA With a main Army, Now for Tigranes , the firſt man that ventured to bring him Tigranes flew
News of Lucullus coming , had no joy of it : for he cut off his head for his labour. And therefore *b< firſt wet-
from thenceforth there durft no man ſay any thing unto him , untill ſfuchtime as he was at the laſt en- _ _
vironed round with fire, which Z»cs/lss Army had raiſed about him , before he could hear any thing News of t -
thereof, For he was ſporting and gauding with his Familiars, hearing their flattering Tales, that Lx- cullurapproach;
cullw indeed were a Noble Caprain , if he durſt but tarry Tigranes coming down in the City of
Ery4zsus onely,, and how he would ſtraight flie out of As14a, ſo ſoon as hemight bur hear cell of
bis coming, againſt him , with ſo Triumphing an Army, of ſo many thouſand men, And thus may we
| fee, that like as all bodies and brains, are not alike ſtrong nor able ro carry much Wine : ſo in like
caſe, all Wus .be not reſolute and conſtant , neyer to do amiſs, nor to ſwarve from reaſons bounds
in great proſperity, Howbeitih the end, Mithrobarzanes , one of T igranes Familiars, was the next
man that enterpriſed to tell him the truth :, whoſe boldneſs. had little better reward for his News w "II
then the firſt that was beheaded. For Tigranes ſent him immediately with three thouſand Horſe, —_—
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lowing King Tigranes at the, heels, ſpied an occaſion to. 'give the Charge 45 he paſſed along a
» Narrow, Tp" in the bottom whereof the way, was very ill,, and ſpecial
Aa ,length, and. taking the opportunity ,, ſet upon the rereward ', which Tjoraxes ceiving, fled
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much as he could , perſwading himſelf that 'T5graves would never ſuffer that it ſhould be raken, bur
(#hough he had otherwiſe determined ) yet fot very anger would preſent him bartell , thereby to
enforce him to raiſe his Siege. And ſurely he gueſſed right, had it not been that Mthridates had dil.
ſwaded him by expreſs Letters and Meſſengers that heſhould in no caſc hazard Barttell, and perfva-
ded him rather to cut off the Vitals on all fides from the Roxa ns with his Horſmen, The ſelt
ſame councell and advice did 7'axiles ( the Captain whom AMithridates ſent ) give him in his Camp
Taxiles per- and” prayed him very earneftly , that he would nor prove the invincible force of the Row a x s.
_— Ti 0 Tigranes patiently hearkned to their reaſons at the firſt , but when the ARMEnians were come ,
wick ho Wm * and all the force of the Countrey befide , and the Goxv:anrans, and that the Kings of the
Mans. ' Mcpes andof the ADiABENIANS Were come alſo with all their Power, and that on the other
ſide there came a marvellous great Hoſt of the Ar a s1a ns that dwell upon the Sea of Ba By L0N a
and a multitude of the ALBa NIANns from the Cas ian Sea, and of the IBzx1ans their neigh-
bours , beſides a great company of free People living without a King , that dwell by the River of
Araxes, ſome coming freely to do him pleaſure, other for their Penſions and Pay which he gave them :
then was there none other talk neither at his Table, nor in Councell , bur of afſured hope of Victory,
and of great brags and barbarous threatnings, ſo that Taxiles was in great danger of himſelf , becauſe
he was againſt the determination taken in Councell for giving of the Battell. Now-was it thought that
Mithridates did envy the Glory of King Tiorancs, and therefore did thus diffwade him from Battel}.
For which reſpe&t T;oranes would not ſo much as tarry for him, and becauſe alſo Airhridates ſhould
have no part of the Honour of his Victory : but went intothe Field with all his great Army , vaunt-
ingamongf his Familiars as they report , that nothing grieved him but one , that he ſhould fight with
Theproud Lycullus alone , and not with all other ROMa n Captains. Now this bravery was not {0 fond,
ſaying of Ti- nor ſo far out of ſquare , but that there was greatlikelihood of it when he ſaw fo many ſundr
granes. Nations about him , ſo many Kings that followed him , ſo many Bartells of armed Footmen, ind fo
Tirrmes whole 97y thouſands of Horſmen. For he*had inhis Army of Bow-men. and Slings onely, twenty thou-
I = wo fand_: five and fifty thouſand Horlmen , whereof ſeventeen thouſand men of Arms armed from top
hundred and _ t0.tve, 25 Lucallus bimſetf wrote unto the Senate : and an hundred and fifty thouſand armed Foot-
threeſcore men, divided by Enfigns and Squadrons : of Pyoners , Carpenters, Maſons, and ſuch other kind
thouſand men. of handicrafis men, to plain ways, to make Bridges to paſs over Rivers , to ſtop ſtreams, to cut
Wood, and to make ſuch kind of Works ; of this ſort of People , the number-of five and thirty
thouſand , who followed in Battel] ray in the rereward of the Army, making their Camp ſect far
greater , and by ſo much the more ſtronger. When Tioranes ſhewed on the top of Mount Taurus,
and that they might plainely ſee his whole Army from the City , and that himſelf alſo might eafily
diſcern Lacullus Army that beſieged T1GRANOCERT a : the barbarous People that were within
the City were ſo glad of this ſight , that they made wonderfull ſhouts of joy , and great clapping
of hands , threatning the Romans from their Walls , and ſhewing them the Army of the Az-
MENIANS, Lyncullw in the mean time fate in Councill to confider what was to be done : where-
in ſome were of opinion that. be ſhould raifehis Siege, and go with his whole Army undivided
Lucullur Army againſh T5granes. But others liked not that he ſhould leave fo great a number-of Enemies at his
2gainlt Tigrs- back, ng er. that he ſhould raiſe his fiege. . Zcalw made them anſwer , that neither of them
nes. both did *counſell him well , but both together did © councell gi: Whereupon he divided-his
Army , and left Murena at the Siegeot TiGRanocerTaA with'fix thouſand'men: and he'with
four and twenty Cohorts. ( in the which were not above ten choufand armed Foormen ) and all
his Horſmen , with a thouſand Bow-men and Slings , or thereabouts , went rowards Tgranes , and
camped in a goodly broad Field by the Rivers fide. The Romans ſeemed" but-a handfull' to
Tigranes Camp , ſo that for 2 while Tigranes Paraſites 'made but a May-gaine of then to ſport
withall For ſome laughed them to ſcorn , other drew Lots, and away their part of the
Spoyls , asif they had already won the Field :* and every one of the Kings afid' Captains came
and offered themſelyes ro Tigranes , and beſonghr him every 'man' for himſelf '; that he would
ge him-the Honour alone to lead his Battell ; and that it would' pleaſe him to fit by in ſome place
ſee the ſport. 'Tigranes then, becauſe he would ſhew that he could be as pleaſant as the reſt,
ſpake a thing known to every, man : If they come'as' Ambafſadoups'(quoth he ) theyare very ma-
ny : but if they come as Enemies \ they be but few. And thus they played upon the Romans,
and took their pleaſure of them' ar- that rime'$ but the next morning by breakof day , Luculws
brought all his men armed inp the Field , and put them in order of 'Battell. -Now the Camp of
the barbarous People lay on. the' other ſide of the River towards th&eaft, and bychance the Stream
of. the River turned ſuddenly cowards the Welt, | where there was a better Food to paſs over.
Wherefore Lucullws matching with his Army by the Rivers'fide, following the Stream to meet
with ſome Ford,, caſting ro get oyer , Tigrazes thought he had marched away , and called for Taxi-
les, and ſaid unto bm ughing Dock thou ſee' Taxile3 thoſe goodly Rona n' Legions, whom
thou praiſeſt to. be men; ſo inviticable, how they flie away now ? T axles anſwered the King again :
I would your good Fortune ( ©, King) might work ſome miracle this day : for doubilels it were
a ftrange thing that the Rowans ſhould ie, They arc not wont to wear” their brave Coats
and Furniture upon their Armour”, when chey mean onely but to march in._the* Fields - neither >
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| heir Ftargets uncaſed, nor. their burganets bare ,on their heads; as they do at
this preſent, having thrown away their leather caſes and coverings, - But out of doubt, this oodly
furniture we ſee ſo bright and gliſtering in our faces, is a manifeſt fign zhat they intend to fight; and
that they march towards us. Tax#les had no ſooner ſpoken theſe words, but Laculixs in the view
of his Enemies, made his Enfign-bearer turn ſuddenly that carried, the firſt Eagle, and the bands
* took their places to paſs the river in, order of battle.. Then Tigranes ſecretly come xg bimſelf, as our
of drunkenneſs, .cryed out aloud twice or thrice, Come they then.to-us 2, But then was there no ſmall
ſtir and tumult, xo put ſuch a world of people in battle. The King T5granes, bimlelt undertook.
to lead the middle battle, gave the left wing unto the King of the ,ADia N1A\NS,.4nd the right
unto the King of the MeDz5 ; in the which were the -moſt part of the compleat, armed, men, why
made the firſt front of allthe battle. But as Lucu{les was ready, to pals the River, there were cer-
tain of his Captains that came unto him, to wiſh him to take heed that he fought not-that day, be-.
cauſe it was one of thoſe which the Romans thought unfortunate, and call them. &.4{rx3,, as ro lay;
day + I will make this a happy day (ſaid he) for the Romans. It was the ſixteenth, day of the
" moneth of Offober. And ſo with thoſe words encouraging his men, paſſed over: the River; and went
himſelf the foremoſt man, and marched directly rowards his enemy, armed with.ag Anima of. ſteel;
made with ſcallop ſhels, ſhining like the Sun, and upon that an arming coat. fringed .round abour
holding his ſword drawn in his hand : to let his men. underſtand, that they muſt ſuddenly joyn
with their enemies, and fight at the ſwords point that were not acquainted to fighybur a;far off with
ſhot and ſlings, and that he would ſo quickly wio the diſtance of ground dg Ty $0.,march. ere
they could joyn, that they ſhould have no leiſure to: ſhoot, And turthermore, perceiving that the
ſtrength of their men of Arms (whereof they made ſo great account) was ranged in battle under,
a hill, che top whereof was very plain and even, and the way. up the ,hill not paſling four. furlongs
travel, and not very hard nor fteep to climb : he ſent thither certain horſemen of the Tir ac1-
ANs and GauLs whichhe had in pay, and commanded them to give a charge, on; the flanck to
diſorder them, and affay to cut their launces withtheir ſwords. For all the trength of theſe men
of Arms conſiſteth in their launces, and they can do nothing of themſelves, nor againſt their ene-
mies, they are ſo heavily armed and loden: ſo as it ſeemeth they are locked upin their Armour, as
in an iron priſon, And he himſelf therewithall taking two Enfignes of footmen, ſtrove alſo to
ain the top of the hill : his ſouldiers tollowing him hard at the heels with a notable co becauſe
fe ſaw bim the foremoſt man travelling on foot, and digging _ the height of che hill, When be
had otten up to the top, he ſtayed a little in the higheſt place he could find, and cryed out with a
joud voice : O companions, the viRory is ours. And as he ſpake thoſe words, he led them againſt
.
black : for upon one of thoſe days, one (pio was overthrown in a. ſer battle with, albhis Army by
the CtmBRES, But. Luculls gave them a pretty anſwer again, which is not forgotten to this:
437
The ordering
of Tigranes
barcle.
Arrl, black or
unfortunate
days.
Lucullus battle
with Tigranes.
Lucullus armor
theſe men of: Arms, commanding them they ſhould not meddle with throwing of their darts, but
taking their ſwords in their hands they ſhould ſtrike at their thighs and leggs, - becauſe they have no 0-
ther parts of their bodies naked. Howbeit, there was no need of ſuch fight, for they tarried not
the Romans, but with great crying out turned their horſe heads immediately, and ran coward-
ly (themſelves and their horſes, heavy armed as they were) through the midſt of the bands of their
footmen, before they had ftricken one ſtroke. thus were ſo many thouſand of men broken with-
out any ſtroke ſtricken, or any man hurt, or d&s, drop of blood ſeen to be ſpilt, '.But the great
Nlaughter was when they began to fly, (or to ſay better) when they thought to fly : for they could
not fly. they ran ſo one upon: anothers neck, by reaſon of the marvellous length and breadth of their
battles, Tigranes, n_ the reſt was one of the firſt that ue" 1% with a ſmall company, and ſeeing
his ſon running the ſamefortune, fiying as himſelf did, took off his, Diadem or roya} band from his
head, and gave it him weeping, commanding him to fave himſelf as well as he could by ſome other way.
But the young Prince durſt not put it on his head, but gave it to one of his truſty ſervants to keep,
who by chance 'was taken and unto Lucallus : 10. that amongſt the other ſpoil and priſoners,
there was taken T5granes Diadem, It is thought that there were {lain at this overthrow, above
an hundred th footmen, and very few of all the horſemen ſaved. On the Rowans fide,
there were about an hundred hurt, and five ſlain, entiochus the Philoſopher ſpeaking of this bar-
tle in a Treatiſe he made of the gods, writeth that the Sun never ſaw the like overthrow. And
Strabo another Philoſopher in a.cetrain abridgment he made of ſtories, ſaid, that the Romans.
were aſflamed and laughed at themſelves, that they bad drawn their ſwords againſt ſuch —_—
ſlaves, And Titus Livin declareth alſo, that the Romans were never in any battle with ſo
ſmall a number of fighting men, againft ſo great a multitude of enemies : for the conquerors were
not in all the, world the twentieth part (nothin like) of thoſe that were overcome, Wherefore
the oldeſt and beſt experienced Captains of Fo Romans did highly commend Lucullus, be-
cauſe he had overcome two of the greateſt and
Lucullus fa...
mous victory
of T'igrancs.
Tigranes flight
Tigrancs Dia»
dem taken by
Lucullus,
Lucullus praiſe,
Two puifſanc
: Kings over-
moſt mighty Princes of the world, by two ſundry comeby con-
contrary means 2 the one by tra&t and delay, and the other by ſpeed and ſwiftnels. For he un- trarymeans-
dermined and conſumed « Hithridates by holding back and delaying , at that time when all his
ſtrength was whole : and to the contrary he deftroyed Tigranes with great ſpeed and haſte. And
thus did be that, which few Captains could ever-do : that, is, uſed delay of time to execute, aud
valiant expedition to. win the. victory, This was the cauſe why «Afithridates made no haſt to
give
At
che
come to the bartle, thinking Rill that Zuculus had uſed his wonted policy , to delay and
back always; and . therefore he came by ſmall journeys unto T5granes Camp. But meeting
Pp ;
-- +
"4
"%
:
- >a
LE...
_438
L U C U L PRE.
Tw*.- us
Lucullus took
Tigranocerts.
Lucullus ju-
ſice and cle«
mency,
Zarbienus
King of the
Gordianians
Lucullus pre-
pareth to go
againſt the
Parthians.
Lucullas ſoul-
diers fall to
matiny,
flain by Tigrge
es.
corrigible diſobedience. For they could not poſſib
the firſt witha few of the ARMEniANSs that fled'as he came on his w# men” thartigd” B&cr,
frayed, he ftraight miſtruſted the overthrow : but afterwards meeting gredt& Troops of then niked,
ET wounded, then he knew how rhe matter went. Sohe went to feck out Tigranes, whom! he
found alone, forſaken of his and in very poor eftate, yer did not he requite Tigranes in adverſity
with that pride and diſdain be had uſed him before in his miſery : bur lighted off his borſe, ro bewail .
withhim their common misfortune; and.gave him all his Officers, and train of a* Kings Court, that
followed him to ſerve him, comforting him, andexhorting himto-pluck up his heart again, and to be
COUragious theneeforth. upon they both levyicd afreſh the whole force and power they could
from all the parts'of their Dommion. In the mean ſeaſon, there fell out great ſedition in the City of
TiGRANOCER TA, between the 'GRECIAaNS and the barbarous People ; for the Grtct-
ANS, they would have yielded up ithe Town into Lucxllxs bands, Whereupon Lucallus giving an
aſſault to the City ar#har very inſtant, won it, and ſeized upon the Kings treaſure there; leaving all
the reft to the ſpoil of the fouldiers : iri the which, beſides all other riches, there was eight thouſand
talents in ready money. And yer-beſides all that, he gave of the ſpoil that was won upon the ene-
mies, eight hundred' Drachmaes unto every ſouldier. And: underſtanding that there were divers Mu-
ſitians, common players, Minſtrels, and ſuch kind of people meet for feaſts and ſport, whom 7;-
granes had ſent for thither from all parts, to dedicate the Theatre he had made in this City : he cauſed
all them to ſerye at the ſports and feaſts of this ViRtory, After the ſolemnization whereof, he ſent
the Gx zc1ans hoine again unto their Country, and gave them money to defray their charges
by the way , and the Barbarous People alſo that were brought thither by force from their na-
* tive Countries. And 6 it fortuned, that by the deſolation and deftruttion of a City forſaken, many
others- were built'again, and ftored with people : becauſe thoſe Cities had thereby recovered their
natural inhabitats again, who ever after did love and honour Zucallus, as their benefator and
founder. All other things proſpered alſo according to his vertue and merits. For Zxcullus liked
better the praiſe thatcame of bounty, of juſtice, and of clemency, then that that came by force of
martial proweſs ahd Chivalry. For in deeds of Arms, he faid his Army partly deſerved praiſe,
and fortune alſo carried the beſt part away : but the praiſe of the other, was onely due unto himſelf.
Whereby he thewed the valour of an exceeding good man, well taught and trained up in vertue : and
ſo reaped the fruit of his worthy deſerts. For by thoſe good parts, he wan the hearts of the Barba-
rous People iri ſuch ſort, thatrhe Kings ofthe ARaB1ANs came of good will to put themſelves and
their goods mite. his hands, So did the Nation of SoPpHENTANs alſo yield themſelyes unto him,
The GorRDYANTA NS, in like-manner, they liked-Zucyllus ſo well, that they would willingly have
forſaken their Cities, houſes and Country, to follow him with their wives and children, upon this oc-
caſion-: Zarbienxu King of theſe Go KDIANIANS, as we have recited before, had privily entred
amity with Lucullue, by means of eAppixs Clodixs, who could no longer away with the tyranny of
Tigranes. This praQtiſe was bewrayed unto Tigranes, who put Zarbienw, his wife and children to
death, before the Romans main Army came into the Country of Arxmzenta. Howbeit Lucullus
didnot forget it,” but paſſing through this 'Realm, gave him very royal funerals : for having heaped
up & huge pile of Wood, ſumptuouſly ſet out with cloth of Gold and Silver, and other rich ſpoils of
T:orancs : he himſelf in perſon would needs ſet it on fire, and madethe funeral effuſions and accuſtom-
ed:{prinklings at funerals, with his friends and kinſren, doing him this honour, as to call him friend and
conifederate of the Rom a N ' people, and appoint alſo a great ſum of mony befides ro ere a ſunip-
tuous Tomb for him. - For they found-grear ſtore of Gold and Silver in the Kings Caſtle, and there
was plenty of proviſion alſo of 300000 buſhels of Wheat : the which did enrich his ſouldiers mar-
vellouſly, and made LZncultxs to be wondred at, that having received-not one Drachma from the ſpa-
ring coffers at Roz, he notwithſtanding made the war entertain it ſelf, Abour the ſame time alſo,
the King of the PARTHIANs ſent Ambaſſadors to him, to offer him friendſhip and alliance ;
which Luculus willingly accepted, and ſent Ambaſſadors unto him alſo of acceptation, who made re-
port to Lucullus at their return, that the King of the Pax THIANs ftood doubtfull how to reſolve
which part he would take, andthat ſecretly he ſent unto T:granes, to ask the Realm of Mt s0po-
TAMIA forhis reward to aid him againſt the Romans. Lucallus being truely informed of the
King of ParTH1A's double dealing, determined to leave Tigranes and Mithridates, as two enc-
mies wearied and overcome, and a little to prove the force and power of the PaxTH1ans by
—_ Wars upon them, thinking it great honour unto him, if he might difcomfir and overthrow
three fo mighry Kings, one after another, like a valiant conqueror that had overcome three famous
Captains together, and had paſſed through the Countries of three of the greateſt Princes under the
Sun, always a conqueror, and never conquered. Hereupon he wrote immediately unto Sornatim
and other of his Captains which he had left ro -keep. the Realm of Powrus , that. they ſhould re-
pair to him with all ſpeed with the bands they had under their charge, for that he was determined to
depart out of the Country of GorDiaNna, to go againſt the PARTHIANS: howbeit his pur-
poſe altered by occafion. For his Lieutenants that 'had many times before found their ſouldiers muti-
nous, and rebelling at their commandments , knew ny their cankred Rtomachs, and in-
y get them from thence, by any compulſion or
perſwaſions they could uſe : but contrarily 'they ctyed out, - and told him plainly, that they
would no longer tarry where they were, but' would go homie to their Country, and leave the
Realm of PoxTus without guard or garriſonat all. And further, that worſt of all was, when theſe
news were brought to Lucxl/us Camp, they gave a full example of boldneſs to his ſouldiers there, to
mutiny
5 6.88
&
Ax
— — — om — —
439
mutiny.in ike ſort, having good will and diſpoſition thereunto of themſelves before, For their purſes
being full; and they acquainted with finenels, were become ſo dull and lazy, that they could en-
dure no pains nor hardneſs of Wars, but delired to live in all idleneſs and eaſe. And hearing the
report of their fellows ſtoutneſs, called them luſty lads, ſaying they nwſt needs take the like courle;
and do as they taught them, vanting of their good ſerviee of long tune done, which well deſerved
leave now to depart home with ſafety, and thenceforth take their reſt, LZucullzs hearing of this
their talk, and many other their words, worſe and fuller of ſedicion then theſe, brake off his enter.
prize againſt the PA K THIANS, and went again in the midſt of Suramer to meet with Tigranes. Bur
when he was come to the top of mount Taxrms, it grieved him to ſee the fields ſo full of wheat yer
ſtanding, which came bythe ſeaſon of the year, and coldneſs of the air, being ſo ſlack and flow in
all thoſe parts, . Nevertheleſs, he came down into the valley, and at two or three skirmiſhes over-
threw the ARMENIANS, that ventured to . abide his coming, down : and ran over all the valley,
and deſtroyed the whole Countrey without ler or ſtop of any man, taking away the proviſion of
Corn that was made for Tigranes Camp , whereby he ſtraightned his enemies unto that need and ne-
ceſlity of victuals which humſelf feared, and yer ceaſed not to provoke them (by all other
means) ro come to battle : ſometime incloſing their Camp with trenches about, as it he meant to
famiſh them : ſometime again deſtroying and ſpoiling the whole Country before their face. Bur be-
cauſe they had ſo oft been diſcomficed, they would no more ſtir, nor once move againſt him. Lucallus
perceiving that, in the end raiſed his Camp, and went and laid fiege unto ARTAxXAT A, the chief
Ciry of the Kingdom 'of ARMENIA, in the which were Tigranes lawfull Wives and young chil-
dren, hoping that Tigranes would rather hazard another battle, then ſuffer that City to be loſt. Ir
is ſaid, that Hannibal of CARTHAGE (after King Antiochus was overthrown in battle by the Ro-
MANS) went unto King eArtaxes, whom he taught many neceſſary and profitable things for his
Realm, and amongſt others, conſidering that one of the goodlieſt and pleaſanteſt places of all his
Kingdom lay waſte and no reckoning made of it, drew a plor of a City, brought the King thither, and
cauſed it to be built and-inhabired. The King liked his device marvellous well, and prayed himto take
the charge upon him to ſee the work finiſhed. And thus was this noble and famous City built, and cal-
led after the Kings name, ARTAXATA.; and held ever after the reputation of the chieteſt place of the
whole Realm of ARMENIA. Tigrazes being advertiſed that Lucullus went to lay ſiege thereunto,
could not endure it, but went with all his Army to follow the Romans, and the faurth day came
and Camped bard. by them : inſomuch as there was but the River-of Arſanias between them, which
the Rom a Ns of neceſlity muſt paſs over togoto AR TAXATA. Lucxllus baving firſt ſacrificed un-
to the gods, aſſuring himſelf of the victory, as if he had it already in his hands, made his Army paſs
over in order of battle, putting twelve Cohorts in the front, the other behind, fearing leſt the
enemies having a great number of men of arms ſhould environ them at their backs. They had a-
gainſt them aiſo' the Ma & DIAN bowmen on horſeback, and the IBzx1AaNs with their Lances, in
.* whom Trgranes truſted more then in any other, as in the beſt ſouldiers he had in pay : and yer for all
that they did nonotable ſervice, For when they had skirmiſhed byt alittle with the horſemen of the
Romans, they durſt not tarry the legionaries or footbands that came behind them, bur diſperſed
Full purſes and
caſe makerh
mutinous fou!-
diers.
L ucullas be-
begeth Arraxa-
ta, the chief
City of Armies
nia.
Artaxes King
of Armenia.
H annibal buile
ded Artaxata:
Arſanis fl
Lucullus order
of his Army,
themſelves, ſome flying one way, ſome another; which inticed the Roman horſemen to follow the -
chaſe. But when the men of Arms that were;about T:granes perſon, ſaw the horſemen ſo ſcattered
abroad, they began ſtraight to break upon the footmen. , Zcxllus ſeeing the great multirude of
them, and how paſlingly they were armed and appointed, being ſomewhat afraid thereof : ſent in
haſte rocall in bis boriemen that followed the chaſe, and in the mean time himſelf marched foremoſt,
againſt theſe Lords and Satrapes, which wert inthe front before him with all the Nobility of theix
hoaſt, whom he put in ſuch afear, that before he could come to hand ſtrokes, they all turned tail
and: fled. There were'three Kings ranged in battle one hard by another, howbeit of the three, he that
fled moſt ſhamefully and cowardly, was Mithridates King of PowxTus, who had not the heart ſo much
as t0 abide the cries. of the Roma ns. The chaſe was very long: for it continued all night, uncill
ſuch rime as the Romans were wearied with killing, taking of priſoners, and packing up of all
kinds of ſpoils. - Titxs Livixs faith, that there were (lain rave men in the firft battle, bur greater
perſonages in the ſecond : and the chief of the Enemies were all taken. After. this battle Zucullus
heart being big, and fearing nothing, determined to go farther into the Country, even urterly to de- tle.
ſtroy this barbarous King, Bur in the time of the equinoRial Autumn (when the weather waxed more
birter thenany man would in that ſeaſon have thought) there fell out ſo great a cold, thar for the
moſt part, it did nothing but ſnow : and if the element did any thing clear, then froze it ſo hard,
that, the horſe could come by no water, the Rivers were ſo extrearaly congealed with ice, And
there could no- man paſs over by foard : for they did not. ſo ſoon enter, but, the ice brake and
cut the veins and finews of the borſe legs aſunder , they were ſo hard and thick withall, And
furthermore the Coun being full of -Trees,; Woods and Forreſts, and the ways very narrow, not
being able to -— ih felde they were through wet with ſnow that fell upon them : and when
they came to their lodging, then it was worſe, tor there they were conſtrained to lye in ſoft and
moiſt places; And therefore the fouldiers had followed but few. days after this battle, but they re-
fuſed to -go any farther, And firſt they ſent their Colonels and Caprains tv,,entreat Z cllys to
leave off this journey. Afterwards they gathered rogerher mpre. boldly in Troops, and in thenight
time began tro murmure and groin in their Tents (which/ is a certain ſign and token of a, muti-
nous Army, that bath a. ming to rebell againſt their General) alchough chat Zxci/lrs uted all gen-
| 3 IS tle
Other do read
in this place,
egainit the 4-
tropateni ans,
which are peo-
ple of Media.
Three Kings
ranged in bat-
Lucullus ma -
kerh Tigranet
fy again.
.
F >
4-4- a = . —_4 /
tle perſwafions to win them with patience to abide this journey, atthe leaft, till time they might take
the Ciry of CARTHAGE in ARMENIA: to the end they might there deſtroy the work and me-
mory of the greateſt enemy that ever the Roma Ns had in the world, meaning Hannibal. But when
he ſaw all this would not prevail, he brought them back again, and pafſed over mount T axrus ano-
The Countrey ther way, and came down into the Countrey called My 600 N14, a very hot and: fertile ſoil, where
Os there is a great City, and marvellouſly repleniſhed with inhabitants : who call it N1$131s, and the
ifibir, alias ke * .
Antiochic, a GRECIANS allit ANTIOCH of MyGDoN1a. Inthat City Gowras was Governour, who was
City of Myg- Tigranes own brother : but for experience in mi of battery, and for ſufficiency and kill. in
donia. ſuch matters, there was Callimachu3-alfo, he that {6 marvellouſly rroubled Luculz before at the
Lucullustakerh fiege of the Ciry of Am1sus. LZucnllus placinghis Camp before this Ciry beſieged the ſame by all
Nifibis by aſ- ſuch- means as might enforce it, and'that ſo valiantly, that in very ſhort time he took it by affaulr.
ſaulr. And as for Gouras who ſubmitted himſelf ro Lucullxs mercy, he was very courteoully intreated, But
Callimachus for Callimachus, he would 'not once hear him ſpeak, notwithſtanding that he promiſed, if they would
did ſet the Ci- {aye his life, he would tell them of coffers full of great treaſure hidden, which no man'knew but him-
wy _ # ſelf onely. But Zxcutlys commandedthem to bring him with gyves to receive the puniſhment he had
; juſtly delerved, for ſetting the City of Ax $us on fire, and taking from him the mean to ſhew the
GRreECIANS his goodnels, affection and liberaliry towards them. Untill this preſent time, ic might
be truely ſaid, that good fortune ever favoured and followed Lucxllas in all his enterpriſes and affairs :
The alteration but from that time forwards, it was quickly ſeen that the favourable blaſt of fortune failed him, he did
of Lucallus all his things with ſo great pain, and ail that hedid, fell out contrary unto him, and to very ill purpoſe.
good fortune. Tndeed he did ever ſhew the valiancy, patience, and great courage that ſhould be in a valiant General,
or Lieutenant of an Army. But his exploits and doings had never after, that eaſie grace, nor ſhining
glory they were wont to have : bur to the contrary, he was like to have loft all chat he had won before,
Lucullus cauſe through the misfortunes that fel] upon him, and for the brawls and vain contention he had with his
of all bis miſ- people to no purpoſe.” But the worſt was, that they made himſelf the onely Author of all theſe evils :
fortune. becaufe he could nor, or would not entertain the good-will-of the multitude of his fouldiers : think-
| ing'that whatſoever a Genera], 'or any'other Officer of ſtate or calling doth ro pleaſe and content
them he hath under his charge, is to diſhonour himſelf,” and to-give cauſe unto his ſouldiers to deſpiſe
his 4bthoricy. Bur that which made'moſt againſt him was this : tharhe gave no eftimation to Gentle-
men} and men of like'qualicy to himſelf, 'but diſdained them, and thought them unworthy to be e-
Lucullusfaules. qual "with him, 'Fortheſe they ſay were his faults arid ' imperfeRtions, but otherwiſe that he wanted
Lucullus ver- nowyertties; nor genierall gifts and-good conditions-chat could be poſſibly wiſhed for or deſired, For
_ he'was'+/rall Gentlemen, of goodly preſence, well fpoken, wiſe 'and diſcreet, as well-in matters of
| govertiment, as in Wars : anil as well to perſwade'the people in peace, as to encourage his ſouldi-
ers in War. Saluſt 'writeth of him; that his ſouldiers began ro miſlike with him, even from the firſt
The cauſe why ENttY into cheſe Wars, becauſehe made thei lie ourtwo Winters together in the field, one after ano=
Lucullus ſoxl- ther : thi on'before the City of Cizreus, and the: other before-the City of Amrsus. Andeven
diers miſliked as much did the other Winters following vex and trouble them : for either they lay' in their enemies
wich him. Countrey;-or eHe if they lay in their friends, yet he made'them Camp abroad in the'field, and ſhrowd
Lucullus Army themſelves in their Tents': for ZucwHys never entrtd with his Army into any Ciry 'or confederate
mn ay inthe Town -of GREECE, Now if + rp - CER miſliked Zxcullxs , the Orators at
ere WINer. Rome that were his enemies, and" is proſperity and glory, gave them yet greater occaſions
1 — mutiny againſt him. For they ally accuſed him ho he Dre in their Geations that he
drew out his War in length, purpoſely becauſe he would always have occafion 'to "rule, and means
ro- gerz” having "in his hands in 'manner all CiL1c1a , A$s1Ta, BITHYNIA, PAPHLAGONIA,
_ ... __ GaLaT1aA, PoNTus, ARMENITA, and alltheProvinces and Regions as far asto the River of
Phaſis fl. FPhaſis: and yet hehad not long before ſpoiled the Princely houſes of Trgrancs,' as if he had been
ſent thither onely to ſack and ſpoil; and not to deftroy and overcome thofe Kings, 'And they fay
that it was Lucius \Quintius, one of the Pretors thar/ſpake theſe words. - It'wis he alſo that moft
moved the People to take order that ' Zxeultus ſhould: be called home, and other ſeft to ſucceed him
in-the charge and Government of 'the Countries he tad ſubdued. By the ſelf farhe mean it was alſo
ordained, that divers which were under his charge, ſhould be diſpenced withall for their Oaths, and
licenced to leave the Wars when they: thought go6d;-''But beſides'theſe and*fuch' like great cauſes,
there was yet another more dangerous plague, and that moſt overthrew Ducullas proceedings, paſſing
Publins Clodi. all the other evils being put together': and that was Publius Clodiur, a wicked, licetitious, and a hair-
us 2 wicked brained man. 'He was' Lnculus wives brother, and fe was ſo light 6f her body, that (7odins her bro- |
man, ther was accuſed of incontinency with her. This {//oa:## being ar thit time in [Zeller Camp, car-
ried nor-that eſtimarion and credit he-thought hinifelf worthy of. \For he rook timſelf equal with
the*beſt, and would needs have beenholden for chief; when indeed there were' mary: of far better
deſert,” he-being noted both for a vicivus and ill 'difpoſed perſon, 'Wherenpon he began for ſpite to
ſuborn the 'band' calſed'FiMBRI1ANS, and to Ritothem up againſt Lucullus , fowing ſweet. and
Publius Cl1od;- Pleaſant words amonpſt 'the ſouldicts, which ar theretifts, looked Mill to (be flattered.
xs ſtirredup For they were thoſe whom Fimbyia"had procured” to kill the” Conſul Flaceys, and chuſe him in
the ſouldiers 3- his ſtexd for their Captain. By reaſon whereof they'gave good ear to '(lodixs'words , and called
painkt Lvcullus him :z-Noble Captain, and a lover of foaldiets.” Fot: hen he ſpake tinto them, he 'made as though
he had'pitied them , for thar they-ſhoul@-never- ſee an end 'of their great pains 'and Wars, but
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ſometime with another : and that they wandred through all the Countries of the World, receiving
no worthy reward of {o long and paintfull ſervice, ſerving onely to guard. Zucxllas Carts and Cam
mels loden with plate and veſſels of gold and filver, and other precious ſtones. Where the {ouldiers
that had ſerved under Pompey, rook now their eaſe ar home in their Country with their wives and chil-
dren, and were landed men, dwelling in goodly fair Cities, as rich Burgefſes and wealthy Citizens :
and yer they had not driven e Mithridares and Trgranes out of their Kingdoms, into defert places un.
habicable, nor had deſtroyed the Princely houſes of As1a, but onely made a little War in Spa 1N
againſt thoſe that were baniſhed, and in ITALY againſt fugitive ſlaves. Shall we then, ſaid he, car-
ry harneſs on our backs all thedays of our life? 1s it not better that we which are eſcaped uncill
this preſent, reſerve our ſelves, our bodies and lives for that Noble Captain, who eſteemeth the
greateſt honour and glory he can atchieve unto, is to make his ſouldiers rich that ferve under him ?
Lucullus Army was 10 ſeduced and corrupted with theſe mutinous and ſeditious accuſations, that the
ſouldiers would no longer follow him, neither againſt T:granes, nor againſt £Mithridates who went
preſently out of ARMENIA into his Realm ot PoNTus, and began to conquer it again, whileſt
the Roma N ſouldiers mutining againſt their General, remained idle in the Province of GorD1 4-
NA, exculing themſelves by the Winter ſeaſon, and tarrying untill Pompey or ſome other Captain
ſhould quickly come to raiſe the ſiege, and ſucceed Zucullxs, Notwithitanding, when they under-
ſtood that Mithridates had overthrown Fabus, one of Lucullas Lieutenants, and that he went a-
gainſt Sornartins and Triarius: they were then aſhamed of themſelves, and became contented to be
led by Lucullxs. But Triarius in a bravery, when he heard that Zucxllus drew near, made haſt to
win the victory, as if it had been cock-ſure before Lxcullus came, and was himſelf overthrown in a
great battle, where ſome ſay there died above ſeven thouſand Romans , amongſt the which were
a hundred and fifty Centurions, and twenty four Captains or Colonels of a thouſand men apiece; and
yet beſides, Mithridates took their Campalſo, Shortly after this overthrow, Lucxllus came thither,
who hid Triarius, whom the ſouldiers ſought in their anger by all the means they could to kill. Now
when Lucullus was come, he proved ſundry means to procure Mithridates to battle : but Mithri-
dates would not once ftir abroad, becauſe he looked for Tigranes that came down with a mighty
power. Whereupon he determined again to go againſt T:grares to fight with him, before A4:-
thridates and he joyned forces together. But as he was in his journey towards him, the FixBrIA 8
bands began to rebell anew, and would not follow his Enfigns, ſaying, and alledging for themſelves,
that by decree of the people they had leave to depart, and were diſcharged from their oath : and fur-
thermore that Lxcilxs bad no more ado to command them, conſidering that the Government of the
Provinces which he had, was given unto others. Lucallxs perceiving this, did ſo humble himſelf
untothem, ſuppoſing that way to win them, as there was no kind of uncomely humility, but he fub.
mitted himſelf unto it : inſomuch as he went into their Tents to pray and entreat them one after a-
fiercely rejeRed all his courteſies and fair entreaties, caſting their pennileſs purſes before him,
and angrily bad him fight with his enemies alone, fince he had with the ſpoil of them all ſo well en-
riched himſelf alone. Nevertheleſs, at the interceſſion and earneſt requeſt of the other ſouldiers,
theſe Fin BRIAN bands were compelled to promiſe, that they would yet tarry all that Summer, ſo
that if no man in the mean time offered them battle, ar the end of the term chey might go where they
would. LZucuilus was forced to accept this condition, or elſe to remainalone, and conſequently to
forſake the Countrey of the Barbarous People. With much ado thus he kept them rogerher, bur in
ſuch ſort, as he durſt no more venture to compell them to come to battle, contenting himſelf that
they were willing onely to ſtay with him, being forcedto ſuffer T:granes in the mean time tode-
ſtroy and over-run the Countrey of Car yapoc1a, and eHithridates allo to brag again, of
Mithri1ttes
victory of Lu-
cullus Lieures
nants,
Mithridates 0-
vercame Trit-
rius, Lucullus
Caprain,
The Fimbrian
ſouldiers for-
ſook Lucullus.
Lacullus forced
to humble
himſelf ro his
nother, with water in his eyes, and with ſo great lowlineſs, as evento ſhake hands with them, But Ff —_—
lers.
The F imbrian
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whom he had before written to the Senate that he had utterly overcome him : inſomuch as there came part when Sam
Commiſſioners and -Deputies from Rome by his own procurement, to order the ſtate of the Realm
of PonTus with him, as of a Kigdom already won to the Roman Empire, But when they
were come, they found him not maſter of himſelf, and that his own ſouldiers flouted him, and did
him all the ſpite and injury they could. For they were ſo unruly towards their Captain, and did (o
much diſdain him, that when the end of Summer was come, they Armed themſelves with Armour
and weapon, and drawing out their {words in mockery, challenged their enemies to bartle which
were gone out of the field : and after they had made the noiſe and cries accuſtomed when they joyn-
ed battle, and made as though they fought, hurling and ſwinging their ſwords in the air , <
went from the Camp, declaring openly that their time was expired, which they promiſed Zuc#l-
lus to tarry. On the other ſide, Pompey had written unto the other ſouldiers that were yer in Camp,
to come unto him : for through the peoples favour at Rome, the practiſes and farreries of the
Common-Counſellers there, he was ſubſtituted General in Zucallzs place : which much miſliked
the Senate and Nobility, for they thought Lucxllus greatly wronged to have a ſucceſſor fent, not
to ſucceed him in troubles and dangers, but in glory and honour of triumph, And that they ſhould
compell him not onely to reſign up the Office of a General to another , but (for the good ſervice
he long time had done) the reward of his honour due for the ſame : and this alſo more miſliked them
that were then about him. That ſo ſoon as Pompey was arrived in As14, he took all power and
authority trom Lucallus, to puniſh or reward any manfor good or ill ſervice done to the Common-
wealth in thoſe Wars; and did moreover prohibite by publick Bills ſer up in every common
place, that they ſhould no more repair unto him , nor obey ought that he, or any of the ten
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Lucullus not
beloved of his
ſouldiers.
Craſſus deſire
roconquer A-
fia, upon ſighr
of Lucullus tri-
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See the life of
Craſſus, what
ſucceſs he had.
Lucullus return
to Rome.
Lucullus tri-
umph,
"_
Commiſſioners ſent to diſpoſe of the ſtate of the Provinces won by him, ſhould command or or-
dain : and becauſe Pompey came with a greater power and Army then his, he was in ſome fear
of him, Their friends thought good nevertheleſs they ſhould meet together : and ſo they did in-
continently, in a village of GALAT14a, where at the firſt meeting they ſaluted each other very
courteoully, rejoycing together of the noble Victories that either had won. Lacallus was the
elder man, but Pompey of greater dignity, becauſe he had been General of the Roman People in
many Wars, and had already triumphed twice, The bundles of Rods which the Sergeants car-
ried before them, were wreathed about with Laurel branches for the ViRories they had both at-
chieved : but Pompey's bundles were withered away, becauſe they had come a long journey through
hot and dry Countries. Lucallus Officers ſeeing theirs withered, courteouſly gave them of theirs
freſh and new gathered : which Pompey's friends took for a fign of good luck. For to ſay truely,
the things that Zuculls did in the time of his charge, were cauſe of the honour that Pompey atter-
wards wan, Howbeit'inthe end, for all their talk, they were no whit the better friends'; but depart-
ed the one from the other more ſtrange than they mer. For Pompey by a plain Edict, brake, revoked
and diſannulled all Zucullzs Ordinances, and taking trom him all his other ſouldiers, left him but on-
ly ſixteen hundred to accompany his Triumph, and yet they followed him with unwilling minds : ſuch
was Lucullus imperfe&tion and maim, either by nature or frowardneſs of fortune, that he lacked the
chiefeſt thing a General ſhould have, which was, to be beloved of his ſouldiers. For if he had at-
rained to that perfe&tion, amongſt many other his excellent vertues, magnanimity and wiſdom, judge-
ment and juſtice, the River- vf Exphrates had not been the uttermoſt confines of the Empire of
Roms on As14 fide, but it had extended as far as the ſea Hyrcane, yea even unto the utmoſt part
of the world. For King T:granes had already conquered the other Nations thar lie _—_ that, ſa-
ving the Country of ParTH1a, which then was not ſo great nor ſtrong, as it appeared afterwards in
Craſſus time : nor ſo joyned and knit together, but (what through civil difſentions amongſt them at
home, and forrain Wars of their neighbours abroad) was ſo weak, that with great difficulty they
could defend themſelves from the AxMEN1aNs, that continually harried them our 'of their skins.
But to take things rightly as they be indeed, methinks that Zucxllus did more hurt unto his Countrey
by other, then be did benefit the ſame by himſelf. For tokens of triumph and viRtories which he wan
in ARMENIA ſo near unto the PAR THIANS, the Cities of T1GRANOCERTA and of N151-
B1S, Which he had ſacked and ſpoiled, the great treaſure that he brought to Roms, and the Dia-
dem alſo of 7igranes, which wasſhewed in triumph as a priſoner with the reft : moved (7afſu with
ſuch a marvellous defire to paſs into As 14, as if all the barbarous people had been nothing but an
aſſured ſpoil, and a prey expoſed unto all thoſe that would come to take them. But Craſſus far
otherwiſe finding himſelf gauled and troubled with the Arrows of the PaxTHI1ANs, knew then by
proof, that Zucxllus had not ſo much overcome his enemies for that they wanted skill, or were a
cowardly people, as he had done through his wiſdom and valiantneſs. But that ſhall be ſeen hereaf-
ter, Furthermore, Lxcullus being now returned to Rome, found firſt of all his brother Aarcas ac-
cuſed by one Gaius EMemmin, for that he had done in his Office of Treaſurer in Sy{a's time, and
by his commandment, whereof he was cleared by ſentence of the Judges. But e Memmims of ſpite
turned his anger againſt Luculls ſelf, —_— up the People againſt him, and letting them under-
ftand that Zucullu had kept back and robbed much part of the Treaſure, which ſhould have come
to the Commonwealth, and that to work his feat the better, he had prolonged theſe Wars as he
did : wherefore:he perſwaded them flatly to deny him the honour of his triumph. And truely Zu-
callus was in great danger to have loſt it utterly, but that the Noblemen of the City, and they that
were of greateſt authority, intermedled themſelves with the Tribes when wy came to pals it by
voices of the People ; whom they entreated ſo much through fute and perſwaſton, chat in the end,
. with much ado, the People ſuffered him to enter the City in triumph. $0 Zrcxllus made a tri-
umphant entry, not terrible nor troubleſome for the long ſhew or ſight thereof, nor for the mul-
titude of things that he had brought thither with him, as many other Captains had done. before
him. For he cauſed the Shew-place (which they call Circ Flaminis at ROME ) to be ſetout and
furniſhed chiefly with Armour and Weapons of the Enemies to a marvellous number : and. with the
Kings Engines and Inventions of battering pieces, which was a pleaſant ſight tro behold. And in this
ſhew, there was a certain number of his men of Arms bravely armed , ten Carts of War armed
with Sythes that paſſed by, and threeſcore of the chiefeſt friends and Captains of the two Kings
that were led priſoners through the City. And there were alſo drawn after them, an hundred and
ten Gallies all armed in the Prores with ftrong ſpurs of Copper, and a ſtatue of Aithridate, all
of clean gold, fix foot high, with a rich Target ſet with precious ſtones. Beſides all that, there
were twenty Cupboards as full of ſilver Plate as could be, and thirty Cupboards full alſo of golden Veſ-
ſels, Armour and Coin of gold, carried upon mens ſhoulders. After them followed eight Mules
laden with golden beds, and fix and fifry other Mules that carried filver Bullion, and a hundred
and ſeven other Mules that carried filver Coin, amounting to the ſum of two hundred three-
ſcore and ten thouſand Seftertias. Furthermore, there were books of account carried alſo, where-
in were particularly written the ſums of money which Zucullus had delivered before unto Pom-
pey for the War againſt Pirates on the Sea, and unto the Treaſurers and high Treaſurers, to put in-
to the, ſparing cofters of the Commonwealth at Roms. And afterwards in an Article by it ſelf,
that he had given nine hundred and fifry Drachma's to every ſouldier by the poll. Afterthe ſhew
of this triumph was ended, he made a general Feaſt, -in the which he feafted all the City —
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lages thereabouts, which the Romans call Yicos. And afterwards forſook his wife Clodia for her
unchaſt and wanton life, and married Servilsa, Caro'sliſter: howbeit he wan nothing by the exchange, Meg he”
for he ſped as evil with the ſecond as bedid with'the firſt. For, ſaving that the was not (landered with ———
the inceſt of her own brethren, otherwiſe ſhe was as diſhoneſt and unchaſte as {1s4ia : and yet he Serviliz, ;
bare withall a while for her brothers ſake, bur at the length grew weary of her, and put her away ag ©o's iter, a;
he had done Clodia. Now when he had filled the Senate with a marvellous hope and expeRation of yn Clo-
him (who thought they had now got one to encounter and withſtand Pompey'sryranny, and to up-
hold and maintain the Authority of the Nobility and Senate againſt the People, for that by his noble
deeds he had atchieved ſo great fame and reputation) he ſuddenly gave over all dealings in the affairs
of the Commonwealth : either becauſe he ſaw it ſo beſt, being a hard thing now to keep it from ruine: Lucullus giv-
or elſe (as other ſaid) for chat he felt himſelf ſufficiently furniſhed with honour and wealth, and there- th over go-
fore determined from thenceforth to live quietly all ar hus eaſe, after ſo great pains, travels and trou- Y*"*Benr of
bles, the end whereof fell not out over fortunately, And ſurely ſome were of his mind; and liked ns ee
this great change of his marvellous well, becauſe he-did not as Afarins did, neither happened on the
ill ſucceſs and cnd that Maris had. For Marixs atter the notable victories which he brought from
che C1»BREs, and after his valiant Acts in Wars which had won him-great honour, yet would
he nor ſo leave off, when he might have been Chronicled to his wonderfull glory : but of an unſa-
tiable mind, and ambitious defire ro rule and bear ſway ( being withall a very old man) went and
ſorted himſelf amongſt young men deſirous of Government, who brought him not onely to com-
mit many outrages, but made himſelf alſo to ſuffer greater cruelties. Ir is thought alſo that Cicero
had ended his aged courſe more happily, if afterwards he had quenched Carzlines conſpiracy, he
had then taken his.eaſe, And ſo had Scipro in like caſe, if when he had joyned Numan 1a unto
CARTHAGE, he would then have quieted himſelf. And therefore, ſome ſay, that there is a cer-
tain revolution and time appointed, beyond the which no wiſe man ſhould meddle any more with the
affairs of the Commonwealth : no more then a man whoſe yourh and ſtrength is gone and decay-
ed, is any more fit to juſt, wraſtle, or enter into ſuch exerciſes of the body. Butcontrarily Craſ-
ſus and Pompey mocked Lucullus, becauſe he. gave. himſelf ſo much to pleaſure and paſtime: asif to
live pleaſantly and delicately did not worſe become his age, thento command an Army, or to g0-
vern the affairs of a Commonweal. And for my part, reading Lucsllzs life, methinks that I read
an ancient Comedy, the beginning whereof is tedious, and the latter end joyfull. For at the begins
ning of his life, you find notable exploits, done by him in Wars, and great good government alſo
in peace : but in the end they all turned into feaſts and bankets, and lacking little of masks and mum-
meries, dancing with torches, and all other ſuch delights fir tor young men. For I bring within the 7,,cuttus buila:
compaſs and reckoning of his fineneſs and pleaſures, his ſumptuous buildings, his ſtately walks and ings andplea-
4 Galleries, his hot-houſes and ſtoves, his tables and pictures, his ſtatues alſo, and the great workman- ures.
” ſhip and curioſity he had beſides of all other Arts by him gotten together out of all parts, to his in-
finite charge : abufing therein the world of 'goods and 'treaſure gotten and won in the Wars, in *
time of his charge and Office of General, and otherwiſe, Inſorauch, that notwithſtanding exceſs
and ſuperfuity bath ever fince increaſed uncill this preſent time, yet they reckon the gardens Zu- 7 ,,utus Gar-
callus made, to be the moſt ſumpruous and delicateſt places that the Emperors have. * And therefore dens of greac
T »bero the Stoick Philoſopher, having ſeen theſe ſtately works which Luculls had cauſed to be made cftimarion,
near unto NA PLEs, by the fea fide (where there are mountains cut through, light as day, and
hanged upon vaults) and great ditches caſt by force, to make the Sea pals and run through his houſes,
to keep fiſh therein , and lodgings alſo that he built in the Sea it ſelf; he called Lucullus, Xerxes the
Gownman, as if he would have ſaid, Xerxes the Roman, For even ſodid Xerxes in old time cauſe ,,,,11,. ..j.q
the mountain {tho to be cut in ſunder, and a channel to be digged there to paſs his ſhips through. He xe-x-s the
had alſo many other pleaſant places within the territories of Roms near unto THuscuLum, where Gownman.
there were great large halls ſer upon Tatrafſes to ſee round about far off in the daytime, And Pom... Xerxes cur
y going thither ſometime to ſee him, reproved him greatly, telling him that he had built a marvel- jt. ge
lous fair Summer houſe, but not to be dwelt in in the Winter ſeaſon. LZucullus laughing, anſwered ;5,, an4 made
him : Do ye think me to have leſs wit and reaſon then Storks or Cranes, that I cannot thift houfes a channel for
according to the ſeaſon ? And another time there was a Prztor of Rome, that making Plays to ſhew his ſhips to
the people paſtime, ſent unto "Luculius to borrow certain purple cloaks to ſet forth his Players : P?'s through.
Lucullus made him anſwer, that he would cauſe his folks ro look if he had any. And the next morn-
ing demanding of him, how many he ſhould need , the other anſwered , that a hundred would
ſerve his turn, Whereupon Lacallxs told him again, he would furniſh him with two hundred,
if his caſe ſo required. And therefore the Poet Horace writing this ſtory, addeth to a notable ex-
clamation againſt ſuperfluity, ſaying : that men think that a poor houſe where there is no more
riches then neceſſary, and where there is not more then appeareth in fight, and that the maſter
knoweth of. He was.a vain man in his ordinary ſervice at his board, not onely in that his beds
whereon he fed,' were covered with rich Carpets of Purple, and himſelf ſerved in Gold and Silver
veſſels ſet with precious ſtones z and that there was dancing, muſick, plays, and other ſuch like pa-
ſtimes of ordinary : bur alſo for that he was continually ſerved with all ſorts of fine dainty diſhes, with Lncullus curio-
works of Paſtry, banqueting diſhes, and fruit curiouſly wrought and prepared, which onely made ſity and _
bim to be wondred =X men of ſimple underſtanding and mean condition. Therefore was Pompey mar) _n
marvellouſly eſteemed , and ſpecially for a word he ſpake one day when he was fick , and tha ;
the Phyſitian had willed him to eat of a Thruſh. For when his ſervants told him, they were hard
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Cato's ſaying
of Lucullus.
Certain ſay-
ings of Lucullus
Lucullus ha»
ing divers halls
had appointed
every hall his
certain rate
and charge of
diet.
Whar Lucullus
ſupper was in
Apollo.
Lucullus Libra -
ry.
racaine loved
Philolophy.
Antiochus of
Aſcalon an elo-
quent rhetori-
cian.,
The opinion
of the Acadce
micks,
to come by in Summer, but at Zucx{ls houſe, where they brought them up'all the year through :
he would in no wiſe: they ſhould ask any of im, bur ſaid unto his Phyfitian ; What, if Lyucxllus
werenot given to pleaſure, could not Pompeylive? And ſo willed them to get him ſome other ſuch
thing, as they might more eaſily come by. Cato was Lucullus friend and kinſman both, and yet he {o
much miſliked his manner of living and ordinary expence, that one day a young man making a long and
tedious Oration in open Senate ( out of time, and to no purpoſe ) touching mean diet, ſobriery, and
temperance of life, Caro could no longer abide him, but roſeup, and ſaid unto him : Whar, wilt
thou not leave babling to us all day ; thou that art rich as Craſſjes, that liveſt as Lucullus, and ( peakeſb
as (ato? Other affirm that theſe words were ſpoken thus, bur that it was not Caro that ſpake them ;
nevertheleſs it is certain, by the noble ſayings they have gathered of Lucalls, he did not onely delight
to live ſo delicately, but alſo he gloried in it. Some write that he feaſted certain Gx £ c14 ns many
days together in his houſe, that were come out of GREECE to Roms : and that they being men
brought up with the ſobriety and ſimplicity of Gre ice, atter they had been feaſted there divers
times, were aſhamed, and refuſed to gothither any more, being afterwards entreated to come to Lu-
callus, ſuppoſing that he had made them this great chear tor their own ſakes. Zucullus hearing of it,
rold them : My Lords, I pray you refuſe not to come to me for that 4 indeed I muſt needs grant that
there is ſomewhat more then ordinary to welcome you withall , bur I tell you truly, the moſt part
is for Lucullus ſake. Another time when he {upped all alone, and his men-had laid but one board,
and prepared bur a reaſonable ſupper for him, he was very angry with chem, and called for his ſteward,
to know why he was ſo ſerved : the Steward anſwered him : My Lord, becauſe I ſaw you ſend for no
body, 1 thought this ſupper ſufficient. Whar ſaid he again, kneweſt not thou that Lucullus ſhould
ſup to night with himſelf? In fine, Luczllus fare was fo well known through Roms, that there
was no talk but of Lxcu#us noble houſe-keeping. Whereupon, Cicero and Pompey being deſirous
to ſeethe proof thereof, came one day to him in the Market-place ſeeing him ar leature : tor {jcero
was Lacullus very good friend, and Pompey (though there was ſome jar between them for matters
of Wars) did not let for all that to come unto him, -and to ſpeak gently one to another, And
Cicero after he had ſaluted him, asked; him if he would be contented they ſhonld come and ſee him.
Oh, ſaid he, with all my heart : I pray you come to me, Well then, faid Cicero, Pompey and I
will come and ſup with you to night, with condition that you provide no more then your ordinary :
Luc rold them again, they ſhould then fare but badly, and therefore it was better they tarried cill
to Morrow. But they would none of that, no nor ſuffer him to ſpeak with his men, for fear he ſhould
command them to provide ſomewhat more then for himſelf, Nevertheleſs, at his defire they ſuffer-
ed him onely in their preſence aloud to tell one of his: men, that he would ſup that night in «Apollo :
(for ſo was one of the moſt ſtately and ſumptuous halls of his houſe called) and with that word ene-
ty he finely deceived them both , and they never found him. For every Hall had his certain ſum
and rate appointed for the charge and expence of every ſupper they made in them, and the ordinary
furniture and ſervice for the ſame. So that when his ſervants had their watch-word but in what Hall
he would ſup, they knew ſtraight what charge he would be at for his ſupper, and what orders
ſhould be obſerved therein. Now Lacaullus manner wasto ſpend when he made any feaſt inthe Hall
of «Apollo, fifty thouland pence, and that ſelf day the ſupper was prepared according to that value:
inſomuch as Pompey marvelled how it could be poſſible thata ſupper of ſo exceeding great charge
could be ſo ſuddenly prepared. In ſuch things thereforedid Luculzs laviſhly and riotoully ſpend his
goods, like ſpoils gotten of ſlaves and barbarous people. But that eſpecially which he beſtowed up-
on Books, was a very commendable and honeſt expence. For that he gathered together a great num-
ber of notable Hiſtories, the uſe whereof was more honour unto him, then the having of them, For
his Library was ever open to all comers, and they ſuffered the Gx £c1ans to come into his
goodly tarrafſes and flir walks, or other pleaſant places thereabours convenient to fit and reaſon to-
gether, and never ſhut door againſt them : where Learned men met commonly, and oftentimes
ſpent the whole day in conference together, as in the houſe of the Xſuſes ; being _ glad when 0-
ther matters were difparched, they had ſo. much leiſure as but to go thither, And Lacullus ſelf
would alſo many times be amongſt them, in thoſe tarrafſes and pleaſant walks, delighting, much ro
ralk with them : and he did ever help to diſpatch them that bad any buſineſs with him, and grant-
ed the thing they requeſted of him. To conclude, his houſe was a common receipt for all them ghar
came from GREECE to Rome. He loved all manner of Philoſophy, and refuſed no Sect of the
ſame. But from his youth upward, he ever loved and efteemed beſt the AcaDEmick Sect,
not that which they call the new AcaDemicx (alchough it flouriſhed at that time through Car-
neades works, which Philo made ſuch eſtimation of) but the old Acapemicx, which the Phi-
' loſopher eAnrtiochus of the Ciry of ASCALON did defend and maintain at that time, being an Elo-
quent Rhetorician and well ſpoken, whom- Lxcu/ls ſought to win by all means, ro make him
his friend, and to have him in houſe with him : becauſe he might inveigh againſt Ph:/o's hearers and
followers, whoſe Scholer {cero among the reſt was, that wrote a notable book againſt this old
AcaDtmickx ſet, And in the ſame he reciteth Lucullus , maintaining the opinion of the old
ACADEMICKS : Who hold, that a man may. certainly know and comprehend ſomething , and
called that Catalepfin : but (cero defended the contrary, The book is intituled Lucllus : for they
were (as we have rehearſed before) very good friends, and had both one ſelf defire for Govern-
ment in the Commonwealth. For Lxcllzs did not ſo withdraw himſelf from matters of tate,
that he would no more meddle at all, nor hear ſpeak of them : but he betimes gave over —_
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LUCULLUS.
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dition and contention, as a thing of no ſmall danger, and breeding great reproach and diſhonour to
Marcus Craſſus, and Cato, to be chief inauthoriry, And theſe two were they that defended the Se-
nate, and whom they raiſed up ro withſtand Pompey's.greatnels, being affraid of him, after that Ts Marcus Craf..
callus had refuſed the chief place of authority. Bur otherwiſe, Lucullxs would be inthe Market-place ſus, Cato, Li-
arCourts and Common-councils, to pleaſure his friends when they requeſted him : and would go to 4s, againſt
the Senate alſo, when there was occaſion to break any new prafiſe, or to overthrow Pompey's ambiti-
ous policy. ' For he overthrew all the orders and conſtitutions that Pompey bad made, after he had over-
come the Kings Mithridates and Tigrazes: and with the help of {ao hindred a diſtribution of mo-
ney which Pompey had written for to RoE, to be beſtowed amongſt his ſouldiers. Whereupon Pom-
pey fell in friendfhip (or to ſpeak more plainly, in conſpiracy) with Craſſus and {eſar, by whoſe help
and afliftance, he filled Ro mz with Arms and Souldiers : and made the people by force to paſs and
confirm: what he would have done, after he had violently expulſed Lucu/lus and Cato'ourot the Mar-
ket-place, Whereat the Noble men were much offended, and miſliking the great wrong they had of-
fered Lucullus and Cato, Pompey's followers ſuborned a BxuTt1a w, and ſaid he wasraken lying in
wait to kill Powpey. Whereupen the ſaid Bxur 14 v being examined by the Senateznamed certain ; but
when he came before the People, he named Lacullus, ſaying that he had hired him to kill Pompey. But
no man believed him : for they perceived openly in the Market-place, that he was procured by them-
ſelves falfly to accuſe Lxcullus, and Pompey's other adverſaries. And this was proved more plainly
within a few days after, when voy threw the body of this BxuT 14N dead in the midft ofthe freer,
out of the priſon, who they ſaid died of himſelf with ſickneſs. Howbeir the marks being plainly ſeen
of the halter wherewith they had ſtrangled him, and the ſtripes appearing alſo which they bad given
him, did plainly ſhew that they themſelves did it, whom after they had ſuborned to accuſe Lucxllus,
they ſlew in this manner,” This was the cauſe wby Luextlss did more then before abſent himſelf from
meeting in publick cauſes : but after, when hefaw thar'they had ſo wickedly exiled Cicero, and found
means alſo to convey Cato farenough off, eider prerencet}-cotour toſend him with charge into the Iſle
Pompey.
Lucullus 3nd
Cato againſt
Pompey,
Pompey, Craſ=
ſus, Caſar,con-
|pired rogether
ag1inlt the
Srare,
Cicero calls
him Lucius Fe-
ſtius, howbeir
it may be that
he was a Bru-
tianbern.
of Cy yRus : then he gave up alrogether, Some wrice that a little before his death, he was not per- 7x 17ultus fell
fe in his wits, decaying zhrough age by little and lictle, Howbeit Cornelas I epos faith, that it was our of bis wits
not for age nor ſickneſshat his wits did alter, but through poiſon which one ot his-flaves had given before his
him, whom he had mads free, called Calithenes : who gave it him, not af any evil intens, but bei
his maſter ſhould love him the more, ſuppoſing that this poiſon had power to make him-lovehim.
he troubled his wits, ſa' with this poiſon, that Lucullixs while he lived was faintp havg his Brother
Marcns.to gverſee his gaods, Notwithſtanding this, when he was dead, he was mnyrwiledand
lamented of all the People, as if he had died in his beſt credit, and greateſt proſperity.
ple ran to honour'his Funerak, and his body was carried to the place, by the young Noblemen of the
(oy The People would in any caſe have buried him within the field of A4ars, as they had before bu-
ried Sy{la. But becauſeno man thought of it before, and alſo for that-things neceſſary were not eaſily
to be provided for the place : his brother Adarcxs beſought the People they would be content his fune-
rals might be at a Town of his own near unto the Ciry of Thus cuLun, where his Tomb was prepa-
red : and he himſelf lived not long time after, , For as Lucxll«s both in age 'and honour , had not lett
him far behind him : ſo did he not much in his death. For as a brother that. had always dearly toved
him, be could nox then long live, and ſurvive him, | j
The' end of Lucullus Life .
death.
Caliſthenes
poiſoned Li.
cullus whereof
he died.
tfall the Peg.) £#cullus death.
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THE COMPARISON OF
LUCULLUS with CI MON.
Pe \ i ; Y
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MY == Othing (in my opinion) made Luculls tnore happy, then to die when he did,
FIN © before he ſaw the change and alteration of the Commonweal, which the fa-
S| BS tal deſtinies plagued the Ro ans withall, with ſedition and civil Wars: and
2 that he died in his Country yet enjoying her liberty, but beginning then to fall
Z. to decay. And-in that (above all other things) he was likeft unto Cimon: who
© dicd whilſt the Gxt c1 4 ns werein good love and peace with other, and not
} JENZ Z in broil of diſcord. and Civil Wars, Indeed Cimon died in his Camp, being
=== General of his Country, at the ſiege of the City of Cr T1uM in Cy y rus; nor
withdrawn to his home, as one wearied, living idly, or leading a voluptuous life in feaſts and banquets,
making that the end and reward of his Wars, vicories and triumphs : but as Plato ſaid (when he wiſe-
ly blamed and reproved Orphexs, who promiſeth perpetual drunkenneſs in the world to come, for re-
ward of their vertue, chat lived well in this life) merrily. And truely it is a great comfort and con-
rentation of mind, for an old man feebled with age, and compelled by weakneſs, ro withdraw himſelf
from the worldy as well in matters of government in Peace, as in Wars : and quietly to paſs his time in
ſtudy, where delight is joined with honeſt contemplations. - But to finiſh his- verruous deeds, by re-
ferring them to pleaſure, as unto their onely end, and moreover, to grow old by pleaſure and vanity,
ſolemnizing Yenw feaſt all the reſt of his life, after he had made ſuch Wars, and commanded ſuch Ar-
mies; that methinks a thing unworthy of an honeſt Acavt1cx, and altogether unmeet for one pro-
feſſing old Xenocrates doctrine, but fit rather for a nian given over altogether to Epicurm diſcipline.
There is a wonderfull thing to be conſidered of in theſe two men, that the ones youth was altogether vi-
cious and reproachfull, and the others tothe contrary, honeſt and vertuous. Burt he is the better that
A good gift to changeth for the better : and that nature is always more commendable, in whom vice decayeth, and ver-
decay vice,and tye waxeth young : then that which by continuance of time ſheweth ſtill the contrary. And furthermore,
_ they both grew rich by one ſelf mean : but they did not both alike nſe their riches, For it were to no
7 purpoſe to compare the buildings of the Wall that ſtandeth Sourh withinthe Caſtle of ATH z x s,which
was built with the money {mor brought thither, with the fine built Chambers, and high raiſed Tur-
rets to gaze afar, and environed about with conduits of water, which Lacxllus ereted by Narrts,
with the ſpoils of the barbarous people. Neither is C:mons table alſo of moderate fare and diet, bur yet
open to every man, 'comparable to Lucullus board, which was ſumptuouſly furniſhed, and ſhewed the
greatneſs of his Lord, For C:imons board fed many mouths daily with a ſmall charge : and Lacallus
table exceeded in expence, to feed a few, with ſuperfluous dainties, Unleſs they will ſay, that time
cauſed this difference between them, But who can tell, if Cimon had been ar leiſure ro have withdrawn
himſelf ro quiet in age from Government and Arms, he alſo would not have led a more ſumptuous and
difſolute life, given to all pleaſure, then Lucull#s did ? For of his own nature he loved wine, banquets,
and plays, and was alſo given to women, as wehave told you before. But proſperity, and fortunate
ſucceſs of things do bring ſuch delights to ambitious men of nature, arid born to great enterprizes,
s" that they make them forget to run after their other voluptuous vain defires, And therefore had
/ Lucullus died abroad in the Wars, whileft he commanded armies, there had not been that living
* man, how curious ſoever he had been to reprove other mens faults, that could have dereRed him of
any reproachfull vice. And thus much for their manner of life. Now furthermore, touching the ſtate
of their Wars ; no doubt both the one and the other were excellent Captains, as well by ſea 8 by
. and.
Lucullus deach ;
bleſled.
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ly!
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)
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x97
4 ,
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= | nd
and LUCULLUS.
like as Zeand exerciſes of body which are ſhewed in G «tc, they that in
AclFaay winthe' games at'#reftling, and wepons both, are called by a ſtrange cuſtom, not con
querors onely, but vitors alſo, ro honour cherh withall : even ſo methinks that Cimon in like caſe
having in one ſelf day crowned GRE Ec with two notable marks of triumph, for two battles he wan,
the one by ſea, and the other by lang, deſervexh rohave ſome place and preferment before other < ap-
tains. And moreover, Lucullus received the Authbrity ro-comrhand, of his Country and Common-
wealth : but Cimon gave his C ountry both authority and ability ro command. Lucullss faund his
Country a commanding people to all chewririends and-contederaces ; through whoſe aid he overcame
his enemies. And C:mor contrarilyg termd bs Councry marchihg under anothers Enſign, and through
his valiantneſs did ſo bebave himſelf, thathe mNde is City po before her confederates, and triumph 0+
ver her enemies : conk(ptfONREEER $ tay bf tare to give thern the tote by fa, and perſwading the
LaCcEDEMONIANY give place amis.grem by land, Now if the chiefeſt thing that can
be in an excellent Caſhairi, -4%@ hinelf co be beloved of his foutdiers, that they might delight to
obey fff PR WIS” Liiomn iſed of his ſoldiers, and Ci16eftecthed and wondred at, even of
cullusWysfortaken of bis owhithett: add Cauoir was
Eacy +
pens T © ” coatadctars did joy) togethet with him. Cncrtine r@ul
| Ty fo tarfidd olit with bit, | cofinddng
| len, (imon'\xet
ro %
—_ p] F y
s; and had ar '(me time dneſfar fils Coy
ing their
Leneral,
Cimons rwo yi.
Qories obtain-
ed in one day,
Great diffe-
rence betwixt
Cimon and Lit.
callus.
Pati- Graye Magi»
by Cimon, foughr a battle immediately after againſt the G « £ c 14 xs, and overthrew the nn part
mer battles; durſt never once onely ſhew his Army urito Pompey, out of the ſtreagrh of his Crus . but
power of the King of Pzx5 14 over harried, the pride and fiercenels of the P:RS1Ax 5 layed aground
by many greac battles chey had [oſt before unto Themiſtocles, King Pauſanias, and Leotychides, who
had overthrown them : and going now again to fight afreſh with t
come the bodies of rhoſi ſe hearts were already vanquiſhed. Where Lacullus to the contrary,
aſſaike> Tigranes, thar Rad never been overcome, but bare a marvellous Jofry mind with him, for the
that all chings +> on atid conſidered; it were bard to judge which of them rwo proved the worthieſt
man ; for that ireetnerh, a the gods did favour both the one and the other, telling the one what he
THE
ſtrates reſem«
bled by fimili-
tude. unto good
Chirurgeons,
Mithridates
King of Pontus
died in the
Realm of Boſ-
pborus.
Tigranes King
of Armentis,
ſubmitterh
himſelfco
Pompey.
bp "Oe
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* Ann. Mund, | Y | Ant. Chriſt.
. . 3579+ | | 424-
<2 Have reaſon (as I think) to compare Nics« with Craſſus, and the events that
happened to the one in PARTH1A, with thoſe that betell the other in C1c1LE :
S&= Ye am1 to pray them that ſhall happen to read my writings, not to think me in
entermeddling with thoſe matters (in the deſcribing and reporting whereof ,
Thucydides bath:gone beyond himſelf, both for variety and livelineſs of ngrre-
F2>YJ tion, as alſo in choice and excellent words) to have the like intent and opinion,
—SSS that Time the Hiſtoriographer had, Who, hoping by the gravity and life of
NEEIEINY his words and reports, to darken the glory of Thucyasaes, and make Philifus
| (in compariſon of himfelf) appear ignorant, and without any grace of hiſtoricall narration: hath in his. |
Hiſtory of purpoſe ſought occaſion to enter into the deſcribing of thoſe battles by ſea and by land;-and
the report of thoſe ſpeeches and narrations, which are delivered by them with great judgement and elo-
quence. Wherein he cometh as near them whom he contends to pals, as: dohihe Footman to the Ly-
_ —_— as faith P5ndarus t and beſides ſheweth himſelf fond and of ſmall judgement, vr as 'Di-
5 . prunwlath:; 5.4 PN
Timeus follies A lubber laden with Sicilian greaſe. ; War ant»
And in divers places he falleth into Xenarchus follies, As where he ſaith, thathe thinks it was-an evil
token for the ATHENIANS, that 5c54 the Captain (whoſe name was derived of this word Nice,
ſignifying victory) diſſwaded their attempts againſt $1c 11s : and thatb gry down and mang-
| ling of the Herms (to ſay, the images of eHercury) it was foreſhewed that they ſhould receive great
overthrows by the General of the SyRacusans, called Hermocrates, the ſon of Hermon. And fur-
| ther, that it was not unlikely that Hercules did fayour the Sy k a cus ans,þy reaſon, of the goddeſs
Proſeryina (proteor and defender of the City of Sy Kacusa) to-requite her for that ſhe gave him
(erberus the dog, Porter of hell : and that he tid malicethe ATHEN1ANs beſides, becauſe they took
the AGESTEAANS parts (who came of the Tx01aNs, whom he much hated) for breaking their
promiſe and faith with him, whoſe City himſelf had overthrown in reyenge ofthe wrong that Laome-
don King of Troy had offered him: * Howbeit 75meus thews as much wit and judgment, in delivering
= _— ſuchroys in an hiſtory, as he doth.in correRing the ſtile of Phi/;ſtus, or in condemning and railing
riftete. "n* on Plato-and Ariſtotle. But in my fancy, this ambition and contention to write or to ſpeak more clear-
' Ty then others, ſheweth always a baſe envious mind, like a Scholler full of School points, But when
it ſtriveth with things that for their” excellency are paſt imitation; then is it extream folly and mad-
nels. Since therefore I may not'paſs yer nor omix certain things, which Thacydides and Phili-
ſtus have _ ſet down, and eſpecially thoſe whetein they open N7csas nature and qualities, which
the variety of his ſucceſſes and fortune did cover : I muſt lightly touch them , and report ſo
much as is neceſſary and convenient, left men condemn me for ſloth and negligence. And in the
k $ <
The praile of .&
Tbucydides,
451
md things not commonly marked and known, which
ſu t orks and ancient Records, as out of many old Anti-
a "and of them'all leda Narration , which will ſerve (1 doubt not ) to decipher the
an and his Nature. Of Njc54s therefore may be ſaid that which Ariſforle hath written of him, thac
there were three famous Citizens of ATHENs, very honeſt men, and which favoured the Commo- |
nalty with a naturall fatherly love ; N ctas the Son of N iceratas, Thucydides the Son of Xi- "
leſins , and Theramines the Son of Agnon, But of the three , this laſt was of (malleſt accoun : ,,.. _ |
for he is flouted as a Forreigner born in the Iſle of Czos, and challenged befides for inconftan; *## ©4998: z
and irreſolute in matters of Stare and Government ; and inclining ſometimes to brie FaRion , ſome- j
times ro another : he was called Corhurnas , a kind of Buskin indiffereatly ſerving for both legs, and 4
in old time was uſed of common Players of Tragedies, Of the other two, Thucydides being the el- #
der, did many good a&s in favour of the Nobility againſt Pericles, who alwaies took part with þ|
the inferiour ſort, Nicias that was the younger, had realonable eſtimation in Per;cles life time : for he py |
was joyned Captain with him , and oftentimes alſo had charge by himſelf alone without him, Af- WW: |
ter Pericles death , the Nobility raiſed him to great Authority , to be as a ſtrong Bulwark for them, 0
againſt Cleons inſolency and boldneſs ; and withall he had the love of the Peopleto advance and pre- q
fer bim, Now this Cleo: in troth could do much with the People , he did fo flatter and dandle them, *
like an old man , till feeding their humour wich gain ; bur yer they themſelves whom he thus flat- 3
rered , knowing his extream covetouſneſs , impudency and boldnels , preferred Nicias before him, |
becauſe his gravity was not ſevere nor odious , but mingled with a kind of modeſty , that he ſeemed [
to fear the preſence of the People , which made them thereby the more to love and efteem him. For Niciss atimo- Wi. 4
being ( as he was ) of a fearfull and miſtruſtfull nature and diſpoſition , in Wars he cloaked his fear 59% 980- "0
with good Fortune , which ever favoured him alike in all his Journeys and Exploits that he took in 1!
hand , where he was Captain, Now being wuch afraid of Accuſers, this timorous manner of his The nature of 48
proceeding in the wy , was found to be popular , whereby he wan him the good will of the People : the People. WW |
and by means thereof roſe daily more and more, becaule the People commonly fear thoſe that hate |
them, and advance them that fear them, For the greateft honour Nobility can do to the Com- i
monalty , is to ſhew that they do not deſpiſe them, Now Pericles , who through his perfe& vertue Ui
onely , and force of his great eloquence ruled the whole State and Commonwealth of Aryzns , be |
needed no counterfeit colour, nor artificiall flattering of the People , ro win their favour.and 4%
wills : but Njczas lacking that , and having Wealth enough , ſought thereby to creep into the Peo- |
ples favour, And where Cleoz would entertain the ATHENIANS with pleaſant toys and devices ,
and could feed the Peoples humour that way : Nicias finding himſelf no fir man to work by ſuch ,.. Lee [ierals, {Wi
encounter , crept into the Peoples favour with liberality , with charges of common Plays, and with y =2 _ Ni at
ſuch like ſumptuouſneſs , exceeding in coſt and pleaſant Sports , not onely all thoſe that had been. be- fcence, * Hal
fore him, bur ſuch alſo as were in his time, There yet remain Monuments of his conſecrating unto "ik
the gods,” as the Image of Pa{las in the Caſtle of ATHENS, the gilt being worn off : and the Chap- by - |
pelLwhich is under the Feſtivall Table of Bacchxs : for he many times had the chief price in Bas- j
chas Dances, and never went away without ſome gain, And touching this matter , there goeth a %
report , that at certain Plays , whereof Nicias defrayed the charges , one of his men came forth up- : AFvg
on the Players Stage before the People, apparelled like Bacchxs : and being a goodly tall young tf
. man, without any hair on his face, the ATHEN1ANs took ſuch pleaſure to fee him fo attired , 0
that they madeaclapping of their hands a long time together for joy. Therewithall Nicias ſtood Mg
'«" up, and told them , xbat it were a ſhame ſor him to leave the body of a man in bondage , that openl it
yas eſteemed as a;god-:*and thereupon forthwith made this young Slave a Freeman, Men write uſo W
of certain ſam | and devour ats he did 'in the Iſle of Dg10 s, where the Dancers and Singers "of
which the Cities'af GR cs ſent thither ro ſing Rhimes and Verſes in the honour of Apollo, were thy
wont: before. to atrive diſorderly : and the cauſe was, for the numbers of People that ran to ſee
ther4-who mad&chem' fing ftraight without any order, and landing in haſte our of their Ships,
they left their Apparel] , and' pur on ſuch Veſtments as they ſhould wear in Proceſſion, and their
' Garlands:of Flowers on their” heads, all at one preſent time. But N3ci4s being commanded to go
thither r0-;preſent the m_—_ ATHENS, landed firſt in the Ifle of Rex14, hard adjoyning to
the Ile of Deros , his Singers, his Beaſts for Sacrifice , and with all the reft of his Train , |
e300 ng. uw. which he had cauſed to be made at ATHENS , upon meaſure taken of | F
the Chanel}, berwixt the one- and the other Iſle, ſer out with Pictures and Tables, with gilding, '\|t
with Noſegaysand'Garlands of Triumph , and with excellent wrought Tapiſtry , which in the night 1 fs
he ſet up+ upon the Channel ,- being nor very broad, and the next morning by break of the day cau- (188
ſed his Singers ro-paſs over upon it, ſinging allthe way as they went in his Proceſſion ſo nobl i
ſer forth ; amt, very 'Temple of Apollo. And when the Sacrifice , the Feaſt , and Games oh
that were to be played were finiſhed , he gave a goodly Palm-tree of Copper , which he offered '
| up to Apolls,, bought Lands beſides that coft him ten thouſand. Drachma's, which he conſecra- qt
| ted alſo unto the god Patron of the Iſle : and ordained, that the . profics of the ſame ſhould be 'f
| yearly beſtowed:upon the DzL1 ans, upon an open Sacritice and Feaſt, in the which they ſhould |
pray to their god, for the health and proſperity of N5csas © and fo: caufed it to be written and |
graven upon a Pillar he left in Dzros , as a perpetuall Monument: and Keeper of his Offering and
) Foundation. Afterwards , | this Copper Palm-tree being broken-by winds, it fell upon the great
: Image of the Na x1ans Gift, threw it down to the Ground. Surely in this Ceremony
Qq and f
> O—
_— —
— oC CODE OO _ . oo eo -———_-
l — =” "SR
= ==: e
P22
— — =
anda& of his, there was a marvellous pomp, and great:tliey
that ſhall conſider of bis Life and Actions, may ealily perſwadehumlel
pure zeal and deyotion, and ſecondly, to give pleaſure and paftimeto |
ides report of him, he was one that feared the gods with trembling, and was whol / given to Religi-
Nicias ſuper= on, We find written in one of the Dialogues of Paſiphoor, that N;cias did ſacrifice daily to the gods,
Ricions. and kept a Soothlayer — Houſe, giving out abroad, that it was to counſell with him
what ſhould happen aboutthe affairs of the Commonwealth : but in troth it was to enquire of his own
Nicias Mines buſineſs, and ſpecially of his Mines of Silver. For he had many great Mines about Laurton fide,
of Silyer. = that werevery profitable to him : but withall they digged with great danger, and he was driven con-
tinually to keep a marvellous number of Slaves at work there. The moſt part of Nicias Riches was in
ready Money, and thereby he had many cravers and hangers on him, whom he gave Money unto : for
he gave as well unto the wicked People that might do miſchief, as unto them that deſerved reward,
Nicias for fear andwere worthy of hisliberaliry. Thus was his fear a Rent tothe wicked, as his liberaliry was alſo a
gavetorhe Revenue to the good ; and hereof the Comical Poets do deliver us ancient teſtimony, For Teleslides
wicked, ſpeaking of a certain Informer, ſaid thus :
Caricles did refuſe to give one Mina, for to ſtay
The bruiting of hi ſecret birth, conveyed cloſe away :
But Nice, the Son of Nicerate, did willingly beſtow
A brace of Mina's double told. And though I well do know
The cauſe of his ſo doing, yet 1 will not him bewrays
For why ? the man is my good friend, and wiſe, I dare well ſay.
And he, whom Eupolis mocketh in his Comedy intituled Maricas, bringing a plain fimple man upon
the Stage, doth ask him : | ; |
45
=
V
The Intormee : face thes did Peak with N
How long us it ago ſince thou azdſt ſpeak,with Nicias ?
The plain Man : Y
1 ſaw him ſtanding even right now apon the Market-place. 0 way
The Informer : __
his man affirms he ſaw him there. And wherefore ſhould he ſay
He ſaw him, but of ſome intent his lewdneſs to bewray ? /
Now Sirs, ye ſee how Nicias here s taken in ths trip,
| For all his walking cloſe in clouds, to give the privy ſlip.
The Author :
O fooliſh folk,, ſappoſe ye that ſo good a man as he,
In jus 'L or fares fatt al tardy taken be ?
And C leon threatning in the Comedy of Ar:ftophanes, intituled the Knights, faith theſe words :
The Orators if by the throat I taks,
Then ſure 1 am, that Nictts ſtraight will quake.
Phrynic us ſelf telleth us alſo glaunſingly, that he was ſo timorous and cafe to be frayed, when he ſaid,
ſpeaking of another man :
A good ſtout man ( I know full well) he was,
And not a coward, like to Nicias. |
Now MNicias being thus timorous of nature, and fearing to give any little occaſion to the Orators to
accuſe him, kept himſelf ſo warily, that he neither durſt eat nor drink with'any man in -the City,
yet put forth himſclf in company to talk, or paſs the time amongſt the, but altogether avoid- .
uch Sports and pleaſures. For when he was in Office, he would never"out of the Council-houſe,
but Kill buſied himſelf in diſpatching Cauſes, from morning ill night, and was ever the firft that
- came, and laſt that went away, And when he had no. matter of State in hand, then was he very
hardly to be ſpoken withall, and would ſuffer no acceſs unto him, but kept cloſe in his Houſe : and
ſome of his friends did ever anſwer them that came te his Gate, and prayed them to pardon him, ſay-
ing; that he was buſie then about ' Affairs of the Commonwealth, "One Heron, whom MNicias
Niciss Hicrons had brought up in his Houſe, and had himſelf caught him both Learning and Mufick, was his grea-
Schoolmaſter. teſt procurer and inſtrument to keep him from ſpeech with any and brought him to this Re-
; putation of Greatneſs and Gravity, This Heron (as it is ned was the Son of «Dionyſus
Dionyſus Chal- Chglcus, of whom they find certain Poeticall words at this day : who being Captain of a cer-
= ms By tain number of men that were ſent to dwell in ITALY, did build there the City of Taus1ss.
Thurks © Hieron 1 fay did ſerve his turn, and holp him ſecretly to enquire whatbe would underftind of the
Soothſayers, and gave out thefe words among the People : that Nicies led-too miſerable and
painfull a life , for the over-great care he took to ſerve the Commonwealth : inſomuch , as
though he were in his'Hot-houſe ro waſh him, or at his Table at Meat, his mind ran till of ſome
matters about the Commonwealth , and to ſerve the State did negle&t his own private Affairs :
ſo that he ſcant began to ſleep and rake reft, whenothers commenly had ſlept their firſt ſleep, and
that he looked like no body. 0] , that he was How crabbed and uncourteous, even
to ſuch as before had been his familiar friends : ſo that, ſaid he, he loſeth them together with his
Goods, and all bs oo of the Commonwealth , where others grow rich , win friends,
Niciss Wark
n
neſs to offend. _
-
4
by the credit they haye to be beard of the People, and can make merry among them, und ſport wich
| the
© NICIAS.
0D. 4.
433
heaters of Site ich theybyTin their hands, Now introth, ſuch was Nic life, that he might
ws ye wil eAg Sndynon ſpake of himſelf in the Tragedy of Exripides, called Ephigenie
in AULIDE, p
In outward ſhtw of ſtately pomp, all others Texceed,;
And yet the Peoples underling 1 am in very deed,
And Nicsas perceiving that the People in ſomethings did ſerve their turns with the experience of them
that were eloquent, and wiſer then others, although they yer miſtruſted their ſufficiency, and had a
ſpecial eyeto them, plucking down their courage, by taking their Authority from them : as for proof,
the condemnation of Pericles, the baniſhment of Damon, and the miſtruſt had of eAntiphon
RHAM NUSIAN; and moreover by what they did unto Paches (that took the Iſle of Lss 30s) who
being brought before the Judges in open Council to give up an account of his charge, drew out his
Sword, and ſlew himſelf in preſence of them all. 5654s, 1 ſay, remembring theſe examples, ſought
ever to fly from thoſe Offices which were either too great or too ſmall , and when he accepted any, had
ſpecial regard to work ſurely, and to venture nothing. Whereby all his Enterprizes that he took in
hand, as we may eafily conjeRure, proſpered marvellous well: but yer he imputed nothing to his own
wiſdom, nor yet to his vertue and ſufficiency, bur thanked Fortune ever for all, and praying diligently
to the gods, contented himſelf ro leſſen his glory, and that onely to avoid envy : as the event of things
falling our even in his time do ſufficiently witneſs unto us. Forthe City of ATHz ns having ſuſtained
many great loſſes and overthrows, he was never a Party, nor had ought to do in any of them, As once
for example : the ATHENI1ANS were overcome in THRACIA by the CHALCIDONIANS, howbeit
it was under the leading of (alliades and Xenophon, who were their Captains, Another time, the loſs
they had in £T 0114 under the charge of Demoſthenes. Moreover, at Dei 1um, a City of Bos.
oT14, where they loſt a thouſand men at one Conflict, Hippocrates then being General there. And
as touching the Plague, the greareſt number laid the fault thereof to Pericles, who by reaſon of Wars
kept the men that came out of the Country, within the Walls of the Ciry of AtHz ns : and ſo by
changing of air, and their wonted manner of life, they fell into ir. Now with none of all theſe grear
troubles and misfortunes, was Nics es ever burthened ;- but contrariwiſe he being Captain took the Iſle
of CyTHERA , which the LaczDaMoNIANS inhabited, being an excellent place for ſcituation to
| moleſt anddeftroy the Country of Laconia. He wandivers Cities that had rebelled in Tyxa<1a,
| and brought them once more under the obedience of ATHz Ns, At his firſt coming, having ſhut in the
Mz6Arans within their Walls, he took the Iſle of M1No a : and at his departurethence, ſhortly
after wan the Haven of N15 4 alſo.” Furthermore, landing in the Country of the CoxrtnTfians,
he overcamethem that offered him Battle, and. ſlew a greatnumber, and among others Lycophron the
Captain, At this Battle he chanced to forget to bury two of his men that were (lain, whoſe bodies
could not be found in gathering up of the reſt : howbeit, ſo ſoon as he heard of ir, he cauſed all his
Fleet toftay, and ſent an Herauld to the Enemies, to pray leave to fetch away thoſe two bodies. Now,
panes by Law of Arms, they-that ſentto ask leave to take away their dead to w_ them, did thereb
loſe the honour of their ViRory, and were barred to ſet up any Mark or Token of Triumph, becauſe
i ſeemed'by the Suir, that they which had them in their power were Conquerors, and not the Peti-
tioners that made requeſt for them, which otherwiſe needed not to have made demand of them : Nicsas
notwithſtanding was contented rather to forſake:the honour of his Victory, then to leave the bodies of
wo of his Countrymen inthe Field without burial. So, after he had deſtroyed all the Coaſt of Laco-
'NIA, and hzd overcome certain LaczD&amoNIANS that came againſt him. in Battle, he took the
' Ciry of Thy RK RA, -whictrthe £61Nem es kept at that time, whom he brought Priſoners unto A-
THENS, And when the PELoPoONNESIANS had prepared great Armies both by Sea and by Land to
' beliege the Fort of Py 1s, the whieh Demoſthenes the Captain had fortified : Battle __ given by
Sea, it chanced there remained four hundred natural Citizens of SearT a within the Iſle of Spacr z-
RIA.- Now the ATHENZANS thought it a notable exploit of them (as indeed it was) to take thoſe
four hundred alive : howbeit the Siege was very ſore, becauſe they lacked water even in the midſt of
Summer, and were forced to fetch a marvellous compaſs to bring Vicuals to their Camp; which when
Winter ſhould be once come, would be very dangerous, and almoft an impoſſible thing ro do, Where-
upon they then became and repented them much that they had ſent away the Ambaſſadors of the
LA ctD&4MONIANS which came to them'to treat of Peace, and thatthey had com. of 2m pro-
curement) ſuffered them to depart in that ſort without reſolution taken : who was againſt them alro-
gether onely to do Nic:as adeſpight, being his Enemy, and did earneſtly ſolicize the matter the La-
CEDEAMYQNIANS requeſted, This was the cauſe why Cleon perſwaded the ATHz Nias to refuſe
their offer of Peace. But when the People ſaw that this Siege drew out in length, and that their Camp
ſuffered grievous wants and neceſſities, then they fell out with Ccon, and he again burthened Nicsas,
faying, that through his fear be would let the beſieged SparTAn s eſcape, and that if he had been
Captain, they ſhould nor have bglden out ſo long, Thereupon the ATaanians faid aloud to
Cleon : And why doſt thou not go thither then. ro take them? Moreover Nicsas felf alſo rifing
up, openly . gave him his Authority to take this Py xx, .and bade him levy as many Souldiers as
he would to go thither, and not to brag with ſuch impudenr+words where was no danger, bat
to do ſome notable” ſervice ro-rhe Commonwealth, Cleon at the firft ſhrunk back , being a-
mazed withall, lictle thinking they would -have taken him'fo ſuddenly at his word ; but 'm the end,
" - Qqz2 perceiving
———_—
_
Nicias life.
The Law of
Arms.
- —— — — ___— — — -
% PY
—_— — — — — — — — Pd
ms,
” ;
Tp E-
=
«- &
te
454
——_ _—
"NI CT NS. 1h
Ajeſt of Cleon, FOr it is reported of him , that the People on a time being ſolemnly affembled. in Councell early in
The immode-
rate liberty of
Cleon,
Cleons lewd
and light ge-
ftures in his
-Orations.
Alcibiades di-
vers wit.
Clconand Bra-
ſodas, the two
wwe wickedneſs of the one , -and advanced: the yaliantneſs of the other , giving to. cither occaſion to do
genemnny 0) 2! great-miſchief, and alſo opportunity-to work: many noble exploits, Now Cleon and: Braſidas being
Greece.
Nicias recon- that their Priſoners -of SPARK t 4 ( who had been taken at-the Fort of Pyle.) were gently jacreated ,
cileth the Spare and-had made their miſerable Captiviry more tolerable, ':Se, Peace was concluded between the
rans with the
Athenians.
perceiving the Pegple urged him to it,-and that Nicsas-al{0 was importthate withſtim\} ambien ſo
inflamed him , that he-not onely took the charge' upon him, but og Frerery id-, ThafWithin
twenty daies after his departure he would either put all the SeaxT a Ns the Sword, or bring
them Priſoners unto ATHENs, The ATHENIANS hearing Cleon ſay ſo, had more luſt to laugh
a good, then to believe that he ſpake : for it was their-manner ever, to, laugh at his anger and folly.
the morning , to hear what Cleo would fay , and having tarried long for him , at the length he came
with a Garland on his head, and prayed the Afſembly to diſmiſs the Court till the next morning : for
| (quoth he) Ifhall not beat leifure to day , becauſe I haye ſacrificed, and do feaſt alſo,certain ſtran-
gers my friends that are come to ſee me. So the People burſt ont in a. laughing , and brake up the
Cleons victory) Aſſembly. This notwithſtanding., Fortune favoured him at that' time , and he handled himſelf
of rhe Lacede- ſo well in this charge with Demoſthenes , that he took all the SparTANSs that they. beſieged ,
monians,
within the time he had appointed , ſaving ſuch as were (lain : and having made them yeeld , brought
them Priſoners to ATHENS, This fell out greatly to Xic:.a5 ſhame- and reproach. For it ap-
peared not onely a caſting away of his Shield, bur worſe then that , a voluntary forſaking of his
Province upon a baſe timorous mind , giving his Enemy occaſion thereby to do ſome-noble Exploit,
depriving himſelf of his honourable; charge. Wherefore eAriſtophanes mocketh him again-, in his
Comedy of Birds, ſaying : n
It 5s no tome to ſleep and linger ſtill , |
As Nicias doth , without good cauſe or kill.
Alſo in another place of his Comedy of Plowmen, he faith :
I fain would follow husbandry. who lets thee ? Marry you.
A thouſand Drachma's 1 will give tobe diſcharged now
Of Office in the Commonweal. Content ſo ſhall we have
T wo thouſand Drachma's juſt , with thoſe which Nicias lately gave.
But herein N5c#as did great hurt to the Commonwealth, ſuffering Cleor: in that fort ro grow to cre-
dit and eſtimation. For after that ViRory , Cleon = to ſo haughty a mind and pride of himſelf,
that he was not to be dealt withall .: whereupon fcll our” the occaſion of the great miſeries that hap-
pened to the City of ATHE Ns, which moſt grieved Nzc:as of all other, For Cleon amongſt other
things took away the modeſty and reverence uſed before in publick Orations'to the -People : be of all
other was the firſt that cried out in his: Orations , that clapped his hand on bis thigh , threw open his
Gown; and flung up-and down the Pulpitas he ſpake. _ Of which example afterwards followed all
licentiouſneſs , and contempt of honeſty , the whick all-the Orators iand Counſellours fell into, that
dealt in matters of: State and Commonwealth , and was inthe end the overthrow of all together, In
that very time began Alcibiades to grow to credit, by:praftice in' the, State , who was not. ogenier
ſocorrupr, neither ſimply evil , but as they ſay-of the Land of &cx »T, that for the fatnels and
luſtineſs of the Soyl : 8 LT AIER |
"_ It bringeth forth moſt wholſome berbs., and alſo noyſome' weeds. 1.0
Even ſo Alcibiades wit excelling either in:good or ill, was the cauſe and beginning of great change and
alteration. For, it fell out, that after Vic5as was rid of-Cleon, he could not yet bring the, City. of A-
THENS again to peace and quietneſs. - For when the Commonwealth began to grow-to:ſome reſt
and. reaſonable gaod order , then was it. again brought into Wars,, through Alcib5ades extream
fury of ambition. And thus it began. The onely Peace-breakers and diſturbers of common-quier ge+
nerally;:throughout Gxzz cx , were theſe. two perſons, ,Cleor and Braſidas,:- for War cloaked the
both: ſlain together at a: Battell fought:by A» y11P0145 , 'N+c:45 ſtraight perceiving/the SPAR-
a defited Peace., andichat the ATHENIANS re co Ng tro Wars,
butthat both the one and the other had their hands full,and- were willing-to: be quiet , deviſed, whar
means-he-might uſe to.bring.SyarTA and. ATHENS: to; reconciliation; again., and to xid all the
Citjes of Grz zcx. alſo. from broyl.and miſery of War ,-that tbeyoedcthey-cnight Alrogether
enjoy a-peaceable and bappy life. The-rich-men , the old'tnen- and the Husbapdmen , he found very
willing to-hearken. ro Peace, and talking privately alſo with divers others, he-had ſo' perſwaded them,
that. he cooted them for; being deſirous. of War, Whertupon, putting the S2pART ANS in, good
bope thatall were iriclined to Peace, if they ſought it , the: Spar A Ns, believed him, not onely for
thatthey/hd found him at other times very ſoft and courteous , bur alſo becauſe he was carefull co {ce
SPARTANS: and the ATHENIANS for a year, during -yehich abſtinence ;'they frequenting one
another again , and beginning to taſte the focench ant pleaſures 'of Peace, and the (afery ot. free
accel _— rg Pender S chat were ſtrat * _ 1 "may oy ight __
nuein Peace and Amity together, without-cffuſion of bloud of.citber P t00 t deli
in their Dances , phiar Dong ng! c "Is bd ry - | n
238154452 1+ L{ndilet my Spear be o n, with duſty Spiders Webs. |
They-die: alſo. with. great- joy and gl rem&nber. him. which ſaid , that in Peace no ſound of
Trumper, butthe crowing of a Cock doth wake rhem that be aſleep : and on the other fide , they cur-
ſed,and reok on-with chem that ſaid it! was predeftined , the War ſhould continue thrice nine __
.
.
. -
_. XX
NICIAS.
And ſo , upon a meeting together to talk of. many matters, they made an univerſall Peace through-
out all Gxzzcz, Now moſt men thought , that ſurely all their ſorrows and miſeries were come
roanend, and there wasno talk of any man but of Nzcias, ſaying , that he was a man beloved of
the gods, who for his devotion towards them , had this ſpeciall gitt given him , that the greateſt ble(-
fing that could come unto the World, was called after his Name, For to confeſs a troth , every man
was certainly perſwaded, that this Peace was Nicias work, as the War was Pericles procurement,
who upon light cauſes perſwaded the Gxtcians to run beadlong into moſt grievous calami-
ties : and 2\ jc5as on the other fide had brought them to become friends, and to forget the great hurts
the one had received of the other in former Wars, And even to this preſent day that Peace is cals
led N i5cium , as who would ſay, N5cias Peace. The Capitularions of the Peace were thus agreed
upon : Thar of either fide they ſhould alike deliver up the Cities and Lands, which each had taken
from other in time of Wars, together with the Priſoners alſo : and that they ſhould firſt make
reſtitution , whoſe lot it was to begin. 2\:cias ( according to Theophraſtus report ) for ready Mo-
ney ſecretly bought the lot , that the LaczDamoNniaNns might be the firſt that ſhould make re-
ſirution, And when the Cox1NTHIAaNs and BOzOTIANS that diſliked of this Peace, ſoughr
by the complaints they made, to renew the War again, 2 :c:as then perſwaded both the At#z-
NIANS and LACEDE&AMONIANS, that they ſhould, add tor ftrength unto their ,Countrey,, the
Alliance and Peace offenſive and defenſive made berween them, for a more {ure knot of friend(hip,
whereby they might be the berter aſſured the one of the other , and allo the more dreadfull ro their
Enemies that ſhould rebell againſt them, Theſe things went clean againſt eLlcibiades mind : who
beſides that he was ill born tor Peace , was enemy allo unto the LaczpmoNI1ANS, forthat they
ſought to \ 5c4as, and made none account of him , but deſpiſed him, Here was the occaſion thar cau-
ſed Alcibiades to prove from the beginning what he could do to hinder this Peace, wherein he prevai-
led nothing, Yet ſhortly afer , Alcibsades perceiving that the ATHENIANS liked not ſo well of
the LacEDEMONIANS as they did before, and that they —_— themſelves injured by them ,
becauſe they had lately made League with the BozoT1aNs without their privity, and had nox
wholly rendred up the Cities of PANac Tum and AMPH1POLIS , according to the Couditions ar-
ticled between them : began then to inarge and aggravate the Peoples complaints , and ro make them
offended with every one of them. And furthermore he procured Ambaſſadours from the City of
ARGos to cometo ATHENS, and ſo handled the matter, that the ATtyznians made League
offenſive and deffenfive with them. While theſe matters were thus in hand , there came to ATHzns
alſo Ambaſſadours from LaczD&0O , with full Power and Authority to ſer all things ar ſtay, and
to compound all controverſies : who having firſt ſpoken with the Senate , propounding things unto
them both very honeſt and reaſonable. Whereupon , Alcibiades bei
they went about , ſo far forth as they would not confeſs themſelves ro have abſolute power from
the Ephores : making them to believe it wasthe onely way to bring their matters to paſs. The Am-
bafſadours giving credit to his words, relied upon him , and ſo forſook Nicias. Whereupon A1-
cibiades b t them before the People, being ſer in Counſell, and there demanded openly of them,
whether they had full Power and Authority to accord all matters, yea or no? Whereunto they make
him anſwer witha loud voyce , that they had not. Thereupon Alcibsades , contrary both to their ex-
peRation , and his own Oath and Promiſe made unto them, began to call the Councell to witneſs ,
whether they did not in open Senate ſay the contrary, and ſo adviled the Veople not ro truſt nor give
credit unto ſuch men , ,as were openly taken with ſo manifeſt a lie , and that in one ſelf-matter would
one while ſay one thing , another while another, It boots not to ask whether the Ambaſſadours
| were much amazed to hear Alcibiades' words : for Nicias himſelf wiſt not what to ſay co the mat-
ter , the ſuddenneſs of the cauſe did ſo confuſe and grieve him, being a thing heleaſt looked for,
Now the People they were ſo moved beſides , that they became indifferent whether ro have ſent for
the Ambaſſadours of AxGOs preſently to have made League with them, or not : but there fell
out an Earth-quake upon this matter , that greatly ſerved N:c54s turn and brake up the Aſſembly.
The People meeting again in Councell the next morning , 2\jc44s withall that he could do or ſay,
could ſcant with-hold them from making League with the AxG1ves : and to get leave in the
mean time to go to the LacED&MONIANS , promiſing he would make all well again. There-
upo', Nicias going to SPARTA, was received and honoured there like a Nobleman , and as one
whom they thought well affe&ted towards them : bur for the reſt, he prevailed nothing, and being
overcome by thoſe that favoured the BozOT1Ans , returned again to ATHENS as he departed
thence : where he was not onely ill welcomed home, and worſe eſteemed , but was alſo in dan-
er of his Perfon, through the fury of the People, that at his requeſt and councell had redelivered
uch men Priſoners, and fo great a number of them. For indeed , the Priſoners which (cor had
brought to ATHENs from the” Fort of Pyle, were all of the chiefeſt Houſes of Syarrt a, and
their Kinſmen and Friends were the nobleſt men of the as Notwithſtanding , the People in the
end did none other violence to him , ſaving that they choſe Alcibiades their: Captain, and made
League with the Extawns and MANTINEANS ( Which had revolted from the LactDsno-
NIANS) and with the AxGi1ves alſo ; and ſent Pyratesto the Fort of Pyle, to ſpoil the Coun-
trey of LacoNnTa. Upon theſe occafions the ATHENIANS fell again into Wars. Now whea the
quarrell and controverſies was greateſt between Nicias and Alcibiades , the Oſtraciſmon ( to wit,
Qq 3 : the-
455
Nicias Peace.
being afraid that they letting the Ambafladours
People underſtand ſo much , ſhould thereby bring them to yeeld to what they deſired : he finely de- ſent from gpar-
ceived the poor Ambaſſadours by this device, He promiſed upon his Oath to help them in that
ta to Athens,
Alcibiades craft
and deceit.
Alcibiades
perjured.
The Earth-
quake holp
Nicias.
N ictas ſcene
A mbaſſadout
unto Faris.
© >> OG TEA oo << pts Weir URI ern 4
456
"NICIAS.
[I
the baniſhment for a time ) camein, by rhe which the People baniſhed for ten years any ſuch of
The uſe of the their Citizens as they thought cither of too great Authority , or that was moſt envied for his Wealth
Oftraciſmon. "and Subſtance, ' Alcibiades and 2 5c5a5, were then nor a little perplexed,confidering their preſent dan-
- Hyperbolus.
Nicias and
Alcibiades
joyned Tribes
againſt Hyper -
bolus.
Hyperbolus ba-
niſhed for ten
years.
The taking a-
way of ten
years baniſh.
ment.
ger, being ſure that the one of them two ſhould Not fail but be baniſhed by-this next banichment,, For
the People hated Alcibiades life, and were afraid of his valiantneſs : as we have more amply declared
in the deſcription of his life.” And for 2\jc4as, his wealth made him to be envied ;. beſides they miſli-
ked his ſtrange manner of dealing , being no more tamiliar nor converſant withthe People then he
was , and counted him too ſtately ; moreover they hated him alſo becauſe in many matters he had f| pO-
ken direly againſt the thing the People deſired, and had enforced chem againſt their wills to agree
to that which was profitable for themſelves. In fine, ro ſpeak more plainly , there fell out great
frife between the young men that would have Wars, and the old men that coveted peace., {ome
deſirous to baniſh I 5c:as, and ſome others Alc;biades, but
s 1 Wheye diſcord reigns in Realm or Town,
| The wicked win the chief renown.
And ſo it fell out then. For the AT#tN1AaNns being divided in two FaRtions, gave authority to
certain of the'moſt impudemr and inſolent perſons that were in all the City : and among them was
one Hyperbolus of the Town of PartTHus,a man of no behavioor nor value,why be ſhould be bold :
bur yer one thar grew to ſonie'credit and power, diſhonouring his Countrey by the honour they gave
him. Now #yperbolus thinking” himſelf free ar that time from any danger of baniſhment,. (having
rather deſerved the Gallows )' toping that if one of them two were baniſhed , he ſhould match him
well enough that remained behind : ſhewed openly that he was glad of their diſcord and variance,
and buſily ſtirred up the People againſt them both. Nicias and Alcibiages being acquainted with his
wicked praiſes,” having ſecretly "talked together , joyned both their faRions in one ; whereby they
brought it ſ6'to-pals, that neither of them were baniſhed, but Hyperbolu ſelf for ten years, Which
matter for the preſent time made rhe People very erty » though atterwards it grieved them much, ſee-
ing their Ordinance of the Oftraciſmon blemiſhed by rhe unworthineſs of the perſon : which puniſh-
mient was an-honiour unto hinmr.-* For this baniſhment was thought a meet puniſhment for T hucigdides,
Ariſtides and ſich like men'of 'accompt as they, or their like : but for Zyperbolus , it was thought
100 preat'th h6nbut , and too manifeſt an occaſion of glory to be;given to him, that for his wickedneſs
had the f-ſamepuniſhmenr, which was to be inflifted upon the chicfeſt Eſtates for their greatwe(s.
And' the Conical] Poet Plaro himſelf faith in a place:
| +. © Although bs lewd behaviour deſery'd as much and more,
\»* 1: VTer was not that the puniſliment he ſhould bave had therefore,
11? ** TheOftracy deviſed was for men of noble fame,
* And not for varlets, whoſe lewd liſe deſerved open ſhame. :
After this HyperboJus, 'there was never man baniſhed ' with the Oftraciſmon, For himſelf was the
laſt, as Hipparchus CHOLARGIAN , afid neareſt Kinſman to the Tyrant was the firſt, Sure, For-
rune is a very uncertain thing, and without conceit of reaſon. For had Nicias frankly put himſelf
to the hazard of this baniſhment againſt Alcibiades, one of theſe two things muſt needs have happened
to him : either to have remained in the City with Victory, his adverſary being baniſhed + or being con-
vie by his baniſhment, to have ſcaped thoſe extream mileries and calamities the which he afterwards
fell into, beſides the fame he ha4*won of a' wiſe Captain, though he had been overcome, I know
' notwithſtanding 'that Theophraſt,z writeth , how Zyperbolus nor Vicias was baniſhed through the
diſſention-that fell berwixt Pheax and Alcibiades : albeit moſt Writers agree with that I have told
you before. Now the Ambaffadours of the EGzsTans and LEOoNTINEsS being come to A-
THENS, to perſwade the ATHENIANS to Aattemupt the conguee of S1c1L1Aa, Nictas being
againſt ir, was oyercome by Alc:biades craft and ambition, For he, before they were called ro Coun-
cell,” had already through falſe ſurmizes filled rhe Peoples heads with a vain hope and perſwaſion of
conqueſt,” Inſotauch as the young mea meeting in places of exerciſe, and the old men alſo in Artifi-
cers Shops, and 4n their compaſſed Chairs , or half circles where they fate talking rogether , were
every. one occupied about drawing the Platform of $1c1L1A , telling the nature of the $1c1114 x
Sea ,: and reckoning up the Havens and places looking towards AFr1cx, For they made not
their accompt-thar '$1c 11x ſhould be the end of their Wars, but rather the Store-houſe and Ar-
moury for all their Munition and Martiall Proviſion to make War againſt the CarxTH a G1N1-
| ANS , andto conquer all Arr1cx , and conſequently all the Argicx Seas, even to Hercules
" Pillars. Now all their minds being bent to Wars , when 2 icias Tpake aÞainft it , he found very
few men of quality to ſtand by him, For the rich, tearing leſt the People would think they. did ut
. to avoid charge and the cot they ſhould be at about theſe Wars , they held their peace , though in-
Nicias choſen
Captain for
the Wars of *
Fictle,
deed not contented withall : yer would not Nicias leave ſtill to counſtll chem ro the contrary, But
when they had 'paſt the Decree in-Counſell for the Enterprize of $1ciLz , and that the People had
choſen him chief Captain, with Flcibiagdes and Lamachms , to follow the ſame : at the next Seſli-
on-of the Counſell holden in the City, Nzcias roſe up again, to fee if he could turn the People
from this Jotrney with all theProteſtations he could poſſibly make, burdening Alcibiades, that for
his :own ambition/and private commodities, he brought the Commonwealth into ſo far and dan-
a War. But all his words prevailed not. Himſelf before all others was thought the mee-
reſt man” for this Charge , partly , becauſe of his experience, but chiefly for that they knew he
would handle their matters with greater fafery j when his timorous foreſight ſhould be may _
< ; | Alcibiaaes
/
NICIAS.
Alcibiades valiantneſs, and with Lamachw ſoftneſs , which indeed moſt confirmed the EleRi on;
Now after. the matter thus debated ; Demoſtratxs one of the Oratours that moſt procured the A-
THENIANS to undertake this Enterprize, ſtepped forth , and ſaid : It were good that N ic:as left
off and ſer afide all theſe excuſes and devices , and preterred a Decree , That the People ſhould
throughly' authorize the Caprains that were choſen, ro ſet forward and execute what they thought
good , as well here as there, and fo perſwaded the People to paſs and authorize it. Yet it is (aid
that the Prieſts objected many- things to hinder the Journey. - But Alcibiades alſo having ſuborned
certain-Soorhſayers alledged 1n like caſe ſome ancient Oracles that ſaid the "ATHEN1ans ſhould
have great honour from S1C1LE : and further had enticed certain Pilgrims , who ſaid they were
but newly come from the Oracle of 7xpirer Ammon, and had brought this Oracle thence : That the
Athenians ſhould taks all the Syracufians. But wort of all , if any knew of contrary ſigns or tokens
ro come , they held their. peace , leſt it ſhould ſeem they intermedled to prognofticate evil for affe-
ions ſake,z ſeeing that the 1gns themſelves , which were moſt plain and notorious, could not re-
move them from the Enterprize of this Journey, As for exarmple, the hacking and cutting of the
Hermes and Images of ercxry , which in one night were all to be mangled, faving one Image onely
called rhe Hermes of Andocides , which was given and conſecrated in old time by the Tribe of the
A&GE1DEs, and was (et up directly over againſt a Citizens Houſe called Andocides. Furthermore,
the chance that happened by the Altar of the rwelve gods : where a man leaping ſuddenly upon it,
after he had gone round about ir, cut oft his Genitories with a ſtone. And in a Temple alſo in the
City of DEL enOs , where was alittle 1mage of A4:nerva of Gold, ſer upon a Palm-tree of Cop-
per, which the City of ATyEens had given of the Spoils won of the Mzpzs, Upon that
Palm-tree ſate cerrain Crows many daies together , and never left pecking .and jobbing at the
Fruit of it, which was all of Gold, untill they made the ſame to fall from the Tree, But the Ara z-
NIANS ſaid, that the DEL yH1aNns (whomthe SYRAcus1aNs had ſubdued) had finely feigned
this device. There was a Prophecy allo that commanded them to bring one of Minerva's Nuns
to ATHENS , that was in the City of CLazOMENES. $0 they ſent for this Nun called Heſy-
chia , which is, reſt : and it ſeemeth/it was that which the gods by this _— did counſell them
unto, thar for that time they ſhould be quiet. Afton the Aſtronomer having charge in the Army
leavied for the War of S1c11s , being afraid of this Prophecy, or otherwiſe mil lk ing the Cele-
ſtall Ggns and ſucceſs of the Journey, teigned himſelf mad , and fer his houſe on fire. Others ſay
he counterfeited not madneſs, bur did one night indeed ſet his houſe on fire, and that the next mor-
ning looking rufully on it , he went into the Market-place as a man brought to pitifull ſtate, to ſue to
the People, that in. conſideration of- his great misfortune hapned him , they would diſcharge his Son
of the Voyage, who wasto take charge of a Galley at his own coſt , and ready to make fail, More-
over, the familiar ſpirit of wiſe'Focrates, that did uſe to tel] him before what ſhould happen , told him
then , that this Journey would fall out to the deſtruftion of ATHENS. Socrates told it to certain
of his very familiar friends : and from them the rumour became common, And this alſo troubled a
number of them , for the.unlucky daies on the which they did imbarque. For they were the very days
on the which the. women celebrating the Feaſt and year-day of Adonzs death : and there were alſo in
divers parts of the Ciry, Images of dead men catried to buriall, and women following them, mourning
and lamenting, So that ſuch as did put any confidence in thoſe figns, faid they miſliked it much, and
that they were afraid left the ſame ſignified, thar all the goodly preparation ot this Army, ( the which
was (et out with ſuch pomp and bravery ) would come to nothing. Now tor Nias, that he ſpike
againſt this War in open Councell , whileſt they were deliberating upon it , and that he wasnort car-
ried away with any vain hope , nor puffed up with-the glory of ſo honourable a charge ro make him
change his mind : therein ſurely he ſhewed himſelf an honeſt man, wile and conſtant, But when he
ſaw plainly that he could by no perſwafions remove the People from the Enterprize of this War ,
neither yet by ſuit nor intreaty ger himſelf diſcharged from being a Caprain thereof , but thar they
would in any caſe make him one of the Heads of the Army : then was it out of time to be fearfull,
and till giving back , turning his head ſo oft like a child ro look upon his Galley behind him, and
ever to be telling that no reaſog- could be heard in -— of his Journey.” For indeed this was
enough ro diſcourage his companions, and to marre all at the firſt ſerting our : where, to ſay truly
he ſhould ſuddenly have ſet upon his Enemies, and have gone tot with a luſty courage , to have aſ-
ſayed Fortune. | But he took a clean contrary courſe. For when Zamachws thought good at their
firſt coming 'to go ſtraight tro SYR Aa cusa , and to give them Bartel] as near the Walls as might be ,
and that- Alcibjade,on the other fide was of opinion, firſt of all to go about ro win the Ciries that
were in league with the SYRACuS1ANS, and after that they had made them rebell , then to go againſt
the SYRAcuSIANs themſelves: Nicias to the contrary ſpake in Counſell, and thought ir better ro
go on fairand ſoftly , diſcrying the Coaſts of $1c1LE round abour, to view their Galleys and pre-
Signs to fear
the Athenians
not to attempr
the Enterpriie
of Sicile.
Statues man»
gled at Athens.
The madneſs
of Metonche
Aſtronomer.
Nicias fooliffr
2 fearfulneſs.
paration, and fo toreturn ſtraight to ATHENS again, leaving onely a few of their men with the Nicias coun:
EGESTANS, to help to defend them. But this from the beginning fnarvellouſly cooled the courage {ell for inva-
ſo
of the Souldiers, and quite diſcouraged them. Shortly after al
Alcibiages to anſwer to certain accuſations , 2\ ic34s remaining-Captain with Lamachus ( the other
Captain in ſight , bur Nicias ſelf in Power and Authority the Lieutenant Generall of all the Army )
ſtill uſed delays, running up and down, and ſpending time ſo long in conſultation , till the Souldiers
were left without both hope and courage : and the fear the Enemy had of them at their firſt coming,
to ſee ſo great-an Army , was now in manner clean gone, Yet eFlcibiades being inthe Army, _
e
e ATHENIANS having ſent for —_— SyT4e
cuſfpans.
N ICIAS.
he was ſent for from ATHENS , they went with threeſcore Galleys to SYRacus a, of the which th
placed fifty in Battell ray out of the Haven , and ſent the other ten into the Haven to diſcover ; which
approaching near the City, cauſed an Herauld to make open Proclamation , that they were come thi-
ther to reſtore the Lz0NTINES to their Lands and Poſſeſſions , and took a Ship of the enemies,
in the which among other things they found Tables , wherein were written the names of all the Inha-
bitatits of SYKAacusa , according to their Tribes and houſes. Theſe Tables were kept far from the
City , in the Templeof - pr Olympian , but at that time they had ſent for them to know the num-
ber of men of ſervice , and of age to bear Weapon, The ſame Tables being taken by the Aras-
NIANS , and carried to the Generals of the Army : the Soothſayers ſeeing this long roll of names,
at the firſt milliked it , ring leſt the Prophecy had been fulfilled , which promiſed them, that the
ATHENIANS one day ſhould take all the Sygacus1ans. Howbeit it is reported this Prophecy
came to paſs in another Exploit , when Callippms ATHENIAN having ſlain Dior , won all the
City of SYRACUSA. Now when Alcibiades was gone from the Camp, Njyc1as bare all the ſway,
Lemachus vali» and commanded the whole Army. For Lamachws , though otherwiſe he wasa ſtout man , an honeſt
anr,but file. ,nan, and very valiant of his hands , and one that would not ſpare himſelf in time of need : never-
theleſs he was ſo poor and miſerable , that even when he was in ſtate of a Generall ; and gave up an
account of his expences, he would not ſtick to put into his Books, ſo much for a Gown , and ſo
much for a pair of Pantophles. Where Nicias authority and reputation contrariwiſe was of ano-
ther manner of cut, as well for other reſpeQs, as for his riches , and for the honour of many noble
things which he had done before. As one namely which they tell of him, that on a time being a Cap-
tain with others, and fitting in-Councell with his companions-in the Councell-houſe at Atazns
about the diſpatch of certain Cauſes he ſpake unto Soptocles the Poet, then preſent among them, and
bad him ſpeak firſt and ſay his opinion, being the oldeſt man of all the whole company. Fophocles
anſwered him again : Indeed I confeſs I am the oldeſt man, but thou art the nobleſt man, and him
who every than regardeth beft. So having ar that time Zamachws under him, a better Captain and
man'of War then himſelf was, yet by being ſo flow to imploy the Army under his charge, by de-
ferring of time ſtill, and hovering about SIC1LE as far from his Eenemies as he could : he firſt
gave the Enemies time and leiſure to be. bold without fear of him, And then going to befiege Hy »-
LA , being but a pelting little Town , and raiſing the Siege without taking of it : he fell into ſo great
a coritempt with every man , that from thenceforth no man almoſt made any more reckoning ot him,
Ar laſt , he retired to Ca T ANA with his Army, without any other exploit done, ſaving that he took
Hy CCARA, a baggage Village of the barbarous People, and where it is ſaid Law" the Curtizan was
born, , and that being then a young Girle, ſhe was ſold among other Priſoners, and afterwards car-
wC ried into-PELOPONNESUS. And in fine , the Summer being far ſpent, Nicias was informed that the
--—-*><-r3"þ SYRACUSIANS had taken ſuch courage to them, that they would come and enterpriſe the Charge
our of Sicile Upon them firft ; and that their Horſemen were approached already before his Camp, to skirmiſh
Into Peloponne- with them , asking the ATHENIANS in mockery, if they were come into S1c1Lz to dwell with
ſus, the Ca TANIANS , or to reſtore the LEoNTINEs to their Lands again, Hereupon with much
ado, Nicias determined ro goto SYRACUSA , and becauſe he would camp there in ſafety, and at
bs eaſe without hazard ;: he ſent one of CaTAna before to SYRacusa, to tell them ( asif he had
7 a been a Spie ) that if oy would ſuddenly come and ſet upon the Camp of the ATHtenians and
ge” rakeall their Carriage , he wiſheth them to come with all their Power to CATANA at a certain day
which he would appoint them. For the ATHENIans (ſaid be ) for the moſt part are within the
City , wherein thereare certain Citizens, which favouring the Sy Rr acus1A Ns, have determined ſo
ſoon as they hear of their coming , to keep the Gates of, the City , and at the ſame time alſo to ſer
the ATHENIANS Ships on fire : and how there were alſo a great number in the City of this Con-
federacy , that did but look every hour for their coming, - And this was the nobleſt Stratagem of
War, that Nicias ſhewed all the time he was in $1c11.z. For by this device he made the Sy x4a-
CUSIANS COme into the Field with all their Power , ſo that they left their City without Guard : and
' ..__ _ he himſelfdeparting in the mean time from CaTana with all his Fleet, won the Haven of Sy r4a-
wir ml CUSA at his eaſe, and choſe out a place to camp in, where his Enemies could not hurt him : in
— wn war? the which he was both the ſtronger, and might without lett or difficulty-ſet upon them with that where.
- * in he moſt truſted, The Syracus1ans returning ſtraight from Carana, andoffering him Bat-
tell hard by the Walls of Sykacus a, be came out into the Feild , and overthrew them. There
were not many of the SyRAcus1aNns lain at this Battel, becauſe their Horſemen did hinder the
chaſe-; but A zc5as breaking up the Bridges upon the River, gave Hermocrates occaſion to mock him.
For comforting and encouraging the SYRAcusI1ANs , he told them 2 jcias deſerved to be laughed
at , becauſe he did what he could that he might not fight , as if he had not purpoſely come from A-
THENS tO SYRACUSA to fight. This Ng Ms. + he made the SYRACuSIANS quake for
fear : for where they had then fifreen Captains, they choſe out three onely , ro whiom the People
were ſworn, that they would ſuffer them to have full Power and Authority to command and take or-
Nicias forbea- der for all things. The Temple of Jupiter Olympian was hard by the ATHEnians Camp, which
rerh to ſpoil rhey would gladly have taken, for that it was full of rich Jewels and Offerings of Gold and Silver,given
the Temple of 11:0 the Temple aforetime, But A 5c5as of purpoſe ſtill drave off time, and delayed ſa long , till che
JR SYRACUSIANS. at laſt ſent a good Garriſon thither to keep it ſafe ; thinking with himſelt , that if
his Souldiers came to take and ſpoil the Temple, his Countrey ſhould be _— the richer by it,
and himſelf beſides could bear all the blame of Sacriledge. . So, having obtained victery _
profit
-" o
4
4
Ca Nd C1XS. ' 459
ran: fight through-Src1tz) within few days after he returned unto the Ciry
of Na xo0s, where the Witter, conſuming a wonderfull maſs of ViRtualls with ſo great an
'Army, for the doing of things: of [mall moment ,-upon certain StC1L1ANS that yeelded to him,
The SYRACUSIANS in the meantime being in heartagain and couragious, returned to CaTAna
where they ſpoyled and over-ran all the Countrey., and burnt the. Camp of the Aras x1 ANY,
Wherefore every man blamed" Nxcias much , becaule through his long delay and protraQing of time
to make all things ſure, he let flip ſundry: occaſions of notable Exploits, wherein good lervice might
have been done. Yet when he would do a thing indeed , he did it ſo thorowly as no man could rake
exception at his doings , forthar'he brought it to ſo good a paſs : and once taking it in hand , he did
execute it with all ſpeed , though he was both flow to determine and a Coward to enterpriſe, Now Nicizs befie-
when he removed bis Army to return to SYRACUSA , he brought it ſo orderly, and alſo with ſuch ged Syracuſa,
ſpeed and ſafery , that he was come by Sea to T4 ysus , had landed and raken the Fort of E-
pipolis , before the SY RAcus1aNs had any intelligence of ir, or could poſlibly help it. For the
choice men of the-SY RA cuSIANS being ſet out againſt him , hoping to have ſtopped his paſſage, he
overthrew them , took three hundred Priſoners, and made their Horſemen flie, which before were
thought invincible, But that which made the SYR A cuSIANS moſt afraid , and ſeemed moſt wonder-
full alſo ro the other GrEc1aNs, was this, that in a very ſhort ſpace he had almoſt environed
SYRACUSA with a Wall , which was as much in compaſs abour , as the Walls of ATyzxs , and Nicizs Wall at
worle to perform, by reaſon of the woody Countrey , and for the Sea alſo that beateth upon the the Siege of
Walls, beſides that there were divers Marithes hard by it : and yer ( fick-as he was of the Stone) he Syr4cuſa,
had almoſt finiſhed it, And ſure good reaſon it is that we attribute the fault of the not: finiſhing of it
unto his ſickneſs. For mine own part I wonder marvelloully both of the care and diligence of the
Captain , and of the valiantneſs and dexterity of the Souldiers, which appeareth by the notable fears
they did. - For Eurypides after their overthrow and utter ruine, madea Funerall Epitaph in Verſe,
ſaid thus ;
| Eight times our men did put the men of Syracule to flight,
So long 4s with sndifferency the god; aid uſe their might.
But we find it written , that the SYRA cus1ANs were not onely- eight times, but many times more
overthrown, by them: a time at length there was indeed , that both-the gods and Fortune fought
againſt them, even when the ATHENIANS Were of greateſt power. Now Nicias-in his own per-
ſon was ever inthe greateſt and moſt weighty affairs, ftriving with his fick body, Howbeit one day
when his diſeaſe grew ſore upon him , he was compelled to be lodged-in his Camp with a few of his
men ; and Lamachus in the mean time-alone having charge of the whole Army, fought with the
SYRACUSIANS, Who then had brought a Wall from che City, unto the Wall with the which the
ATHENIANS had purpoſed to have-ſhur-them in, 'to keep tha they ſhould not compaſs it round,
And becauſe the ATHENIANS. commonly were the ſtronger in theſe Skirmiſhes, they many times
over-raſhly followed the chaſe of. their Enemies that fled" : as it chanced one day that Lamachu went
lo far, that he was left alone to- encounter a Company of Horſemen of the: Ciry , before whom Cal-
licrates marched foremoſt, a valiant man of his hands, who challenged Zamachs hand to hand. © La-
mach abode him, and in the Confli&t was firſt hurt: but he gave Callicyares alſo ſuch a wound there-
withall , that they both fell down dead- preſently inthe place. At that time the SYRAcus1a ns The dearh of
being the ſtronger: ſide , took up hisbody , and carried it away with «lem : but they ſpurred our for Lan_
life ro the ATHBnNians Camp, where Niciaslay fick , without {any Guard or ſuccour at all : ;
nevertheleſs Nicias roſe with ſpeed our of his bed ,: and perceiving the danger he was in, comman-
ded. certain of his. friends to. ſer: the: wood on fire which they had broughr within the Trenches of
the Camp, to make certain devices for battery , andthe Engines of- Timber alſo that were-already
made... /Thaz device: onely ſtayed the'Sy Ra cus1 as; faved Nicias, andthe ſtrength ofrcheir Camp,
together; with allcthe Silver and Carriage of the ATHENTANS. For the 'SYR a cus3ANs pexcei-
vingafar off, betwixt them and the'ftrength of their Camp , ſuch a great flame as roſe up-in the air ,
upon the ſight of it turned{ tail ſtraight, and made towards their City.-- Ara, AE thus; V\'s- Nicias ſole
ciac; being left ſole Captain of the Army without any Companion , in 'prear- hope notwithſtanding to Caprain of
do ſorme-good-; diveryi Cities'of. $1c1LE yeelded- unto-him , - Ships ' fraught with Corn came = whole Ar-
out of; every quarter to his Camp; : andi many ſubmitted themſelves;7for the good ſucceſs he had 4
in. all his:doings, Furthermore the- SY&xcus14 ws alſo ſent. to+parle- with him of Peace, being
our.,of bope-thar they -were able to defend their City any longer againſt him. * Gylipps alſo'a |
Captain.of- the -Lac :£DanoNnra 8s coming! 'toaid the 'SyRACYSTANS , underſtanding Cy L-
by the way how the Gry.ot Sy RAcus x. was ſhut in witha Wall-rountd about, and in great diſtreſs: aiderh the &
held on: bis Voyage. notwithſtanding |, 'not- with any'hope .z0 defend -SEC11.8 ( ſuppoſing the A- racuſcans, ”
T-HEN LA NS. had wan: the whole Coumtey ): bur:with»itirenc \nievertheleſs to help the Cities of |
IZALY', if he could! poſlibly, For it'was:2 common rumour abroad , thar-the ATHeN1aNns had
won all, and that-their Caprain/for. his wiſdom and gyod formne! was mvincible, 1Vicias bim-
ſelf now contrary: 10-his wonted wiſdom and forefighe;; /aruſting\@irogether ro the good ſucceſs
which. he-ſaw toifollow;/him ,;* bur {pecially- believing the" reporrgichar:were.rold bim of Sy RA-
cus a ,;.aþd. the news thar were brought! tim-thence: by ome” of:themlelves which 'came ſecrer-
ly unto him, perſwading- himſelf that within few days'berftionld chave'SyrAcusa by compo-
ſition; took no care «ti withſtand '@ylippas: coming : thirhex”, - neirhitv-ſenr any man- to keep him
from; landing in S1c1LE7By which, negligence Gylippics Tanded ind: Patfenger , _ —_
nowledge ;
__ M#
” x
- y "
”* "F , .
. » Fl he 4
—_
-+ ». & ”
= . "Aha : 5 7
- knowledge : ſo ſmall reckoning they made of him , and ſo muctighey did. fondly dep,
Pr6s Noted far h_— SYRACUSA, began ro . garhbr ne WA 0 r, befc
SYRACUSIANS themſelyes knew of his landing, or looked for his coming : as they had
already appointed the afſembly of a Councell to determine the Articles and Capitulations of Peace g
which they ſhould conclude upon with N5cias. Moreover , there were ſome that perſwaded they
ſhould do well to make haſteto conclude the Peace, before the incloſure of Nicias Wall was alroge-
ther finiſhed, which then lacked not much to perform, having all the ftufte for the purpoſe brought
even ready to the place, But as theſe things were even thus a doing , arrived one Gong ylus at Sy-
RACUSA , that came from CORINTH with a Galley, At whole landing, the People upon the
Peer flocking about him, to hear what news : he cold them that Gylippus would be there before it
were long , and that there came certain other Galleys after to their aid, The SyrRacus1aws would
hardly believe bim, untill there came another Meſſenger alſo ſent from Gylippus ſelf of purpoſe
that willed then to arm , and come to him into the Field, Thereupon the Sy ra cus1a ns being
maryellouſly revived went all ſtraight and armed themſelves, And Gylippus was no ſooner come into
the
gcuſa SYRACUSA , w—_ put his men in Bartel] ray, to ſer upon the Aryenians. Nicias
ct
for his part had likewiſe alſo ſet the ATHEN1Aans into order of Battell, and ready to fight, When
both the Armies were now. approached near to each other, Gylippus threw down his Weapons
and ſent a Herauld unto Nicias to promiſe them life and age to depart ſafely out of $1c11»
But Nicias would make the Herauld none anſwer to that Meflage. Howbeit there were certain of
his Souldiers that in mockery asked the Herauld , if for the coming of a poor Cape and Wand of
LACEDEMON, the SYRACUSIANS thought themſelves ſtrengthened ſo much , that they ſhould de-
ſpiſe the ATHENIANS, which not long before kept three hundred LaczDzmOnians Priſon-
ers in Irons , far tronger and more hair on their heads then Gylippus had , and had alſo ſent them
home to their Citizens at LaCEDAMON, And Timexs writeth alſo, that the S1c111ams them.
regarding wo 4 Gybppw , neither then, nor at any time after, After , becauſe they ſaw
his extream covet and miſery ; and then, for that he came ſo nearly apparelled, with a
thread-bare Cape, and a long buſh of hair, which made them ſcorn him, Yer in another place
he ſaith , that ſo ſoon as Gylsppys arrived in SICILE , many came to him out of every quarter. with
very good will, like Birds wondering at an Owl, This ſecond report ſeemeth truer then the firſt :
for they ſwarmed about him, becauſe in his Cape and Wand they ſaw the tokens of the Majeſty of
the City and Seigniory of SPART a. Thucydides alſo faith , that it was Gylippm onely that did all
there, And-much like doth . Philiftws ſelf a SYRA cus1an confeſs, who was preſent then in per-
ſon, and faw all things that were done. Notwithſtanding at the firſt Battell the Aras xians had
the upper hand , and flew a number of the SYxkAcus1ans, the which Gongylus the Corn.
THIAN was one. But the next morning following , Gyl;ppus made them know the kill and experi-
ence of a wiſe Captain. For with the ſelf-ſame Weapons, with the ſame Men, with the ſame Horſes,
and in the ſame places, changing onely the order- of his Battell , he overthrew the Araznians ;
and ( fighting with them till ) baving driventhem even into their Camp, he ſetthe Syracusrans
" a work > bold up a Wall overthwart ( with.the very ſelf-ſame ſtones and ſtuffe, which the Aru.
NIANS had brought and laid there for the finiſhing of their Incloſure ) to cut off the other, and to
keep it from going forward, that it joyned not together. So, all that the ATHEN1aws had done
before untill that preſent , was utterly to no purpoſe. Things ſtanding in theſe terms, the Syn4-
CUSIANS being couragious again , began to arm Galleys , running up and.down the Fields with
their Horſemen and Slaves, took many Priſoners. Gylippas on the other fide 3 went in perſon to and
fro throughthe Cities of $1c1LE, pdeing tad exhorting the Inhabirants in ſuch ſort , that they
all willingly obeyed him , and took Arms by. his procurement. Nzczas ſeeing things thus fall out,
fell to his old trade again; and confidering the change of his ſtate and former. tuck , his heart
inning to faint, LORIN ATHENIANS to ſend another Army into $1ciLs, or ra-
ther to call that home which he bad there, but in any caſe to give'him leave to return, and to diſcharge
him of his Office , for cauſe of his fickneſs, The ATHz w14 xs were indifferent before he wrote, to
ſend aid thither : howbeit the envy the Nobility bare unto 2\ 5c5.45 fortune, did ever cauſe ſome
delay that they ſent not. untill then, ;and then they determined to fend with ſpeed. Se Demoſthenes
was named to be ſent away- immediately after-Winters, with a grear Navy, In the middeft of Winter
Emrymedon went to I ic446, and carried him both Money and News, that the People had choſen ſome
of them for his Companions ip the Charge , which were already in ſervice with him, to wit, Euthy-
demus and Menander. Now 'N;ci45 in the mean time being ſv aſſailed by his Enemies both by
Sea and Land , though at che firſt he had fewer Galleys in number then they, yer he budged divers of
theirs , and ſunk them. Bur by Land again ,'he could not aid his men in time , becauſe Gylsppas ar
the firſt onſet had taken a Fore of: his called ion., within the which lay the Store and Tackle
for many Galleys, and a great maſsof xeady Money, which was wholly loſt. Beſides, in the fame
Confli& alſo were many men flain,and many:taken Priſoners. | Yet further, the greateft matter of
weight was, that thereby he tookfrom I\5cs.ar the great commodity he had to bring his Vietuals ſafely
by Sea to his Camp. | For whilethe AT uz 1a xs keptithis Fort, they might at their pleaſure bring
ViRuals without danger to their Camp, -being covered with the ſame : but when they had loft it,
then it was hard for them ſo to do, becauſe they were ever driven to fight with the Enemies that lay at
Anker before the Fort..| Furthermore, the $Yx a cus1am's did not think that their Army by Seca
was. overthrown , becauſe theit Enemies were the ſtronger , but for that their men had followed
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= were deſirous once again to venture, in better ſort
[no means would be bronght to fight again : ſaying, that it
el Much 2 grea Navy and a new ſupply as Demoſthenes was coming withall,
ihlyes fight” with'a fewer number of 'Ships then they, and but poorly furniſhed. But contrarily,
«Menander and Euthydemu newly promoted to the ſtate of Captains with Nicias, being pricked
forwards with ambition againſt the two other Captains. I ic14s and Demoſthenes that was then co-
ming) deſired to prevent Demoſthenes, in performing ſome notable ſervice before his arrivall, and
thereby alſo to excell Nicias doings: Howbeit the cloak they had to cover their ambition withall,
was the honour and reputation of the City of ATHENs, the which (ſaid they) were ſhamed and
diſhonoured for ever, if they now ſhould ſhew themſelves afraid of the Sy x a cus1a ns, who provo-
ked them ro fight. Thus brought they Nic5as againſt his will to Battle, in the which the AT#s x1-
ANS Were (lain and overcome, by the good counſell of a Cox1NTHIAN Pilotcalled Ariſton, For
the left Wing of their Battle (as Thucydides writeth) was clearly overthrown, and they loſt a great
number of their men. Whereupon Nicias was wonderfully perplexed, qgnlidering on the one fide
that he had taken marvellous pains, whilſt he was ſole Captain of the whole Army : and on the
other ſide, for that he had committed a foul fault, when they had given him companions, But as N;-
cias Was in this great deſpair, they deſcried Demoſthenes upon a Peere of the Haven, with his Fleet
bravely ſer out and furniſhed, to terrifte the enemies. For he had threeſcore and thirteen Galleys,
and in them he brought five thouſand Footmen well armed and appointed, and of Darters, Bow-men,
and Hurlers with Slings, about three thouſand, and the Galleys trimmed and ſet forth with goodly Ar-
mours, numbers of Enſigns, and with a world of Trumpers, Hoboys, and ſuch Marine Muſick,
and all ſer out in this triumphant ſhew, to fear the Enemies the more, Now though the Sy r acu-
SIANS themſclves were again ina peck of troubles, perceiving they trove againſt the ſtream, and
conſumed themſelves to nd purpoſe, when by that they ſaw there ' was no likelihood to be delivered
from their troubles. And Nicias alſo rejoyced, that ſo great aid was come: but his joy held nor long,
for ſo ſoon as he began to talk with Demoſthenes of the ſtate of things, he found him bent forthwith
to ſer upon the SYRAcus1A Ns, and to hazard all with ſpeed, that they might quickly take Sy ra-
cus 4, and ſo diſpatch away home again. Nicias thought this more haſte then good ſpeed, and
feared much this fool-hardineſs, Whereupon he prayed him to attempt nothing raſhly nor deſpe-
rately : and perſwaded him that it was their beſt way to prolong the War againſt the Enemies, who
were without Money, and therefore would ſoon be forſaken ,of their Confederates, And beſides, if
they came once to be pinched for lack of Victuals, that they would then quickly ſeek to him for
Peace, as they bad done afomatime. For therewere many within Sy RAcus a that were Nicias friends,
who wiſhed him to abide time : for they were weary ot War, and waxed angry alſo wich Gylippus.
So that if they were but ſtraightned a little more with want of Victuals, they would yield ſtraight. N;-
c3as delivering theſe eikwalans ſomewhat darkly, and keeping ſomewhat alſo from utterance, becauſe
he would not ſpeak them openly, made his Colleagues think he ſpake it for cowardlineſs, and that
he returned again to his former pry a ro keep all in ſecuriry, by which manner of proceeding he
had from the beginning killed the hearts of his Army, for that he had not at his firſt coming ſer up-
on the Enemies, but had protracted time ſo long, till the courage of his Souldiers was cold and done,
and himſelf alſo brought into contempt with his Enemies. Whereupon the other Captains (his Col-
leagues and Companions with him, in the Charge) Euthydemwus and Menander, ſtuck ro Demoſthe-
nes opinion : whereunto Nicias was alſo forced againſt his will to yield. So Demoſthenes the ſelf-
ſame night taking the Footmen, went to afſault the Fort of Ey1yoLs : where, betore his Enemies
heard any thing of his coming, he ſlew many of them, and made the reſt fly that offered reſiſtance.
But not content with this Vittory, he went farther, cill he fell upon the BotoT 1a xs. They ga-
thering themſelves together, were the firſt that reſiſted the ArHzx1ANs, baſing their Pikes with
ſuch fury and loud cries, that they cauſed the former to retire, and made all the rett of the Afailants
afraid and amazed, For the foremoſt flying back, came full upon their Companions , who takin
them for their Enemies, and their flight for a charge, reſiſted them with all their force, and ſo mit-
taking one another, both were wounded and ſlain, and the hurt they meant unto their Enemies,
did unfortunately light upon their own fellows, For this multitude meeting thus confuſedly roge-
ther, what through their fear, and what for that they could not diſcern one another in the
night, the which was neither ſo dark that they could not fee at all, nor yet ſo clear, as they might
certainly judge by ſight what they were that met chem : (for then the Moon declined apace, and the
ſmall light it gave was diffuſed with the number of men that ran to and fro) the fear: they had of
the Enemy, made them miſtruſt their Friends. All theſe troubles and diſadvantages had the A T 4 -
NIANS, and beſide the Moen on their backs, which cauſing the ſhadow to fall forward, did hide
their number, and gliſtering of Armour : and contrarily, the Enemies Targets glaring in their eyes
by the refletion of the Moon that ſhone upon them, increaſed their fear, and made them ſeem
a greater number, and better appointed then they were indeed, - At laſt, the Enemics giving a
luſty Charge upon them on every fide, after they once began to give back, and turn cail, ſome
were ſlain by their Enemies , others by their own Company , others alſo-brake their necks
falling from the Rocks, The reſt that were diſperſed abroad inthe- Fields, were the next morning
every man of them put to the Sword by the Horſemen, -So the account made, two thouſand A-
THENIANS were (lain, and very few of them eſcaped by flight, that bronght their Armours back
again, V/herefore N scias that alwaics miſtruſted it would thus come to pals, was marvelloufly
offended
461
— ——— OOO — — — ——
Demoſthenes 2+
riv3! at $yr4-
cuſa,
Demoſthenes
raſhneſs,
Nicias counſel
unto Demoſthe-
nes.
Demoſthenes: |
raſhneſs. o
The ſlaughter
of the Athenti-
ans at Syracuſ4.
i —_— at.
The courage
of Leo Biran-
vine.
The Eclipſe of and ſuddenly t |
rance and ſuperſtition'quaked at ſuch fights. For , touching the Eclipſe and darkneſs of the Sun ,
the Moon.
——
offended with Demoſthenes, and condemned his raſhnels
thought it beſt ro imbark in the morning berumes , and T0 WW RONETaL
muſt look fox no new aid from ATHENS , neither are we ftrong"enaou Ar
come our Enemies : and though we were, yet muſt we of neceſlity avdit theplicewe are in; becauſe
( as it is reported ) it is alwales unwholſome for an Army to camp in , and then ſpecially moft conta-
ious , by reaſon of the Autumn and ſeaſon of the year, as they might plainly ſee by experience.
For many of their People were already ſick, and all of them in manner kad no mind to tarry. N:-
ciar in no caſe liked the motion of departing thence, becauſe he feared not the SYyracus1ans, but
rather the ATHENIANS, for their accuſations and condemnation, And therefore in open Coun-
cell he ro{d them , that as yet he ſaw no ſuch danger to remain : and though there were , yer that he
had rather die of his Enemies hands , then be pur to death by his own Countreymen. Being therein
of a contrary mind to Leo BIZANTINE , who after that, ſaid to his Citizens : I had rather ſuffer
death by you , then to be ſlain with you. And furthermore, as for removing their Camp to ſome
other place , they ſhoulddhave leiſure enough to determine of thar matter as they thought good,
Now when Nic:as had delivered this opinion in Councell, Demoſthenes having had ill luck at his firſt
coming , durſt not _ it. And the reſidue alſo ſuppoſing that N:c:as ſtuck not ſo bard againſt
their departure , but that he relied upon the truſt and confidence he had of ſome within the Ciry,
they all agreed ro Nicias. But when news came that there was a new ſupply come unto the
SYRACUSIANS , and that they ſaw the Plague increaſed more and more in their Camp : then Ni-
cias ſelf thought it beſt to depart thence, and gave notice to the Souldiers to prepare themſelves to
ſhip away. Notwithſtanding , when they bad pur all things in readineſs for their departure ,
without any knowledge of the Enemy, or ſuſpition thereof : the Moon began to eclipſe in the night,
o loſe her light, to the great fear of Nzcas and divers others, who through igno-
which is ever at any conjunCtion of the Moon, every common perſon then knew the. cauſe to be
| The Eclipſe of the darkneſs of the body of the Moon betwixt the Sun and our fight, Bur the Eclipſe of the
the Moon not Moon it ſelf, to know what doth darken it in that ſort , and how being at the full it doth ſuddenly
known of
long time.
Anaxagoras
the firſt char
wrote of the
Eclipſe of the
Moon,
loſe her light , and change into ſo many kind of colours ; that was above their knowledge , and
- therefore they —_— it very ſtrange , perſwading themſelves that it was a fign of ſome great miſ-
s di
chiefs the god threaten unto men. For Arnaxagoras , the firſt that ever determined and de- .
livered any thing for certain and affured , concerning the light and darkneſs of the Moon, his
Doctrine was not then of any long continuance , neither had it the credit of antiquity , nor was
ally known but onely to a few , who durſt not talk of it, but with fear, even to them the
truſted beſt. And the reaſon was, for that the People could not at that time abide them that profel-
" ſedthe knowledge of naturall Philoſophy , and inquired of the cauſes of things : for them they cal-
The Athenians
do perſecure
the Philoſo-
phers.
Focrates put to
death for Phi-
loſophy,
Dion very skil-
full in naturall
Cauſes,
Nicias igno-
rant of natu-
xall Cauſes.
led then Men=ea@c , as much to {ay , as curious inquirers and tatlers of things above the reach of
reaſon, done in Heaven and in the Air. Becauſe the People thought they aſcribed that which was
done by the gods onely , unto certain naturall and neceſſary Cauſes that work their Effects not by
Providence nor Will , but by Force and neceſſary Conſequences, For theſe cauſes was Protagoras
baniſhed from ATHzNs, and Anaxagoras putin Priſon : from whence Pericles had much adoto
procure hisdelivery. And Socrates allo , though' he did not meddle with that part of Philoſophy,
was notwithſtanding put to death for the ſuſpition thereof. In fine, the DoGtrine of Plato being
received and liked , as well tor his vertwous life, as alſo for that he ſubmitred, che neceſſity of Natu-
' rall Cauſes unto the controllment and diſpoſition of Divine Power, as.unto a: more excellent 'and
ſupream Cauſe ';-rook away all-the il] opinion which the People had of ſuch Diſputations , and gave
open paſſage and free entry unto the Mathemaricall Sciences, And” therefore Dio, one of Plato's
Scholars and Friends, an Eclipſe of the Moon chancing even at the very ſame time that he was
weighing up! his' Ankers to. fail from ZazYNTHE, to make War with the Tyrant Dionyſirs -
being nothing afraid nor troubled therewithall, made ſail notwithſtanding ,-and when he came to
SYRACUSA, drave out the Tyrant. But then it fell out untortunately for Nci4, who had no ex-
pert nor skilfull Soorhſayers : for the party which he was wont to uſe for that purpole , and which
took away. much of his Superſtition , called S:ilbides , was dead not long before, For this Sign of
the Ecliple of the Moon ( Philochorws faith ) was not hurtfull for mgn that would flie , but contra-
rily very good : for , ſaid he, things that mendo in fear, would be hidden, and therefore light is an
enemy unto-them, But this notwithftanding , «their cuftoin was not to keep.themſelves cloſe above
three daies in fuch Eclipſes of the Moon and Sun , as -Antoclides ſelf preſcribeth in a Book he made
of ſuch matters : where Ncias bare them then in hand , tharthey ſhould tarry the whole and full re-
volution ofthe courſe:of the'Moon , as though he had not ſeen her ſtraight clear. again, after ſhe
had once paſſed the ſhadow and darkneſs of the Earth. Bur all- other things laid afide and forgotten,
Nicias diſpoſed hitnſelf to ſacrifice unto the gods : untill ſuch time as the Enemies came again as well
ro beliege their Forts ; and all their Camp by Land, as alſo ro occupy the whole Hayen by Sea, For
th not onely put men aboard into their Galleys able to wear Armour, but moreover young
Boys into Fiſher-boats and'orhex light Barques , with the which they came to the ATyENIAns,
and ſhamefully reviled them, to- procure them to fight ; among the which there was one of a noble
Houſe, called: Heraclides; whoſe Boat being forwarder then bis Companions, was in danger of taking
by a Galley of the ATHENIANS, tharrowed againft him, Polichw his Uncle being afraid of it, lan-
ched forward with ten. Galleys of SYRacusa for his reſcue, of the which: himſelf was _
bats 40
FNICIAS.
I.
I — —— —_ — -
— —
463
h& othe Galleys doubting.alſo. leaſt , Polichs ſhould take burt, came on likewiſe amain : {9
that. there fell out a great Battle by Sea, which the SYxacustans wan, and ſlew Eurymedon
the Captain, and many other. This made the Souldiers of the ATHEN1ans o afraid, that they
began to cry our, it was no longer tarrying there, and that chere was none other way but to de-
part thence by Land. For after the SYRacus 14a Ns had won that Battle, they had Rraight ſhur up
the Havens mouth. Nicias could not conſent to ſuch a retire : for, ſaid he, it would beto0 great
a ſhame for them to leave their Galleys and other Ships to the Enemy, conlidering the number nox
to be much leſs then rwo hundred : but he thought good rather to arm a hundred and ten Galleys
with the beſt and valianteſt of their Foortmen, and Darters, that were in the Army, becauſe the 0
ther Galleys had ſpent their Oars. And for the reſt of the Army, 2 jc5as forſaking their great
Camp and Walls (which reacherh as far as the Temple of Hercules) did ler them in Battle ray up-
on the peer of the Haven, Inſomuch as the SyRacus1ans which untill that day could not per-
form their wonted Sacrifices unto Hercules, did then ſend their Priefts and Captains thither to do
them. The Souldiers being imbarked into the Galleys, the Prieſts and Soothſayers came and told
the SYRACUSIANS, that undoubtedly the ſigns of the Sacrifices did promiſe them a noble Victory,
ſo that they gave no charge, but onely ſtood upon their defence : for ſodid Hercules ever overcome,
defending when he was aſſailed, With this good hope the Syr a cusraxs rowed forward, and
there was ſuch a hot and cruel Battle by Sea, as had not been in all this War before : the which
was as dreadfull to them that ſtood on the Shore to behold it, as it was mortal unto them thar fought
it, ſeeing the whole conflit , and whart alteration fell out beyond all expe&ation. For the A-
THENIANS did as much hurt themſelves by the order they kept in their fight, and by the ranks
of their Ships, as they were hurt by their Enemies. For they had placed all their great Ships to-
her, fighting with the heavy againſt the Enemies that were light and ſwift, which came on-on every
fe of them, hurling ſtones at them, which were made fharp ro wound how ever they lighted :
whereas the ATHENIANS onely caſting their Darts, and uſing their Bowes and Slings, by means
of their rowing up and down, could not lightly aim to hit wich the head, That manner of fight
eAriſtoa CORINTHIAN ( an excellent Ship-maſter ) had taught the SYRacus1axs, who was
himſelf {lain valiantly fighting, when they were, Conquerors. The ATHENIANS thereupon be-
ing driven to fight, having ſuſtained a marvellous (laughter and overthrow, (their way to fly by Sea
being alſo clearly taken from them) and perceiving moreover that they could hardly fave hemithves
by Land : were then ſo diſcouraged, as they made no longer reſiſtance, when their Enemies came
hard by them and carried away their Ships before their faces. Neither did they ask leave to take up
their dead mens Bodies to bury them, taking more pity to forſake their diſeaſed and ſore wounded
Companions, then to bury them that were already flaia, When they conſidered all theſe things
they thought their own ſtate more miſerable then theirs, which were to end their lives with much
more pers. cy then was their miſery preſent, So they being determined to depart thence in the nighr,
Gylippus perceiving the SYRAcus14Nns through all the City diſpoſed themſelves to Sacrifice to the
gods, and to be merry, as well for the joy of their Victory, as alſo for Hercules Feaſt, thoughr
it -bootleſs to perſwade them, and much leſs ro compel them to take Arms upon a ſudden, to ſet
upon their Enemies that were departing, Howbeit Hermocrates deviſing with himſelf how to de-
ceive 2\ jc+4s, ſent ſome of his friends unto him with inſtruftions, to tell him that they came from
ſuch as were wont to ſend him ſecret intelligence of all things during this War : and willed him to
take heed not to depart that night, leaſt be Fl into the ambuſhes which the Syr a cus1a Ns had
laid for him, having ſent before to take all the ſtraights and paſſages, by the which he ſhould paſs.
icias being over-reached by Hermocrates craft and ſubrilty, ſtayed there that night, as though
he had been afraid to fall within the _ of his Enemies ambuſh. Thereupon the SyRAcusrtaNns
the next ing by peep of day, hoiſed fail, got the ſtraights of Nici4 paſſage, Ropped the Ri-
vers brake up'the Bridges, and then caft their Horſemen in a Squadron in the next plain
Fields adjoyning, ſo that the Ariz N1ians had no way left to eſcape and paſs by them withour
fighting. At laſt notwidſtanding, having ſtayed all that day and the next night following, they pur
themſelves in Jouney, and departed with great cries and lamentations, as it they had gone from their
natural Countrey, and not out of their Enemies Land, as well for the great diſtreſs and neceſliry
wherein chey were (lacking all things needfull to ſuſtain life,) as alſo for the extream ſorrow they
felr, to leave their ſore wounded Companions and diſeaſed Kinſmen and Friends behind chem, that
could not for their weakneſs follow the Camp, but _ for that they looked for ſome worſe
matter to fall to. themſelves, then that which they ſaw prele
unto their fellows. But of all the moſt pirifull ſights ro behold in that Camp, there was none
fmore lamentable nor miſerable then_ the Perſon of N\icias.ſelf ; who being toxmented with this
diſeaſe, and waxen very lean and pale, was alſo unworthily brought to extream want of natu-
ral ſuſtenance, *even when he bad moſt need of comfort, being very ſickly. Yet notwithſtanding
his Weakneſs and infirmity, he took great pains, and ſuffered many things which the ſoundeſt
bodies do labour much to overcome and : making ir appear evidently to every man, that
he did not abide all that pains for any reſpe& of himſelf, or deſire that he had to ſave his own
life, ſo much as for their ſakes, in tas he yielded not unt6 preſent deſpair. For where the Soul-
diers for very fear and ſorrow burſt out into tears and bitter wailing, 7 jc5as ſelf ſhewed, that
if by chance he were forced at any time to do the like, it was rather upon remembrance of the
ſhame and diſhonour that came into his mind , to fee the unfortunate ſucceſs of his Voyage, o
; Rr e
The Syracuſg.
ans overcome
the Athenians
by Sea,
The Soothſay-
ers do promile
Viftory to the
Syracuſeans.
The Atheaizns
again oyer-
come on che
Sea by the 8j-
racuſians.
Nicias deceiy-.
ed by Hermes
crates,
The miſerable
ſtace of the 4-
thenians de-
parting from
Syracuſz.
nt before their Eyes to be happened '
Nictss ex
tream milery,
N 1 C1 1 5. "_—_—
ſtead of the honour and Victory they hoped to have brought Home, then ory other reſpec,
But if to ſee Nicias in this miſery, did move the lookers onto pity% yet did this much moreen-
creaſe their compaſſion, when they remembred - Nicias words in his Orations cotttinually ro the
People, to break this Journey, and to diſſwade them from the enterprize of this War, For then
they plainly judged him not to have deſerved theſe troubles. Yet furthermore , this cauſed the
Souldiers utterly to deſpair of help from the gods,. when they conſidered with themſelves , that
ſo devout and godly a man as Nicias ( who left nothing undone that might tend to the hogour
and ſervice of the gods) had no better. ſucceſs, then the moſt vile and wicked Perſons in all the
whole Army. All this notwithſtanding, 2X zcias ſtrained himſelf in all that might be, both by his
good countenance, his chearfull words, and his kind ufing of every man : to let them know that
he fainted not under his burthen, nor yet did yield to this misfortune and extream Calamity, And
thus travelling eight days journey out-right together , notwithſtanding that he was by the way
continually ſer upon, wearied and hurt : yet he ever maintained his Bands, and led them whole
Demoſthenes in company, untill. chat Demoſthenes with all his Bands of Souldiers was taken Priſoner, in a certain
raken of rhe 17111. called POLY ZEL10S : where remaining behind, he was environed by his Enemies in fight,
Ryans. and ſeeing himſelf ſo compaſſed in, drew out his Sword, and with his own hands thruſt himſelf
thorow, but died not of it, becauſe his Enemies came ſtraight about him, and took hold of him. The
SyYRACUSIANS thereupon went with ſpeed to Njcias and told him of Demoſthenes caſe; He
giving no credit to them, ſent preſently certain of his Horſemen thither to underſtand the truth :
who brought him word that Demoſthenes and all his men were taken Priſoners. Then he beſought
Gylippus to treat 'of Peace , to ſutter the poor remain of the ATHENIANS to depart out of
S1ICILE with ſafety, and to take ſuch Hoſtages for the ſure Payment of all ſuch Sums of Mone
the SYRAcusSIANS had disburſed by means of this War , as ſhould like himſelf : which he
promiſed he would cauſe the ATHENIANs to perform and fatisfie unto them, Howbeit the
Nicizs moverh SYRA CUSIANS would in no wiſe hearken to Peace, bur cruelly threatning and reviling them that
a treary of made motion hereof, in rage gave a new onſet upon him, more fiercely then ever before they had
Peace. done. MNicias being then utterly without any kind of Victuals, did notwithſtanding hold out thar
nighr, and marched all the next day following ( though the Enemies Darts ftill lew about their
ears ) untill he came. to the River of 4ſmarus, into the which the SyRacus1ans did forcibly
drive them. Some others of thetn alſo dying for thirſt, entred the River of themſelves, thinking to
drink. But there of all others was the moſt cruel ſlaughter of the poor wretches, even as they were
Niciss Army drinking : untill ſuch time as Niczas falling down flat at Gylippis feet, ſaid thus unto him : Since
overcomear the gods have given thee (Gylippus) Victory, ſhew mercy, not to me that by theſe miſeries have
nan g o** won immortal Honour and Fame, but unto theſe poor vanquiſhed ATHENIANS : calling to thy
retnembrance, that the fortunes of War are common, and how that the ATHtn1awns have uſed
ou LACEDEMONIANS Courteouſly , as often as fortune favoured them againſt you. Gylippus
beholding Nzcias, and perſlwaded by his words, took compaſlion of him (for he knew he was a
Friend unto the LaczDaMONIANS at the laſt Peace concluded betwixt them, and furthermore
WPP0s. ſomuch as there were many more ſlain then taken, although ſome private Souldiers ſaved divers not-
— ly taken into a Troop together, firſt unarmed them, then taking their Weapons from them, hung
Niciss. them up upon the goodlieſt young Trees that ſtood upon the Rivers fide, in token of Triumph. And
TheSyracuſuans . th
«ncer into 89> EYE Was amongſt the GrREEx s one againſt another, and attained alſo the Nobleft ViRory that
racuſa with could be atchieved, and that onely by force of Arms and Valianey.”'So at their retutn, a Council
Triumph. and Afffembly was holden at Syracus a, by the Citizens and their Confederates : in the which E x-
The Captains - $yRACUSIANS, confirmed this Decree. And 'when the Captain *Hermocrates went about to per-
of the Atheni-, c..
ans condemned
ro die.
c :
LE,
* = -
to” on. -
A 2 ,
n , ge
. k — IC
v1 Tu»
eg .
"4 £: 0
26.1.4 8735s a C I A k\
A WS ' ,
My Pali o
465
_Arnzxs.. ” ha' ng. dIn thirty Talents our of a thouſand which Lyſander ſent
0 \byh having Did them under the eavings of his Houſe, being bewrayed, was
compelied with ſhameto fiy his Country, as we have more amply declared in the Life of Ly/an-
der. S0 Timeus writeth, that Nicias and Demoſthenes were not ſtoned to death by the Sy x a cu-
SIANS,, a5 Thucydides and Philiſus report, but that they killed themſplves, upon-word ſent them by
Hermocr«tes (before the Aſſemblyof the People was broken up) by one of his\then,” whom the
Keepers of the Priſon letin unto them; howbeit their bodies were caſt our at the Jayl door, for e-
very man to betzold, 1 have heard there is a Target at this preſent ro be ſeenin a Temple at Syra-
CUS A, Which is ſaia ic Þe Nicias Target, covered all over with Gold and Purple Silk, ling finely
wrought together. As fe Wie other Priſoners of the Aryentans , the moſt of YT died of
ſickneſs, and of ill handling ye. * Priſon - whexe they had no more allowed them to live withall but
two diſhfulls of, Barley for rieir bread, aiid-Vne of water for each man a day;Indeed many of
them were conveyed away, ayd ſold for Slaves : and many alſo that ſcaped unknown as Slaves were
alſo ſold for bondmen, whom they branded in the forehead with the print of a Horſe, who notwith-
ſtanding beſides their bondage, endured alſo this pain, Bur ſuch, cheir humble patience and modeſty
did greatly profit them : for either ſhortly after they were made Freemen, or if they ſtill continued
Nicaand
Demoſthenes
flew them.
leiyes:
in bondage, they were gently intreated and beloved of their Maſters. Some of them were ſaved alſo
for E urypides ſake. For the S1CILIANS liked the Verſes of this Poet berter thenthey did any other
GREC1aNs Verſesof the midſt GretEct. For if they heard any Rimes or Songs like unto his,
they would have them by heart, and one would preſent them to another with great joy. And therefore
it is reported, that divers eſcaping this bondage, and returning again to ATHENs, went very lovingly
to ſalute Eurypides, and to thank him for their lives : and tvldhim how they were delivered from My
very, onely by teaching them thoſe Yerles which they temembred of his Works. Others told him al-
ſo, how that after the Barttle, they ſcaping by flight, ahd wandering up and down the Fields, mer with
ſome that gave them meat and drink to fing his Verſes, And this is not to be marvelled at, weighing
the report made of a Ship of the City of Cauxnus, that on a time being chaſed in thither by Pirats,
thinking to ſave themſelves within their Ports, could not at the firſt be received, but had repullſe : how-
beit being demanded whether they could fing any of Erypides Songs, and anſwering that they could,
were ſtraight ſuffered to enter, and come in. The news of this lamentable Overthrow, was not be-=
lieved at the firſt, when they heard of it at ATHz Ns, For a ſtranger that landed in the Haven of Px
REA, went and ſate him down (asthe manner is) in a Barbers Shop, and thinking it had been com-
mofily known there, began to talk of it. The Barber hearing the ftranget tell of ſuch matters ; be-
fore any other had heard of it, ran into the City as faſt as he could, and going to the Governours told
the news openly before them all. The Magiſtrates thereupon did preſently call an Aſſembly, and
brought the Barber before them : who being demanded of whom he heard theſe News, could make no
certain report, Whereupon being taken for a forger of News, that without ground had put the Ciry
in fear and trouble, hewas preſently bound, and laid on a wheel, whereon they uſe to put offenders
to death, and ſo was there tormented a great time untill at laft there arrived certain men in the City,
who brought too certain News thereof, and told every thing how the overthrow came. So as in
they found Nicias words true which now they believed when they ſaw all thoſe miſeries light fully up-
on them, which he long before had Prognoſticated unto them,
The end of the Life of Nicias.
Rr 2 THE
Eurypides
Verles tlaved
many of the
Athenians
lives;
The Athenians
do rormenr the
bringer of the
News of thei
overthrow.
Nicias fore-
ſhewed the m1-
ſeries of the
Athenians.
——_—
. =. =o . - S—-
CE OO ROTO ” :
J yY p—— ae þ
- o_ 4
4 - ——— =
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TORS A£&t. PG I
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P A of Jef
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a = 7 i ATE. F
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” 4 $4 . 1 : £- 57 x. 2+x a.
> *0. G La 4 % -
bY « £ y a .
C. \ o Z © ,
G : Þ a . v &
£, \ & 4
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4 -
os ” 4 _
MARCUS CRASISUS..
Ann. Mund, Ant: Chrift,
3891. yy
Marcus Craſſus Ed Arcs Craſſus was the Son of a Cenſor,who had alſo received the Honour of Tri-
kindred and & umph:but himſelf was brought up in a little Houſe with two other of his Brethren,
Y which were both married in their Fathers and Mothers Life time, and kept Houſe
together, Whereupon it came to paſs, that he was a man of ſuch ſober and rem-
$ perate diet, that one of his Brethren being deceaſed, he married his Wife, by
whom he had Children, For Women, helived as continent a Life, as any Ro-
| = MA N Of his time : notwithſtanding afterwards being of riper years, he was ac-
cuſed by Plotinus to have defloured one of the Veſtal Nuns called Zscinis. Bur
in troth the cauſe of that ſuſpition grew thus. Licinia had a goodly pleaſant Garden hard by the Sub-
urbs of the City, wherewith Craſſus was marvellouſly in love, and would fain bave had it oe cheap:
and upon this onely occaſion was often ſeen in ſpeech with her ; which made the People ſuſpect him.
But for as much as it ſeemed to the Judges that his covetouſneſs was the cauſe that made him follow
her, he was cleared of the inceſt ſuſpe&ed, but he never left following of the Nun, till hehad got the
Craſſus coys. Garden of her. The Romans ſay there was but that onely Vice of covetouſneſs in Craſſics, that
rouſneſs.. drowned many other goodly Vertues in him: for mine own opinion methinks he could not be touched
with that Vice alone without others, fince it grew ſo great, as the note of that onely did hide and
cover all his other Vices. Now to ſet out his extream covetous deſire of getting, naturally bred in
him, they prove it by two manifeſt Reaſons. The firſt, his manner and means heuſed to get: and the
' ſecond, the greatneſs of his Wealth. For at the beginning he was not left much more worth, then
Craſſus riches. three lundred Talents. And during the time that he dealt in the Affairs of the Commonwealth, he of-
fered the Tenths of all his Goods wholly unto Hercules, kept open Houſe for all the People of Rom,
and gave alſo to every Citizen of the ſame as much C orn axwould keep him three Moneths ; and yer
when he went from Roms to make War with the Pax TH1ans, himſelf being deſirous to know
what all he had was worth, found that it amounted to the. ſum of ſeven thouſand one hundred Ta-
How Craſſu lents. Bur if I may with licence uſe evil ſpeech, writing a troth : 1 ſay he got the moſt part of
came by his * his Wealth by Fire and Blood, raifing his —_— revenue of publick Calamities. For when
yauth,
Goods Sylla had taken the' City of Roms, he made portſale of the Goods of them whom he had put to
death, ro thoſe that gave moſt, terming them his booty, onely for that he would the Nobility and
greateſt men of Power in the City ſhould be partakers with bim of this Iniquity : and in this open
| Sale Craſſus never left raking of Gitts, nor buying of things of Sy/a for prokt. Furthermore, Craſ-
ſus perceiving that the greateſt decay commonly of the buildings in Ro came by Fire, and _
| own
".
-- 5. 467
wearweighe by number of Stories built one upon another ;
hs, Carpenters, and theſe deviſors and builders, and of thoſe he
| | Afterwards, when the fire took any Houſe, he would buy
he F | ming, and the next Houſes adjoyning io it, which the Owners ſold for
lircle, being then in datigeFas they were, and a burning : ſo that by proceſs of time, the moſt part
of the Hbuſes in Rows came to be his. But notwithſtanding that he had ſo many Slaves to his
Workmen, he niv%3*t any Houſe from the ground, ſaving his own Houſe wherein he dwelt : ſay-
ing that ſuch as delighte&0 £build, undid themſelves without the help of any Enemy. And though ©” aſus ſaying
he had many Mines of Silver gymavy Ploughs, and a number of Hinds and Ploughmen to follow the © —_—
ſame : yer all that commodity wesnothing, in reſpect of the profit his Slaves and bondmen brought
him daily in, As Readers, Scriveners, Goldſmiths, Bankers , Receivers, Stewards of houſholds,
Carvers, and other ſuch Officers at the Table, taking pains himſelf ro help them when they were
learners, and to inſtrut them what they ſhould do ; and ro be ſhort, he thought the greateſt care
a good Houſholder ought to have, was to ſeehis 2laves or Servants well taught, being the moſt live-
ly Cattle and beſt Inſtruments of a mans Houſe. And ſurely therein his opinion was not ill, ar the Craſſus care a
leaſt if he thought as he ſpake : that all rhings muſt be done by Servants, and his Servants muſt be bour Servants,
ruled by him. For we ſee that the Art and Skill to be a good Husband, when it confiſteth in Govern«
ment of things without life or ſenſe, is bur a baſe thing, onely tending to gain : but when it depend- What belong.
eth upon good order and government of men, methinks then it is ro know how ro Govern well ©® :0 good
a Commonwealth. Bur as his judgment was good in the other, ſo was it very bad in this: that he _—
thought no man rich and wealthy, that could not maintain a whole Army with his own proper confitts.
—_ For the War (as King eArchidamus was wont to ſay) is not made with any certainty of Craſſus judge.
expence : and- therefore there muſt no ſufficiency of riches be limited for the maintenance of the ſame, mene who was
But herein .arixs and he differed far in opinion : who having allowed every Rom ax fourteen __ _
Acres of Land (called -with them, Jugera) underſtanding that ſome were not pleaſed, but would Ta age Wat
have more, made them this anſwer : The gods forbid ary Roman ſhould think that Land little,
which indeed is enough to ſuffice for his maintenance, This notwithſtanding, {+afſ7 was courte-
ous to ſtrangers, for his Houſe was open to them all, and he lent his Friends Money without in-
tereſt ; but when they brake day of Payment with him, then would he roundly demand his Mo
of them. So, his courteſie ro lend many times without intereſt, did more trouble chem, then if
he had taken very great Uſury, Indeed when he bade any man come to his Table, his fare was ,., ofſus farect
buteven ordinary, without all exceſs ; but his fine and cleanly Service, and the good entertaine þ;, Table.
ment he gave every man that came ro him, pleaſed him better, then if he had been more plenti-
full of Diet and Diſhes. As for his learning and ſtudy, he chiefly ſtudied Eloquence: and that ſort
ſpecially rhat beſt would ſerve his turn to ſpeak in open preſence : ſo that he became the beſt. ſpoken
man in Rome of allhistime, and! by his great induſtry and diligent endeavour excelled all them
that even by nature were moſt apt unto it, For ſome ſay, he had never ſo ſmall nor little a Cauſe
in hand, but he alwaies came prepared having ſtudied his Cauſe before for pleading : and oftentirties
alſo when Pompey, Ceſar, and Cicero refuſed to-riſe and ſpeak ro matters, Craſſis would defend cus tlg:
every Cauſe, it he were requeſted, And therefore was he generally beloved and well thought of, quence.
becauſe he ſhewed himſelf painfull, and. willing to help every man, Likewiſe was his gentleneſs
marvellouſly eſteemed, becauſe he ſaluted every body courreouſly, and made much of all men : for
whomſoever he met in the Streets that ſpake t6 him as he pafled and ſaluted him, werehe never ſo
mean, he would ſpeak to him again, and call him by his Name. Ir is ſaid alſo he was very well
ſtudied in Stories, and indifferently ſeen in Philoſophy, ſpecially in eLr:/totles Works, which one
eAlexander did 'read unto him, a man that became very gentle and patient of nature, by uſing of
Craſſi company : for it were hard to ſay, wherher Alexander was poorer when he came to Craſſus,
or made poorer while he was with him. Of all his friends he would ever have cLlexander abroad
with him, atd while they were abroad, would lend him a Hat to cover his head by the way : but fo
ſoon as they were returned, he would call for it again. O wonderfull patience of a man ! to ſee
that he making profeſtion of; Philoſophy as he did, the poor man being in great pdverry, did not
place poverty in things indifferent, Bur hereof we will ſpeak more hereafter. Cinna and Marius
being now of greater Power, and coming on dire&tly towards Roe, every man ſuſpected ſtraight
their coming was for no good to-the Commonwealth , bur as appeareth plainly, for the death
and deſtruction of the Nobleft men of Rome. For ſo it fell out indeed, that they f{lew all the chief
men they found in the Ciry, among whom {aſs Father and his Brother were of the number, and
himſelf being at. that rime but young, eſcaped the preſent danger onely by flight. Furthermore, Cr:ſſu flieth
Craſſus hearing that they laied wait to take him, and that the Tyrants _ him in every place, 2{rizs 3nd
rook three of his Friends in his company and ten Servants onely , and into Sea1N with all £#9%*-
poſlible ſpeed, where he had been with his Father before, and had gotren ſome Friends when he was
Pretor, and ruled the Country. Nevertheleſs, ſeeing every body afraid, and miſtruſting eA/arins
cruelty ; as if he had been at cheir doors, he durſt not bewray himſelf ro any man, but went into the
Fields, and hid him in a great Cave being within the Land of one Yibixs Piciacus by the Sea fide, from
whence he ſent a man of his to this P:craczs, to feel what good will he bare him, bur ſpecially for
that- his ViRtuals began to fail him. Y*b:4s hearing that Craſſus was ſafe, and had eſcaped, became
very glad of is : and underſtanding how many Perſons he had with him, and into what place he pijb;jus courtdfic
was gotten, went not himſelf ro tce him, but called one of his *Slaves (who was his Receiver - unto-Craſſus,
Rr 3 occupie
C-
TOW,
— a
-— —— —
" :
"1
Ll
* ont ton as. Moc SG Von rn i: —
-
_—— - -
2 —
ws the FY _
CRAS MN
Craſſus Cave.
Craſſus voyage
into Africh.
Craſſus ſent by
$yll4 into the
Countrey of
the Marſcans.
The emulation
berwixt Craſ-
ſus and Pompey
$ylla called
Pompey Impe-
rator,
Craſſus took
the City of
Tuder,
The valiant-
neſs of Craſ-
ſus,
- again he ran into as great
occupied that ground for him (and bringing him neanmerpiane
him every night to provide meat for ſupper, to bringit ready"
was the Cave, and make no words of it, neither be inquifitive for whew ou
die for it, and otherwiſe, for keeping the thing ſecret as he comma HNCo TO Mak hir
a free man. This Cave is not far from the Sea f1de, and is cloſed in rou with rwo Rocks that
meet together, which receive a ſoft cool wind into them, When ye are entred into the Cave, it
is of a great height within, and inthe hollowneſs thereof are many other, -*) © &7 great receipt one
within another, and beſides that, it neither lackerh light nor water : for ctherks a Well of paſling good
water running hard by the Rock, and the natural rifts of the Rocks flſo receiving the light without,
where they meet together, do ſend it inward into the Cave. $0hat in theday time it is marvellous
light, and bath no damp air, but very pure and dry, by reaſon of the thicknels of the Rock, which
ſendeth all the moiſtneſs and vapour into that ſpringing Well. Craſſus keeping cloſe in this Cave,
Vibix receiver brought ViRuals thither daily to relieve him and his company, but ſaw not them
he brought it to, nor could underſtand what they were : and yer they ſaw him plainly, obſerving the
hour and time of his coming when he brought the ſame, He provided them no more then would
even neceſſarily ſerve their turn , and yet plenty ſufficient to make good chear withall : for
Vibius was bent to entertain Craſſus as honourably as he could poſſible, inſomuch as he confider-
ed he was a young man, and therefore reaſon would he ſhould offer him ſome occaſion to take ſuch
pleaſure and delight as his youth required. For to relieve his neceſſity onely, he thought that
rather a part of fear, then any ſhew of love towards him. One day he took two fair young
Damſels, and brought them with him co the Sea fide : and when he came to the Cave, ſhewed them
where they ſhould get up, and bade them nor be afraid. Craſſ3y at the firſt, when he ſaw the
young Wenches, was afraid he had been betrayed : yet he asked them what they were, and whom
they ſought, They being inſtructed by Yb: what they ſhould ſay, anſwered, that they ſought .
their Maſter that was hidden there. Then Craſſus knew this was Yibins mirth to ſhew him cour-
refie : ſo he received them into his Cave, and kept them as long as he lay there, letting Yibius
underſtand by them what he lacked, Feneſtel/a writeth, that he ſaw one of them when ſhe was an
old Woman, and that he had heard her tell him this Tale many a time with great delight, In fine,
Craſſus ( after he had lain hidden in this Cave eight Moneths) underſtanding that (37a was dead,
came out : and ſo ſoon as he made himſelf to be known, there repaired a great number of Soul-
diers unto him, of whom he onely choſe two thouſand five hundred, and with them paſſed by ma-
ny Cities , and ſacked one called MaLaca, as divers do write ; but he flatly denied ir, and
ſtoutly contraried them that affirmed it. , And afterwards having gotten Ships together, went in-
to AFRICX, to eMerellns Pins, a man of great fame, and that had already gotten a preat
Army together, Howbeit he tarried not long with e Hetellus, but jarring with him, went unto Sylla,
who welcomed and honoured him as much as any that he had about him. Sy/la afterwards ar-
riving in ITALY, intending- to imploy all the young Nobility he had in his company, gave every
one of them Charge under him, and ſent (Fafſ#s into the Country of the Marxs1ANs, to levy
men of War there, Craſſus deſiring certain Bands of Sy/la to aid him, being driven to paſs by
his Enemies : Sy/la anſwered him angerly again : .I give thee thy Father, thy Brother, thy Friends
and Kinſmen to aid thee, whom they moſt wickedly have ſlain and murthered, and whoſe deaths I
purſue with hot revenge of mine Army, uponthoſe bloody murtherers that have ſlain them. Craſſus
being netled with theſe words, departed thence preſently, and ſtoutly paſſing through his Enemies,
levied a good number of Souldiers : and was ever after ready at Sy{la's commandment in all his
Wars. Here began firſt (as they ſay) the ftrife and contention berwixt him and Pompey. For Pompey
being younger then Craſſus, and bornof a wicked, Father in Rome, whom the People more hated
then ever they did man : came yet to great honour by his valiancy, and by the notable Acts he did
in the Wars at that time. So that Sylla did Pompey that honour many times, which he ſeldom did
unto thern that were his Elders, nor yet unto thoſe rhat were his equals :-as to riſe up' when he came
towards him, to put off his Cap; to call him Imperator, as much as Lieutenant-Generall, And this
galled Craſſus to the heart, although he had no wrong in that Powpey: was taken before him, be-
cauſe he had no experience in matters .of War at that time, and alſo becauſe theſe two Vices that
were bred in him, miſery and covetouſneſs, drowned 'all his Vertue and well doing. For at the ſack
of the City of Tupzx , which he took , he privily got the moſt part of the ſpoil to himſelf,
whereof he was accuſed before Sy/la. Yet in the laſt Battle of this Civil War (which was the great-
eſt and moſt dangerous of all other ) even before Ros it ſelf, the Wing that Sylla led, was repul-
ſed and overthrown : but Craſſus. that led the right Wing, overcame: his Enemies, followed them
in chaſe till midnight, ſent Sy/{a word of his Victory, and demanded ViRtuals for his men. But then
Jefame , for buying, or -begging, the confiſcate goods of the Outlaws
appointed to be ſlain, for little or nothing. And- it. is ſaid alſo, that he made 'one an Outlaw in
the Countrey of the BxuTians ,. without Syl/a's privity or commandment, onely to have his
goods. But Syil being told of it, would never after uſe him in any open Service. Surely this is a
ſtrange thing, that Crafſes ſelf being a great flatterer-of other, and could creep intoany mans fayour,
was yet himſelf caſte to be won h flattery, of any man that would ſeek him that way. Fur-
thermore, it is ſaid of him thar he had this property : that though himſelf was as extreamly co-
vetous as might be, yer he bitterly reproved and utterly miſliked them that had- his own humor
of avarice, Pompey s honour that he attained unto daily, by bearing great Charge and _ the
ars,
Fi Ss. W& 469
— —— — —O—
So becauſe he obtained the Honour of Triumph before he
r thatthe Romans commonly called him, Pompeins Magnus, Craſſus envi.
Fas being in 2 place ona time when one ſaid that ſaw Pompey coming, eth Pompey.
S omp je, And how great I pray ye, ſaid he ſcornfully > howbeit deſpair. *** Rovtens
that he could age obtain ro match him in the Wars, he gave himſelf unto the affairs of the _— 9
City : and by his pains and induſtry of pleading, and defending mens cauſes, by lending of Mone —_
ro them that neede4, and by: helping of them that ſued for any Office, or demanded any thing elſe craſs incur.
of the People, he ariained inthe end ro the like eftimation and Authority that Pompey was come try and cauſe
unto, by his many Noble 'Viftories. And there was one notable thing in either of them, For * riſing in che
Pompey's Fame and Power ws greater in Roms , when himſelf was abſent : and contrariwiſe dry _
when he was there preſent, (7aſſus oftentimes was better eſteemed then he. Pompey carried a —
great Majeſty and gravity in his manner of Life, would not be ſeen often of the People, but kept
trom repairing to open places, and would ſpeak bur in few mens cauſes, and that unwillingly : all
ro keep his favour and credit whole for himſelf, when he ſtood in need to employ the ſame,
Where Craſſus diligence was profitable to many, becauſe he kept continually in the Market-place,
and was cafie to be repaired unto by any man that required his help, daily following thoſe exer-
ciſes, endeavouring himſelf to pleaſure every man : ſo that by this eafie acceſs and familiarity,
for favour and good will, he grew to exceed the gravity and Majeſty of Pompey. But as for the
worthineſs of their Perſons, their Eloquence of ſpeech , and their good grace and countenance :
in all thoſe (it is ſaid) Pompey and Craſſus were both alike, And this envy and emulation
never carried Craſſns away, with any open malice or ill will, For though he was ſorry to ſee Pom-
pey and (ſar honoured above him ; yer the worm of ambition never bred malice in him. No;
chough Ceſar when he was taken by Pirats in As1A (as he was once) and being kept Priſoner
cried outaloud : O (Faſſus, what joy will this be ro thee, when thou ſhalt hear 1 am in Priſon !
This notwithſtanding, they were afterwards good friends, as it appeareth : for (: «ſar being ready
on a time to depart out of Rome for Prztor into SPAIN , and not being able to fatisfie his
Creditors that came flocking all at once about him, to ſtay and arreſt his Carriage : Craſſus, in that
time of need torſook him not, but became his ſurery for the ſum of eight hundred and thirry _
Talents. In fine, all Ro being divided into three FaCtions, to wit, of Pompey, Ceſ ar and Craſſus Three Fa&ions
(for as for (ao, the eſtimation they had of his fidelity was greater then his Authority : and his Ver. Rome.
tue more wondered at then practiſed) in ſo much as the _ and wiſeſt men took part with Pom:-
pey. The livelieſt youths, and likelieft ro run into deſperate attempts, they followed Cefars hope.
Craſſus keeping the midſt of the Stream, was indifferent to them both z and oftentimes changed
his mind and purpoſe. For in matters of Government in the Commonweal , he neither ſhewed Craſſus incoti;
himſelf a conſtant Friend, nor a dangerous Enemy : but for gain, was eaſily made friend or foe. fancy.
So that in'x moment they ſaw him praiſe and reprove, defend and condemn , the ſame Laws, and
the ſame nien. - His eſtimation grew more, through the Peoples fear of him , then for any good
will they bare ' him. - As appeareth by the anſwer that one $c;z25x (a very buſte headed man, and
one that troubled every Governour of the Commonweal in his time) made to one that asked him,
why he was not buſie with Craſſus amongſt the reſt : and how it happened that he ſo ſcaped bis
hands? O, ſaid he, he carried hay' on his horn, The manner was then at Roe, if any man had a ${&inius Pro-
curſt Bullock that would ſtrike with his horn, to winde hay about his head, that the People might verb.
beware of him when they met him.”' The cottimotion of Fencers, which ſome call Spartaczs War, The War of the
their waſting and deſtroying of ITALy came upon this occaſion. In the City of Ca ua, there was bondmen, cal-
one Lentulus Batiatus, that kept a greatnumber of Fencers at unrebated Foils, whom the Ro xa Ns led Spartacus
call Gladiators, whereof the moſt part were Gauts and THRACIANS, Theſe men were kept "+
locked up, not for any fault they had committed, 'bur onely for the wickedneſs of their Maſter that
had brought them and compelled chem by force, one to fight with another at the Sharp, On a time
two hundred of them were minded to ſteal away : but this conſpiracy being bewrayed, threeſcore
and eighteen of them entred into a Cooks Houſe, and with the Spus and Kitchin-knives, which
there they got, wen quite out of the Ciry, By the way they fortuned ro meet with Carts loaden
with Fencers Weapons, that were brought from Ca yua, going to ſome other City : thoſe they
alſo-rook by force, and arming themſelves therewith, got chem then to a ſtrong place of ſcituation.
Where amongſt themſelves they choſe three Caprains , and one Spartacus a THRACIAN born The wit and
(and of thoſe Countrymen, that go wandring up and down with their Heards of Beaſts, never behaviour of
ſtaying long'ina place) they made their General. This Sparracxs was not onely valiant, bur ſtrong x arg the
made withall, and endued with more wiſdom and honeſty, thenis commonly found in men of his _ "1g
ſtare and condition : and for civility and good underſtanding a man more like to the GRECIANS mens War,
then any of his Countrymen commonly be. Itis reported, that wheni Spartacus came firſt to ROME
to be ſold for a Slaves there was found as he {lept a Snake wound about his face. His Wife feeing
it, being his own Countrywoman, and a wiſe Woman befides, poſſeſt with Bacchus ſpirit of Di-
vination ; ſaid-plainly that it did fignifie, that one day he ſhould be of grear Power, much dread, "I
and have very good ſucceſs. ' This ſame Woman Prophereſs was then with him and followed Clodius a Ro-
him likewiſe when' he fled. 'Now firſt they- overthrew .cerrain'Souldiers that came our of Ca pua m4" _
againſt them, thinking to take them : and ſtripping them of their Armour and Weapons, made them nm—_ with
glad ro take the Fencers Weapons, which they threw away as vileand'unſeemly. Atrer that, the Ro- three rhoafand
MANS ſent Clodius Pretor' againſt them, with three thouſand men. Who befieged them in —_ men,
ort,
2 wo
+XY $4 .
2 CAS
-— KERN
* or
, .
CRASSY
Clodius a Prz-
ror OVercome
of SParHacus.,
Publius Pari-
nus Prztor,
ſenr again?
Spartacus.
Spartacus Vi-
Rory of Publi-
us Parinus.
Gellius and
Lentulus, both
Conſuls ſent a-
gainlt Sparta-
EUs.
Caſſius over-
come by Spar-
FACus.
Craſſus lent a-
gainſt Sparta-
Cur,
Mummius Craf-
ſus Lieute-
nant,
Mummtus over.
thrown by
Fpartacus.
The Romans
manner of
puniſhing cow-
ardly Soulai-
ers.
Forr, ſituate upon a Hill that had a very fteep and na
up to them: all the reſt of the ground round about 1 nm
over, and upon them great ſtore of wild Vines. Of them the by
and made thereof Ladders, like ro theſe Ship Ladders of- Ropes, of fue
they reached from the top of the Hill even to the very bottom : upon Ttholenmeynall” cameately
down ſaving one that tarried above to throw down their Armour after them who afterward
by the ſame Ladder ſaving himſelf laſt of all. The Romans miſtruſting no ſuch matter, theſe
bondmen compaſſed the Hill round, affailed them behind, and put them in Kh a fear with the
ſudden onſet, as they fled upon it every man, and ſo was their Camp taken, Thereupon divers
Heardſmen and Shepheards that kepr Cattle hard by the Hill, joyned with the Romans that
fled, being ſtrong and hardy men: of which ſome they armed, and others they uſed as Scouts and
Spials to diſcover. Upon this overthrow was ſent another Captain from Roms , called Publizs
Verinws, againſt theſe bondmen : who firſt overcame Furims, the Lieutenant of Yariny in Battle,
and two thouſand of his men : and after that again they flew one Coſſini#s, and overthrew a great
Army of his, being joyned with Publixs Yarinms, as his fellow and Counſellor. Spartacus having
intelligence that Coſſinzus was bathing himſelf ar a place called the ſalt Pits, had almoſt taken him
tardy, having much ado by flight to fave himſelf : notwithſtanding, Spertacxs wan all his Car-
riage at that time, and having him bard in chaſe, rook his whole Camp with great ſlaughter of his
men, among whom Coſſinius ſelf was ſlain. Spartacus having thus now in Battles and En-
counters overcome the Prztor himſelf, Publizs Yarinus, and at the length taken his Serjeants from
him that carried the Axes before him, and his own Horſe whereon he rode himſelf : was grown
then to ſuch a power, as he was dreaded of every man. Yet all this notwithſtanding, Spartacus
wiſely conſidering his own force, thinking it not good to tarry till he might overcome the Power of
the RomANs, marched with his Army towards the Ar 2s, taking it their beſt way after they had
paſſed them over, every man tq repair home to his own Country, ſome into GAur the reſt in-
ro THRACIA, Buthis Souldiers truſting to their multitude, and perſwading themſelves to do great
things, would not obey him therein, but went again to ſpoil and over-runall IraLy. The Senate of
Rome being in great perplexity, not onely for the ſhame and diſhonour that their men ſhould be
overcome in that ſort by Slaves and Rebels, but alſo for the fear and danger all 1T a1.y ſtood in be-
ſides : ſent both the Conſuls rogerher, Gells#s and Lenzalus, as unto as difficult and dangerous a War,
as any that could have happened- unto them. This Ge#:xs one of the Conſuls, ſetting ſuddenly upon
2 Band of the GzRMANS, which in a bravery and contempt as it were diſperſed themſelves from
their Camp, put them to the Sword every man. Lentulus, his Colleague and fellow Conſul on
the other fide, compaſſed in Spartacus round with a great Army : but Spartacus charged his Lieute-
nants that led the Army, gave them Battle, overthrew them, and took all their Carriage, Hereup-
on, marching on ſtill with his Army towards the Ar yzs, Caſſizs the Prxtor and Governour of
Gaur about the Po, came againſt him with an Army of ten thouſand men. Spartacxs joyned Bat-
tle with him, and overcame him. Caſs baving loſt a great number of his men, with greart difficul-
ty ſaved himſelf by flying. The Senate hearing of Caſſius overthrow, were marvelloully offended
with the Conſuls, and ſent commandment unto them, to leave off the War :'and thereupon gave
the whole Charge thereof unto £Harcxs Crafus, who was accompanied in his Journey with man
noble young Gentlemen of honourable Houſes, both for chat he was marvellouſly efteemed, and alſo
for the good will they bare him, Now went Crafus from Rome, and camped in RoMaN1a,
tarrying Spartacus coming, who was marching thitherward, He ſent 3Awmmix one of his Lieute-
nants with two Legions to fetch a compaſs about to entrap the Enemy behind : on. pt command-
ing him to follow Spartacus rereward , bur inno caſe to offer him Skirmiſh nor Battle. But Jdum-
mu notwithſtanding this ſtraight commandment, ſeeing ſome hope given him to do good, ſet upon
Spartacus, who gavehim the overthrow, flew numbers of his men, and moe had ſlain, faving that
certain of them ſaved themiſelves by flight, having onely loſt their Armour and Weapons. Here-
upon Crafus was grievoully offended with Aſummins, and receiving his Souldiers that fled, gave
them other Armour .and Weapons : [but yer upon ſureties, that they ſhould keep them better -rhence-
forth, then they had before done... Now Crafus of the five hundred. that were in the firſt Ranks,
and that firſt fled, them he divided into fifty times ten, and out of every one of thoſe he put one of them
to death, as the Lot fell out: renewing again the Ancient diſcipline of the RomANs to puniſh
cowardly Souldiers; which of long time before had not been pur in uſe. For it is a kind of death
that bringeth open ſhame witkall ; and becauſe it isdone in the face of the Camp, it maketh all the
reſidue afraid to ſee the terrour of this puniſhment. Craſ#s having done execution in this ſort
upon his men, led his Army againſt Spartacus , who till drew back , untill he came to the Sea
de through the Countrey of the Lucantans, where he found inthe ftraight of the far of Mz s-
S$INA, Certain Pirats- Ships of C1LIic1a, and there determined ro go into S1icitia, And
having puttwo thouſand men into $1c1LEz, he then revived the War there of the Slaves, which
was but in manner newly ended, and lacked ſmall provocation to begin it again. But theſe Pirats
having promiſed Spartacus to pals him over thither, and alſo taken Gifts of him, deceived him,
and brake their promiſe. W Spartacus. returning back again from the Sea fide, went
jm
. and camped within a. little Iſle of the RazG1ans, Cyafs coming thither to ſeek him , and
perceiving that the nature of the place taught him what he ſhould do, determined with a Wallto
choak up the bar or Channell entring into the little Iſland, both ro Keep his mey yonge __
: 1dlenels,
_—
471
from al. This was a marvellous hard and long piece of
wes fumihed it beyond all mens expectation in a very ſhort time, and
Tre bin one fide of the Sea to the other overthwart this bar , which was three
ndred furlongs in length, fifteen foot broad, and fo many in height, and upon the top of
this Trench builca high Wall, of a marvellous ftrength, whereof Spartacus at the firſt made light
aecount , and laughed at it. But when Pillage began to fail him , and travelling all about the Iſle
for Viuals, perceiving himſclfto be ſhut in with this Wall, and that there was no kind of Vidcuals
to be had within all the compaſs of the Iſle: he then took the yantage of a rough boiſterous night,
the wind being very great, when it ſnowed exceedingly, ſet his men on work, and filled up a piece
of the Trench ( being a {mall breadth) with Earth, Stones and boughs of Trees, whereupon he
paſſed over the third part of his Army. Craſſus at the firſt then became afraid, leſt Spartacus
would have taken his way diretly toward Roms, but he was ſoon put out of that fear, when he
heard they were fallen our together, and that a great number of them rebelling againſt Spartacur,
went and camped of themſelves by the Lake of Luc a N14, which water by report hath this vari-
able property, that at certain times it changeth and becometh very ſweer, and at ſome other times
again ſo ſalt and brackiſh as no man can drink it. Crafſ#s going to ſet upon them, dravethem be-
yond the Lake, but could kill no great number of them, nor follow them very far , becauſe
Spartacus came preſently ro the reſcue with his Army, who ſtayed the chaſe. Craſſus had written
Letters before to the Senate, to call Zuculzs home out of THRAc1a, and Pompey out of Srarn,
whereof he then repented him, and made all the poſlible ſpeed he could tro end this War before
either of them came thither ; knowing, that which of them ſo ever came to his help, to him would
the People give the Honour of ending this War, and not to himfelf, Wherefore he firſt deter-
mined to affail them that had revolted from Spartacxs, and camped by themſelves, who were led
by (aius (anicins, and another called Caſtus. So (Faſſas ſent ſix thouland Footmen before to rake
a Hill, commanding them to lie as cloſe as they could, that their Enemies might not diſcover them ;
and ſo they did, and covered their Morians and Head-pieces as well as might be, from being ſeen.
Nevertheleſs they were diſcovered by two Women doing Sacrifice for the fafery of their Army,
and thereupon were all in great hazard of caſting away, had not {afſ#s been, who came in time
to their aid, and gave the Enemies the cruelleft Battle that ever they fought in all that War,
For there were {lain of the Slaves at that Battle twelve thouſand and three hundred, of which,
two onely were found hurt in the backs , and all the reſt Cain in the place of their Ranks,
valiantly fighting where they were ſet in Battle Ray. Spartacns aiter this overthrow, drew to-
_”_
5.4 1 "—_—
B+ <
Craſſus won-
dertull Trench
and Wall.
A wonderfull
nature of the
water of the
Lake of Lucds
114.
Ambuſh layed
by Craſſus.
wards the Mountains of PzTzLy, whither Qyintus one of {Faſſus Lieutenants, and Scrofa his The valianc-
Treaſurer followed him, till Skirmiſhing with his rereward all the way : yet in fine, Spartacus
turned ſuddenly upon them, made the Rowans fly that ftill harried his men in that fort, and
hurt Scrofa, {Faſſus Treaſurer ſo ſore, that he hardly eſcaped with Life, Bur the vantage they had of
neſs of Sparta-
cus Souldiers;
Spartacus re-
tired to the
the RomaNs by this overthrow, fell out in the end to the utter deſtruttion of Spartacus, For his Mountains of
men thereby, being the moſt of them fugitive bondmen, grew to ſuch a ſtourneſs and pride of them- Petelie.
ſelves, that they would no more fly from fight , neither yet would they any longer obey their
Leaders and Captains , but by the way as they went, they compaſſed them in with their Weapons,
and told them, that they ſhould go back again with them , whether they would or not, and be
brought through Luca n1a againft the Romans, All this made for ({74ſſ#s as he wiſhed,
for he had received News that Pompey was coming, and that divers were Surers tor him at Rome
to, be ſent in this Journey, ſaying, that the laſt ViRory of this War was due to him, and that
he would diſpatch it at a Battle, as ſoon as he came thicher. {aſs theretore ſeeking occaſion
to fight, lodged as near the Enemy as he could , and made his men one day caft a Trench ;
which the bondmen ſeeking to prevent, came with great fury, and ſet upon them chat wrought,
Whereupon fell- out a hot Skirmiſh, and Rtill ſupplies came on of either fide, ſo that Spartacus
in the end perceiving he was forced unto it, put his whole power in Battle Ray. And when he
had ſet them in order, and that they brought him his Horſe he was wont to ride on, he drew
out his Sword, and before them all ſlew the Horſe dead in the place , ſaying - if it be my Fortune
to win the Field, I know I ſhall have Horſes enough to ſerve my turn , and if I chance to be over-
come, then ſhall I need no more Horſes. After that he flew in among the Romans , think-
ing to attain to fight with (Fafſvs, but he could not come near him ; yet he flew with his
own hands two Rowan Centurions that reſiſted him. In the end, all his men he had about
him, forſook him and fled, ſo as Spartacus was left alone amongſt his Enemies , who valiantly
fighting for his life, was cut in pieces, Now though {afſ#s Fortune was very good in this War,
and that he had ſhewed himſelf a Noble and Valiant Captain , venturing his Perſon in any
danger, yer he could not keep Pompey from the Honour of ending this War : for the Slaves
thiat ſcaped from this laft Battle where Spartacus was lain, fell into Pompeys hands, who made an
end of all thoſe rebellious raſcals. Pompey hereupon wrote to the Senate, that ({7aſſ#s, had over-
come the Slaves in Battle, but chat he himſelf had pulled up that War even by the very roots.
Afcer this Pompey made his entry into Ro mx, and Triumphed for his Victory of Sertorixs, and the
Conqueſt of $PA1N, (Fafſus alſo ſued not for the great Triumph, neither thought he che ſmall
Ovation Triumph on foot, which th
The noble cou-
rage of Sparta-
cus.
Spartacus ſlain.
Pompey's Tri:
umph for
Spain.
granted him, any Honour amo him, for overcoming a few Ozacio, fee
fugitive bondmen. Bur for this ſmall Triumph whereby he was called Ovatio, how much it diffe- 2farcellus Life.
reth from the great Triumph, ſee Marcellus Life, wherein we liave ar large diſcourſed _—_ Now
ompey
, ©,
+
Ret
A _ 3 = »
ah TH F.
'F 4 + "oo
WO #6 teh "-
472 CR "O
Pompey being called to be Conſull ; Crafſ#s, though | d 1
with ,-4 did yet notwithſtanding pray his friendſhip and furthe
ling ro help him, and was ever defirous to make Craſſus beholam bw; 0n he
dealt friendly for him, and ſpake openly in the Aſſembly of the C nar he would"no leſs
Craſſus made thank the People to appoint Craſſus his Companion and fellow Conſull with him, then for ma-
Conſal with King himſelf Conſull. But notwithſtanding they were both Conſuls together in Office, thetr
TAPE: friendſhip held not, but were ever at jar, and the one againſt the other, So by means of their
diſagreement, they paſſed all the time of their Conſulſhip without -any memorable A done,
Craſſus grear Taving that Craſſus made a great Sacrifice to Hercules, and kept an open Feaſt for the People of
feaſting ofthe Rome of a thouſand Tables, and gave ro every Citizen Corn to find him three Months, Bur
People of in the end of their Conſulſhip, at a Common-Council holden, there was a Knight of Rom cal-
_ c led Ovatins eAurelizs (a man not greatly known, for that he had no dealings in the State, and
0% 1449 "ol kept moſt in the Country ) who getting upto the Pulpit for Orations, told the People what a
relius. Viſion he had ſeen in his Dream. Fupirer (ſaith he) appearing to me this night, willed me to tell
you openly, that ye ſhould not put Cr«ſſ#s and Pompey out of their Office, betore they were recon-
ciled together. He had no ſooner ſpoken the words, but the People commanded them to be Friends.
Pompey fate ſtill, and ſaid never a word to it. But Craſſus roſe, and rook Pompey by the hand, and
Craſſus and tyrning him to the People, told them aloud : My Lords of Roa, I dv nothing unworthy of
wr mn my ſelf, to ſeek Pompey's friendſhip and favour firſt , fince you your ſelves have called him the
Great, before he had any hair upon his face, and that ye gave him the honour of Triumph before
he was Senator. And this is all that Craſſus did of any account in-his Conſulſhip, When he was Cen-
ſor alſo, he paſſed it over without any A& done. For he reformed not” the Senate, Muſtered not
_ the men of War, nor took any view or eſtimate of the Peoples goods, although Luftatins Ca-
4 x; tulus was his Colleague and fellow Cenſor, as gentle a Perſon as any of that time that lived in
with 043%. Romt. Now Craſſus at the firſt entry into his Office of Cenſor, going about a cruel and violent AR
to bring £Gy PT to pay tributeto the RoMa NS, Catulus did ſtoutly withſtand him :; whereby diſ-
ſention falling out between them, they both did willingly reſign their Office, In that great conf; piracy
Craſſus ſuſpec. of Catiline, which in manner overthrew the whole State and Commonwealth of Roms, Craſſus was
ted for Cati= had in ſome jealouſie and miſtruſt, becauſe there was one of the Confederates that named him for one
Linesconſpiracy of them, howbeit they gave no credit unto him. Yet Cicero in an Oration of his, doth plainty a«-
cuſe (Faſſus and Ceſsr, as Confederates with Catiline : howbeit this Oration came not forth till the
were both dead. And in the Oration he made alſo, when his Office and Authority of Conſul cake
he ſaid : that (7aſſis came one night to him, and ſhewed him a Letter rouching Cariline, certainly
Craſſus and confirming the conſpiracy then in examination, For which cauſe Craſſus ever after hated him :;
Ca{er Confe-. and that he did not openly revenge it, the let was by means of his Son, For Publins Craſſus
derares with much favouring Eloquence, and being given to- his Book, bare great good will unto Cicero: in
Caralinc. (yh ſort, that upon his baniſhment he put on changed Garments as Cicero did, and procured many
—_— other youths to do the like alſo, and in fine, perſwaded his Father to become his Friend. Ceſar
" now returning to Rome from the Province he had in government, intending to ſue for the Con-
Caſar reconci= ſulſhip ; and perceiving that Pompey and (Taſſus were again at a jar, thought thus with himſelf,
Jed Craſſus 2nd that to make the one ot them his Friend to further his ſure, he ſhould but procure the other his Ene-
Fompe) 193% my: and minding thereforeto attain his defire with the favour of them both, ſought firſt the means
_ to make them Friends, and perſwaded with them, that by their controverſie the one ſeeking the
Pompey, Craſ. Ehers undoing, they did thereby but make Cicero, Catulus and Cato , of the greater Authority, who
{us and Caſer, of themſelves were of no power, if they two joyned in friendſhip to —_—_ both their
all chree oy Friends and FaCtions one, they might rule the State and Commonwealth even as they would. Ceſar
cd in frjendihip haying by his perſwaſion reconciled Craſſus and Pompey, joynipg their three Powers in one, made
es Ach invincible, which afterwards turned to the deftrution of the People and Senate of
Rome. For he madethem not onely greater then they were before, the one by the others means :
but himſelf alſo of uu power through them. For when they to favour (ſar , he was
ſtraight choſen Conſul. without any denial: and ſo behaved himſelf in the Conſulſhip, that at the
length they gave him charge of great Armies, and then ſent him to govern the GauLs : which
was, as a man may ſay, even themſelves to put him into the Caſtle that ſhould keep all the Ciry
in ſubje&ion : imagining that they two ſhould make ſpoil and good booty of. the reſt , ſithence
they had procured him ſuch a Government, Now for Pompey, the cauſe that made him commit
this error, was nothing elſe, but his extream ambition, But as for Craſſ#s, beſides his old Vice of
covetouſneſs rooted in him, he added tothat a new avarice and deſire of Triumphs and ViRories,
which Ceſars fame for proweſs and noble Acts in Wars did throughly kindle in him, that he be-
ing otherwiſe his better in all things, might nor yet in that be his inferiour : which fury took ſuch
hold as it never left him, till ir brought him unto an infamous end, and the Commonwealth to
great miſery, Thus Ceſar being come out of his Province of Gaur unto Luca , divers Roxans
Pompey ang VET Chither to ſee him, and among other Pompey and Craſſus. They baving talked with him
Craſſus dig in ſecret, agreed among them to deviſe to have the whole power of Rows in their hands: ſo
meer with that Ceſar ſhould keep his Army together: and Craſſis and Pompey ſhould take other Provinces
C:ſar ar Luc. and- Armies to them. Now to attain to this, they had no way bur one : that Pompey and Craſſus
ſhould again ſue the ſecond time ro be Conſuls, and that Ce/ars Friends at Rows ſhould ſtand
with them for it, ſending alſo a ſufficient number of his Souldiers to be there at the day of —
the
os i ”
$...
7 4 v ,
wpty and” (raſſus returned tro Rome to that end, but not withour __
d "the $Tor there ran a rumour inthe City, that their meeting of Ceſar in Luc 4
was for no good . Whereupon, eMarcellinus and Domitius asked Pompey in open Senate,
if he meant to make ſuit to be Conſul, Pompey anſwered them : Peradventure he did , perad-
venture he did not. They asking him again the ſame queſtion : he anſwered, he would ſue for
the good men, not for the evil. Pompey's anſwers were thought very proud and baughty.- How-
beit Craſſus anſwered more modeſtly , that if he ſaw it neceſſary tor the Commonwealth , he
would ſue to be Conſul : if not, that he would not ſtand for it. Upon theſe words, ſome were Cr4ſſs* modeſt
ſo bold ro make ſuic for the Conſulſhip, as Domirius among other. But afierwards Pompey and Ver:
Craſſus ſtanding openly for it, all the reſt left off their ſuit tor fear of them, Domirius onely ex-
cepted : whom Cato ſo prayed and entreated, as his Kinſman and Friend that he made him to ſeek
it. For he perſwaded him, that it was to fight for the defence of their liberty, and how that ic
was not the Conſulſhip Craſſus and Pompey looked after, but that they went about to bring in a
Tyranny : and that they ſued not for the Office, but to get ſuch Provinces and Armies into cheir
hands as they deſired, under colour and countenance of the Conſulſhip. Cats ringing theſe words
into their ears, and believing it certainly to be true as be ſaid, brought Domztizes as it were by
force into rhe Marker-place, where many honeſt men joyned with them : becauſe they wondered
what the matter meant, that theſe two Noble men ſhould ſue the ſecond time to be Conſuls, and
why they made ſuit to be joyned together, and not to have any other with them , conſidering
there were ſo many other worthy men, meer to be Companions with either of them both in
chat Office, Pompey fearing he thould be prevented of his purpoſe, fell ro commit-great outrage Pompey made
and violence, As amongſt other, when the day came to chuſethe Conſuls, Domiztins going early in Þimlelf and
the morning'before day, accompanied with his Friends to the place where the EleRion ſhould be ; ©74[#*_ Con-
his man that carried his Torch before him, was ſlain by ſome whom Pompey had laid in wait , ſulsby force.
and many of the company hurt , and among others, {ato, And having thus diſperſed them,
he beſet a Houſe round about whither they fled for ſuccour, and incloſed them there, untill they þ q
were both choſen Conſuls together. Shortly after they came with force to the Pulpit for Ora- Craſſis —
tions and drave {to out of the Market-place, and flew {ſome of them that reſiſted and would not fuls the ſecond
fly. They alſo then prolonged Ceſars Government of the Gaurs for five years more, and time: - /
procured for themſelves by Decree of the People , the Countries of SYrx1a and Sparn, A- |
gain, when they drew Lots together, SYR14 fell to Craſſus, and SPAIN to Pompey. Every |
man was glad of their Fortune, For the People on the one {ide were loath Pampey ſhould go far Craſſus had ths |
from Roms : and himſelf alſo loving his Wife well, was glad he had occaſion to.be ſo near her, Governmene
-that he might remain the moſt -part of his rimeat Rome. But .Craſſ#s of all other rejoyced moſt at of Syrie.
his hap, that he ſhould go into SYR1a : and it appeared plainly that he thought it was the happieſt
*turn that ever came to him, for he would ever:be talking of the Journey, were he in never ſo
great or ſtrange-company. Furthermore, being among his Friends and Familiars, he would give
-out ſuch fond Boaſts of it, as no young man .could have made greater vaunts : which was clean
contrary to his years and nature, having lived all his'life time as modeſtly , and with as ſmall
oſtentation as 'any man living. But then forgetting himſelf roo much, had ſuch fond conceits
im his head, as/he not onely hoped after the Conqueſt of SyR14, and of the PaRTHIa Ns, bur
flattered himſelf, that the world -ſhould ſee all that Z1zcals bad done againſt King T3granes, and
Pompey againſt King eMithridates, were but trifles (as.a man would ſay) to that he intended. For
the looked ro Conquer the BactRIaNSs, the INDIANS, and thegreat Ocean Sea towards the Eaſt,
though in the'Decree paſſed by the People, there was no mention made- of any Wars againſt the
ParTHIANS. Now every man -ſaw Craſſus ambition and greedy deſire of Honour : in ſo
-much. as-(zſar {Hf wrote unto -(}aſſzs out of Gaut, commending his Noble intent and forward-
-neſs, and wiſhe@him to go through'therewith. But Arteix one of the Tribunes being; bent againſt Atteius rhe
"Craſſus to withiſtand his departure : ( having divers other Confederates with him to further his pur. —_ _
-poſe, who much -miſliked that any man of a bravery and luſtineſs ſhould make War with any |
"Nation or 'Peoplethar had no way - offended the Romans, but were their Friends and Confede- FD
Tates) Craſſus tearing this conſpiracy, prayed Pompey to afliſt and accompany him out of the City,
'becauſe* he was .of great Authority and much reverenced of che People, as it appeared then, For,
-thoygh-multitudes of People were gathered together of purpole to let Craſſus of his departure and to
cry- out upon him : yet when they ſaw Pompey go before him, with a pleaſant ſmiling countenance,
they-quieted themſelves, and made a lane for thern, ſuffering them to pals on, and ſaid nothing. This
notwithſtanding, teeius the Tribune Repped before them, and commanded Crafſ#s he ſhould ner F198}
depart" the” City, with-grear proteſtations if he did the contrary. Bur- peceiving Craſſxs ſtill held on | W-\
his way norwithſtanding, he- commanded then one of the Officersto lay hold of him, and to arreſt \
him : howbeit the- other Tribunes would not ſuffer the Officersto do it. Sv the Sergeant diſmiſſed
(Faſſus. Then Hrreins rurming towards the Gates of the City, got -a Chafindiſh with Coals, and
fer it in the 'middeſt of the Street. - When-Craſſus came againſt it, he caſt in certain perfumes, and
"made fprinklings over it, pronouncing horrible Curſes, and calling upon terrible and ſtrange Names Obferwie;
of gods, TheRomans ſay, that thoſe manner of Curſes are very ancient, bur yer very fecret, and - carfings ©-
of 10 great force, a9 he that is once curſed with that Curſe can never eſcape it, nor he thatuſeth it yung the Re- |
doth never proſper after it. And therefore few men do uſe-it, and *never but upon urgent 0Cca- mans. 'F
fion, But then they much reproved - Arreins , for uſing theſe dreadfull- Ceremonies and — [
urſes,
Pompey*s ſtout
anſwer,
by
_ + Swe. we . —
+/T
CRASSVN
Craſſus journy
into Syria.
DefostrusKing
of Galatia.
Craſſus paſſerh
over the River
of Euphrates
Zenodotia ta-
ken by Craſſus
| Publius Craſſus
ah * came to his :
Father in $yr74
Great faults
commitred by -
Craſſus.”
The firlt ſign
of Craſſus ill
luck.
The Name of
Arſaces,or Ar-
ſactdes, was
common to all
the Kings of
the Parthians.
Ambaſſadours
of the Parthi-
ans ſent to
Craſſus.
Paziſce words,
AL Craſ-
ſus the palm 0
his hand.
Hyrodes King
of the Parth;-
ans .
Curſes, which were much hurrfull to the Commonwealth , alrhc __
thus curſed (Faſſus. Craſſus ſerting forward notwithſtanding , faile = J
Dus1um, when Winter ſtorms had not left rhe Seas, and he had loft ma Nis Ships 4. how-
beit he landed his Army, and marched through the Country of GataT1a, There he tound King
Demtarus, a very old man, _—_ building a new City : and to taunt himpretily, ſaid unto him;
What, O King, begin you to build now in the afrernoon ? To whom the King of the Gatar1-
ANS apain ſmiling made anſwer : and truly Sir Captain , you go not very early ( methinks )
ro make War with the PARTHIANSs. For indeed (Yaſs was threeſcore and upward, and yer
his face made him ſeem elder then he was; But to our Story again, Creſſ#s being come into
the Country, had as good luck as he looked for : for he eaſily built a Bridge upon the River of Zx-
phrates, and paſſed his Army over it without any let or trouble, Soentring into MEs0P0TAMIA,
he received many Cities that of good will yielded themſelves unto him. Howbeit there was one
City named ZenODoT 14, whereof eppolonius was Tyrant, where Craſſus loſt a hundred of his
men : thereupon he brought his whole Army thither, took it by force, ſacked their goods, and
ſold the Priſoners by the drum. The Grt xxs called this Ciry ZzNoDoTI1a, and for win-
ning of the ſame Craſſus ſuffered his men to call him Imperator, roſay, Soveraign Captain : which
turned to his ſhame and reproach, and made him td be thought of a baſe mind, as one that had ſmall
hope to attain to great things, making ſuch reckoning ot ſo ſmall a trifte. Thos when he had
beſtowed ſeven thouſand of his Footmen in Garriſon in thoſe Cities that had yielded unto him,
and about a thouſand Horſemen, he returned back to winter in SYR1a; Thither came his Son
Publius Craſſus to him out of Gaur from -7ulius Ceſar, who had given him ſuch honours,
as Generals of Rome did uſe to give ſuch valiant Souldiers for reward of their good Service : and
brought unto his Father a thouſand men of arms, all choiſe men. This methinks was the great-
eſt fault Craſſus committed in all his enterpriſe of that War, For when he ſhould prelenely
have gone on ſtill, and entred into BavyLoN and SELEucia, ( Cities that were ever Enemies
unto the PARTHIANS ) he tracted time, and gave them leiſure ro prepare to encounter his force
when he ſhould come againſt them. Again, they found great fault with him for ſpending of
his time when he lay in SYR1A , ſeeming rather to lead a Merchants life then a Chieftains,
For he never ſaw his Army, nor trained rhem out to any Martial Exerciſe, but fell to counting the
revenew of the Cities, and was many days buſily occupied weighing of the Gold and Silver in
the Temple of the goddeſs of Hierapolis. And worſe then that : he ſent to the People, Princes, and
Cities about him , to furniſh him with a certain number of men of War, and then he would
diſcharge them for a Sum of Money. All theſe things made him to be both ill ſpoken of, and
deſpiſed of every body. The firſt token of his ill luck that happened to him, came from this god-
dels Hierapolis, whom ſome ſuppoſe to be Yenws, other ſay Juno, and others, that ſhe is the Mo-
'ther and chief cauſe that giveth beginning of moiſture to every thing that cometh forth and hath a
being, and taught men the original cauſe alſo of every good thing. For as Craſſus the Father,
and Son both, were coming out of the Temple, Crafſ#s the younger fell firſt on his face, and
the Father afterwards upon his Son. Likewiſe as he was gathering his Garriſons together , cal-
ling them out of the Cities into the Field, there came Ambaſſadors unto him from Arſaces King
of the PARTHIANS ; who delivered him their meſſage in few words, and told him, that if this
Army he brought came from the Roma Ns to make War with their Maſter, then that he would
have no peace nor friendſhip with them, but would make mortal Wars againſt them. Further,
if it were (as he had heard fay ) that Craſſus againſt the Peoples minds of Rome, for his own
covetous deſire, and peculiar profit was come in a jollity to make War with the PargTHIAans,
and to invade their Country, then in that reſpet _ would deal more favourably, in con-
fideration of Craſſus years, and was contented alſo to ſuffer his men to depart with life and goody,
whom he took rather to be in Priſon, then in Garriſon within his Cities, Thereto Craſſus cou-
ragiouſly anſwered, that he would make them anſwer in the City of SELEucia, Therewith Yagi-
ſes, one of the eldeft Ambaſſadors fell a laughing, and ſhewing Craſſus the palm of his hand, told
e him thus: Hair will ſooner grow in the palm of my hand, Craſſus, then you will come to SE L eu-
CIA, In this ſort the Ambaſſadors took their leave of Craſſ#5,-and returned to their King Zy-
rodes, telling him he was to prepare for War. In the mean ſpace, certain of (7aſ#s Souldiers
whom he had left in Garriſon in the Cities of Mzs0yoTAM1A, having ſcaped marvellous dange-
_ and with great difficulty , brought him news of importance , having .chemſelves ſeen the
wonderfull great Camp of the Enemies, and their manner of fight in the aſſaults they made to the
Cities where ny lay in Garriſon, And, as it falleth out'commonly among men eſcaped from any
danger, making things more fearfull and dangerous- then they be indeed , they reported that it
was unpoſlible by flying to ſave themſelves, if they did follow in chaſe : neither to overtake them
alſo if they fled. And further, that they had ſach kind of Arrows, as would fly ſwifter then a
mans Eye could diſcern them, and would pierce through any thing they hir, before a man could
tell who ſhot them. Beſides, for the Horſemens Weapons they uſed, that they were ſuch , as
no Armour could poſſible hold out : and their Armours on the other ſide made of ſuch a temper
and mettal, as no force of ing could pierce them through. The Romans hearing theſe
news, fell from their former & | , being born in hand before, that the Par-
THIANS differed nothing at all from the Anmznians and CaranociaNns, whom LZucullus
had overcome and ſpoiled ſo oft, that he was weary withall: and they had already made account, =
thei
\ , as HS o
< atk "v4
RASSUOS. | 475
ie tediouſnels of the journey they had to make _ and
woe men that would not abide them. But then contrary to Caſſius rreaſu
Eroaks , and to be luſtily fought wirhall, Hereupon, diverſe Ca- '<* under Cr./-
harge in the Army (among whom Caſſizs the Treaſurer was one ) /*:
deliberate in councel to know whether he were beſt to 0 ON ,0Or t0 _— =
re hewag Ibelootblayers themſelves did partly let Crafſ# underſtand , thai the gods Seotdfoytne of
ſhewed no good tokens all their ſacritices,and were hardly to be pacified. But Cr4ſſ gave no ear &is 1: 1ucce(s,
to them, neither would hear any other that told himas much, but onely liſtned to them that counſel- - FIabazes
led him to make haſte. Yet A aſſm chiefeſt comfort and incouragement , was of Artabazes King of ,;, >. ©
ARMENIA, who» came to his Camp with ſix thouſand horſe , which were but onely the Kings Cor- Craſſur cam.
net and Guard. Again , he promiſed him other ten thouſand horſmen all armed and barbed , and
thirty thouſand footmen which he kept continually in pay , and counſelled {afſw to enter the Par-
THIANS Countrey upon ARMENIAN fide : becauſe his Camp ſhould not onely have plenty of
victuals, which he would ſend him out of his Countrey , but for that he ſhould alſo.march in more
ſafery, having a Countrey full of mountains and woods betore him , very ill tor horſemen , which
was the onely ſtrength and force of the PARTHIANS. (aſus coldly thanked Artabizcs for his ©
good will, and all his noble offer of aid : yer rold him he would take his journey through Mz 50-
POTAMIA , Where he had left many good ſouldiers of the Romans, And thus departed the _
King of ARMEN1A from him, But now as Craſſus was paſling bis Army upon the bridge he had Wondertull
made over the River of Exphrates, there fell our ſudden ſtrange and terrible cracks of thunder , with a Rs Craſe
fearfuil aſhes of lightning tull in the ſouldiers faces : morevver , out of a great: black cloud came a ſus.
wonderfull ſtorm and tempeſt of wind upon the bridge , that the maryellous force thereof overthrew
a great part of the bridge , and carried it quite away. Beſides all this , the place where he appointed
to lodge , was twice ſtricken with two great thunder claps. One of his great horſes in like caſe, being
bravely furniſhed and ſet out; rook the bit in his teeth, leapt into the River with the rider on his
back , who were both drowned , and never ſeen after. They ſay alſo, that the firſt Eagle and Enſign
that was to be taken up when they marched , turned. back of it ſelf , without. any hands laid upon
it. Further it fortuned that as they were diſtributing the victuals/ unto the ſouldiers ,” after they had
all paſſed over the-bridge , the firſt thing that was given them, was ſalt and water Jjntels , which the
Romans take for a token of death and mourning , becauſe by uſe it atthe funerals of the dead.
Afer all this, when Craſſ#s was.exhorting his ſouldiers , a wor {caped his mouth that troubled the
Army marvellouſly. For he told then\ , that be had broken the. bridge which he had made over the
River Exphrates , of purpoſe ,. becauſe there ſhould not a man of. them return back again. Where
indeed when- he had ſeen that they took this word in ill part, he ſhould have called ic in again , or
have declared his meaning , ſeeing his men ſo amazed thereatz -but he made light of it , he was fo
wilfull, In the end he made ordinary ſacrifice for the purging- of his Army: and when the Sooth-
ſayer gave him the intrails of the beaſt that was ſacrificed , they fell out of his hands. Craſſm=s
perceiving that the ſtanders by were troubled withall , fell a laughing, and told them. You ſee what
age is: yet ſhall you not ſee my ſword fall out of my band. So having ended his ſacrifice, he began
to march forward. into the.Countrey by the Rivers {ide , with ſeven legions of footmen, and little Craſſus Army
lack of four thouſand horſe, and in manner as many ſhor and fling lightly armed, There returned Ws fifry thou
to him certain of his Scouts that had viewed the Countrey , and told himchere was nor an enemy ſand men.
to be ſeen in the field , howbeit that they had found, the track, of a marvellous number of horſe,
which ſeemed as if rhey were returned back. Then. Craſſ#s firſt of all began to hope well : and
' his ſouldiers alſo they fell to deſpiſe the PARTHIANS:, thinking certainly that,they, would not come
to bartell with them; Yet Craſſ#« his treaſurer ever perſwaded him the contrary , and thought it
better for him to refreſh his Army a little in one of the Cities where he had his Garriſon, uncill ſuch
time as he heard more certain news of the Enemies: or elſe that he would march rectly towards
S2LEuc1a by the River fide, which lay fit fot him to victuall himſelf eafily by boats that would
always follow. his Camp and ſhould be ſure beſides rhat the enemies could not. enyiron him behind,
ſothat having no way to ſet upon them bur” before , they ſhould have none advantage of them.
Craſſus going about then to conſult of rhe matter , there came one Ariamnes unto, him, 2 Captain of
the ARAB1ANS, a fine ſubtill fellow , which. was the greateſt miſchief and evill that fortune cou!d 4riomns, a
ſend to Craſſus at that preſent time, to bring him to utter ruine and deſtruRion. For there were ps.”
ſome of Craſſus ſouldiers that had ſerved Pompey before in that Countrey , who knew him very ©"
well , and remembred that Pompey had done him great pleaſures : whereupon they thought that
he bare go00d will to the Romans. But Ariamnes had been laboured at that time by the King
of ParTH1ANS Captains, and was won by them to deceive Czafſws , and to entice him all he
could to draw him = the River and the Woody Countrey , and to bring him into the plain
field , where they might compaſs him in with-their horſemen , for they meant nothing leſs then
to fight with the Roma ns at the ſwords point. This barbarous Captain A4riames coming
to Craſſus , did highly praiſe and commend Pompey , as his good Lord and benefactor ( for he was
an excellent {poken man ) and extolled Craſſ# Army , reproving him that he came too {lowly tor-
ward, tracting,.time in, that ſort as hedid , preparing himſelf as though he had need of Armour |, .
and weapon, and not of feet and hands ſwift and ready againſt the enemies : who ( for the chiefeſt of - —_—
them ) had of long: time occupied themſelves to flie with their beſt moveables, rowards the deſarts = o
of ScytHIA and HYRCANI1a, Therefore if you rr ſaid he) ro fight, it were good you =
S A
—
Gee i. ee em rIIR -—_
IIS
—
CR ds
p
4-76
CRASSUY
Surena and Sile
laces Arſaces
Licutenants,
Surena ſent a-
gainſt Craſſus,
Surena what he
Was.
Swureng's Courr
and train.
Surcns a young
man, bur very
wiſe.
Artabazes ſent
an Ambaſlage
unto Craſſus.
Craſſus wilful-
neſs.
haſt to meet them , before the King have gathered all
S*rena and Syllaces , two of his Lieutenants againſt you's
you follow him not : and for the King himſelf , behold he m
in all. For King Hyrodes had divided his Army in two parts at the'T
and went to ſpoil the Realm of Ax MEN1A , tobe revenged of King a
he ſent $Sre»s againſt the ROMaNs , not for any contempt he Craſſs snotlike-
ly he would diſdain to come to battell with him, being one of the chicfeſt Noblemen of Rowe, and
to think it more honourable to make war with King Artabazes in ARMENIA ) but I think rather
he did it of purpoſe to avoid the greater danger , and to keep far off, that he might with ſafety ſee
what would happen, and therefore ſent S*rexa before to hazard battell, and to turn the Romans
back again, For Szrena was no mean man , but the ſecond perſon of ParTH1A next unto the
King , in riches, reputation, valour and experience in wars, the chiefeſt of his time among all che Par-
THIANS , and for execution , no man like him. S»yex4 when he did but remove mto the Countrey
onely with his houſhold , had a thouſand Camels to carry his Sumpters , and two hundred Coaches of
Curtiſans , a thouſand men of Arms armed at all pieces, and as many mo befides lightly armed ; ſo
that his whole train and Court made above ten thouſand horſe. Further , by the tenure of that land
he had by ſucceffion from his anceſtors, his Office was at the firſt proclaiming of any King , to put the
Royall Crown or Diadem upon the Kings head. Moreover, he had reſtored King Hyroges that then
reigned, to his Crown, who had been before driven out of his Realm ; and had won him the great Ci-
ty of SELEuc 14 , himſelf being the firſt man that ſcaled the walls, and overthrew them with his own
hands thar reſifted him. And though he was under thirty years of age , yet they counted him a wiſe
man , as well for his counſell as his experience , which were the means whereby he overcame Cyaſſ us :
who throughrhisraſhneſs and folly at the firſt, and afterwards for very fear and timorouſneſs , which
his misfortune had brought him unto , was eafte tro be taken and intrapped, by any. policy or deceit,
Now this barbarous Captain 4riamnes having then brought {7aſſss to believe all that he ſaid , and
drawn him by perſwafion from rhe River of Enphrates , unto a goodly plain Countrey , meeting at
firſt with very good way , but after with very ill , becauſe they entred into ſands where their feet
ſunk deep , Ul, into deſert fields where was neither tree nor water , nor any end of them that they
could diſcern by eye ; ſo that not ' onely extream thirſt, and miſerable way marvellouſly amazed the
Romans; bur the diſcomfort' of theeye alſo, when they could ſee nothing to Rtay their fight up-
on : thac dbove 'i1{ the reft , wrought their extream trouble, For neither far nor near any fighc
of Tree, River, Brook, Mountain;Grafs, or green Herb appeared within their view , but in troth an
endleſs ſea 6f Qeſert ſands on every fide round about their Camp. Then began they to ſuſpe& that
they were betrayed. Again , when news came that Artabazes King of ARMENT a , was kept in his
Countrey with'a great war King Hyrodes made upon him , which kept him that he could not accor-
ing to his promiſe come to aid him, yet that he wiſhed him to draw towards ARME N1 a , that both
their Armies being joyned to , they might the better fight with King Hyrodes : if not , that he
would always keepthe Woody Countrey , marching in thoſe vallies places where his horſemen
might be #xf..-and about the mountains : {+aſſ«s was ſo willfull, as he would write no anſwer to it ,
but angerly rold the meſſenger , that he had no leiſure then to hearken to the ARMENIANS, but
that afterwards he would be avenged well enough of Artabazes treaſon. Cafſixs his treaſurer was
much offended with Craſſzs for his anſwer : howbeit perceiving he could do no good with him, and
that he took eyery thing in ill part , he ſaid unto him, he would tell him no more. Notwithſtand-
ing, taking Ariamns this Captain of the ARMENIANS aſide , he rebuked him roundly, and faid :
O'thouwretch whit curſed devill hach broughr thee to us , and —_— haft thou bewitched
and charmed' Cyaſſ# , that thou haſt made him bring his Army into this endleſs deſert, and to trace
this way fitter for an Ar 4 gs om yr es mo or Sagem: of the Ro-
MANS ? _Ariamyes being crafty and ſubt! gently unto Caſ/i#;,did comfort him,and prayed
himto eterroarn going and coming by the bands , ſeeming ro-help the ſouldiers , he oy
them merrily : O my fellows, I believe you think to marchthrough the Countrey of Nayres,
and look to meet with your pleaſant (prings, goodly groves of wood , your natural baths, and the
good Inns round about to refreſh you , and do not remember that you paſs through the deſerts of
ARaB1a and ASSYRIA, And thus did this barbarous Captain entertain the ROMANS 2
while : but afterwards he diſlodged betimes, before he was openly known for a traitour , and yet
not without Craſſs privity , whom he bare in hand , that he would go and fer ſome broil and
rumult in the enemies Camp. It is reported that Crafſ#s the very. fame day came out of his Tent
not in his coat' armour of Scarlet ( as the manner was of the ROMA x Generals ) but ina black coat :
howbeit , remembring himſelf, he ſtraight changed it again. It is ſaid moreover, that the Enſign-
bearers when they ſhould march away, had much ado to pluck their' Enfigns out of the ground ,
they ſtuck ſo faſt. But Craſſw ſcoffing at the matter, haſtened them the more to march forward,
compelling the footmen to .go as faſt as the horſemen ,' till a few of their Scouts came in , whom they
had ſent-to diſcover : who brought news how -the enemies had flain their fellows , and whar
ado they had themſelves to ſcape with life , and that they were a niarvellous great Army , and well
appointed to give them battell, This news 'made all- the Camp afraid ,- but Cris ſelf more then
the reſt , ſo as he began to ſer his men in barrell ray , being for haſt in manner beſides himſelf, At
Q.
| the firſt following Ca/ius mind, he fer his ranks wide; caſting his ſouldiers into a ſquarebateell
2 g00d way aſumder one from another , becauſe he would take in -as much of the plain as '
could ,
FoOS 477 _
in, and ſo divided the horſemen into the wings.
tEraighted" the barrel] of his foormen , faſhioning it Crzſis army
&Aa front and fhewing their faces every way.” For there 9gaiaſt the
ed on” either fide, and by every Cohort a company of horſe, *i=*-
r with out-2id of horſemen , and that all his battell ſhould be alike --* :
d Fiheleading of one wing; his fon Publius Craſſus the other,and him-
ſelf led the BaucalF it Fnte deft. In this order they marched forward, till he came to a little brook
called Bal;ſſs: , wherethete'was no grear tore of water , but yer happily lighted on. for the ſouldiers,
for the great thirſt and extream hear they had abidden all-thar- paintull: way,, where they ' had mer
withno water before. There the moſt” part of Craſſus Captains choughr beſt to-Camp:all night,
that they might in the mean. time find means to know their enemies what number they were , and
how they were armed , that they might fight with them'inthe morning; Bur: Cyaſſzs yeelding to his
ſons and his horſemens perſwaſton , who intreated him ro march on with his Army ,-and-'to ſet upon
the enemies preſently : commanded , that fuch as would ear ,' ſhould eat ſtanding,keeping their ranks:
Yet 'on the ſuddain , before this commandnient could run through the whole Army , hecommand-
ed them again to march, not fair and ſoftly , as when they go ro give: battell ,, bur with ſpeed, till
they ſpied the enemies, who ſeemed not to the ROMA Ns ar the firſt to beſo great a number , nei-
ther ſo bravely armed as they thought they had been, For , concerning their great number, $rexa
had of purpoſe hid them , with certain troops he ſent before : and to hide their bright armour , he
had caſt cloaks and beaſts skins over them , bur when borh the Armies approached near the one to the 5... fs Gaz
other, and that the ſign to give charge was lift up in the air : 'firſt they filled the field with a dread- tageme for the
full noiſe to hear, For the PakTH1AaNSs do not encourage their men to. fight with the ſound of a hiding of his
Horn , neither with Trumpers nor Howboies , but with great Kettle -Drums hollow within, and a- *""y- :
bout them they hang little Bells and Copper rings , and with them they all*make a noifeevery where _— bel
rogether , and it is like a dead ſound,mingled as it were with the braying or bellowing of a wild beaft, th;2ns. —_
and a fearfull noiſe as if it thundred , knowing that hearing is one of the' ſenſes-:that ſooneſt moveth The Purthiens
the heart and ſpirit of any man, and makerh him ſooneſt beſide himſelf, The Rouans being kettle drums.
putin fear with this dead found , the PaRTHIANs ftraight threw the cloaths and coverings from
them that hid their armour , and then ſhewed their bright Helmets and Curaces of Margian tempered
Steel , that glared like fire , andtheir horſes barbed with Steel and Copper.” And S«rena alſo, Ge- The perſon of
neral of the PaxTH1aNns, who was a goodly perſonage, and as valiant as any other in all his hoſt, — — rok
though his beauty ſomewhat effeminate , in judgement ſhewed ſmall likelihoed of any ſuch courage : ral of the Þgr-
for he painted his face , and ware his hair after the faſhion of the MeSts , contrary to the manner !hians de-
of the PaRTHIANS , who let their hair grow atter the faſhion 'of the TarT ars-:without [cribed,
combing or tricking of them , to appear more terrible to their enemies. ' The PARTHIAN'S at the
firſt thought to have ſer upon the Ro 4 Ns with their Pikes , to ſee if thay could break their firſt
ranks, But when they drew near, and ſaw the depth of the Roma s 'battell ſtanding cloſe to-
gether , firmly keeping their ranks , then they gave back , making as though they fled ; and diſperſ-
ed themſelves. But the Roma xs marvelled when they found it contrary, and that .ir was bur a
device to environ them on every ſide. Whereupon Craſſzs commanded his thot and light armed men
to aſſail them , the which they 'did : but they went not far, they were ſo beaten m with Arrows
end driven to retire to their force of the armed men, And this was the firſt beginning that both fear-
ed and troubled the Romans , when they ſaw the vebemency and great force of the enemies ſhot,
which brake their armours, and ran through any thing they hit, were it never ſo hard or ſoft. The
PARTHIANS thus till drawing back, {hot alrogether on every fide, not aforehand , bur at adven- The pprih;cn;
ture: for the battell of the Romans ſtood ſo near together , as if they would, they could nor foughe retiring.
miſs he killing of ſome. Theſe Bowmen drew a great ſtrength and had big ſtrong Bowes , which
ſent the Arrows from them with a wonderfull force. The Romans by means of theſe Bows were
in hard ſtate, For if they kept their ranks, oy were grievoully wounded : again, if they left them ,
and ſought to run upon the PaRTHIANs to fight at hand withthem, they ſaw they could do them
bur little hurt, and yet were very likely to take the greater harm themſelves. For as faſt as the Ro.. The manner of
MANS came upon them, ſo faſt did the PAxTH1 As flie from them, and yet in flying continued fill - - <—pm——_
their ſhooting : which no Nation but the Scy TH1aNns could better do then they , being a matter _
indeed moſt greatly to' their advantage. For by their flight they beſt do fave themſelves , and fight-
ing ſtill, they thereby ſhun the ſhame of thar their flying. The Roma ws ſtill defended them-
ſelves, and held it out ſo long as they had any hope thatche PanxTHta Ns would leave fighting when
they had ſpent their Arrows, or would joyn battell with them. Bur after they underſtood that
there were a great number of Camels loden with quivers full of Arrows, where the firſt that had
beſtowed their Arrows , fetched about to rake new quivers : then Craſs#s ſeeing no end of their
ſhor , began to faint , and fent ro Pablins his ſon , willing him in any caſe to charge upon the ene-
mies, and to give an onſet, before they were compaſſed in on every fide. For it was on Pablins
hide , that ofe of the Wings of the enemies battell was neareſt unto them, and where they rode up
and down to compaſs them behind, Whereupon Craſſ#s fon taking thirteen hundred horſemen
with him ( of the which, a thouſand were of the men of Armes whom 7alixs Ceſar ſent ) and five
hundred ſhot , with eight Enſigns of foormen having targets, moſt near to-the place where him-
ſelf then was : he put them out in breadth , that wheeling about they might give a charge upon them
thatrode up and down. But they ſeeing him — , turned ſtraight their horſe and fled , either 7
St 2 caule
C R | 7
cauſe they mer in a Mariſh , or elſeof purpoſeto
far from his father as they could, Publius Craſſus
abide us ; and ſo ſpurred on for life after them : io GigÞ
a Senator of ROME a very eloquent man, the other"
The praiſe of them Cyaſſs well approved friends , and in manner of his'own” |
Cenſorinus vnd RO YAM being trained out thus to the chaſe, their foorihen WG For
Megabacebur, 11,7 themſelves to have leſs hope , joyand courage, then their horſemen Bd nor they though:
all had been won , and that there was no moreto do, but to follow the chaſe* till they were gone
far from the Army , and then they found the deceit, For the horſemen that fled before them, 1ſud-
denly turned again , and a number of others beſides came and ſet upon them, Whereupon they
ſtayed, thinking that the enemies perceiving they were ſo few, would come and fight with them hand
$0 hand. Howbeit they ſer our againſt them their men at arms with their barbed horſe, and made
"3p PER their light horſmen wheel round about them , keeping no order at all : who galloping up and down
The miſerable the plain, whirled up the ſand hills from the bottom with their horſe feet , which raiſed ſuch a won-
fight. of the qertull duſt, that the ROMans could ſcarce ſee or ſpeak one to another. For they being ſhut up
the Parcbiace. into a little room, and ftanding cloſe oneto another , were ſore wounded with the PaxTH1a ns
: © Arrows, anddied of a cruell lingringdeath , crying out for anguiſh and pain they felt : and turning
and tormenting themſelves upon the ſand , they brake their Arrows ſticking in them, Again , ftri-
ving by force to pluck out the forked Arrow heads that had pierced far into their bodies through
their veins and finews, thereby they opened their wounds wider , and ſo caft themſelves away, Ma-
ny of them died thus miſerably martyred : and ſuch as died not, were not able to defend themſelves.
Then when P «blins (raſſos prayed and beſought them to charge the men at Armes with the barbed
horſe , ſhewed him their hands faſt nailed to the Targets with Arrows, and their feet likewiſe
ſhot through and nailed to the ground : ſo as they could neither flic nor yer defend themſelves. There-
upon himſelf encouraging his horſemen , went and gave charge, and did valiantly ſer upon the ene-
mies , but it was with too great diſadvantage , both for offence , and alſo for defence. For himſelf
and his men with weak and light ſtaves , brake upon them that were armed with Curaces of Steel,
or ſtiff Leather jacks, And the PAxtm1a Ns in contrary manner with mighty ſtrong Pikes gave
charge upon. theſe GauL zs, which were either unarmed , or elſe but lightly armed. Yer thoſe were
they ini/wham Craſſas moſt truſted , having done wonderfull fears of war with them, For they
received! the PARTHI1 A NS Pikes in their and took them about the middles , and threw them
off theirhorſe , where they 'lay on the ground , and could not tir for the weight of their harneſs :
and there were divers of them alſo that lighting from their horſe , lay under their enemies horſe
bellies , and. thruſt their ſwords into them, Their horſe flinging and bounding in the air. for very
pain threw their maſters under feet , and their enemies one upon another , and in the end fell dead
among \them, Moreover , extream heat and thirſt did marvellouſly cumber the GauLzs , who
were uſed to abide neither of both : and the moſt part of their horſe were lain , charging with all
their power upon the men at Arms of the PaxTHIANS , and fo ran themſelves in upon the
points of their Pikes. - Atthe length , they were driven toretire towards their footmen, and Publius
Craſſus — , who was very ill by reaſon of the wounds, he had received. And ſeeing a
fand hill by chance not far from them, they went thither , and ſetting their horſe in the mid-
deft of it, compaſſed it in round with their Targets , thinking by this means to cover and defend
themſelyes the better from the barbarous people : howbeit they found it contrary. For the Count
being plain , ys the foremoſt ranks did ſomewhat cover them behind , but they that were behind,
Rtandin higher then they that ſtood foremoſt ( by reaſon of the nature of the hill that was higheſt in
the middeR) could by no means fave themſelves , but wereall hurt alike, as well the one as the other,
bewailing their own miſeries and misfortune , that muſt needs die without revenge, ordeclaration
of their _— At that _ Ry _ _ two GR - I - NS _— Publius Craſſus, Hitro-
. 2m, and 2 5chomachus , who dwelt in thoſe quarters, inthe City of CarxREs : they both coun-
Sud þ felled Publius Craſſss to ſteal away with them , and to flie toa City called Is can ms. On was not
Iſebnes, a City. far from thence , and took the ROMANs part, But Pxblius anſwered them, that there was no
death ſo crue! as could make him forſake them that died for his ſake, When he had ſo ſaid, wiſhing
them to ſave themſelves , he embraced them, and took his leave of them : and being very fore hurt
with the ſbot of an Arrow through one of his hands , commanded one of his Gentlemen to thruſt
2 PEP" him through with a ſword”, and fo turned his fide to him for the purpoſe, It is reported {*»/orinus
Publius Craf. did the like. But e Hegabacchns flew himſelf with his own hands, and ſo did the moſt part of the
(us. Gentlemen that were of that company. And for thoſe that were left alive, the PaxTH1ans got
up the ſand hill, and fighting with them , thruſt them through with their Spears and Pikes, and rook
but five hundred priſoners, After that , ſtroke off Publins Craſſus head , and thereupon return-
ed ſtraight to ſet upon his Father Craſſ*s , who was then in this ſtate. Craſſ*s the Father, after he had
willed his ſon to charge the enemies, and that one brought him word he broken them, and pur-
ſued the chaſe : and perceiving alſo that they that remained in their great battell , did not preſs upon
him ſo near as they did before , becauſe that a great number of them were gone after the other for
reſcue : he then began to be lively again, and keeping his men cloſe , retired with them the beſt he
could by a hills fide, looking ever that his ſon would not be long before that he returned from the
chaſe, But P»blius ſeeing himſelf in danger , had ſent divers meſlengers to his Father, to advertiſe
him of his diſtreſs , whomthe PARTHIANS intercepted and flew by the way z and the _ mel-
engers
478
Ki4
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" f wy :
c FROM #1 0 ”
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———— CO
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hardly , brought Craſz news , that his ſon was but caſt away, if he
d that with a great power, Theſe news were grievous to Craſſzs in
Ws *: firſt4 the had , ſeeing himſelf in danger to loſe all : and ſecondly , tor the
vehement defirc he ha £0: to his ſons help. Thus he ſaw in reaſon all would come to nought , and
in fine determined to £0 with all his power to the reſcue of his Son. But in the mean time the ene-
mies were returned from his Sons overthrow , with a moredreadfull noiſe and cry of viRory , then
ever before : and therenpon their deadly ſounding drums filled the air with their wonderfull noiſe;
The Roma ws then looked ſtraight for a hot alarm, But the PagtH A ns that brought Pub-
lius Craſſus head upon the point of a Launce , coming neer to the Romans, ſhewed them his
head , and asked them in deriion , if they knew what houſe he was of, and who were his parents :
for it is not likely ( ſaid they ) that ſo noble and valiant a young man, ſhould be the Son of ſo cowardly
a Father , as Craſſus. The light of Publius Craſſus head killed the Rowaws hearts more then any
other danger they had been in at any time in all the batrell, For it did not ſer their hearts on fire
as it ſhould have done , with anger , and defire of revenge : bur far otherwiſe , made them quake for
fear , and ſtroke them ſtark dead to behold it, Yet Craſſus ſelf ſhewed greater courage in this mil.
fortune , then he before had done in all the war beſide, For riding by every band he cried out a-
loud : The grief and ſorrow of this loſs ( my fellows ) is no mans but mine , mine onely : but the
noble ſuccels and honour of ROME remaineth til] unvincible , ſo long as you are yer living, Now
if you pity my loſs of ſo noble and valiant a Son, my good ſouldiers, tet me intreat you to turn
your ſorrow into fury ; make them dearly buy the joy they have gotten : be revenged of their
cruelty , and let not my misfortune fear you. For why, aſpiring minds ſometime muſt needs ſuſtain
loſs. © Luculns overcame not T igranes, nor Scipio, Antiochus , but their blood did pay for it, Our
& anceſtors in old time loſt a thouſand ſhips, yeain ITAL 1s divers armies and Chieftains for the
« conqueſt of S1c1114a: yet for all the lols of chem, at the length they were viRorious over
« them , by whom they were before vanquiſhed. For the Empire of ROME came not to that great-
* neſs it now is at, by good fortune onely , but by patience and conſtant ſuffering of trouble and
« adverſity , never yeelding or giving place unto any danger, Craſſ#s uſing theſe perſwaſions to en-
courage his ſouldiers for reſolution , found that all his words wrought none effeR : but contrarily,
after he had commanded them to give the ſhout of bartell, he plainly ſaw their hearts were done,
for that their ſhout roſe but faint, and not all alike.” The Part rians onthe other fide their
ſhout was great , and luſtily they rang it our, Now when they came to joyn , the Pak THI Aa ws
Archers on horſeback compaſling in the Ro MANS upon the wings , ſhot an infinite number of
Arrows at their ſides, Buy their men at Armes giving charge upon the front of the Romans
batrell with their great Lances, compelled them to draw into a narrow room , a few excepted, that
valiantly, and in deſperate manner ran in among them , as men rather deſiring ſo to die, then to be
Nain with their Arrows , where they could do the PakxtTHIANS almoſt no hurt at all. So were
they ſoon diſpatcht , with the great Lances that ran them through , head , wood and all , with ſuch
a force , as oftentimes they ran through two at once. Thus when they had fought the whole day,
night drew on , and made them retire, ſaying, they would give Cyaſſu chat nights reſpite, ro lamens
and bewail his Sons death - unleſs that otherwiſe he wiſely looking about him , thought it better
for his ſafery to come and offer himſelf tro King Arſaces mercy, then to tarry to be brought untohim
by force. So the PaxTH1aNs camping hard by the ROMA Ns, were in very good hope to 0-
verthrow him the next morning. The ROMA Ns on the other fide had a marvellous ill night, ma-
king no reckoning to bury their dead , nor to dreſs their wounded men that died in miſerable pain :
but every man bewailed his hard fortune , when they ſaw not one of them could eſcape, if they
tarried till the morning. On the other ſide , todepart inthe night through that deſart , their woun-
ded men did grieve them much. Becauſe , to carry them ſo away,they knew it would lett their flight ;
and yetto leave them ſo behind , their pirifull cries would give the enemies knowledge of their depar-
ture. Now though they all thought Craſſus the onely author of their miſery , yer were they deſirous
to ſee his face , and to bim ſpeak. But Crafſns went aſide withour light , and laid him down
with his head covered , becauſe he would ſee no man , ſhewing thereby the common ſort an example
of unſtable fortune : and the wiſe men , a good learning to know the fruits of ill counſell , and vain
ambition, that had ſo much blinded him , as he could not be content ro command ſo many thouſand
men, but thought ( as a man would ſay ) himſelf the meaneſt of all other , and one that poſſeſt no-
thing, becauſe he was accounted inferiour unto two perſons onely , Pompey and Ceſar. Notwith-
andiag , Oftaviys one of his Chieftains, and Casþ#s the Treaſurer , made him riſe, and ſought to
comfort him the beſt they could. - But in theend , ſeeing him ſo overcome with ſorrow , and out of
heart , that he had no life nor ſpirit in him, they themſelves called the Caprains and Centurions to-
gether, and fate in councill for their departure , and ſo agreed that there was no longer tarrying for
them, Thus of their own authority at the firſt they made the Army march away withour any
ſound of Trumpet or other noiſe. But immediately after , they that were left hurt and fick , and
could not follow , ſeeing the Camp remove , fell a crying out and tormenting themſelves in ſuch
"fort, that the filled the whole Camp with ſorrow , and pur them out of all order with the great
moan and loud lamentation : ſo as the foremoſt rank that firſt diſlodged , fell into a marvellous
fear, thinking they had been the enemies that had come and ſet upon them. Then turning oft ,
and ſetting themſelves in bartell ray , one while loading their beaſts with the wounded men , ano-
ther while unloading them again , they were left behind , having three bundred — _
cape
ESſ3
Craſſas oration
to his louldiers
when his hearc
was tull of for-
row,
Craſſus an ex-
ample of for-
runes incon-
Rancy.
Craſſus flying.
<
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« ITY
480 CRASS
|S
ſcaped , who came about midnight tothe City of CaxREs, Ty
Coponius Go- watch on the walls, and ſpake in the Latine tongue. Who anſwering ,
vernour of Gyoyernour of the Town , that Craſ5ws bad fought a great batrell THt Id faic
F rooukey M*- no more, neither told he what he was : but rode on ſtill , till he came to ch&ballle which Crain: bad
p made over Emzphrates. Yet this word Jonaties gave to the watch to tell Coponmegi lerved Craſſue turn
very well. For Coponins thought by this great haſte of his , and rhe ſhort confuſed ſpeech he made,
paſting on his way , that he had no good news to tell them : wherefore he ſtraight Armed his ſoul-
diers, and underſtanding that Crafſes was returning back , went to meet him, and.brought him and
his Army into the City of Caxkxts. TheParTHIANS knew well enough of the removing of
the Rowans Camp, but yet would not follow them in the night, but the next morning entring
into their Camp where they lay , ſlew all that were left behind , which were above four thouſand
men : and riding after them that were gone, took many ſtragglers inthe plain, Among them there
was Barguntings ; one of Craſſus Lieutenants , who ſtayed in the night out of the Army with four
whole enfigns, and having loſt his way , got a hill , where the Pax THI a Ns beſieged him , flew
The valiane= him and all his company , though he valiantly there defended himſelf: yet twenty of them onely e-
nels of twenty ſcaped., who with their ſwordsdrawn in their hands , running forwards with their heads, thruft in a.
_ mongf the thickeſt of the PaxTHIANS : They wondering at their deſperation, opened of them-
ſelves, and ſuffered them to march on towards the City of Cares. In the mean time falſe newes
was brought to S»rexa, how Craſſus with all the chiefeſt men of his hoſt was fled, and that the great
number that were received into the City of CARREs were men of all ſorts gathered together , and
not a man of any quality or eſtimation. $S»rexa thereupon thinking he had loft the honour of
his viory , yet ſtanding in ſome doubt of it , becauſe he would know the truth, that he might ei-
ther beſiege the City of CarrEs, or purſue after Craſſ# : ſent one of his interpreters to the
A ftratagem walls of the City , charging him to call for Craſſws or Caſſius , and to tell them that S»rena would
of Surens., parle with them. The interpreter did as he was commanded. Word was brought to Caſs , and he
accepted parlence, Shortly after alſo , thither came certain ſouldiers of the Ax a B1aNns from the
Camp of the PaxTH1aNs , who knew Craſſus and Caſſizs very well by ſight , having divers
times ſeen them in their Camp before the battel]l, Theſe Arapians ſeeing Caſſius upon the walls
told him , that S#rena was contented to make peace with them, and to ler them go ſafely, as his maſters
g60d friends, ſo that they would ſurrender MEs0 pot ama into the King of the ParRTH1ans
hands, and how they thought that was the beſt way for both parties, rather then to be enforced unto
itby extreamity. Caſſius thought this a good offer , and told them , that they muſt appoint the day
and place, where Craſſus and Syrena ſhould meet to talk together of the matter. The ARan1ans
made anſwer they would do it ; and ſo departed. Syreya hearing this , was glad he had them at ſuch
advantage , where he might beſiege them. -The next day he brought all his Army before.the City of
CarREs. There the ParTH1aNs marvellouſly reviled' the Romans , and told them , they
muſt deliver them Craſſ#s and Caſſixs bound hands and feet , if they would have any grace or peace
with them. The Roma Ns were marvellouſly offended that they were thus deceived , and told Craſ-
{as that it was no boot any longer to look for aid of the ARME N1A Ns, but preſently to flie : how-
= TTY beit to keep in ſecret in any wiſe from any of the Ca RRENIANS , till the very hour of their de-
1 ag parture, Yet _— ſelfhad told it to Anaromachus the verieſt traitor and villain in all the City,
Craſſus. whom he had choſen to be his guide. This traitor e4xdromachs advertiſed the enemies in every point,
of their purpoſe arid departure. But becauſe the PARTHIANS do never uſe to fight in the night,and
The Parthians that it wasa hard matter to bring them to it, and agzin that Craſſ#s departed in the night time :
donever fight 4, 1, ,machns was afraid leſt the Romans would win ſuch ground before the PagTHIANS , as
a ham they could not poſſibly overtake them the next day. Therefore of purpoſe he ſometime brought them
one way , other while another way , and at the aft , brought them into a great Bog or Mariſh , full
of deep holes and ditches, and where they muſt needs make many turns , and returns before they
could get out again , and yet very hardly. Whereupon , ſome in the Army began to miſtruſt, thar
Andromathus meant no good, to turn and toſsrhem up and down in that fort, and therefore would
follow him no more : inſomuch as Caſſius among others, returned towards the City of Carre s
again , from whence they came. And when his =_ ( who were ARA BIANS ) counſelled him to
rarry there till the Moon were out of the ſign of Scorpio , he anſwered them : I fear the ſign of $4-
_ gentle Fitary more. Soas ſoon as he could, he took his way towards AsSY RIA with five hundred horſe-
{traighrs.
men. And other of the Army alſs having faithfull guides , recovered a Countrey of the mountains,
called Sinnaca, and retired into a ſafe place before the break of day ; and they were about five hun-
dred men, whom O#avins a noble man had in charge. But theday ſtole upon Craſſ#s, hunting up and
down yet in the Mariſh , in thoſe ill favoured places, into the which Andromachas that traitor had of
purpoſe brought him, having with him four enfigns of footmen all with Targets, and very few horſe-
men , and five Sergeants that carried the Axes and Rods before him , with whom, with much ado and
great labour he got into the right way when the enemies were almoſt upon him,and that he was within
twelve furlongs of joyning with O/Zavixs. There in haſte he had gotten a hill, which was not ſo ſteep
for horſemen, neither of ſuch ſtrength as the other hills were , called S;»»aces ; yet under them, and
joyning to them by a long hill chat runneth along the-plain, ſo as Ofttavis plainly ſaw the danger
Craſſus was in, Thereupon he firſt ran down the hills with a few of his 'men that followed him : bur
after alſo came all the reſt, ſaying they were cowards if they ſhould tarry behind. At their coming they
gave ſuch a hot onſet upon the PaxTHIANS , that they made them give back from that hill : and
com-
_— —— > -—— = ——<-S > > > — —
_
— _
[a7 ASSUS © 481
CD EEE
— —
FEver an A RT H 1.4 NS, ſhould touch the body of their Generall , before they were The —YY
flain r ano har chey had fought it out to the laſt man in his defence, Hereupon $y-:4 nets of th. #4.
perceiving the Pax T FINS were not {o couragious as they were wont to be , and that if night came 4" ſouldicrs
upon them , and that the Romans did once recover the high mountains, they could never poſti. *2*bcir Chief.
bly be met withall again: he thought cunningly to beguile Cr; once more by this device. He let
certain priſoners go of purpoſe, before whom he made his men give out this ſpeech , That the King a,,.,
. - : = h-r - 1F
of PARTH1A would have no mortall war with the Rowans ; but far otherwiſe : he rather deſired covey; c. - |
DS © WS 8 5.4
their friendſhip , by ſhewing them ſome notable favour, as to uſe Craſſu very courteouſly. And to
give colour ro this bruit , he called his men from fight, and going himſelt in perſon towards Craſſus,
with the chiefeſt of the nobility of tus hoaſt, in quiet manner , his Bow unbent , he held out his righs
hand, and called Craſss to talk with him of peace , and faid unto him : Though the Romans had g.,,,.:. "Y
telt the force and power of their King , it was againſt his will, for he could do no leſs but defend him- fpecch to Crafe |
, felf; howbeir that now he was very willing and deſirous to make them taſte of his mercy and clemen- /:.
cy , and was contented to make peace with them , and to let them go ſafely where they would. All
the ROMANS beſides Craſſus were glad of Surena's words, But Crſus that had been deceived
before by their cratty fetches and devices, conſidering alſo no cauſe apparent tro make them change
thus ſuddenly , would not hearken to it, but firſt conſulced with kis friends. Howbeit the ſouldiers
they cryed out on him togo , and fell at words with him, ſaying, that he cared not though they
were all (lain , and that himſelf had not the heart onely to come down and talk with the enemies
that were unarmed. Craſſus proved firſt to pacifie them by fair means, perſwading them to have a
little patience bur tif| night , which wasat hand, and then they might ſafely depart at their plealure, 'J;
and recover the mountains and ſtreight paſſages, where their enemies could not follow them ; and 1
pointing them the way wittthis finger, he prayed them not to be faint-hearted , nor to deſpair of p |
get of them, covering him round with their Targets, they ſpake nobly,
|
:
:
|
their ſatety,ſeeing they were ſo near it.But inthe end Cyaſs:s perceiving they fell to mutiny, and beat-
ing of their harneſs , did threaten him if he went nor : fearing then they would do him ſome villany, "yt
went towards the enemy , and coming back a little, ſaid onely theſe words : O 02 av;+s , and you |
Petronins , With all you ROMA N Gentlemen that have charge in this Army, you all ſee now, how I
againſt my will am enforced to go to the place I would not, and fan witneſs with me, how I
am driven with ſhame and force ; yer 1 pray you, it your fortunes be to eſcape this danger, that ye
{ will report whereſoever you come, that Craſs4s was (lain, not delivered up by his own ſouldiers '
& into the hands of the barbarous people, as I am, but deceived by the fraud and ſubtilty of his ene- bl, |
& mies: Oftavius would not tarry behind on the hill, but wentdown with Cyaſsxs : but Cra/sus ſent ©74fſ#s words >|
away his Officers that followed him. The firſt that came from the PaxTHI A Ns unto Craſrzs were _ _— « [ |
two mongrell GxEc1ANs, who diſmounting from their horſe ſaluted him, and prayed him to ſend Jeah. & \
ſome of his men before, and Sxrexa would ſhew them, that both himielf and his train came unarmed ot
towards him, Cya/ss thereto made him anſwer, that if he had made any account of his lite, he would
not have put himſelf into their hands, Notwithſtanding he ſent rwo brethren before called the Ros-
CIANS , to know what number of men, and to what end they met ſo many rogether. Theſe two
brethren came no ſooner to Sxrena, but they were ſtaid, and himſelf in the mean time kept on his way
a horſeback , with the nobleſt men of his Army. Now when S»renza came near to Craſsxs; Why, Surenz's craf:
how now ( quoth he ) what meaneth this? a Conſult and Lieutenant Generall of Ros on foot, and *2 Craſſus, F, 1
we on horſeback > Therewithall he ſtraight commanded one of his men to bring him a horſe, C-a/ſ- ob{
{us anſwered $»rena again : In that they neither of both offended , tollowing the uſe and manner of 1.
their Countrey , when any meeting is made for Treaty of peace. Swrexa replied ; As for the Treaty
of peace, that was already agreed upon between the King Hyroges and the ROwa ns , howbeit
that they were to go to the River , and there to ſer down the Articles in writing : for you Romans _
( ſaid he ) do not grearly remember the capitulations you have agreed upon, With thoſe words he al.
gave him his right hand. As Cr4/s*s was ſending for a horſe; You ſhall not need, ſaid S»rexa, for Wa
look, the King doth preſent you this. And ſtraight one was brought him with a ſteel ſaddle richly gilt , bf
upon the which his Gentlemen mounted Cya/sxs immediately, and following him behind laſhed hs hs
tiorſe to make him run the ſwifter. O#avixs ſeeing that, firlt laid hand on the bridle, then Perronius i +
Colonel , of a thouſand footmen, and after them, all the reſt of the Roma xs alſo gathered abour ll
Craſsu: to ſtay the horſe, and to take him from them by force that preſſed him on of either ſide. So bis.
they thruſt ore at another at the firſt yery angrily , and at the laſt fell ro blows. Then Of avizs drew Chl |
out his ſword, and ſlew one of the barbarous noblemens horlekeepers : and another came behind him Lott
and flew Of avins, Petronins had no Target, and receiving a blow on his Curaces, lighted from his 9:44 gain wot
horſe, and had no hurt : and on the other fide came Pomaxatres, one of the ParTHIANS, and |
ſlew Craſsus. Some ſay notwithſtanding that Pomaxathres flew him nor , but another , yet that he Croſs lain,
cut off his head and his hand after he fell to the ground, Bur all theſe reports are rather conjectures, q.
then any certainty, For as for them that were there, ſome of them were ſlain in the field fighting "
for Craſ#s , and others ſaved themſelves by flying to the hill. The PaRTtHrians followed them,and | Url
told them that Craſs#s had paid the pain he had deſerved , and for the reſt , that S::rex4 bad them lg ogy nc : 1:0
come down with ſafery. Then ſome of them yeelded to their enemies , and other diſperſed themſelves 7, on nee |
when night came, and of them very few eſcaped with life. Others being followed and purſued by ng taken.
the ARABIANS , were all put to the ſword. So as it is thought there were ſlain in this overthrow
about twenty thouſand men, and ten thouſand taken priſoners. Syrexa had now ſent Cra/ss: =
an Tit
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and his hand unto Hyrodes the King his maſter, into ARMENIA 5
the City of SELEuc1a, that he had brought Craſſu alive , and tl 1
laugh at, which he called his Triumph. Among the ROMan priſo ſas one” called C 2 i 505
Pacianus who was very like Craſſ« : him they clothed in womans appareIFF the ParTtHIans,
, and had taught him to anſwer , when any called him Craſſws, or Lord Captain. Him they pur a horſe-
back , and had many Trumpets before him, and Sergeants upon Camels backs , that carried axes be-
fore him, and bundles of Rods , and many purſes tied to the bundles of Rods, and Roma ns heads
newly cut off tied to the axes: and after him followed all the ftrumpers and women Minſtrels of
SELEuCIa , who went ſinging of ſongs of mockery and derifion of Craſſus womaniſh cowardli-
— neſs. Now for theſe open ſhews , every one might ſee them : but beſides that ſight, S»rena having
Ariſtides book c2lled the Senate of SELEucra together , laid before them .#«ſtides books of ribaldry , intituled
---— = as. Milefians, which was no fable , for they were found in a Romans fardle or truſs called Ry-
=Y
o_ ſtins. This gave Surena great cauſe to ſcorn and deſpiſe the behaviour of the Romans , which
| was ſo far out of order, that even in the wars they could not refrain from doing evill , and from |
Aſops wife the reading of ſuch vile books. Then the Senators of SzLzucia found that eAſope was a wile
ſaying. man, who ſaid , that every man carried a ſack on his neck, and that they put other mens faults at the
ſacks mouth, and their own toward the botrom of the ſack-: when they conſidered that S»rena
had putthe book of the laſciviouſneſs of the MiLEs1ANS at the ſacks mouth, and a longrale of
the PARTHIANS vain pleaſures and delights in the bottom of the ſack , carrying ſuch a number
of Carts loden with naughty packs in his Army , as he did, which ſeemed an Army of Ermits and
field-mice. © For in the vaward and foremoſt ranks, all appeared terrible and cruell , being onely
Lances, Pikes, Bowes, and horſe : but all they ended afterwards in the rereward with a train of
The &eſcripri- harlots, inſtruments of mufick , dauncing , ſinging , banquetting , and rioting all night with Curti-
y of Surens's zans. I will not deny but -R»ſtius deſerved blame : but yet withall, 1 ſay , that the PakTHIANS
_ were ſhameleſs to reprove theſe books of the vanities of the MiLEs1ans , . conſidering that ma-
ny of their Kings, and of the Royall bloud of the Ar/acides , were born of the ION1an and
M1LEsS1Aa N Curtizans. Things S thus in this ſort, King Hyrodes had made peace and league
with Arrabazes King of ARMEN1A , who'gave bis Siſter in marriage unto Pacorus , King Hyrodes
Son , and made great feaſts one to another : in the which were many Greek verſes ſung , Hyrodes
ſelf underſtanding well the Greek tongue , and Artabazes was fo perfe&t in it , that he himſelf
Craſſus heas made certain Tragedies , Orations, and ſtories, whereof ſome are yet extant at this day. The ſame
bzought to Hy- Night Craſſus head was brought , the Tables being all taken up , Jaſex a common Player of enterludes
rodes. born in the Ciry of THALLES came before the King , and recited a place of the Tragedy of the
BAccHANTES of Eyripides , telling of the misfortune of Agave, who ſrake off his ſons head,
And as every man took great pleaſure to hear him , Sy{laces coming into the hall , after his humble
dury firft done to the King, delivered him Craſſ#s head before them all. The PaxTHIANs ſeeing
that , fell a clapping of their hands, and made an out-cry for joy. The gentlemen Uther bythe
Kings commandment did ſet Sylaces at the Table, aſon cafting off his apparell repreſenting Pex-
theus perſon , gave it to another Player to put it on him ; and counterfeiting the BaccHanTEs
poſleſt with fury , began to rehearſe theſe verſes, with a gefture tune and voice of a man mad and
befide himſelf ;
Behold , we from the forreſt bring a ſtag nownewly ſlain,
. A worthy booty and reward, beſeeming well our pai.
This marvellouſly grudged the company, and ſpecially ſinging theſe verſes afterwards, where the
' Chorus both asked and anſwered himſelf :
Who ſtrake this ſtag ?
_- elſe but I thereof may brat.
Pomaxathres hearing them diſpute about the matter , being ſet at the Table with others, roſe ſtraight,
and went and took the head himſelf, to whom of right it belonged to ſay thoſe words , and not unto
the player that ſpake them. King Hyroges liked this ſport marvellouſly, and rewarded Pomaxathres
according to the manner of the Countrey in ſuch-a caſe ; and to 7aſos he alſo gave a talent. Such
See the rewarg Was the ſucceſs of Craſſus enterpriſe and voyage , much like unto the end of a Tragedy. Bur after-
of craft and Wards Hyrodes cruelty , and S»rena's foul perjury and craft , were in the 'end juſtly revenged upon
perjury. them both according to their deſerts. For King Hyrodes envying Swrena's glory , put S»rena to
The miſerable death, And Hyrodes fell into a diſeaſe that became a dropfic, after he had loſt his Son Pacorws,
Ew who was ſlain in a battell by the Romans. Phraates his ſecond Son, thinking to ſet his father for-
— wards gave him drink of the juyce of Aconitum, Thedropſie received the poiſon, and the onedrave
Hyrodes the other out of Hyrodes body , and ſet him on foot again. Phraates perceiving his father to amend
ſtrangled by ypon it, to make ſhort work, with his own hands ſtrangled him, 4
his ſon.
THE
_ 403
BEC 0M? ARISON OF
CRASSUS wh NICIA S,
Ut now to proceed to the compariſon : firſt, N;jcias goods were more juſtly
gotten, & with leſs reproach then Cyaſſz wealth , for otherwiſe a man can- ;.... 1-14
not give any great praiſe to mineral works, the which are wrought by lewd craſus riches,
and il] diſpoſed barbarous fellows kept in irons, and toiled ro death in
unwholeſome and peſtilent places, Burt being compared unto {aſs buy-
ing of confiſcate goods at Syl/a's hands , and ungentlemanly bargains of \
houſes on fire, or in danger thereof, ſurely Njc;as trade will appear the #1
better way of getting : for as openly did Craſſus avow uſury , as tillage. Tl
# And again for other faults | wherewith Ave many times was burthen- "y
ed, which he ſtoutly denied : as, that he took money of men having
matters before the Senate at Rome, to win favour for their fide : and that he preterred matters to
the prejudice of the confederates of the Romans, onely for his private profit z; and therefore
curried favour with Ladies , and generally ſought to cloak all foul offenders : of all theſe faults
was Nicias never ſo much as once fuſpe&ted. For he to the contrary, was mocked of every body,
becauſe for fear he maintained wicked doers by gifts : which perhaps would not have become Pericles
nor eAriſtides , and yet was meet for N 5cias , who was born a timorous natured man , and never had Ly«g%t lay-
courage in him, Whereof Zycargus the Orator did vaunt afterwards to the people, being accuſed "5
that he redeemed derraQtors with money : I am glad , ſaid he, that having dealt thus long in affairs
of the Szate, it is found I have rather given then taken. And now touching expences, Nicias was
thought the better and morecivil Citizen. For his charge and coſt was , in dedicating ſome goodly
image to the gods , or in making of publick playes or paſtimes to recreate the people, Bur all the
money he ſpent that way , and all that he was worth beſides, was nothing comparable , and but a ſmall
part of that Craſſus beſtowed in an open feaſt he made at Rowe , feaſting ſo many thouſands at one
time, and did find and maintain them alſo for a certain time after. Now I cannot but wonder at
thoſe men, that deny vice to be an inequality and diſagreement of manners, repugnantin it ſelf, ſeeing yy;c;4 and 1
men may honeſtly ſpend that which is naughtily gotten, Thus much for their goods. For Nicias Craſſus a&s in 4).
doings in the Common-weal he did nothing maliciouſly , cruelly, nor unjuſtly, neither any thing of the Commoen- "Ile
ſelf-will or ſtomack., but rather dealt plainly and fimply. For he was deceived b vane of Al. vealth. ; |
cibiades , and never came to ſpeak. before the people , bur with great fear. Craſſus on the ochet
fide was reproved for his inconſtancy and lightneſs, for that he would eaſily change friends or ene- Wl
mies : and he himſelf denied not , that he came to be Conſull the ſecond time by plain force and 088
cruelty, having hired two murtherers to kill (4to and Domitivs. And in the Affembly the people
held fox dividing of the Provinces , many men were hurt , and four were ſlain in the Market-place : l
and more then that, Cyr«ſſ#s himſelf ( which we have forgotten to write in his life } gave one Lacins
Amnalins ſo ſore a blow on the face with his fiſt , for ſpeaking = him , that he ſent him going Pt
with blood about his ears, But as Craſſ#s in thoſe things was very fterce and cruel: ſo \ jeias woman- | k bs
iſh behaviour on the other fide , and faint heart in matters of Common-wealth , humbling him- Ba
ſalf ro the meaneſt and moſt vile perſons , deſerved great reproach. Where Craps in this reſpeRt The duty of
ſhewed himſelf affuredly of a noble mind , not contending with meti of ſmall account, as with (Jeon Governors and
or Hyperbolus , but would give no place to Caſars fame and glory , nor yet to ny three Tri- M#giltrates.
umphs , bur ſought to goeven with them in power and authority : and had immediately before ex-
ceeded Pompeys power , in the dignity of Cenſor, For Magiſtrates, and Governors of —_—
| wea
7 Wo RX
(EOF 1-4 A) |
B: _
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(
__ AAICI45 « it
weal,ſhould make themſelves to be honoured, but not envied, killing
er. Burt if it were ſo that Nicas preferred quietneſs,and the ſafety of
and that he feared eAlcibiades in the Pulpit for Orations, the La c £DEW® 4
and Perdiccas in THRACIA : he had liberty and ſcope enough to repoſe hi Wy of A-
THENS , and might have forborn the dealing in matters, and ( as Rhetoricians ſay ) have pur a hood
of quietneſs upon his head very well. For doubtlels , concerning his defire to make peace, it was a
godly mind in him , and an aft worthy of a noble perſon, to bring that to paſs he did , appeaſing
all war : wherein (aſſ#s certainly was not to be compared to him-.theugh he had joyned all the
Provinces to the Empire of ROme , that reach unto the Caſpian ſea , and to the great Ocean of the
InDIEs, But on the other ſide-alſo//when one hath to deal with peoplethat can diſcern when a
man ruleth accordingto equity and juſtice”, and that he ſeeth he is in the prime of his credit and an-
thority - he muſt notthen for lack of courage ſuffer wicked men to ſtep in his room ,/*nor give oc-
caſion to prefer ſuch to authority in the*Commonweal/, 235 are unworthy for that place and coun-
tenance : neither ſhould allow ſuch any credit, as are-altogether of no credit nor. truſt , as 2\ 5ci-s
did : who was the onely occaſion that Cleos , being befqre*bur a pratling Orator , was choſen General.
Neither do I alſo commend Craſs, for that inthe war againſt Sparracxs., be made;hafteto give him
battell , more raſhly then ſafely or confiderately. + For He ambition ſpurred hum forward, becauſe he
was afraid left Pompeys coming ſhould take from him the glory of all that be had donen that war :
as Mamming. took from Merellus the honour of thtwwmning of COr1 NTH. But befides all this ,
Nicias fa& therein was withourthe-compaſs of reaſon , and: can'no way be excuſed. For he did not
Nicias fear- reſign hishonour and office of General. to. Cleox his enemy. , when thexe was hope of-good ſucceſs,
fulneſs. or little perilll :;.but fearing the danger of the journey , he was contente@ to ſave one , and took no
CO___ care beſides\for the Conmon-wealth. . Which Themiſtecles ſhewed not , in the time of the war a-
' gainſt the PERSIANS, For he, to keep Epycides an Orator ( a man of no reckoning beſide his elo-
quence , and extreamly coverous) from being choſen Generall of ArHexs., leſt he-ſhould have 0-
verthrown the Common-weal : ſecretly bribed him with money to leave off his ſuit. And Caro alſo
when he ſaw the ſtate of ROME in greateſt danger, ſued to be Tribune ofthe people for the Common.
wealths ſake, And 2 ictas 1n contrary manner , reſerving himſelf to make war with the City of M1-
NOA, Or with the Iſle of CITHERA , or with the poor unfortunate MELIANS , if there fell our
afterwards occaſton to fight againſt the La czvamONTANs., then away went his Captains cloak ,
and he left the ſhips , the Army and munition to the charge and government of Cheons raſhneſs and
ſmall experience of war , when the neceſlity of the ſervice required the wiſeſt and moſt expert Cap-
tain. The which he did not , deſpiſing the means to-make him honoured : but it was a plain draw-
ing back , at time of need to defend his Countrey, Wherefore afterwards he was compelled againſt his
will to be General, to make wars in $1c1L1 A withthe SyRAcusI1ANs : becauſe the people thought
he was not ſo earneſt to diſſwade the journey , for that he thought . it not meet for the Common-
wealth , but becauſe through his ſloth and cowardlineſs he would make his Countrey loſe ſo good
an oportunity to conquer SIC1LE, Yet was this a grear teſtimony of his honeſty and truſt they
had in him : who though he ever hated war , and did flie from the Offices of honour and charge in
the Common-wealth, his Countrimen notwithſtanding did always chuſe him, as the moſt experienced
Nicias honeſty perſon and meeteſt man of the City. Now Craſſ# in contrary manner., deſiring nothing elſe but to
be Generall , could never attain to it , but in the war of the bondmen , and yet was itfor lack of
another ( for Pompey, Hetelmu,and both the Lyculu were then abroad in the wars ) although he was
otherwiſe of great eſtimation and authority. Howbeit it ſeemerh to me, that his friends that loyed
him beſt , thought him , as the comicall Poer ſaith ;
A good man any way elſe but in wars.
The diverges His ambition notwithſtanding , and covetuous deſire of rule , did nothing benefit the Roma xs.
berwixe Niel s For the ATHENIANS ſent Nicias to the war againſt bis will : bur Craſſus led the Romans
and Craſſus. thither againſt 'their wills. So that the Common-wealth fell into miſery by the one , and the other
through the Common-wealth was brought into miſery : and yet therein there is rather cauſe to praiſe
Nicias, then to blame Craſ:#s. For Nicias like a wiſe man, and a Captain of great experience, could
never ſo much as be brought to think they ſhould conquer S$1c1Lt: and therefore diſſwaded his
Countrimen from the journey : and would give no place to the vain hope of the people of ATyzns.
But Craſſus taking upon him to, make wars with the PARTHI1ANS, as though it had been an eaſie
matter to overcome them , found himſelfdeceived , yet did he aſpire to great things. For as 7lius
Ceſar had conquered and ſubdued to the imperiall Crown of Rome , all- the Countries of the Welt
parts, to ſay , theGaurs, the GzRMAiNns, and ENGLAND : even ſo did Craſ:ms defire to
g0 towards the Eaſt parts, to conquer all to the great Weſt ſea of the INDIANS, and to ſubdueall
the Regions of As14 , whereunto Pompey and Lucullus aſpired , being both very noble perſonages,
and ſuch as ever courteouſly behaved themſelves to all men: notwithſtanding , provoked thereunto
with the like defire that Craſſus had. For . when the charge of the wars in the Eaſt parts was al-
ſigned to Pompey by decree and order ofthe people , the Senate utterly miſliked it , and were againſt
itall they could. When news were brought to ROME or Poſes Ceſar in battell had overthrown and
ſlain three hundred thouſand Gzxmains , (to periwading with the Senate , was yer ſtill of
this mind, that {ear ſhould be delivered into the hands of his enemies whom he had overcome, for
'to be puniſhed : thereby to- turn the ſharp revenge and wrath of the gods from Rowe, upon him
onely that was the unjuſt breaker of peace, This notwithſtanding , the people making none _—
0
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tealtsand proceſlions fifteen days together, and open ſacrifices
ity, ro,thank them for this famous victory. How glad
ve ven , ind how many days would they have feaſted and facri-
iced, «Tad ' from BABYLON of his Victory, and that he had conquered all the
Realms of the M:DESFof the PzrSiaNS, Oithe Hyacamnzatis , of SysE and of the
BACTRIANS, and that he had made new Governments and Provinces to the Empire of Roa ?
If a man will needs do wrong and injuſtice,
As Enrypides ſaith to them that cannot live in peace, and be contented with their own, he muſt not
then ſtick at trifles ( as the razing of a Caſtle of Scandia, or of a City of Menda , or chafing of
the £G1NETEs being out of their own naturall Countrey , and hiding themſelves like birds with-
out neſts, in any other bitds holes ) but muſt dearly ſell the wrong he doth , and not lightly con-
remn juſtice, as a thing of ſmall account. - For they that will commend the intent of eAlexander
the Great in his voyage , for the conqueſts he made in the Eaſt , and do diſpraiſe Craſſ#s voyage, do
not well to judge ot the beginning , by the events and ſucceſs of the end, For executing of their
offices, Nicias did many noble exploits : for he overthrew his enemies in diverſe battels, and had al- 1;c;x5 285
moſt taken the Ciry of SyRacus a : and ſure they cannot juſtly blame him for all the misfortunes commended,
that chanced in the war of S$1c1L14 , but partly the plague was cauſe of it , and partly alſo the
envy of thoſe towards him that remained at AtHzns, Whereas Craſſu ran into ſo many errors,
and committed ſuch foul parts in all his voyage , that be gave Fortune no leiſure to do him good : ſo
that I wonder not ſo much that his folly was overcome by the power of the PaxTH1ANS, as that c_ of
it could overcome the good fortune of the Rowa ws. Sithence it ſo falleth out then, that they both hodenalned
came to like unfortunate end. Nc5.44 prognoſticating before what things ſhould happen , by art and of the Romans
rule of Divination ; and Creſſ« contrarily diſdaining to obſerve any thing : ſure it falleth our hard
in judgement, which of them two proceeded with moſt ſafety, Yea according to the beſt approved
opinions , @ fault committed of fear is more excuſable , then of raſhneſs and folly to break any
ancient Law or Cuſtom, For their deaths, Craſſus end deſerved leaft reproach. For be againſt his _ death
will did yeeld himſelf, and was neither bound nor mocked, but onely perſwaded by his friends , and ,qcn4ale chen
through his enemies fraud and treaſon moſt traiterouſly deceived : where N3cias cowardly and diſho- Nicjas end.
gourably hoping to fave his life , truſting to the mercy of his enemies , made his death more
infamous.
"_*
of neceſlity
another,
The rowns
where Homer
died.
Four famous
Captains that
had but one
eye aplece,
Sertoraus.
Why chances
happen onelike
THE LIFEM
SER TORIUVS
nEradventure it isnot to be marvelled at, if in long proceſs of time ( guns
11 altering her effets daily ) theſe worldly events fall often out one like ano.
ther, For whether it be that the variety of things are infinite, fortune hath
ſtore of matter apt enough to work to likeneſs :/ or be it that worldly
| mattets to be comprehended within determinate number , of neceſſity one .
| ching muſt fall out like another, ſince they proceed from one cauſe,” tyed to
} the ſame means it before did uſe. But becauſe men do delight to-Gompare
Il ſuch chances together, as they have ſeen or heard to have happened ſo like
as if they had been done of purpoſe, the one by example of the other, as
that of two men being both named Art, both of them come of Noble
houſes, the one in SYRIA , and the other in AxcaD1 a , both the one and the other were {lain
with a wild bore. That of two called 4#eoy, the one was torn in pieces by his dogs, the 0-
ther by his lovers. That of two famous Scipio's, the Cak THA GINIANS were firft overcome by
the one, and afterward utterly deſtroyed by the other. That the City of TROY was firſt taken by Her-
cules, for the horſes that Laomedon had promiſed him , the ſecond time by Agamemnos by means of
the great woodden horſe ; and the third time by (haridemus , by means of a horſe that fell within
the gate , and kept the TRO1a Ns that they could not ſhut it in time, And that of two ſweet ſmelling
plants, I0s , and SMyRNA,two Cities were named,the one ſignifying the Violet, and the-other Myrre:
it is ſuppoſed that the Poet Homer was born in the one, and that he died in the other, We may alſo
add to this example, that amongſt the ancient Captains , the greateſt warziers ( and that havedone
the nobleſt exploits by wit and warlike ſtratagems ) had but one eye : as Phifip , Antigonus , Hanm-
bal , and Sertorius alſo , whom we write of at this preſent, Whom we may truely report to have
been more chaſt than Philip:more faithfull to his friend than Antigens : more courteous to his enemies
than Hannibal : and for wiſdom and judgement to give place to none of them, but in good fortune
was born and £0 them all. The which , though ſhe ſhewed her ſpite more to him, then to. his enemies that were
all great men ; yet in experience he was equall with Afereltws, in prowels and valiancy with Pompey,
and in fortune with $y//a. So that being baniſhed hjg-Countrey , a ſtranger 'in another Realm, and
having to govern a barbarous Nation, he notwi ing maintained wars for a time, againſt the
power of the Romans. Methinks therefore, that of all the Grzcran Captains I can liken
The praiſe of none ſo well unto him as Ewmenes the CaxDian, For both of them knew how to command, both
were very valiant and politick in wars, both were baniſhed men our of their Countrey, both were
Captains over ſtrangers , and bothof them were traiteroully and villanouſly ſlain by them , through
whom they had before overcome their eneniies. Now - for Serrorize , he came of worthipfull
; parents,
= —
- Pa d mY nv OT the:Ciry of Nurs14 in the Countrey of the Saz1Nts. His father left
hinveRxy chi:d with his Mothers, who carefully brought him up, and whom he ſingularly loved and -- any,
reverenced. Her name as*they ſay was Khea. His firſt rifing and beginning grew by pleading mat- NEE
rers in Law , which he could handle very well : inſomuch as being a young man he came to KOME, ther of Serro-
and wan ſome name by his eloquence, Howbeit , the honour and eſtimation he atchieved after- 77% _
wards by his valiant ats, made him imploy. all his ſtudy and. ambitious care, tro Arms and Wars, *u <0
The firſt time of his Souldierfare was , when the CixBREs and TzutoNs invaded Gaut with won; firſt
a mighty Army : where when the Roma Ns had been overcome under the leading of Cepio , his ſouldietfare.
Horle being (lain under him , and himſelf hazt , he notwithſtanding ſwam over the River ot Ron E,
with his Corſlet and Target upon +him , breaking the fury and rage of the River with meer ſtrength,
ſo able and luſty a body he had to brook all pains and hardneſs, The ſecond time that theſe barbarous
C1MBRES returned with an infinite number of fighting men , and with proud and dreadfull threats,
the ROMa Ns were then fo afraid , that they thought him a tour man that had bur the courage to
keep his rank , and obey his Captains, At that time was Marius Generall of the Rowan Ar my ,
and then did S-rrorius undertake to go and diſcover the Enemies Camp. And for the purpoſe , appa- Sertoriue foul-
relled himſelf like a Gaur , and learned the common words and phraſes of their Language, to ſalute dierfare uncer
one another when they mer, and in this ſort went among them : and having partly by ſight and re- * ———_
port learned that he ſought for , he returned to Aarixs , who then gave him ſuch honourable reward
2s'was due to hisdeſerr. All the time of the War after , he did ſuch valiant as and deeds of &rms,
that his Captain had him in great eſtimation, and committed the chiefeſt matters to his charge.
Whereupon the Wars being ended with the TzuTo Ns and CiMmRrES , Serrorims was ſent into
SPAIN , under Di4ixs the Prztor , with charge of a thouſand Footmen, with whom he wintred Sertorins C6
in the City of CasTuLo , in the Marches of the CELT1BERIANS : where the Souldiers finding lone! of a thou-
plenty of Victuals, fell to gluttony and drunkenneſs, and commirted great inſolency , being over- fand foormen,
come with Wine. Inſomuch as the barbarous People of the City grew to ſuch a miſliking and diſdain £419 © City
of them , that they ſent one night ro their next neighbours the GyRtsSENtaNs foraid, andas of the Cclaives
they came by the Romans lodging flew a. great number. of them, $ertoris - bearing the noiſe, "In
went immediately out of the City wuth a few of his men, and gathering thera tbgether alſo that fled
one after another to ſave themſelves , went round about the Walls of the Ciry , and findiug the Gate
open were the GyRISENIANS came in , thereentred he alſo.; who being more careful} then the
had ſhewed themſelves, left the Gates and all the parts of the City well guarded , and then pur all ro
the Sword within that were of age to carry Weapon. Now when he had executed this revenge , he $ertorius fira-
commanded ali his Souldiers to leave off their own Apparell and Weapons, and to take thoſe of the tagem.
barbarous People whom they had (lain , and ta follow him tothe Ciry of the Gyr15st x14 ws,
from whence they came that had on ſuch a ſudden affailed themin the night, The GyRr1sExIANs
ſceing the Garments and Weapons of their ſuppoſed men far off, thinking certainly the. had been
they , opened their Gates, and a number of People went out |, as to meet their friends and Citizens,
- whom they thought had happily ſped of their purpoſe; Thus were a marvellous number of them
ſlain by he ROMANS, even hard-at the Gates of their City: and the reſt putting themſelves to
Sertarues mercy, heſold for Slaves. After this exploit; Sertorius wan great fame through all Span,
and returning to Rome , was made Quzſtor or Treaſurer Generall of Gaurz. , on this fide of the
Mountains, by the River of Po, A happy chance for ROME: for even at that very preſent time Sertorius rrea-
fell out the Wars of the Confederates and Allies of IT.aLy ; called the Mar5s1ans War, in furer Generall
the which he had Commiſſion to preſs Souldiers, and to make Armour. And therein he ſhewed ſuch - _ about
diligence and expedition for quick diſpatch of thar. ſervice, in reſpect of the long delay and careleſs ** ©
regard other young men had of the ſame before : that he won the name to be. a carefull man of
his charge ,: and: one that afterwards would atchieve.great Enterpriſes. Furthermore , when he came
to 'be-a Captain! himſelf , he would not let to venture his perſon as valiantly as any: other private
Souldier whatſoever , but did marvellous a&ts with. his own. hands,, even in: greateſt perils and
conflits ; infomuch as at the length he loſt one of his eyes in. fight. Whereof he was nothing
athamed., bur coritinually gloried in it: for others, ſaid he, do not always carry the marks abour
themvof 'their: valiant” Service, but leave them otherwhiles at home, as their Chaines , C areaners, ,,,,.:..:.4
Javelins ,*and Crowns , given them by their. Captains for teſtimony | of. their valiancy : how- one of his eyes
deit. chat he-always :carried the marks about him-( whereſoever he went ) of his ſervice, fo that by fight
ſuch: as-ſaw the blemith "of his eye, did therewithall' witneſs his valiantneſs. and courage. The
People alſo did honour him. as became them. . For when he came into the Theater , they wel-
comed him” with clapping of their bands , and great praifes , which the Romans did ſcantly
uſe unto their-oldeft Captains, and which were - moſt honoured for their great and noble Ser-
vice, Nevertheleſs ,. when he ſued to be Tribune.,-he was reje&ted by Syla's praftiſe , who hin-
dred him : whereupon: grew as it ſeemed, that grudge #nd malice which he eyer after bare unto _,
Syl/a.” For after: that: Aſarize was fled. being} overcome by $y4a , and that Sy/4 was gone out —_—
of ITALY to make War with atm and that of the two -Conſulis , Of avis took part malice unto
with- Sy//a., and: Cizna the other Conſull ( which ſought change and alteration ) was gathering $ylls,
men rogether-to: ſet-up Marius FaRtion , that'was- in manger; pnderfoot : Serrorius took his
part , becauſe be-ſaiy that 0#av5iue was but a flow 'and lither. mani, and did not beſides truſt any Sertorius rook
of: Aarin: friends. ' So was there a cruell conflict, between. them, even. in the Market-place with- FU with Cin-
in the. Ciry ſelf , where 0Favins had the upper band j and Cinna and Serrorins feaped by lying, *
4 | t
having
— —_—_— ——
—
4.88 SERT O R FOS
- having loft few leſs then ten thouſand men in this onely overthraw. 5 heels , 2
through praRtice and policy , they got thoſe Souldiers together nw vere diſperſed iEanc
equa
there through IT 4 Ly , ſo as in ſhort time they madetheir power mb Ot avins force, Ma-
rins alſo being advertiſed of the ſame , took the Sea incontinently , and returned into ITALY out of
AFRICK , and came to Cixnato ſerve as a private Souldier , under his Captain and Conſull, Now
Sertorius dif- they all liked well, that Mdarins ſhould be received, ſaving Sertorius,who was againſt him all he could:
ſwaded Cinns fearing that either his credit and eſtimation ſhould diminiſh , Cix»a having a worthier Captain then
to receive, M&- 1; afelt to ſerve him ; or elſe that' Afarius cruelty and ſeverity ( who pardoned none offence) would
_ mar alrogether , having no ſay in his anger , but bent utterly to all kind of cruelty to his Enemies,
if Ci»na fortuned-to have the Victory. And thereunto he added this further ; that now they had the
ViRory in manner in their hands, if they once received Marizs unto them, he would rob them of all
the honour of ending this War , and being alſo in Authority, he was neither to be truſted nor com-
manded, Whereunto Cinx4 anſwered thus : that he thought the words he had alledged to be true,
howbeit that he was aſhamed, and beſides, could not ſee with honeſty how he might refuſe Afarins,
or ſend him back, fſithence he had purpoſely ſent for him, ro commit part of the charge of theſe
Wars unto him. Sertorixs again replied ; Sure 1 thought Afarius had come of his own good will
unſent for, and therefore ( as for the beſt in mine own opinion ) I gave advice not to receive him ;
but ſithence it is ſo that you ſent for him before, and that he is now come upon your commandment,
you were much to blame to ask counlell whether you ſhould now receive him, or not. And there-
fore you muſt needs accept his ſervice that is come upon your word : for, the bond of your pro-
miſe paſt you , doth now cut off all counſel] or other reſolution, Thereupon earins was called
for : and when he came , they. divided their whole Army into three parts , and then began ro
charge upon their Enemies of all hands , fo as they obtained vitory.. Howbeit Cinna and 1Ma-
rius committed as horrible cruelty in this Vi&tory , as could poſſibly be ſhewed : inſomuch as the
RomaNs thought all the miſerics they had endured in time of this War nothing ,' and but a
play as it were, in reſpe& of the great calamities they fell into afterwards, Now Sertorius on
the other fide never cauſed man to be {lain for any private malice, or quarrell he had with any
perſon , neither did he hurt any man when he had overcome, but was much offended with 24-
rius inſolency and cruell murthers : and when he had good opportunity to ſpeak with Cinn, a-
: pazt , he did qualifie him che beſt he could , and made him more mild and traable through his
_ ©M- perſwaſion, In fine , Sertorixs ſeeing Marins guarded with a great number of Bondnien for lack
4224 of other Souldiers 'in this War, whom he uſed as Executioners of his ſlaughter and butchery, al-
ways attending about his perſon as a Guard, and ſuffering them alſo ro make themſelves rich ,
partly with that he gave them, or commanded them to ſpoil, and partly alſo with that they vio-
lently took without his commandment of their own Maſters , killing them when they had done,
; raviſhing their Miſtreſſes , and defiling their Children : he could no longer abide ſuch wickedneſs
———_ , and villany , but made them all ro be flain in their Camp where they. lay together , being no
of Bondmen, I&ls then four thouſand perſons. Afterwards when he ſaw that the elder e Faris was dead, and
that Foon after Cinna was ſlain, the younger Aſarixs his Son ( againſt his counſell , and con-
trary to the Laws of ROME ) had by force made himſelf Conſull : and that Carbo, Scipio , and
[grbanus ( which had been overcome by Sy#a ) were come out of GREECE to ROME-wards,
pattly rhrough the cowardlineſs 'of their Captains , and partly alſo becauſe they were betrayed
and ſold of their own men : and further , conſidering therewithall , that his perſon could do no
good. in thoſe Affairs , which waxed worſe and worſe, by means of the Authority of ſuch as had
leaſt wit and underſtanding , and ſpecially alſo ſeeing Sy/a camp hard by Scipio , making much
of him, and feeding him with hope of a good Peace , whilſt underhand he wan his Souldiers
: from him , notwithſtanding , that he was certainly warned and told of it before : Sextorixs then
+ ene went utterly deſpairing of Rowzs proſperity and welfare', departed: from ROns to go towards
aro SPUN. Spain, thinking: that if he . could get the firſt poſſeſſion and Government of that Realm, it
would at the leaft be a refuge and recept for all thoſe of their Tribe that ſbould chance to be baniſhed
out of their Countrey. Howbeit in his voyage thitherward, he met with foul and rough weather :
and paſting through a Countrey of Mountains , the- barborous People inhabiting the fame, demanded
Tribute of him, tor licence to paſs rhrough their Territories, Thereat the Souldiers of his Company
were maryelloully offended , ſaying : Thar it wereto'much ſhame and diſhonour for a Proconſull of
ROwE, to pay Tribute to vile barbarous People. Notwithſtanding, Sertorius paſſed not for the ſhame
they ſaid it would beto him, but anſwered chem thus ; That he bought time , which thing he ſhould
nor reckon of, that aſpired to-haughty Enterpriſes : and ſo pleaſed the barbarous People with Money,
And thus he made ſuch ſpeed , as he quickly recovered SyAarN , which he found: greatly repleni-
thed with People, and ſpecially-of young men able to wear Armour, But now Sertorixe perceiving
that they had been hardly dealt withall before , through tlie inſolency , pride , and covetouſneſs of
the Roman Governours, whom they ordinarily-ſent from Roms , and that therefore they ha-
ted all manner of Government: firft of all { to. win the good wills of all the whole Coun-
treymen one and other, Of the Noblemen, by being familiar and converſant with them : and of the
common People , by eaſing themn'6f their Tax and Subſidies. But that which bred/ him moſt love of
EAST. all men generally , was this : tliathe diſpenſed with them for -lodging of Souldiets, and receiving of
teſie to the Ay Garriſon within their Cities, compelling his Souldiers to ſet up their Tents, and to make th
Spaniards, Cabins without the Suburbs of great Cities, to winter there , and cauſing alſo his own Pavillion
to
SERT O RIVUS.
to be firſt ſer up, andlay in it himſelf in perſon, This notwithſtanding, he pleaſed not theſe barbarous
People in all things to win their favour : for he armed all the Roman Citizens of age to carry
Weapon that dwelt in SeA1N , and made them make all ſortsof Engins for Battery , and a num-
ber of Galleys beſides, ſo that he had all the Cities at Commandment , being very courteous to them
in matters of. peace , but in warlike Munition very dreadiull unto his Enemies. Atter Sertoriz under-
ſtood that Sy//a kept ROME , and tharthe moſt part of the Tribe of Aarims and (arbo was utterly
overthrown , miſtruſting that it would nor be long before they ſent ſome Captain with a great Ar-
my againſt him : he ſent Jliuu Salinator betimes to keep the Mountains Pyrenei , with fix chouſand
men well armed. Immediately after {5 Annixs allo came thither, ſent by Sy//a : who ſeeing no pol-
ſibility to diſtreſs Salinator in a place of ſuch advantage , was driven to ſtay at the foor of the Moun-
tain , not knowing what to determine, Burt by misfortune one Calpharnizs ſurnamed Laxarins,trai-
terouſly flew Salmnator : whereupon his Souldters forthwith forſook the top of the Mountains , and
by this means Annizs had eafte paſſage with his Army which was very great , and overthrew them
that reſiſted his further coming on into the Countrey. Serrorixs finding himſelf not ſtrong enough
co fight with him, marched away with three thouſand men unto the City of New CarTHAaGE, and
there took Sea : trom thence he coaſted over into Africk , and fell with the Coaſt of the Mau-
RUSIANS, Where his Souldiers landed immediately for freſh water , diſperſing themſelves withour
keeping any order. Thereupon the barbarous People gave Charge upon them , and flew numbers of
chem ; inſomwch as Serrorsxs was driven to imbarque again, and to take his courſe towards Spar ,
where he was kept from landing. Then was he driven to take certain Pirates Boats of the $1c1t1-
ANS, and to ſail towards the Ik of PiTYusA , where he landed.in deſpight of Annzins Garriſon,
and put them to diſtreſs, But ſhortly after came eA »ni#s thither himſelf with a good number of Ships,
and five thouſand fighting men in them, Him Sertoris determined to abide, and to fight withall by
Sea , though he had but ſmall Barques, PR made tor ſwift ſailing , and ofno ſtrength tor fighe,
But now the weſt wind riſing very big , did ſwell the Sea in ſuch ſort , that it caſt the moſt part of
Sertorius Ships ( being weak and very light ) upon Rocks in the Sea , and himſelf with a few being
kept from Land by his Enemies , and from the Sea by ſtorm , was driven to ride ten days together
at Anker , working till for lite againſt the danger of the ſurgiaig waves and boyſterous winds , which
continued rough all that time : yet in the end when it calmed again , he weighed Anker, and ran
into certain deſolate Iſles, where was no water to be had, Then hoiſing Sail from thence , he paſ-
ſed the Straight of Gibraltar , and tarning on his right hand , landed upon the Coaſt of Sea 1w ,
lying toward the great Weſtern Sea, alittle abovethe mouth of the River of Bztis , the which fal-
ling into the Sea Aclanticum , gave name in old time to that part of Spain , which was called Hi-
SPANIA BETICA, There certain Sailers met with him that were newly arrived from the Iſles
Sertorius flics
our of Spain
into Africk,
The Ifle of
Pityuſa.
of the Ocean Arlanticum , which the Ancients called the fortunate Iſlands. Thele two 1flands are not The fortunate
far one from another , being but a little arm of the Sea between them , and are from the Coaſt of Iſlands.
ArR1cx onely ten thouſand Furlongs, They have rain there very ſeldom , howbeir a gentle
wind commonly that bloweth in a little filver dew, which moiſtneth che Earth ſo finely , that it ma-
keth it fertile and luſty , not onely to bring forth all that is ſer or ſowen upon ir , but of it ſelf with-
out mans hand, it be:reth ſo good fruit, as ſufficiently maintaineth the Inhabitants dwelling upon it,
living idly, and taking no pains. The weather is fair and pleaſant continually , and never hurteth the
body , the climate and ſeaſons of rhe year are ſo temperate, and the air never extream ; becauſe the
winds that blow upon that Land from the other fide of the Coaſt oppoſite co it, as the North and
Eaſterly wind coming from the Main, what with their long coming , and then by diſperling them-
ſelves into a wonderfull large air and great Sea, their ſtrength is in manner ſpent and gone before
their coming thither. And for the winds that blow from the Sea ( as the South and weſterly ) they
ſometime bring little ſhowers with them , which commonly do but moiſt the ground alittle , and make
the-Farth bring forth all things very trimly : inſomuch as the very barbarous People themſelves do
faithfully believe, that there are the Elyſian Fields , the abode of bleſſed creatures, which Homer hath
ſomuch ſpoken of.” Sertorixs hearing report of theſe Iſlands ( upon a certain defire now to live qui-
etly our of Tyranny and Wars ) had ſtraight a marvellous mind to go dwell there. But when
the Pirates of $1c1L1a ( who were no men of peace, but given altogether to ſpoil and pillage )
heard that, they by and by forſook Sertorixs, and went into AFR1cCx ,to reſtore Aſcalins the Son
of Iphtha to his Realm of Mauk1TANIA again, Sertorius quailed not for all their departure
from him , but detertnined to aid them that made War againſt A/calixs, and all to theend that
his Souldiers ſeeing matter of new hope and means to be imployed , ſhould not fo leave him, as be-
ing forced to be diſcharged of very neceſlity. The Maurus1aNns being very glad of his arrivall,
he preſently went on with his Enterpriſe , overcame A/cali»s in Battell, and beſieged the Ciry where-
into upon the overthrow of his Army he was fled tor refuge. ..$ yt being advertiſed thereof, ſent
Peccanins thither with an Army.to aid Aſcalins. Sertorixs gave him Bartel], flew bim in the Field,
and wan the reſt of his Army , which yeelded unto him: then took he the City of T1 xG 1s, where-
into Aſcalins was fled with his Brethren. The Ly B14aNs write that Antess is buried there. But Ser-
tori xs giving no credit to the tales of the barbarous People of that Countrey , by reaſon of the great-
neſs of the Tomb they ſhewed, made it to be broken open round : and finding there the body of a
man ( as they ſay ) of threeſcore cubits long , he marvelled at it , and ſo finiſhinghis Sacrificeto ho-
nour the memory thereof , . cauſed the -Tomb to be well cloſed up again, By this at —_
BSD increaſe
The Elyſian
Fields.
Sertorius wan
the City of
Tingis.
Anteus Tomb
and greatneſs.
©.
SERTORIVUS.
increaſe the honour of Antevs memory , which the City did unto him , and thereby confirmed the
Countreymens report of Atens. Forthe TiNG1a ns do report, that after Anreus death , his
Wife Tinoa lay with Hercules , and had a goodly Son by him called Sophax , who was King of thar
Countrey , and there built. this City , giving it his Mothers name. Furthermore, it is aid alſo thar
this Sophax had a Son called Diodorus , who conquered the moſt part of ArrTcx with an Ar-
my of the GRacians , OLBIANIANS and MyCENIANS , which Hercules brought thither
- to inhabit thoſe parts, We were willing to imbrace the occaſion offered us to ſpeak of this matter as
Fuba, ofa wewent, for the honour of 76a , the nobleſt Hiftoriographer that ever came of Royall bloud : for
Kings ſtock. ir is thought his Anceſtors were lincally deſcended from Sophax and this Diodorus. Serteri:.s as Con-
queror now, having the whole Countrey in ſubjection, did inno wiſe hurt them that yeelded unto him,
"IP and put truſt in him, but reſtored them their Goods, Cities , and Government again, contenting him-
arke by che ſelf with that they offered him of their good wills. But then ſtanding doubtfull what way to deter-
Luſitaianero Mine, the LusiTAaN1ans ſent Ambaſſadours unto him, to intreat him to be their Chieftain : for
be their Cap- they ſtood in great need of a worthy perſonage, and a man expert in Wars to defend them againſt the
— fury of the Romans : and therefore they onely truſted him , hearing of his honourable behaviour ,
Sertorius yer- by them that were converſant with him. Whoſe qualities as we find written, were theſe. He was ne-
res and quali- ver greatly moved , with fear nor joy : but as he was a reſolute man without fear in moſt danger ,
ries. ſo was he moſt temperate in greateſt proſperity. In valiantneſs inferiour to no Captain of his time ,
and very quick of execution in every imminent danger, For where any preſent exploit was to be
done , any ſtrong place of advantage to lodge or fight in to be taken, or that he was to paſs over any
River, or ſcape any inſtant danger, where it ſtood upon ſpeedy execution , and to ſhew ſome ſtrata-
Sertorius boun. gem or policy in time and place to ſupplant the Enemy : in thoe matters he paſlingly excelled, Fur-
ty and clemen- thermore ; he was both bountifull in rewarding good ſervice, and mercifull in puniſhing of offenders :
To but this notwithſtanding , the foul murder he did in his latter days upon certain young children that
were Pledges with him ( which doubtleſs Was an act of great cruelty, and anger that could not for-
give) doth manifeſtly prove , that he was neither mercitull nor courteous of nature : but that he ma-
ny times did finely counterfeit it , when both the time and occaſion did ſo require it. But for mine
opinion, ſure Jam perſwaded that no misfortune can have power to make perfe&t Vertue grounded
upon good Reaſon, to work in any ſort contrary to it ſelf: neither do Ithink it impoſlible alſo,
but chat mens good wills and gentle natures being injured without cauſe, may peradventure change
their naturall diſpoſitions. Which then proved true in Sertorins , who finding Fortune conttary un-
ro him, and his good hap changedinto ill , grew ſo crabbed and fierce of nature, that he would
take cruell revenge of them which had villanouſly betrayed him, But now to our matter where
we left. Sertorins departed out of AFRIcx upon the Lus1TANIANS offer , who choſe him
for their Generall , giving him abſolute Power and Authority : and ſo ſoon as he arrived, he ſtraight
leavied men of War, and with them ſubdued the People of Syain fronting upon their Mar-
ches , of which the more part did willingly ſubmit chemſelves , upon the brute that ran of him to
be merciful and courteous , and a valiant man beſides in preſent danger. Furthermore he lacked
no fine devices and ſubtilties to win their good wills : as among others, the policy and device he
Serrorius feign- had of the Hind , which was this. There was a poor man of the Countrey called Spanxs, who
edlye ofthe meeting by chance one day with a Hind in his way that had newly calved , flying from the Hunters,
Hind. he let the Dam go , not being able to take her : and running after her Calt took it, which was
a young Hind, and of a ſtrange Hair, for ſhe was all milk white. » It chanced ſo, that Serrorins
was at that time in thoſe parts , who was always very glad when any man offered him ſuch manner
of Preſents : as Fruits, Fowl , or Veniſon, and would make very much of them that brought them
to him, and alſo reward them well for the ſame. So, this poor man preſented Sertorixs with this
young Hind, which he gladly received , and which with time be made ſo tame , that ſhe would come
to him when he called her, and follow him where ever he went , beipg nothing the wilder for the
daily fight of ſuch a number of armed Souldiers together as they were , nor yet afraid ofthe noiſe
and tumult of the Camp. Inſomuch as Sertorins by little and little made it a miracle , making
the ſimple barbarous People believe that it was a gift that Diaz had ſent him, by the which the
made him underſtand of many and ſundry things to come : knowi well enough of himſelf , that
the barbarous People were men eaſily hers , and quickly caught by any fſubtill ſuperſtition,
beſides that , by Art alſo he brought them to believe it as a thing very true, For when he had
any ſecret intelligence given him , that the Enemies would invade ſome part of the Countreys and
Provinces ſubje& unto him , or that they had taken any of his forts from him by any intelligence
or ſudden attempt , he ſtraight told them; that his Hind ſpake ro him as he ſlept, and had warned
him both to arm his men, and put himſelf in ftrength, In like manner if he had heard any
news that one of his Lieutenants had won a Battell , or that he had any advantage of his Ene-
mies, he would hide the Meſſenger , and bring his Hind abroad with a Garland and Coller of
Noſegayes : and then ſay, it was a token of ſome good news' coming towards him , perſwading
them withall to be of good chear ,; and ſo did ſacrifice to the gods, to give them thanks for the
good tidings he ſhould hear before it were long. Thus by putting this ſuperſtition into their
heads, he made them the more traRable and obedient ro his will , inſfomuch as they thought
they 'were not now governed any more by a ſtranger wiſer than themſelves , but were fted-
faſtly perſwaded that they were rather led by ſome certain god ; and ſo much the more,
—_ — — T—_—
becauſe
$ ERT O R IU Ss. 4.91
becauſe that his 'deeds confirmed their opinions , ſeeing his Power ſo daily to increaſe beyond the
hope and expeRation of man.” For with two thouſand and five hundred Souldiers, which he called Sertoriue Ar-
ROMANS (- although the moſt of them indeed were Arz1cans , which came over wich him ®y-
out of AxRtex into - SPAIN ) , and four | thouſand LuciTaNnians , with ſeven hundred
Horſemen alſo, he made War againſt four great Captains of ROMEx, which had the leading of
ſixſcore -*thoufand Footmen/ ,- two thouſand Archers and Sling-men, with a world of Cities and
Countreys beſides. Where Serrori at the. firſt had not above twenty at the moſt, and yerwith
this ſmall Power ito maintain-this War withall., _he did not onely conquer great Countries and The Army of
many goodly-Cities, but 'topk ſome -of the Captains Priſoners alſo , whom the Rowan s ſent the Romans
againſt hint. Of which company Correa was one, whom he overthrew'in Battel] by Sea., not far from led by four
the City of Mt!Lakia. He-alſo overcame Fidiz in Battell, being Governour :of Spa1x B&- Pony
TIca , bythe River 'of B&Tts, where he-lew wo thouſand Roma xs : by his Treaſurer like- Pw
wiſe he overcame” ZL«cims Domitine Proconiull of ;. the i other, Province of Spain. And another
rime he diſcomfited'Toray another Caprain ;/pne of Merellz Lieutenants, whom he flew in Fight
with all his'Army. And Meru: ſelf , being taken at that time for one ot the moſt expert men of
War, ari# theta Captains among the Roma xs: him he pur alſo ſo off to diſtreſs, that Zu- *
cus Lollii was! fain- ro come out of GAuLE NaRBONENS1S (now Langnedoch ) to his aid,
And they were furthermore driven to ſend Powpey-the Great with all ſpeed from Roms with a new
Army , becauſe He tell re knew not what courſe to take , havingto fight with a moſt valiant man, and
6he whom lie c#Ad'tieyer-eithet bringrto any-ſer-Bartell , nor yer incrap in the plain Field ( ſo cafily
could he caſt himſelf into all kind'of forms) by.zcaſon of the dextericy and ſwifineſs of his Spaniſh
Souldiers being lightly armed.” Where heclean-contrary , was' wont to fight a pitched Field, with- 1þ
out- removing +foot , 'and toJead'an Army heavy armed , which could keep their ranks, and fight- 2 _ C 4
mg ſteadily could overthrow their Enemies with fiand-ſtrokes ,, and march upon their bellies. But ro ways, and ei-
climb up-cthe Mounrains , an" to be continually (as ir were) charged in the Rereward with theſe ther of borh al.
then armed'as1ight/as the wind -and to-puirſtic them in chaſe that Hled.ſtill and never kept place , it was {9vable : and
itnpoſſible'for thi&m ro do ir ; "arid much leſs to abide hunger and thirſt, ro live without a Kicchin ——
and fire , and likewiſe to Lye 61the bare ground without Tents or Payillions , as Serrorius Souldiers n,ight be ſeid
did. ' Furthermoze,, Mertens being grown an (old. man ( havingſpent all his youth in ſervice of the to lead Roman
Wars , and'taken' and ſuffered great (pains'and.croubles , giving himſelf now to quiet and pleaſure ) Citizens tothe
was matched with'S:rtoriu, being then even at his beſt age, and luſtieſt of body ; beſides that Na- —_ ny
ture had made him both ſtrong, aRtive , and temperate withall, - For he was never givento his belly, 51.
nor to be a great bibber , when he was at moſt quiet, and our of Wars , he was likewiſe acquainted
with pains and hardneſs from his youth}, could:away with long Journeys , watch many days and Sertorius wat-
nights without ſleep , ear little; and content. himſelf with! any meat that came to hand, And had like vertues:
he never ſo little: leiſure , he- would continually'be on Horſe-back , riding a bunting up and down the
Fields , which made him very ready and rexpert tb know-how tp wind himſelt our of danger when
he was diſtreſſed , and contrarily alſo ro compaſs in his Enemy upon any advantage : and beſides, ro
ſee where be might enter, and where nor. .: For this cauſe was Metre/lzs driven ( who was ſtill defi-
rous to fight ) to abide the loſſes and diſcommodities which they- ſuffer that be vanquiſhed : and Sey-
roriu On the other ſide refuſing Battell , and flying, before him , had all the vangage' of him that they
have which'chaſe their Enemies whom they have overcome. For he cur oft his Victuals on every
fide, rook away his water , and kept him in from foraging.” When he thought ro march further
forward ,. Sertorixs ſtayed him : and when he lay ſtill in his Camp , Serroris came and gave him A-
larms, anddrave him to diſlodge. If Aetellws. laid Siege to any place , Sertoriis ftraight beſieged
him for want of ViRuals : ſo that. his ſouldiers were even _ of all rogether, Whereupon ,
when Serforins challenged the Combate of erelxs : Oh ; well ſaid, cried all the Souldiers , let Cap- acl and
rain fight” againſt Captain , anl ROMan againſt Roman, Howbeit AMerelws. refuſed him, &iſcrh to be-
and the Souldiers laughed -bim to ſcorn. Nevertheleſs he did but ſmile at them, and therein ſhewed ſiege the Ln-
himſelf a wiſe man : for s Theophraſtus ſaith , A Captain muſt die as a Captain, not like a private £9rites , and
Souldier,/ - Furthermore, -Metexs conſidering that the La NGOBRITES ( who gave aid unto Ser- roomy wg
torins in all Services) were eafieto' be taken for lack of water (having but one onely Well in all their wb > oY
City ) andthat whoſoever: did beſiege that fame , ſhould ſtraight be maſter of all the Spring heads of
the Suburbsabout it, hoping thereby to make the City yeeld unto him within two days arthe utmoſt,
he commanded his Souldiers'to viRtuall themſelves for five days onely. But Sertorins having intelli- grrrorius finely
gence thereof 5 gave dire&ion and ſpeedy order to prevent him, For he cauſed two thouſand deceived Me-
Goats $kins to be filled with water, and promiſed round ſums of Money for eyery skin brought = __
thither. Many SeanrarDs and MaurusIaNns ftraight took upon them the Enterprize. There- Lagrebdiecs:
upon Sertorius chuſing the luſtieſt men among them, ſent them away through the Mountain , com- © *.
manding them withall, that when they delivered their Goats skins with water unto the Cicizens, they
ſhould cauſe'them- forthwith to pur our all their idle People, that the water might laſt chem the lon-
ger which defended the Ciry. eFHetellus receiving advertiſement thereof , was much agrieved withall,
becauſe his 'Souldiers Vitals were well near ſpent., which they had brought, according ro his com-
mandment;* and therefore:he ſent Aquzin»s one of his Lieutenants, with fix thouſand men to ger
Vietuals, ' Sercorins having intelligence of his purpoſe, preſently laid an Ambuſh for bis rewrn in
a Valley ftill of wood, and beftowed there three thouſand men:to ſer upon the Rereward, whileſt he g,,,.;.
himſelf gave Charge on the Vaward. Thus made he &1qin»s flie, flew the moſt part of his _ threw Aquinue
TI t 3 and
This place
1 "ET
- Sf
SERTORIUS.
I —
and took the reſt Priſoners. Howbeit Aquinw ſelf the Captain , having loſt his Weapons and
Horſe, by flying recovered Mertens Camp : who thereupon was driven with ſhame to. raiſe his
Siege, being mocked of all the SpaN1AaRDs. . For theſe valiant deeds was Sertorius wonderfully
beloved and honoured of all the barbarous People., and ſpecially becauſe he had made them good
Souldiers, brought them from their former rude and beaftly fght , and had taught them to be armed
Sertorius after the Roman faſhion, to keep their Ranks when they —_ , to follow their , and
raughrthe 19 rake the ſignall and Word of the Bartell : inſomuch as he them then appear a goodly Ar-
Spantertt the * ay well taught and trained, being before a confuſed. multitude of Theeves and Robbers. Further-
the Romans, More he divided great ſtore of Gold and Silver among them , ſhewing them how they ſhould gild
their Head-pieces , ſer out their Shields and Targets with: fine Workmanſhip, and alſo bravely appa-
rell themſelves with rich Clokes, and fleeveleſs Caffocks upon their Armour , ing them to be
fine, and furniſhed them with Money -, whereby he marvelloully wan the hearts of the barbarous
People. Yet did he farther bind: chem-unto him , by that he did unto their Children : for he ſent ge-
The City of nerally for all the Noblemens -young Sons , through all the Countries and Provinces ſubje&t unto
_ him, andbrovghtthem to the goodly Ciry of Osc a , where he provided them of Schoolmaſters
' to teach them the Greek and Latine; Tongue : bearing their Parents in hand , that it was'go no other
end-, but to make them ( when they came to be men;) meet to be imployed in the ſervice of the
; Common-weal, albeit indeed it was but a fine device.of him , to have them as Hoſtages for. their
- torixs 1ob- Faith and Loyalty towards him, Then were the Fathers of theſe Children glad men. to ſee their
tl policy. - Sons apparelled like Romans , in fair long Gowiis. garded with Pyrple , to go- civilly to the
Schools , that Serrorixs payed for their Learning, and-thar oftentimes he went thicher to oppoſe them,
to ſee how they profited : and how' he gave rewards unto them that were the beſt Scholars, hanging
Jewels about their necks, which the Roma ns call-Bulla, Inſomuch as they having a Cuftom at
that time in SPA1N , that ſuch'as were about the Prince or their Chieftain ſhould die with him
when he died : that Cuſtom of voluntary Vow to die with their Lord, being called by the barba-
| . , rous People , Devotion ; there were very few of their Followers and Familiars that would vow to
| die' with other Captains ; but on the other fide., thouſands commonly followed Sertoy5ms , having
, vowed to loſe their lives with him. And for proof hereof it is reported., that when. his Army on a
time was overthrown by a certain City 'of S2AIN the Enemies eagerly purſuing him, theS ypa-
The $pmizrds NTARD S not regarding their own:lives to ſave his, rook him upon ſhoulders, and ſo
ſove to Sertori= him from man to man upon them Jill they put him into the Ciry, who being ſafe and out of danger,
us. ..-. .» they then looked by running to ſave themſelves the beſt they could. Thus was Serrorias not onely
| beloved of the Span1aRDs , bur'of other: Souldiers:alſo that came out of ITazty,. For when
Perpenns j0y- Pyrperna Pento ," being of the ſame FaQtion , arrived in SPA 1N; full of Money, and with a good
neg with 807- number of Sopldiers , intending to' make War in his behalf againſt eſereliws, his Souldiers fell our
E with him , and had none other talk'in his Camp but of Seyrori»s : rhe which ſpighted Perpenna
to the heart , being proud and ſtately by means: of his Wealth and Eſtate, coming of a noble Houſe,
News being come that Pompey way paſt over the mountains Pyrenei, the Souldiers armed them-
ſelves , and plucked up their Enſigns "that werefaſt in the ground , and cried out upon Perpemng to
lead them to Sertorixs, threatning him that if he would not , they would leave him alone , and ſeek
them a Captain that could both- ſave himſelf and them, So was Perpenra forced againſt his will to
follow their minds , and to lead the three and fifry Enſigns he had with him , to joyn with Ser-
torins Force, Thus became Sertorims Army very great , and ſpecially after all the Cities on this fide
Ebrus fl, the River of Ebrus had yeelded unto him. For then came Souldiers to him out of all parts, howbeir
they were a raſh confuſed multitude of Omnigatherum together , having no reaſon nor patience to
abide time , but cried out in , to ſet upon their Enemies. This troubled Sertorixu much,ſeeki
firſt to quiet them by reaſon and perſwaſion. But when he ſaw they fell ro mutiny , and would needs
- havetheir wills, and both without reaſon and all good order would fo go ſet upon their Enemies : he
gave them the head, and let them go as they would , knowing well enough would pay for their
tolly ; but yer took ſuch order and direction , as they ſhould not utterly be caft away , hoping after
that to have them the more obedient unto him. And indeed they had their payment as he conjectu-
red; notwithſtanding he went to reſcue them , and ſo-brought them ſafe into his Camp. Now to
take away the fear and perplexity from them , which this Overthrow perhaps had ftricken into them ,
A fne device Pmediarely after he cauſed his whole Army to afſemble , as purpolingto ufe ſome ſpeech unto them.
of Sertoriue co At Which time he cauſed two Horſes to be brought and ſer in the among them, the one an old
teach men the and feeble Jade ,and the other a goodly- luſty Horſe , which beſides other things, bad a marvellous
benefir of crime fair thick tail. Behind the old lean Jade , he ſet a lufty all Fellow : and behind the goodly Horſe
and perfeve- | alſo, he placed a little weariſh man, and ſeeming to ſight to have but ſmall ſtrength. | Now upon a
rance-. - fign given them which he bad madethem privy to, the ſtrong man cook the lean Horſe by the
rail with all his might, as if he would have pluckt it off by che ſtump : and the other weariſh man
fell to plucking off hair by hair from the great Horſe tail. So when the ftrong man had tugged
- and ſwera great while in vain at the leari Horſe tail , thinking to have plucked ir off, and in the end
Sertorius words did nothing elſe but makethe lookers on laugh : and that the weariſh wrerch on the other fide ina
tohis Soul- ſhort ſpace ( andateaſe ) had left the great Horſe tail with never a hair on it : Sertorim chen riſing
ers, dechuring up , ſpake in this ſort to his Souldiers : Do ye not ſee ( my Friends and Companions ) faith he, bow
pe incenc of time and perſeveranceexceedeth force? and that things unlikely at the firft to be — by force,
rn” yet in time by little and little obtained ? For continuance overcomerh all things , 60
SERTORIVS. 493
-
Force nor Power , but proceſs of time conſumerh and bringeth to nought , being a moſt certain
help to thern that can take opportunyy ,. and abide time; as in contraxiwile haſte w. raſhneſs is as
dangerous an Enemy as may be to, them that doxhings of a head without regard. By theſe common
devices wherewizh Sercorsx daily acquainted the barbarous People, he taught chem to abide the op-
portunity of time. But of all the Stratagems he uſed in War , that onely exceeded all other , which
he ſhewed unto a. People called the CHARACITANIANS, The People do dwell on the other
fide of the River of Tagus , and baye neither Cities nor villages tor their cammon abode, but onely
agreat high Hil, full of bollow Cayes and deep holes among the Rocks, looking towards the North.
At the foot of this Mountain the pe 4 ſlimy ground, and fo rotten, that it is notable The Characira-
to bear a man , bur being troden on , eh like white lime , and turneth to duſt under his feet. nizns , whar
And therfore by means of the ſame , when thofe People were afraid of any Enemies, or that they ?*o9!erhey be. '%
had conveyed the Goods they had robbed and ftotn- from their Neighbours into thoſe Caves , they 4% "wt
thought themſelves fate , if they were once gotten into them : tor it was impoſlible tro compell them
to come out. Now it chanced that Serrorix« flying from Metelus , came and encamped hard by this
Hill which theſe barbarous People inhabited , who wade no reckoning of him , imagining Mere!
had overthrawn him. But Serrorixe , being in a rage: with them, and becauſe he would ſhew that
be fled not, took, his Horſe-back the next morning, and rode as near tothe Hill as he could , to
view the nature and ſcituation of the place : and when he ſaw there, was no way to bring a man ito
it, be frened, and walked up and down, vainly threatning them to no purpoſe. Yet going and *
coming to and fro, be perceived the wind railed a great duſt, of chat brittle earth we have ipoken of,
and carried it full imo the CHARACITANIANS holes , the mouths whereof , as we ſaid before ,
pniſeos. This Northern wind which ſome call Cecias , is the onely wind of all, 4.
that moſt keeperh in that quarter , and riſerh from the Moors and Mountains thereabouts, 20ainf -
mn or wnmes ye Arann with ſnow , and then in the heat of Summer is nouriſhed and inforced batbarous Peo-
by the melting of the ice and ſnow , and ſo blowerh a jolly cool wind , which refreſheth the barba- ple called rhe
rous People and Beaſts all the day long. Sertorizs marking this with himſelf, and underſtanding by Characitanians
the Inhabitants thereabours , that this wind blew commonly among them : commanded his Souldi-
ers to gather a great quantity of this light brittle earth together and to raiſe a mount of it , right
inſt the other Hill, The barbarous People made a mockery of it at the firſt , thinking Serrorins
would have made a Mount to have m_ with them upon it : bowbeit he went on with his work
till night came, and then brought his Souldiers back, again into his Camp. The next morning b
break of day there was a pretty little wind ſtirring , that onely blew off the rop of his forced Mount ,
and the higheſt part of that maſs of earth, as chaff when they winnow Corn :' and as the Sun
began to have any power , the North wind alſo roſe, which torthwith filled all the Hill with duſt.
And withall came Sertor5s Sould.ers , whothrew down the hill to the bottom , which they had ga-
thered the day before ; and brake all thoſe dry clods of clay in pieces. The Horſemen on the other
fide , they ſtill managed their Horſes up and down init, to raiſe up the greater duſt , which the wind
carried as ſoon as it roſe, and blew into the Caves of theſe barbarous People, tull in their faces,
their holes and rifts of the Rocks, So they having no other vents nor air any way , bur
there where the wind blew upon them : itdid ſo blindfold their eyes, and filled cheir Caves with ſuch
a bot ſtuffing air, that they were almoſt choaked withall , not able to take breath. For when they
ſhould draw their breaths, this ſtuffing air and duſt came in at their mouths ſo faſt , that they had
much ado to hold out rwo days , on the third yeelded themſelves unto Sertorizs mercy : the
which thing did not ſo much increaſe his Power , as it wan him Honour ; by policy to have won
ſuch an unlikely Conqueſt , which by force could never have beengotten, and where to fight was a
matter impoſlible. So long therefore as he made War with Mere/lus alone , he commonly had
the advantage of him , becaule Metellxs was an old man and heavy , and could not reſiſt Sertorius
youth , that led a liglu Army , like rather to a company of Theeves and Robbers, thancoan. 0 , ,
Army of men of War. But afterwards when Pompey was come over the Mountains Pyrenei, anon nr eng n
and that both of them were encamped each before other , and that Pompey had ſhewed him all the =
and Policies of War poſlible for a good Captain todevice, and he the like unto Pompey,
and found that Sertorix« had the better of him , both in laying his Ambuſhes , and alſo in foreſeeing
10 imrap him : then the fame of Sertorixs to be ſo great, that even in ROME it ſelf he was
thought to be the nobleſt Captain, and of beſt conduQtion of any man in his time. Yet was Pompey
at that time of great fame and reputation, which afterwards ilſo waxed greater, by the noble as
he did under $542, who gave him the Surname of Pomp:y the great , forthat he deſerved the honour
of Triumph before his beard was grown. - So , when he was come thus into Sy a 1N , divers Towns
and Cities ſubje&: unto Serrorias, were half in mind to yeeld unto Pempey : but afterwards they
altered again, -upon the chance that happened unto the City of LauzoN , beyond all expeRation.
For Serterius being gone to lay ſiege to it, Pompey in baſte went thither with his Army to raiſe the :
Siege. Near .unto the City there was a little Hi oy conn Coy in, and alſo ___
co diſtreſs them of the City : whereupon the one made ra get it , and the other to keep him ,4,*4.; 302
from it, ing , Sertorin Was the firſt man, and gor the Hill ; and Pompey came even 25S x auron.
be had raken it , who-was very glad it bad ſo fallen-our., thinking to bave made Serrori ſure at thar
time , being kept in on the one fide with the Ciry .of LauzON, and with his Army onthe other.
Thereupon he ſent unto-the Cirttzens , and bade them care for nothing, more then to ſtand upon
their Walls at their pleaſure , to ſee Sertorime ſtraightly beſieged , who chought to have _—_
. them.
Sertorius won-
IE OD. OY
_ _ maulFr lf >c- =o»
m CE et ts ae es a ths
he
494
SERTORITUS.
—— ——
Sertorius wor-
thy ſaying of a
Caprain.
Sertorius burne
the City of
Lauron in Pom-
peys ſight.
Scrtorius of
himſelf inyin-
Cible.
Batcell berwixt
Sertorius and
Pom;ep.
Pompey fled
Sertorzus at
_Sucron,
Serterius mock
to Pompey.
them, This Meſſage eng brought to" Sertorizs , he ſmiled at it, and ſaid , that be. would ceach $y/-
{a*s young Scholars ( for 1o oe he callett Pompey) that a wiſe Captain ſhould rather ſee be-
hind then before him : and therewirha he ſhewed*the 'LAuxoRt Ta Ns five thouſarid Foorman
well armed , which he bad left if! his Camp whey he Caine to rake'the Hill were he was; to the end
that if Pompey came by chance' to aſſail him'; they ſhould gives Charge upon his Rereward. Pom-
pey having found this too late, -durft not offer S##to+}s5" Barrel, Fearing-to be computſſed m behind ;
and on the other ſide he was-afhained' to forfik®theLiquzonT a N's , Whom'he was driven in
the end to ſee utterly ſpoyled andteftroyed before fiis-eyes, and Qurſt not once Rtir'to help them,
The barbarous People of the-Countrey ipart ſeeing/no hope of aid 'by him : yeelded ftraight umo
Sertorius , who did not onely pardon them, but alſo' ſuffered them to go whither they would.- How-
beit he burnt the' Ciry , for no' ks Op or ctuelty (being a Caprain thar never- ſhewed-cruelty-in
anger ) but to ſhame Pompey withall-, and 'to ſtop'theit mouths'that-made ſuch account of him - and
that this bruit might run among 'the ' barbar6us- People , - that Pompey -himfelf being preſenc;;
and' might in manner have warmed ' him by the 'fire that burnt a goodly City of his Confederates;
neither durft nor could help thei” Indeed Se3r455% cin contimuance- of this War ſuſtained much
loſs and great hurt , howbeit it was always through the fault of his Lieutenanss+'for.5 astouchingt
himſelf, he was never overthrown ,-fior thoſe he led. And yet” he ever wan--moxe'/honout in
recovering of thoſe 'Battels which his Captains loft , then his. Enemies did thar' had-puvthem tothe
worſe, As in the Batrell he' wan againft ow "As the City of SucroN : and in-another be
wan againſt Pompey and Xetellus both by the City of Tut T14. ' And: as for. the overthrow: of
SucRON , it is thought it came through Pompeys ambition , making the more haſte for-fear 44
rellw ſhould be partaker of the honour of his Victory : and that was the thing"Sertorius looked
for , to fight before eHete/us came to-joyn 'with him , atd*rherefore be fought the :Battell-wich
Pompey towards night , ſuppoſing the darkneſs of the night would-'trouble his Enemies much, be a
help to ſave themſelves if they were overcome, and'alſo to chaſe the Enemies if ir fo happened they
had the upperhand , becauſe they wereſtrangers and knew- not the Countrey. 'When both -Bartels
came to give Charge , Serroriny at the firſt was not direRtly againſt Pompey ; bur-againſt Afravius
who led the left Wing of Pompeys Battell , and himſelf was in'the right bp. his own. Battell,
Howbeit Sertoriz being advertiſed that the left Wing of his own Army againſt which Pompey foughr,
was in ſuch diſtreſs as they gave back; and could'abide no longer ; if they were-not preſently aided,
ſtraight left the leading of the” right Wing, which he aſſigned over eo other of- his Captains, and
ran with all ſpeedpoſhble unto the-left Wing, which were then even as good as flying. And- firft
he gathered them together again” which had turned'their backs ,”and after put thoſe alſo in good or-
der that were yet a fighting ; and ſo having encouraged them , both with his words and the preſence
of his perſon , he gave a new Charge again upon Pompey , more -couragiouſly.chen before, ( who
thinking he had already won the Field , wasthen'a chaſing ſuch as fled ) and came fo fiercely upon
him , that he put all the whole Army of-the Romans to flight , -infomuch as Pompey himſelf
eſcaped killing in the Field very hardly , being fore hurt , and faved by a ftrange mean. For the
AFRICANS of Sertorins having taken Pompeys Horſe ( which was richly trapped with Harneſs
of Gold and other precious Furniture ) falling out among themſelves , and Gotning for deviſion of
the ſame , in the mean time let Pompey go , and never tollowed after him. Afranime again on the
other ſide , whileſt Serrorius was gone to help the other Wing of his Battell, made-them all flie that
ſtood before him, and followed killing -of them even into the Trenches of their Camp, entring in
amongſt them that fled , and ſpoiled the Camp, being dark night , knowing nothing of Pompeys
Overthrow , neither could he withdraw his men from ſpoyl. Sertorizs alſo coming thither upon
the inſtant , finding Pompeys men in diſorder, flew anumber of them, and the next morning betimes
armed his men again , and brought them out into rhe Field to-fight once more with Pompey. Bur
receiving intelligence that Merellus was at hand , he ſounded the Retreat , and diſlodged from the
place he incamped , ſaying : Had not that old Woman come , I would have whippedthat young Boy
ro ROME with rods, Now was Sertorizs very heavie , that no man could tell him what was become
of his white Hind : for thereby all his ſubtilry and fineneſs to keep-the barbarous People in obedi-
ence was taken away , and then ſpecially when they ſtood inneed- of moſt comfort. But by good
hap, certain of his Souldiers that had loft themſelves in the night , mer with the-Hind in their way ,
and knowing her by her colour took her and brought her back again, S#:oriw hearing of her ,
promiſed them a good reward , ſo that they would tell no living 'creature that-rhey brought her
again , and thereupon made her to be ſecretly kept. Then within-a few days after, he came abroad
among them , and with a pleaſant countenance told the Noblemen and chief Captains of theſe bar-
barous People, how the gods had revealed to him in his Dream; that he ſhould: ſhortly have amar-
vellous good thing happen to him : and with theſe words fate down in bis Chair to give audience.
Whereupon they that kept the Hind not far from thence , did ſecretly let her go. The Hind be-
ing looſe , when ſhe had ſpied Sertorixs , ran ftraight to his Chair -with great joy., and. put her
head betwixt his legs, and layed her mouth in his -right hand ;-as ſhe before was wonr'to do, Ser-
torius alſo made' very much of her ,- and of purpoſe appeared marvellous glad , ſhewing ſuch tender
affetion to the Hind , as it ſeemed the water" ſtood- in his eyes'for -' The barbarous People
that ſtood there by and beheld the ſame, at the firſt were much amazed therewith, but afterwards
when they had better bethoughr themſelves , fox joy they clapped their hands together, and waited
upon Sertorixs to his Lodging with- great and joyfull ſhouts, ſaying, and ſtedfaſtly believing, _
| ; ,
> o— PD — -
SERTORIVS. wo
— ——_——
he was a heavenly creature, and beloved of the gods : whereupon they were marvellouſly pleaſed
in their minds , and cerramly boped that their Affairs ſhould proſper daily better and better. Ano-
ther time having ftraighened his Enemies with ſearciry of Victuals , inthe Territory of the Sacnx-
TINES , he was by torce contpelſed to fighr agzmft his will , for that they fent great Troops of gerres;y; '
men-'to torrage the Countrey , to get V ittuals. Upon the encounter it was valiantly fought of either afermius,
fide, where ſemis was lain-, ( the valiameſt Captain Powpry had ) couragioully fighting in Pompeys Lieus
the middeft of the Battell. SrFrov3#s finding himſelf the Rronger , followed his firſt Wing, makmg *29"*- |
great flaughter of thofe chat wirhtood him , untill he came unto Xcrolxs ſelf, who tarried his co-
ming , detehdimg bimifetf more vatiantty then was either hoped or looked for in 4 man of his years.:
inſomuet! as he byes at che laſt burr with a Partizan, Which was fuch a difſhoriour to the Rowaws ;
not unto thery onely that faw it ; but unto fuch alfo as heard of ir, that being all aſhamed to ſorfake
their Caprain/, and turning their thame into anger apaigft their Enemies, they covered Aerellus Shame turned
found about with their Shields and Targets, and getting him out of the preſs and fury of the Fight, ioco anger:
gave ſuch a fierce ofnſer , as they drave the SpAN1aRDs to flie, Thus fortune changing the Vi-
ctory , Sertvrins to give his ſcatrered men time to ſave themſelves, and leiſure alſo for a new ſupply
( which he caufed co be preſently leavied ) ro come at their pleaſure, fied of purpoſe into a Ciry of
the Mountains of ſtrong ſituation , and there ſetring a good face of the matter , repzired the Ram-
piers arid fotrifted che Gares, thinking nothing lels then to abide there ro be beſieged , but onely to
lay a bait for his Enemies , coming to befiege the City , hoping they ſhould eafily win it, and in
the mean time left purſuing of che barbarous People, which had thereby good leiſure given them to
ſave themſelves. Furthermore , they took no order to ſuppreſs the new ſupply that was coming to c....-..1.;
Sertorins , who had ſent out his Captains to the next Cities and Shires adjoining to leavy men, with nad of Ont
expreſs comrandiment, that when they had muſtered a convenient number together , they ſhould
ſend them unto him , as they did. So when he underſtood of their coming , he eaſily paſſed through
his Enemies to meet them, and with them ſuddenly came back again , and harried his Enemies
worſe then before , ſometime cutting their Victuals-trom them by Land , through his Ambuſhes and
continuall ſubrill policies , being quickly in every place whither they thought to go, with his light Ar-
my ; and on the Sea alſo with certain Pyrates Pinnates , with the which he ſcoured all the C oaft upon
the Sea fide, By this mearis both the Captains his Enemies were compelled to fever themſelves far
one from the other ; inſoniuch as Xetellus went to winter in GAuLE , Pempey remained in SPAIN
( in great ſcarcity of all things for lack of Money) to winter in the Territories of the Vacce1-
ANS, and wrote to the Senate of Rome, that he would return with his Army into ITary , if
they ſent him not Money out of hand, for that he had ſpent all his own, daily fighting for the
defence of Ita Ly. Thus it was certainly thought at ROME that Sexroriys would be in ITaLy be-
fore Pompey , becauſe he had through his valiancy and great skill brought two of the moſt famous
Captains ot their time to great extremity and diſtreſs. Then did Mete/l/wus ſhew how much he fea- Metellus feared
red Serrori#5;, and how he thought him a great-and dreadfull Enemy. For he proclaimed by ſound $:440r4ue. ©
of Trumpet ., that if any ROMA N could kilf him , he would give him a hundred Silver Talents, and
tweity thoufand Jugera of Land : and if he were a baniſhed man , he promiſed he ſhould be reſtored
ro his Countrey and Goods again , buying his death by Treaſon , whom he could not overcome by
force. And ſurthermore , being his chance once to win a Bartell of Scrrorics , he was fo jocend 1,,,,y,, made
and proud for this Victory , that he would needs therelore be called Imperator, to ſay , Prince or himſelfbe
Soveraign Captain : and was conretited the People thou'd fer up Altars and do *acrifices tnto called Impera-
him in every City where he came. And it is furthermore reported of him, that he wore Garlands
of Flowers on his tread , and would be bidden ro difſolute Banquets, fitting at the Table in a trium-
phing Robe : and they made Images of Victory go up and down the Hall , moved by certain fe-
cret _— carrying Triumphs ot Gold , and Crowns and Garlands of Triumph , and Dancers Metcllus vani-
of goodly yoimg Boys and fair Girles following of them , with Songs of Triumph in his praiſe. ty.
Whereth donbrle(s he deſerved ro be laughed at , ſhewing himfelf ſo much carried away with joy
and vain glory, for -one overthrow given utito him , whom himſelf was wont ro call Sy/la's fugi- |
ive, and rhe Yemnant of the baniſhed men of {arbo. On the other fide , Serrorires noble courage $e720rius nob'e
was eaſtly difcerned : firſt , for that he called che banifhed men which were eſcaped from Rom, mind.
and come to him , Senztors : and having them about him , calledrhemhe Senate , making fome of
them Treafeters, others Prztors , directing and ordering allthings according to the manner of his
Cotinrrey. And in this'alfo, that making Wars with the Souldiers of the Ciries of Spar,
- ahd'defraying 'the ſame at their own charges, yer he never gave them any Authority , ſo much as
in word, but ruled them'always with Roman Officers and Captains : faying till , that he fought
for the liberty 'of the People of RoME , and not to increaſe the glory and Power of the $ra-
NIARDS , 't6 the hiirt aid diſhonour of the Rowans. For to Tay truly of him , he ever lo- ceeeatins ths
ved 'His « ountrey well, and longed 'much to be ent for home again : and yet in his greateſt rrou- qgyrable re- |
bles, 'when 'chings thwarted him moſt , then was his mind greateſt , yeelding no manner of ſhew or ſpe unco his
appearance to His Enerhies , of any faint heart or diſcourapement in him; Again , when he was in Countrey.
teſt:proſperiry., Hd had nioft advantage of his Enemies, he ſent unto Merellns and Pompey both, — mT
letting them underſtind,'thar for his part 'he 'was cofitent to lay Armes aſide, and to live at home ie
like a (private 'min, 'ſo 'that he might be/lawfully:reftored and called home by Edict : and that he gerroriue aff.
had 'rather be 'tounted *the 'meaneſt Cirizen/in RomE , 'then 'being a'baniſhed man out of his Coun- &ion to his
trey,, to'be called Eiperour of the World. And-it is'faid, that one bf rhe chiefeſt cauſes which _ Ceuntrey,
1nN
496 SERTORIUS.
him defire ſo much to be called home again , was the tender love he bare unto his Mother ( that
had brought him up from the time of his Fathers death ) upon whom he caſt all his love and delight ;
infomuch as after- that his friends in SPpAa1N had ſent for him to come to be their Captain, and
Sertorius nary- that he had been a while among them , receiving news that his Mother was departed out of the
rall love to his World ,, it ſo ſtrake him to the heart, that he had almoſt died for ſorrow. For he lay ſeven days
Meter, together continually on the ground weeping , and never gave his Souldiers the Watch-word, nor
would be ſeen of any of his friends : untill that the other Noblemen and Captains of his own
eſtate, came to him to his Tent , and were ſo importunate of him by intreaty and perſwaſion, that
they got him out of his Tent to ſhew himſelf to his Souldiers, to ſpeak to them, and to take or-
der for his Afaires , which proſpered very well, By theſe ſigns many have judged, that he was of
4 courteous and pitifull nature , and that naturally he was given to be quiet and peaceable : how-
beit, that he was forced of neceſlity to take charge of men of War , becauſe he could not other.
wiſe live quietly nor ſafely , being purſued by his Enemies, which would never let him reſt , and
thereupon entred into War , for his own guard and fafery., The Treaty ſelf he made with King
Mithridates , argued his noble mind. For when eH:thridates whom Sy/a had overcome was reco-
vered again (like a Wreſtler that being overthrown , getteth upon his feet to try another fall
with his Enemy.) and took upon him to invade As14 , Sertoris fame was then ſo great, that he
was ſpoken of through the World , by Merchants coming from the, Weſt , who blew abroad the re-
port thereot all the Eaſt parts over , even into the Realm of Por , like to Merchandizes which
they went to ſeek for in ſtrange Countries. Whereupon AMithridates being perſwaded by the vain
vaunts of his favoured Courtiers , who compared Serrorius-to Hannibal, and himſelf unto Kin
Pyrru, ſaying , that the Romans being ſet upon by them both, could not withſtand rwo ſuch
excellent natures , and great Powers together , when the nobleſt Captain of the World ſhould 'be
joyned with thie greateſt and moſt puiſſant Prince that ever was : ſent thereupon his Ambaſſadours
Mithridates into Spain unto Sertorsxs , With full Power and Commiſſion to promiſe him Money and Ships to-
ſent Ambaſſa= wards the maintenance and charge of this War , in recompence whereof he defired that Serroriuu
dours unto ould redeliver him the poſſefſion- of A's 1A again, the which he had ſurrendred up unto the Ro-
open. _ '" MANS upon the Peace made betwixt him and Sy//a. Sertorins hereupon called his Councell toge-
ther (which he termed the Senate) to conſult upon this matter. And when they were all of Opi-
nion that he ſhould accept Xthridares offers , and were exceedingly glad of the ſame, conſidering
that they asked them nothing but a Title in the air , and a name of things which were not in their
power , offering them therefore things preſent , whereof they had greater need ; yet would Sertori-
Sertorius noble x never agree thereunto. Notwithſtanding , thus much he granted Mithridates , that he ſhould
and worthy enjoy CAP PADOCIA and. BITHYNIA , which had ever been Countries ſubje& unto Kings, and
7 wag Mi whereunto the ROMans had never any right : excepting this ſpecially that he would never ſuffer
queſts. **” himto uſurp any Countrey , unto the which the ROMA ws had any juſt Title, and the which he
had loſt in Wars by force of 'Armes unto Fimbria , and had afterwards alſo willingly ſurrendred
Sertorius wor= by agreement made betwixt him and Fy/la, - For he ſaid he would enlarge the Empire of Rows
thy ſaying, through his ViRories , but not impair or hurt it by his Conqueſts. For a valiant man ( ſaid he)
ſhould covet to conquer with honour, but in no wiſe defire life with diſhonour, His Anſwer being
reported unto King Mithridgtes , did much amaze him : and ſome have written, that he then ſaid un-
to his familiars ; What would Sertorins command us then, if he fate among them in the Senate at
Rowe, who being an exilenow, and remaining in the fartheſt part of the World by the Sea Atlan-
ticum, doth take upon him to bound the certain Confines of our Kingdom , threatning usalſo with
Wars, if we attempt any thing againſt 4/4 ? All this notwithſtanding , they were agreed upon
| gs . Oaths taken between them, that Aithridates ſhould enjoy the Countries of Cay paDocia and
Ate "way B1THYNIA, and that Seytorixs ſhould ſend him one of his Captains with aid of men of War ;
' and that upon performance thereof , the King ſhould give him the ſum of three thouſand Talents ,
MX. Marius ſent and forty Ships of War. So Sertori«s ſent thither one of his Captains called Marcus Marin,
unto Mithrida- a Senator of RoME , who fled tohim for ſuccour : with whom Mithridates diſtreſſed certain Ci-
"ws. ties of As1a. And when Marivs entred into them , with his Serjeants carrying the bundles of Rods
_.,. , and Axesbefore him, as before a Proconſull of the Romans, Mithridates gave him the upper
---. _ %; hand, as his better, and followed after him. Furthermore, efari»s did ſet certain Cities at liber-
—_ Pro- ty , and wrote unto others, declaring unto them , that Serrorizs of his grace and goodneſs did re-
con(ull, the up- leaſe them of their T'ax and Cuſtoms they paid : ſo that poor As14 which had been oppreſſed
perhand, by the covetouſneſs of the Treaſurers and Farmers of the ROwans., and alſo by the pride and
inſolency of the Souldiers which lay in Garriſon among them , began to have ſome hope of change,
and to defire the alteration of Government, which Serrorius offered. But on the other fide, the
Senators of Rom that were in SPAIN as baniſhed men in Sertorius Army , and of the like dig-
nity and eſtate tharhimſelf was of, they hearing ſay that all was well again at ROmE, and perſwa-
Theenvy of Cling themſelves that they ſhould be ſtrong enough for their Enemies , having no cauſe to fear any
Perpenna unto More danger , began then to envie- Ser ori greatneſs and Authority ; but Perpenna ſpecially among
Sertorius. other , who by reaſon of his Nobility , being puft up with a vain preſumption and ambitious ſelf-
will, praGtiſed to make himſelf chief of all the Army, and to that end threw forth amongſt his
_ oa on friends and familiars ſuch kind of ſeditious words : © What curſed fortune ( quoth he ) my friends
—_ m_ <*4oth daily haunt us worſe then other , making us that were willing to obey Sy//a ( commanding at
Sertorjus, <« this day both Land and Sea at his will ) to chooſe rather to forſake our Lands and Countrey ? And
now
=”.
ws
%
—_—— SERTORIOS
— x
&« now being come hither in hope to live at-liberty , we willingly make our ſelves Slaves , beco-
497
** ming Serrorixs Guard for defence'ot his perlon in exile ; who to requite us withall, payeth us
* with fair words , calling usthe Senate , whereat every man laugheth to hear us ſo called
« and. in fine we muſt- abide this diſhonour to be at his commaiidment , /and- drudge and take as
© much pains as the SPANIARDS and Lus1TANIANS do themſelves, Hereupon the more
part of them being carried away with theſe mutinous words, durſt not yet ſhew themſelves in
acuall rebefiion againſt Sertorsxs , being afraid of his Authority : howbeit ſecretly underhand they
overthrew his doings , by ſhewing extream cruelty" unto the barbarous People , by pretext of
Juſtice , impoſing great pay ments upon them , giving out it was Seytorizs commandment, By
which their lewd practiſes , many Cities revolred againſt him, and put themſelves into his Ene-
mies hands: and they daily alſo raiſed new murinies and rebellions upon him. Furthermore , thoſe
whom he ſent to pacifie the rumulrs, did handle themſelves in ſuch fort, that where they ſhould
have quieted the grudges and rebellions of the People , they fer them farther out, and procured new
tumults. Hereupon was Serrorius gentle nature and former goodneſs ſo altered, that he commit-
ted a moſt cruel] a&t upon ll the Noblemens children of that Land , which he brought up at
School in the City of Osc a : for ſome of them he put to death , and others he ſold as Slaves.
Thus Perpenna having many aſſociates in his wicked Conſpiracy _= Sertorins, brought into his
Confederacy alſo one called «/an/:45 , who had chieteſt charge in all the Army. This Marlins lo-
ved a young Boy exceedingly , and becauſe he would ler him know- be toved"him:well , be told
him on a time the whole plot of this Conſpiracy, willing him not to reckon4hy more of others
love but of his, and to love him onely : for he ſhould tee him a-great man befofe it were long.
The young Boy loving another better then him , called Asfidius, went atid-teveal&d'tmtoibim all
that Manlixs had told him. Aafidixs marvelling to hear the Boy made privie'to't , ſceitighhn-
ſelf alſo was of the Confederacy , and knew ,not yet that X/arlizs was one of thetn. "And Win
the Boy alſo named Perpenna,Grecinw.,-and ome other whom Aufidins knew wealto be of &un-
ſell , he was worſe afraid then before ,/bur yer ſeemed to make little of it ,-and told the Boy : for
that matter-it was nothing , and -counſelled\him- notto credit anlins words, who was but a vain
man , and boaſted of that which was not true, -and did it onely but to deceive him, This. notwith-
ſtanding ,-departing thence , he'went forthwith unto Perp:nna, and rold him how their praRice
werdiorentd , declaring further whatvdanger they were in , if it were not ſpeedily put in execu-
tion, Allitie Confederates agreed it was*tzue that he faid , and thereupon they deviſed this Trea-
ſon. They had ſuborned a Meſſenger to bring counterfeic Letters to Sertorims , feigning in the
fame that 'one of his Lieutenants' had won a great Battel! , in the which he had lain a marvel-
lous number of his Enemies. Sertorixs being very glad of the goodnews , made Sacrifice unto the
gods to give them thanks. Whereupon , Perpenna taking the preſent opportunity , invited Ser.
rorixs to ſupperto him, and all-other bis friends that were preſent every one of the Conſpiracy
with him , and was ſo importunate with Seytorixs , that in the end he promiſed him to come, Now
Sertorins did ever uſe great modeſty at the Bogrd, and would ſuffer no diffolute ralke nor light
parts at his meat, and had acquainted them alſo that uſed his Table , to talk of grave arid wiſe
matters, and yer one to be honeſtly merry with another , without any playing or uncomely talk.
In the middeſt of Supper , they that ſought occaſion of quarrel] , began to ſpeak lewd words,
counterfeiting to be drunk, and to play many vile parts, of purpoſe to anger Sertorius. Where-
upon Sertorius , Whether it was that he could not abide to ſee thoſe villanous parts, or that he
miſtruſted rheir ill will rowards him , by fumbling of their words in their mouths, and by their
unwonted irreverent manner ſhewed unto him : fell backwards upon the Bed where he fate at
Meat, feeming no more ro mark what they did 'or ſaid, Perpenn. at that inftant took a Cup
full of Wine, and making as though he drank , ler it fall of purpoſe. The Cup falling down
made a noiſe , and that was the 'Sign given -atnong them, Therewithall Azronizs that fare about
Sertorius at the Table , ſtabbed him in with his Dagger. Serrorv teeling the thruſt, ſtrove to riſe :
bur the traiterous murthexer got upon Serrorize breaft , and held both his hands, And thus was
Sertorix« cruelly murthered, not able to defend himſelf , all the Conſpirators falling upon him,
Serterins death being blown abroad , the moſt part of the SpraniarDs ſent Ambaſſadours im-
mediately unto Pompey and Aerellys , yeelding themſelves unto them , and Perpeyna with thoſe that
remained with him , attempted to do ſomething with Serreri#s Army and preparation ; bur all
fell out to his utter deſtryRion and ruine , making the World know that he was a wicked man,who
could neither command , nor knew how to. obey. For he went to affail Powpey , who had over-
thrown him ſtraight, and was in the end taken Prildner. And yet in that inftant of his calamity,
hedid not uſe himſelf like a valiant minded man, and one worthy to rule : for , thinking to fave
his life, having Serror;#s Letters and Writings, be offered Pompey ro deliver bim all $:rrorixs Letters
ſent him from thechiefeſt Senators of Row , written with their own hands, requeſting Sertorixs
to bring his Army into ITALY,
and that gaped ſtill for change of Government, But here did Pomp:y ſhew himſelf a grave and
Sertorius flew
the Spaniards
Sons.
The Treaſon
of Perpenns
and his com-
plices againſt
Scrtorius.
The treaſon
deviſed againſt
Sertorius,
Sertorius mo-
deſty ar his
Table,
The murther
of Sertorius,
Perpenna taken
by Pompey.
where he ſhould find numbers of People deſirous of his coming, : ompey's wil.
om in bur.
ning Scrtorius
no young man, delivering thereby rhe City of Rome from great fear and danger of change and Lerers,
innovation. For he pur all Sertorivs Letrers and Writings on a heap together, and burnt them Perpenne and
every one , without reading any of them, or ſuffering them to be tread. And moreover, he pre- dis Conlpira.
ſently put- Perpenna to death, ſearing be ſhould name ſome , which if they were named , would
breed new occaſions of troyble and ſedition, And as for the other Conſpirators , _ =
aiterwards
rors put to
death by Pont
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afterwards were brought to Pempey , who pur them all to death : and the reft of them fled into
AFR1Cx , where they were all overthrown by them of the Countrey , and not a man of them
ſcaped , bur fell unfortunately upon the edge of the Sword , Arfidius onely except , AManlins
companion in love, Who, either becauſe he was not reckoned of ,, or elſe unknown , died an
old man in a pelting Village of the barbarous Feople , poor , miſerable , and hated of all the
World.
The end of the Life of Sertorius,
- — O— —————_— Es root or ee es es
THE LIFE OF
317.
* EERNAN 5 | =» ||Uris the Hiſtoriographer writeth, that Exmen's was born in the City of
wnrege, © FAC 0” | CarDIA in THRACIA, being a Carriers Son of the ſame Countrey ,
l SZ8-a\\n\M (who for poverty earned his living by carrying Merchandizes to and fro )
\ and that he was notwithſtanding honeſtly brought up, as well at School,
S=\} as at other comely F xerciſes, And furthermore , how that he being but a
-<£&|, Boy, Philip King of Ma c£DoN chancing to come through the City of
Q&A CARDIA, where having nothing to do, he took great pleaſure to ſee
$1] the young men of the City handle their Weapons, and boys to wreſtle :
How Eumenes <= =! and among them, Exmenes ſhewed ſuch aRivity , and performed it with
came to prefer- ſo good a grace withall, that Philip liked the boy well, and rook him
ment by che away with him. But ſure their report leemeſt trueſt , which write that Phil;p did advance him for the
4 of Ma- loyche bareto his Father , in whoſe Houſe he had lodged. After the death of Philip, Emmenes con-
tinued his ſervice with King eA/tx4n4er his Son , where he was thought a wiſe man, and as faithful
ro his Maſter , as any : and though he was called the Chancellor or chief Secretary , yet the King
- did honour him as much as he did any other of his chiefeſt friends or familiars. For he was ſent his
Lieutenant Generall of his whole Army , againſt the InD1AaNns , and was Perdiccas Succeſſor inthe
Government of his Province , Perdiccas being preſerred unto Hephe ſtions charge after his death, Now
becauſe Neopt: lemas ( that was one of the chief Squires for the body unto the King ) after the death
of Alexander told the Lords of the Councell of Maczpow, that he had ſerved the King with
his Shield and Spear, and how Eumenes had followed with bis Pen and Paper : the Lords laugh-
ed him to ſcorn, knowing that beſides many great honours E»menes bad received , the King eſtee-
med ſo well of him, thathe did him che honour by Marriage to make him his Kinſman. For the
firſt Lady that eAlexander knew in As1A, was Bar ſine Artabazus Davghter , by whom he
had- a Son, and called kis Name Hercalcs : and two of her Siſters , he married the one of _
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called Ap4ma unto Ptolomy, and her other Siſter alſo called Barſine, he beſtowed upon E umene,
when he diſtributed the P=xs1aNn Ladies among his Lords and familiars to marry them. Yer all
this notwithſtanding, he often fell in diſgrace with King Alexazder, and ſtood in ſome danger by
means of Hepheſtion. For Hepheftion following Alexanders Court on a time; having appointed
Evins Fife-player a lodging, which ©umenes Servants had taken up for their Maſter : Eumene; be-
ing in a rage, went with one /4entor unto Alexander, crying out, that a man were better be a Fife and
Barſine the
Wife of Eu.
mcenes.
a Common player of Tragedies, then a Souldier, fithence fuch kind of People were preferred before
men of Service that ventured their lives in the Wars. Alexander at that preſent time was as
angry as Eumenes, and roundly took up Hepheſtion for it : howbeit immediately after having chang-
ed his mind, he was much offended with Zxmenes, becauſe he thought him not to have uſed char
frank ſpeech ſo much againſt Hepheſtion, as of a certain preſumptuous boldneſs rowards himſelf.
And at another time allo, when Alexander was ſending Nearchus with his Army by Sea toclear
the Coaſts of rhe Ocean, it chanced the King was without Money : whereupon-he ent to all his
friends to take' up Money in preſt, and among others, unto-Exmenes, of whom he requeſted three
hundred Talents, Exmenes lent him bur a hundred, and faid, he had much ado to get him ſo much
of all his Tenants. Alexander ſaid nothing to him, neither would he ſuffer them to take his hundred
Talents : but commanded his Officers ro tet Exmenes Tent on fire, becauſe he would take him tardy
with a lie, before he could give order to carry away his Gold and Silver. Thus was his Tent burnt
down to the ground, before they could make ſhift ro ſave any thing : the which Alexander repented
afterwards, and was ſorry it was burnt, becauſe all his Letters and Writings were burnt withall. How-
beit, after the fire was quenched, they found in Niggots of Gold and Silver mingted together, about a
thouſand Talents, and yet Alexander took none of ut away, but more then that, he ſent unto all his
Lieutenants, Captains, and Governours ot Countries, whereſoever they were, that they ſhould ſend
him Copies of all the Letters which they before had ſent unto him, becauſe all thoſe which he had were
burnt, and commanded Exmenes to take them again, After that, Exmenes and Hepheſtion fell at
variance again, by reaſon of a Gift that was given him, inſomuch as very foul words paſſed betwixt
Hepheſtion and him : yer did not the King give Exmenes any ill countenance at that time. Notwith-
ſtanding, ſhortly after Hepheſtion was dead, the King taking his death grievoully whom he loved ſo
dearly, gave no good countenance (and was very brief beſides) unto thoſe whom he knew bare any
grudge to Hepheſtion whiles he lived, and tharhe thought were glad of his death, but ſpecially unto
E umenes of ail other, whoſe malice towards Hepheſtion was known to him well enough : inſomuch
as he would twit him withall, remembring him of the injuries he had offered Hepheſtion. But Eu-
menes being very wiſe, and one that could take bis time, procured his help by the ſelf-ſame mean
that did him hurt: and deviſed (to further Alexander defire, ſeeking to honour Hepheſtions Fune-
rall with all Pomp poſſible) new inyentions to fer forth the ſame, of more magniticence then had be-
fore been ſeen, ſparing for no coſt, laying on Money bountifully, ro make him a rich and ſtately
Tomb. Again, when Alexander was dead, there fell out great variance betwixt the Mac £Do-
N1AN Footmen, and the Noblemen that bad been» neareſt about him : and in that quarrell, Exme-
nes in good will ſtuck to the Lords, but in words he ſeemed a Neuter and Friend to both paxs, ſaying,
It was not for him being a ſtranger to thruſt himſelf into the quarrels of the MaczDoxItans. And
when the other Lords were departed from Ba By Lon, Exmenes tarrying behind pacihed the greateſt
part of the Souldiers, and made them more tractable and ready to agree with the Lords, Whereupon
after the Lords and Captains had conſulted together, and taken order for theſe contentions, they
divided the Government of the Provinces among them, which they called Satrapes : in which par-
tition Exmenes had CarPADoOcla, PaAPHLAGONIA, and all that Coaſt upon Mare Ponticum,
unto the Ciry of TRAPEzuNTE, the which atthat time was not ſubject to the Empire of Mac t-
DON, for Ariarathes kept it then as King, Howbeit it was ſaid, that Zeonatus and Antigonu would
put him in poſſeſſion of it, with a great and puiſſant Army, and make him Governour there, Yet after-
wards eAntigonus made none account of Perdiccas Letters unto him, putting him in the head of great
imaginations ro Conquer all, deſpiſing all other. And Leonats alſo came down into Pyry Gra,
and undertook the Journey of this Conqueſt for Exmenes ſake. But when he was in his Journey
thitherward, Hecatens Tyrant of the CarDians, went to him to his Army, and prayed him ra-
- ther co go help Antipater and the other MactDonI1ans, which were belieged in the City of
Lamia, So Leonatus being willing to take Sea, and go thither, went about to perſwade Exmenes
alſoto like of it, and to recviicile him with Hecarexs : tor they were not friends one with another, by
reaſon of a quarrell that Eumenes Father had with this Hecatexs, about the Government of their City.
Beſides that, £umenes had many times complained of him openly unto King Alexander, (aying, that
he was a Tyrant, and beſought -the King that it would pleaſe him to ſet the Carvians at liberty,
And theretore Eumenes retuſing that Journey againſt the GREc1Ans, alleadged that he was a-
fraid of Antipater, who had been his Enemy of longtime, doubting that for the old grudge he bare
him, and alſoto gratifie Hecateus, he would pur him to death : Leonaras then revealed himfelf and
his purpoſe to him, and how he made as though he wonld paſs over the Sea to aid Antipater, where
indeed his meaning was to take the Kingdom of Mactpon. Thereupon he ſhewed him Letters
ſent from Cleopatra, willing him to come to the Ciry of PELLA, and there ſhe would marry
bim, When Exmenes was made private to his purpoſe : either becauſe he feared A4ntiparer, or elſe
tor that he had no great good opinion of Leonatus, knowing him to be a fond man, and very
zalh- and unconſtant in his doings, he ſtole away from him by night , with thoſe few —
Uu a
Eumencs made
Governour of
the Countries
of Cappadocia
and Paphlags-
nia.
OO meYw Du, ov ION oNGNS ac ew torooes Eori F 2-544 x TH org i fs. 7G al £6895
us
w Pot
Lage
500
EUMENE
F I. EP. £5 Op IE - Ws a ;
4 "a
had ( being about three hundred Horſemen, and two hundred Footmen well armed) taking all his
Gold with him, which amounted to the ſum of five thouſand Talents, and fled with them unto
Perdicc as, unto whom he bewrayed all Zeonarus intent and mind: whereupon he was unmediate-
ly of great,credit about him, and called ro Counſell. Shortly after Perdicc as brought him into
CarPPADOCIA, With a great Army which he himſelfdid lead. Where Ariarathes was taken Pri-
ſoner, and E xmenes eſtabliſhed Governour of the Countrey, who delivered the Charge of the great
Cities unto his friends, and left them there Captains of Garriſons which he appointed, placing every
where Judges, Receivers, Governours, and all ſuch other Officers neceſſary as he thought meet,
Perdiccas medling with nothing at all. Notwithſtanding, Exmenes went away with Perdicc as again:
as well to wait upon him, as alſo becauſe he would ever be about the King. But Perdiccas thinking
with himſelf that he alone could well enough perform the enterprize he went about : and confider-
ing alſo that the Realm he left behind him ſtood needfull of a wiſe and skilfull Governour, whom
he might truſt with the ſafery of his State : when they were in C1L1c14, returned Exmenes back
again, under colour to ſend him to his Government, but indeed to keep the Realm of Ax ms-
NIA in obedience, the which confined upon the frontires of his Country whereof he was Gover-
nour, becauſe I eoptolemw did under-hand praftiſe ſome alteration. Now though Neoptolemns was
a proud and inſolent Perſon, yet Emumenes ſtill deviſed to hold him in, and kept him from attempts
by gentle and fair words. Furthermore, prong alſo that the Regiment of the Macz:DoNian
Footmen were grown excecding ſtout and infſolent , he for a ſtrength and defence againſt them,
ſet up a company of Horſemen, and to bring it to paſs, releaſed 'all the Countrymen from pay-
ing of Tribute or Tax, being meet to ſerve on Horſeback, and brought a great number of Horſe
of Service, which he gave amongſt them that were about him, in which he pur his moſt truſt and
affiance, making them _— by Honours and Gifts he gave to them that ſerved well , and (0
by continual Exerciſe and often removing them from place to place, made them very ready and fer-
viceable. Thus were the Noblemen of Ma c tpo x, ſome much amazed, ſome others very glad when
they ſaw how by this diligence £xmenes had in ſo ſhort a time gotten about him ſuch a number, as
ſix thouſand three hundred Horſemen, About that time, {Faters and Antigonus having ſubdued
the GRECIANS , came on with their Army 'into As14 to overthrow Perdiccas greatneſs and
power : and news alſo, that ſhortly they would invade Cayyapocia. Whereupon Perdiccas
being otherwiſe occupied in Wars, fighting againſt Prolomy, made 'Exmenes his Lieutenant Ge-
nerall, and gave him Commiſſion and full Authority over all his Souldiers that were for him, either
in CAPPADOCIA, Orin ARMENtA, and wrote Letters unto "Neoptolemus and Alcetas , com-
manding them by the ſame that they ſhould be obedient unto Exmenes, and ſuffer him to order all
matters accordihg to his diſcretion, Now for Alcet as, he flatly anſwered, that he would not be at this
War : for the Mac Do NIANS under his charge were aſbamed to take Arms againſt eAntipater,
and moreover they would not fight againſt C7arerxs, but contrarily were bent to receive him for
their Captain, ſo much good will they bare him, MNeoprolemus on the other fide, was as ready to
play the Traitor, and to do Exmenes a ſhrewd turn, as eAlcetas was. For being ſent by Eumenes
to cometo him, where he ſhould have obeyed him, he ſet his men in Battle ray to fight with him.
There did Eumenes reap the firſt fruit of his wiſe foreſight of the Horſemen, which he had ſet up
to make head againſt the Footmen of the MaczxDonians. For when his own Footmen were
broken and overthrown, he overcame Neoprolemas, and put him to flight with his Horſemen, and
took all their Carriage. Then he made them march in order of Battle againſt the Maczponians,
who were diſperſed every where, following the chaſe of his Footmen, whom they had overthrown.
Thus coming upon them in this diſorder , he dravethem to throw away their Weapons, and to
yield unto him : and moreover, every man to take his Oath to ſerve him faithfully in this War,
whereſoever he would lead them. Now MNeoptolemns gathering a few together that fled, went with
them unto Craterus and eAntipater : who ſent unto Exmenes to pray him to take their part, with
condition that he ſhould not onely enjoy the Countries and Provinces ſtill which he had in Govern-
ment, but furthermore that they would give him others unto them , and make him ſtronger then
ever he was : beſides that, by the acceptation of the offer, he ſhould be taken for eLntipaters good
friend, where before he was ever reckoned his Enemy. Whereunto Eumenes made anſwer : that ha-
ving always been eAntipaters Enemy, he could not of a ſudden become his Friend, ſpecially ſee-
ing him uſe his Friendsas Enemies : howbeit otherwiſe that he was very willing to make {Faterus
Peace with Perdiccas, and to reftore him again to his favour, upon reaſonable and indifferent con-
ditions. And furthermore, that if he meant to affail him, that then he would aid him ſo long as
he had any breath in his Body, and,would loſe his life before he would break his promiſe. This
anſwer being brought unto eAntipater, they fell ro conſult at leiſure what was to be done. In
the mean ſpace , Neoprolemus that fled upon his overthrow, was come unto them : who told
them how the Battle was fought, and beſought them both very inſtantly ( but Crarerus chietly)
to give him aid if it were poſſible, ' For the Maczpontans were fo far in love with him,
thar if they did but ſee his Hat, and hear him ſpeak , they would all arm themſelves and follow
him, For to ſpeak a Troth, Craterus was had in great eſtimation among the MacEDoNIANS :
inſomuch as after eAlexanders death, he was more deſired of the common Souldiers, then any other
Captain, remembring how often he had for their ſakes incurred eLlexanders diſgrace and dil-
pleaſure, becauſe he went about to perſwade him to leave the King of Pzrs14a's manner, where-
unto «Alexander by little and little gave himſelf : and alſo for chat he maintained and defended the
cuſtom
EUMENES.
cater of the Country of Mac ton, the which every man through pride'and exceſs began to
forſake and contemn. Art that rime therefore {arers ſent Antipater into C111cta, and he him-
ſelf with Neoprolemus, went againſt £umenes with the belt part of his Army, hoping to tike him
tardy and altogether unprovided, ſuppoſing he would give himſelf to pleaſure and paſtime, after
ſo great a Victory. But Eumenes, like a wile and valiant Captain, had taken jſuch order, that he
heard -news time enough of his Enemies coming, and had thereupon prepared his men in readineſs
ro reſiſt him, Yet wasnot this the chiefeſt point of his skill in War : for he looked ſo preciſely
to his doings, that he did not onely keep his Enemies from knowledge of any thing that he did ;
but making his men alſo to kill Craterus in Battle, before they knew againſt whom they ſhould fight,
and to keep alſo ſo dreadtull an Enemy from their knowledge, that of all other ſhewed the patting
Skill of an expert Captain. And'to work this feat the better, this was his policy. Firſt, he
made a rumour” to be ſpred in his Hoaſt, how Neoprolemns and Pigres were again come againſt
bim, with certain Horſemen of all ſorts gathered together, Ca yyadoctans and PaPHLa-
GONIANS. And when he thought to have removed in the night, a great defire of ſleep came upon
him, in the which he had a marvellous ftrange Dream. For it ſcemed unto him that he ſaw two þ,,,....
Alexanders preparing to fight ore with another, eith?r of them leading a battle of Foormen, ranged Hream-
after the Mac EDoNIAN faſhion : who coming to give charge the one upon the other, the god-
deſs Minerva came to aid the one, and Ceres likewiſe to aid the other. Then he thought thar
after they had fought a long time together, he whom eHinerva aided was overthrown, and that
Ceres had gathered ears of Corn and madea Crown of them, to give him that had won the Field.
Hereupon Eumenes periwaded himſelf that this Dream made for hym, and promiſed him Victory,
for that he fought for a fertile Country of Corn, where was great plenty of it. Forallthe Fields
were ſown with" Corn in every place , that it was a pleaſure ro behold it , ſhewing the benefit
of long Peace, to ſee all the Corn-fields how green they looked. But when he underſtood that
the Enemies had given their Souldiers for the Signal of Battle, Afinerva and Alexander, then was
his firſt imaginarion confirmed more theri before. Whereupon , he gave Ceres and Alexander
for Signal of rhe Battle to his Souldiers, and commanded every man to make him a Garland of
Wheat-ears to wear on their heads, and that they ſhould wreath Flowers and Noſegaies abour
their Pikes. He was in mind many times to make his truſtieft Captains privy againſt whom they
ſhould fight, and not alone to truſt himſelf withall, ro keep ſo neceſſary a thing as that ſecret :
yer in fine, he kept his firſt reſolution, thinking it the ſafeſt way, not to commit this danger, but
to himſelf, Now when he came to give Battle, he would place never a Mactpoxian diretly
againſt (rarerus , but ſer two companies'of men ar Arms that were ſtrangers againſt him , the
which Pharnabazns ( Artabazus Son) and Phenix Tenidian did lead. Then he ſpecially com-
manded, that ſo ſoon as they faw the Enemies before them j they ſhould ſtraight give charge;
giving them no leiſure ro ſpeak nor retire , neither to hearken_to any Herauld or Trumpet that
they thould ſend unto them : for he feared much that the Mactpoxrawxs would turn againſt Battle berwixr
him, if they- once came to know Crarerus. Now for himſelf, he led the right wing of his Battle C_ me
with a Troop of three hundred men at Arms, the chiefeſt men of all his Army, where be would
meer full' with Neoprolemus front! When they had paſſed a little Hill thar ſtood between both
Battles, Zzmepes Horſemen following his Commandment , ran with full carier to ſer upon
their Enemies. Crateris ſeeing that, was amazed withall, and banned and curſed Neoprolerys that
had deceived him in that ſort, informing bim that the Mac:zDon1ans would turn of his ſide,
if they-might but once ſee him : notwithſtanding , he prayed them that were about him, to ſhew
themſelves like valiant men. that day , and therewithall fiercely fer Spurrs ro his Horſe to meet
with his Enemies. © The encounter was very cruel on either ſide, and their Staves being broken, they
fell ſtraight*to their -Swords': 'but-thar day did not Crarers diſhonour the memory of Alexander,
for he (ſew many of his Enemies round about him, valiantly repulſed them that did affail him,
and many times overthrew them.” Yet in fine, one of the men of Arms of Tyxacra gave him
1ſach a blow on the fide, that he turned him off his Horſe, and when he was down, many paſſed over
him, Bur .Gerg1as, one of Eumenes Captains knowing him, lighted from his Horſe, and appoint-
ed men abou him ro guard: Him : howbeir it was too late, tor he was drawing on, and even inthe
very pangs of death. Exmeves and Neoprolemus on the other ſide, which had been mortal Enemies Craters death
of long time; being on fire with'an old malice, they ſought up and downthe one for the other. And
ar the wo firſt courſes they could nor one light upon the other, bur at the third meeting, when they
knew one” andrher, then they Tet Spurs to their Horſes, their Swords drawn, and with great cries gave
Charge uppfreath other. And their Horſes met fo hercely rogether, as if two armed Galleys had
met with'their Prows-: and both the Captains laying the bridles in their Horſes necks, cloſed roge-
- ther, and with both/hands ſtrove to pluck off each others Head-piece, and to rent their Polrons from
their ſhoulders.” Whileſt they were thus rearing each other, their Horſes ran from them, and they
fell ro the grotind, bne holding the other faſt as if they had wraffled rogerher. Neoprolemns got up firſt:
bur as he rote, E amenes cut the ham of his Leg, and raiſed himfelf up withall. A eoprolemus ſtay-
ing himſelf opon one Knee, His other Leg being very fore hurt, defended himfelt 'on the ground
. the beſt hecould, from £umenes that was on his feer, but he conld give him no deadly wound:
. nevertheleſs himſelf had 'a blow: on the neck,” that laid him flat on the ground. Then Exmenes
: inflamed with choler againſt him, went about to ſtrip him, and fell a reviling of him, and being
R n that- furious mood, remembred not that Neoprolemns had his Sword yer, who hurt him _
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Neoptolemus
flain.
Eumencs Vi-
Rory of Cra-
rerus and Ne-
oprolemurs.
Sardis the
chief City of
Lydia.
his Curaces, even about his Groin , not far from his privy Parts ; howbeit the wolth(
Emmenes worſe afraid then there was cauſe of hurt, for that Neoprolemws ftrength was be.
fore the ſtroke came, dying preſently upon it. Ewumenes having ſtripped him, found himſelf
very ill ( by reaſon of his wounds ) on his Arms and Legs, which had many a ſore gaſh : not-
withſtanding, he got up on his Horſe again, and rod towards the other wing of his Battle,
thinking his Enemies had been fighting ſtill. But there being told that (7ater bad his deaths
wound, he went ftraight to the place where he lay, and found him yet alive, not paſt knowledge.
Then Exmenes lighted from his Horſe, and wept , and taking him by the right hand, accuried
N eoptolemus that had brought him to that pitifull ate, and had alſo- forced him to be in Battle
againſt one of his deareſt Friends, to make him the inſtrument of his utter undoing. This ſecond
Battle £xmenes wan ten daies after the firſt Battle obtained , which got him great honour, for
that he had diſcomfired one of his Enemies through wiſdom , and the other by valiantneſs.
But yet this bred him much il] will, not onely of his Enemies, but of his friends alſo that took
his part, when they bethought them, that he being a _ had with the Weapons and Power
of the Mac EDONIANS themſelves, lain the greateſt and moſt famous Captain amvng them,
Now if Perdiccas. had been ſo happy, as to have lived and received the advertiſement of Cra-
ters death, no doubt he had been the greateſt perſon of all the Ma czxpon1a ns. But as ill luck
would have it, within two days after that Perdiccas was ſlain in a mutiny of his men in &-
GY PT, news came to his Army of Exmenes Vidtory, and alſo of thedeath of Craterus, Where-
upon the MAcEDONIANS were ſo offended with Eumenes , that incontinently they condemn-
ed. him to die, and gave Antigonus and Antipater Commiſion to execute the revenge. When
Eumenes pailing by Mount 14a (where the King kept a Race and breed of Horſes) had taken away
with him as many Horſes as he would, and had ſent Letters of advertiſement thereof to the Kings
Riders : Antipater, as it is reported, ſmiled, and in mockery ſaid, that he marvelled to ſee Zxme-
xes great care, to think that he ſhould either give or receive any account of the Kings goods, So
Eumenes thought good to fight in the great Plains of Lyp1 a, eſpecially near unto the chief Ci-
thy of SarD1s, becauſe he was the ſtronger in Horſemen, and for that he would make Cleopatra
ce the power of his Army. Howbeir, being intreated by her (who feared blame of Antipater) he
went further into high PyrYG1A, and wintered in the City of CE:.znts. But there Polemon
Alcetas and Docimus, fell in contention with him for leading of the Army, ſaying that they had as
much right to lead the Army as he, Emmenes anſwered them, Truly here is the common ſaying
up-and down ; Deſperate men regard no danger. Now Eumenes having promiſed his Souldiers
pay within three days, to keep his promiſe, ſold them.all che Farms and Caftles of that Country,
together with the men and beaſts of the ſame, whereof the Province was fully repleniſhed. There-
upon his Lieutenants of the bands having bought certain of them, went and vook them by
force, through £umenes Engines of Battery which he ſuffered them to carry with him: and having
taken them, they went and divided the ſpoil, paying every Souldier ratably his wages due. This
device brought him again in favour among his Souldiers. For certain Papers being found in his
Camp caft abroad by his Enemies ,. promiſing great Offices, and a hundred Talents beſides to any
man that killed Eumenes: the MACEDONIANS that ſerved under him were ſo offended withall,
that they preſently ſet down an Order, that from” that time forward a thouſand of the beſt Soul-
diers among them (which alſo had Charge under them ) ſhould always guard his Perſon, keeping
Watch every night about him, as fell out by turns one after another. cunto they all agreed :
and Emenes gave them thoſe honours and rewards which the Kings of Maczpon were wont to
give unto their Friends, and which they gladly received, For through their grant be had Autho-
rity to give Purple Cloaks and Hats, to whom he thought good, which was. the henourableſt Gift
the King of Maczpon could give; It is true, that proſperity maketh ſimple men high-minded,
whereby they ſeem (though they be not) =P honourable, but ſpecially when Fortune hath raiſed
them to Honour and Wealth. But indeed he that is of a noble mind and ſtout courage, is beſt diſcer-
ned in adverſity : for he never yieldeth to any troubles, as;appeareth by Ewmenes. For when he
The conſtancy had loſt a. Battle among the Orc y Nia ws, in the Realm of CayPADocta, through the treaſon
of Eumenes in of one of his Souldiers he being purſued, yet never gave the Traitor any leiſure to fly to his Enemies
adverſity.
for ſafety, but took him and truſſed him up. And after he bad fled for a time, he turned his Horſe
head upon a ſudden, and leaving his Enemies ſide-hand of him that had him in chaſe, he cloſe
ſtole 'by them without their knowledge, and held on journeying ſo long, untill he came to the ſelf
fame plain where the Battle was fought. There he camped, and gathering up the dead Bodies
the Captains by themſelves, and the Souldiers apart) he burnt them with the Doors, Gates and
indows of all che. Villages and Towns thereabouts that he could get together : and inſtead of .
Tombs for them, he raiſed up great heaps of Earth, Infomuch as Antrgonus coming thither im-
mediately after, he wondered much at his valiantneſs and invincible courage. Removing thence,
he met with Antigenus Carriage, -and might eaſily without danger have taken a number of Priſo-
ners as well free as bond, and have gotten all the Riches and Treaſure which they had ſpoiled in fo
many. ſundry Wars, Towns and Countries : howbeit he was afraid that if his Souldiers were lo-
den with that ſpoil, it would make them more heavy to march, and unable to fly, but ſpecially
Funener Scza- More tender to abide to run from place to place a long time together , being the onely mean
togemn,
wherein he truſted to come to end this War. For he made account that Anzzgonus in the end
would be weary in following him ſo long a time, and therefore that he would turn ſome other
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heas 6 Jay a while, and; bait their Horſe firſt, and then that they ſhould go ſtraight to ſpoil the
Enemies Carriage. But in the mean time he ſecretly ſent a Meſſenger ro Menander (who had. the
Charge and Condud of all the Carriage ) to will him to fly with all ſpeed out of the plain, and ro
ger him to the Hanging of a Hill not tar from thence, and ſafe from Horſemen, where they could
be environed, and there to fortifie himſelf, ſending him word alſo, that he ſent him this adver-
tiſement, for the old friendſhip and acquaintance that had been between them afore. Menander
hearing what danger he was in, made his men truſs up their Carriage ftraight, Thereupon E ume-
nes openly ſent certain light Armed men to diſcover , and to bring him news : and therewithall
commanded them to Arm, and bridle their Horſes, as if he had meant to have led them againſt
the Enemies. His Scouts were now returned, and told him that it was unpoſlible either to diſtreſs
or take Menander, for that he was fled into a place of ſuch ſtrength, and therefore was not ts
be come by, Emumenes ſeemed to be very ſorry for it, howbeit he led his Army from thence notwith-
ſtanding. eMenanaer afterwards reported this matter to eAntigonus, and the Mac EDONIANS
that were in his Army, who did greatly commend Exmenes, and atter that loved him better then ever
they did before : becauſe that having their Children in his hands whom he might have made Slaves,
and their Wives alſo whom he might have defiled, he ſpared them all. Howbeit Antigonus to put
them our of this humour, told them, Ye are deceived, my Friends : for it was not for your ſakes,
nor yet to pleaſure you, that Exmenes took not your Wives, your Children, and your Goods, but
onely for the fear he had to have ſhackles on his heels, ro ler him from ſpeedy flying. So E#-
menes departing from thence, fled ſtill before Antigonus, and wandring up and down, did himſelf
wiſh his Souldiers to get them ſomewhere elſe , either indeed for that he was carefull of them, or
for that he was unwilling to have ſuch a number about him, being roo few to fight a Battle, and
roo many to hide his flying. In fine, he went to a ſtrange place of ſituation, called Noa, in the
Confines of LycoNn1a and CarPaDoOcla, with five hundred Horſemen, and two hundred
Footmen well Armed : and when he was come thither alſo, he gave every one leave to depart that
asked him licence, becauſe they could not have abidden the diſcommodity of the place, which was
very ſtraight, and the lack of neceſſary Victuals, which they muſt needs have wanted, if the Siege
did continue long : and thus departed from them with very good words and loving counte-
nance. Shortly after came Antigonx before the Fort, but would not beliege -ir, before be ſent for
Eumenes tocome to him upon his word, Exmenes anſwered him, that Antigonys had many of his
friends about him, that after him might come to be the Heads of his Tribe, and that himſelf on
the other ſide had not a Nobleman for whom he fought : and therefore if 4ntigonus would have
him come and ſpeak with him, .that he ſhould ſend him one of his chiefeſt Friends in Hoſtage.
Again, Antigonus being earneſt with him, and telling him, it was reaſon he ſhould come to
him, for that he was the better man, and of greater power , Exmenes anſwered him : I will ac-
knowledge none; better than my ſelf, ſo long as 1 can hold my Sword inmy hand. In the end, A4#-
Figonus ( according to Euments requeſt ) ſent his own Nephew Prolomy into the Fort, and then "EDENFTE®S
came Exumenes, out. At their meeting they both- embraced and ſaluted each other, as friends of old ich Antizo-
acquaintance and - familiarity, and fo ell in calk of divers matters : but all this while E£umenes ne-. nus, and his
ver once made requeſt to depart in ſafery, neither. yer demanded pardon , bur onely- deſired the. magnanimiry;
confirmation of his Charge and Government, and, that he: might be reſtored to_that which was
given. him. . They.chat were preſent at that meeting, marvelled much at - £xmenes, and greatly com-
mended his ftoutneſs. Now whiles they were thus ,in talk together, the MaczpoNia ns came
ou: of all parts.,of the Camp, to ſee what inanner of man Eumenes was : becauſe that after the
death of Craterus, there was no' talk among'the MaczpoNn1aN Souldiers of any Captain bat of
E umenes, Nevertheleſs, Antigonus fearing they would do Eumenes ſome miſchief, commanded
them aloud to give back, and. made ſtones to be thrown among them to keep them off him,
All this hoonnbilanding he was. fain in the end to put them off with-his Guard, and to take £x-
inenes in his : Arms, and had much. ado to deliver him ſafely into his Fort again. After this im-
parlance, Antigouns compaſſed this Fort of Nora round about with a Wall, and left a ſufficient Samade. ha:
number of ,men ro continue the. Siege, : and ſo went his way with the reſt of his Army. In the mean: fieged is the
time Eumenes remained beſieged within his Fort, where there was plenty of Wheat, Water, and; Fort ot Norz,
Salt, but of no other thing that was good to eat, nor of ſweet taſte, to ſuſtain them with their
Bread. Yet. with ſuch as he had he kept them.in good liking that were in houſe with him. For he
made them every one after another fit at his :Board with him,, and withall did faſhion out that
manner of diet, with a certain. life and familiarity of pleaſant devices to entertain-thera at their
Meat. For. befides that he fought to. ſhew them as pleaſant a countenance as he could, yet natu- 2
rally he had. a ſweet fair Face, not looking like a man of War, . that all the days of. his life had | pers X
been trained pp. in it : but, like a freſh youth, being of ſuch a conſtitution of body, that the excel- 2 Ro
lenteſt Workman. thar ever. was; could not. better {er our all the parts and proportion of a man, 4 h
then, were naturally : to .be. ſeen, 1n -him. His, ſpeech, was not. barſh nor churliſh, but very mild
and pleaſanc,, as. appeareth by the Letters he- wrote, : Now for. the Siege, there; was nothing that
more annoyed the Vekieped chen the narrowneſs of the Fort, wherein: they were , which was not
above two: Furlongs compaſs about, and their Houſes ſo little. and narrow, thar they could ſcant j
turn them in them, and did eat and drink without any manner -of Exerciſe for I «
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their Horſe. Now Eumenes to take away the [luggifhy | ha 5roF
Tumencsin. hurtfull co them that are acquainted with travell and pains, to.
duſtry at the make them the lighter to fly, if occaſion were offered, pur his men Fwide
Siege for Mat- Hall he had in his Houſe (being fourteen Cubits long to walk up and down in) and tanghe them
tial Exerciſe. firſt of al}ro march fair and ſoftly, and then by.little and little to haſten their pace : for the Horſes
he had, them he madeto be girt before, one atter another, and then did ſoftly triſe them up with
long Pulleysfaſtned to the beams, their hindmoſt part ſtanding on the ground, and their formoſt
being alofr. The Horſes being triſed up in this manner, their Riders came with loud cries behind
them and ſome with whips in their hands to laſh them, that the Horſe being mad withall, yerked
out behind, and fprang forward with his formoſt legs to touch the ground, that they did but even
raſe it a little, ſo that every vein and finew of them were ſtrained by this means, that they blew,
and were all of a foam withall ; ſo good an exerciſe to them it was, as well to put them in breath,
as to keep their legs ſupple to run. After that, they had their Oats very clean pickt and dreſſed,
that rhey might digeſt them the ſooner. eAntigonus baving long continued this Siege, news came un-
to him that CAntipater, was dead in MAcEDON, and that the Realm wasin a great broil, through
the Fafions of {afander and Polyperchon. eAntigonus whoſe head was ſtraight full of great ima-
ginations, greedily coveting with himſelf the whole Kingdom of Ma ctpon , thought good to
make £umenes his Friend, that through his help he might attain his defired purpoſe. Thereupon
he ſenc Zieronyma unto him to treat of Peace, and gave him the form of the Oath which he would
have him ſwear unto him. When Exmenes had ſeen it, he would- not be ſworn in that manner,
but correRed it, and ſaid : that he did refer himſelf to the judgement of the Maczponians
which kept him beſieged, to judge which of thoſe two forms was moſt meeteſt, that which Ax-
rigonns had fent him, or the ſame which he had corrected. For in entigonus form of Oath, there
was a little mention onely made at the beginning of the blood w_ but in all the reſt following,
he bound Exmenes particularly to himſelf, But Exmenes in his form of Oath, did firſt of all pur
Olympia the Mother of King eAlexander, and the Kings his Sons afterwards: and for the reſt he
ſwore he would be Friend of the Friends, and Enetny of the Enemies, not of Antigonu onely, but
of the Kings, and of Olympias. The MacEDo IANS being at the Siege before Nox a, did better
like the form of Exmenes Oath, then they did that of Antigonus, 'So having given Exmenes his Oath,
and made him ſwear according to that form, they raiſed their Siege, and ſent alſo unto Antigonus
to take his Oath, All this accompliſhed, £umenes redelivered the Caryapocians their Hoſt-
ages, (which he had kept in Nora i, him) and they that came from them, gave him in their ſtead,
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Horſe of War, Beaſts of Carriage, Tents and Pavillions, Thus he began to gather his men again
rogether, which were diſperſed abroad after his overthrow , ſo that in few days he was above a
thouſand Horſemen, with whom he fled, fearing yet e{ntigonus : and he did wiſely, For eAn-
tigonus had not onely commanded them to ſhur him up again ftraighter then he was before :
; but beſides that wrote ſharp Letters, and very angerly unto the Maczponi1ans , which
—_—_ fa had accepted the corre&tion of the Oath. Whilſt Exmenes wandred up and down flying Rill,
of Philip, Fa. be received Letters from certain in MAacEDoN1a (fearing eAntrigonus greatneſs ) and ipecial-
ther to Alex. Iy from Olympias, which ſent unto himto come into Mac po, to take the Charge and Govern-
ander whom ment of her young Son eAlexander, whom they ſought to' put to death. Furthermore, he like-
they ent wiſe received Letters from Polyperchon, and from King Philip, who commanded him to make War
A a4 with eAntigonus with his Army he had in Cary avocta, and to put inhis Purſe of the Kings five
King Philips bundred Silver Talents (which had been taken from him before) which were in the City of Cy w-
Lieutenant of DE $ : and beſides, to defray 'the Charges of the Wars, as much as he thought meer. And there-
his Army. yirhall alſo they wrote unto eLxrigenes and Textamus, the two Captains of the ARGyRASP1DES,
Are a to wit, the Souldiers with the Silver Shields, or Shields Silveted, which were of the old bands of
Souldiers, fo eAlexanders Army. Theſe two Captains having received theſe Letters, did uſe ' Eumenes with
called, fortheir very good words, and ſhewed him great countenance : yet a man by their looks might eaſily
filvered conjecture that they envied him ; for either 'of them both thought themſelves - men ſufficient,
_ tem. and worthy to command Exmenes, not to aid ' him. Howbeit Ex#menes behaved himſelf ve-
perance. _ TY Wiſely, for as touching their envy , he pacified that, becauſe he took not the Money which
he was commanded to take for his own uſe, for'that he had no need of it. And as for their am-
bition and' preſumption, diſdaining to be commanded by him ,” chough they © could neither tell
how to cortitnand nor obey , he did reclaim them. by a ſuperſtition' he laid before them , which
Eumenes fain- was this, He made them believe that eLlexander did appear unto him in his ſleep, and that he
ed device. fhewed him a Pavillion ſumpruouſly ſer our in the ſtate and magnificence of a King, in the which
was'a Royal Throne : and rold him, that if they wonld keep their Council-place in that Pavillion,
he would be prefent among them, and aid them in all their Counſels , and Conducts of their
.... Wars, ſo that they would alwaies begin by him, He eaſily perſwaded Antigenes and Teutamus
ro believe rhat which he ſpake, who would not 'go to' him to conſult 'of any matters : neuher did
he think it honourable for himſelf to be ſeen to go to other mens Gates, Wherefore with all their
conſents they incontinently ſet up a goodly rich” Pavillion, which was called 4lexanders Pavil-
ton : -and their they kept their Councils and Affemblies for diſpatch of all their weightieſt Cauſes.
After this, they went towards the high Countries, and met with Pexceſtas on the way ( Eumenes
very great Friend) who joyned with them, and other great Peers of the Realm, with all their power
belides, This did greatly ſtrengthen the Army of the Noblemen of MacipoNIa , as "_
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iſſolure Hberty, and effeminare in their manner of life: and moreover they had gotten a
many of them being then together, could not be quiet one with another, but ſhamefully flatrer-
ed the old bandsof the Mactpon1an Souldiers, giving them Money, and making them Ban-
quers and Feaſts of Sacrifices, And thus in ſhort time, of a Camp they brought it to be a diſſolute
heir + ave Armours and Furniture : but for their own perſons , becauſe
fiand chem ſince the death of eLlexander , they were grown ſelf-will-
Tyrannical fierceneſs, nouriſhed and encreaſed by the vanities of the barbarous People. So that
Tavern, where the Noblemen got into the Souldiers favour that they might be choſen Chieftains of
all the Army : like as the common Peoples Voices are bought in tree Cities (where the People do
rule) to be preferred to honourable States and Offices of the Commonwealth. Now &© umenes ' AGFIIEY"Y
found ſtraight that theſe Peers of the Realm diſdained one another, howbeit that they all feared
and miſtruſted him, and ſought but for opportunity to kill him, Wherefore to prevent this, he
made as though he had occaſion ro occupy Money, and ſo borrowed a great Sum of them ſpeci-
ally whom he knew moſt hated him, tro the end that from thenceforth they ſhould no more
diſtruſt, but truft him, ſtanding in fear to loſe the Money they had lent him, And thereof followed
a ſtrange thing : for other mens Money and Goods was the ſafety of his Life. For where others
give Money to fave their Lives, he by taking of Money ſaved his own Life. Now for the Souldiers
of the Mactpon1ans, whilſt they ſaw they were without danger of Enemies to make them
afraid, they ſtill hung upon them that gave them, being defirons ro be made Generals, and came
every morning to their upriſing to waic upon them , and follow them whereſoever they went.
Bur when Antigonus was come to Camp hard by them with a great and puiſſant Army, and that
their caſe required then a valiant Captain and skilfull Leader : nor the Souldiers alone, but all the
Peers and States beſides (which in Peace did brave it our ) did then willingly (without motion
made ) ſubmit themſelves unto &umenes , to be at his Commandment, For when Antigonus
aſſayed all the ways he could to pals over the River of Paſitigris, the Peers which were layed
in ; walk placestolet him from paffing over, heard nothing of u, fo that there was none but Exme-
nes onely that reſiſted him, and fought with him, where he flew ſuch a number of his men, that gumenes Bar-
he filled the River with them , and took four thouſand of them Priſoners. Again , when &x- tle with Anti-
menes Was ſick , theſe old bands did more plainly ſhew what opinion they had- of him, and of £9, any his
others, to wit, that they could banquet them, and make them good cheer at their Houſes ; yet
that Eumenes onely of all other was worthieft tro be their Captain, and to command them.
For Peuceſtas having feaſted them in the Kingdom of Pzrs14a, and given every Souldier a
Mutton to Sacrifice, thought he had won great favour and credit among them. Bur ſhortly after,
as the Army marched againſt their Enemies, £xmenes by misfortune fell dangeroully fick , and
therefore would needs be carried in a Litter far from the Camp, to be out of thenoile, becauſe he
could take no reſt. But they had not gone far, before they ſaw their Enemies, which baving paſſed
over certain little Hills between them, were coming down into the Valley. When the Souldiers
faw the giiering of the gilt Armours of their Enemies that glated in the Sun, aid the good
order they marched withall-in Battle ray, the Elephants with the Towers upon their backs,
and the men at Arms with their Purple Coars upon their Armours ( which was the Apparell
they wore when they went to fight with their Enemies ) then the foremoſt ſaid upon it, and
cryed out, willing them to ſend for. £xmenes to-lead them, for they wouldelſe go no further if
they had not him for their General. And therewithall they raiſed their Pikes, and laid down their
Shields at their feet, calling from one to another to ſtay, and to their private Captains alſo ; and
told them plainly, that they would not ftir a foot from thence, nor fight at all, unleſs E£xmenes
were among them to lead them. Eumenes hearing of it, came to them with great ſpeed, haſtnin
his Slaves and Littermen to bring him thither : and then opening his Litter on- every fide he heli
out his right hand to the Souldiers, and told them he was very glad of the good opinion they had
of him. The Souldiers alſo as ſoon as they ſaw him, ſaluted him in the Mactpo n1AaN Tongue,
and rook up their Shields, clapping them againſt their Pikes with a great ſhout, bidding their E-
nemies come when they would , they ſhould -be fought withall , now that their Captain was a-
mong them. e#tigonus on the other ſide, being informed by certain Priſoners which his Soul-
diers had"taken in Skirmiſh, that Eumenes was tallen very ſore fick, and by reaſon thereof was
carried in a Litter, thought now he ſhould have no great ado todifcomhi the reſt of the Army, and
therefore made all poſſible ſpeed he could to fight. But when he came ſo near, that he mighc
eaſily ſee the order and countenance of his Enemies, who were ſer in ſuch good order of Battle,
that it could not any ways be amended, he was much amazed withall, and pauſed a great while ;
and in the mean time ſpied £xmenes Litter a far off , carried from one end of the Battle to che
other, whiereat he laughed out aloud, as his manner was, and turning himſelf to his Friends, aid :
See, ſaid he," I believe it is that Litter that maketh War with us, and doth offer us Battle, But
with thoſe words', he ſounded the retreat , and brought his men back again into his Camp.
When this fear, was a little 'pafſed over, the Macedonians fell to their old trade again, the
Peers to flatter the Souldiers, and the Souldiers ro wax brave and ftout againſt therr Captains :
ſo that 'when, they came to take their Garriſons for the winter time, they divided in a manner among
them the whole- Countrey of the Gaz tNtans, the 'firſt from the laſt being lodged almoſt a
thouſand furtorigs off. _ Which Antigonus underftanding, dezetmined to ſer upon them, they miſ-
truſting nothing ;, 4td ſo went ſuddenly rowards them, by a ſhorter way then that he had already
| come,
lingneſs to
wind himſelf
out of danger.
Paſitigris. fl.
icory.
Antigonus
Souldiers are
med withgilr
Armours.
Antigenus
mock to Eu»
menes,
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I ITED
Eumenes Stra-
ragem againſt
Antigonus.
Envy the
Compainion
of Vertue.
Eumenes death
conſpired.
Eumencs tore
all his Friends
Letters to keep
them our of
trouble.
The old bands
of the Macedo»
714ns were eve-
ry man three-
ſcore and ten
years old, and
moſt above.
Eumenes Con-
flit with An-
tigonus.
come, but the worſer way a great deal, and where no water be
them thus diſperſed aſunder, their Captains could not readily afſemblethg
he was in this his Journey, in the deſart crooked way , he was ſo overtaken=with ſuch bait
rous winds and: extream bitter cold, that his Souldiers could go no her , but were forced co
rarry Rtill, to provide them preſent remedy againſt the fury of the time. Now the onely remedy
they had, was to make numbers of fires : and by them their. Enemies knew of their coming,
For the barbaraus People inhabiting the Mountains , towards the Deſart, being amazed to ſce
ſuch a number of fires in the Valley, ſent preſently with ſpeed upon two Camels light loden, to
advertiſe Pexceſtas, who being neareſt unto the Mountains was ſo ſcared with theſe news , that
he was at his wits end, not knowing what to do. For ſeeing his other Companions as much afraid
as himſelf, he fled upon it, and carried all them with him which he met in his way. But £umenes
quieted this great fear, aſſuring them that he would ſtay the ſudden attempt of their Enemies,
and that they ſhould come three days later then they looked for : which they believed. Then
did- Exmenes ſend Meſſengers into eyery quarter to all the Captains, commanding them ſpeedi-
ly ro put their men in readineſs, and to meet him in a certain place which he appointed. Him-
ſelf went in the mean time with other Captains to chuſe a fir ground to lodge a Camp, the
which might eafily be ſeen from the top of the Mountains which they muſt paſs that come
from the Defſart : and there fortified the ſame with Trenches, and divided it out into quarters, ma-
king Fire in every place, ſuch a diſtance off one from another, as they uſe commonly to make in
a Camp. It was no ſooner done, but Artigonus came to the top of the Mountains, and ſaw theſe
Fires afar off, which grieved him much: tor he thought that his Enemies had long before
known of his coming , and that they came againſt him, Being afraid therefore leſt his Ene-
mies would compell him to fight, coming freſh upon him , his own men being weary and
done with the pains they had abidden , coming through that Deſart Countrey ; he took his
way to lead back his Army, not the neareſt way by the which he came, but through the Coun-
try richly inhabited and repleniſhed with great Cities and good Towns, to refreſh his over-weari-
ed People, Yet ſeeing he had none Alarms given, nor any Skirmiſhes offered him , ( as they
uſe commonly when both Armies are near together ) and that the Valley-men told him that they
had ſeen none .other Army but. his, ſaving that round about there were ſtore of Fires: then he
ſtraight miſtruſted that ir was one of Exmenes Stratagems of War, wherewith he had deceived.
him, And therewithall he was in ſuch a rage, that he went ſtraight to the place where he thought
to find him, determining no more to ſteal upon him, but to put all to the hazard of a Battle. But
in the- mean time, the moſt part of the Hoft was gathered about. Zameres, for the great eſtima-
tion every. man had 'of his wiſdom and ſufficiency : inſomuch. that ' they agreed and ordained,
that he onely as their Lieutenant Generall ſhould command the whole Army. This ſpited the
two Captains of the ARGYRASPIDES, Antigenes and Teutamus, who bare him ſuch an inward
grudge, that from that time forth they praftiſed his death : and afſembling rogether with many
of, the States-and particular Captains, they fate in Council to know when, and in what ſort they
ſhould kill him. Howbeit the, moſt Voices afſembled in this Council , were whole of opinion,
that they ſhould take the benefit, of his ſervice in leading the Battle, and that immediately after
they ſhould put him to death, -This ; being thus reſolved upon, Zudamus Captain of the Ele-
phants, and another. called Phedimxs, went ſecretly and told . Egmeres what they had concluded
upon in. the Aſſembly againſt him,-not for any. good will that they, bare him, or. for that they
ſought ro- pleaſure him, but onely, -becauſe they. were afraid to loſe the Money they had lent him.
Eumenes gave them great thanks, ,and commended. their fidelity , and then reported it unto his
beſt Friends, and told them : You;ſee how I am enyixoned with a Troop. of wild and brutiſh beaſts,
That done, he made his Will, and tore all the Letters and /Wrjtings that had been ſent him, becauſe
he ' would not have them ſuffer for bim after his. death, that had ſent him ſecret advertiſements.
Afterwards, when he, had diſpoſed of all bis private matters in this ſort, he ſtood in a doubt whe-
ther he ſhould loſethe Battle, giving his Enemies the Victory,-or whether it were better for him
to fly into Cayyapocia, through MEDi 4, and 'ARMENIA. Howbeit he reſolved of nothing
before his Friends. But when the miſchief he, was.in, had put diyers thoughts into his head, in fine,
he determined.to fight, and did fer, his Army.in Batte-ray, .perſwading the Gxtcians as well as
the barbarous'Pegple to ſtand to it like men. And as for 2 old Souldiers of the MactDoNia ns,
they. ſo little; needed exhortation, ;that they themſelves did exhort Zumenes to be of good courage
ſaying that their Enemies would never abide them, becauſe they. were all the oldeſt Souldiers, an
ak experience that had; been in all the Conqueſts of: King Philip, and of his: Son Alex-
@tder ;.and' that it, was never heard that they had; been overthrown in any ſet Battle, the moſt of
them being threeſcore and ten years old ,..and the youngeſt - ng leſs then threeſcore, Whereup-
on, when they ,ran/with great. fury tq. give. charge. upon their Enemies, - they. cryed out aloud
ſpeaking to . the Souldiers of the Mac £0o x1A ns.that wereunder. 4nt:gonus : Ah wretches, come
ye. to fight with:your Fathers? And ſo. aſſailing them with, a-luſty courage, and in rage withall,
In a, ſhort {pace /overthrew-the Squadron.of.the Enemies, and flew the moſt part of them in the
Field.. Thus was Antigonus Army clean overthrown on that. fide : but on the other fide where
his men of Arms were, through Penceſtas .cowardlineſs (that handled himſelf very, ill;at that Bat-
tle ) he had the upper hand: and Nr all their Carriage, throvgh his foreſight in the greateſt fury
(
of-che Bactle,' and; the ſtrength of the place where the Battle was: fought, For it was a ——
- MR | great *
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af La 34 i 23%
PS. SEAR - aps, *
£ % -
4 maths |
k * ed %%
y 2 « £*
——
EUMENES.
—_—.
507
great plain of length; neither too deep, nor. yet too hard underfoot , but covered over with a
imall fine ſand, much liketo a dry ſand the Sea caſteth up, and leaveth upon the ſhoar, This ſand
being ſcattered abroad by riding and going too and fro of ſo many thouſands of men and Horſes
during the time of the Battle foughten, had raiſed ſuch a mighty duſt and white ſmoak in the E-
lement, as if they had ſtirred or tempered white-lime together : which troubled their ſight ſo ſore,
as they could ſee nothing before them : in reſpeRt whereot eAntigonus might eaſily ſeize all their
Carriage, themſelves being never a whit the wiſer, The Battle being come to this paſs you have
heard, Textamus ſent preſently unto eAntigonns, to pray him to redeliver them their Carriage again,
which he had taken and carried into his Camp. eAntigonus made him anſwer, that he would nor
onely redeliver the goods unto the ARGYRASP1DEs, but would moreover uſe them with all the
favour he could, ſo tarforth as they delivered £xmenes into his hands, Whereupon the AzG y-
RASPIDES took preſently a wicked reſolution, to deliver him alive into the hands of his Enemies.
And with that determination they came near unto him, not making any countenance as though
they would lay hands on him, but rather ſeeming to guard and detend his Perſon, as their maii-
ner was: ſome of them lamenting that their goods were gone : others telling him that he cared not
now that he had won the Bactle : and others accuſing the Noblemen of cowardlineſs, ſaying, that
the fault was in them that they had not the whole Victory. But in fine, one of them having ſpied
his time, flew to him, and took his Sword out of his haud : the others ſtraight laid hold of him,
and bound both his hands behind him with his own girdle. eAntigonus underſtanding it , ſenc
Nicanor thither to take him out of their hands, and to bring him to him, Then Exmenes having
made requeſt unto them to ſuffer him to ſpeak, as they brought him through the bands of thele
old MacEDo0NIAN Souldiers, it was granted him with condition, that he ſhould make no mo-
tion unto them to turn from that they were determined to do, bur to tel] them of things, which
( as he ſaid) tended greatly to their benefit. Whereupon filence being made, he got up upon a
ittle hillock, and there ſpake unto them, putting forth his hands being bound, O wretched and
faithleſs men, the wickedeſt that ever Mac £Don bred | What ſo great Triumph or ViRtory, bath
ever «Antigonus won of you , baving ſought it ſuch infinite waies, as you your ſelves do now
put into his hands, delivering him your Captain bound and manacled 2 Will not this be to your
great ſhame, that being Maſters of the Field, you will grant the honour of the ViRory uno your
Enemy, onely for a little covatouſneſs of Money and paltry ſtuff which you have loft > And yet
is not this all, bur the worſt bebind : to ſend your Captains as youdo to pay the Ranſom of your
Caggage. &« For my ſelf, though now they lead me bound, yet do I remain free unovercome, van-
<« quilher of mine Enemies, and ſold by them that ſhould be my friends. Well, yet this requeſt 1
* onely make unto you in the Name of Fxpiter, ProceRtor of Arms, and for the honour of the gods,
E umenes be-
trayed by the
Argyraſprtaer,
The Oratior
of Eumenes wo
the traicerous
Argyraſpides
_ (ny whom all vowed Oaths ought faithfully to be kept) I pray and conjure you, to kill me your þi;"$0ujdiers.
cc y - :
elves in this place. For all comerh to one end. To be ſlain in eFnrigonus Camp by the hands
&« of mine own Enemies, will ever be counted your deed : and you may be aſſured he will nor be
« angry withall, for he onely defireth £xmenes death, and not his life. If you will needs hold your
& hands from this attempt, unlooſe yer one of mine onely, that ſhall ſuffice to do the feat. And
& if for fear ye will not put a Sword in my hand, throw me bound yet hand and feet unto wild
*« Beaſts: which if ye perform, then do I diſcharge you of your Oath taken berween both my hands
& which ye have ſworn unto your Captain, as holily and perfectly performed, Upon this ſpeech
of Eumenes, all the reſt of the Army had compaſlion of him, that they wept for tender affeCtion.
But the ARGYRASPIDES cryed out to carry him away, and not give ear to his Preaching : and
that it was a good deed to puniſh this wicked CHotroNES1A N, according to his deſerts, con-
ſidering that he had turmoiled the Macxpox1ans with endleſs War and Battle. And more-
over, that it were too much ſhame that the worthieft Souldiers that ever ſerved King Philip and
Alexander, (o painfully in all their Wars, ſhould for recompence of their Service in their old age
be turned a begging, their Wives having now lain three nights with their Enemies, With thoſe
words, they violently drave him on towards Antigonus Camp, who fearing leſt the multicude of
People that ran ro fee him, would ſmoother him in the preſs, becauſe every. man ran out of
the Camp, he ſent thither ten of the ſtrongeſt Elephants he had, and a good number of men at
Arms of the MEDss and PARTH1ANS, to make way for him in the preaſs. When E£xmenes was
now come into Antigonus Camp, his heart would nor ſerve him to ſee him in chat miſerable
Kate, for that they had once been familiarly acquainted rogether, Whereupon, ſuch as had him
in-cheir cuſtody, came to Antigonus to ask him, how he would have him kept : who anſwered
them : Like aLion or an Elephant. Yet within a while after be took pity of him, and diſchar-
Antigmy: anl.
wer for keeping
of Eumenes be-
ged him of his weightieſt Irons, and ſent one of his houſhold Servants to him to fee him well uſed, ing priſoner.
and ſuffered. his - friends to come and bring him any thing he lacked. Thus did Anrigonus
defer many. daies before he would determine ought of Eumenes , hearing every man ipeak,
and pondering their es and ſeveral opinions. Nearchus CRETAN , and his own Son
Demetrius ſpake for Eumenes, and made ſuit to ſave his life, contrary to all the other Lords and
Captains chat were about Antigonus , who would in any caſe have him' die. Exmenes ſtanding
on theſe termes, asked his Keeper Onomarchxs one day, what Antigonus meant, that having his
Enemy in his hands, be did not quickly rid him out of his pain, or nobly deliver him ? Onomar-
chys churliſhly' anſwered him again, that the time was paſt now to ſhew his courage, as though
he feared not death ; and thas he ſhould have ſhewed it in the Field ar the Battle. So help me 74-
preex
The noble
mind of Eume?
nes
508
r "> *
bo % 4 %
$4 s
_EUMENES and SERT OWWOS
De
—
oo O—— ——
The death of
Eamenes,
The juſt re-
ward of treaſon
The Govern-
ment of Eume-
ncs and Sertg-
rius.
| of War before, came to the Dignity -and Eftateto be Chieftain of a gteat hn
came with ſmall reputation, diſdained for that he'was but a Secretary ; 'and when
».
— ——— — —— —_ — — —
piter (quoth he) ſo have Idone, and if thou believeſt not me, ask them that ſer upon me :'for I ne-
ver met with man yet more ſtrong then my ſelf, Onomarchs replied again : fith now therefore thou
haſt found a ſtronger then thy ſelf, why then canſt thou not abide his pleaſure ? In fine, when A4nr:-
on45 had reſolved of his death, he commanded them to give him no more Meat : and thus taking his
; Wookrantorm him, Zumenes was three days a dying. In the mean time came ſuch News, that ſud-
denly the Camp removed, and therefore before their departure, a man was ſent to Ewmenes to diſpatch
him our of his pain. Antigonz licenſed his friends to take his Body and burn it, and then to gather his
aſhes and bones to ſend them to his Wife and Children, Exmenes being ſlain in this manner, the gods
appointed none other Judges to revenge the diſloyalty and treaſon of the Ax GYRAa$SP1DEs and their
Captains, for betraying Eumenes, but Antigonus ſelf : who detefting them as cruel murtherers, and
perjured Perſons to the gods, appointed 7byrrizs Governour of the Province of ARA CHOSI A, to kill
them every Mothers Son what way he could, that none of them might ever ſee Mac to x again, nor
the Greekiſh Sea.
The end of the Life of Eumenes,
I "——— OO —— — — __ —— oo
W—_— —— - ————— > > —— — ff _ Wi
THE COMPARISON OF
EUMENES wth SERT O RIVUS.
«a\\ LOA »
—X- BK Q \
I,
\\
» Ere we have ſet down the things worthy memory of Fxmenes and Sertorius. *
Now to compare them together, in this chey - were: both alike : that rhey being
ſtrangers in a ſtrange Countrey, and baniſhed out of their own, had alwaies been
s Captains of divers Nations,and Chieftains of great and warlike Arm ies, But this
2# was proper to Sertorixs, that all thoſe of his Fa&tion gave him the chiefeſt place
& of Authority, as the moſt ſufficienteft man among them, and worthieſt to com-
W@ mand:where Eumenes having many that contended againſt him for the chief rule
. and conduCtion of rhe p=_ through hisnoble Deeds, obtained the chief place
and Authority in the ſame. © So that they obeyed the one, deſiring to be governed by a good Caprain :
and for their own ſafery gave place to the other, ſeeing rhemſelves unable ro command. 'For Sertorius
being Ro MAN, governed the SPANIARDS and LuS1TANIANS + and Eumenes a CHOERRONE-
SIAN, the MACEDONI1aNS.: Of the which the Spa N1aRDs of long time had been ſubject to the
Empire of Rome : and the MAxctD0 N1AN $ at that time had ſubdued all the World. Furthermore,
Sertorius beirig then. of great eſtimation, for chathe was a Senator of Rom, and had charge of men
Where Emnmencs
began tocome for-
© wards, had not onely leſs meansto prefer him then Serrorius had, bur greater lets and.umpedimients al-
The deeds and
conditions of
Eumencs and
Sertorius.
ſo, 'to hinder his riſing and eftimation.” For many openly ſtood againſt him, and ſecretly conſpired his
death : -and not as Sertorixs, whom'no man contraried:from the beginning, untill his latrer end, -when
certain of his Companions ſecretly conſpired againſt him. - Therefore Serrorins end- of all his dan-
gers, was to overcome his Enemies : where Exmengs greateft dangers came through his Victories
which be wan of his own men, through the malice of: them that envied his Honour. Now for their
Deeds of Arms, they are both in manner alike: : | but 'on the other fide for. their Conditions, Exmenes
naturally loved War and contention; and . Serrorius embraced peace arid quietneſs,.- For Eumenes
chat might” have lived in ſafety with- Honour, ,if -he would but haye: given place -ro this betters, and
forſaken the Wars: liked better with the danger: of his life to follow Mamial- Feats , with the
greateſt Perſonages-of Mac £09, and in the endſo came to his death, Serrorixs contrarily Deir
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unwilling to come in trouble, was forced for the ſafety of his Perſon to take Arms againſt them that
would not let him live in Peace, For had not Eumeney been ſo ambitious and ſtout to ſtrive againſt
Antigon for the chiefeſt place of Authority, but could have been contented with the ſecond, 4nt:-
gonus would have been right glad thereof : where Pompey would never ſo much as ſuffer Sertorius ro
live in reſt. So the one made voluntary War onely to rule, and the other againſt his will was com-
pelled to rule, becauſe they made Wars with him. Whereby it appeareth that Ewumenes naturally lo-
ved War, preferring the coverous deſire of a better Eftate, above the ſafery of his life: and the ocher
as a right Souldier, uſed che Wars onely for a meanto ſave his life by valiant defence of Arms. Fur-
chermore, the one was (lain, miſtruſting no treaſon againſt him - and the other , looking every hour
for preſent death threatned him, ' Whereof the one argued a noble mind, not to miftrutethem whom
he thought his Friends : and the other ſhewed a faint heart, being taken when he meant to fly. So
Sertorius death diſhonoured not his life, ſuffering thar of his own Companions, which his deadly foes "
could never make him ſuffer. The other having no power to avoid his deſtiny before he was taken, —
and having ſought means to live being in Priſon and Captivity, could neither patiently nor mantully a- thenthe deach
bide his death, For begging life at his Enemies hands, he gave him his heart with his body, who before of Eumener.
had but his body in his power.
———
THE LIFE OF
AGESILAVS.
Ann, Mund. Ant. Chriſt.
3554- . 392. '
© Rchidamus the Son of Zeuxidamus, having honourably reigned in Lac zD#- The Parentage
MON, left two Sons behind him : 47 which he begat of that Noble Lady of Agelaus.
Lamprido, and Ageſilaus a great deal younger, which he had by Expolia,
Mel:ſippidas Daughter. So the Kingdom falling by ſucceſſion unto 4g the
Þ elder, the younger Son Ageſ#laus remaining a private Perſon, was brought up The inſtru.
after the LacoNn1aNn manner, which wasa ſtraight kind of Life : but with- Etionof Age-
— all it taught Children how to obey, Whereof it is thought the Poet Simonides plans.
TESFRSDNNS callth SparTA, Damaſimbrotos : towit, making men civil : for that by con-
tinuance of cuſtom, it frameth the Citizens ro be obedient to the Laws, as much or more then any other
City that ever was in the World, taming them from their childhood, as they do young Colts. The
Law diſpenceth with the Heirs apparent to the Crown, from that ſtraight ſubjeftion and hard Life : , ecfilery leara
but Ageſilaus had that excellency in him above all others of his Eftate, that he came to the Dignity eq co obey,
and Honour to command, having from his youth learned ro obey. The which undoubtedly was the before he came
cauſe, that he knew better then any other King, how to pleaſe and bear with his Subject, helping *© command.
his
GESILAVS. 509
w __A1GETSILAVS. \
.. 3 —_ i
his Royal State and princely behaviour grafted in him by nature, with that courteſie and familiarity,
Themodeſty which he had attained by education . At that time when he went in'company with the Boys which were
of Ageſilaus. brought up together, Lyſander fell in love with him, wondring at the modeſty of his wit. For having
better Spirit, and being more conſtant in his opinion then any of the other Children, ftriving ever
to excell in all things, with ſuch a vehemency he took all Travels in hand, that ir was unpoſlible to 0-
vercome him, much leſs to compell him. He was on the other fide ſo mild and gentle, that every cour.
reous word wrought in him better obedience then any fear could do : becauſe it grieved him more to be
Ageſilaus reproved, then to take upon him any pain or labour, And for the deformity of his Legs, the one be-
lameneſs. ing ſhorter then the other, in the flower of his youth, through his pleaſant wit, he uſed the matter
{o mrs br patiently, that he would merrily mock himſelf : which manner of merry. behaviour
did greatly hide the blame of the blemiſh. Yea further, his life and courage was the more commenda-
ble in him, for that men ſaw that notwithſtanding his lameneſs, he refuſed no pain nor labour. Of
his Perſon we have drawn no counterfeit, becauſe he would not in any wiſe have it drawn, and did ex-
preſly command by his Will, that they ſhould neither draw his Picture nor make any Mould or Image
of his Body. Howbeit we find that he was ſmall of Stature, whereby his preſence promiſed no great
matters to them that beheld him, Yer for that he was ever merry and pleaſant, and never penſive nor
troubleſome in word nor look, even to the laſt end of his life he was better loved, then the moſt fair
creature that lived, Notwithſtanding, the Ephors (as Theophraſtus writerh) did condemn King Ar-
chidamus in a ſum of Money becauſe he married a little Woman : ſaying, that he would beget chem
demy Kings , no = indeed. In the time that his eldeſt Son Ag reigned King, Alcibiades being
be. baniſhed ATHENS, fled out of $1ciLs into LactDaxoN, and had not long remainedin SparT a
dultery with before they ſuſpected him that he kept King Ag# Wite, called Times : for which cauſe 4gis would
King Agis not acknowledge the Child ſhe brought to be his Son, ſaying that Alcibiades had begotten him. Burt
Wite. Timea cared not much for it, as Dxri writeth : for other while as ſhe ſate amongſt her Women, ſoft-
ly ſhe called him Alcibiades, not Leotychides. On the other fide they report, that Alcibiades him-
ſa ſaid, it was forno hurt he meant to any man, that he lay with Queen Times, but onely for the de-
fire he had that ſome of the Kings of LaczDamon ſhould be begotten of his Seed. Nevertheleſs at
the length he wasdriven to forſake La cxpamoN, miſtruſting King 4g#, who ever after doubted
of the Child, and thought him a baſtard : untill ſuch time as being on his death Bed, Leotychides fall.
ing on his knees, wept, and ſo behaved himſelf, that 4g before many Witneſſes, ſaid he did acknow-
ledge him for his Son. This notwithſtanding, when King Ap was dead, Lyſander that had then 0-
vercome the ATHENIANS by Sea, and was more in credit and Authority in the City of SyarTt a
Ageſilauscrea- then any othef, praQtiſed to put the Crown upon Ageſilaus head, ſaying that Leoryehider had no ia-
ted King, tereſt untoit, becauſe he was a baſtard, The like did divers other Citizens ſay of him, which loved
——_— Ageſilaus Vertue,and liked him paſſingly , for that he had been brought up from his childhood among
x " them, Bur onthe contrary partalſo, there was a Soothſayer or Wizard in Spar a called D;op:-
thes, that had a number of old Prophecies without book, and was accounted a very skilfull man touch-
A lame King. ing Prophecies and Divinations. He maintained that it was not lawfull for any lame man to be King of
SPARTA ; and for proof thereof he told this ancient Oracle before the Council,
As ſtately as thy ſtomach is, O Sparta take good heed.
And ſtand upon thy guard, and look, about thee, I thee read,
For _—_ one day down will caſt thine Empire to the ground.
[4
By mean of Wars and troubles great that ſhall incloſe thee round.
Lyſander replyed againſt it, ſaying, that if-the SparT a Ns were afraid of this Oracle, they ſhould
rather bewareof Leorychides. - For the gods cared nor, if any man lame of a foot aſpired to be King :
but rather if he were a baſtard, and not lineally deſcended of the Race of Hercules, For that, faid
he, were to make the Kingdom halt. Ageſilaus furthermore alleadged, that the god Neprune him-
ſelf had witneſſed that Leorychides was a baſtard : for he' drave Ag:#s by an Earthquake, to run
Azeſilaus pro: out of his Wives Chamber, and that ten Moneths after that, and more, Leorychides was born, $0
claimed King was Ageſilaus upon theſe allegations not onely proclaimed King of SearT a, bur he had given
and Leotycbides him moreover, as lawſull Heir, all his Brother Agis Goods, and Leorychides rejeRted as a- baſtard,
A Notwithſtanding , conlidering that his Parents by the Mothers fide were very poor ( yet honeſt
men ) he lefrthem the moiety of all the goods: by which At, Ageſil/aus won all their good wills,
where elſe they had envied him for his ſucceſſion in the Kingdom, And (as Xenophon faith) by
obeying his Countrey, he grew to ſuch power that he might do whatſoever be would, The E-
| phori and Senators at that time bare all the ſway and Government of the Commonwealth ; the
Ephores Office changing yearly, the other being for liſe : the which Ephori were onely ordained
to bridle the inſolency of the Kings, for that they ſhould not ( as we. have more amply written in
| Lycurgus Life) have abſolute power in their hands. Upon this occaſion, the Kings that ſucceeded
Ephori were in the Government, had (as it were ) by Inheritance a preſent grudge and malice againſt them.
certain Offi- This notwithſtanding, Ageſilaus took a contrary courſe to all his Predecefſors, For where others
cers _— = preſently quarrelled with che Ephori and Senators, Ageſilaus did honour and reverence them,
Kings infolen- and would never diſpatch any matter without their privity , but was alwates ready to go when
& injuſtice, they did ſend him. When he was ſet in his Chair of State to give Audience, if any of the Ephori
if any were by chanced to come in, he would riſe up unto them : and at the Election of any new Senator , he
themuſed. would for honours ſake preſent him a Gown and an Ox. And thus cunningly ſeeming to —_—_
an
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vertue, by procuring always ſome contention and emulation among great perſons. And his reaſon
was, that this baſe and effeminate favour, in. winking one at another when men are to be rebuked,
ought not of right to be called by the name of Concord. And fure ſome think that Homer alſo ſaw
the ſame, for he would never elſe have made eAgamemnon to have rejoyced to ſee Vliſſes and Achil-
les at great words together, if he had not been of opinion, that envy and contention among great
men, were very. available for the Commonwealth, Yer is not this thus ſimply to be allowed :
for contentions are hurtfull ro Cities, where they are violent, and do bring great dangers with them.
Now when Ageſilaus was entred into his Kingdom of Lactpamon, news were brought him
out of As14, that the King of Pers1A prepared a great Navy to conquer the Lactbzno-
N1ANSs figniory by ſea. Lyſazder being glad of this occaſion, longin
to ſuccour his friends whom he left there as Governours and Lieutenants 0
f
to be ſent again into As14
Cities and Provinces(of the
which, ſome of them were driven away by their Citizens, others alſo put to death for abuſing their
authority, and ruling over-cruelly) perſwaded Ageſslaus to go into As14, to make War upon this
barbarous King, far from GREECE, before his Army were gathered together. And to compaſs
this the eaſilier, he wrote unto his friends in As1A , that they ſhould ſend unto Sear a to require
Ageſilaus for their Captain, and ſo they did. Thereupon Ageſilaxs going to the aſſembly of the
people, accepted the charge, with condition that they would give him thirty Captains of the Sear-
TANS to be Counſellorsand Afiſtants to him in theſe Wars, two thouſand free Iz0TEs, and fix
thouſand of the confederates of Laczpamon. All this was immediately granted through Lyſan-
ders friendſhip towards him, and he was feat away ſtraight with the thirry Captains which he had
requeſted , of the which Lyſander was the chieteſt, not onely for his riches and authoricy, but alſo
for the good will he bare unto Ageſ#laxs :! who thought himſelf more beholding ro him for procuring 4
(hip he ſhewed him in bringing him to be King. Now Ageſilans Ar-
my being aſſembled at the Haven of Gereſte, himſelf with certain of his friends went unto the City of
him this charge, then for his fri
AuL1De, where in his ſleep he dreamed” that one faid unto him: O King of the Laczvamont-
ANS, thou knoweſt that never none but eFgamemnon, and now thy felt, was choſen General of all
GREECE ; conſidering therefore that thou commandeſt the ſame people he did, that thou makeſt
Wars with the (elf ſame enemies, departing from the ſelf ſame place t6 go thirher, it is reaſon that
thou make the ſelf ſame ſacrificeunto the goddeſs, the which he made at his like departure. Apeſs-
las ſtraight upon this viſion, remembred: that ,Agamemnon through the perſwaſion of the Sooth-
fayers did ſacrifice his own daughter in the ſame place : yet this made him not afraid, bur the next day
he told. it to his friends, and ſaid, he would facrifice that unto the goddeſs, which he thought would
pleaſe her well enough; and that he would not follow that cruel devotion of this ancient Captain
Agamemnon,
And with that, he brought- a Hinde crowned with a Garland of Flowers, and com-
manded his Soothſayers to ſacrifice her, and- would not ſuffer him to have the honour to do the (a-
crifice that was appointed for the ſame purpoſe by the Governours of BozoT1a according to the
cuſtom of that place. The Governours of Bo: 0T 1 4 underftanding it were much offended, and
ſent their Officers to will Ageflas not to do any facrifice there, contrary to the law and cuſtom
of their Countrey, The Officers that were ſent, performed their. commillton : and finding that
the beaft was ſlain, and the quarters of it upon the Altar, they took and flung them offthe Altar
every way. This vexed Ageſslaus, being ready to imbarke, and depart thence in choler againſt the
THz B4 ns 2d miſtruſted much his good ſucceſs by this unlucky prediction, which ſeemed to prog-
noſticate unto him, rhar'he ſhould prevail according to his defire; Furthermore, when he was ar-
rived at, Epis5us, he preſently miſliked the honour he ſaw done unto Lyſander, and the great
train that waited on him. For all the Countreymen there repaired continually ro his houſe , and when
he came abroad, they all followed him whereſoever he went , as though Lyſandey had indeed been in
authority 40. do what.he would, and that Ageſslaus onely had but the name to be General, ſo appoint-
ed by the law of Laczparmon. For in truth there was never GREc1AN Captain in thole parts
that had won him ſuch eſtimation, nor that was more feared then he : nor there was never man that
was more: beneficial to his friends, neither alſo that was more hurtfull to his enemies. All theſe things
being freſh in memory, the Countrymen of that Countrey perceiving the ſimplicity of AgeSlaus, and
how he was given to pleaſe the people, and carried no great majeſty nor countenance with him,
and obſerving: in Lyſander that wonted roughneſs and ſharp ſpeech wherewith they had been
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acquainted before , every man obeyed him, and nothing was done but whar- he com « This
firſt of all made the other Sear TA Ns angry, for that it appearedthey were come as it were to ſerve
Lyſander, and not as to counſel the King : but after that, ef, 'geſilaus himſelf alſogrew miſconten-
Arclilans ted, although of his own nature he was not envious, nor f{orry ro lee others honoured beſides himſelf.
4 unto Yet being a man ambitiouſly given, and of a noble courage, fearing if he ſheuld do any noble exploit
- Lyſander. inthis war, that they would impure it to Lyſander, for the great eſtimation he was of, he began to
deal in this ſort with him. Firſt he contraried all his counſels: and what matters ſoever he preferred,
which he was deſirous ſhould have taken effet , eAgeſilans would none of that, but rook ſome other
in hand. Furthermore, if any of Lyſanders followers came to make ſuit ro him for his favour, per-
ceiving thac they did lean unto Ly/arder, he ſent them away without any thing done for them. In
like caſe alſo in matters of judgements, if Lyſander were againft any, they were ſure to have the mat-
ter paſs on their ſide. Onthe contrary part alſo, if Zyſander bare good will to the party, and fa-
voured the cauſe to gratifie him, they hardly eſcaped from ſerting a fine on their heads: Ageſilaus con-
tinuing theſe ſhews ordinarily of purpoſe, not by chance to one or two, bur indifferently to all :
Lyſander looking into the cauſe, diſſembled not with his friends, buz told them plainly, chat it was for
his ſake they had thoſe repulſes and wrongs, and therefore did counſel them to wait opon the King,
and thoſe that had more credit then himſelf. Now eAgeſ#laus ſuppoſed he gave that advice to make
every man to malice him : wherefore, to deſpite him the more, he made him diſtributer of his viuals:
and having done ſo, ſome ſay that he ſpake theſe words in open preſence of many : Now let them go.
and honour my fleſh-diſtributer, Lyſandey being grieved withall, {aid untothe King : My Lord, you
know how to oppreſs your friends, And ſo do I, ſaid Ageſilaus, how to keep them under that would
be greater than my ſelf. It may be yet (replied Lyſander) | have not done as your Grace doth fay :
yetif you ſo conceive of me, put me I beſeech you in ſome place of charge or office, where I may do
you good ſervice without offence, After this talk between them, eAgeſelaxs ſent him into Her e-
$PONT, where by praCtiſe he took priſoner a Noble man a PER S1AN, called Spithridates, out of
Pharnabazus Province whereof he was Governour, and brought him to e-Lgeſi/ans with a great ſum
of Gold and Silver, and near about rwo hundred horſemen with him, All this notwithſtanding, he
forgat not his grudge to eAgeſilaxs, bur being offended till, ſought opportunity and means to de-
feat the two houſes of the priviledge of the Kingdom, and to bring it in common to all the other
houſes of SpARTA: and ſurely he had made great broil (in my opinion) in the City of Sparta,
had he not been prevented by death, in a journey he made into BoxzoTIa. Thus we ſee, that ambi-
tious minds obſerving no mean, are in,a Commonyeal oft times more hurtfull then beneficial, For
Ambitious though Lyſander was indeed intollerable, ro ſhew himſelf ſo ambitious, and our of time : yet was not
h-ads are very eA geſulaus ignorant neither, that there were divers other means leſs reproachfull ro puniſh ſuch a
_— Mm ® Noble man, that offended onely by greedinels of honour. But to tell you my opinion, they were
wealth — both blinded with one ſelf paflion : the one not to know his Princes power , and the other not to
bear with his friends imperfe&tion. Now T:ſaphernes at the firſt being afraid of £Ageſfilaus, made
league with him, colourably letting him underſtand that the King would be content to ſet the Cities
of GREECE in ASIA atliberty : notwithſtanding, when he thought he had gathered force ſuffici-
ent $0 fight with him, he proclaimed war. eAgeſilaus was very well content withall : for the expea-
tion was great of him through Gx#tcs , that he would do ſome noble exploit in his journey, +
Moreover he thought kimſelt diſhonoured for ever, that the ten thouſand Gr tc1a ns which were
returned back from the fartheſt part of As 1 4, even unto the ſea Major (under the conduR and lead-
ing of Xenophon their Captain) had overcome the King of PzRs14's Army as off as they liſted
themſelves : and that he which was the Lieutenant General of the La czDamon1ans ( who at
that time commanded both ſea and land) ſhould not do ſome deed worthy memory among the Gx x-
CIANS, Preſently therefore to revenge T:ſaphernes perjury by juſt/ deceit, he made a countenance
ene deeds BY though he would firſt invade the Countrey of Caxia. Whereupon this barbarous perſon Ti-
Ae * and che Jappernes gathered all his power together. But Ageſilaws on a ſudden returned back again, and eh-
falſhood of Tj- fred into PHRY GIA, took there many Cities, and wan great ſpoil, making-his men ſee by experience,
ſephernes. that to infringe and break a league made and avowed by oath, was a facriledge, and contemning of
the gods. On theother fide alſo, that to beguil his enemies, it was not onely juſt and hononrable,
but alſo profitable and pleafant. Now Agefilaws being weaker in horſemen then his enemies, and find-
ing the livers of the beaſts which he had ſacrificed, without heads, he returned into the City of E pu ex-
SUS, and there gathered horſemen together, letting the rich men underftand. (which would not them-
ſelves ſerve in perſon) that he did diſpence with their perſons, ſo that they did ſer ouMforſe and man
furniſhed for ſervice in their place. Many of them took that courſe ; and by this means Apeſilays
Ageſilaus craft. v1ithin few days had levied a great number of men at Arms, inſtead';of footmen that could do ſmall
| ſervice, For they that were unwilling to go to the Wars, did hire them that were willing to ſerve in
their place; and ſuch as would not ſerve on horſeback, did. give-them pay that were deſirous to
ſerve in their ſteads, In this he wiſely followed King Agamemnons example, who did diſpence with
the perſon of a rich coward for going to the Wars, by taking a good mareof him, Then Apeſi-
laxs commanded them that ſold the priſoners by the Drum taken inthe Wars, that they ſhould frip
them naked, and ſo ſell them, which they did. And ſundry perſons willingly _ their ſpoils
, fo
See the life of
Lyſandcr.
and raiment, but they ſcorned their bodies, becatfſe they ſaw-them white ski fr and deli-
cate : ſo that few men would out-bid the price for for thar they 'thought thoſe men unprofi-
table and good for nothing. Ageſilars alſobeing atthis ſale of purpoſe, ſaid thus unto his
men :;
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men : See, my friends, quorh he, theſe berhe inen againſt whom' ye are to fight, arid here be the
ſpoils for che which ye ſhall fight. The time being come now to pyrthimſelf into the field; and ro in-
vade h.s Enemies Countrey again, he gave our that he would enter LyD1a, nbt meatiiig ro deteive
T iſaphernes again, but Tiſaphernes deceived himſelf, For he being deceived before by Ageſilaut, pave - |
no credit to this ſecond rumour, bur perſwaded himſelf that doubtleſs" eAgeſi/aus meatit then to enter
into CARIA, and the rather for that it was a Woody Countrey, very it} tor horſemen; in the which |
he was the weaker. This notwithſtanding, Ageſ#ams invading (as he had given it our) the Champion' $ardir, the . |
Country, in the which ſtood SarD1s the capical Ciry of LyD1a, Tiſaphernes was compelled to chief Ciry of if
come to reſcue it in haſt , and being comethither with great ſpeed with his horſemen' he ſtole upori £2 '
|
|
many of his Enemies whom he found ftragling our of order, ſpoiling the Countrey, and put themoſt
of them to the ſword. eAgeſilans having intelligence of this, imagined with himſelf that the foot-
men of his enemy could not yet be arrived, and conſidering alſo that he had h's Army whole about |
him, thought ic beſt forthwith to bid him bartle, rather chen co delay time any longer. Thereupon
he thruſt in among the borſemen his light armed footmen, and commanded them ftraight to charge
the enemy, whilſt he cauſed the heavier armed men to follow at their heels, as they Tad. But the
barbarous people Hed upon it immediately : and the GREcrans luſtily following the chaſe, took |
their Camp, and made great ſlaughter of rhem chat fled. After this field foughten; they had leifure cn_ 2 |
| ! ! ory of Tiſ4-
enough nor onely ro ſpoil and over-run the Kings Country at their pleaſure, but alſo to ſee the re- phernes. © |
venge taken of Tiſaphernes, that was a vile man, and a cruel enemy to the Gx Ec1ans. Forthe
Kung of Pers14a made anocher his Lieutenant immediately in his room, called Tirhrauftes, who |
ſtrake off Tiſaphernes head, and fent unto Ageſs/aus to pray him to take peace with them, and to offet
him ſtore ot gold and fitver ro depart our of his Country. Thereto Ageſilaxs anſwered, that for peace,
it was not in himto make it, but the LacED4MoNIANS ; and that jor his own part, it was an eafier
matter to enrich his ſouldiers then himſelf, And furthermore, that the Gxtc1 a xs thoughrit a dif- |
honour to them, to take any gift of their enemies, other then ſpoils. This notwithſtanding, to gratifie [|
Tithrauſtes 10me what, for that he,had taken revenge of a common enemy of all the Gxtec1ans , |
for the ſum of thirty talents given him ro defray his charges, he withdrew his Army out of Lyp1 a,
and went into PHRYG1A. In his journey he received from the Council of La c=D&MonN the Scyrala
or ſcrowl of parchment wreathed abour, advertiſing him that the Cirizens had made him alſo their Ge- ”
neral by ſea, as he was by land. Ageſilaxs onely of all men obtained this honour, who withour com- a—_
pariſon was of all other the worthieſt man of fame in his. rime, as Theopompus witneſſeth ; and yet of all the Lace-
gloried rather to be commended for his vertue, then for the greatneſs of his authority. In this not- demonians =
withſtanding he was not to be blamed, when he made choice of one P5ſander his wives brother, to be Navy.
Lieutenant of the Navy, and forſook other Captains of better experience and elder years: fecking
rather to pleaſe his wite, and to advance one of his kin, then to regard the weal and fafery of his
Countrey. Afterwards he led h's Army into Pharnabazus Country which he bad in charge, where he
ſound nor onely plenty of allſorrs of victuals, bur gathered together alſo a wonderfull maffe of money.
From thence he went 1nto the Realm of ParartaGcoNta, and- made league there with King Corys, Cotys King of
who for his vertue and conſtant fideliry was very deſirous of his friendſhip. The like did Spychridates, © *PÞlagonia,
forſaking Pharnabazyus, and came unto Ageſilaws : and after he was come to him, he never went from rm mke og
bim, but always followed him whereſoever he went. Spythridares had a young Son that was paſling ;
fair,- called A{egaberes (of whom Ageſilans had great liking) and” likewiſe a fair young woman '|
to his daughter, of age to be married, whom eFgefilaus cauled King Corys romarry. So taking of |
-
CR
- ea —_——
King Corys a'thouſand horſemen , and two thouſand footmen light armed , he rerorned back to
PhHRYG1 A, and there deſtroyed Pharnabazus Counttey which he had in Government, who durſt nor
meet hinvin the field, nor truſt co his holds, but till fled from him, carrying all the chiefeſt: things ' | \
wich him, flicting from place to place, untill that Spyrhridares accompanied with Erippidas the S baR-" 1ycf1aus
TAN; followed him fonear, thar he rook his Camp, and all his treafure in ir. But thete' did Erjp- drave Pharns-
pidas ſhew himfelf ſo hard and cruel, over-ſtraightly fearching out' parr of the ſpoil that had been $435 our of
imbezled, compelling the barbarous' people to deliver it again , ranſacking every 'corner for it , bis tents,
that Spythridates- was offended withall , that on a: ſudden he rook the Parfitaconians with
him, and went back unto the City of Sakto1s. This more grieved Ageſs/aus then any thing that
hapened tohim in all his journey, for thar he loſt ſo valiant a man as Spythridates, and ſuch a num-
ber-of good ſouldiers as he carried away with him. Moreover, he was atraid left they would dere
a him of miſerable covetouſnefs, a thing which he ever was carefull to avoid, not onely in his own per-
| fon, but alſo to keep all his Countrymen from ir, Bur beſides theſe known cauſes, the love he bare
| to Spythridates Son pinched him nearly, though when the Boy was with him, be ftrived with his
l Own nature to. ſubdue chat naughry affeRion and deſire he had of him. For when Megaberes on a
time came to make much of him and to kiſs him, Ageſilaws rurned his face from the*Boy, The Boy
being aſhamed of rhe repulſe, durſt no more come ſo familiarly, but ſaluted him aloof off, A{geſilans
then repented him-rhat he had nor: ſuffered Megaberes ro kiſs him, made as though he marvelled
why he did nor kiſs him as he was wont to do. Then anſwered ſome of his familiars abour him :
Your ſelf, O King, isin faulr, becauſe you durſt not tarry, but were atxaid to kifs ſo fair a Boy : for
if he knew your mm; he would come again, ſo that you turned your face no more away. When
Ageſilaus had heard them, he pauſed a while, and faid never a word, but in. fre anſwered them:
Ic ſhall not need you Tay any thing ro him, for it would do me tore good I could: refuſe ſuch an
other kiſs again, than 1f all chat I ſee before me were' gold. Thus" was Ageſilavs dilpoſed —_
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Megabates was with him ; but in his abſence he did ſo love him, that I dare cantly fay, that if the boy
had come again into his preſence, he would have refuſed a kiſs at his hands, Atrer that, Pharnaba-
248 ſought to ſpeak with him, and one Apollophanes a Cy Z1CENIAN brought them together, that
was a friend unto them both: Ageſilans, was the firſt that met at the place appointed with his fr;ends,
The meeting and" tarrying for Phernabazas coming, be laid him down upon the deep grals in the ſhadow, under a
of _— faix great tree. Phernabazxs alſo came thither, and they ſpread ſoft skins long haired, and Tapeſtry
_ —_s _— wrought of divers colours, for him to fit upon the ground. But being ſhamed to ſee Age-
as flare laid on the bare pe in that ſorr, he alſo lay down by him, though he had upon him a mar-
vellous rich Gown, of excellent Tiſſue and paſling colour, Now when they had embraced one a-
nother, Pharnabazys began firſt to ſpeak, and lacked no good perſwaſions and juſt complaints, for
that he baving been (as he was) a friend unto the Lacepamonians in the War againſt the A-
THENIANS, was then ſpoiled and ſacked by chem. Ayeſilaus then finding that the SparTAns
that were about him at that my _ down their heads for ſhame, not knowing how to anſwer
him, conſidering that Pharnabazus bad injury offered him, began to ſpeak in this manner : Heretofore
P, when we were friends with the King (my Lord Pharnabazas) we have uſed his goods like friends, bur
ecfilaus | . - 2
words unto now that we are his enemies, like enemies we uſe them : and fince we ſec that thou wilt needs be a
Pharnabagus. flave of his marvel not though we hurt thee for his ſake. But when thou ſhalt like rather to be a
friend of the GxEc1ANSs thena ſlave to the King of Pzrs14, then make account that all theſe foul-
diers, this armour, our ſhips, and all we are to defend thy goods and liberty againſt him, withour
which, nothing that is honeſt can be looked for of mortal men, Thereupon Pharnabazas told him his
mind plainly : Surely, ſaid he, if the King do ſend hither any other Captain to be his Lieutenant, be
ſure I will then take your part ſtraight ; but on the other fide, if he make me his Lieutenant in this
War, truſtto it, I will do him the beſt ſervice I can againſt you. This anſwer paſlingly pleaſed A4ye-
ſilaxs, who taking him by the hand, and riſing up with him, faid unto him : I would wiſh (my Lord
Pharnabazks) baving ſo noble a mind as thou haſt, that thou wert rather our friend then an ene-
my. $6 Pharnabazus departing from thence with his men, his Son being left behind, ran to Age-
filaxs, and ſmiling told him, King Ageſ#ians, I will make thee my friend : and therewith gave him a
dart he had in his hand. Ageſ#laus took it of him, and liking well the beauty of the young youth,
ang the courteſie he had offered him, looked about him if any man in his company had any proper
- >-ching.thar he might beſtow on him. At the laſt he ſpied his Secretary Adess horſe, which had a rich
rapariſon on ; he ſtraight rook it from him, and gave the horſe and furniture to this lively youth
7 ns Son, who never after forgat it. For it chanced afterwards, that being driven, out of his
1Countrey by his brethren, and. flying into PzLorONNESUS, Ageſilans made very much of him,
and did nor ſtick to, further him in his love abroad. For he had a great fancy and liking to a boy of
ATHENS, whom they brought up in wreſtling, one day to play for the beſt games. But when he
was grown a big man and ſtrong, and that he came to offer himſelf to be billed with them that
Agefilaus to ſhoull wraſtle, at the Games Olympical, ven in ſome perill to be utterly refuſed ; this Pzz 514 N
bis friends, way thag loved him, went unto Ageſ#laxs, and belought his help, that this wreſtler might not receive the
without reſpe3-fg;[* ro be rejeted. Ageſilaus being deſirous to pleaſe him, performed his requeſt with ſome diffi-
py 1c. Cblry.. Thus Ageſilans inall things elſe was a ſtrict obſerver of the Law: but in his friends cauſes to
Ihe be- df Graight laced in matters of roflice he ſaid that was but an excuſe for them that would do nothing
half of his far their friends. ., To this effe&t they find a letter of his written unto /drain Prince of CarHa, for
friend, the delivery of his friend. If I 5c5as have not offended, let him go ; if he have offended, then pardon
him for my ſake :. but howſoever it be, let him go. This was Ageſi/aus manner in the moſt part of his
friends cauſes,, Notwithſtanding, occaſions fell out often times, that he rather inclined to the benefir
of. the Commonwealth. As appeared one day when he was driven to remove in hafte on a ſudden,
Other read.to and to. leave one. ſick behind him whom he loved dearly : the ſick man calling him by his name as
have = "x57 he, was going his way, beſought him that he would not forſake him. Ageſilaus (as Hieronymys the
oo ny Du Philoſopher reported) turned back again and ſaid : O how hard is it , both to love and to be wiſe !
_- 7" Now bad Ageſilays ſpent two years in this War, and was ſpoken of throughout As14, being mar-
Agefileus ver- velloully commended to the King himſelf, and for, his great honeſty, his continence, his courteſie,
rues. and plain dealing. For when he rode out into the Country with his own train onely, he would ever
lie inthe holieft Temples of the gods, becauſe he would the gods themſelves ſhoulg: be witneſſes of his
private doings ; whereas commonly we are loath that men ſhould ſee what we do. Furthermore, a-
mongſt ſo many thouſand ſouldiers as were in his Camp, there could hardly be found a worſe mattreſs
then that himſelf did lie upon every night. And as for heat and cold, he could as eaſily away with ei-
ther of both, as if by conſtitution of body he had been born to abide any weather or ſeaſon. But above
all, .it was a pleaſant ſight to the Gt c1 A xs that dwelt in As 1 a, when they ſaw the great Lords the
Kings Lieutenants of Pz & $14 (which before were proud, cruel, rich, and given to all luſt and pleaſure)
to honour and fear a man that went up and down in a poor Cape, ny afraid of every ſhort word that
he ſpake likea LacoNn1an, inſomuch as many of them called to mind the Poets verſes, who ſaid :
_ . As Mars bath nomercy, ſo Greece ſcorneth gold.
Now all As1 A. being up and in arboil , willingly yielded to him in every place, after he
had taken order. with the Citi —_ had ihe the liberty of their Nan Auanar without
any bloodſhed, :or haniſhment of, any perſon . : he determined to go further. into the land , and
tranſporting the wars from the ſea — of Grzscs, to fight with the King of Psx514 in proger
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perſon, and with the wealth, and happineſs of the EcyaTaxians and the Sus1ax1ans, and by
that means ts his leiſure from him, who fitting ſl] before, made the Gxt c 14s make War one with
another, by force of money corrupting the Goyernours of every City. Inthe meantime came Epyci-
das the Laconia N unto him, and brought him” news how SPARTA was grievoully troubled with Azeſilaus fetit
wars, enforced on them by the orher GRE c1ans:: and that cherefore-rhe Ephor i.did ſend for him Fa. out of Aſi.
home, and commanded himrto'teturn to defend his Counrrey,
Ab wretched Greece, how cruel ſlaughrer's haſt
Thou brought won thee, for ro lay thee waſt ?
For how ſhould a man therwiſe call this envy,” treaſon, .and civil conſpiracy artiong the Grz e1-
A NS, who overthrew their good fortune that made them happy before, turning their' wars againſt
the barbarous people our of GxEEcE, and now to*bring'it againſt themſelves? 1 am not 05 Dema-
ratxs opinion the Cox1NTHIAN, that the ſaid Grecians delight was taken from them, which
ſaw not eAlexander the Great firting in Darius Royal throne : bur rather I would think they ſhould
have wept, to have left this honour unto Alexander and the Mac £Dox1ans, fondly lofing ſo many
famous Caprains of GREEcE, at the battles 'of LeuctRes,-of Coxonza, of Corinth and
of ARCaD1a, Nevertheleſs, Ayeſilaxs never did better a&t in his life, nor ever ſhewed better ex- Azeſlaus obe.
ample of obedience and juſtice due to his Countrey, then he did in his return home, For fith Hannibal dience ro his
that began to have ill ſucceſs in his Wars, being in a manner driven our of [It a Ly, thought never <%9*?-
(bur gompelled) ro return again into his Countrey, to obey his Countreymen, which called him home
to/defend the Wars the Romans had made ar their own doors : and that «Alexander the Great
alſo being ſent home upon the like occaſion, -did not onely refuſe to return into Mactpox, but
made a jeſt at it, when news was brought him of rhe great battle which h's Lieutenant Antiparer
had fought with King Ag:s, ſaying : Methinks when 1 hear theſe news, whileft we are overcom-
ing of King Darixs here, there hath been a batrle of Rattes fought m Axcavra. Sith then (1
ſay) theſe two famous Captains have made fo littleaccount of their Country, may we not think the
Ciry of SPART A tleffed to have had ſuch a King, that ſo much reverenced his Countrey and obey-
ed the Law, as receiving onely a little ſcrowl of Parchment commanding him 'to return, he forſook
a world of goods and wealth that he quietly enjoyed (with affured hope and certainty of more) and
imbarked forthwith, leaving all the allies and confederates of his Country very ſorrowfull, for that
he had given over ſo noble anenterpriſe, which he had ſo happily begun? Yes ſure: Nay further-
more he paſſed nor for the ſaying of Demoſtratus PHEACIAN, who faid, that the Lactepano-
NIANS , in publick matters were the worthieſt men, and the ATHENIANS in private cauſes.
For as he had ſhewed himſelf a good King and an excellent Captain ro the Commonwealth, ſo
was he always courteous privately to his familiar friends. And becauſe the Pzr 514 coin was
ſtamped on the one fide, with the print of an Archer , Azeſilaus being ready to depart, ſaid, that Agefilaus dark
ten thouſand Archers drave him out of As14, For ſo much. was brought unto THz BEs: and A. !pccch.
THENS, and diftribured among the Orators and Governours there, who through their Orations
made boththeſe great Cities to riſe, and make War againſt the SpaxTANS, In his return Aveſi-
laws having paſſed the ſtraight of HELLESyONT, took his way through the Countrey of TH k 4-
C1A, and' never entreated barbarous King nor people to ſuffer him to paſs, but onely ſent unto them
to know wherher they would he ſhould paſs through their Countrey as a friend, or an enemy. All
Countries and Nations elſe receded very honourably to their power, fave the people called Tyro-
CHALIA NS, unto whom King Xerxes himſelf gave preſents that he might pals friendly through
their Countrey : who ſent unto Ageſilans to demand a hundred filver talents, and an hundred women Azefilaus de-
ro ſuffer him ro paſs through their Countrey, But Azeſilans laughing rhem to ſcorn, anſwered a- ſpifing and de-
gain ; Why, how chanceth ir that they came not themſelves ro receive them ? So therewithall he ceiving che
marched forward againſt theſe barbarous people who were ranged in bartle-ray to ſtop his pafſage :
howbeit he overthrew them, and flew a great number of them in the field. The like demand he made },
unto the King of MA c EDoN, whether he ſhould paſs through his Countrey as a friend, or an ene-
my. The King made him anſwer, he would conſider of it, Well, let him think of it, quoth Ageſs.
laws ; we will go on inthe mean time, The King then wondering at his great boldneſs, and fearing le
he would do him ſome hurr as he went, ſent to pray him that he would paſs through his Countrey as
a friend. Now it chanced (o that the THEsSAL1ANs at that time were in league with the enemies of
the LactD£MoNIANS : therefore as he paſſed through their Countrey, he did ſpoil and for-
rage it as his Enemies Countrey, and ſent Xenocles and Scyrha to the City of Lar1ssE, hoping to
perſwade them ro take part with the LaczpamoNnians. Theſe two Ambaſſadours were
retained there as priſoners. The SerarTaNs were marvellouſly offended withall : and thoughc
good that Ageſilaus ſhould beſfiege Laz1sst with his Army. Burt he anſwered them, he would
nor loſe one of thoſe men, ro win all TxzsSAL1E : and therefore found means that he
redeemed them again by compoſition. Peradventure this is not to be marvelled at in Ageſilaus
that news being brought him on a time, that in a great battle fought by the Ciry of CorxiNxT n,
where were many worthy and valiant Caprains ſlain of the Enemies , and but few of the
SPARTANS , he ſeemed not to rejoyce at it, but rather to fetch a grievous figh, ſaying: O
poor GREECE, how unfortunate art rhou, ro have ſlain with thine own hagds ſo many valianc
Captains of thine own people, as joyning together , might at one field have overcome all the
h Xx 3 bar-
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Megabates was with him ; bur in his abſence he did ſo love him, that I dare ſcanily ſay, that if the boy
had come again into his preſence, he would have refuſed a kiſs at his hands, Atrer that, Pharnaba-
24s ſought to ſpeak with him, and. one Apollophanes a Cy z1cENIAn brought them together, that
was a friend unto them both: Ageſilaws, was the firſt that met at the place appointed with his fr;ends,
The meeting and' tarrying for Pharnabazus coming, be laid him down upon the deep grals in the ſhadow, under a
of Ageflaus fair preat tree. Phernabazus alſo came thither, and they ſpread ſoft skins long haired, and 1 apeſtry
cad Fara Kal un wrought of divers colours, for him to fir upon the ground. But being ſhamed to ſee Age-
que, filaxs laid on the bare ground in that ſorr, he alſo lay down by him, though he had upon him a mar-
vellous rich Gown, of excellent Tiſſue and paſling colour, Now when they had embraced one a-
nother, Pharnabazus began firſt to ſpeak, and lacked no good perſwaſions and juſt complaints, for
that he baring boys ($488 was) a friend unto the LaczDamoNIans in the War againſt the A-
THENIANS, Was then ſpoiled and ſacked by chem. Ageſilaus then finding that the Spartans
that were about him at that meeting, hung down their heads for ſhame, not knowing how to anſwer
him, conſidering that Pharnabazxs had injury offered him, began to ſpeak in this manner : Heretofore
Aecfilaus When we were riends with the King (my Lord Pharnabazas) we have uſed his goods like friends, bur
4 * ot __ are his enemies, like enemies we uſe them : and ſince we ſee that thou wilt needs be a
Pharnabazus, ſlave of his, marvel not though we hurt thee for his ſake, But when thou ſhalt like rather to be a
friend of the GR&Ec1ANSs thena flave to the King of PERs14, then make account that all theſe foul-
diers, this armonr, our ſhips, and all we are to defend thy goods and liberty againſt him, wichour
which, nothing that is honeſt can be looked for of mortal men, Thereupon Pharnabazus told him his
mind plainly : Surely, ſaid he, it the King do ſend hither any other Captain to be his Lieutenant, be
ſure I will then take your part ſtraight , but on the other ſide, if he make me his Lieutenant in this
War, truſtto it, I will do himthe beſt ſervice I can againſt you. This anſwer paſlingly pleaſed Aye-
ſilgxs, who taking him by the hand, and riſing up with him, faid unto him : I would with (my Lord
Pharnabazks) baving ſo noble a mind as thou haſt, that thou wert rather our friend then an ene-
my. $0 Pharnabazus departing from thence with his men, his Son _ left behind, ran to Age-
filgus, and ſmiling told him, King Ageſilans, I will make thee my friend : and therewith gave him a
dart he had in his hand. Ageſilaus took it of him, and liking well the beauty of the young youth,
ang the courteſie he bad offered him, looked about him if any man in his company had any proper
- »ching..char be might beſtow on him. At the laſt he ſpied his Secretary Adexs horſe, which had a rich
rapariſon on : he ſtraight rook it from him, and gave the horſe and furniture to this lively youth
Pharnabazus Son, who never after forgar it. For ir:chanced afterwards, that being driven, out of his
:Countrey by his brethren, and __—_ PELOPONNESUS, Ageſilaxs made very much of him,
and did nor ſtick to er him in his love abroad. For he had a great fancy and liking to a boy of
ATHENS, whom they —_ up in wreſtling, one day to play for the beſt games. But when he
was grown a big man and ftrohg, and that he came to offer himſelf to be billed with them that
Ageſilaus to ſhoull wraſtle, at the Games Olympical, being in ſome perill to be utterly refuſed , this Pxrx 514 N
bis friends, was thay loved him, went unto Ageſslaxs, and belought his help, that this wreſtler might not receive the
without reſpet3-f6yI* to be rejected. | Ageſilaus being deſirous to pleaſe him, performed his requeſt with ſome diffi-
” my lee. Cty. Thus Ageſtlans adpr 4% ſe was a ſtrict obſerver of the Law: but in his friends cauſes to
7 ho "Wa be Fraight laced in matters of juſtice, he ſaid that was but an excuſe for them that would do nothing
half of his far their friends. ., To this effect they find a letter of bis written unto 1drain Prince of CarHa, for
friend. the delivery of his friend. If N;c5as have not offended, let him go ; if he have offended, then pardon
him for my ſake :. but howſoever it be, let him go. This was Ageſ#laus manner in the moſt part of his
friends cauſes,, NotwithſRanding, occaſions fell out often times, that he rather inclined to the benefic
of. the Commonwealth. As appeared one day when he was driven to remove in haſte on a ſudden,
Other read.to, an] to. leave. one. {ick behind him whom he loved dearly : the fick man calling him by his name as
have pity 3nd he, was going his way, —_ him that he would not forſake him. Ageſilaus (as Hieronymus the
p he \yory "wt Philoſopher reported) t back again and ſaid : O how hard is it , both to love and to be wiſe !
ing. - © - "Now bad Ageſilays ſpent two years inthis War, and was ſpoken of throughout A514, being mar-
Agefilaus ver- velloully commended to the King himſelf, and for his great honeſty, his continence, his courteſie,
rues. and-plain dealing. For when he rode out into the Country with his own train onely, he would ever
lie in the bolieſt Temples of the gods, becauſe he would the themſelves ſhould- be witneſſes of his
private doings ; whereas commonly we are loath that men ſhould ſee what we do. Furthermore, a-
mongſt ſo many thouſand ſouldiers as were in his Camp, there could hardly be found a worſe mattreſs
then that himſelf did lie upon every night. And as for heat and cold, he could as eaſily away with ei-
ther of both, as if by conſtitution of body he had been born to abide any weather or ſeaſon, But above
all, .it was a pleaſant ſight ro the Gxzc1 A ws thatdwelt in As 1 a, when they ſaw the Lords the
Kings Lieutenants of Pz & $14 (which before were proud, cruel, rich, and given to all luft and pleaſure)
to. honour and fear a man that went up and down in a poor Cape, ay afraid of every ſhort word that
he ſpake likea LacoNn1Aan, inſomuch as many of them called to mind the Poets verſes, who ſaid :
As Mars bath nomercy, ſo Greece ſcorneth gold.
Now all As1 A. being up and in garboil , willingly yielded to him in every place, after he
had taken order. with the Citi _y- had bled? the liberty of their rs Sar , without
any bloodſhed, ;or haniſhment of, any perſon : he determined to go further . into the land , and
tranſporting the wars from the ſea coalts of Gxzzcs, to fight with che King of Psx5s14 in rogue
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For how ſhould a man 6therwiſe call this envy,” treaſon, .and civil conſpiracy artiong the Grter-
ANS, who overthrew their good forrune that made them happy * before, turning their' wars againſt
the barbarous people our of GxEEcE, and now to*bring'it againſt themſelves? 1am not 05 Dema-
rats opinion the COR1NTHIAN, that the ſaid Grecians delight was taken from them, which
ſaw not eAlexander the Great firting in Darizs Royal throne : bur rather I would think they ſhould
have wepr, to have left this honour unto Alexander and the Mac £Dox1ans, fondly lofing ſo many
famous Captains of GREECE, at the battles of LeuctREs, of Coxoxta, of CoritnTH and
of Axcad1a, Nevertheleſs, 4geſilaxs never did better a&t in his life, nor ever ſhewed better ex- Azeſilaus obe-
ample of obedience and juſtice due to his Countrey, then he did in his return home. For fith Hannibal
that began to have ill ſucceſs in his Wars, being in a manner driven our of [IT a Ly, thought never
(bur compelled) ro return again into his Countrey, to obey his Countreymen, which called him home
to defend the Wars the Romans had made ar their own doors ; and that eAlexander the Great
alſo being ſent home upon the like occaſion, -did not onely refuſe to return into Mactpox, bur
made a jeſt at it, when news was brought him of the grear battle which h's Lieutenant Antiparer
had fought with King Agss, ſaying : Methinks when 1 hear theſe news, whileft we are overcom-
ing of King Darixs here, there hath been a battle of Ratres fought m Axcavra. Sith then (1
ſay) theſe two famous Captains have made fo littleaccount of their Country, may we not think the
Ciry of SPARTA tlefſed to have had ſuch a King, that ſo much reverenced his Countrey and obey-
ed « Law, as receiving onely a little ſcrowl of Parchment commanding him to return, he forſook
a world of goods and wealth that he quietly enjoyed (with affured hope and certainty of more) and
imbarked forthwith, leaving all the allies and confederates of his Country very ſorrowfull, for that
he had given over ſo noble anenterpriſe, which he had ſo happily begun? Yes ſure: Nay further-
more he paſſed not for the ſaying of Demoſtratus PHEACIAN, who faid, that the LaczpDamo-
NIANS , in publick matters were the worthieft men, and the ATHENIANS in private cauſes.
For as he had ſhewed himſelf a good King and an excellent Captain to the Commonwealth, ſo
was he always courteous privately to his familiar friends. And becauſe the Per S14am coin was
ſtamped on the one ſide, with the print of an Archer , Azeſilars being ready to depart, faid, that Agefileus dark
ten thouſand Archers drave him out of As14, For ſo much. was brought unto THEzEs and A-
THENS, and diftribured among the Orators and Governours there, who through their Orations
made boththeſe great Ciries to riſe, and make War againſt' the SpaxTANS. In his return Ageſs-
laus having paſſed the ftraight of HELLEs yoNT, took his way through the Countrey of Th & 4-
CIA, and never entreated barbarous King nor people to ſuffer him to paſs, but onely ſent unto them
to know wherher they would he ſhould paſs through their Countrey as a friend, or an enemy. All
Countries and Nations elſe receded very honourably to their power, fave the people called Txxo-
CHALIA NS, unto whom King Xerxes himſelf gave preſents that he might paſs friendly through
their Countrey : who ſent unto 4geſilaus to demand a hundred filver talents, and an hundred women
ro ſuffer him ro paſs through their Countrey, But Aveſilaus laughing rhem to ſcorn, anſwered a- ſpifing and de-
gain ; Why, how chancerh ir that they came not themſelyes ro receive them ? So therewithall he
marched forward againſt theſe barbarous people who were ranged in bartle-ray to ſtop his pafſage ;
howbeit he overthrew them, and flew a great number of them in the field. The like demand he made
unto the King of MA c £DoN, whether he ſhould paſs through his Countrey as a friend, or an ene-
my. The King made him anſwer, he would conſider of it, Well, let him think of it, quoth Ageſe-
lars ; we will go on in the mean time, The King then wondering at his great boldneſs, and fearing left
he woul4 do him ſome hurt as he went, ſent to pray him that he would paſs through his Countrey as
a friend. Now it chanced ſo that the THEsSSAL1ANSs at that time were in league with the enemies of
the LacED&MONIANS : therefore as he paſſed through their Countrey, he did ſpoil and for-
rage it as his Enemies Countrey, and ſent Xenocles and Scytha to the City of LartssE, hoping to
perſwade them to take part with the LaczDamoNIans. Theſe wo Ambaſſadours were
retained there as priſoners. The SearTAaNSs were marvellouſly offended withall : and choughc
good that Ageſilaus ſhould befiege Laz1ssE with his Army. Burt he anſwered them, he would
not loſe one of thoſe men, to win all TwzsSAL1z : and therefore found means that be
redeemed them again by compoſition. Peradventure this is not to be marvelled at in Ageſilaus
that news being brought him on a time, that in a great battle fought by the Ciry of CoxiNnTn,
where were many worthy and valiant Caprains lain of the Enemies , and bur few of the
SPARTANS , he ſeemed not to rejoyce at it, but rather to'ferch a grievous ſigh, ſaying: O
poor GREECE, how unfortunate art thou, tro have ſlain with thine own hagds ſo many valianc
Captains of thine own people, as joyning together , might at one field hbaye overcome all the
| Xx 3 bar=
dience to his
Countrey.
ſpeech,
Agefilaus de-
ceiving the
barbarous peo-
ple, returned
home through
theixg Country.
— - _ —_—_ CC
h CI _—
> _ =
i : 2 TDs ISS |
E | - \ ” HY eh a,
The Eclipſe of
the Sun.
hn *, Sx O =
barbarous people? The PharsALians harrying and troubling the rereward of Ageſilaus Army,
he put forth hve hundred horſemen which pub. ſo luſty a charge, that he overthrew them by
fotce, For this vi&ory, he ſet up tokens of Triumph upon the mountain called N@rthacium, and
this victory pleaſed him above allthe reft, becauſe with the ſmall number of horſemen which he had
gotten together of himſelf, he had overthrownthe glory and pride of the enemics horſemen in bat-
tle, whereof they had vaunted many years before, 'Thither came Dspbridac one of the Ephories unto
him, ſent of purpoſe from SPARTA, to rommand him immediately to invade BozoT14, with his
Army. Now though 4 oflane, ages ſome other time with a greater power to enter BozoT1a,
yet becauſe he woul aw, obey the Councils commandment of S2ART A, he told his men ſtraight,
that the battle for the which they returned outof As 14 was athand, and therefore he ſent for two
Companies of them which lay in Cap. b CORINTH. The LacED&AmMONIANS that were at
SPARTA, to honour eAgeſs/aus. for that he had obeyed their commandment ſo readily, proclaimed
in the City, that as many young men as were deſirous to go aid the King, ſhould come to enter their
names, Notwithſtanding, they onely choſe but fifty of the valianteft among them, and ſent them
unto him. In the mean time , eAgeſlaxs paſſed through the Countrey of TazxMoryyLEs, and
coafting over the land of PHoc1Ds, confederates to the LacE:D&MoNIANS, he entred into Bo t-
oT14, and camped by the City of CxtroNI A : where immediately after his arrival, he ſudden-
ly ſaw the Sun Eclipſed, and darkned inthe faſhion of a new Moon. Even withall , came the news
of the dexth of Psſander unto him, who was (lain in a battle which he had loſt by ſea, fighting againſt
Plſander, Ge= phgrnyabazus and Conon, bard by the Iſle of Gn1D0s. Theſe news were very heavy unto him,
neral of the
Nayy flain in
battle.
The Ifland of
Gnidos.
Agefilaus bat-
tle with the
ans,
both for reſpe& of the perſon his kin{man whom he loſt, as alſo for the great loſs that happened to
the Commonwealth, Nevertheleſs , fearing his ſouidiers would be diſcouraged with the news,
and become faint-hearted , being ready to joyn battle, he commanded them that came from the
Sea, to brute abroad a contrary tale to that they told him : and he himſelf ro make good their ſpeech,
came out among them, with a Garland of flowers on his head, and did ſacrifice tothe gods, as thank-
ing them for their good news, ſending to every one of his friends a piece of fleſh {acrificed, as he
commonly uſed to do, in any publick cauſe of joy. Then marching forward, he ſtraight diſcovered
his enemies far off, and they likewiſe him : and thereupon put his men in battle ray, and gave the
left wing untothe ORcHOMENIANS, leading himſelf the right wing. The Txt Bans on the 0-
ther ſide, placed themſelves in the right wing of their Army, and gave the left unto the AxG1ves,
Xenophon being at that battle on «Ageſilaus fide, writeth that he never knew of the like field fought,
At the firſt —_— the conflict wasnot great between both, neither held long, becauſe the Thz yan s
brake the OxcHomENITANS ſtraight, and eAgefelaus the ARG1vEs, But when either fide un-
derſtood that the left wings of their battle were in great diſtreſs, and that they turned their backs,
they returned ſuddenly again. And where «Ageſilaus might eaſily have bad the victory without any
danger, if he had ſuffered the ſquadron of the enemies to paſs by him, and afterwards to have charg-
ed them in the rereward : of a noble courage to ſhew his valiantneſs, he gave charge upon the va-
ward, to have honour in on_—_—— them. The Tuzzans on the other fide no leſs yaliantly
received him, and fought luſtily on all hands : but the cruelleſt fight was about eLgeſilaxs perſon,
with the fifry young men that were ſent to guard him, who ſhewed themſelves very valiant, «{ge-
filaus" was ſore hurt, notwithſtanding their valiant reſiſtance, his armour being paſſed through with
their Pikes and Swords in ſundry places : Whereupon they environed him round amongſt them, and
kept him from. the Enemies, killing a great number of them, and many of themſelves alſo being
killed. In fine, finding the THEBANs too _ in the vaward, they were forced to do that
which they refuſed at the firſt : and opening themſelves, gave chem paſſage through them, So when
they were paſſed them , the SPaKTANSs perceiving how looſely and diſorderly they march-
ed, as thinking themſelves out of all danger , followed them and gave' charge upon their flanck,
But all this could not make the THzza Ns fly : for they rejoycing: for their vitory at this battle,
Helicon mons. retired fair and ſoftly unto the mountain Helicon, But eAgeſilaus notwithſtanding he was y
The worthineſs ſore hurt, with many a grievous wound, would not go into his Pavillion to be dreſſed, before he had
of Ageſi1aus. been. firſt at the place where the battle was fought, and had ſeen his men that were ſlain brought
The Temple of away in their 2rmours. As many of his enemies as were fled into the Temple of Afinerva Itonian,
' Minervs Itoni= gyhich was not far from thence (where alſo were ſet up tokens of triumph offered unto her a 1
time beforethe TyzBANSs, when they had overcome the Army of the ATHEN1Aans, under the
condu& of Spartor: their Captain, _ had ſlain alſo Tolmides their Captain in the field) he com-
manded his men they ſhould let them go where they would. The next morning by break of day,
eAgeſilaus deſirous to ſee if the Tut Ba Ns had any courage ro come down to fight again, com-
manded his ſouldiers to put Garlands their heads, and his Muſitians to ſound their Shalms or
Pipes, whileſt he did ſet up a token of Triumph as vitorious. Moreover, his enemies ſending to
him to ask leave to take away their dead men, he granted them truce for the time, and thereby con-
firmed his victory. After that, being carried to the City of Dz1 yHo's, where the Pythian games
were played, he made a ſolemn proceſſion and common ſacrifice unto epollo, and 0 him the
renth part of all his ſpoils which he had brought out of As1a , which amounted to the ſum
of an hundred Talents, This thing done, he returned into his Country, where he was greatly ho-
noured and efteemed. of all his Citizens and Countrymen, for his orderly life and noble behaviour:
The conſtancy for he was no Changeling , but the ſelf ſame man in ſtate and condition that he was before he
of Agefilaus took bis journey. He transformed not himſelf into ſtrangers manners , as commonly other Cap-
rains
by
GESILAVS.
* 4 + C
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> Do...
** tains dog that return out of a far Countrey where they have made Wars : neither did he ſcorn his
Country faſhions, or ſhewed himſelf diſobedient to the Laws thereof, but alwaies kept and ob-
ſerved them, without any manner of alteration in his meat and drink, in waſhing or bathing, in his
Wives apparell, in his armoury, or any way elſe in his houſhold tuff, as if he had never paſſed
over the iKiver of Euroras. Yer further, he left his old gates ſtanding, that were of ſo great CON-
tinuance, that they were thought to be thoſe which Ariftodemus had ſet up. Xenophon alſo ſaid; that
his daughters Canathrum was nothing more ſumptuous then any others were. A Canathrum in La- Canathrum
CEDAMON, is a kind of Coach, or Chariot after the likeneſs of Griffins, Harts,- or Goats : up- what ic is. |
on the which they carried young Wenches in folemn proceſſion in the City. Xenophon wrote noc
what was the name of this daughter of Ageſslaxs : and Dicearchns alſo was much offended, thar
they neither knew Ageſ#/aus daughters name , nor yet the mother of Epaminoridas, Yet we
find in the LacoNn1anN Chronicles, chat 4geſilaus wives name was {Teora, one of his daughters Cleore, . the -.
called Apolia, and the other. Prolyta. Moreover, Ageſilaws Spear is leen to this day in the City of wite of King
SPARTA, even like unto others, and no manner of difference. Now ; Vi . Ageſulans.
2 , eAgeſilaus perceiving cer- © =
tain Citizens of SPARTA to ſtand upon their reputation , and eſteeming themſelves above others, Prolyts, Agefi
\ Ages.
becauſe they kept horſe in their ſtable, perſwaded his Siſter {nic to ſend her Coach and Coach- 1aus daughters.
horſes to the Olympian games to run for the beſt prize, onely to let the Gx cans ſee, that it
was no act of any vertue, but ſimply of riches and coſt. Furthermore having Xenophon the Philoſo- Xenophon,
pher about him, whom he loved, and made great account cf, he perſwaded him to ſend for his Sons 8*<** about
to LaCEDE&MON, that they might be brought up there, where they ſhould learn the nobleft ſcience 87
that men could poſlibly learn , ro wit , to obey, and to command. When Lyſander was dead, The prattile
eAgeſilars at his return out of As14, found. a great faction and conſpiracy raiſed by his means a- * -1{nder 2-
aint him in SPARTA : and becauſe it might appear what manner of Citizen Lyſander was when _ - ——_—
- lived, he was likely to have openly ſhewed and declared an Oration which he found among his AD
writings (the which the Orator (leon Hallicarnaſſeus bad written for him, and Lyſander ſhould
have conned without book, to have ſpoken in open Aſſembly ) that was to ſtir innovation , and
in manner have made a change of the whole Government of the Commonwealth of Laczvznon.
Howbeit there was a grave Counſellor that having read the Oration and doubting the apparent The wiſe
reaſons and perſwaſions alledged, told him, that he would wiſh him not to pluck up thedead again <ounſell of &
out of his grave, but rather to bury this Oration together with his body. eAgeſilaws liked the coun. > 3:
ſell, and proceeded no further, And for them that either were, orhad been his enemies, he did them *****
no hurt openly : bur found the means to make ſome of them to. be ſent as Lieutenants of Armies, or The policy 6
otherwiſe to have charge in the Wars, In fine, he made it openly known, what coverous and Age -— og
wicked men they had been in their charges : ſo that when they were accuſed of it before the Council, win his ene-
he would then help and intreat foruhem. By this means he made them again his friends, where ®ic*
they had been his enemies : inſomuch as in the end, he had not one enemy ar all, For the other King Ageſilaus, and
eA geſipolis his colleague, whoſe father had been baniſhed, , he being a very young man, and of a Ag*fpolir,
gentle nature, medled not greatly with government,of the Commonwealth. Nevertheleſs, he fo *'"85 of La:
behaved himſelf unto Ageſ#/axs that he made him his very good friend : for both the Kings when ©"
they were in the City, did eat together in one hall. Then Ageſilaus knowing that Ageſipolis (as him- *
ſelt) was given to love, would ever miniſter talk to him of the goodly young boys of the City,
enticing him to love ſome one of them, which he himſelf did love : and therein he was both his
companion and helper. For intheſe Lacox1An loves there was no manner of diſhoneſty offe-
red, but a true affe&tion and honeſt regard to frame the boy beloved unto vertue and honeſt condi-
tions : as we have more amply declared in the life of Zycurgus. Ageſilaus by this means, having the
whole authority (above all men in the City) in his hands, made his half brother Telextias General Telewst :
by ſea, and himſelf with the Army by land went to beſiege the City of Cox1NnTH, where with his ſlars! er
brothers help by ſea he rook the long walls of the ſame. The AxG1ves which kept Cor1NTH thermade Ge-
at that time, at Ageſilaus arrival there, were ſolemnizing the feaſt of the Iſthmian games : who neral of the ©
made them flie, even as they came from ſacrificing unto the god Neprne, driving them to leave all *rmy by ſea,
their preparation and ſolemniry. Then divers baniſhed men of CoxrNTH that were in his Army,
beſought him that he would keep theſe Iſthmian games : but he denied them, yer was contented
ould themſelves ſolemnize them , and ſo himſelf remained there , during the time
of the feaft, for their ſafety. Afterwards, when Ageſilaus was gone thence, the ArxG1v es returned
and did celebrate the Iſthmian games, and there were ſome of them which having won the game ar
the firſt, did alſo win it at the ſecond time : and others that were victorious before, were this ſe-
cond time overcome. Whereupon Ageſilaxs ſaid , that the Ax G1ves ſhewed themſelves rank
cowards, that efteeming ſo much (as they did) theſe plays and ſacrifices, they durſt not once offer
ro fight with him for, defence of the ſame. For himſelf, touching ſuch like ſports and games, he ever
thought ir ro keep a mean, and not to be too curious. For he was contented to honour ſuch
ſolemn aſſemblies and common feaſts with his -preſence, as were commonly uſed inSear Ta, and
rook great pleaſure to ſee the ſports between the young Boys and Girles of SeanTa; howbe-
ir touching the games, he ſeemed not to be acquainted with ſome of them, wherein others had great
delight, As we read, that Callipides an excellent Stage Player ( wonderfully eſteemed of among
the GRECIANS for a ſingular man in that Art) meeting Ageſilaus ona time, at the firſt did his duty
to him, and then arrogantly thruſt himſelf among them that walked with him , —_—_
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King would have made much of him : bur perceiving he made no countenance to him, inthe end he
"asked him : O King Ageſilaus, do you not know me? Ageſslaus looking upon him , anſwered :
What, art not thou Callipides the Stage-Player ? and ſo made no further account of him. Another
time being deſired ro hear a man that naturally counterfeired the Nightingales voice, he would not hear
- him, ſaying, T have oftencimes heard che Nightingale ir ſelf. Another time alſo when enecrares the
Phyſitian'{having by good fortune cured a deſperate diſeaſe) called himſelf Jupiter, and arrogantly
uſurped” rhat name, preſuming in a letter he wrote unto Apeſ#laxs, to ſublcribe it in this manner,
"Menecrates Fupiter, unto King Azxeſilaus, greeting : Ageſilaus wrote again unto him, Ageſilaxs
unto Menecrates * health. So, whilſt Ageſilaus was in the territory of CorR1NTH ( where he had
'takenthe Teraple of Juno) beholding his ſouldiers forraging and ſpoiling the Countrey round abour,
Ambaſſzdours came'to him from THEBEs, to pray him to make peace with the THEBAaNS. Bur he
That always hated the Taz Bans, ard beſides that thought ir then very requiſite for the good ſuc-
ceſs of his doings, to make light of ir, ſeemed as he neither heard nor ſaw them that ſpake unto him,
But even at char very inſtant, as by divine revenge to cry quirtance, there fell a great caiſhap upon
:him:” for before the Ambaſſadors were gone from him, he had news that one of their bands called
the Mothers, were {lain every man by Uphicrates': which was the greateſt loſs rhar they in a long
time before had” ſuſtained. For they loſt a great number of valiant ſouldiers, all naturall Lact £-
- *MONIANS : who being well armed every man, were ſlain by naked or light armed hirelings.
* *Fhereupon Ayeſilaus went ſtraight into the field with hope to fave them, or at the leaſt to be re-
yenged: bur receiving-certain intelligence by the way that they were all ſlain, he [returned again to
the Temple of -Funo from whence he came, and then ſent for che 'Ambaſſadours of the Boz or 1-
.{ "ANs, to givethem' audience. ' Bur they, to requite his former diſdain unto them, made no man-
ſeflerh the Ca-
ſtle of Cadmeaa
- her” of ſpeech of peace, bur onely requeſted him to ſuffer them to enter into CokxinTH. Age-
filans being offended, anſwered them: If ir be ro ſee your friends'triumph of their ViRtory, ye may
fafely do it tomorrow. Thereupon the next morning raking the Ambaſſadours with him, he de-
- troyed the CoxInTHIANS Countrey, even to the walls of their Ciry, And when he had made
the Ambaſſadors ſee, thar the Citizens of CorxrNTH durſt not come our into the field to defend
| their Countrey, he gave them 'leave ro depart. Then' raking the remain of that band that was 0-
verthrown,. which by flight had eſcaped, he 'brought them into Laczpamon again, always re-
. moving his Camp before Fe: , and never encamped till dark night, becauſe the Agcavians
(their mortal enemies ) ſhould not rejoyce at their loſs. After this voyage, to gratifie the A-
CHAIANS, he entred with them into the Cotintrey of AcarNa NIA, and brought great ſpoils
* From thence, after he. had overcome them in battle. Moreover, when the Acaarans beſoughr
him to-remain with them all the Winter, to keep his enemies from ſowing of their ground, he made
them/anſwer, he would not. For, faid be, they will be afraid of War the next year, when all their
fields ſhall be ſowen with Corn : and ſo indeed ic came to paſs, For the Army returning again, they
made peace incontinently with the AcHaians, About that time, Pharnabazus and Conon , with
the King of Pzx514's Army, beihg Lords of the Sea, withour let of any deſtroyed and ſpoiled
all the coaſt of LacoNn1a, Moreover, the City of ATHENS did rear up her walls again by the
help of Pharnabazus money, wherewith he had furniſhed them. Thereupon the LaczDzwont-
ANS thought good to make peace with the King of P=& $14, and ro that end ſent aAnralcidas
Ambaſſador unto Tiribazxs, moſt ſhametully and cruelly betraying to the King, the Gr zc1a vs
inhabiting in As14, for whoſe liberty egeſilaxs had made Wars with him before. So, it was Age-
ſilaus hap not to be foiled with any parr of this ſhame : for CAnralcidas that was his enemy, ſoughr
all 'the means he could to concludethis peace, for that he ſaw War did daily encreaſe the amboruy,
honour, and tame of Ageſilaus. Notwithſtanding, he anſwered one of them, that reproved him for
that the LactDaMONIANS did fayour the MEDEs ; No, ſaid he, they donortſo, but the Mepz s
do play the Laczpamonians. Nevertheleſs, threatning War to all the Gxec1ans, which
would not agree to the conditions of this peace, he compelled them to yield unto that the King of
PERS1A liked. But ſurely hedidthis chiefly for reſpe of the THEBANs, to the end that they being
enforced by the capitulations of rhe peace, to ſer the Countrey of Botor 14 at liberty again, ſhould
be ſo much the weaker. This plainly appeared ſoon after by that that followed, For Phebidas ha-
ving-ccommitred a foul a, in open peace to take the Caſtle of the City of Tazzzs, called Cadmea,
offending thereby all the other GRzcrans (and the SpaRTANS themlelyes alſo notbeing very
well pleaſed withall, and thoſe ſpecially which were Ageſfilaus enemies) Phebidas being asked in
great anger, at whoſe commandment he had done that ſudden enterpriſe, to lay all the ſuſpition
of the fat upon him, Agefilans for Phebidas diſcharge, letred nor openly to ſay, that the quality of
the fa& was to be conſidered of, whether it were profitable for the Commonwealth, or not : and
that ir was well done of him, the thing falling our profitable for his Countrgy, to do it of his own
head without commandment, All this notwithſtanding he was wont to fay in private talk , that
juſtice was the chiefeft of all vertues, and therefore thar valiantneſs without juſtice was of no yali-
dirty, and'thar it all men were juſt, valiantneſs were of no eftimation, And to them that told him,
the great King will have it ſo ; Why, ſaid he, and wherein is he better then my ſelf, if he be-no
juſter 2: Judging very wiſely therein, that -they ſhould eftrem a King (whether he was of grear or
ſmall power')' by his juſtice, as by the beam of Princely ballance. When peace was concluded, the
King of PzR $14 having ſent him a private letter defiring his friendſhip, Ageflexs refuſed it, ſay-
ing : that common friendſhip was enough berwixt them, and that they ſhould need none other, fo
long
; _— ji $4 k.\4
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AGESILAVUS.
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Lt
long as that was kept, But this notwithſtanding, when it came to the point of performance, he went
from his firſt good opinion, and gave place co his will and ambition, ſpecially againſt the Tyzzans,
at that time when he did not onely ſave Phebidas, but alſo procured the City of SearT a to take
the fault upon them which be bad committed ; and to juſtifie un, by keeping che Caſtle of admea fill
and making Archias and Leontidas Governours of the Ciry of THEBEs, by whom Phebidas came
by the Caſtle of ({admes, aud poſlefied ir, Thereupon every man thought ſtraight, that Phebidas
was he that had put the matter in execution , but that Ageſilaus gave the counſell to do it: as
things falling out afterwards, did maniteftly prove the ſuſpition true. For, after that the Taz-
BANS had driven the Garriſon of the LaczpamoNians out of the Caftle of Cadmea, and
reſtored their City again to liberty, burthening them thar they had traiterouſly lain Archias and
Leontidas (who indeed were Tyrants, though in name Governours) he made War with them : and
Cleombrotus, reigning then King with him after Ageſipelus death, was ſent before into Boz0T1a
with an Army : I was diſpenſed with by taw for going any more tothe Wars, by reaſon of
his age, for that he was fourty years old from the firft growth of hair on his face, and therefore
went not that journey : being aſhamed that che THE BANs ſhould now ſee him fight to revenge
the Tyrants deaths, who had but a little before taken Arms for the baniſhed men, againſt the Px 1-
' ASIANS, Atthat time there was a LacoNnian called Sphodrias, of the contrary faRion unto
Apefilaus : and was then Governour in the City of THes1Es, a valiant and ſtout man of his hands,
buc ever fuller of vain hope, then of good judgment. He defiring tame, and ſuppoſing that Phebidas
came to dignity and great eſtimation through his valiant enterprize at THEBEs ; perſwaded himſelf
that he ſhould win much more honour, if of himſelf he took the haven of Pirea, ſuddenly ftealing up-
on the ATHENtANS by land, cutting them off by that means from all trade by ſea. It was thought
commonly that this was a practiſe deviſed by Pelopidas and Gelon, Governours of BotzoTt14 , who
had allured certain men to fain themſelves very devout and friendly to the LaczDamonians.
Theſe men praiſing and extolling Sphodrzas to his face, put him in the head that they knew none ſs
worthy as himſelf alone, to take in hand ſo noble an enterpriſe, Thus by their perſwaſions they train»
ed him on co this attempt, which for vileneſs was nothing inferior unto that treacherous winning of
the Caſtle of CadmeaarTHEBES : although it was attempted with lefs hardineſs and diligence. For
day was broken when he was yet in the plain of Thk1as 1um, where he made account to have been
at the walls of Pireaby night. Furthermore it is reported, that the men he brought wich him, ſeeing
certain fires from the Temples of the City of Exzus1w, were all afraid and amazed : yea he him-
ſif alſo fainted perceiving he was diſcovered, and ſo turned back with ſhame and diſhonour to the
City of Thzs its, without any exploit done, ſaving onely a little ſpoil taken. Thereupon accuſers
Sphodrias ort-
Ctife to rake
the haven of
Piras at As
thens.
were ſtraight ſent from ATHENS unto SPARTA, who upon their atrival found that they needed Sphodrizs ac-
not accuſe him, for that the Council and Governours of the City had already ſent for him to come un- culed ofres=
to them, to condemn him of high treaſon. Bur he durſt not return to Sear a, fearing the fury of
his Countrymen, thinking indeed that they would ſeem as though the wrong had been done to them,
becauſe ir ſhould not be thought that they had cauſed it to be done. This Sphodyias had a Son called
({teonymus, a very fair Boy, with whom Archidamus ( Ageſilaus Son) was far in love: who then
was marvellous ſorry to ſee this Boy he loved, in ſo great danger to loſe his Father, and yer durſt not
be ſeen to help him, becauſe Sphodrias was one of Ageſilans adverſaries. Notwithſtanding, Cle-
onymus making his moan to him with tears in his eyes, and praying him to pacifie his Father 4geſs-
laus (whom they feared above all men elſe) eArchidamus followed his father three or four days t0-
gether, and durſt not break the matter to him : in fine, the day of the next Seffion being ar
How Sphodrias
was ſayed from
when judgment ſhould be given on Sphodrias, he boldly ventured to tell him, how that (Jeonymus ceath,
bad prayed him to be an humble ſuner ro him touching his Fathers fact. Ageſslaus underſtand-
ing that his Son loved —_ , would not withdraw him from loving him , becauſe the
Boy even from his childhood gave —_—_— hope that one day he would ſure make as honeſt 2
man as any other whoſoever : neither made he any countenance to his Son, as though he would
do any thing at his ſuit, but onely anſwered him, for thar, he would do as became him in ſuch
a caſe, Whereupon Archidamus being baſhfull , lefc coming any more to Chonymus , where
before he would ſee him oftentimaes in a day. This made Sphodrias friends deſpair df his life more
then before, untill Erymocles, one of Ageſslaws familiars talking with them, rold them that for
the fa& ir ſelf, Ageſiiaws thought it a ſhamefull deed, and as much diſliked it as might be : but tor
Sphodrias ſelf, that he took him for a valiant man , and ſaw that the Commonwealth had need
of men of ſuch ſervice. This was ” c_ common talk to pleaſe his Son, when any man
came to ſpeak to him-of Sphodrias accuſation, Inſomuch that Cleonymus found ſtraight how Ar-
chidamus had dealc as faithtully and friendly for him as might be : and then Sphodyias friends alſo
took heart again unto. them, to ſolicite his cauſe, and co be earneft ſuiters for him. Ageſslans a» Agcfilaur coc-
mong other had this ſpecial property, that he loved his children dearly : anda tale goeth ot him, chat kered his chil-
he would play with them in his houſe when they were little ones, and ride upon a little cock-horſe, dretitoo muck,
or a feed, as on horſeback : inſomuch as a friend of his taking him one day with-cthe manner, play-
ing among his: children, he prayed him to ſay nothing, till be had lictle children himſelf. 1n tine,
Sphodrias was quit- by his Judges. The, ATHENTANS underſtanding it, ſent to proclaim War
with the Laczbanonians, ” Whereupon Ageſilaus was muchy reproved, becauſe that to pleaſe
the fond affe&ion of his Son, he had hindered;juftice, and brought his Ciry to be accuſed among the
GrzG1AN5 for ſuch grievous crimes. Ageſilans perceiving that King (Teombrotu; his companion
35 went
-
OC ———_ RT eee. oo eee 4
;
+} 52O
an ———_—
Agefilaus jour-
ny into Beotia.
Amalcidas
ſaying.
Rhetra, of Ly-
curgus.
Ageſilaus ſub.
tle device to
ſhew the weak.
neſs of the al-
liek
Ageſulaus fell
ſuddenly fick
of a dangerous
diſcaſe.
Epaminondus
the Thcban ſent
Ambaſlador
unto Lacede-
mon.
The frife be-
ewixt Agcfulaus
and Epaminon-
4s for the li-
berry of Beotia
Y —y
—
——— — — Oo —_ —
went with no very good willto make War with the Tyz Bans, he breaking the order ſet down
for leading of the Army, which was kept before, went tro the Wars himſelt in perſon, and ſo in-
vading Bot0T14, he both received and did great hurt, Whereupon eAntalcidas ſeeing him hurt
: one day, Now truly (ſaid he) the THz BANs have paid you your deſerved hire, for teaching them
againſt their will to be ſouldiers, that neither had will nor 'sKill to fight, For indeed they the TH t-
BANS became better ſouldiers and warriours than they were before, being daily trained and exerciſed
in Arms through the continual invaſions of the La cepamonians. Alſo this was the reaſon,
why the od Father Lycurgus bis laws called Rhetra, did forbid them to make war too oft with one
ſelt people, becauſe that by compulſion they ſhould not be made expert ſouldiers. For this cauſe
did the confederates of LaczDamonN hate Ageſilaxs, ſaying,.rthat it was not for any known offence
to the ſtate, but for very ſpite and private malice of his own, that he ſought to undo the ThHeBans
in this manner: and that to follow his humour, they conſumed themſelves going yearly to the Wars
one while this way, another while that way, without any neceſlity at all, following a few LactnEs-
MONIANsS, themſelves being always the greater number. Then it was, that eAgeſilans deliring
ro make them ſee what number of men of War they were, uſed this device. . On a time he com-
manded all the allies to fit down together one with another by themſelves, and the L acxDamonit-
a Ns alſo by rhemſelves. Then he made an Herauld proclaim that all Pot-makers ſhould ſtand upon
their feer, When they were up, he made them cry to the Brafiers to riſe alſo, After them in like
manner, the Carpenters : then the Maſons, and ſo conſequently all occupations one after another,
So that at the length the contederates obeying the proclamation, were all in manner on their fect,
The LacED&MONIANS, not one of them roſe : becauſe all baſe mechanical} crafts were forbid-
den them to occupy. Then Ageſlaxs laughing at them : Lo, my friends (ſaid he) do you not ſee
now that we bring moe ſouldiers to the field then ye do ? Ar his return from this journey of Th e-
BES, paſling by the City of MEG ARA, as he went up into the Council-houſe within the Caſtle,
there ſuddenly took him a great Cramp in his left leg, that ſwelled extreamly, and put him to greac
pain , men thinking that it was bur blood which had fiiled the veins : a Phylitian of SyRAacusa
in S1C1LE being there ſtraight opened a vein under the Ankle of his foot, which made the pain
10. ceaſe: notwithſtanding there came ſuch abundance of blood, that they could not ftanch it, ſo
that he ſwounded oft, and was in great danger of preſent death. In fine, a way was found to ſtopir,
andthey carried him to Lacspaao N, where he lay ſick a long time, ſo that he was paſt going
to' the wars any more. The SPARTANS in the mean time received great overthrows both by
ſea and land, 'and among other, their greateſt. overthrow was at he battle of Leuctrzs, where
the THEBANS overcame and flew them in plain battle, Then:the Grecrans were all of one
mind to make & general peace, and thereupon came 4 mbaſſadors and Deputies from all the Cities
of GREECE, andmet at LaCEDAMON to that end. One of thefe Deputies was E paminondas, a
notable learned man, and a famous Philoſopher, bur'as yet unskilfull in Wars. He ſeeing how the
other Ambaſſadors curried favour with Ageſilaus, onely he of the reſt kept his gravity to ſpeak free-
ly, and made an Oration, not for the THzzAns alone, bur for all GREECE in general, declaring
to them all, how wars did onely encreaſe the greatneſs and power of the City of Spar Ta, and
contrarily did miniſh and decay all other Cities and Towns of GREECE : and tor this cauſe, that he
did counſel them all to conclude a good and perfe& peace indifferently for all, ro the end it might con-
tinue the longer, when they were all alike, eLgeſilans perceiving then that all the Grecians
preſent at the aſſembly gave him 'good ear, and were glad to hear him ſpeak thus boldly of peace,
asked him openly, if he m—_ it meet and reaſonable, that all Bozo T 14 ſhould be ſet clear ar liber-
ty again ? Epaminondas preſently and boldly again asked him, if he chought ir juſt and requiſite ro
ſerall Laconia clear again at liberty ? Ayeſilaus being offended therewuh, ſtood: up'on bis feer,
and commanded. him to anſwer plainly whether they would fer all Bo:0T 1 a at liberty-or not ? Epa-
minondas replied: unto him with the ſelf ſame ſpeech again, and asked him whether. they would
ſer all Laconia at liberty or not ? Thar netled Ageſilans fo, that ( being alſo glad of ſuch
a cloak, for the old grudge he ever. bare unto the Tut BANS). he. preſently put the name of the
THEBANS Out of the Bill of thoſe which ſhould. bave been compriſed within the league, and cryed
open Wars upon them in the Market-place. For the reſt he licenſed the other Deputies and Ambaſſa-
dors of the people of GREEcE to depart, with this concluſion, that they ſhould lovingly take order
among themſelves for the controverſie berwixt them, if they could peaceably agree rogether : and they
that could not fall to ſuch agreement, that then they ſhould try it by wars, for it was a hard thing to
take yp all quarrels among- them. King Cleombrorus by chance was at that time in the Countrey of
* -PHoc1DE With his Army, unto whom the Ephors wrote, that he ſhould forthwith ſpoil the Tyz-
any - manner of-reaſon. For the ge
BANS Countrey : and therewith alſo they ſent toall their confederates to come and aid them, which
had-no great fancy to the journey,: and were loth tro make War with them, bur yerdurſt not refuſe to
g0, nor diſobey the Laczpzmonians. And notwithſtanding that there were many ſignes pre-
lagingill luck, as we have written in the life of Epaminondas, and that Prothows Laco N1Aan was a-
ainft the enterpriſe of this war all that he could, Ageſilaus would needs forward, hoping he had now
Td cpparimiy to be revenged of the THz BAns,: fith all GREECE befides was in peace and at
liberty, themſelves: onely exempted from Treaty of peace, - If there had been no other thing in it bur
the very ſhortneſs: of time, that made- it manifeſt enough that this war was begun in a jeer, without
general peace amongſt the GREC1ANS was concluded at SPARTA
the fourteenth of ſay, and the LacznamoNzjans were overcome at the battle of LeucTkE —
G
*
+ as
”S
fifth of Fane : ſo as there was but twenty days between them, There were (lain a thouſind Lac x-
DEMONIANS with their King Cleombrotas, and the choiceſt and the valianteſt Sragraxs a- The Licede-
bout him. Among them was allo {lain that goodly young man Cleonymus, Sphodrias Son, of whom monians lain
we ſpake before : who having been beaten down thrice at the Kings foot, three times got up again, **®< battle of
but at the length was ſlain, valiantly fighting againſt the Tyezans, This great overthrow chan- — .
cing to the LaczD&amoNs unlooked tor, and withall ſo glorious a victory unto the THBBANS, as k ——— Fay
GRECtANS fighting with GRECIANS had never the like : the vanquiſhed City of SrartA celamonians
notwithſtanding deſerved no leſs honour and commendation for. her fortitude and worthineſs, then fin.
did the viorious City of THEz&s. For as Xenopbor writeth, that as among good men even in - any pom
table talk, and in their ſports and mirth, there fallerh our ever ſome thing of wit worth the noting Pn -
and bearing away : even ſo in like caſe, no leſs but rather more, ought Noblemens words to be Clcombrotus
we ghed, and cheir countenances marked, as well in adverſity as in proſperiry. At that time by chance foor. |
there was a common feaſt day in the City of SeparTa, which was full of ſtrangers that came to fee £29" {ay-
the dances and ſports of them that ſhewed naked in the Theatre, when-as the meſſengers arrived _
that brought the news of the battle loſt at LeucTREs. The Ephors knowing then that the rum-
our ſtraight ran all about, that they were all undone, and how they loſt the figniory and command-
ment over all GREECE, would not ſuffer them for all this to break off their dance in the Thea- TP
tre, nor the City in any thing to change the form of their feaſt , bur ſent unto the parents (to == pope
every mans houſe) to let them underſtand the names of them that were ſlain at the battle, they
themſelves remaining till in the Theatre to ſee the dances and ſports continued, to judge who car-
ried the beſt Gameaway. The next morning when every man knew the number of them that were
ſlain, and of thoſe alſo that were eſcaped, the parents and friends of them that were dead, met
inthe Market-place, looking chearfully on the matter, and one of them embraced another. On
the other fide, the parents of them that eſcaped, kept their houſes with their Wives, as folk
that mourned. If any of them had occaſion to go abroad our of their houſes for any matter of ne-
ceſſiry, ye would ſee him look ſo heavily and ſad, that be durſt not talk with you, lift up his head, The forticud-
nor look you in the face. Belides all this, even amongſt the women there was greater difference : for of the Spartan
the mothers of them that were to return trom the battle, were {ad and ſorrowtull, and ſpake not a Women.
word : contrarily, the mothers of them that were ſlain, went friendly to viſit one another, to
rejoyce together, Now when the people ſaw that their confederates began to forſake them, and did
daily look that Epaminondas glorying in his victory, would invade P:LoyoNNEsus, then they
began to be pricked in conſcience about the Oracles of the gods, thinking that this misfortune came
to their City for that they had thruſt out of the Kingdom a man perfect of limbs, to place an impo-
tent perſon, being ſpecially warned by the gods to beware of that above all things. This notwith-
Randing, they had him in ſuch veneration tor his valiantneſs, and his authority was ſuch thereby,
that they did not onely uſe him in War as their King and ſoveraign Captain, bur in civil cauſes allo
wherein there roſe any queſtion, they ever uſed his counfel and advice: as they did, when they durft
not puniſh them (according to the penal laws) that Hed from the battle, whom they call at Se ar- Treſantss be
' TA Treſantas (being a great number of them, and men of the nobleſt houſes, and of greateſt pow- Fwy ds, or
er within the City) leſt they ſhould moye ſome ſtir or commotion among them. For by law, they —
can bear no Office in the Commonwealth: it is ſhame and reproach to give them any wives, and Puniſhment as
alſo to marry any of theirs : whoſoever meeteth them, may lawfully ſtrike them, and they muſt a- Sparra, for
bide it, and not give them a word again : they, are compelled tro wear the poor tottered cloth <owardly ſoul-
Gowns, patched with cloth of divers colours ; and worſt of all, to ſhave one fide of their beards, ***
and not the other. Whereupon, finding the danger great to deal with them, to execute the law ac-
cording, to the infamy they deſerved, ipecially then ſtanding in need of a great number of men of
War, they referred themſelves altogether unto Ageſilaus, to rake ſuch order in it as be thought
good ; but Agefilaus then, without changing or altering any thing of the Jaw, faid in open afſembly
at LaceDzaoN, that for that day they thould let the law alone, notwithſtanding, that afterwards
it ſhould ſtand in force, By this policy he kept the law inviolate, and ſaved alſo the honour of thoſe
' poor men: and withall, ro put theſe youths again in heart, being amazed with this fear, he led the
Army into the Countrey of Axcap1a, and would give no battle, bur- onely rook a ſmall City of
the MANTINEANS, and forraged the Country. This again did a little revive the City of Sp a x-
TA with ſome hope, to make that it ſhould not utterly deſpair. But ſhortly after, £paminondas Epaminondas
inyaded the Countrey of LacoNn1a with fourty thouſand footmen well armed, beſides an infinite invadeth Laco-
number of other light armed, and naked people, that fallowed his Camp for the ſpoil : ſo that in nis with three=
all, there were about threeſcore and ten thouſand fighting men that came in with him to invade La- oo pn
CONIA, It was well near fix hundred years fith the Dox1 a xs poſſeſſed La czpanon, and in all ©2795 Mens
that time till then they never ſaw enemies in their Councrey that durſt invade them : bur then they ſack-
edand burnt all that came in their way, even unto the River of Exroras, and hard adjoyning unto
SPARTA, and-no man durſ come out toreſiſt them. For Agefilaws (a5 Theopompms writeth) would
not ſuffer the Lacsp&moN14Ns to go out to fight againſt ſuch a-tempeſt and fury. of War ; bur
having fortified the middeſt of the City, and guarded-cvery end of the ftreets with ſouldiers, he pa-
tiently bare all the brags and threats of the Txz Bans, which challenged him out to fight, and
bade him come in the field co defend his Countrey,, that enely was the cauſe of all theſe their calami-
ties, having himſelf procured this War. If this went tro Age/ilaxs heart, no lels grievous were thoſe
troubles to him that roſe within the City : as the cries and running to and fro of the old men, which
were
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Certain witty
anſwers,
Conſpiracies
at Lacedemon
under Ageſs-
laus.
Tſſorium rhe
temple of Dj-
and.
A fine device
ro apprehend
whe traitors,
The departure
of the Thebans
out of Laconia.
Agefilaus ſa-
Sparta,
ved the City of
were mad to ſee that they did before their eyes: and of filly women alſo, which no groundnor place,
could hold, but ran up and down as ſtraught of their wits, to hear the noiſe the enemies made,
and to ſee the fire which they raiſed all the fields over. Much more ſorrowfull alſo did this make him,
when as he bethought himſelf, that entring into his Kingdom at ſuch times as the City of Seart a
was in greateſt proſperity that ever it was, he now ſaw his honour eclipſed, and the glory of his
Kingdom overthrown : and the rather, for that himſelf had often vaunted, that La conan wo-
men had never ſeen the ſmoak of any enemies Camp. And as = ſay of Antalcidas one day, that
heanſwered an ATHENIAN that contended with him about the valiantneſs of one anothers Nation,
alledging for himſelf, that the ATHEN1aNns had often driven the LaczpamoN1a ns from
the River of Cephiſxs.: It is true, ſaid the Laconians , but we did never drive you from the Ri-
ver Eurotas, The like anſwer made a mean man of Sy.arTA, to oneof the ArG1VvEs .that caſt
him in the teeth, There are divers of your LacoNn1ANns buried in the Countrey of AxGoL1pe.
So are there none of yours, ſaid he, buriedin Lacon1a. Itis reported, that Antalcidas being one
of the Ephor: at that time, did ſecretly ſend his children into the Iſle of CrTHzRaA, fearing leſt the
City of SyAR TA ſhould be taken, Ageſilaus perceiving that the enemies forced to pals over the
River to enter the City, he ſtood to detend the middle part of the City, being the higheſt place of the
ſame, and there had his men ſet in order of battle, Now at that time, by chance the River of £-
rotas was ſwelled greater then ordinary, by reaſon of the Snow waters that fell abundantly : which
troubled more the THz BANs with the coldneſs, then roughneſs of the ſame in paſling it over,
Some ſhewing Ageſilans how Epaminondas marched tormoſt before his bartle, he beheld him a great
while, and hiseye was never off him, ſaying never a word but this only : Oh, what a noble fellow - is
that? Epaminondas baving done all that he could poſlible to give the LaczDamonians battle, even
within the City ſelf of Sear A, that he might there have ſet up ſome tokens of triumph, he could
never entice Ageſilaxs to come out of his Fort : wherefore he was driven in the end to depart thence,
and ſo went to deſtroy all the reſt of the Countrey. There fell out a conſpiracy of two hundred men
in SPaRT Aa, who of long time had had an ill meaning with them, and took that quarter of the Cir
where the Temple of Diana ſtood called Tſſorinm, a place of ſtrong fituation, and ilj to diſtreſs
Hereupon the EaczD&MoNIANS in fury would ſtraight have fer upon them, But Ageſilaus
fearing great mutiny_and tir upon it, commanded that no man ſhould ſtir -. and himſelf unarm-
ed, in a poor Gown went thither, crying out to them that had taken that ſtrength : Sirs, ye have
not obeyed my commandment, this is not the place I appointed you to aſſemble in, neither all of you
in one place; for I willed you to diſperſe your ſelves, ſome one way, ſome another way, ſhewing them
the quarters of the City. The traitors hearing theſe words, were glad, as thinking that their intent'
was not betrayed : and ſo leaving that ſtrength, went into thoſe parts of the City that he had ſhewed
them; - Ageſilaus then bringing others thither, poſſeſſed the Fort of 1ſſorium, and took fifteen of
thoſe conſpirators, and put them ro death the next night following. Howbeit then there brake out
another conſpiracy far greater then the firſt, of the SyarT ans themſelves, which were ſecretly
gotten together into a houſe, to make ſome-ſudden ftir and garboil ; and to puniſh them in ſo
great a trouble, it was hard : on the other fide to neglect it, the conſpiracy was over dangerous. Age-
filaus having conſulted with the Ephors, did put them all to death, without any .judgment of law :
where never SPARTAN before them ſuffered death, without due-order of law, Again, whereas
divers of theirneighbours, and of the ILoTEs theinſelves- (whom they had billed in their bands of
ſouldiers) ſtole away and ran to their enemies, which did much diſcourage them that remained :
he warned his men that they ſhould every day go to their Couches where they lay, and that they
ſhould take away their armourthat were fled, and hide it, becauſe: they ſhould\not know the num-
ber of them that were fled in this ſort, Now for the departure of the THz BAN s, ſome ſay that
they went out of LacoNIa'by reaſon of the Winter that came on, whereupon the Arca t-
ANS diſcharged their Bands, and every one departed his way in diſorder. Others alſo hold opini-
on , that. they continued there three moneths- together , during which time they deſtroyed
the moſt part of the Countrey, © Theopompus writeth notwithſtanding , that the Captains of the
THEBANs' having determined to depart, there came one Phrix#s a SPART an unto them, ferit
from Ageſilaus , who brought them ten talents'that they ſhould depart out 'of their Countrey.
Thus had they 'money given them to defray their charges homewards ,- to do- that , which they
themſelves had long /before determined to have:done. And yet do I wonder, how it is poſlible
that all other Hiſtoriographers knew nothing of this, and that Theopompas oriely could tell of it,
All do acknowledge truely, that Ageſilaus' onely was the cauſe that the Ghy of SPaRT a-was (2-
ved :-who leaving his ambuion and felf-will, being paſſions born. with him, 'did wiſely foreſee their
ſafety. Nevertheleſs; after this great overthrow , he could never raiſe SpaRTA again to her
former greatneſs - For like-as a- whole body, which having acquainted it felf continually with a
moderate diet, with the leaſt diſorder doth ſurfeit 'preſently , and' ſo -putteth all-in danger : even fo
Lycurg us having framed a perfe& ftate .of Government in 'the' Commonwealth of Searr a, to
make joey Citizens live in peace” and amiry together ; when they did enlarge it by great King-
doms and Realms , the which the Law-maker thought unmeer co continue 4iappy life ,
they were ſtraight overthrown, and all. went” to: wrack, By this time 4g#ſilays was' grown
old, and could no more go to Wars for very .age : ' but-his Son eArchidamws , with. the aid
which Dionyſius-the tyrant of $yKAacusa'ſent unto them, wan a battle againſt the ARcaDIans
called
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| for their died not one of his men; and they ſlew a-great number of their
- Eneraies. This Victory plainly ſhewed the great weakneſs and decay of the City of Sear A. Thertearleſs
For in former times it was ſo common-a thing unto them to overcome their Enemies in Battle, that Bartle of Ar-
they did ſacrifice nothing elſe to the gods in roken of thanks, within the City, but a poor Cock ; © =
and they that had fought the Battle, made no boaſt of it, neicher did they that heard the news, *4,..72...*
greatly rejoyceatit, For when they had won that great Battle at the Ciry of MAaNT1NEA, The Lacede-
which Thucydides deſcribeth, the Ephors onely ſent the Meſſenger that brought the news, for re- monians were
ward, a piece of powdered meat, and no other thing. But then when news was brought of this 2** wont =
ViRory, and.that they underſtood Archidamu came home vi »rious, neither man nor woman could oc np Vide s
keep the City, but the father himſelf went firſt of all tro meer him, with the tears in his eyes fot f
joy, and after him all the other Magiſtrates and Officets of the City , and a ſwarm of old folk
both men and women came down to the Kivers fide, holding up their hands to Heaven, and thank-
ing the gods, as it cheir City bad redeemed and recovered her ſhame and loſt honour, and began now
ro riſe again, as before itd1d, For untill that time, ſome ſay, that the Husbands durſt not boldly
l-ok their Wives in the faces, they were ſo aſhamed of their great lofſes and miſerable eſtate. Now era refts-
the Ciry of MESS1N1A being by Epaminondas re-edified and repleniſhed with People, he called red again by
home again our of all parts, the natural Inhabirants of the fame, The SyaRTaxs durſt nor fight Epaminonias:
with him nor hinder his purpoſe (though ir ſpighted them to the hearts ) and were angry with
Ageſilaus , for that in his reign they had loft all char Territory , which was as great as all La-
CONIA ſelf, and for goodnels and fertility ro be compared with che beſt parts of all GrztcE, the
which they had quietly poſſcfſed many years before, And this was the cauſe why Aye/:{aus would
not agree to the Peace which the THE BANS ſent to offer him : and all becauſe he wouid not relin-
iſh that in words, which the Enemies kept in deeds. Therefore being wiltully bent once more to
fight with them, he went not onely withour recovering the thing he looked for, but had in mannet
alſo loſt the Ciry of Sear a by a warlike Stratagem, in the which he was deceived. For the Ma x+
TINEANS being newly revolted again from the alliance of the Ty: Bans, and having ſent for
the LacEDEMONIANS, Fpaminendas receiving intelligence that Ageſilaus was departed from
SyaKTA With all his Power to aid the MANT1NEANS, marched away ſecretly by night from
Tz6 £4, Without the privity of the MaNTINEANS, and went ſtraight to SraRTa ; the which
he had almoſt ſurprized on the ſudden, going another way then Age/lars came (being in manner
without men to defend it.) Howbeit a THES P14 N called Enrhynus, as Calliſthenes ſaith (or as Xe- (7 "a
nophon writeth, a CRETAN) brought Ageſilaus news of it ; who diſpatched a Horſeman ſtraight __ nndag<Y
ro advertiſe them of the City of SeART a, and marching forward himſelf to return, ſtayed not zz.
long after before he arrived. He was no ſooner come, but incontinently alſo came the TheBans, Agcfhlaut re-
who paſſing over the River of Euxo Tas, gave aſſault to the City. Then Ageſilans perceiving that P* = _
there was no more place nor time of ſecurity as before, but rather of deſperation and courage, he gee rm
valiantly defended it, more then an old mans years could bear. Thus, through courage and de-
ſperate mind, whereto he was never brought betore, neither did ever uſe it, he put by the danger,
and ſaved the City of Srar Ta from Epaminondas hands, ſetting up marks of Triumph for repul-
ſing of the Enemies, and making the women and children of SpakTa to ſee the Lactbano-
N1aNns how honourably they rewarded their Nurſe and Countrey for their good education, but
Archidamus chiefly of all other, fought wonderfully that day, running into every part of the Ciry, ,, - _.
with a few about him, to repulſe the Enemies whereſoever the danger was greateſt. It is faid allo, ,F 1,c6i4amus.
that at that time there was one 1ſadas the Son of Phebidas, that did marvellous ſtrange things
to behold, both in the face of his Enemies; as alſo in the ſight of his Friends. He was of goodly
perſonage, and at that time in the prime of his youth : and being ſtark naked, and unarmed, his
body nointed with oyl, having in one hand a Bore-ſtaff, and in the other a Sword, in this mari-
ner he went out of houſe, and ran amongſt them thatt fought, killing and overthrowing his The valianc-
Enemies that withſtood him, and was not once hurt, either for that the gods preſerved him for his "*(s of 1/«a5;
manhoods ſake, or elſe becauſe men thought him more then a man. The Ephori immediately * *P"***:
ave him 3 Crown, in honour and reward of his valiantneſs : but wichal) they fer a Fine on his Tſadas reward-
to pay a thouſand Silver Drachma's for his raſh attempt, to hazard himſelf in Battle, un- ed and amet-
armed for defence, Shortly after they fought another great Battle before the Ciry of Mawr 1- ed.
NEA. There Epaminondas having overthrown the firſt Ranks of the LaczDamonians,
and couragioully diſtreſſing the reſt, valiantly following the chaſe, there was one Anticrates a La-
CONIAN, who receiving him (as Doſcorides writeth) ſlew him with his Bore-ſpear. The LA- The death of
CEDEMONIANS to this day notwithſtanding , do call the off-ſpring of this Anticrates, Matha- Epminondas.
riones, as much to ſay, as Sword-men, as though he had (lain him with a Sword. The Lac zp4- Ap—_—
MONIANS did eſteem this Anticrares ſo much, for that deadly ſtroke he gave (becauſe they were ** c—
afraid of Epaminondas while he lived) that they gave him that ſlew him, great Honours and Digni-
ties,and diſcharged all bis off-ſpring and kindred from payment of Subſidy and common Contributions,
which priviledge one {allicrates, a Kinſman of this Anticrates, enjoyed even in our time. Afffer this
Battle, and death of Epaminondas, the GRECIAN $ having taken peace generally amongft them, 4-
££ſfilans would needs exclude the Mes s £ nraNns from being ſworn to this Peace, ſaying : That they
need not ſwear, becauſe they had no City. Now, foraſmuch as all the Gxtc1a s elle did receive
them as amongſt che: number, and took their Oath unto this Peace, the Lac zD&MoNIANS _
| Yy
'o
Epaminondas
VU
AGESIL
Ageſlau yree-
dy of Wars,
Ageſilaus de-
rided of the
Egyptians.
Ageflaus de-
ſpiſed all dain-
xy things.
Aeefilaus for-
ſaketh Tachos 3
and goerh un-
to Nefanebos.
off from this general Peace, and none but they onely made War, in an erth FE -
NIANS Countrey : and all through the allurement of Ageſilaws, who for this cauſe was thouphr of
the GRECIANS a cruel and unſatiable man for Wars, to deal fo craftily, and all to break this
general League, Again, he brought himſelf in diſcredit with all men, being compelled to make his
City bare of Money,borrowing of them ſtill, and raiſing ſundry Contributions amongſt them : whereas
indeed it had been his beſt way to have ended all theſe miſeries, having ſo happy an occaſion offered at
that time, and not to have loſt ſo great an Empire of ſo many Towns and Cities both by Sea and
Land, and all to plague his Countrey , to win the Land and riches of the Mes $ENI1ans, Burt
yet wasthis moſt ſhameunto him of all other, when he gave himſelf unto one T achos, a Captain of
the E6yPTIANS, every manthinking it a ſhamefull part of him, that ſuch a perſonage as he (re
puted the chiefeſt man of all the Gxzc1ans, and the which had filled the World with report of
his fame and glory) ſbould for Money let out his perſon to hire, and the glory of hisname, unto a bar-
barous perſon, a traytor and rebellto his King and Maſter, to become a mercenary Captain and Soul-
dier to do him Service. And moreover, he being now fourſcore years of age and upwards, his body
all mangled with wounds, though he had undertaken this honourable charge for the recovery of the
liberty of the GREC1ANS , yet had his ambition deſerved ſome blame : for noble acts have their
time, yea rather the good and il] do nothing differ from other, but in mean and mediocrity, But
eAgeſslaus had no regard of all this, and thought no manner of ſhame in ſervice, ſpecially for benefic
of the Commonwealth, but perſwaded himſelf that it was a diſbonour to him to live idle in a City
and do nothing, till death ſhould come and make his furamons : - therenpon therefore he leavied men
of War through all GxzzcEz with the Money T achos ſent unto him, and with them took Sea, ha-
ving thirty SPARTANS Councellors and aſliſtants to him, as he had in his firft Journey. Now eA-
geſilaus being arrived in £6yPT, all the chief Captains and Governours of King T achos came to
the Sea ſhore, and honourably received him : and not they onely, but infinite numbers of AG y e-
TIANS of all ſorts (that were marvellous deſirous of him, for the great fame that went abroad of
Ageſilaus) came thither from all parts to ſee what manner of man he was, But when they ſaw no
ſtarely Train about him, but an old gray-beard layed on the grafs by the Sea fide, a little man that
looked ſimply of the matter, and but meanly apparelled in an ill-favoured thread-bare Gown : they
fell a laughing at him, remembring, the merry tale, that a mountain ſhould bring forth, and was
delivered of 3 mouſe, Beſides all this, they wondered when they ſaw men bring him Preſents to
welcome him, that he took Meal, Calves, and Geeſe, and ſuch groſs things : and refuſed all Con-
fe&tions, Perfumes, and other delicacies, praying them that offered thoſe dainty things to him, to give
them to the I.bTEs his Slaves. Theophraſtus writeth, that he delighted marvellouſly in the Ruſh
Papyrus, and liked the Garlands they made of them , for their fitneſs and the handſomneſs, the
which be carried home with him when he departed thence, Having ſpoken at that time with 7 achos,
who was aſſembling his Army to go on his Journey, he was not made Captain-general, as he look-
ed he ſhould have been , but was appointed onely Colonel of all the , Chabrias Gene-
ral of all the Army by Sea, and the chief of all the reſt was Tachos himſelf in perſon. This at the
firſt grieved Ageſlaus to the heart, being driven whether he would or not, to bear with the vanity
and pride of this Gy PTIAN. So he failed with them into Pyenics, againft the PhHenici-
ANS, imbaſing himſelf againſt his noble diſpoſition and mind, and gave him place, untill he ſaw
time of revenge. It chanced that one Neitazebos a Nephew of this Tachos, having the leading of
part of this Army, rebelled againſt him, and being choſen King by the &Gyer1ANs, he ſent un-
to eAgeſilaxs, and prayed him to come and take his part. The like he did alſo unto Chabrias, and
prayed him to joyn with him, promiſing great rewards unto them both. 7 achos underſtanding that,
beſought them both that they would not forſake him. Chabrias for his part alſo did likewiſe entreat
Ageſulans, and perſwaded him what he could, to continue friendſhip with Tachos, Ageſilaus an-
ſwered him : For thee, (habrias, thou cameſt os thine own good will, and therefore mayeſt do what
thob thinkeſt good, but ſo is it not with me; for I am fenr hither a Caprain by my Countrey, to
ſerve the AGyPTIANS, and therefore it were no honeſty for meto make War with him, whom
I am ſent to ſerve and aid : were it not that they themſelves which ſent me , do now command me
the contrary. This anſwer being made, he ſent. certain of his men to SPARTA to accuſe Tacos,
and to commend 2X ettanebos. Both they alſo for their parts ſent to entreat the Council of Lac #-
DAMON: the one as being always their friend and confederate, and. the other promiſing to be their
faithfull friend thenceforth. The Laczp4moNIans having heard the requeſts of both , an-
ſwered them openly, that eAgefilaus ſhould conſider of this matter ; and wrote ſecretly to him,
that he ſhould do what he thought beſt for the Commonwealth of SparTA. So Ageſtlans ta-
king with him the mercenary Souldiers which he had brought out-of Grxzsce, went unto Neta-
nebos, cloaking his departure, that it was for the benefit of his Countrey,, ro bewray a wicked
thing : but indeed taking away the Vizard to. benefir his Countrey, they might by a better name
rightly have tearmed it Treaſon, Howbeit the LaczDamonTAns placing the chiefeſt point of
honour, to conſiſt, in the benefic of their Countrey, did-acknowledge nothing to be juſtice, but that
which they thought might ſerve for the advancement of the glory of SpraxTAa. Tachos ſeeing
himſelf forſaken, thus by his mercenary fled. But now on the other fide, there aroſe ano-
ther King in the City of Mznpss againſt this Neftanebos, who having levied to the number
of a bundred thouſand fighting men, came to fight with. Ne&anebos, But he- thinking to encou-
rage Ageſilaus , told him, that indeed they were a great number of men of all ſorts together,
and
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and ſpectrally men of handy-craft, and therefore that they were not to be feared, becauſe they knew not
what War meant. But «geſilaxs anſwered lnmAagain : It is not their number that I fear, bur their
rudeneſs and unskiltulneſs, which is hardeſt of alfto deceive, Fdr Warlike ſtratagems do moſt pre-
vail againſt men that have greateſt jear and experience_; and theretore they foreſec one thing rather
then another. But men of no judgement nor experience, neithegtear \danger, nor have forecaſt, and
therefore do give him no more advantagethur ſeeketh to dereive therti; then the Wreſtler by leight is
able ro overthrow him whom he cannot ſtir nur remove, Afterwards the MENDES1AN King himſelf
ſent unto eAgeſilays, to win him if he could; M\{ettanebos then began to beafraid. For when Age-
filaus counſciled him to try it by Battle as ſoon as he could, and nor to prolong this War againſt 1g-
norant men that had no skill ro fight, bur yer for their over-multitude might intrench him round abour,
and prevent him in divers things : then he began to fear and ſuſpeR him more, and thereupon retired
into a great City, well walled about, and of great ſtrength. Ageſilaxs being offended that he miſtruſt-
ed him thus, cook it inwardly : but being aſhamed to turn again unto the third, and alſo to depart with-
out any Exploit done, he followed him, and incloſed himielf within thoſe Walls, The Enemies pur-
ſuing him hard, came unto the City, and began to intrench it round, ro keep him in. Then the &-
GYPTIAN Ne 7anebos fearing a long Siege, determined to give them Barcle. Therero the hired
GRECIANS gave conſent, as dcfiring no better maich, and the rather alſo for that there was bur ſmall
ſtore of Corn within the City. But Ageſilaus periwading the contrary, would in no wiſe conſent co
it ; whereupon the AG y eT1A vs thought worſe of him chen before, and plainly called him Traytor
to their King, Howbeit he did patiently bear all cheſe accuſations, expefingtime to perform an Ex-
ploic he intended, which was this. The Enemies had caſt a deep Trench withour ro compaſs them in,
When this Trench drew near to end, and that buth ends lacked nor much of meeting, rarrying till nighr
came on, he commanded the GREc1ANSs to arm and to put themſelves in readineſs : chen he came un-
tothe AGY PTIAN, and ſaid unto him ; Lo bere is an excellent occaſion preſented to ſave thee, which
1 would not acquaint thee withall till I ſaw it brought to the perfection I looked for, fearing leſt other-
wiſe we ſhould have loſt it. '/Now fith the Enemies themſelves have with their own hands given us the
way toſave ouy ſelves by this Trench they have caſt, the which as much as is finiſhed thereof doth bin-
der their grear multitude to help themſelves, and that which is yer left unfiniſhed, doth give us oppor-
runity to tight with them of even hand : determine to ſhew thy valour, and following us, (ave thy ſelf
and thy People, For the Enemies which we ſhall affail before us, ſhall never be able co abide us: and
the other by means of the Trench which defendeth us on every fide, can no way hurt us. 2 ettanebos
bearing his words, wondered at his great wiſdom, and ſothrufting in among the Gze c1 a xs, did al-
fail the Enemies ; the which were ſoon overthrown and pur to flight as many as durſt reſiſt and make
head againſt them. Ageſilaus having won I eftanebos again to truſt him, he once again deceived his
Enemies withthe like fubtilty wherewith he had firſt beguiled chem, and which they knew not how to
avoid. For one while he made as though he fled, and intieed them to follow him : ſuddenly again he
In whom ſtra-
tagems take
molt ef:
The ſiraragem
of Azefilaus a-
gainſt the E-
gyptians.
would turn this way and that way, In fine, he brought all this great multitude into a ſtraight ſluce; .
walled about on either fide; with great broad ditches tall of running water : ſo chat when they were
even in the midft of it, he ſuddenly Ropped cheir paſſage with the front of his Battle, which he caſt ro
the breadth of the ſluce, and thus made his number of fighting men equal with the multitude of his E-
nemies, which could never compaſs him in behind, nor flank hiin on the ſides. They having in this ſort
made ſome ſmall reſiſtance, in the end turned their backs and fled, and left a great number ſlain in the
Field : the reſidue after that laſt Overthrow forſook their Capratns; and fled ftragling- here and there,
Thus the Affairs of the £GyyT1AaN King after that time had good ſucceſs, and he was quietly fta-
bliſhed in his Kingdom, making much of Ayeſilaxs : and doing hin all honour poſſible, prayed him
to tarry wich himall that Winter, Howbeit he would needs haſten home to his Country, which was
in War with ochers, knowing that his City of Sea T a was without Money, becauſe they were dri-
eftanebos inthe end took his leave of him very honoura-
The end of the Life of Apeſilaus,
=
—_
Yy THE
filaus.
ath of
THE LIFE OF ©
POMPEY.
Ann, Mund. Am. Chriſt,
3873. 75.
= He Ro MANs ſeemed to have loved Pompey from his childhood, with the ſelf-
PSS affetionthat Promethews inthe Tragedy of eAſchylus appeareth to have born
£2 unto Hercules, after that he was delivered by him : when he ſaid ;
= So great abate I bare not to the Father,
Bat that I love the Son of bim much rather.
—_ me = For the RowAaNns never ſhewed more bitter hate againſt any other Captain,
: we” 1d . _ DIESX then they did unto Strabo Pompey's Father. Truly ſo long as he lived, they fear-
Strabo, the Fas "FRET SR ed his amen by Arms, for indeed he was a noble Captain: bur be-
ther of Pompey. ing ftricken with a Thtnderbolt, and dead, they took him from the Bier whereon his body lay as they
The lovzae.- Carried him to burial, and did thereto great yillany, Contrariwiſe never any other Ro An ( but
the Ronens Pompey) had the Peoples carneft good wills ſo ſoon, nor that in proſperity and adverſity continued
unto Pompey, longer conſtant, then unto Pompey, One onely cauſe procured the Fathers hate, and that was, an un-
ſatiable and greedy deſire of Money. But Pompey his Son, was for many occaſions beloved : as for
temperance of life, aptneſs to Arms, eloquence of tongue, faithfulneſs of word, and courtelie in con-
verſation': ſo that there was never man that requeſted any thing with leſs ill will then he, nor that more
willingly did pleaſure any man when be was requeſted. For he gave without diſdain, and took with
The favour of njans <A Furthermore, being but a child, he had acertain grace in his look that wan mens good
Pompey. wills before he ſpake : for bis countenance was ſweet, mixed with gravity, and being come to mans
ſtate, there appeared in his geſture and behaviour a. grave and Princely Majeſty. His hair alſo ſtood
alittle upright, and thecaſt and ſoft moving of his eyes, bad a certain reſemblance (as they ſaid) of the
Sratues and Images of King Alexander, - And becauſe every man gave him that name, he did not refuſe
it himſelf: inſomuch as there were ſome which-ſporting-wiſe did openly call bim Alexander. Where-
upon Lucixe Philippus a Conſul, was.not aſhamed to ſay openly in an Oration he made in Powpey's
favour, that it was no marvell if he being Philip did love Alexander. It is reported alſo, that when
. Flora the Curtizan waxed old, ſhe much delighted to talk of the familiarity which ſhe had with Pom-
a me wa pey being a young man : telling that after ſhe had lien with him,ſhe could not poſlibly riſe from him, but
Pompey, ſhe muſt needs give him ſome ſweet quip or pleaſant taunt. She would tell alſo how one of Pompey's
familiars and companions'called Gemsn;xs, fell in love with her, and was a marvellous earneſt Suiter
to obtain her good will : and that ſhe anſwered him flatly, ſhe would not, for the love ſhe bare to
Pompey. Geminius thereupon brake the matter to _oun himſelf. Pompeydefirous to pleaſure him,
granted the requeſt : howbeit Gemin5u after that, would not come near . Flora, nor ſpeak unto Ws
albeit
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albeit it appeared that he yet loved her, But Flora took thisnot Curtizan-like, fur ſhe was ſick 2
long time for very griet of mind, and the thought ſhe took upon it. All this notwithſtanding,
it is ſaid that this Flora had then ſuch fame of her paſſing grace and beauty, that Cecilizs Merellus
ſetting forth and beautifying rhe Temple of ('aftor and Pollux, with goodly Tables and PiRtures,
among the reſt , he cauſed her Picture to be lively drawn tor her excellent beauty. Furthermore,
Pompey againſt his nature, dealt yery hardly and uncourteouſly with the Wife of Demerrixs, his tran-
chized Bondman (who while he lived was in great credit with him , and dying, left her worth four
thouſand Talents) fearing to be taken with her beaury, which was very ſingularly fair, leſt be ſhould
be thought in love with her. Now though herein he ſeemed to be very circumiſpet, and to caft the
worſt, yet could he not thus ſcape the derraCting tongues of his ill-willers : for they did accuſe him,
that to pleaſe and content his Wives, he would ler paſs and wink at many things that were againſt
the profit of the Commonwealth. To prove his {ober and temperate dier, and how he was conten-
ted with common Meats, a word (they ſay ) he ſpake when he was very ſick, and could taſte no
meat, is ſpecially noted. For to bring his ſtomach to him again, his Phyſician willed him to eat
a- Thruſh. So ſeeking all about to ger him one, there was no Thruſh to be-bought for Money, for
they were our of ſeaſon, Notwithſtanding, one told him that he ſhould not miſs of them at Ly-
cxllus Houſe, for he kept them up all the year through. Why, what then, ſaid he, if Lucullus
riot were nor, ſhould not Poxpey live ? Therewithall, letting his Phyſicians counſel alone, he made
them dreſs ſuch meat as was every where common. Bur of that we will ſpeak more hereafter,
Now Pompey being a young man, and in the Field with his Father that was in Arms agajnſt Cinna,
there lay with him 1n his Tent a companion of his, called Zxcins Terentixs ; who being bribed witt:
Money, had promiſed (ia to kill him, and other Confederates alſo had promiſed to ter their Cap-
tains Tent on fire, This Conſpiracy was revealed unto Pompey as he late at ſupper, which nothing
amazed him at all, but he drank freely, and was merrier with Terentins then of cuſtom. So when
it was bed time, he ſtole out of hiso.vn Tent, and went unto his Father to provide for his ſafety.
Terentixs thinking the hour was come to attempt his Enterprize, roſe with his Sword in his band, and
went to Pompeys Bed where he was wont to lie, and gave many a thruſt into the Mattreſs. After he
bad done that, all the Camp was ſtraight in an uprore for the malice they bare unto their Captain,
and the Souldiers'in all haſte would needs have gone and yielded to their Enemy, beginning already
to overthrow their Tents, and to truſs away bag and baggage. The Caprain- for fear of this
rumulrc, durſt not come out of his Tent : notwithſtanding Pompey his Son ran amongſt the muti-
nous Souldiers, and humbly beſought them with tears 1n his eyes, not to do their Captain this
villany ; and in fine threw himſelf flatling to the ground overihwart the Gate of the Camp, bid-
ding them march over him, if chey had iuch a defire to be gone, The Souldiers being aſhamed of
their folly, returned again to their lodging, and changing mind, reconciled themſelves with their
Captain, eight hundred onely excepted, which departed. Bur immediately after that Srrabo, Pom-
pey's Father, was departed out of the World, Pompey being his Heir, was accuſed for the Father,
ten wore eres EE eee
Flor2ithe Cur:
tiz.1n was pa:
fing fair.
The tempe-
rance of Pomt-
fey in dier,
The Treafoti
of Luctus Te-
rentius againſt
Pompey
to rob the common Treaſure, Howbeit he conteſſed and avowed, that ic was Alexander one of his © 9Þ*y accu-
Fathers infranchized Bondmen that had*ſtoln the moſt part of ir, and brought him in before the
Judges, Notwithſtanding he was accuſed himſelf, for taking away the toyles and arming cords of
Hunters nets, and Books that were taken in As.cuLum. He contefled the having of them, and
that his Father gave him them when'the City was taken : howbeit that he had loſt chem ſince, when
Cinna returned unto Ro ME with his Souldiers, who breaking into his Houſe by force, ſpoited him
of all that he bad. His matter had many days of. hearing before definitive ſentence, in which time
Pompey ſhewed himſelf of good ſpirit and underſtanding, more then was looked for in one of his
years : inſomuch-as he wan luch fame and favour by it, that Anti/#us being Prztor at that time,
and Judge. of his matter, fell into ſuch a liking with him, that ſecretly be offered him his Daugh-
rer-in marriage, Then: that -ragtter being by friends broken to - Pompey , be liked of the match,
- and the parties were ſecretly aſſured. This was not ſo cloſely-conveyed,, bur the People percei-
yed it, -by the care and pains :4nr5/#i took to favour bis matter,” Inſomuch y when the Judges
gave judgement, and cleared, him,.. all rhe People together, as it they had been agreed, cryed our
with one voice, Talaſſio, Talaffio, being the ulual and common ery they uſed of old time at Mar-
ſed tor robbing
the commcn
Treaſure;
riages in Rome. This cuſtom by report of ancient folk came up in this manner. At what time The cauſe of
the chiefeſt Peers-and Lords of Roms did ravith the SaB1Nnzs Daughters, which came to Rows the cry of Ta-
to ſee cormmon Sports played, there chanced a few raſcals (as Hog-heards or Neat-heards) to carry
away a-goodly fair woman, They fearing ſhe ſhould be taken from them, cryed our in the ſtreets as
they went, Talaſſio, as if they. would have ſaid, the is for Taleſſius. This Talaſſins was a young
Gentleman well known, and beloved of moſt men : fo that ſuch as heard him but named onely, did
clap their hands for joy, and cried ont with them, Talaſſio , commending the choice they had
, made” for him, 'So, hereof they ſay came this cuſtom, that ever fince they have cryed this word
Talaſtio unto: them- that are-newly married , becauſe the marriage of that fair young Maid pro-
ved fortunate, -and happy - unto -Talaſſins. And this methinks ſoundeth neareſt to the truth. of
laſſio at Mar-
riages in Romes
that they report pf this Wedding-cry of Talaflto, Shortly after this Judgement given, Pompey Poajey matchs-
married Antiftia, After thar, going unto Cinna's Camp , they wrongfully accuſed him of ſome-
what, whereupon! he being afraid, ſecretly ſtole away. ' Now. when they could not find him in
Cinna's Camp, there -ran ſtraight'a rumour abroad, that -Ciame, had put him to death, There-
vpon, they that of long time hadmaliced Cinn4, did ſer upon himfor this occaſion, But he thinking
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The death of
Cinna.
Pompeys firſt
wr 56 ye"
under Sylla,
Pompey was
Chieftain of
an Army at 23
years of age,
The Ciry of
Auximiume
Pompey goeth
unto Sylla,
Pompey's Vi-
Qtory of the
Narians.
Pompey joyned
with Syla.
Pompey called
Imperator of
$ylla.
The honour
Sy did unto
Pompey,
_—
to ſave himſelf by flying, was ſtraight overtaken by a private Captain that followed hini with his
Sword drawn in his hand, {ina ſeeing him, fell down on his knees betore him, and took his
Seal from his finger wherewith he ſealed his Letters, which was of great price, and offered it him,
Tuſh, ſaid the Captain, I come not to ſeal 'any Covenant, but to chaſtiſe a Villain and cruel Ty-
rant : and therewithall thruft his Sword through him, and flew him preſently. (5:4 being lain in
this ſort, Carbo ſucceeded him, and took the Government in hand, being a more cruel Tyrant then
the firſt, Shortly after came in Sy{la, being wiſhed for, and deſired of the moſt part of the Ro-
MANS, for the grievous oppreſtions and miſeries they endured , that they thought themſelyes
happy to change Governour : for their City was brought into ſuth miſery, as hoping no more to ſee
Rome recover her laſt liberty, .they defired yet a more tolerable bondage. Now Pompey at that
time was in a place of ITALY called P1ctNxum (now the Marches of ANncon 4 ) where he had
certain inheritance, but much more great love and good will of the City for his Fathers ſake, He
ſeeing that the nobleſt men of Rome forſook their Houſes and Goods, to fly from all parts unto
Sylla's Camp, as unto a place of ſafery, would not go to him as a fugitive and caſt-away to ſave him-
ſelf, without bringing him ſome Power to increaſe his Army, but would honourably go thither with
an Army, as he that meant firſt to do himſelf pleaſure. So he felt the good will of the Pct n-
TINES, who willingly took his part, and rejected them that were ſent by Carbo. Among them
there was one YVindins, that ſtepping forth, ſaid that —_— which came from the School the laſt
day, muſt now in haſte be a Captain. But they were ſo offended with his ſpeech, that they ſtraight
diſpatched him, and killed him out of hand. - After that time Powpey being but three and twenty years
old, tarrying to receive no authority from any man, took it upon him of himſelf, and cauſing a
Tribunal to be ſet up in the middeſt of the Market-place of Aux 1iM1um, a great populous City, he
commanded the two Brethren called the VzxnT1D1ians (being the chiefeſt men of the City, and
they that for Carbo's ſake withſtood his doings) without delay forthwith to avoid the City : and ſo
began to levy men, and to appoint Captains, Serjeants, Centiniers, and ſuch other Officers as ap-
pertain to Martial Diſcipline. Then he went to all the other Cities of the ſame Marches, and did the
like, They that took part with (arbo, fled every man, and all the reſt willingly yielded unto him :
whereby in ſhort ſpace he had gotten three whole Legions together, Munition to entertain them,
Carts, and all manner of Beaſts for carriage. In this ſort he took his Journey towards Sy//a, not in
haſte: as a man afraid to be met with by the way, but by ſmall Journeys, ſtaying ſtill where he might
hurt his Enemy, cauſing the Cities every where as he came to revolt from Carbo. ' Nevertheleſs,
three Captains of the contrary patt, Carinna, Caliris, and Brutus, all three did ſet upon Pompey
together, not all in a front, nor of one fide, but in three ſeveral places they compaſſed him with
their Armies, thinking to have made him ſureat the 'firſt onſer,' This nothing amazed Pompey, but
putting forth his force together 'in one place; te firſt marched againſt Bratxs, having placed his
Horſemen (among the which he was himſelf in perſon) before the Battle of his Footmen, Now the
men of Arms of the Enemy whictf were-Gaurs, coming to give Charge upon him, he ran one
. of the chiefeſt among them through with his: Launce and flew bim: The other Gaur s ſeeing him
ſlain, turned their backs, and brake their owti Footmen : ſo that at length they. all fled for life.
Therewithall the Captains fell our among themſelves, and ſome fled one way, ſome another way,
the beſt they could. Then the Towns round about, (thinking that they were diſperſed for fear,
came all in to Pompey, and yielded themſelves. Afterwards Scipio the Conſul coming againſt Pom»
pey to fight with him, when both Battles were in manner ready to joyn, befoxe they came to throw-
ing of their Darts, Scrpio's Souldiers ſaluted Pompey's men, and went ontheir fide : ſo was Scipio dri-
ven to fly, And'in fine, Carbo himfelf having ſent after him divers Troops of Horſemen by the
River of Arſis, Pompey made towards them, and did ſo fiercely affail them, that he drave them
into ſuch places as was almoRt4impoſſible for Horſemen to come into. - Whereupon they ſeeing no
way to ſcape, yielded themſelves -Horſe and Armours, all to his'merey. Sy/a all this while heard
no news of-theſe Overthrows : wherefore, as ſoon' as he underſtood of it, fearing leſt Pompey
ſhopld miſcarry; being environed with ſo many Captains of his Enemy, he made: haſte to .march
fowards him for to aid him, -Pompey underſtanding of his approach, commanded his Captains to
arm their men;-and put them in 'Bartle ray, that' their General .might ſee them. bravely. appointed
when he ſhould preſent them unto him : for he'looked'that SyUa would do him great honour ; and
' indeed hedid him more honour then Pompey Iooked for. -- For when Sylla ſaw him afar off coming to-
., wards him, and his Army marſhalled in ſo good vrder of Battle, and {uch goodly men that ſo bravely
advanced themſelves, being couragious for the Victory they 'had 6btained of their Enemies, he
lighted on foot. When Pompey alſo came to'do-his duty to him; and called him Imperator (as
much as Emperour, or Soveraign Prince) 'Syl/a-reſaluted him with the ſelf-name, beyond all mens
expecation preſent, little thinking that he would have given ſo -honourable a name wnto'ſo young a
man as Pompey, who had not yet been Senator | eonfidering that he himſelf did" contend for that
Title and Dignity, with the FaGtion of Xſarizs and Scipio. Furthermore, the entertainment that
Sylla gave him every way, was anſwerable to his firſt kindneſs offered/him. For when Pompey came
. before him, ' he would riſe and pur off 'his Cap to him; which he did not unto any other Noblemen
about' him; ' All this notwithſtanding, Powpey gloried nothing the more in himſelf. Wherefore
when Sylla would traight have ſenthim into Gaur, becauſe 'Metelw that was there, was thought
ro have done no exploit worthy of ſo great an Army as he had with him : Pompey anſwered him
again, that he 'thought it no' reaſon to diſplace an. ancient Captain that was of greater fame and
| Experience
* ÞP & _y by, YL £
| 4 | fy 5
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parts. Againſt them was Pompey ſent with a great Army. Howbeit heno ſooner arrived in $1 c1-
LE, but Perpenna left him the whole Iſland, and went his way. There he favourably dealt with all
the Cities,: which before had abidden great- trouble and miſery, and ſet them again at liberty, the
They deſpiſing his
Tribunal and: Juriſdiction, alledged the ancient Order and Priviledge of the Roma xs ſet down
in times paſt amongſt them. Bur Pompey anſwered them in choler : Whatdo yo prattle to us of
your Law, that have our Swords by our ſides ? It ſeemeth alfothar Pompey dealt too cruelly with
Carbo in his miſery. For fith he muſt needs die, as there was no remedy but he ſhould, then ic had
been better they had killed him when he was taken : for then they would have imputed it to his ma-
lice that fo had commanded it. But Pompey after he was taken, made him to be brought before him,
that had been thrice Conful at Rom, to be openly examined, and he fitting in his Chair of State
or Tribunal, condemned him to die in preſence of them all :'to the great offence and milliking of
every one that was preſent. So Pompey badefthem, take him away and carry him to execution.
MAMERTINES onely excepted, which dwelt in the City of Mts $s1NaA.
— —> > — 7 —
——
29
Pompey wen:
ro 214 Metellys
in Gal,
Wenlerfull
Victories ct
Pempcy
Pompeypur 2-
way his Wite
Antiſiia, and
married ,/E-
mylia, the
Daughter of
Metella Sylla's
Wite.
The death of
Antiſtius.
Pompey ſeat
from $yllz intc
Sicile.
Law muſt give
place to Arms.
When Carbs came to the Scaffold where he ſhould be executed, and ſeeing the Sword drawn that The death of
ſhould cur off bis head, he prayed the Executioners to give him a-lictle reſpite and place to untruſs £97%-
4 -point, for he had a pain in his belly. Catz! Oppins alſo (one of Zulins (*ſars friends) writeth,
Quintus Palerins. For Pompeyſaid he, knowing that
he was excellently well learned,” as any man could be, and few like unto;him : when he was brought
unto him, he rook him aſide, and walked a few turns about :* that when he had queſtioned with
him, and leirried of him what he could, he commanded his Guard to carry him away, and to diſpatch
him. Howbeit we may not give too light credit to all that Opp: writeth , ſpeaking of Fulirs («-
indeed was compelled to make away the greateft 'perſonages of
S$ylla's Enemies that fell into his hands, being notoriouſly taken; bur for the reſt, all thoſe that he
that he dealt very cruelly in like manner with
ſars friends or foes, For Pom
could ſecretly” ſuffer to ſteal away, he was contented to wink at'it, and would nor underſtand it :
and moreoverdid'help ſome beſides to ſave themſelves. Now - Pompey was determined to have taken
ſharp revenge of the City of the H1»r14 Ns, which had ſtoutly taken the' Enemies part. But
Stheni orie of 'the Governours of the City, craving audience of Pompey, told him he ſhould do
ther wrong and'injuſtice, 'if he fhould 'pardon Him that commurred all the fault, and ſhould deſtroy
them thar had nor vffended:'' Pompey then asking him, avhat he was that durſt take upon him to fa-
ther the offence of them all, Shen anſwered" ftraight , that it” was himſelf, that had perſwaded
his friends; and' compelled lis etiemies, ro do that yhich they did. Pompey being pleaſed to hear
the frank ſpeech and boldh&}s of this man, firſt forges him the, fault he had committed, and con-
- Tequently ll che other HIMERgANS. Pompey underftanding that his Souldiers did kill divers men
inthe high” ways,” he ſealed up all their Swords, and' whofe Seat ſdever was broken, he was well-
favouredly puniſhed, Pep y being buſie abour' theſe marrers in, $rc11z , received Letters and
Commiſſion from”Syla and the Senate, to depart thence imntediately into Argtcx , to _
Þ ar
The death of
2. Valcriu,
The bold
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Pompey
ſealed
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Pompeys Jour»
ney into A-
frick under
8ylla agaioſt
Domittius,
Domitius cam-
ped by Pompey
with his Army.
Pompey vitto-
ry of Domitius,
Domitius (lain,
Pompey took
War upon Domitixs with all his power,. who had levied already more men of War then Marixs
had, not long before, when he came out of Arricx into ITALY : arid had there overthrown
all the Roma Ns doings, being become of a fugitive out-law, a cruel Tyrant. Pompey thereupon
having ſpeedily put himlielf in readineſs to, take the Sea, left Ademmize his Siſters Husband Gover-
nour of $1C1LE : and ſo himſelf imbarked, and hoiſed Sail with fix{core Galleys , and eight
hundred other Ships or Bottoms, to tranſport their Victuals, Munition, Money, Engines of Bat-
tery, and all other carriage whatſoever. After he was landed with all his Fleet, part at UT1ca,
and part at CARTHAGE, there ſtraight came to him ſeven thouſand Souldiers from the Enemies,
and yielded themſelves, beſides ſeven whole Legions that he brought with him. They ſay moreover,
that at his arrival, he had a preſent chance happened unto him to be laughed at : for it is reported,
that certain of his Souldiers ſtumbled on a Treaſure by chance, and got thereby a- great maſſe of
Money, The reſidue of the Army hearing that, thought ſure that the Field where this Treaſure was
found, was full of Gold and Silver, which the CaxTHA G1N1ANSs had hidden there long before
in time of their calamity. Pompey hereupon, for many days after, could have no rule of his Soul-
diers ; neither could he chooſe but laugh to ſee ſo many thouſand men digging the ground, and turn-
ing up the Field : untill in the end they wearied themſelves, and came and prayed him then to lead
them where he thought good, for they had payed well for their folly. 'Domirizs came to Pompey,
with his Army fer in Battle ray. Howbeit there was a certain quagmire before him , that ran
with a ſwift running ſtream, very il] to get over : beſides that, from the very break of day ir had
poured down and rained ſo faſt, and was ſo great a wind withall, that Domitiz@ thinking all thar
day they ſhould not fight, commanded his People to truſs away and remove. Pompey on the other
ſide, finding this an excellent fir occaſion for him, ſuddenly made his men to march, and paſſed over
the Valley. The Enemies perceiving that, being alrogether out of order, were marvellouſly ama-
zed, and in that hurly burly would have made reſiſtance, But they: were neither. all rogether, nor
yet evenly ſet in Battle ray, and had beſides the wind beating the rain full in their faces. So did
the ſtorm much hurt unto the Romans alſo, for they could not one ſee another : inſomuch as
Pompey himſelf was in great Gouger of being killed by one of his own Souldiers, who not know-
ing him, asked him the word of the Battle, and was ſomewhat long before he anſwered him. In
fine , when he had overthrown his Enemies with great ſlaughter ( for they ſay, that of twenty
thouſand of them, there were but three thouſand ſaved) Pompey's Souldiers faluted him by the
name of Imperator : but be anſwered rhem, that he would not acceptthe honour of that Name
ſo long as he ſaw his Enemies Camp yer ſtanding : and therefore, it it were ſo they thought him
worthy of that Name, that firſt they ſhould overthrow the Trench and Fort of their Enemies,
wherein they had intrenched their Camp. The Souldiers when they heard him fay ſo, went pre-
ſently to afſail iv. There Pompey fought bare-headed, to avoid the like danger he was in before,
By this means they took the Camp by force, and in it ſlew Domitius, After that Overthrow,
the Cities in that Countrey came and yielded themſelves, ſome willingly, and others taken by force :
as alſo they took King Farbas that had fought for Domitius, and his Realm was given to Hiemp-
King Far9#. (ll, But Pompey being deſirous further to employ his Power, and the good fortune of his Army,
Pompeys Con-
queſts at twen-
ty four years of
age.
The Love of
the Souldiers
unto Pompey.
Pompcy called
Magnus by
Sy.
went many days journey into the main Land, and ſtill conquered all where he came, making the
Power of the Romans , dreadfull unto all the barbarous People of that 'Countrey,, the which
made but ſmall account of themat that time. He ſaid moreover, that the wild Beaſts of Arr1cx
alſo ſhould feel the force and good ſucceſs of the Romans : and thereupon, he beſtowed a few
days in hunting of Lions and Elephants, For it js. reported, that in forry ws ſpace at the utter-
moſt, he had overcome his Enemies, ſubdued Az 1c x, and had eſtabliſhed the Affairs of the
Kings and Kingdoms of that Countrey, being then but four and twenty bs old. So when be
returned unto the City of UT1ca, Letters were, brought from Sylla, willing bim to diſcharge all
his Army, and to remain there -with' one Legion onely, tarrying. the coming of angther Captain
that ſhould be ſent to ſucceed him in the Govertiment of char. Co . This .commandment
grieved him not a little, though he made no ſhew of it at all: but his Souldiers ſhewed plainly that
they were offended. For when Pompey prayed them to. depart, they: began ro giye our broad ſpee-
ches againſt Sy/le, and told diretly that they were;not determined (whatſoever became of them)
to forlake him, aud they would not thar he ſhould truſt unto a Tyrant. Pompey ſeeing that he could
not perſwade them by. any reaſon to-.be quiet.,,roſe. out of his Chair and retired into his- Tent
weeping, But the Souldiers. followed him, and brought him again..to. his Chair of ,Scate, where
he ſpent-a great part of the day, they.entreating him ro remain here and, command them, and he
deſiring them to obey: $y//a, and, leave their. mutinies. Bur in; fine ,,. ſeeing them imporrunate to
preſs him to it, he {ware he. would. kill himſelf, rather then they ſhould compell him, yet they
{caar left him thus. - Hereupon. it was reported, unto Sylla, that Pompey was rebelled againſt him.
Sylla when he heard that, {aid to. his friends : Well, then: I ſee it is my deſtiny in mine old days to
Fohe with children. He meant ſo, becauſe of _4ar4 ihe younger, who had done him much miſ-
chief, and had beſides put him. in, great danger., But afterwards unferfignding the troth, and hear-
ing that all generally in Rome, were determined to 89; and meet, Pompey, and to. receive him with
alf the honour they -could : becauſe he would go beyond them. all in of good will, he went
out of his Houſe to meet him, and embracing Pim | | grating Saga, welcomed, him home, and
called him Magnas , to ſay, Great, and co ded-all chem. that were preſent to give him thac
Name alſo. This notwithſtanding ſome ſay, that it was in ArRr1cx 'this Name was 4
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dy # common cry of all his whole Army, and that afterwards it was confirmed by Sy{a. Indeed it
is true, that Pompey bimſelf being ſent Proconſul into Sea 1x, long time after that, was the laſt
that ſubſcribed all his Letters and Commiiltions with the name of Pompey the Great : tor this name
then was ſo commonly known and accepted, as no man did envy it, And therefore rightly is the
wiſdom of the ancient RoMANns to be both commended and had in admiration, which did not
onely reward ſervice in the Field with ſuch honourable Names and Titles, but Civil Service and good
Government alſo in Peace at home. - For there were two, whom the People of Rome called Maxi-
mi, to ſay, very great : of the which Yalerixs was the one, for that he made Peace and agreement
betwixt the People and Senate : the other was Fabixs Rullws, for that he put from the Senate certain
Bondmen infranchiſed, who through their riches and favour had obtained that place, Afrer that,
Pompey required the honour of Triumph, bur $ yiadenied it, alledging that none could enter in Tri-
umph into RomE but Conſuls or Prztors, For fith Scipio the firſt, who in Sya1N had overcome
the CAR THAGINIANS, never deſired this honour of Triumph, being neither Conſul nor Prx-
ror, much leſs ſhould he ſtand upon demand of | riumph into Rome, when that through his young
years he was not yet a Senator ; and beſides, it would purchaſe him envy of his Honour and Great-
neſs. Theſe reaſons did Sy{la alledge againſt Pompey, and told him plainly, that if he were bent to
ſtand in it, he would reſiſt him. All this blanked not Pompey, who told him frankly again, how men Pompey's ſtout
did honour the riſing, not the ſetting of the Sun : meaning thereby , how his own honour in-
creaſed, and Sylla's diminiſhed. Sylla heard him not very perfe&tly what he ſaid ; but perceiving by
their countenances that ſtood by, that they wondred at it, he asked what it was he ſaid. When it
was told him, he marvelled at the boldneſs of ſo young a man, and then cryed out twice together,
Let him then Triumph a Gods name, Many being offended therewith, Pompey: (as it is reported) to
anger them more, would needs be brought in a triumphant Chariot drawn with four Elephants ;
for he had taken many of them from thoſe Kings and Princes which he had ſubdued. Howbeir the
drawn in with Horſes, Now his Souldiers that had not all things as they looked for, and which was
promiſed them, going about to trouble and hinder his Triumph, he ſaid he paſſed nor for it, and that
he would rather let alone all his preparation of Triumph, then once to yield to flatter them. Where-
upon, there was a famous man at that time called Servi/5#s, who at the firſt was one of the chiefeft
againſt Pompey's Triumph, who ſaid openly, Now I know that Pompey indeed is great, and deſerverh
Triumph : being evident enough, that if he would, he might then have eaſily been made Senator :
he ſued not for that, but as they ſay, ſought honour by a ftranger mean leſs honourable. For if
he had been made Senator ſo young, it had not been ſo great. a matter ; but to bave ſuch honour
before he was Senator, that was marvellouſly to be. noted. But this wan him the more favour and
good will ſtill amongſt the ccmmon People: for they were glad when after his Triumph they ſaw him
in company amongſt the Rom a N Knights, On the other fide, it ſpighted Sy/la ro fee him come
ſo ſaſt forward, and co riſe to ſo great credit : notwithſtanding being aſhamed to hinder him, he was
contented to keep it to himſelf untill that enIP by force, and-againſt Sy/{a's will, had brought
of the People, that furthered his defire, There-
upon Sylla ſeeing Pompey returning overthwartthe Market-place from the Election, with a great
The wiſdom of
the Romans
commended for
rewarding fo-
raignand home
ſervice.
FValcrius and
Rullus called
Maximi in
Rome.
anſwer unto
$ylla.
Pompey not be-
ing Senator,
X . , triampheth a-
Gateof the City being too narrow, he was driven to leave the Elephants, and was contented to be gainſt the Law.
Marcus Leyil:'s
created Conſul;
Train of followers to honour him, he ſaid unto him: O young man, I ſee thou art glad of this Vi- .
Rory, and ſo haſt thou caule; for it is a goodly thing out of doubt to have had ſuch favour of the
People, as for thy ſaketo have made Lepidus Conſul (the vileſt perſon of all men) before Carulus
the honeſteſt man of the City : but I will cell thee one thing, ſee chat thou ſleep nor, and look well
to thy buſineſs, for thou haſt advanced a dangerous enemy to thy ſelf. Now the chiefeſt thing
wherein Sylla diſcovered moſt his ill will unto Pompey, was in his laſt will and Teſtament : for he gave
Legacies unto every one of his friends, and ſome ot 'them he made Tutors and Overſeers of his Son,
but he made no mention of Pompey at all. This notwithſtanding Pompey took it well enough. And
where Lepids and ſome other would have kept Syila's body from burial in the Field of Mars, and
that-his Funeral ſhould not be openly ſolemnized, he contrariwiſe brought him very honourably and
ſaſely ro the ground, Shortly after Sy/la's death, his words of Prophecy unto Pompey concerning
Lepidws, proved true, For Lepidxs uſurping the Authority which Sy{la had before, not —
but openly entred ſtraight in Arms, ſtirring up again thoſe of «Marius faction, whom Sylla could
not be avenged of, and which lay lurking a long time, \pying for occaſion to riſe again, True itis,
that-his College and fellow-Conſul Carxlus (whom the and ſoundeft part of the People fol-
lowed) was thought a marvellous honeſt man, both juſt and modeſt : howbeit, a better Governour
in. Peace, then a man of War, inſomuch as time required Pompey's skill and experience. So
Pompey ſtood nor doubrfull which way be would diſpoſe himſelf, but rook part ſtraight with the
Nobility and honefſteſt men, and was preſently choſen Captain of their Army againſt Lepidus, who
had already wonthe greateſt part of IT a Ly, and with an Army under the condu& of Brutus, kept
Gaur on this fide:the Mountains called GaLLt1a CISALPINA,. And for the reſt, Pompey
eaſily overcame it': howbeit be lay a long time” before MoDon a, beſieging of Brutus. In the
mean ſeaſon Lepid*s carne to Roms, and being hard at the Walls, demanding the ſecond Conſul-
ſhip, made them afraid in the Ciry with the great numbers of men he had about him, gathered to-
gether of all ſorts. 'Howbeir this fear was cooled ſtraight by a Letter which Pompey ſent-to Row,
advertifing how he had ended this War without ' any blood-ſhed : for Brutus cither betraying
bis Army, or being betrayed of 'ir, yielded bimſelf unro Pompey, who gave him 2 certain _—
| v
Sylls fallen *
from the love
of Pompey.
Lepidus mo»
veth Civil
War.
a
"Pþ _—
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7
Brutus the ta-
ther, lain by
Pompey.
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_—— ——
of Horſemen that conducted him into a little Town upon the River of Po , where the next day af-
ter, Geminius being ſent by Pompey, flew him. But hereof Pompey was greatly blamed, for that he
had written Letters to the Senate trom the beginning of the change, how Br«r«s had pur himſelf in-
to his hands , and afterwards wrote Letters to the contrary, which burthened him for putting him to
death. This Bratxs was Father of that Brutxs, which afterwards by the help of Caſſius ſlew ulins
Ceſar : howbeit he ſhewed not himſelf ſo like a coward, neither in Wars nor in death, as his Fa-
- ther did, as we have declared more at large in his Life. Furthermore, Lepzdus being driven to for-
The death of
Lepidus.
The yaliant-
neſs of Serto-
rius in Spain.
Pompcys journy
into Fpain a-
gainſt Sertorius
Metellus given
to riot and
pleaſuge.
Sertorius wan
*rhe City of
Lauron in the
ſight of Pompey
Pompey flew
Herennius and
Perpenna. * .
Battle berwixt
Pompey ane. ,
Sergorius.
Sucron fl.
ſake ITaLy, fled into Sa xDINIa, where he died (as it is reported) of a fickneſs that he had,
not -for any ſorrow or grief of his own affairs, but tor a Letter that was brought him which wenc
ro his heart, knowing thereby that his Wife had played the Harlot, There remained at that time Ser-
torius in SPAIN, who was another manner of Warriour then Lepidxs, and that kept the Ro-
MANS in great awe: for that all the fugitives of the late Civil Wars were fled to him, as from
the laſt diſeaſe of rhe Wars. He had already overthrown many inferiour Captains, and was now
wreſtling with Merellus Pius, thatin his youth had been a noble Souldier, but now being old, made
Wars but ſlowly, and would not couragiouſly take preſent occaſions offered him, which Serrorins by
his nimbleneſs and dexterity took out of his hands. For he would ever hover about him, when he
thought leaſt of him, like a-Caprtain rather of Thieves then of Souldiers, and would ftill lay Ambuſhes
in every corner, and round about him : where the good old man Aerellus had learned to tight in Bat-
tle-ray, his men being heavy armed. Hereupon Pompey keeping his Army alway together, practiſed
.at RoME that he might be ſent into SyaiN to aid Merellus, Bur notwithſtanding that Catuls
commanded him to diſperſe his Army, Pompey ſtill kept them rogether by colour of new devices, and
was continually about RoME in Arms, untill that by Zacius Philippus means he had obtained the
government of that Countrey. They ſay, that one of the Senators marvelling to hear Philip pro-
pound that matter to the Senate, asked him : How now! Phzl:p, doeſt thou then think it meet to ſend
Pompey Proconſul (to ſay, for a Conſul) intoSya1n? Notruly, ſaid Philip, nor Proconſul one-
ly, bur pra Conſulibus (to ſay, for both Conſuls) meaning that both the Conſuls for that year were
men of no value, Now when any was arrived in SPAIN , men began ftraight to be carried
away (as the manner is commonly where no Governours be) with the hope of a thing that they had
Not before, Thereupon Sertorius gave out proud and bitter words againft Pompey, 1aying in moc-
;kery, he would have no other Weapon but rods to whip this young boy, if he were not afraid of this
.old woman, meaning Aetellxs the.old man. . But notwithſtanding theſe gallant-brags, he ſtood berter
upon his guard, and went ftronger to fight then-he did before, being afraid of Pompey. For Me-
zellus was very difſolute of life (which no man would have judged in him) and was given over too
-much to riot and pleaſure : howbeit —_ in him a marvellous ſudden change, both of his honour
and glory which he uſed before, as alſo the cutting off of his ſuperfluous expence. That thing, be-
fides that he did honour Pompey greatly 'by it, wan him alſo much more the good will of the People,
- when they ſaw «that he drew himſelf down to a ftraighter life. And this was no great pain to him,
for of his own diſpoſition he was a grave man and -temperately given for his defires, In this War
fortune changed diverlly, as it is commonly ſeen in Wars : but nothing grieved Pozypey more then
Sertorius winning of the City of LauxoNn. For he thinking to have ſhut him in had given out
ſome glorious words of the matter, wondred when he ſaw himſelf ftraight compaſſed in, that he could
not ſtir out- of the Camp where he lay, and was driven befides to ſee the Ciry burnt before his face.
This notwithſtanding, afterwards at a ſer-Battle by the City of VaLENT1Aa, he flew Herennius
and Perpenna, both notable Souldiers, and 'Serrorzus Lieutenants, and with them ten. thouſand men,
This Vidory ſo encouraged Pompey, that he made baſte to fight with Serrorixs alone, becauſe Me-
tellus ſhould have no part of the honour of the Victory, So they both mer by the River of Su-
CRON, about Sun-ſer, both fearing erellzs coming ; the one, that he might fight alone; and
he other, with one alone. 1n fine, the ViRory fell out doubtfull -in the end of the Battle : for ci-
ther of their Wings had the upper hand. Between the two Captains, Serto7 5x5 had the greater ho-
nour : for he alone overcame all them that ſtood before him, And as for Pompey, there was a great
-man of Arms that being on foot, came and ſet upon him ; and having both their Swords in their
Pe: hands, they both lighted upon their hands, but not both in one ſort ,, for Pompey's hand was but a
V 1ittle hurt, and the man of Arms had his hand clean. cut off, Then Pompey's men fell upon him, all
bis own fellows on that ſide being fled from him : notwichſtanding, beyond all hope, he ſaved him-
ſelt after a ſtrange ſort, by caſting up his Horſe among his Enemies, that was richly trapped with
gil Harneſs, having a Capariſon of great value : and in the mean time while they were bufie divi-
ding this booty among tbem, and fighting for it, he eſcaped their hands. The next morning w_—_
of day, both of them again brought their Bands into the Field, ro confirm the Victory, which ci-
ther of them ſuppoſed they had gotten. But Merellus came to Pompey at that preſent time , whereup-
.on Sertorixs went his way, and dif perſed his Army : for his Camp was eaſily broken, and ſuddenly ga-
thered again together, For Serror;us would ſometime wander the Fields alone, and at another time
again he would have a hundred and fifry thouſand fighting men together in the Field , like a vehe-
ment ſtream, that ſometime is dried up, and that ſuddenly again is all of a flood, ry 1-4 after this
Battle going to welcome Merellus, when they came near one another, he commanded his Serjeants
The modeſty of and Officers to put down their bundle of Rods and Axes which they carried before him, to honour
Pompey and
Metellus.
' Metellus withall, who was a better man than himſelf, But Aſetellus would not ſuffer chem, bur ſhew-
&« himſelf equal with him in that, and in all things elſe, not reſpeRing his ſcigniority, nor that -
H, -
PVMPEIUVS. "oy
thar head ' CC anc Pompey not, faving when they camped together, ,Merellus gave the
Watchword to all the Camp. Notwithſtanding, commonly they camped aſunder, for their Enemy
that was ſo ſtirring from place to place, and was ſeen in ſo ſundry places in ſo ſhott time, compel-
led them to be afunder to foreſee the worſt, drawing them ſuddenly from one purpoſe to another ; ſo
that in fine, cutting them off from Victuals every way, ſpoiling their Countrey, and keeping the
Sea ſide, he drave them both our of 'the Provinces of their charge which they had in Searn, and
did compel] them to go fome orher-where for Jack of Victuals. Pompey in the mean time having
ſpent the moſt part of his Goods in this War, ſent ro Rot for Money to pay his Souldiers, threat-
ning the Senate, that if they fent him no Money, he would return with his Army into ITaty. Zx-
cullus then being Conſul, though Powpey's Enemy, procured they ſhould ſend him Money : for he
praiſed to be fent Captain againſt King Afirhridates, and therefore was afraid to give Pompey any
occaſion to return, who deſired noching more then to leave Sertorius to bend his force againſt A1z-
thridates, whoſe overthrow ſhould be more honourable to him, and alſo leſs dangerous. In the
mean ſpace Sertorius died, being betrayed by thoſe whom he thought his friends, among the which
Perpenna was the chief man, that after Sertorius death would needs counterfeit his doings, havi
the ſame means, the ſame furniture, and the ſame power that he had : howbeit he lacked his wit 7
$kill ro employ them. Pompey theretore marching dlrectly towards him, and finding how ignorant
Perpenna was in his Affairs, he layed a bait for him of ten Cohorrs which he ſent to prey in the
Fields, commanding them to diſperſe themſelves abroad as far as they could , one from another,
Perpenna ſtraight took the occaſion, and gaverhem charge, and had them in chaſe. Bur Pompey tar- p R
rying himat the Foord, was ready tor him with all his Army ſet in order : he gave him Battle, ob- _- Parents
tained the Victory, and ended all this War, becauſe the moſt of the Captains were ſlain in the and flew him.
Field, and Perpenna the chief of all taken Priſoner, whom he preſently put to death. Bur herein
Pompey was not to be condemned of ingratitude nor oblivion (as ſome do burthen him) of Perper-
na's friendſhip ſhewed him in Sic1L14, but rather deſerved praiſe to have determined ſo wiſely
for the benefit of the Commonwealth, For Perperna having in his cuſtody all Serrorixs Writings,
he ſhewed Letters of the greateſt Noblemen of Rome (which were deſirous of change of Govern-
ment) willing him to rerurn into ITaLv. Pompey upon fight of theſe Letters, fearing leſt they
would breed greater edition and ſtir in Rom then that which was already pacified, put Perpenna Pompey burng
to death as ſoon as he could, and burnt all his papers and Writings, not reading any Letter of them, $*7#0riue Lee-
Then Pompey remaining in SPAIN 2 cerrain time , till he had pacified all Commotions and Tu- alſo ! Ay like
mults marvelloufly our of order, he brought his Army back again into ITALy, and arrived there Caſur ul _
when the War of the Bondmen and Fencers led by Spartacus, was in greateſt fury. Upon his co- venta :
ming therefore Craſſus being ſent Captain againſt thele Bondmen, made haſte to give them Battle, Pompey.
which he wan, and flew twelve thouſand three hundred of theſe fugitive Slaves, Notwithſtand-
ing, Fortune meaning to give Pompey ſome part of this hogour, five thouſand of theſe Bondmen e- Pompey over-
fcaping from the Battle, fell into his hands. Whereupon he having overcome them, wrote unto the _ eſt
Senate, that {aff had overcomethe Fencers in Bartle, and that he had pluckr up this War by = Bond-
the roots, The Romans receiving Pompey's Letters, were very glad of this news for the love
they bare him. But as for the winning of Sea1x again, and the overthrow of Serrorius, there
was no man, although it were in ſport, that ever gave any man elſe the honour, but unto Pompey
onely. For all this great honour and love they bare unto Pompey, yer they did ſuſpet him, and were
afraid of him, becauſe he did nat diſperſe his Army, that he would follow Sy{/a's ſteps, to rule alone
by plain force, Hereupon as many went to meet bim for fear, as there were that went for good
will they bare him. Bur after he had put this ſuſpitiqn quite out of their heads, telling them that he
would diſcharge his Army aſter he had triumphed, then his ill-willers could blame him for nothing elſe,
but that he was more inclined unto the People then to the Nobility, and had a deſire to reſtore the
Tribuneſhip of the People which Sy{a bad put down, onely to gratifie the common People in all he
could : the which indeed was true. For the Common People at Ro never longed for thing more,
then they did to ſee the Office of the Tribunes ſet up again. Yea Pompey himſelf thought it the hap-
pieſt turn that ever came to him, to light in ſuck a time to do ſuch an at, For had any other man
prevented him of that, he could never have found the like occaſion poſſibly ro have requited the Peo-
ples good wills unto him ſo much as in that, Now therefore this ſecond Triumph and firſt Conſul.
ſhip being decreed by the Senate, that made him nothing the greater nor better man. And yet was
it a ſhewand fignification of his greatneſs, the which Craſſus (the richeſt man , the eloquenteſt and
greateſt perſon 'of all them that at that time dealt in matters of State, and had moxe eſtimation of
himſelf then of Pompey and all the reſt) never durſt once demand, before he had .craved Pompey's
good will. Pompey was very glad of his re veſt, and had ſought occaſion of long time to pleaſure
im ; and thereypon made earneſt ſuit unto the People for him , afſuring them be would as much
rhank chem' for making Craſſus his Colleague and fellow-Conſull, as he would for making him- pomyey and
felf Confull, All this notwithſtanding, when they were created Confuls, they were in all things Craſſus firſt
contrary one ynto another , and never agreed in any one thing while they were Conſuls roge- Conlulſhip.
ther, Craſſus, bad more authority with the Senate, but Pompey had more credit with the Peo-
ple. For be reſtored them the Office of the Tribunes, and paſſed by Edit , that the Knights
f Rows ſhould have full power again to judge Cauſes Civil and Criminal. Ir was a plea- Th. cytom of
ant fight alſo unto the People , when he came unto the Cenſors in perſon , to pray that he the Knights of
might be diſpenſed with for going to the Wars, For it was an ancient cuſtom in Row - Rome,
that
P 0 1 Þ £1 ON
that the Knights of Rome having ſerved a certain time in the by mew order,
ſhould bring their Horſe into the midft of the Market-place before the rwo Cenſors, declaring every
Captain under whom they had ſerved, in what Journeys and Countreys they had been : and havin;
alſo delivered account of their good behaviour and ſervice, they then prayed to be diſmiſſed from the
Wars. Now if it appeared that they had done good ſervice, then were they honourably rewar-
ded : or otherwiſe, openly ſhamed and puniſhed. Ar that time, Gell;xs and Lentulwus the two Cen-
ors, being honourably ſet in their Tribunal or Judgement-ſear, taking view of all the Roma N
Pompey as a Knights that muſtered before them, to be ſeen and examined, they marvelled when they ſaw Pom-
Knighrof Fey coming at the farther end of the Market-place, having all the marks of a Conſul born before
Rome ſnerh to fi, and himſelf leading his Horſe in his hand by the bridle. When Pompey came nearer, and that
gn: they ſaw-it was he, he commanded his Serjeants that carried his Axes before him, to make room
Pompey (ub- "for him to paſs by the Bars with his Horſe, where the Cenſors fate, Then the People flocked
mitterh him- about him, wondering and rejoycing, being very ſilent. The Cenſors themſelves alſo. were mar-
ſelf rothe yellous glad to ſee him fo obedient to the Law, and did him great reverence. In fine, the elder
Cenlor. of the Cenſors did examine him in this fort. Pompey the Great, I pray thee tell me if thou haſt
ſerved ſo long time in the Wars as the Law did appoint ? Then anſwered Pompey aloud : Yes
verily that I have , and under no other Gaptain then my ſelf, The People hearing this An-
ſwer, made an open ſhout for joy, they were (6 glad to hear it : and the Cenſors themſelves came
from their Judgement-ſear, and went ro accompany Pompey home to his Houle, to pleaſe the grear
multitude of People that followed him , clapping their hands with great ſigns of joy. Ar the
end of their Conſulſhip, when miſliking encreaſed further between Pompey and Craſſus, there was
one 'Gairs eAurelins, of the order of Knighthood, who till that time never ſpake in open Aſſembly,
but then got up into the Pulpit for Orations, and told the People openly, how Jupiter had appea-
red to him in the night, and had commanded him to tell both the Conſuls from him, that they ſhould
not leave their Charge and Office betore they were reconciled together. For all theſe words Po-
pey ſtirred not. But Craſſ#s firſt took him by the hand, and ſpake openly ro him before the Pev-
ple: My Lords, I think not my ſelf diſhonoured to give place to Pompey, {ith you your ſelves
have thought him worthy to be called the Great, before he had any hair on his face , and unto
whom you granted the honour of two Triumphs before he came to be Senator. When he had ſaid
Pompey and his mind, they were made friends together, and ſo ſurrendred/up their Office. Now for Craſſus,
Craſſus made ' he held on his former manner of litewhich he had begun. Pompey as near as he could, gave over
% a
*-
I%:
friends. to plead mens cauſes any more, and began by little and little ro withdraw himſelf from —_—_
\ ing the Market-place, and matters of judgment, coming ſeldom abroad, and when he did , he
Pompey: pride Bad alwaies a great Train following him. It was a rare thing alſo to ſee him any more come our
andglory, Of his Houſe, or talk with a man, but he was ever accompanied with a great number, and he re-
joyced to himſelf to ſee that he had alwaies ſuch a Train after him : for that made him to be ho-
noured the more, and gave him greater countenance to ſee him thus courted, thinking it diſhonour
to him to be familiar with mean perſons. For men that riſe by Arms, are eaſily deſpiſed , when
they come to live like private Citizens : becauſe they cannot taſhion themſelves to be companions
with the common People, (who Citizen-like uſe a common familiarity rogether ) but look to be
their betters in the City, as they are in the Field. Yea and contrarily, they that do acknowledge
themſelves to be their inferiours in Wars, will think foul ſcorn if they be not their ſuperiours
in peace. And by this means when they have a noble Warrier among them that followed pub-
lick Cauſes, (which had triumphed for many ViRories and Battles he bath obrained) they obſcure
his Glory, and make him an underling unto them ; whereas they do not otherwiſe envy any Soul-
diers that are contented equally ro give them placeand authority , as plainly appeared thortly after
The beginning by Pompey himſelf. By ſuch an occaſion, the power of Pirates on the Sea , took beginning in
of rhe Pirates the Countrey of C1L1c1a, which was not reckoned of at the firſt, becauſe it was not perceived
_- untill they grew bold and venturous in King V/Gthridates Wars , being hired to do him ſervice.
And afterwards the Roma ns being troubled with Civil Wars, one fighting with another, even
at Roms Gates, the Sea not being looked to all this while, it ſet them a gog, and made them go
farther then ever they did before. For they did not onely rob and ſpoil all Merchant-venturers by
Sea, but rifled alſo the Iſlands and Towns upon the Sea-coaſt ; inſomuch as then there joyned with
them men of great Wealth and Nobility, and of great wiſdom alſo, and entred into their fellow-
The power and ſhip, as into a commendable faculty, Now they had ſet up Arſenals or Store-houſes in ſundry pla-
infolency of Ces, they had ſundry Havens and Beacons on the Land, to give warning by fire all along the Sea-coaft,
the Pirats. and thoſe wAFkept and watched : moreover, they had great Fleets of Ships ready furniſhed, with ex-
cellent good iots of Oars, sKilfull Pilots and Mariners, their Ships of ſwift fail , and Pinnaces
for diſcovery, but withall ſo gloriouſly ſer out, that men leſs hated their exceſs, then feared their
force. For the Poops of their Gallivts were all gilt, the Coverings of the ſame all of Purple Silk,
delighting onely to make a glorious ſhew of their pillage. All che Sea-coaſt over, there was no fight
gal of any thing bur Muſick, ſinging, banquetting, and rioting, prizes of Captains and men of great qua-
= - *:-0.. 1ity, and ranſom of 1000 Priſoners : and all this was to the ſhame an diſhonour of, the Roma ws.
fad Ships, Their Ships were about 1000 in number, and they had taken 400 Towns. They had ſpoiled and de-
} ſtroyed many holy Temples that had never been touched before : as the Temple of the Twins in the
Ifle of Cxaros, the Temple of Samorbracia, the Temple of Earth in the Ciry of Hzxm1on, and
the Temple of /£ſculapins in Eerdaurun : the Temples of Neprane in Is THmos, TANARIA
POMPETVUS
O—— ——_———
— —
being firſt ſhewed by them. But beſides all theſe inſolent parts and injuries they did the Romans
upon the Sea, they went aland, and where they found any houſes of Pleaſure upon the Sea-coaſt,
they ſpoyled and deſtroyed them : and on a time they took two ROMAN Prxtors, Sexti/ius and
Beliinws , being in their Purple Robes , with their Secrgeants and Officers attending on them , and
carried them quite away. Another time allo they ſtole away the Daughter of eAxtonins ( a man
that had received honour of Triumph ) as ſhe. went a walking abroad in the Fields , and ſhe was re-
deemed for a great ſum of Money, But yer the greateſt ſpite and mockery they uſed to the Ro-
MANS , Was this, that when they had taken any of them, and. that he cried he was 2 Citizen of
Rome, and named his name: then. they made as though they had been amazed, and afraid of that
they had done. For they clapped their hands ontheir thighes, and fell down oh their knees before
him , praying him to torgive then, The poor. Priſoners thought they had doneit in good earneſt,
ſeeing they -bumbled themiclves as though they ſeemed feartull, For ſome of them came unto him,
and put ſhooes on his feet : others clapr a Gown vn the back of him alter the [R014 x faſhion,
for fear ( ſaid they ) leſt he ſhould be miſtaken another time, When tHey had plaid ail this pageant,
and mocked him their bellies tull : at the laſt they caſt out one of their Ship-ladders, and pur hum on
it , and bad him go his way , be thould have no hurt : and if be would not go of himfelf, then they
caſt him over the board by torce , and ſent him packing. Theſe Rovers and Sea-pirates had all the
Sea Mediterraneum at commandment : inſomuch there durſt not a Merchant look out, nor once
traffick that Sea, And this was the onely cauie that moved the ROwa ns ( fearing ſcarcity of
ViRuals, and a great dearth ) to ſent Pompey to recover the Signiory again of the Sea from
theſe Pyrates. The firſt man that moved it might be decreed , that Pompey ſhould not be onely
Admirall or Generall by Sea, but fhould have abſolute power to command all manner of perſons
as he thought good , without any account to. be-made of his doings in his charge , was Gabinin:,
Pomrey: friend. The iunt of this Decree gave. him full power and abſolute Authority of all the
Sea from Hercules Pillars , and of the main Land the ſpace of four hundred Furlongs from the
Sea, ( for the Rowans Dominions at that time in- few placts went further then that : notwith-
ſtanding within that compaſs were many great Nations and mighty Kings. ) | urthermore, it gave
him power to chooſe of the Senate fifteen: Lieytenagits;,. to.giye unto every one of them ſeverall
Provinces in charge , according to his diſcretion; and alſo to take money our of the Treaſure, of the
generall Receivers of the State , to-deiray the;charges of a Fleer)of two hundred (ail , with fult power
beſides to leavie what men of: War he thought-good , and as:many Galliots and Marriners as he
lifted. This Law when it had beech read over among themythe People confirmed{it with very good
will. Yet the Noble-men and chit of the Senate thought that this Authority did not-onely exceed
all envy , tut alſo that ic gave them apparent cauſe of tear., to give ſuch abſolute power unto a:
private perſon, Whereupon ihey- were, all. againſt. ir but Ce/ar., who favoured the Decree, not fo'
much to pleaſure Pompey as the People .,, whaſe favour. he ſought... The Noblemen fell marvel-
louſly outwith Pompey : and-at-the length -one-of the Conſuls was very hot with him, and told hin
he looked-to fellow Rom: lu fteps , but peradyenture he would come thort- of that end he made.
Thereupon the People thought to have killed him. After that j. Cat»{us ftood:up to' ſpeak againſt
this Edit, The People at the firſt heard hym quietly , becauſe 'he was. a worthy man. . Then be hes
gan without-any ſhew of enyie , to ſpeak many. goodly. things in -the praiſe of Pompey , and-in
fine, adviſed the People: to {pare him, and nor.to- venture in ſuch dangerous Wars.( one after a--
nother)-a 'man' of ſo [great.account , 4s they ought-ro make: of him. 1f ye chance to'lofe him, faid
he, whom have you. then. co /put..uin his place 2 The People thet cried our: Yaur ſelf. Then per-"
ceiving thar-he'toft his labour, ſeekingto turn the People from their determination; he left it there;
and ſaid no»-more.; Ro/cirg xolencxt aiter him ta.ſpeak, but he could have no--audience. Whenhe
faw thathe-could nat be'heard , be made a fign. with his fingers, that they ſhould not give Pew-,
pey- alone this Authority, ;but joyn another with him. The People being offended withall made. fuch-;
an outcry! upon ct , that'a -Crow flying over the ,Market-place at that inftane:;-was- ftricken blind
and fell dowa:among the People. Whereby it appeareth that a fowl falling -our- vf the air:tathe
ground, didnor fall for thatthe'air is brokep or. pierced with any force or-fury zi but becaulethe very,
breath"of the Voice (when 'it cometh with-ſuch a violence , as it maketh a very-'Tempeſt in the Air)
doth ſtrikezand overcome-ihem. Thus foruhat day,the Aſſembly:brake up, andnothing /-paſt-;. and at
' the day appointed when this 'Decree ſhould paſs by Voices of the People, Po prji went abroad wo
the CountreyL> ' Thexe bring advertiſed that the |Decree was paſt for the confirmatzon of his charge,
he returned again char night .inzo the City,,, becauſe he would avoid the'envy they would have born
him to have:leen them run-our of all parts of: the Ciry unto bim,, 'to bave waited on him. homie.
The next morning he-came:abroad , and ſacrificed unto the: gods : and audience being given: higs
and CALA BRIA : and.the Temples of Apolo in Act1un , in the Iſle of Leucants : the
Temples of 7-wo in SAMOs., in ARGOS, and in LucaNn1a. They had alſo many ſtrange Sacri-
fices and certain Ceremonies of Religion among themſelves, in the Mount Olympus, and among
other, the Myſtery of 4s hres , whuch is the Sun : and remaineth jJer in being unto this day,
The Pirarcs
ſcorning of ths
Remans,when
they were ta-
ken.
Gabinius La#
for Pompcys
Authority a-
gainlt the P:-
rarcs,
Ar the Voice
of the Peop.e,
a Crow flying
fel] down. +
at an open Aſſembly ; tie bandled che matter ſo, that they -gave him many. things belides 0» ens: Pompeys pres
large his power almoſt. doubling the preparation {er down and: appointed at- the firſt Decree.
paration A-
For he ordained that the Common- wealth ſhould arm him five hundred Ships , and they leayied $2ioft «be .
for him fix-ſcore thouſand Footmen , and fiveichouſand Horſmen, and chole. beſides four and
twenty Senators , Which had every one 0f' zhem been-Generals of Armies , and two generall Trea-
Pirates.
Z z ſurers '
- —C_—_
— —_—— - -
PO MP ETON
that the Knights of Rome having ſerved a certain time in the Wangnuppouned by-menrorder,
ſhould bring their Horſe into the midft of the Marker-place before the two Cenſors, declaring every
Captain under whom they had ſerved, in what Journeys and Countreys they had been : and havin;
alſo delivered account of their good behaviour and ſervice, they then prayed to be diſmiſſed from the
Wars, Now if it appeared that they had done good ſervice, then were they honourably rewar-
ded : or otherwiſe, openly ſhamed and puniſhed. Ar that time, Gell;xs and Lentulws the two Cen-
ors, being honourably ſet in their Tribunal or Judgement-ſeat, taking view of all the Roma N
Pompey 36 a Knights that muſtered before them, to be ſeen and examined, they marvelled when they ſaw Pom-
Knighrof Fey coming at the farther end of the Market-place, having all the marks of a Conſul born before
Rome ſneth to fin, and himſelf leading his Horſe in his hand by the bridle. When Pompey came nearer, and that
ne they ſaw-it was he, he commanded his Serjeants that carried his Axes before him, to make room
Pompey ſub- for him to paſs by the Bars with his Horſe, where the Cenſors fate, Then the People flocked
mitterh him- about him, wondering and rejoycing, being very filent. The Cenſors themſelves alſo. were mar-
ſelf rothe yellous glad to ſee him ſo obedient to the Law, and did him great reverence. In fine, the elder
Cenſor. of the Cenſors did examine him in this ſort. Pompey the Great, I pray thee tell me if thou haſt
ſerved ſo long time in the Wars as the Law did appoint ? Then anſwered Pompey aloud : Yes
verily that I have, and under no other Gaptain then my ſelf, The People hearing this An-
ſwer, made an open ſhout for joy, they were fo glad to hear it : and the Cenſors themſelves came
from their Judgement-ſear, and went to accompany Pompey home to his Houſe, to pleaſe the grear
multitude of People that followed him , clapping their hands with great ſigns of joy. Ar the
end of their Conſulſhip, when miſliking encreaſed further between Pompey and Craſſus, there was
one 'Gaixs eAurelizs, of the order of Knighthood, who till that time never ſpake in open Aſſembly,
but then got up into the Pulpit for Orations, and told the People openly, how Jupiter had appea-
red to him in the night, and had commanded him to tell both the Conſuls from him, that they ſhould
not leave their Charge and Office betore they were reconciled together. For all theſe words Pom-
pey ſtirred not. But Craſſ#s firſt took him by the hand, and ſpake openly to him before the Pev-
ple: My Lords, I think not my ſelf diſhonoured to give place tro Pompey, {ith you your ſelves
have thought him worthy to be called the Great, before he had any hair on his face , and unto
whom you granted the honour of two Triumphs before he came to be Senator. When he had ſaid
Pompey and his mind, they were made friends rogether, and ſo ſurrendred/up their Office. Now for Craſſus,
Craſſus made * he held on his former manner of litewhich he had begun. Pompey as near as he could, gave over
friends. to plead mens cauſes any more, and began by little and little to withdraw himſelf from frequent-
\ ing the Market-place, and matters of judgment, coming ſeldom abroad, and when he did ,\ he
Pompey: pride Þad alwaies a great Train following him. It was a rare thing alſo to ſee him any more come our
andglory, Of his Houſe, or talk with a man, but he was ever accompanied with a great number, and he re-
joyced to himſelf to ſee that he had alwaies ſuch a Train after him : for that made him to be ho-
noured the more, and gave him greater countenance to ſee him thus courted, thinking it diſhonour
to him to be familiar with mean perſons. For men that riſe by Arms, are eafily deſpiſed , when
they come to live like private Citizens : becauſe they cannot taſhion themſelves to be companions
with the common People, (who Citizen-like uſe a common familiarity rogether ) but look to be
their betters in the City, as they are in the Field. Yea and contrarily, they that do acknowledge
themſelves to be their inferiours in Wars, will think foul ſcorn if they be not their ſuperiours
in peace. And by this means when they have a noble Warrier among them that followed pub-
lick Cauſes, (which had triumphed for many ViRories and Battles he bath obrained) they obſcure
his Glory, and make him an underling unto them ; whereas they do not otherwiſe envy any Soul-
diers that are contented equally ro give them placeand authority , as plainly appeared ſhortly after
The beginning by Pompey himſelf, By ſuch an occaſion, the power of Pirates on the Sea , took beginning in
of rhe Pirates the Countrey of C1L1c1a, which was not reckoned of at the firſt, becauſe it was not perceived
wm untill they grew bold and venturous in King Vfrhbridates Wars , being hired to do him ſervice.
And. afterwards the Roma ns being troubled with Civil Wars, one fighting with another, even
at Rome Gates, the Sea not being looked to all this while, it ſet them a gog, and made them go
farther then ever they did before. For they did not onely rob and ſpoil all Merchant-venturers by
Sea, but rifled alſo the Iſlands and Towns upon the Sea-coaſt ; inſomuch as then there joyned with
them men of great Wealth and Nobility, and of great wiſdom alſo, and entred into their fellow-
The power and ſhip, as into a commendable faculty. Now they had ſer up Arſenals or Store-houſes in ſundry pla-
inſolency of Ces, they "ther Havens and Beacons on the Land, to give warning by fire all along the Sea-coaft,
the Pirats, and thoſe waAFkept and watched : moreover, they had great Fleets of Ships ready furniſhed, with ex-
cellent good Cillliots of Oars, sKilfull Pilots and Mariners, their Ships of ſwift fail , and Pinnaces
for diſcovery, but withall ſo gloriouſly ſet out, that men leſs hated their exceſs, then feared their
force, For the Poops of their Gallivts were all gilt, the Coverings of the ſame all of Purple Silk,
delighting onely to make a glorious ſhew of their pillage. All the Sea-coaſt over, there was no ſight
hy of any thing but Muſick, ſinging, banquetting, and rioting, prizes of Captains and men of great qua-
_ 4 2:10. 1ity, and ranſom of 1000 Priſoners : and all this was to the ſhame an diſhonour of, the Romans.
fnd Ships, Their Ships were about 1000 in number, and they had taken 400 Towns, They had ſpoiled and de-
| ſtroyed many holy Temples that had never been touched before : as the Temple of the Twins in the
Ifke of Cxaros, the Temple of Samorbracia, the Temple of Earth in the Ciry of Hzxm1oN, and
the Temple of /£/cxlapins in Epridaurum : the Temples of Neptune in Is Thos, TANARI 4
& þ a
— _— — —
%-P OMPEIUS
_— -
— — —— —
other, the Myſtery of 445 hres , whuch is the Sun : and remaineth yer in being unto this day,
being firſt ſhewed by them. But beſides all theſe inſolent parts and injuries they did the Romans
upon the Sea, they went aland, and where they found any houſes of Pleaſure upon the Sea-coaſt,
they ſpoyled and deſtroyed them : and on a time they rook two ROMAN Prxtors, Sexri/ius and
Beliinws , being in their Purple Robes , with their Sergeants and Officers attending on them , and
carried them quite. away. Another time allo they ſtole away the Daughter of eAxtonius ( 2 man
that had received honour of Triumph ) as ſhe. went a walking abroad in the Fields, and ſhe was re-
deemed for a great ſum of Money, But yet the greateſt ſpite and mockery they uſed to the Ro-
MANS , Was this, that when they had taken any of them, and. that he cried he was a Citizen of
Rome, and named his name: then. they madeas though they had been amazed, and afraid of that
they had done. For they clapped their hands ontheir thighes, and fell down on their knees before
him, praying him to torgive thens, The poor. Priſoners thought they had doneit in good earneſt,
ſeeing they -bumbled themliclves as though they ſeemed feartull, For ſome of them came unto him,
and put ſhooes on his feer : cthers clapr a Gown vn the back of him aiter the [R014 x faſhion,
for fear ( ſaid they ) leſt he ſhould be miſtaken another time. When they bad plaid ail this pageant,
and mocked him their bellies tull ; at the laſt they caſt out one of their Ship-ladders, and pur hum on
it , and bad him go his way , be thould have no hurt : and if he would not go of himfelf, then they
caſt him over the board by torce., and ſent him packing. Theſe Rovers and Sea-pirates had all the
Sea Mediterraneum at commandment : inſomuch there durſt not a Merchant look out, nor once
traffick that Sea, And this was the onely caule that moved the ROwa ns ( fearing ſcarcity of
Viſuals, and a great dearth ) to ſent Pompey to recover the Signiory again of the Sea from
theſe Pyrates, The firſt man that moved it might be decreed , that Powpey ſhould not be onely
Admirall or Generall by Sea, but fhould have abſolute power to command all manner of perſons
as he thought good , without any account to, be-made of his doings in his charge , was Gabinize,
Pomreys friend. The um of this Decree gave, him full power and abſolute Authority of all the
Sea from Hercules Pillars , and of the main Land, the ſpace of four hundred Furlongs from the
Sea, ( for the Romans Dominions at that timie in-few placts went further then that : notwith-
ſtanding within that compaſs were many great Nations and mighty Kings. ) | urthermore, ir gave
him power to chooſe of the Senate fifteen- Lieutenagits,,. to .giye unto every one of them ſeverall
Provinces in charge , according to his diſcretion: and alſo to take money out of che Treaſure, of the
and CALABRIA : and.the Temples of Apolo in AcT1un , in the Iſle of Leucants : the
Temples of wo in SAMOs , in ARGOS , and in LucaNn1a. They had alſo many ſtrange Sacri-
fices and certain Ceremonies of Religion among themſelves, in the Mount Olymps, and among
The Pirarcs
ſcorning of ths
Remans,when
they were ta-
ken.
Gabinius Lat
for Pompcys
Authority a-
gainlt the Pi-
rates,
generall Receivers of the State , to-deiray the;charges of a Heetjof two hundred (ail , with fult power
beſides to leavie what men of- War he thought-good , and as many Galliots and Marriners as he
lifted. This Law when it bad bech read over among them, the People confirmed:it with very good!
will. Yet the Noble-men and chict of the Senate thought that this Authority did nor-onely exceed
all envy, tut alſo that ic gave them apparent cauſe of tear., to give ſuch abſolute power unto a:
private perſon. Whereupon they: were, all. againſt.[.ir but Ce/ar., who favoured the Decree, not fo'
much to pleaſure Pompey as the People .,, whaſe-favour, he ſought. The Noblemen fell marvel-
louſly out with Pumpey : and-at-the length -one-of the Conſuls was very hot with him, and told hin
be looked: to fellow Roms ls fteps, but peradyenture he would come thort- of that end he made.
Thereupon the People thought to have killed him. After that ;, Cat»{us ftood:up to' ſpeak againſt
this Edit, The People at the firſt heard hjm quietly , becauie 'he was a worthy man. . Then he hes
gan without-any ſhew of enyie , to ſpeak many. goodly_ things in the praiſe of Pompey , and-in
fine, adviſed the People: to {pare him, and nor to: venture in ſuch dangerous Wars.( one after a--
nother )-a 'man' of ſo {great account , 45 they ought-ro make of him. - 1t ye chance tolofe him, faid
he, whom have you. then. ro put. in his place 2 Fhe People theft cried our: Yaur ſelf. Then per-"
ceiying thar he: toft his labour, ſeeking to turn. the People from their determination, he left ix there;
ahd ſaid no»-more; Ro/crig xolencxt aiter him ta.ſpeak , but he could have no--audience. Whenhe
faw that.tie:could nat be'heard , be made a fign with his fingers, that they ſhould not give Pewm-
pe3 alone this Authoriry,, -but joyn another: with him. The People being offended withall mide. fuch-
an outcry! bþon ct , that'a Crow flying over the Market-place at that inftant;;-was ftricken blind
and fell down:amongſ the -People.. - 'Whereby ir appeareth that a fowl falling -our- vf the airtathe
ground, didnor fall for thatthe/air is brokep or. pierced with any force or>fury :: bur becaulethe very!
breath'of the Voice (when'it cometh with-ſuch a violence , as it maketh a very-Tempeſt in the Air)
doth ſtrikezand overcome: item. Thus forubat day,the Aſſembly:brakeup, andnothing /paſt-:. and at
' the day appointed when this Decree ſhould 'paſs by Voices of the People, Pa#prji went abroad mio
the Countreyl> Thexe bring ;advertiſed that the, Decree was paſt for the confirmation of his charge,
he returned aghin: char night .inzo the City, becauſe he would avoid the'envy they would have born!
him to have:leen them run-our of all parts of: ihe. Ciry unto. bim,, to bave waited on him. homie.
The next 'morning he.came:abroad , and ſacrificed unto rhe gods : and audience being given: hin
at an open Aſſembly ; tie: bandled che matter ſo, that they -gave him many. zhings beſides ro» ens:
large his power almoſt. doubling the preparation ſet. down. and; appointed at- the firſt Decree.
For he ordained that the Common- wealth -ſhould arm him five hundred Ships, and they leavied
for him fx-ſcore thouſand: Footmen , and five:thouſand Horſmen, and chole. beſides four and
twenty Senators , Which: had every one 0f'4hemt been-Generals of Armies , and two geterall Trea-
Ar the Voice
of the Peop.e,
a Crow flying
fell down. --*
Pompeys pres
paration a-
gaioſt the .
Pirates.
Z z ſurers *
#
—
- ” y”_—— — —_—_— —— —
L —- :
-
C2
536 PÞOMPEIUS.
ſurers alſo. While things were thus a- preparing , the price of ViRuals fell by chance, which rejoy-
ced the People ſo much , that they ſtuck not ro ſay, that the Name of Pompey onely had already
ended this War, This notwithſtanding , he divided all the Sea between the Lands into thirteen Re-
gSjons, and Mn every of them he appointed a certain number of his Ships, and moreover one of his
Lieutenants over them. Thus baving diſperſed his power all abroad , he brought all the Pyrates
Sbips that were in a Fleet together, within his danger : and when he had taken them, he broughe
them all into a Dock. Now for them that had diſperied themſelves betimes , or that otherwiſe could
ſcape his generall chaſe they fled all intoC1t1cia , as Bees into the Bee-hive, againſt whom he
would needs go himſelf in perſon with rhreeſcore of his beſt Ships. Howbeit he cared not though
he wetſt not before he had ſcoured all the Thus can Sea, the Coaſts of Ly 14a, SaRDinia,
SICILE , and of CORs1CA, of all thoſe Theeves which were wont to keep thereabouts , and
this he did within: forty days ſpace , taking infinite pains, both himſelf and his Lieutenants. Now
when one of the Conſuls called P;/o , did all the beſt he cou'd ro hinder Powpeys preparation , and had
diſcharged his Oar-men , for that he envied Powpeys proſperity : Pompey ſent His Ships before 0
make towards ITALY to arrive at the City of BxuxnDus1um. He in the mean time went through
THusCAN to ROME, where, ſo ſoon as his coming was known , all the People ran out to
meet him , as if he had been ablent a long time : and that which made the People more joyfull to ſee
him , was the ſudden change of Victuals unlooked for , that daily came to the Town out of all
7 VERNE parts.. But Pi/o went near to be deprived of his Conſulſhip : for Gabinixs had the Decree written,
*Þ ——_ and ready to preſent to the People, But Pompey would not ſuffer it, So, having gently brought all
Piſo, te paſs as he defired , he went unto the ry of BruxDus1uMm ,.and there took Sea , and hoiſed
| ſail. Now though his haſty Voyage, and ſhortneſs of time made him paſs by many good Cities
without coming into them : notwithſtanding , he would not ſo paſs by the City of ATHENS , but
landed there, and after he had ſacrificed to the gods , returned to imbark again. At his going
out of the City , he read two Writings that were made' in his praiſe , the one within the Gate which
ſaid thus :
The hambler that thou deeſt thy ſelf as man behave , -
| The more thou dorſ# deſerve the N ame of God to have :
And the other Writing was withoutthe Gate, which. ſaid,
* We wiſht for thee, we wit for thee , **
» | We Worſhip thee , wewait on thee,
Now becauſe Powpey having taken in of theſe. Rovers by: Sea that kept together , did uſe them
' getuly when they required pardon, and having their: Ships and bodies in his power , did them no
burt at all : their other Companions being in-goovd hope of his mercy, fled from his other Cap-
taits and Lieutenants , and went and yeelded themſelves, their Wives and Children into his hands.
ty pardoned all-them that came 'in of themſelves , and by that means he came to have know-
ledge of the reſt ,and to follow them where they went, whom he took in the end : but knowing
thas they 'deſerved no pardon , thew-hid themſelves. Yet the moſt part and the richeſt of them,
had- conveyed their Wives, Children and Goods, and all other” their Family unmeer for Wars,
into ſtrong Caſtles and little Towns upon -Mount Taxrw : and ſuch men as were able to carry
Weapons, imbarked ,' and lay before -a 'City of CORact $ 1am, where they tarried Pompey , and
gave him Battell firft by Sea, and-there were overcome , and afterwards they were beſieged by Land.
Howbeit ſhortly after, they prayed they might be received to mercy, and thereupon yeelded their
Bodies., Towns, and Iflands, which _—_ fortified ,and were hard to haye taken and worſe to
have/approached. Thus was this War , and all the Pyrates in lefs then three Moneths driven
The Vitory fromthe Sea wherefoever they were; He wan alſo a great number of other Ships, beſides four-
of Pompcy upon ſcore and' ten Galies armed with Copper Spurs. Ari touching the men whom had- taken
the Pirates. ( who were in number above twenty thouſand perſons ): he did not onely conſider whether he ſhould
put'them to death, but alſothought it no wiſe part on the other fide go let them go at liberty, to ga-
cher:force/again , being ſo great a'number of them -as indeed they were; and all poor menand Soul-
diers. Therefore.weighing with himfelfthat man by nature is not born-a-wild or a ſavage beaſt, 'bur
contrarily becometh a bruit beaſt changing nature , when hefallerh ro Vice : and again is made tame
ahdeivill in time, changing place and manner of life'z'(-as'the bruit beaſts thar'being wild by: nature
. do alſo become gentle and tractable. ,. with gentler uſage by continuance} he derexrmined.to draw theſe
How men are; Pyrates from the Sea into the upland, and make them feel the true and innocent life.,' by:dwelling in
tamed, Towns, and manuring the Ground; ': Some vf them therefore he placed in' certain ſmall Towns of
the C1LICIANS, that were ſcant! inhabited , and were'very glad of them , giving them. Land to
keep them with, The Ciry of the'S0x.r ans alſo, that not; long before bad” been; deſtroyed by Tigra-
x-rthe King of ARME N14, being defirous co repleniſh that again , he placed many of/them there.
He-beſtowed diversalſo/in the City of 'Dy 14 in the Cauntrey of Ac#aia,which arthge time lacked
Inhabitancs,and had great tore of very good Land. Now therefore his Enemies reprovedhim greatly ,
andforthat he did in Car a, they CG his beſt and greateſt Friends miſliked him; For Aere#s
: thar gentle perſon (a coulin to that Aſerel/us which was his Colleague , and made Wats in Sea 1N
with him againſt Sertor1.0) was ſent Pretor nto.Crpy a before Pompey was choſen Generall againſt
the:Pyrates. This C&tT a,next unto CIt1cta , wastven'a ſecond Den of Pyrates. Adrredrs finding
' there x 'great number of theſe Theeves, rook many efthetti and put them to'death,even all that came to
his ttands, - Then, fuch-as kad ſcaped'from him, being! ftraighrly-belicged; ſent unro Powpey to pray _
@ 0
FP O0MPEIUS:
537
precin& of his charge ;* becauſe all parrs of that Region from the Sea , came juſt withinthe compaſs
of pard
limited him on the Land. Pompey po_—_y them upon their ſubmiſſion, wrote unto Mere; and
ro mercy : declaring unto him , that the Iſle of Cz 4 was within the
Pompeys lewd
FaR againſt
commanded him to leave off his War , and therewithall charged all the Cities, that they ſhould not Merellus,
obey Merellus Commandments. After that he ſent Lucius Ottavis one of his Lieutenants, who en-
tred into the Towns Mere#ms belieged , and fought (or the Pirates, This made Pompey not onely hated
and envied, but derided alſo : for that under his Name he had prote&ed ſuch vile - that had
neither God nor Law , and given them his Authority to ſave their lives, for a little envy and emula-
tion he bare unto eMerelws. And therefore they rightly reprove Acl:i/les, and fay that he ſhewed noe
the part of a wiſe man, butof a young fool belides himſelf, for deſire of Glory making a ſign to the
GRECIANS , forbidding them to ſtrike at Hefor, to the end that as Homey ſaid :
Leſt | e too Late ſhould to the Battell run,
When others had the Honour of it won.
But Pompeys Fact was worſe then this: for he fought for the common Enemies of the World,
and onely to deprive a ROMA N Prztor of Triumph , who had done great good ſervice to have
deſtroyed them. This notwithſtanding , Metres left nor, off his War for Pompey: Letters , bur
having taken the Pirates by aſſault , he pot them to death : and afterwards having done Oftavine
open ſhame through his Camp , he ler him go. When News came to ROME; that the Pirates
War was brought to good end , and that Pompey having no other ſervice in hand , went
viſiting the Cities up and down , one Manlixs a Tribune of the People , put forth another
Decree unto them of this effect ; That Pompey taking all the Army Zucullws had, and the Pro-
vinces under his Government , with all BitHyN1a , which Glbrio kept , ſhould go make
War upon the Kings, Tigranes and Muthridates , keeping in his hands notwithſtanding all his
Achilles dil-
honeſt Fa&.
Pompey appoitt-
ted Lucullus
Succeflor.
juriſdition and Army by Sea,in as Royall manner as he had ir before. 1n fine, this was even to make .
one man Monarch and abſolute Prince of all the Roman Empire, For by this ſecond Decree,
he had all theſe Countries, not named in his former Commiſlion ; added to amplifie his Authori-
ty, as PhRYGIA, LyCAONI1A , GALATIA , CAPPADOCIA, CILICIA , high Coicaina
and ARMENIA , With all the Armies and Forces with the which he had overcome thoſe rwo mighty
Kings, Then the Senate ſtuck not ſo much atthe injury that was offered unto Luculus , deprivi
him of the honour of his doings, to give it to another , that ſhould rather ſucceed him in honour
of Triumph', then in danger of Wars, knowing that they did him too manifeſt injury ; and
ſhewed themſelves too unthankfull : but that which moſt grieved them , was to ſee Pompeys power
eſtabliſhed in a plain tyranny; Hereupon therefore one of chem perſwaded and encouraged another,
ſtoutly to withſtand this edict , and not to ſuffer their liberty.to be loſt inthis ſort. Notwuhſtanding,
when the day came that this Decree ſhould paſs, they were lo afraid to anger the People , that
their hearts failed them , and none durſt ſpeak againſt it butCata/# ohely , that earneſtly inveyed
againſt the paſling of ir a long time together, and greatly blamed the People. Ar che length, per-
ceiving he had won never a man to take his part , he oftentimes cried out to the Senate, that th
ſhould look to ſeek out ſome Mountain or high Rock to retire ſafely unto, to defend their liberty ,
2s their Anceſtors had done in old time before them. All this prevailed not ; for the Decree paſſed
by the voices of all the Tribes, as it isreported. And thus was Pompey in his abſence niade Lord al-
moſt of all that , which Sy//a by force of Arms, and by great effuſion'of Bloud ( having made
himſelf Lord of ROME ) had before in his Power. When Pompey had received Letters from Row,
advertiſing him what the People had paſt in that behalf., ſome ſay thatat the receir of them in the
prefehnce of bis-familiar . Friends that were about him , and rejoyced with him.for .congratulation, he
Knit bis browes , and clapped on bis thigh ; as though it grieved hitn marvelloully to have ſuch great
Offices and charge laid upon him ,. one in the neck of another , and burſit:forth in thefe. words :
O gods ;-ſhall-I never ſee'an end of ſuch -a world of troubles as I have ! Had it not been better for
me to have"been a mean man born and unknown , then thus continually robe in War with Ar-
niour on my back ? What , ſhall I never ſee the time , that breaking 'the necks of ſpite and envy
Finſt' me ;' I' may yer once in my life live quietly at home in my Countrey. with my Wife and Chil-
en? When Pompey ſpake thoſe words , his familiar Friends could not abide to fee his deep diifi-
mulation';/ khowing that befides-his naturall ambition ,::and coverous defire:to.rule ; he-was glad in
his heart! that he! had: his Charge , for the contention that' was betwixt himand L=catzs:! which his
deeds forthwith bewrayed. For he preſently ſent our Precepts into everyquarter , commanding all
ſorts of Souldiers to come to him immediately , and made aliche'Princes and Kings within precin&
of his Charge/to come-unto him , and going through the'Countries; altered an changed all that
Licwllid had abliſhed before. Furthermore; he did releaſe the penalties'enjoyned them ; and rook
from thert# 4tſo-the Gifts thar Zuculus beftowed on' them.. In fine; this was all his purpoſe and
deſire: to'make'them that honoured Lucxl/ws know ,. that behad/no further power and authority to
do any an Loucullu finding himſelf hardly handled by Pompey , the friends of either fide thought
good they ſhould meet and talk to ::which\came fo —_— for 'they: tee in the Countrey
of Gat4atrs; And becauſe they
Famous AQ, they bad'theiv.
thed all about with 'Lawrelk-Boughs. When. they
-Contrey , all coveredwidrgreen Trees; and Pompey on the/gther fide! had paſſed through a great
ſandy plain, where noTreewas growing. Thercupon Lacultu Sergeants fering the Lawzell _
Wes”. | ZZ 2 ic
The boldneſs
of Catulus in
difſyading
Manlius Law.
Pompeys great
final.
rrell be-
ewixt Pompey
and Lucullus.
borh-were- Captains -of the 'Rowa's' Armies, and had:done many pynyey and
rs-and Officers that carxied the bundels:of Rods before them, wrea- Lucullus, mee:
met., Zycullus came ont of a cloſe and woody ting inCaiaiis.
IN 6 heny of their greenand freth
FJ came tO take Lacs
Pompeys Jour-
ney againſt
Mithridates.
Aithridates
Dream, *
4 A ei k * /
6 «&%
.
Pompey over-
threw Mithri-
dates. abile their
hey; were Hain down right.
Hypficrates
Mithridates
&,_-* Mans hearbedvhercupon
; rayed like: a1man <f aq untill
ian W
neſs like a man
* "
=
SET#T
AT 0
- 4 a
—_
539
7 $ (Obit eonld Kill him.” Thereupon , paſling by'the head of the River of Epbr ates;
© fled'thro gl the” Comntrey'of- COoLcHtDe; In ther mean rime , Pompey invaded* the Countrey
ARMENTA, at the requeſt -vf T3granes the younger", who was revolted-againft his Father, and
went to meet with -Powpey at the River of Araxes, which hat his beginning almoſt about the head
of Euphrates: but it runnab rowards the Eaſt , and falletrh into Aſare- Caſpinrs, Sothey both ro-
gether marched on further into-the Countrey, receiving ſuch Towns as yeelded unto chem. But King
Tioranes ( that not long before had\been conſumed and deſtroyed by Lucy :) underſtanding that
Pompey was of a mtld and gentle nature , he received his Garriſors into his ſtrongeſt | Forts and Roy-
all Houſes, and went himſelf with his Friends-and Kinſmen to meet Pompey”, and to yeeld himſelf
unto him, When he came hard-to his Camp, being on horſ-back , there came out-rwo Sergeants of
Pompeys and commanded him-to light and go in a foor, for there was never man-ſeen a horſ-back with-
in the Romans Camp. ' Tigrares did not ofiely obey theni , bir further plucked off his Sword
Tigranesyeeld-
eth himſelf un.
to Pompey.
and gave itthem :/and in fine , when he came almoſt ro- Pompey, raking of his Royall Hat from his Tigranes laid
head , he would have laid it at Powpeys feer , and falling down moſt ſhamefully on the ground, imbaſed
himſelf to efribrace Pompeys knees. But Pompey himfelf prevented him , and taking - him by the hand ,
made him to fit down by him on the one fide of him , and his Son on the other. Then he ſaid unto
them both : as for the other loſſes you have ſuſtained heretofore, you muſt thank Zucxs for them,
who hath taken from you SYR1a , PHOENICIA, CIL1Ic1A ; GataTIA, and SOrpHENA : bot
for that you have left you till my coming , I will let you enjoy it, paying to the Romans a fine
of ſixthouſand Talents for the injury you had done them , provided alſo, that your Son have the
Kingdom of SoyHENa for his part. Tigranes accepted the Conditions of Peace. The ROM a Ns
then ſalured him King. He was ſo glad thereof, that he promiſed to give every Souldier half a Mina,
every Centiner ten Minas , and to every Colonell of a thouſand men a Talent; His: Son was very angry
withall : inſomuch as Pompey ſending for him to come to Supper to him , he anſwered again, that was
not the friendſhip he looked for at Pompey hands , for he ſhould find many other Row a Ns that
would offer him that courteſie. Pompey for his anſwer , clapped him up as a Priſoner, and kept him
to be led in Triumph at Rome. Shortly after, Phraates King of PaxTHra-fent Ambaſſadours to
Pompey to demand this young Prince, thar was his Son in law, andto- tell him-thar the River of E-
phrates muſt be the uttermoſt Confines of his Conqueſts. Pomp-y anſwered again; that Tigranes had
more right to his Son, then the Father in Law and as for limiting of his Borders, that he would
do it with juſtice. So, leaving Afranius in ARMENIA , to keep the Countrey, - Powpey paſſed by
other Nations which inhabit about Mount” {aucaſms ;| having Afithridates in chaſe :' of which Na-
tions, two of the chiefeſt and of greateſt power”, are the ALBANIans and Isextans. The
FeERI1ANS do ftretch out unto Mount Moſchinm , and to the Realm of PoxnTus, The At na-
NIANS lie towards the Eaſt, and fare Caſpium. 'Thele men firſt ſuffered Pompey to pals through
their Countrey ; upon his ſending to theny, + But 'winter having ſtollen upon the Row a xs while
they were there , and they buſily occupied about Sa#»rres Feaſts : the barbarous People having lea-
vied about forty thouſand fighting men. in -gne*+Camp rogether., came and paſſed over the River of
(yranws, ( This River cometh from the "Mountains: of the Igz&1ans , and receiving the River
ot Araxes into it, which paſſerh through Agaex1a , diſperſed it ſelf into twelve ſeverall Mourhes,
and ſo falleth into Mare {a/piam. Some notwithſtanding hold opinion , that-Cyranus teceived not
the River of Araxes into it, but that it remnetbÞby it ſelf;, and falleth into-the ſame Sea, near unto
the mouthes of the other, ) Pompey might if he would; have kept them from coming over the River,
yet did he ſuffer them quietly to paſs over.. Whenthey wereall over , be went: againſt them, over-
came them in Bartel] , and flew a great number of them in the Field. Afterwards he pardoned their
King , ſubmitting himſelf unto Pompey by his Ambaſſadours , and made Peace with him. Then froth
his Diadem at
Pompeys feet;
Tigranes Son 2
Priſoner,
Ambaſladours
ſent from the
King of Par-
this unto Pom-
pey.
Albanj, and
Theres, whac
manner of
People.
Cyranus ft.
thence he went againſt the IBzR1AaNs , who were no leſs in number then the At Ba x14 ns were Pompey over-
at the firſt , and alſo better Souldiers, and were reſolutely bent to do good ſervice unto Mirhridates Brew the Al-
and to drive out Pompey. Theſe IBtrIans werenever ſubjet to the Empire of the Pzr STAN S,
banians.
hor of the MEeDes , and ſcaped alſo from being ſubje&t tothe MaczpDONn1ans , for that Alex- Pompey over-
andey never ſtaid in the Countrey of Hy x cAN1a : whom allo. Pompey overcame in a great and
came the Ibe-
bloudy Battell, baving ſlain nine thouſand in the Field, and raken ten thouſand Priſoners. From thence om
he went inte the Countrey of Co.cxips. There Servilizs mer him by the River of Phaſis, with Phaſes ff
the Fleet 'of Ships with the which he kept all e2ſare Ponticum. Now to follow Arhridates further;
who had hid himſelf kmongſt a People that were neighbours unto the ſtraights of Bos pxorus, and
the Mariſhes Aſeorid-s he found it a hard piece of work. Furthermore alſo, he had news thatthe' 71, 4154nizes
ALBANTANs-were rebelled again , which drew him back to be revenged of them. Thereupon he rebell againſt
paſſed
had made'a ſtrong defence a great way along the River fide, with ainarvellous number of great Trees,
feld and layed atroſs' one over another, }urthermore , when he:had with. great difficulty patſed
through: them”, he fell inco an ill-favoured Countrey, where he -ſhould-cravell a great way befpre-
he could- come'to? any Water. Thereupon he cauſed ren thouſand Goars Skins to be filled with
Water, and 6" went forward to meet with his Enemies whom:.be found by. the River of eAbas,
being fix ſcore” thouſand Foormen , and twelve thouſand Horſmen ,: but all:.'( or the moſt of
them )-ill-armed-with wild Beaſts Skins. Their Chieftain was: Cofsc the Kings own Brother,
He , when the Bartell was ;, flew upon Pompey, and threw a Dart.athim, and hurt him jnthe
Flanck.” Pimpey on the other fide, ran him through with his- Lance on bogh: fides., and —
ark
Zr 3
aln-over the River of Cy-1nw , with great pain and danger , becauſe the barbasous People- Pompey.
4 fl,
546 PO MP EP
ET —
| ſtark dead. Some ſay alſo , that there were certain AMazONEs at ti | |
Pompey flew the barbarous Peoples fide , coming from the Mountains that run along ahe*River. of Thirmadon..
—_ ef For , after the! Qverthrow given, the ROMA ns ſpoyling the dead , tound Targers and BusKins
Albanians, Of the AmazQNzs, but nor a body of a Woman among them, . They alſo do.inhabite on the
The Ame. fideof the Mauntain Caucaſus that looketh tawards Jſare Hircaninm ,/ arid do not border upon the
Tones. ALBANIANS : but the GELE and the LeGeLEs are between them, , with whom they compa-
Gele and Lege- ny two Moneths onely every year , meeting together by the River of Thermedos : all the reſt of
IIS that the year they live apart by themſelves. After this Battell , Pompey going. to invade the Countrey of
wich __— ab HyRcANIA , as far as Mare (aſpinm , he was compelled to go -back again - for the infinite
once. number of deadly yenomous Serpents which he met with , being come within, three days journey of
Thermodon fl. it, So he returned back again-into ARMENIA the leſs, and there received Preſents which were
ſent unto him from the Kings of the ELYMians and the MEDEs., and wrote very courteouſly
unto them again : howbeit he ſent 4franixs with part of his Army againſt the King of the Pax-
THIANS , Who had invaded the Countrey of GorRD1NEa, and harried and ſpoyled the King T;-
granes Subjets. Notwithſtanding he* drave him out , and followed him unto Ar1EL1T1DE,
Furthermore , all the Lemnians and Concubines of King Afithridates being brought unto Pompey,
he would touchnone of them, bur ſent them all home again to their Parents and Friends , becauſe
the moſt of them were either the Daughters of Princes, of Noblemen, or of Captains, Notwith-
Stratonice Mi- ſtanding g Srratonice that of all the reſt of his Lemnans had moſt credit about Aerhridates, unto
Bb _ chief whom he had left the Charge of his Caſtle, where the greateſt part of his Treaſure of Gold and Silver
_ lay , was a Singers Daughter , who ( as they ſaid ) was not rich, but an old man. She having ſung
onenight before Afithridates, being at Supper , he'fell- in ſuch fancy with ber , that he would needs
have ber lie with him the ſame night , and the old man her Father went home offended, becauſe the
King would not ſo much as give him.one gentle word. But the next morning when he aroſe, he
marvelled to ſee. the Tables in his Houle full of Plate of Gold and Silver, and a great company of
Serving-men , Grooms of Chamber and Pages , and-that they had brought him marvellous rich Ap-
parell, and a Horſe ready at the Gates bravely furniſhed,as the Kings Familiars did uſe when they went
abroad into the City : 'he thought it was done in mockery, to have made ſport with him , and therefore
would have run his way , had not the Serving-men kept him, and told him that they were a great rich
. mans goods that died of late , which the King had beſtowed on him , and that all this he ſaw, was but a
litcle Portion -in. reſpe& of the other Goods and Lands he gave him. So the old man believing them,
at the length did- pur on this Purple: Gown they brought bim, and got up on Horſeback , and riding
| through the Streets cried , All this is mine, all this is mine, Certain laughing him to ſcorn for it, he
Pompeys abſti= told them ; Maſters, ye may not wonder to heap me thus crie out, but. rather, that I throw not Stones
_— now ©2- at rhem I meer, I am ſo mad for joy. Such was S:ratonices Birth and Parentage, as we have told you,
"ls 0 21% She did then deliver this Caftle into Powpeys hands, and offered him many goodly rich Preſents, bur
he would take none of them , other then ſuch as ſerved to, adorn the Temples of the gods, and to
beautifie his Triumph, and left all the reſt with Szratgrice her (elf, to diſpole as ſhe thought good,
_ Inlike manner alſo.; the King ofthe Is er1a n 5, having ſent him a Bed-ſtead , a Table, and a Chair
of-clean Gold, praying him to take it as a remembrance from him - he delivered it over unto the
Whe Treaſurers cuſtody.,'to be accountable for it pnto'the Senate, In another Caſtle called Cexoz, he
—_— . © found certain ſecret Letters ſent from Aithridates , which pleaſed him marvelloully to read, -be-
" ' Cauſe thereby he plainly underſtood the Kings 'nature' and inclination, For in them were men=
tioned that he had poyſoned ( befides many other ) Ariarathes his own Son , and Alcews the
SARDINIAN, becauſe he had won: the , at the Horſ-race before him. There was alſo in-
terpreting of Dreams, that cither himſe]f or his Wives had dreamed ,and alſo Love-letters betwixt
Rutilius an © Aſonzme and him. Theophanes wrizeth alſo, that there was found an Oration of R#::l;s, in the which
Hiftoriogta- * he enticed and perſwaded ithridates to put all the Romans to death that were in As1a. Hows-
Pher. beit-in reaſon men think that this was aſhamefull lie ; maliciouſly deviſed by Theophanes , who hated
Ratilizs, becauſe he was but a counterfeit ro him : or peradventure to gratifie Pompey , whoſe
Father R#ri/i« in his Hiſtories deſcribed to be as wicked a man as ever lived. Thence Pompey de-
"A FAY parted-towards the City' of AM1sus. There bis ambition brought him to commit ſuch Facts, as he
ompejs u'*+ himſelf did condemn before in Lucallrs : for that his 'Enemy being yer alive ; he took upon him
ro-eſtabliſh Laws ,'to' give Gifts, and diſtribute ſuch Honours , as Captains that had obtained Vi-
ory were wont to do , when they bad ended all War and trouble. For he himſelf ( eFrbridates
. beipg yet theſtronger inthe Realm of Bos exORus , and having a great puiſſant Army about him )
_. did all chat which he reproved another f6r , appointing Provinces , and giving out Gifts to every man
: according as hedeſerved : to grarifie twelve barbarous Kings , with divers other Pririces , Lords
and. Captains that came' to him-thither. Writing alſo to the King of Par TH14, he diſdained to
a : give hjm that Title, which others were wont to do in the direQtion of their Letters, calling him
wo ne rc, King-of Kings. Furthermore , he had a- wonderfull great defire to win SYR14, and to go through
7 J'"* the; Cbuntrey of ARABIA , evenunts the red Sea , becauſe he might enlarge bis Conqueſts and Vi-
QFories every my even unto the great Sea Oceanum that compaſſeth all the whole Earth. For in Ly-
BIA, he was the firſt. ROMA n.that conquered all to the great Sea, On the other fide, in SyarN
heenlarged the Empire of RO -and brought the Confines thereof unto. Mare Arlanticum. And
thirdly , baving lately the AzB4 x1ans inchaſe, he came almoſt.unto. Mare Hyrianinm.. Thus be
uſe he. ſaw Mitbri-
dates
put himſelf in Journey:;- intending his- circuit wito the red Sea. , ſpecially becauſ
: : up, 2,
WTDAS
OMPEIUS 7
. 5 41
- Are follow ang worſe ro overcome by force when he fled, then when he fought any Bat-
cle andthat madechim"fay, that be would leave a ſharper Enemy behind him then himſelt . and
that he meant Famine, For he appointed Souldiers with ſufficient number of Ships, to lie in "wait
for the Merchants that ſailed to the Countrey of Bos y4o rus, to carry them any Vitals or other
Merchandizes, prohibiting them upon pain of death that ſhould attempt it. The he went for-
ward with the beſt part of his Army , and in his way, found the bodies of the dead Roma xs
which eHithridates had overthrown under the leading of 7riarins their Captain, and were yet un- Pompey
buried. So he cauſed them all to be taken up, and honourably buried. Lucxllus having forgotten, brought ria
or otherwiſe neglected ro do it, in my conſcience that was the chiefeſt cauſe why. his men did hate intorhe torme
him. Pompey now having by Afranius ſubdued the Axa 21a ns dwelling about Mount Amanus _ ha oy
went himſelf in Perſon into SYRIA , and made a Government and Province of it , being won to el _
the Roman Empire , for that it lacked a lawſull King: and conquered all lugs. alſo, where he :
rook King Ariſtobxlus , and builded certain C ities there, and delivered others alſo from bondage,
which by Tyrants were forcibly kept , whom he chaſtiſed well enough. Howbeit he ſpent the moſt
part of his time there , deciding of Controverſies , pacifying of Contentions and quarrels by Ar-
bitrement , which fell our betrwixt the free Cities, Princes and King, and ſent of his Friends into thoſe
places where he could not come himſelf, For on a time when he was choſen Arbitrator betwixr
the PARTHIANS and the ARMENIANS, touching the Tule of a Countrey which both parties
claimed , he ſent three Commiſſioners thither 10 judge definitively betwixt them both, If Pom eys Pompeys Veri
fame and renown were great , no leſs was his Vertue , Juſtice and Liberaliry , which indeed did hide tes. :
many faults , his friends and Familiars about him did commir. For truly he was of ſo gentle a nature
that he could neither keep them from offending , nor yet puniſh them when they had.offended-
Notwithſtanding, he did uſe them ſo well that complained unto him , or that had to deal with
bim in any matter , that he made them contented patiently to bear their covetouſneſs and ſtraighr
dealing. - One of his chiefeft Familiars about him whom he loved beſt, was called Demerrius a I power and
bondman infranchiſed , who otherwiſe was very diſcreet in his doings, but being ſomewhat roo bold I
of his good fortune ; of him they make this mention. Caro the Philoſopher being at chat time a eompeye in-
young man, yet of good judgement and of a noble mind, in Pompey: ablence went to ſee the City fratichiſed
of ANT10CH.- Now for himſelf, his manner was always to go on foot, and all his friends be. dondman;
fides that did accompany him to honour him , were on Horſ-back. He perceiving afar off, a great
ſort of People coming towards him all in white , and of one ide of the Street little hildren, and on
the other Boyes , round about him as in a ring : at the firſt he was angry withall . thinking t
had done it for his ſake to honour him , that they made this Proceſſion, which he inno wiſe would
have had done. Thereupon he commanded his Friends to light from their Horſes, and go on foor
with him. But when they came near to the Gate of the City, the Maſter of the Ceremonies that led
this Proceſlion , having a Garland on his Head , and a Rod in his hand, came unto them,and asked
them , where they had left Demetrius , and when he would come? (aro's Friends laughed ro hear |
this queſtion : chen ſaid Catos, Alas poor City - and ſo paſſed by.it, Notwithſtanding, Pompey Cato'rexcla- '
himſelf was cauſe that Demetrixs had the lefs ill will born him , then otherwiſe he ſhould have mation agaialt
had : becauſe they ſaw how boldly he would uſe Pompey , and how. well he would take it withour 2977s »
offence, It is reported , that when Pompey oftentimes had bidden ſome to Dinner or Supper ; while Hr 4
he was entertaining and welcoming of them, and would tarry till they were all come :: Demetrius bandman.
would be ſet at the Board, and preſumpruoully have his Head covered even to the very ears.
And furthermore, before he rerurned into ITALy out of his Journey, he had already purchaſed
the goodlieft Houſes of Pleaſure, and faireſt Walkes that were about Rows, and had ſumptuous
Gardens alſo, the which the People commonly called , Demerrius Gardens : though his Maſter Pom-
pey was but meanly houſed ill his third Conſulſhip, Howbeit afterwards , be built -rhat famous ; RN:
ſtately Theater , called Powpeys Theater ; and joyned untothat alſo another Houſe ; as a Pent-houſe ©9"*75 The-
to his Theater , far more ſumptuous and ately then the'firſt, and yet no more theti rieeded; In.
ſomuch as he that was Owner of it after him, when he came into ir, he marvelled, and asked where-
abouts it was that Powypey dined and ſupped. Theſe things are reported. thus. Now the King of 54. v7.0 o
the ARABIANS, that dwelt about the Caſtle called Pezra , having never untill that time made as
-any account of the Romans Army was then greatly afraid of them, and wrote unto Pompey, Peti4 ſubmits
that he was at his devotion, to do what he would command him. Pompey thereupon to prove him , <th bimlelf 6
whether he meant as he ſpake , brought his Army before this Caſtle of Perrxa, Howbeit this * 92%:
Voyage was not liked of many men , becauſe they. judged it was an occaſion found out toleave fol-
lowing of Aithridates , againſt whom they would have had him rather have bent his force , being an
ancient Enemy to ROME and that began to gather ſtrength again, and prepared ( as they heard ſay)
to lead a great Army through ScyTH14 and PANNONIA into ITALY. But Pompey thinkin
he ſhould ſooner diminiſh his power by ſuffering him co go on with Wars, then that he ſhould
otherwiſe be able to take him flying : would not toil to follow him in vain, And for theſe cauſes
he would needs make Wars in other places, and linger time fo long : that inthe end he was put by
his hope, For when- he was not far from the Caſtle of Perrs, and had lodged his Camp for that
day : as he was riding and mannaging his Horſe up and down the Camp, poſts came flinging ro him
from the Realm of PoxTus ; and brought him good news, as was eafily to be diſcerned afar off
by the heads of their Javelings, which were wreathed about with Lawrell Boughs. The Souldiers
perceiving that, flocked ſtraight about him ; but Pompey would make an end of bis riding ta ”
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pon to ſpeak unto them ; and again , the Souldiers would not tarry the making of one after the
manner of their 'Camp , which men of War do make themſelves, with great Turves of Earth,lay-
mg one of them” ypon another :- but for haſte and earneſt defire they had to hear what news there
wasin the Letters, they layed together a heap of Saddles one upon another, and Powpey getting up
Mithridates © * gn them, told how Mithridates was dead, and had killed himſelf with his own hands , becauſe his
death. ” Son Phar#aces did rebell againft him, and had won all that which his Father poſſeſſed : writirg
unto him , that he kept it for' himſelf and the Romans, Upon theſe news, all the Camp, ye
--may imagine , made wonderfull joy , and did Sacrifice tothe gods , giving them thanks-and were as
merty as-if in &ithridates Perſon alone , there had died an infinite number of their Enemies,
Pompey by this occaſion , having brought this War more eaſily to paſs then he hoped for , de-
parted preſently, out of AKaB14;, and having ſpeedily in few days paſſed through the Countries
lying by the- way , he cameat length to the City of Am1sus. There he found great Preſents that
were, brought unto him from Pharnaces, and _ dead bodies of the Kings Bloud,and amongft
the reſt, Mithrigdates Corps , which would not well be diſcerned by his Face, becauſe they that had
the carrying of his Body had forgotten to drie up the brain : nevertheleſs, ſuch as deſired to ſee
him , knew him by certain ſcars he had in his Face. For Pompey would in no wiſe ſee him : but
to. avoid" envy , ſent him away unto the City of SyNOPE, He wondered much at the marvellous
The value of ſampruous-rich Apparell-and Weapons that he wore. The ſcabbard of his Sword ( which coft
Mithridates four hundged Talents ) was ſtolen by Pablixs, and fold to Ariarathes. Alfo a Hat of Aithridates, -
00 Y of his ,f wondfrftl workmanſhip , being begged of Caixs his Foſter-brother was ſecretly given to Fau-
car ſus the $pri'of Sylla, without Pompes privity, But afterwards when Pharnaces underſtood of ir,
he puniſhed the'parties that had imbezelled them. Pompey having ordered all things, and eſtabliſhed
that Provitice, went' on his Journey homewards with greater Pomp and Glory. So coming unto
Pompeys reviirn MT TYLENE , he releaſed the City of all Taxes and Payments for T heophanes ſake , and was preſent
ont of Aſia, * ' at a certain Play they yearly make for Games, where the Poets report their Works contending one
++" with'anorher\, having at that time no other matter in hand , but Powpeys AQts and Gefts. Pompey
| 7 liked: exceeding well of the Theater,where theſe Plays were made,and drew a Modell or Platform of
it, ro make a ftatelier then that im Rome. As he paſſed by the City of Rx0Des, he would needs
kere all the-Rhetpritians diſpute, and gave every one of them a Talent. Poſidenims had written the
diſputati6ti he made before Pompey , againſt Hermagoras the Rhetoritian , upon the theam and pro-
poſition Pompey himſelf did give them , touching the Generall queſtion. Pompey did the like at A-
THEN unto the Philoſophers there. For he gave towards the re-edifying of the City again , fifty
Talents. So he thought at his return home into IT aLy , to have been very honourably received ,
and longed to be at home to ſee his Wife and Children , thinking alſo that they long looked for him :
bur the god that hath the charge given him co mingle Fortunes proſperity with ſome bitter ſop of
Mutia, the * adverſity , laid a block in his way at home in his own Houſe to make his return more ſorrowtull,
gz; cog For tia his Wife had in his abſence played falſe at Tables, But Powpey being then far off,
Ap made nv” account 'of the reports nor tales that were told him. Howbeit , when hedrew near unto'
Pompey for. ITALY , and that he was more attentive to give ear to the ill reports he heard, then he ſent unto
ſook his Wife © her to tell her, that he refuſed her for his Wife , writing nothing to her at that time , neither ever
Murla. after told' the cauſe why he had forſaken her. Notwithſtanding, in Cicero's Epiſtles, the cauſe
appeareth, ,' Furtherniore , there were rumors ran abroad in Rome , which troubled them ſore,
being given out that he would bring his Army ſtraight ro Rot, and make himſelf abſolute Lord of
all the ROWAN” = (raſſzs thereupon , either for that he believed it indeed .to be true, or
Banderas” 4 (as.it was tho! 'to make the accuſation true , and theenvy towards Peavey the greater, convei-
90h ba ed himſelf}, his fainily and goods ſuddenly out of Rome, So Pompey when he came into ITALY,
Afa dilchar- called all his Souldiers ys and after he had made an Oration unto them, astime and occaſion
ged his Soul- - required; he commanded them to ſever themſelves, and every man to repair home to apply his
diers. ...:. -.': buſineſs, remietiibring to meet at ROME together at the day of his Triumph, His Army beingthus
+"... diſperſed, and ſtraight reported abroad for news, a marvellous thing happened unto him. The Cities
_ -* > ſeeing Pompey the Great withour Souldiers , having but a ſmall train about him of his familiar Friends
Pompeys ho- - onely', went all 6f 'them to meet him, not as though he were returned home from his great Conqueſts,
nourable re= _byt from ſome Journey taken fot his pleaſure, Such was the love of the People ro him, that they
wr c the accompanied him to RoME , whether he would or not, with a greater power then that he had brought
ry fs © intoITALY : fſothat if he had” beendiſpoſed-ro-have made any innovation in the Common-wealth,
Triumph. Hliehad nor needed his Army. In thoſe days there was a Law : that no man ſhould enter into Roms
before his Triumph : whereupon Pompey ſent to the Senate, to pray them to defer the chuſing of
Conſuls for a few days, becauſe he might be preſent to further P;/o, who ſued for the- Confulſhip that
year. They denied him his requeſt,by (ats's means that hindred it, Pompey marvelling to hear of the
boldneſs and plain ſpeech , which' he onely uſed of all other to defend his juſt Cauſes , had a marvel-
Cato reſiterh jgyg deſire towin him, and to make him his Friend. So Cato having two Neeces , Pompey, deſired to
_— ali marry the one himſelf, and the other for his Son, But Cato miſtruſting this deſire. of Pompey, that it -
; was a colour onely to win and cofrupt him , denied him flatly, His Wife and Siſter on the other fide,
they were angry with him for” refuſing ro make alliance with Powpey the Great. About that time it
chanced, that Powpey being very deſirous to: prefer Afr aniu to be Conſull, he cauſed certain Money
A eo
"voy
"7
EV
POMPEIVS. Fr”
to be given among the Tribes of the People, and the (ame was delivered out to ſome , even in his
Gardens, This thing being reported abrgad in the City , every.man ſpake ill of P.m 7 . Tan
the Conſulſhip to. ſale for Money unto thoſe that could nat delerye it by Vertye, ſich hymſelfgnely had
obtained it by purchaſe of many a noble and worthy deed. Then faid Cate to bis Wile and Siſter ;
Lo now , we had been. paxtakers of this fault trop, bad we matched with Pom ex, When they heard is
they confeſſed he had teaſpn to retyle the march, for equity and. bis bonoyr. But now to his Triumph? Pompeys third
Fox the tatelinels and magnificence thereoh, although he bad rwy days ſpace ty ſhew it, yet he lacked Triumph.
rime ; for there were many, things prepared for the Shew , that were nor ſeen , Which would have
ſerved to haye ſer out anorber Trwmph. Firſt chere were, Tables carried, wheregn were written the
Names and Titles of alt the.People and Nations for the whigh he triymped , as theſe that follow : The The Countries
Kingdom of PONTUS, ARMENIA, CAPPADOCIA, PAPHLAGONIA, MEDIA , COLCH1s , Quered by
IB5RIA, ALBANIA , SYRIA, CILICIA , and MESOPOTAMIA : and furthermore the People empey.
that dwell about PHOEN1G1A and PALASTINE, Jub&A , and ArAz1A : and all jhe Pirates
which he had overcome both by Sea and by Land , in all parts of the World. In all theſe Countries
he took about a thayland Caſtles , few leſs then nine hundred Towns and Cities : of Pirates Ships
eight kundred ; and nine and thirty deſolate Towns left without Inhabitants, repleniſhed again
warch People by bim. Moreover, theſe Tables declared , that the revenue of the Common-wealth
of Rows before theſe Conquelts he made , amounted yearly but to five thoufand Miriades : and
that from thenceforth with the ſums he had added unto the: tormer revenye, they ſhould now re-
ceive eight thouſand and five hundred Miriades : and that he brought preſently in ready Gold and
- Silver , and in Plaze and Jewels, to put into the common Treaſurie, the valye of twenty thouſand
Talents , beſides that which had been diſtributed already among the Souldiers : of the which , be
that had leaſt for his ſhare , bad fifteen hundred Drachmaes, The Priſoners that were led in the
fhew of this Txiumph, beides the Captains of the Pirates , were theſg that follow : The Son of
Tiorancs King of AEMEN14 |, with bis Wiſe and Dayghter : the Wite of King Tigraxes bimſelf,
called Z : Ariftoebulus King of Juxx: Mithridates Siſter, with five Sons of hers , and ſome
Ladies of Sex TH14. The Wloftages allo of the Igtrians and the Atrzanians and alſo of the Captives led
Kings of the CONMAGENIANS : over and belides a great number of other marks of Triumphs in Pompeys
which husfelf or his Lieutenant had wanat ſundry Baucels in divers places, But the greateſt honour third Tri-
chat ever he wan, and which never other Conſull of the Rouaws bur himſelfobtained , was this, *®Ph-
that he wade bis thind Triumph of the three parts of the World. Divers other Ro xx had tri-
wapbed thrice before big : bowbeir he furlt ceriumphed of Azz 1cx : the. ſecond time of Euro vs : ;
ahe third time of As14, So that it apps; ed by thele three Triumphs, that he bad triumphed in P _—_—
manner -of all 4he land thax is ahabized hems at that time ( as it is reported by them which compare ,F the World :
his doings unto Alexavger the great ) ynder four and thirty years of age , though in troth at that Africk, Europe,
rice he was.near forty, O happy had it been for him, if. he had died when he had Al-xangers 2nd Aſie.
Fortune : for all his life afterwards , made tys proſperity hateful , or bis adverſicy miſerable : im- Pocapey Tel:
ploying ibe honour and authority he bad gogten by his valianzne(s, fayguring mens unjuſt Cauſes : yofhre the _
the move he furzhered them , the gore he leſſens his hogour,, and unawares brought his greatneſs of forty years.
i9 nothing. . Far Jike 3s when the rongeſt places of a City, which receiving chejr Enemies into them, The change of
do givetbem the benefit of theix own {trengrh - even ſo through Pompey: Pqwer , e/ar growing ©9mpeys For-
ig he great , quetthrew bim inthe end with the ſelf Game —— he imployed ig the overthrow of 0- _— _
thers. And-thus « fortuned'; Luc ule at his FErurn-out of As IA ( hu - Pompey had uncourteouſly Lucullus belee-
uled.bim ) was theg very well-raken of the Senate , and od when Pomp:y was alſo come to ved of the Se-
Revs. For the Seugtedid counſel and encourage bim y9 deal in the Affairs, of the Stare , ſeeing nate ar bis "__
him wax #«r}-Qaw , ad giyEn roo much to his (gale ang pleaſure , hy oraſn his great Wealth he "a7, ***
had gorten. Sp- when Powner was come , he. 6p tha {peak againſt him ; and through the friend- 7 1.1tur in-
ſhip and aſbftance of (#9, canfirmed allfhis doings in As14 , which P:wmpey bad brokenand reje- yeighed againit
ed. Pampry finding be had fuch.a regulſe gf the Senare,, was drivento bave recourſe unto the Tri- Pompey,by C-
bunes of the People, and to fall in friendſhip with light young men. Of the Tribuyes, the moſt impu- #o's »Miance,
den and vile perſon was (Jadiay » who recpived him , -and made him a prey ynto the People. For be 19792100
bad Poampry:cuer at hiselbow, and againſt his honour carried him up and. down the Market-place after T;ibuns of the
bim., #9 [ſpeak as accafien ſeryed , ro confirm any matter ,qr device which b preferred unto him to People.
flatregthecamumon People... ' And further , for recompence of þis:goog will , he craved of P.mpey Ponte! ny
(\norasahing diſhonpurable , hur beneficiall for him ) that be would forſake (icero , who was his wh ASD
itnd, ard diad-tone queh..for him jo .caatters of Cammon-wealth. Poxpey granted his requeſt, ©
Thereupon Cicera being, in danger of Law , and requiring P.wp-1. fxiend{bip to help.bim , he
ſhut his dogs again them ghar-game to ſpeak. in bis be and went pur himſelt at another back
door. Cixarnihergupon-fearingihe extremiry pf )Law, wi ingly torſook Rome, At that time, Zalins
Ce/arrexmiogbome [faom; bis Pretgrſhip.out of Sea1N , began co lay fuch a Plor, char preſently
broughttbim-quogrart faugur, and afierwargs much increaſed his power, byr otherwi'e utterly undid
P, mp7 andahe-Commoprwyealeh. Now be was x9 fue for bis, fixft Conſyulſhjp, and conſidering che en- |
micy hetwisr:Barpey.opd (raffps;, if be joyned with the one, be made the other his Enemy : he de- Car reconct-
viſel w makeabgm dxiends,.2 thing ſeeming of great hoagkty 3r abe; firſt light,” bur yer x 1 Wy pt.
' Yice, andas {ubtilla pragiife-as could be. .Forthe Per Of the.C ny being before divi ed into two
paris (45 4-$hip eyenly' ballaſt of each; fige ARE the.Common-wealrh upright ; and being .
}
paw \browghu ioro one mags-power , there was;0 Þ y to. withſtand. , ſo that all fell ro wrack
in
4
.
%
.
—a4 =" POMP EIV6S.
in the end. Whereupon (ato wiſely told them afterwards , that ſaid , the civill Wars betwixt
Powpey and Ceſar was cauſe of the deſtrution of the Common-wealth : that their enmity and
diſcord was not the chief originall cauſe of this _ , but rather their friendſhip and agree-
Ceſers Law for ment, For by their friendſhip Ceſar was choſen Conſull , who ſtraight fell to flatter 'the People
dividing of and poor men, and made a Law for the reſtoring of the Colonies belonging to ROME and tor
Lands. © diſtributing of Lands to them that had none, imbaſing the Majeſty and Dignity of the chief Ma-
Gor Irs. giftrates, and making the Conſulſhip in a manner no better then the Tribuneſhip of the People. B;-
bnlus his Colleague and fellow _ E = what he ow to _ = , and _ _ oy - _
to his power, untill Ceſar openly brought Pempey into the Pulpit for Orations before the People,
pal a " and calling him by his wg aked him if he w/ give his conſent ro the Decrees which he did fer
with Ceſar, for forth. P.mpcy anſwered him, he did. Why then, ſaid Ceſar, if any man will by force let” the paſſing
paſſing his Law of this Law by Voices of the People, wilt thou then come to help them? Yes that I will indeed,
Agreris, ſaid Pompey : againſt them that threaten with the Sword , 1 will bring both Sword and Target. Pom-
pey in al bis lite never did nor ſpake thing that men more miſliked , then that which he {aid at that
time, His Friends excuſed him, and ſaid it was a word paſſed his mouth before he was aware : but
his deeds afterwards ſhewed , that he was altogether at Ce/ars Commandment. For not many days
Pompey marri. fer » be married 7lia the Daughter of Ceſar : which was affianced or made ſure before unto Ser-
eth Fulis the 9:1i5 Cepio, when no man thought of it : and to pacific Cepios anger , he gave him his own
Daughter o© Daughter in marriage , whom he had alſo promiſed before unto Fanſite ,the Son of Sylla : and Ce-
Ceſar : ſar alſo married Calphnrnia the Daughter of P:ſo. After this , Pompey filling all Ro with Soul-
— om diers, did what he would by force, For as the Conſull Bibxlu came into the Market-place accom-
Triven cur of Panied with Lxcull»s and Cato, they ſuddenly ſer upon him, and brake the bundels of Rods which his
the Marker» Officers carried before him : and ſome one , whatſoever he was , caft a basket of horſ-Dung upon his
place by Pom- head, Moreover, the two Tribunes that were in his company , were alſo very ſore hurt, By this
. means having cleared the Market-place of all their Enemies, they paſſed the Law for diviſion of Lands,
m oe Law 4- as they would themſelves. The People being fleſhed with this bait, were contented to be ruled by them
med by the © As they would, and would never ſtick at any matter that they would have paſſed. So were all Poy;-
People. p- 7s matters confirmed, which Zucallss was againſt : and they appointed unto (ſar alſo,the Govern-
Gaut and I!- ment of the GauLs on this fide and beyond the ALyzs : and ILLYR1a for five years ſpace,
ny _— with four whole Legions, The next day following were appointed'C onſuls, Piſs Ce/ars Father in
Piſo or Gabj. law, and G#binius the greateſt flatterer Pompey had about him. But now while things ſtood in theſe
nius Conſu!s, terms , B ybxlus though he were Conſull, kept bimſelf cloſe in his Houſe for eight Moneths ſpace, and
Caro foreſhew- onely ſerit our Bills and ſet them up on every poſt in open p'aces, accuſing Pompey and Ceſar. Cato on
— ruine the other fide, as if hehad been inſpired with the ſpirit of Propheſie, rold openly in the Senate-Houſe,
Laban we what would become of the Common-wealth and Pcmpey. Lacaliz« growing old , lay ſtill and took
and of Pompey. Þis pleaſure, and would no more meddle in the Common-wealth. At that time it was that Pompey ſaid,
it was more unſcaſonable for an old man to follow his pleaſure, then to attend matters of the Com-
mon-wealth. Yet himſelf ſhortly after was ſo doted of his young Wife, that he would follow her
up anddown inthe Countrey, and in; his Gardens, and leave all Afairs of weight afide. Where-
Clodius the upon (1-dizs being then Tribune of the People,deſpiſed Pompey, and began to enter into ſeditious
Tribune ſet- attempts, For whert he lifid driven ({{cero out of ROME and had fent away Cato to make Wars in
tech upon Pom- Cy prus, and that Ceſar alſo was occupied in Gur. , and finding that the Peopleinlike caſe were
BY: at his Commandment , becauſe to fatter them he did what they would have him : he attempted in-
continently to undoe ſome thing that Pogypey had eſtabliſhed. Amongſt other things, he took young
Tigranes out of Priſon , and ever carried him up and down with him whereſoever he went, and con-
tinually pickt quarrels unto Pompeys Friends, to try what credithe had. Inthe end Pompey coming a-
broad one day into the common Afembly , to hear how a matter of his was handled , this (2od'w«
having a company of vagabongs and deſperate men about him , that cared not what they did : be fit-
_ a place where he might be ſeen from the reſt , began to ask 'theſe queſtions out aloud : Who
is the licentiouſeſt Caprain in all- this Ciry > What min is he that ſeeks for a man > What is he that
: ſcratcheth his head with one finger ? , like a company of Dancers and Singers , when he: ſpake
Pompey was and clapped hishands on his Gown , anſwered him wm to _ queſtion ,-rhat-it was Pom-
$roeyently -._ 9. is went to Pompey heart, that was not wont to hear himſelf (6 il} ſpoken of openly, neither
corned of Cls- yas acquainted with any ſuch kind of ſight : but yer it made him bite the-lip' more \" when he ſaw
dius.
the Senate glad to ſee him thus aſhamed and reproved , 'as'a juſt revenge and puniſhment fo#-bis vile
betraying and forſaking of Cicero. So great ſtir and'uproar being made upon this in the Market-
place, and many men fore hurt, and'one of Clodivs' bondmen beitig-taken alfo in the preſs of
the People with a Sword' in his hand ; very near unto' Powp:y : "makihg this his colour ( but 0-
therwiſe fearing C4; infolency and proud words ) he would never after come (into the Mar-
ket-place, as long as Clodixs was Tribune, but kept '4t' home ftill-,” conſulting with "his Friends
what wiy he ſhould take to appeaſe the anger of the" Senate againſt him: Thereupon one of his
Friendscalled Cleo, perſwaded himto put away his Wife Fulia , O—_— refule Ceſar: friend-
ſhip, and to tick again to the Senate : but he would none of that. Notw ding he was
conrented' to hearken unto them that gave him councell to call Cicero-home again, who was Clo-
diuu© mottall Enemy ,-and ' in great favour: with 'the Senate. Thereupon he- brought Cicero's
Brother into the Market-place , to move the matter. to'the People}, with a great number of men
about: him', where they fell to blowes , and divers were lain . of 'either fide -: EEE
e
POMPEIUS.
—
377
he overcame Clodixs. Thus Cicero being called home by Decree of the People , when he was
come , he brought Powpey again in fayour with the Senate , and ſtanding-with the Law pro-
pounded to give Pompey Authority to cauſe Corn to be brought to Roms , he once again made
him have power both by Land and Sea over all the Territories of the Romans: For ail the Ha-
vens, Marts, and Fairs, and all Store-houſes of Corn, yea moreover all the trade of Merchan-
dize and Tillage , came under Punpey bands. Then Clodias accuſing him , faid : that the Senate had
not made this Law for the dearth oft Victuals , but that they made a dearth of ViRuals , becauſe
the Law ſhould paſs , to revive Pompeys Power and Authority again, that was almoſt under foot. x
Other fay , that this was a device of Lentulus Spinther the Conlull , who gave Pompey the greater
Authority , becauſe he might be ent to put King Prolomy again into bis Kingdom, This notwith-
ſtanding , (axidius the Tribune preferred another Law to ſend Pompey without an Army, with two
Sergeants onely to carry the Axes before him , to bring Prolumie in favour again with the ALE x-
A NORIANS. This Law ſeemed not to millike Pompey : but the Senate with honeſt colour put by
this Law, as being afraid leſt Pompeys perſon would miſcarry in ſo doing, Nevertheleſs, little Pa-
pers were found thrown about the Market-place , and the Senate-hguſle , declaring that Prolomie
deſired Pompey might come to aid him in $Sp4nthers ſtead, Timavenes Writeth notwithſtanding,
that Prelomie went to ROME, and left ZGyYPT , without any occaſion given him , at the per-
ſwaſion of Theophares , who perſwaded him to do 1ſo, becauſe he would give P:mpey occaſion to
make new Wars. But Thesphanes craft and ſubtilry made not this marter 1o credible , as Pompeys
wit and good nature made it altogether untrue : tor his ambition was nothing ſo vile or ill, as that
was. So Pompey having now full Authority to caule Corn to be brought ro ROME , he ſent then
his Lieutenants and Friends abroad , and humſelf in perſon went into C1c11s. Now being ready
£0 return again, there aroſe ſuch a ſtorm of wind in the Sea , that the Mariners were in doubt
to weigh their Anchors. But himſelf firſt imbarked , and commanded them ſtraight to hoiſe ſail,
crying out aloud , It is of neceſfiry 1 muſt go , but not to live, So , through his boldneſs and good
ſpirit , uſing the good Fortune he had , he hilled all the places of Mart, and Markets with Corn, and
all the Sea beſides with Ships : inſomuch, the plenty he brought did. not onely furniſh the City of
ROME , but all their neighbours alſo about them, and came like 2 lively Spring that diſperſed it ſelf
through all 17&4Ly. About that time , the great Conqueſts that Ceſar made in Gaur, did ſet
him aloft. For when they thought that he was occupied in Wars far off from Row# , with the
BELG1ANS , SVVISSES, and Engliſh-men, he by ſecret praftiſe, was in the middeſt among the
People at ROME , and moſt againſt Pewpey 1n the weightieſt Affairs of the Common-wealth. For
he had the power of an Army about his Perſon, which he did harden with pains and continuall
praiſe, not with intent to fight onely againſt the barbarous People : but for the Battels he had
with them, were in manner but asa hunting ſport , by the which he made himſelf invincible , and
dreadfull tothe World. But furthermore , by the infinite Gold and Silver , and the incredible ſpoils
and Treaſure which he wan upon the Enemies whom he had overcome : and by ſending great Preſents
alſoro RO+E, tothe &diles , Prxtors, Conſuls, and their Wives, he purchaſed him many Friends,
Therefore , after he had paſſed over the Ar yEs again, and was come to winter in the City of Lu-
CA, a world of People ( both men and Women ) and of the Senate themſelves almoſt two hundred
Perſons ( and amongſt them, Craſſ#s and Pompey by Name ) went out of Rome unto him. Fur-
thermore, there were ſeen at {eſars Gate ,- ſix{core Sergeants carrying Axes beiore Prztors, or Pro-
conſuls. So Ceſar ſent every one back again , either full of Money, or good words : but with Pox:-
pe and (raſſwy, he made a match , thar they two . together, ſhould tuets be C onſuls , and that he
imſelt would ſend them good aid to Rome , at the day of Election ,-to give their Voices. And if
they were choſen, that they ſhould then practiſe by Decree ofthe People , to have the Governments
of ſome new Provinces and Armies athgned them : and withall , that they ſhould adjourn the Go-
vernment of thoſe Provinces he had, for five years more. This pack being bewrayed and ſpread abroad
through Roms , the honeſteſt fort miſliked much thereof. Whereupon Marcellinxs at an open
Aſſembly of the People, did ask them both, if they would ſue for the Conſulſhip at the nexr E-
Ie&ien. $6 , they being urged by the People to make anſwer , Powpey ſpake firſt , and ſaid : Per-
adventure he would , peradventure not. Craſſus anſwered more genily , thatihe would do thar
which ſhould be beſt for the Common-wealth, Then CH arc«{lizws tharply inveying againſt Pompey,
he angerly again caft him in the teeth, and ſaid, that Aſarcellinus was the rankelt churt , and the un-
chanklufleſt beaft in the world : for that of a dumb man he had made him Eloquens , and being in
manner ſtarved and famiſhed, many a time he bad filled his belly. This norwithſtanding,divers that be-
fore were determined to ſue for the Conſulſhip, went no further i it , ſaving Lucixa Domitins , whom
Cate counſelled'and incouraged not to give it over : for, ſaid he, thoudoſt nor contend-for the Con-
ulſhip , but ts defend the common liberry of thy Countrey againſt two Tytants. Pompey therefore
fearing Cata's Faction , leſt that having all the Senates good wills ; be ſhould draw alſo the beſt part
of the People after him, thought it not good to ſuffer Dowitires to come into-the Market-place. To
this end therefore , he ſent men armed againſt him, who at the firſt onſer. ſlew the Torch-bearer that
Commiſhen
given to Poam-
pc; for bring-
ing Corn no
Om cr
The Reſtoring
again of Pro-
lomic King of
SEZYFT to his
P.ea,;m,
Great repaie
unto Caſar
wintering at
Luca,
The violence
of Pompey obs
taining the ſe-
carried the Torch before him, and made all the reſt to flie: amongſt whom alſo {aro was the laſt man cond Conſul-
that retired, who was hurt in his elbow defending of Dimitins. Pompey and Craſſus being become
Confuls after this fort , they ordered themſelves nothing the moretemperately, nor honeſtly, For
ut to chuſe Cato Prator , Pompey being at the Aſſembly of the E-
he had
nored
*rft of all, the People being
ion , perceiving that they would chuſe him , brake up the Aſſembly , fallly alledging that
ſhip.
Pompey and
Craſſus ſecond
Conſulſhip.
dis M S
Rs.
I;
POMPETIUS
Sr ee A —
noted certain ill ſigns; and afterwards, the Tribes of the People being bribed and corrupted with
Money , they choſe An1ias and Yatinins Prztors, After that,by Trebcnius Tribune of the
People, they publiſhed Edits, authorifing Ce/ars charge for five years longer , according to the
appointment they had made with Ceſar. Unto ({4ſſi alſo = had appointed SyR1A , and the
War againſt the PARTHIANs, Unto Pompey in like caſe, all Arkicx, and both Seains,
with four Legions beſides : of the which, at Ceſ#rs deſire , he lent him two Legions to help him in
his War in Gaur. Theſe things done, Craſſus departed to his Province , at the going out of his
Conſulſhip : and Pompey remained at ROME about the dedicating of his Theater , where he cauſed
many goodly Playes to be made , both for exerciſe of perſon, as alſo for Learning and Muſick, and
cauſed wild Beaſts alſo to be baited and hunted, and killed five hundred Lions. But of all things , there
was no ſuch fearfull ſight and terrible Fight , as was between the Elephants. This great charge and
bountiſull expence , defrayed by Powp:y , to ſhew the People paſtime and pleaſures , made him again
to be very much eſteemed of , and beloved amongſt the People, But on the other fide,be wan him-
ſelf as much il] will and envy, in committing the Government of his Provinces and Legions into the
hands of his Lieutenants, whileſt he himſelf roamed up and down the pleaſant places of 1TALyY, with
his Wife at his pleaſure : either becauſe he was far in love with her , or elſe for that ſhe !oved him ſo
dearly , that he could not find in his heart to leave her company, It was reported of her ( being
known of many ) that this young Lady J-1ia loved her Husband more dearly , not for 7-ompeys
Houriſhing age, but for his aſſured continence, knowing no other Woman bur her : beſides alſo, he was
no ſolemn man, but pleaſant of converſation , which made Women love him marvelloully , unleſs we
will reprove the Curtiſan Fl:ra's Teſtimony. It is certain, that at an Election of the A&diles, men
_ ſuddenly in hurly burly , drew their Swords, and many were ſlain about Pompey : inſomuch as
his cloaths being blondied , he ſent his men home in haſte ro ferch him other to change him, His young
Wife that was great with child , ſeeing his cloaths bloudy , rook ſuch a =_— upon it , that ſhe fell
down in a {wound before them, that they had much ado to recover her , and yet ſhe fell ſtraight in
labour upon it, and wasdelivered. So that they themſelves, which blamed him moſt for his good will
he bare unto C2/ar , could not reprove the love he bare unto his Wife. Another time after that , ſhe
was great with child again, whereof ſhe died, andihe Child lived not many days after the Mozher,
As Pompey was about to carry her into the Countrey to be buried , to a Houle he had there near unto
the City of AL BA, the People by force took her Corps , and carried it into the Field of Mars, more
for the pity they took of the young Lady, then to pleaſure either Ce/ar or Pompey : and yet what the
People did for them, it appeared rather they did it more for Ceſars ſake being ablent,then for Pempey
that was preſent. But ſtraight when his alliance was broken , which rather covered then bridled their
ambitious deſire to rule, there aroſe a new ſtir in RomEz immediately , andevery mans mouth was full
of prittle prattle and ſeditious words. Not long after-that alſo came news that Craſſus was over-
thrown, and ſlainin PARTH1A : who was a manifeſt ſtay and let to keep, them two from civill
Wars , for that they both feared: him , and therefore kept themſelves in a reaſonable ſort together.
But when Fortune had taken away this third Champion, who could have withſtood the better ofthem
both that had overcome the other , then might have been ſaid of theſe two which remained, as the
Comicall Poet faid : , |
Sce how theſe Champions pur poſing oach cthers force to try,
W.th nointed skin, and duſty hands, ſtand vaunting valiantly. 7
So little can Fortune prevail againſt nature, having no power to ſtop covetouſnels : ſith ſo large and
great an. Empire, and ſuch a wide Countrey beſides could not contain the covetous. defire of theſe
two men, Butthough they had often both heard and read :
: eAmong tle gods themſelves all things by Lot divided are,
And none of themintrudes himſelf within his neighbours ſhare. |
Yet-:they thought thar the | Efnpire -of Roms was not enough for them , which! were but two,
But Pompey ſpake openly in an Oration he made unto the People, that he ever came to Office be-
fore he looked; for it, and alſo. left it ſooner then they thought he would have done ; and that he
witneſſed by diſcharging his Army, fo ſoon, Then thinking that Ceſar would not. diſcharge his
Army , he ſoughtito-make 'himſelf ſtrong againſt him, by procuring Offices of the City, without
any other alteration,” Neither: would he ſeem tg miſtruſt him , but he plainly ſhewed. that he did
deſpiſe and contemn him. But when he ſaw+thathe could not obtain the Offices of the City as be
would , becauſe Citizens that' made the Ele&ions were bribed with Money , be then left it with-
out a. Magiſtrate ,, ſo-'thar' there was none either to :command -,'-or that the People ſhould obey.
Hereupon.there ran a bruit ſtraight , that there muſt needs be a Ditator made, and- the firſt man
that propounded it;,-was Zxcilins Tribune, of the People , who perſwaded them to' chuſe Pompey.
But Cato ftuck ſo ſtoutly 'againſtir, that the Tribune had like'to bave loſt his Office , even inthe
Marker-place, '' But: then many:/of Powpeys Friends ſtepped up, and. excuſed him, ſaying : that he
neither ſought,” nor would -have the- Di@acrſhip. Then (to commended him much , and prayed
him'ro ſee good order kept in the Common-wealth; | Pompey —_ aſhamed to deny ſo reaſonable
a requeſt , was carefull of it. Thereupon two 'Conſuls were choſen, Domitins , and: Meſſala : but
afterwards when the ſtate began to change again by. the death of one of the Conſuls', and that
- divers were more-earneſtly bent-to. have a Dictator then before \, Cato fearing it would break out
' with fury, determined to give' Pompey ſome: Office of reaſonable Authority , ro keep him fromthe
other more ryrannicall.. Inſomuch ; as Bib»lw himſelf being chief of the Senate , and Prog
te? emy,
4 BG
—
ppey" might | be choſen Conſul alone : for, ſaid he, by this means
/berid of the preſent trouble : or elſe it ſhall be in bondage to an ho-
his opt wmarvelled at, in reſpect of him that ſpake it. Whereupon, Caro ftand- C:t1 (rake in
ingup, it was thought ſtraight.chat he would have ſpoken againſt him : bur ſilence being made him, he Peapuatirms
plainly told them, that for his own part he would not have been the firſt man to have propounded
that was ſpoken : but ſichence it was ſpoken by another, rhat he thought it reaſonable and meet to
be followed. And therefore, ſaid he, itis better to have an Officer ro command, whatſoever he be
rather then none : and that he ſaw no man fitter to command, then Pompey, in {0 troubleſome a rime.
All the Senate liked his opinion, and ordaiged that Powpey ſhould be © ſole Conſul, and that it
he ſaw in his diſcretion he ſhould need the afliſtance of another companion, be might name a
whom he thought good, but nor till ewo moneths were paſt, Thus was Pompey made Conſul alone Pantey chel
by Sulpitizs, regent for thatday. Then Pompey made very friendly countenance unto Cats, and Cont. mw
thanked him for the honour he had done him, praying him privately to affiſt himwith his counſel in
the.Conſulſhip. Cato anſwered him, that chere wasno cauſe why he ſhould thank him, for he had
ſpoken nothing for his ſake, bur for reſpect of the Commonwealth onely : and for his counſel, if
he would ask it, he ſhould privately have it, if nor, yet that he would openly ſay that which he
thought. Such a man was Cato in all his doings. Now Pompey returning into the City, married Pompey mares
(ornelia, the daughter of Merellus Scipio, not 2 maiden, but late widdow of Publirs Craſſus the ©* <ornliage-
{on , that was ſlain in PaRTH1A, to whom ſhe was married a maiden. This Lady had excel- _— *
lent gifts to be beloved beſides her beauty: for ſhe was properly learned, could play well on a The RI
Harp, was skilfull in Muſick and Geometry, and-took great pleaſure alſo in Philoſophy , and Cornelia, the
not vainly without ſome profit, For ſhe was very modeſt and ſober of behaviour, without braw-.. 42ughrer of
ling and fooliſh curioſity, which commonly young women have that are indued with ſuch ſingular **%%* Scipio.
gifts, Her father alſo, was anoble man, both in blood and life. Notwithſtanding, theſe unlike mar-
riages did nothing pleaſe ſome : for Cornelia was young enough to have been his ſons wife; Now the
beſt Citizens thought, that therein he regarded not the care of the Commonwealth, being in ſuch a
troubleſome time, which had choſen him onely, as her remedy to redreſs the fame : and that he in
the mean time gave himſelf over ro marrying and feaſting, where rather he ſhould have been carefull
of his Conſulſhip, which was diſpoſed upon him againſt the law for common calamities ſake, thar
otherwiſe he had not come by, if all had been quiet. Furthermore, he ſharply proceeded againſt them -
which by bribery and unlawfull means.came to office : and having made laws and ordinances for the ;*"*% _—
adminiſtration of juſtice, otherwiſe he dealt juſtly and uprightly in all things, giving ſafety, order, thoſe =p
ſilence and gravity, to matters of judgement, with force of' Arms, himſelt being preſent : ſaving tained office by
that when his father in law was alſo accuſed among other, he ſent for three hundred and threeſcore Þribery-
Judges home to his houſe, praying them ro help him. Whereupon, when the accuſer ſaw Scipio
accompanied by the Judges themſelves, returning into the Market-place, he let fall his ſuir. This made
Pompey again be condemned, and blamed alſo more then before, for that he having made alaw , that
no man ſhould praiſe the offenders, whilſt their matter was a hearing, came himſelf and openly
praiſed Plancws being accuſed. Thereufſon Caro being one of the Judges, ſtopped his ears with both
his hands, ſaying : that he might not hear an offender praiſed, ſeeing it was forbidden by law. But
therefore he was refuſed for a Judge , before they gave ſentence, Notwithſtanding, Planc#s was
condemned by all the reſt of the Judges, to Pompey's great ſhame and reproach. Shortly after, Z7yp-
ſeu one that had been Conſul, being likewiſe accuſed, watching Pompey on a time as he came out of
his bath to go to ſupper, upon his knees he belought Pompey's favour and help : but he flatly paſſed
by him, and gave him no other anſwer, but told him, he marred his ſupper and faid nothing elſe to
him. This inconſtancy was much reproved in Pompey. Howbeit otherwiſe he ſer all things in good
order, and choſe his father in law Scipso, for his colleague and fellow in the Conſulſhip, tor the five
laſt moneths. After that, he cauſed the government of his Provinces to be appointed him for four Pompeys Pro-
year more, with commiſſion-to take yearly out of the treaſure a thouſand talents to defray the vinces afligned
charges of his War. Ceſars friends ſeeing that, ſtepped up for him, and prayed that there might _ PAR
alſo be had ſome conſideration of him, that had likewiſe great Wars for the Empire of Rows : uf
ſaying, that his good ſervice deſerved, either that they ſhould make him Conſul again, or elſe thar
they Rould prolong his charge and government, ſo as he may yet peaceably enjoy the honour
to command that which he had conquered , to the end that no other ſucceſſour might reap the
fruit of his labour. Much ſtir and contention being about this matter at Rome, Pompey as
though for good will he meant to excuſe the envy they might have born Ceſar, ſaid : that he had
received letters from him, by the which he requeſted a ſucceſſour , and to be diſcharged of this
War : and furthermore , that he thought it good they ſhould grant him priviledge to demand
the ſecond Conſulſhip , although he were abſent. Which Caro ſtoutly withſtood, ſaying , thac
he muſt return/ home as a private man, leaving his Army , ſhould come in perſon to crave re-
compence of his Countrey, But becauſe Pompey made no reply nor anſwer to the contrary, men
ſuſpe&ted ſtraight that he had no great good liking of Ceſar, and the rather, becauſe he had fent
unto him for the two legions which he had lent him, under colour of his War againſt the PART HI- Pompey fell fick
ANS, But Ceſar though be ſmelt him wherefore he ſent for his ſouldiers, returned them home with a: Naples.
liberal reward. About that time, Pompey fell fick at NaryLEs of a dangerous diſeaſe, whereof on vr ag
notwithſtanding he recovered again. The NzaPyoL1TANS thereupon, by perſwaſtonof Praxa- —_ Joy Pam:
£0ras, "one of the chiefeſt men of their City, did ſacrifice to the gods for his recovery. The like = peys health.
Aaa allo
POMTPA
Pride, and fool
conceit made
Pompey deſpiſe
Ceſar.
Appius ſoothed
Pompey and fed
his humour.
Paul the Con-
| ul bribed by
+ Caſar.
Curioand An»
ronius
—_— - :
r e bri-
bed by Cſar.
Pompey choſen
ro go againſt
Caſar.
Cicero moveth
reconciliation
berwixt Caſar
8nd Pompey.
_—_—
alſo their neighbours round about : and in fine, it ran ſo generall
no Ciry or Town (great or ſmall) but made open feaſts and re 3'f ays. Y
ſides, the infinite number of people was ſuch, that went to meet him! ourGFalparcs,”wN Ss
not place enough for them all, but the high ways , Cities, Towns, and Ports: of the ſea,” were all
full of people, feaſting and ſacrificing to the gods, rejoycing for his recovery. Divers alſo went to
meet him, crowned with Garlands, and ſo did attend on him, caſting Noſegaies and Flowers upon
him. Thus was his journey the nobleſt ſight that ever was, all the way as he came: howbeit men
thought alſo, that this was the chiefeſt cauſe of the beginning of the civil Wars. _ For he fell into
ſuch a pride, and glorious conceit of himſelf, with the exceeding joy he took to ſee bimſelf thus ho-
noured : that forgerting his orderly government, which made all his former doings to proſper, he
grew too bold indeſpiſing of Ceſars power, as though he ſtood in no need of other power to care or
withſtand him, bur that he could overcome him as he would, far more eaſily, then he could have done
before. Furthermore, eAppixs thereupon returned from -G aur, that brought hira his two legions
back again which he had lent unto Ceſar, reproaching much his doings which he had done there,
and giving out many foul words againſt Ceſar. For he ſaid, that Pompey knew not his own ſtrength and
authority, that would ſeek ro make himſelf ſtrong, by other power againſt him : conſidering that
he might overcome him with his own legions he ſhould bring with him, ſo ſoon as they ſaw bur
Pompey in the face, ſuch ill will did {ears own ſouldiers bear bim, and were marvellous defirous be-
ſides ro ſee himſelf, Theſe flattering tales ſo pufted up Pompey, and brought him into ſuch a ſecu-
riry and truſt of himſelf, that he mocked them to ſcorn which were afraid of Wars, And to
thoſe alſo which ſaid, that if Ceſar came to Roms, they ſaw not how they could relift his power,
he ſmilingly anſwered chem again, and bad them take no thought for that : for as oft, ſaid he, as I do
but ſtamp with my foot upon the ground of IT aLy, I ſhall bring men enough out of every cor-
ner, both footmen and horſemen. In the mean time, Ceſar gathered force ſtil] upon him , and
thenceforth drew nearer unto IT a Ly, and ſent of his ſouldiers daily to Roms to be preſent at the
eletion of the Magiſtrates, and many of them that were in Office, he wan with money : amongſt
whom was Paxl, one of the Conſuls , whom he wan of his fide , by means of a thouſand five
hundred talents. And Cxrio the Tribune of the people, whom he diſcharged of an infinite debt he
ought : and ark, Antony alſo, who for Curio's ſake, was diſcharged likewiſe for part of the debt
which Curio ought, being alſo bound as himſelf. Furthermore, it was found that a Captain or
Centurion ſent from Ceſar, being near unto the Senate, underſtanding that the Council would not
prolong Ceſars Government which he required,. clapping his hand upon the pommell of his ſword :
Well aid he, this ſhall give it him, So, to be ſhort, all that was done and ſaid, tended to this end.
Notwithſtanding, the petitions and requeſts that Cxrio made in Ceſars behalf, ſeemed ſomewhar
more reaſonable for the people: for he requeſted one of the two, either to make Pompey to pur
down his Army, or elſeto licence {ſar to have his Army as well as he. For, either being both made
private men, they would fall to agreement of themſelves : or elſe = both of like ſtrength, neither
of both wonld feck any alteration, fearing one another, but would content themſelves either of
them with their own. Or otherwiſe, he that ſhould weaken the one, and ftrengthen the other,
ſhould double his power whom he feared. Thereto very hotly replied the Conſul AMarcelus, callin
(ſar thief, and ſaid that he ſhould be proclaimed an open enemy to Roms, if he did not diſperſe
his Army. This notwithſtanding in fine, Curio, Antony, and P:ſo procured that the Senate ſhould
decide the matter. For, ſaid he, all thoſe that would have ("2ſar leave his Army, and Pompey to
keep his, let them ſtand on the one ſide. Thereupon the moſt part of them ſtood at one hand.
Then he bad them again come away from them that would have them both leave their Armies, Then
there remained onely but two and twenty that ſtood for Pompey: and all the reſt went on Curio's
ſide. Then Curio looking aloft for Joy of the victory, went into the Market-place, and there was
received of his Tribune faction, with ſhouts of joy and clapping of hands, and infinite Noſegaies
and Garlands of flowers thrown upon him. Pompey was not then preſent to ſee the Senators good
will towards him : becauſe by the law, ſuch as have commandment over ſouldiers, cannot enter
into Roms. Notwithſtanding Afarcellus ſtanding up, ſaid : that he would not ſtand trifling,
hearing of orations and arguments , when he knew that ten legions were already paſſed over the
Alpes, intending to come in Arms againſt them : and that he - would ſend a man unto them , that
ſhould defend their Countrey well enough. Straight they changed apparell at Rom, as their manner
was in a common calamity. farcellus then coming through the Market-place unto Pompey, being
followed of all the Senate, went unto him, and told him openly : Pompey I com thee help
thy Countrey with that Army thou haſt already, and alſo to levy more to aid thee, The like
ſpeech did Lentulus uſe unto him who was appointed one of the Conſuls the year following, Now,
when Pompey thought: to levy ſouldiers in Rome to bill them, ſome would not obey him, a
few others went willingly to him with heavy hearts, and the moſt part of them cried, Peace,
peace. eAntony alſo, againſt the Senates mind, read a letter unto the people ſent from Ceſar con-
taining certain offers and reaſonable , to draw the common peoples affetion towards
him. . For his requeſt was that Pompey and he ſhould both of them reſign their governments, and
ſhould diſmiſs their Armies to make aſt well, referring themſelves wholly to the judgement of the
people, and to deliver op account unto them of their doings. Lentulus being now entred into his
7Cin;
Conſulſhip , did not afſemble the Senate, BurCicero lately returned out of Cic1Ly, practiſed
of
his
to bring them to agreement, propounding that Ceſer ſhould leave Gaur , and all the reſt
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vo Yegions and 'tfie government of: 12. 1Y RIA, artending bis ſecond
otthis motion. Then © far friends were contented to gratir'thar he ſhould
have but one of ts legions. ' But Lentulns fpake againſt ir, and Card cried out onthe other ſide alfo;
that Pompey was decrived,and they both. - So al Treaty of peace was cut off, Th the meantime, fiews
cameto Rome thar Ceſar had won ARtw1 num, a farr great Cirp of Fr aty, and that he came 'di-
realytoRomE witha great power: But that was not true: for he cane bur withrhret chotiſand horſe,
and fre thouſand fgormen, and would nor tarry-for 'the reſt of his Army that was yet” on the gthier
fide of the mountains in Gaur, bur made haſte 'tarher' to ſyrprife his enemies on' the fudden, be-
ing afraid and in garboil, not looking for himſo foon': rather then rogiverhem timeto be provided
and to fight with them whenthey were ready. For when he was come to the River fide of Rubicon
(which was the urnioſt confine of the Province he had m' charge towards Ft a Ly )he' ftayett fuddenty,
weighing with himfeff cbe great enterpriſe he rook int hand. Ar the laft, as men that being of a mat-
vellous height from'the ground, do headtong throw themfelves down, cloſmg up nheir eyes, and wirh-
drawing their minds from the thought of the danger : crying out theſe words onefy tmto them char
were by, in the Greek tongue, 4-+p-+:9% 3-5 ; tm Englith, ter Die be caft ( meaning hereby to pur
al} irr hazard, and according to our Proverb, to ſer aff on ſix andſeven) he pafſed over withhis Army.
Now, the news of his coming being carried ro Roe, they were in ftuch a marvellous fear, as the like
was never ſeen, For alt the zenate ran immediately umo Pompey, and all the other Magiſtrates of
che Cicy fled unto himalfo. Txllus asking Pompey what power he had ro refiſt them, he anfwered
him, faulrring ſomewhar in his ſpeech: thar he had two legions rexdy which Ceſar fent him back
again, and that he choughe wittythe number of them which he had levied in hafte, he ſhould make
up the number of thirry thouſand fighring men. Ther 7allus eryed our openly ; Ah, chou haſt
mocked us Pompey: and thereupon gave order they ſhould fend Ambaſſadors umo Cefar. There
was one Phaoning inthe company, who otherwiſe was' no ill man, faving that he was ſomewhat roo
bold; thinking to counterfeit Caro's = manner of ſpeech ; he bad- Pompey then ftamp his foot
upon theground, and make thoſe ſouldiers come which he had promiſed them, P . gently bare
with Phaonius' mock; But when Cato told him atfo, what he had prophecied beforehand of C2ſar,
he anſwered him again : Indeed thon haft propheeied mere truly then T, bur I have glealt'more friend-
ly rhenhe; Then (to thought good-rthar they ſhould make him Lieutenant General of Rome wich
foll n& abſolute power to command alt, ſaying : thar rhe felf fame-mert which do the greateſt miſ-
chief; know beſt alfo how to remedy-the ſame. So he immediately departed mto'Srertre, having
the charge and government- of thar Countrey : and atfo every one of the other Senators* went unto
the charge they were appointed. Thus all ITaLy being in Arms, ho man knew what was beſt to
bedone, For _— were out of Roe, came flying thither from all parts : and thoſe on the other
ſide that were within Roms, went out -as faſt, and- forfook the City 'in his trouble and diforder,
That which might ferve being willing to obey, was found very weak : and that that on the other
fide which by diſobedience did hurt, was roo ſtrong and ill tro be governed bythe Magiftrares, having
law to command. For there was no-poſtiibilicy to pacifie their-fear; 'tieither would” they fuffer- Pompe
ro order things ashe would : but every man followed his own fancy, . even as he found himfelf gri * 4
afraid; or in donbt, and in one day they were in divers minds. Pompey could hear nothing of certain-
ry of his enemies. For ſome one while would bring him news one way, and then again” another way :
and then if he would nor-credir them, they were angry with him. At the length, -when he ſaw che
runntt/ and confuſion ſo great at Rows, as there' was no mean to pacifie 1t.; he commanded all
the Senators to fellow him; telling all them that remamed behind, that he would rake them for 7 «ſars
friends, and ſo ar night departed our ofthe City, Ther'the two Confuks fled alſo, withour doing any
Gerificeto the gods,” #5 they were wont to do before they went to make any wars. So Pompey, eyen
it his greateſt trouble and moft danger, might think himſelf happy to have every mans good will as he
had. For, though divers mifliked the eatrſe of this war, yer no marr hated the Capram : but there
were-" moe found | thar could not. forſake Pompey for the love they bare him, then were there
thar followed him ro fight for their liberty. Shortly #frer Pompey was gone out of Rome, Ceſar
wascorhe to Rot, wha polleſiing the City, ſpake'very gently unto-all them he found there, and
pacifie? their fear ; ſaving har he threained Merelus, one of the Tribunes of the people to'pur him
ro deatly, beeauſe be would not ſuffer him+o take ary of the creafure 6f the 'Commonwezhh; Unto
that creel chrear, beattded a more birter fpeech alſo, ſaying : thiat-it' was not ſo hard a thing for him
ro'de/it; us to Fpeakcit, - Fhus having put. down Aerellus, and rakert that he needed to ſerve his turn,
he rook upon him to follow Apt ye Br go 0 drive him out of Fr ax Yr, before that his Army he
had i $yarx ſhould! come to! firm:'\ Powpey in the mean 'rime, having taken the City of Bru-
PUuS tut, and gorteh ſome ſhips'rogether : he made the two Confuls prefently imbark with thirty
Enſignes of foormen; Which he ſent beyond the fea before unto Dr &rwAeHrum, And incontinent-
ly after that; 'be ſctic his/father in law Scipio, and (teins Pompey hisfon, mo Syr x, to providehim
ips.' Himſelf en the other fide, forttfied the rampiers of the City, 'and placed the lighteſt ſouldiers'
he had upon thewalls, and commanded rhe Brunvts 1 A's nor'ts ſtironr of their houſes: and fur-
ther, he caſt crenches within the Ciry, at the end of the freets in divery places, and filfed thoſe tren-
ches- with ſharp poitree Rakes, faving-two ftreets onely, which wertt imo the haven, "Then the third
day after, havingimbatked all the reft 6f- his ſouldiers' at” his plexſkre, he {uddenly Hfring up a fign
into the zir, to give-them warning whidy he had left ro guard the rgmmpicrs: they ftraighn ran ro
hinz with ſpeed, who quickly recerving chem into his ſhips, He weighed Anchor, and hoſed fail, =
Aaaz2 peT-
Rubicon fl.
C ſar paſſed 0=
ver the River
of Rubicon.
Caſars laying t
Let the Die ve
caſt,
Phaonius over.
bold words un-
to Pompey.
Tumwr at
Rome upon C#-
ſars coming,
Pompey forſack
Rome.
C[ar entred
Rome when
Pompey fled,
Ceſar follows
eth Pompey.
Pompey: ſtrata-
gem at Brun-
dufium, for his
flying thence
from Caſar.
Pompey forle-
kerh Italy.
a , _
550 | | P 0 M1 T” El FB. BOS
provelving the wap aadatomeed, be feng mane that Powpeyrggeds who h: after hjar
had almoſt run upon the ſharp Rakes, and faln into -the trenches, had not the BxrunDU$ta ns given
him warning of themn. ua and ran not overthwart the City, -but fetched a compaſs about x0
30 to the haven : where he found that all the Ships were under fail, but rwo ſhips onely excepted, upon
the which were left a few ſouldiers. Some think that this departure -of Pompey, was one of the beſt
of war that ever he uſed. Notwithſtanding, Ceſar marvelled much, that he being in a
ſtrong City, and looking for his Army to come out of SyA1N, and being maſter of the ſea belides,
Cicero reproy- that he would ever forſake ITALY. Cicero allo reproved him, for that he rather followed Thems-
ed Pompcy. FPocles counſell, then Pericles : conſidering that the, troubleſome time was rather to be likened un.
to Pericles, then Themiſtocles time. Yea Ceſar himſelf ſhewed, that he was afraid of the time, For
when he had taken A ymerixs one of Pompey's friends, be ſent him unto Pompey at BxunDus1un,
to offer him reaſonable conditions of peace : But Namerixs followed. Pompey, and ſailed away with
him. By this means, Ceſar in threeſcore days being Loxd of all Ir aLy without any bloodſhed :
he was very deſirous to follow with ſpeed after Pompey. But becauſe he had no ſhips ready, he let bim
Ceſar lewverh $0, and haſted towards SyA1n, to joyn Pompey 's Army:there unto his. Now Pompey inthe mean
Pompey, and ſpace, had gotten a marvellous great power together both by ſea and by land, His Army by ſea was
goeth into wonderfull. For he had five hundred good Ships of War, and of Galliots, Foiſts, and Pinnaces, an in-
_ now. finite number. By land, he had all the Jower of. the horſemen of Rome, and of Itarr, to the
warns Aei.ng number of ſeven thouſand horſe, all rich men of great houſes, and valiant minds, Bur his footmen, they
Pompey being were men of all ſorts, and raw ſouldiers untrained, whom Pompey continually exerciſed, lying at the
ar Berres, City of BERROEA, not fitting idly, but taking pains, as if he had been in the prime of his youth.
rrainerh his hich was to great purpoſe to incourage others ſeeing Pompey being eight and fifty years old, fight
— on foot armed at all pieces, and then on horſeback, quickly ro draw out his ſword while his horſe
was in his full carier, and eaſily to put it up. again, and ro throw his dart from him, not onely with
ſuch agility to hit point . blank, bur. alſo with a ſtrength to caft it away from him, that few young
men could do the like. Thither came divers Kings, Princes, and great Lords of Countries, and yield-
ed themſelves unto him : and of Roman Captains that had born office, he had of them about
7 bienus for. bi, the number of a whole Senate. Amongſt them came unto him Labienus alſo, who before was
ſaketh Ceſar, Ceſars friend, and had alwaies been with him in his wars in Gaut. There came unto him alſo,
and goethro Brutas the ſon of that Brutus which was ſlain in Gaur, a valiant man, and which had never ſpo-
Pompey. ken unto Pompey untill that day, becauſe he took him for a murtherer of his father : bur then willing-
Cicers follow. 1y followed him as a defender of the liberty of Rome, Cicero himſelf alſo, though he had both wru-
erh Pompey, © and giyen counſel to the contrary, thought it a ſhame to him nctto be amongſt the number of
them that would hazard their lives for defence of their Countrey, There came unto him alſo 7 idius
Sextixz even into MACEDON, notwithſtanding that be was an old man, and lame of one of his leggs :
whom others laughing to ſcorn- to ſee him come, when Pompey ſaw him, he roſe and went to meer
bim, judging it a good token of their good wills unto him, when ſuch old men as he, choſe rather to be
with him in , then at. home-with ſafety. Hereupon they (ate.in Council, and following {ao's
opinion, d that they ſhould putno Citizen of Rom to death bur in battle, and ſhould ſack no
City that was ſubject to the Empire of Ro s,the which made Powpey's part the better liked. For they
that had nothing, to do with the wars, either becauſe they dwelt 4 off, or elſe for that they were ſs
poor, as otherwiſe they were not regarded : did yet both in deed and word favour Zangey's part,
thinking him an enemy both to the gods and men, that wiſhed not Pompey victory. Ceſar allo ſhewed
The clemency himſelf very merciful and courteous, where he overcame. For when he had won all Toompey's Army
of Caſar. thatwas in Sy a1, be ſuffered the Captains that were taken to go ar liberty, and onely reſerved the
Caſur coming ſouldiers. Then coming over the Alpes again, he paſſed through all IT aLy, and came to the Ciry
out of Spainre- of BRuNDusTuM in the Winter quarter : and there paſſing over the ſea, he went unto the ry Bag
turnedto Brun- Ox1cun, and landed there. Now (eſar having YVibs#, one of Pompey's familiar friends with him,
= whom he had taken priſoner : he ſent him unto Pompey, to pray again that they might meer, and
both of them diſperſe their Armies within three days, and being reconciled (giving their faith one
to another) ſo to return into ITALY like good friends |together, Pompey thought again, that
theſe were new deviſes to intrap him. Thereupon he ſuddenly went down to the . ſea, and took all
the places of ſtrength by the ſea fide, ſafely to lodge his Camp in, and all the ports, creeks ,
and harbours for ſhips to lie in rode ; ſo that what wind ſoever. blew on the sky, it ſerved his. turn
to bring him either men, victuals, or money. Ceſar on, the. other fide was ſo diſtreſſed both by
ſea and by land, that he was driven to procure. battle, and to afſail Pompey even in his own Forts,
oe. to make him come to fight with him : of , RO ery ages he ever had the beige RAN ons,
P over: - ſaving once, when he was in danger to have loſt all his Army. For Po valiantly rep
thee Cſer, "0p and 'made them fly, _ {lain ewo- thouſand of them in the, Bel but he durſt not
enter pell mell with them into their Camp, as.they fled. Whereupon Ceſar ſaid to his friends, that
his enemy: had won the victory that day, if. he bad known bow, to overcome, This victory put
Pompey's men in ſuch courage; that they would. needs hazard battle. And Pompey himlelt alſo
though he wrote letters unto ſtrange Kings, Captains, and Cities of his confederacy, as if he had al-
ready won all; was yet afraid to tight another battle, thinking ir better by tra of time, and diſtreſs
of yicuals, to overcome him, For: Ceſars men being old and expert ſouldiers, and wont ever to
have the victory when they fought rogerher ; he. knew they would be loth to be brought to fight o7
other kind of way, to be driven to often removing of their Camp from place co place , and ſti
. | ro
%
wh?
4 -
1
=o
4 PR.” h
PEIVS.
U/
——mmd, and fight it out. But notwithſtanding that Pompey had before perſwaded his men to be
quiet, and not to- ſtir, perceiving that after this laſt bickering, Ceſar being ſcanted with viRtuals
raiſed his Camp, and departed thence to go'into THESSALy, through the Cquatrey of the Ara z-
NIANS : then he could no more bridle their glory and courage, which cryed, Ceſar is fled, let us
follow him. And others, let us return home'again into ITaLy. And others alſo ſent their friends and
ſervants'before to Row, to hire them houſes near the Marker-place : intending when they came thi-
ther to ſue for Offices in the Commonwealth, Some there were alſo that in a jollity would needs
rake ſhip, and ſail intothe Iſle of Lz s Bos, unto Cornelia (whom Pompey had ſent thither) to car-,
ry her that good news, that the war was ended. Thereupon affembling the Council , Africans
thought it beſt to win ITALY, for that was the chiefeſt mark to be ſhot ' at in this war : - for
wholoever obtained that, had ſtraight all $1c1Lt, SarD1N1a, CORSICA, SPAIN, and Gauri
at commandment, Furthermore, that. it was a diſhonour to Pompey (which in reafon ſhould touch
him above all things) to ſuffer their Countrey to be in ſuch cruel bondage and ſubje&ion unto ſlaves
and flatterers of Tyrants, offering it felt as it were into their hands, But Pompey neither thought ir
honourable for him, once again to fly from (ſar, and to make him follow him, fith fortune had
given him opportunity to have Ceſar in chaſe : nor lawfull alſo before the gods, to forſake his father in
law Scipio, and many other alſo that had been Conſuls, diſperſed abroad in Gxztct and TH $-
SALY, Which ſhould immediately fall into (eſars hands, with all their riches and Armies they had.
Furthermore, he ſaid, that they had care enough for the Ciry of Rome, which drew the Wars far-
theſt off from them : ſo as, they remaining ſate and quiet at home (neither hearing nor feeling the
miſery of Wars) might in-the end peaceably receive and welcome him home, that remained conquer-
our. With this determination, he marched forward to follow Ceſar, being determined not to
give him battle, but to beſiege him, and onely to compaſs him in ſtill being near unto him, and: ſo
co cut him off from victuals. There was alſo another reaſon that made him to follow that determi-
nation. For it was reported to him, that there was a ſpeech given our among the Ro a x Knights,
that ſo ſoonas ever they had overcome Ceſar, they muſt allo bring Powpey to be a private man a-
gain, Some ſay therefore, that Pompey would never afterwards employ Cato in any great matters
of weight inall this War : for when he followed Ceſar, he left him to keep his carriage by the ſea
ſide, fearing that ſo ſoon as Ceſar was once overcome, he would make him ſtraight alſo reſign his
authority. Pompey following («ſar in this manner fair and ſoftly, they cryed out upon him, that
he made no War with Ceſar, bur againſt his Countrey and the Senate, becauſe he might be {till in
authority : and that he would never leave to have them for his ſervants and guard about him, which
ſhould rule and command the world, Furthermore, Domitius /Anobarbus, calling him continually
eA ramemnon, and King of Kings : made him muchto be envied. Phaonixs alſo mocked him as much
as the other, that ſpake moſt boldeſt : for he went crying up and down, My maſters, I give you war-
ning, you are like to eat no THuscuLAaN figs this year, And Lucixs eAfranius allo, he that had
loſt the Army which he had in Spain, and was alſo ſuſpefted for a traitor, ſeeing Pompey then
refuſed to come to battle ; I marvel, ſaid he, that they which accuſe me, do not luſtily go to find
him out, whom they call the Marchant and common buyer of Provinces, td fight with him preſently 2
With theſe and many ſuch other lewd ſpeeches, they compelled Pompey in the end (who could not a-
bide to be ill ſpoken of, and would not deny his friends any thing) to follow their vain hope and
defires, and to forſake his own wiſe determination : the which thing, no good ſhip-maſter, and much
leſs a chief and ſoveraign Captain over ſo many Nations and ſo great Armies , ſhould have
ſuffered and conſented unto. Now, he that did alwaies commend the Phyſitians, that would not fol-
low the fond deſire of the fick patients : was himſelf contented to obey the worſt part of his Ar-
my, fearing their diſpleaſure, where their life or health ſtood in hazard. For who would think,
or. judge them to be wiſe men, and in their wits, who walking up and down their Camp, did
already ſue to be Conſuls and Prztors ? conſidering that Spinther, Domitins, and Scipio , were
at ſtrife rogether, making friends co be high Biſhop (which Office ({'sſar had) as if they ſhould
have fought with Tigranes King of ARMENIA , or with the King of the Na BaTHEta Ns,
which had camped by them, and not with {ſar and his Army : who had taken a thouſand Towns
by aſſault, had ſubdued above three hundred ſeveral Nations , and had won infinite bartles
of the Germans and Gauts , and was never overcome , he had alſo taken a Million of
men priſoners, and had likewiſe (lain. ſo many at divers battles. All this notwithſtanding , they
of -Pompey's ſide ſtill being importunate of him , and troubling him in this ſort: in fine, when
they were come into the fields of PHarsatia , they compelled Pompey t9 call a Council,
There Labienus, General of the horſemen ſtanding up, ſware before them all , that he would
inten memſelves, and therefore that they would rather put it to adventure our of 7
Pompey follows.
eth Caſar into
Theſſaly.
Pompey mock- -
ed ct his own
ſouldiers.
Caſars con-
quelts.
L abienus Ge-
not return from the battle, before-he had made his enemies ro fly, -The like oath all the reſt did neral of Poin-
rake, * .The next night following, Pompey thought in his dream , that he came into the Theatre,
and thar the people to honour him, made a marvellous great clapping of their hands : and that he
himſelf did ſer forth the Temple of yenus the Conquerour with many ſpoils. - This vifton part-
ly put him in good courage, and partly again made him doubt : for that he was afraid , becauſe
Ceſars family was:deſcended from this goddeſs Venus , that his dream did fignifie , that he
ſhould have the honour of the victory, with the ſpoils he ſhould win of him. Beſides all this,
there were ſudden and fearfull noiſes heard in his Camp , without any apparent cauſe , thar
waked all the Camp upon it, At the fourth watch, when the watch is renewed in the morning,
Aaa 3 there
peys horlemen.
Pompeys dream
before the bar-
tle of Pharfalia
Wongerfuil
noifes beard in
Pompeys camp..
POMPE TA
there was ſeen a marvellous great light over Ceſars Camp, and tl e |t
med like a burning torch, and fell into Pomwpey's Camp. The which C2ſar himſelt 0 "he'la
when he went to viſit the watch. At the break of the day , (ſar being determined to raiſe
Camp, and to go to the City of ScoTusA, as his ſouldiers were buſie about overthrowing of
their Tents, and ſending away their bag and baggage before : there came Scouts unto him, that
brought him word they ſaw a great deal of Armour and weapon carried too and fro in their ene-
mies Camp, and heard a noiſe and buſtling beſides, as of men that were preparing to fight. After
theſe cafne in other Scouts, that brought word alſo that their Vaward was already ſet in battle ray.
Then Ceſar ſaid, that the day was now come they had longed for ſo ſore, and that they ſhould
now fight with men , not with hunger, nor with want of victuals : and thereupon gave order pre-
ſently that they ſhould put out the red Coat of 'Arms upon his Tent, which was the ſign the Rc -
MANS uſed to ſhew that they would fight. The ſouldiers ſeeing that out , left their carriage and
Tents, and with great ſhouts of joy ran to Arm themſelves, The Captains of every band alſo
beſtowed every man in ſuch place as he ſhould fight, and ſo they conveyed themſelves into battle ray,
Pompey'sArmy without any tumult or diſorder, as quietly, as if they ſhould have entered into a dance. Pompey
ſet in bartleray himſelf led the right Wing of his Army againſt eAn-tony, The middle of the battle he gave unto Sc:-
in Pharſalia. piohis Father in law being right againſt Domitius Calvinus, The left Wing alſo was led by Luci
Domitins e/Enobarbus, the which was guarded with men of Arms, all the horſemen were placed on
that fide, to diſtreſs {ſar if they could, that was directly againſt them : and to overthrow the
tenth Legion that was ſo much accounted of, being the valianteſt ſouldiers the enemy had in all his
Army, among the which («ſar did ever uſe to fight in perſon.* {ſar then ſeeing the left Wing
of his enemies ſo ſtrong with the guard of the horſemen, and being afraid of the brightneſs of their
Armour: brought forward fix Enſigns for ſupply, which he placed hard behind the tenth Legion,
commanding them that no man ſhould ſtir, leaſt cheir enemies ſhonld diſcover them, And further-
more, when the horſemenof the enemies ſhould come to give charge upon them, that then they
ſhould run with ſpeed onthe one fide of the foremoſt Ranks, and not to throw their darts far
from them, as the valianteſt ſouldiers are wont to do, to come to the ſword the ſooner : but to
throw them upwards in their enemies eyes and faces. For, faid he, theſe brave fellows and fine dan-
cers, will never abide to have their faces marred. And this was Ceſars device at that time. Pompey
Pmpey's ordi» . being on hcrſeback, rode up and down to conſider the ordinance of both battles : and perceiving
nance of his that his enemies ſtood ſtill in their Ranks, looking for the ſignal of battle, and that his. own battle
Ce miſlibec on the other ſide waved up and down diſorderly, as men unskilfull in Wars : he was afraid they
Pompey's ordi- Would fly before they were charged. Thereupon he ſtraightly commanded them in the Vaward, that
nance. they ſhould Rteadily keep their Ranks, and ſtanding cloſe together ſhould ſo defend themſelves, re-
ceiving the charge of the enemy, But Ceſar diſliked of that device, for thereby, ſaid he, the force
of their blows was leſſened, and in/ with-holding them from giving the charge, he not onely took
away that courage which the affailant carrieth with him coming with fury : but made them moreo-
ver Francs , in receiving the charge of the enemies. -In Ceſars Army, there were about two
Bartle berwixt and twenty thouſand fighting men : and in Pompey's Army, ſomewhat above twice as many. Now,
Cajer _ 1 when the word of battle was given of either 54 and that the Trumpets did ſound the allarm :
45 Khan: every man began to look to himſelf, But a few of the chiefeſt of the Romans, and certain
GRECtANS that were there alſo out of the ſer battle, perceiving the imminent danger, began to
bethink them : to what paſs the ambition and wilfull contention between theſe two men , had
brought the State of Romz, For the weapons of kinſmen, the bands of brethren , the -Enſigns
all alike, the flower of ſo many valiant men of one City, did ſerve for a notable example, to ſhew
how mans nature prickt forward with covetouſneſs, is quite blind and without reaſon. For if they
could have been contented quietly to have governed that which they had conquered : the greaceſt
and beſt part of the world, both by ſea and by land was ſubje& unto them, Or otherwiſe, if they
could not have quenched their unſatiable defire of victory and triumph, they had occaſion of war
enough offered them againſt the PaxTHIAans and GERMANS. Furthermore they had enough
to do beſides to conquer ScyTH1A, and the INDIANS: and withall, they had had an honeſt co-
lour to have cloaked their ambitious deſires, if it had been but to have brought the barbarous people
to a civil life, For what horſemen of ScyTH1Aa, or Arrows of PaRTHI1A, or riches of InD1-
ANS, Could have abidden the power of threeſcore and ten thouſand Roman ſouldiers, and ſpecial-
ly being led by two famous Captains, as Pompey, and Ceſar ? whoſe names, theſe ſtrange and far
Nations underſtood long before the name of the Romans : ſo great were their victories, having
conquered ſo many wild and barbarous people, They both being then in Arms the one againſt the
other , not regarding their honour which made them. ſo ambitious : did not ſpare their 'own
Countrey, who had untill that time remained unvincible, both in fame and proweſs, For, the al-
liance that was made betwen them, the love of J«la, and marrying with her, was ſuſpe&ed from
the beginning to be but a deceit, and a pledge as it were of a conſpiracy made between them, for a
private benefit, more then for any true friendſhip. Now when the fields of PHarsat1a were
covered over with men, with horſe and armour, and that the fignal of battle was given on either
; . fide: the firſt manof Ceſars Army that advanced forward to give charge, Was Cain Craſſinius, Cap-
_7 _— rain of ſixſcore and five men, to perform a great promiſe which he had made unto Ceſar. For Ceſar,
onſer of Ceſar; When he came out of his Tent in the morning, ſeeing him, called himto him by his name, and asked
fide. him what he thought of the ſucceſs of this battle > Craſſinins holding our bis right hand unto him,
coua-
Caeſars order of
fight.
his
OJ
PEIUS.
6
lycr eſar, thine is the victory, and this day thou ſhalt commend me either alive
or dead. Then remembring theſe words, he'brake out of the ranks, and many following after him,
"ran amongſt the middeſt of his enemies, Straight they came to'the word, and made great ſlaughter,
But he preſſing forward till, one with a thruſt ran him through the mouth, that the ſwords point
came through at his neck. Thereupon (aſinis being (lain, the battle was equal : Pompey did
not make his left Wing march oyer ſuddenly, bur ſtayed, and caſt his eyes abroad to ſee what his horſe-
men would do, the which had already divided their companies, meaning to compaſs in Ceſar, and
to make the ſmall number of horſemen which he had before him, to give back upon the ſquadron of
his footmen. On the other ſide, as ſoon as Ceſar had given the ſignal of battle, his horſemen re-
tired back a little, and the fix Enſigns which he had placed ſecretly behind them (being three thou-
ſand fighting men) ran ſuddenly to affail. the Enemy upon the flanck, and when they came near un-
ro the horſemen, they threw rhe points of their darts upwards according to Ceſars commandment,
and hit the young gentlemen full in their faces. They being utterly unskilfull to fight, and leaſt of
all looking for ſuch manner of fight ; had nor the hearts to defend themſelves, nor to abide to be hurt
as they were in their faces, bureurning their heads, and clapping their hands on their faces, i fully
fled. They being overthfown, («/ars men made no account to follow them, but went and gave
charge upon the battle of foormen, in that place ſpecially where they had no guard of horſemen, where-
by they might eaſilier be compaſſed about. Thus, they being charged by them in the flank, and in the
Vaward allo by the tenth Legion, perceiving themſelves (contrary to their expetation) compaſſed a-
bout by their enemies, where chey thought to have environed them : they could make no longer reſiſt-
ance, They alſo being likewiſe driven to fly, when Pompey ſaw the duſt in the element, and conjeQur-
ed the flying of his horſemen : what mind he was of then, it was hard to ſay. For by his countenance,
a man might well think he was like a man amazed, and at his wits end, forgetting that he was Pompey
the great : forthat he went ſtraight into his Camp, and ſpake never a word to any man, rightly verity-
ing Homers verſes to this effect ;
But mighty Jove who ſits aloft in Ivory Chariot high,
Strake Ajax with ſo great a fear, that Ajax by and by
Let fall bu Leathern Target, made of tough Ox hide ſeven fold,
And ran away, not looking back, for all be was ſo bold,
In this eſtate Pompey entred into his Tent, and fate down there a great while, and ſpake never a word :
untill ſuch time as many of the enemies entred pell mell with his men that fled into his Camp, And then,
he ſaid no more, bur, What, even into our Camp? and ſo riſing up, he put a Gown on his back even
fir for his misfortune, and ſecretly ſtole out of the Camp. The other Legions alſo fled : and great ſlaugh-
ter was made of che Tent-keepers, and their ſervants that guarded the Camp. For Aſinius Follio wri-
tech (who was at that battle on (#ſars ſide) that there were ſlain onely but fix thouſand ſouldiers,
Howbeit at the taking of their Camp, Ceſars ſouldiers then found plainly the madneſs and vanity of
Pompey'smen. For, all their Tents and pavilions were full of Nolegays and Garlands of Mirtle, and
their Couches all covered with Flowers, their tables full of bowls of wine,and men prepared ready to do
ſacrifice for joy, rather then to arm themſelves to fight, Thus went they to battle, carried away with
this vain and fooliſh hope. When Pompey was gone a little way from his Camp, he forſook his horſe,
having a very few with him : and perceiving that no man purſued him, he went on toot fair and ſoftly,
his head full of ſuch thoughts and imaginations, as might be ſuppoſed a man of his like calling mighc
have, who for four and thircy years ſpace together, was wont continually to carry victory away, and
began then even in his laſt caſt, to prove what it was to fly, and to be overcome; and who thought then
with himſelf, how in one hours ſpace he had loſt the honour and riches which he had got in ſo many
ſoughten fields and battles, whereby he was not long before followed and obeyed of ſo many thouſand
men of war, of ſo manyhorſemen, and of ſuch a great Fleet of Ships on the ſea, and then to go as he
did in ſuch poor eſtate, and with ſo ſmall a train, that his very enemies who ſought him, -knew bim nor,
Thus wh2n he was paſſed the City of Lak1s 5 a, and coming to the valley of Tempe : there being a
thirſt, he fell down on his belly and drank of the River. Then riſing up again, he went his way thence
and came to the ſea (ide, and took a fiſhers cottage where he lay all night, The next morning by break
of the day, he went into a little boat upon the River, and took the free men with him that were abour
him : and as for the laves, he ſent them back again, and did counſel them boldly to $0 to (ſar,
and not to be afraid. Thus rowing up and down the ſhore fide, inthis little boat, he ſpied a great
ſhip of burdenin the main' ſea, riding at- Anchor, which was ready to weigh Anchor, and to ail
away. The maſter of the ſhip was a Rom a N, who, though he was not familiarly acquainted with
Pompey, yet knew him by fight very well. He was called Pericis, who had dreamed the night be-
fore, that he ſaw Pompey ſpeak unto him, not like the man he was wont to be, but in poverty and
in miſery. So, he had told this dream unto the Mariners which failed with him (as men commonly uſe
to do, {ſpecially when they dream of ſuch weighty matters, and being at leiſure withall ) and at
the very inſtant, there was one of the Mariners that told him, he ſaw a little boat on the River
rowing towards them, and that there were men in it that ſhook their cloaks ar them, and held
out their hands. Thereupon Peticius ſtanding up, knew Pompey ſtraight, even in like caſe as he had
dreamed of him the night before : and clapping his head for anger , commanded his Mariners
to let down his boat, and gave his hand, calling him Pompey by his name, miſtruſting ( ſee-
ing him in that eſtate ) what misfortune had happened to lym. Thereupon , not looking ro r7
intreated,
Craſſinius lain
Pompeys horſe-
men put to
»
flightby Caſan,” *
Pompey: fyin
in the fields 0
Pharſalis.
Aſinius Polio
reporteth this
bactle.
The miſerable
ſtate of Pompey
Peticius dreanm
of Pompey.
bs
h
* 8
D
q
py —————
POMPEM
— intreated, nor thathe ſhould tell him of his miſhap, he received him intoE
Pompey imbar- would have with him, and then hoiſed ſail. With Pompey there were both the Lentull and Faomur
kerh in P27” Shortly after-alſo, they perceived King Dejoraras coming from the River to them, that beckened ant. |
ſhips Roman ade 1gns to receive him : which they did. Ar ſupper time, the maſter of the ſhip, made ready ſuch ”
... © meatas he had aboard, Faonime ſeeing Pompey for lack of men to wait on him, waſhing of himſelf ;
ran unto him, waſhed him, and anointed him, and afterwards continued till ro wait upon him, and to
do ſuch ſervice about him, as ſervants do to their maſters, even to waſhing of his feet, and making rea-
dy of his ſupper. When a ſimpJe man ſaw him, that could no skill of ſervice, he aid :
554
Good gods ! how every thing becometh noble men ?
Pompey arriv- Pompey paſſing then by the City of AMPHIPOLI1S, coaſted from thence into the Iſle of Lz.s nos, to
ethin the Iſle go fetch his wite Cornelia and ts ſon being then in the City of MITYLENE. There having caſt our
Lesbos, at the hjs Anchor, and riding at rode, he put a meſſenger on the ſhoar, and ſent him unto the City to his wife:
= «2. ot according to her expeRation, who was ſtill in good hope by continual letters and news brought un-
| tO her, that the war was ended and determined « buy _ of DyRR AcHIUM. This meſſenger now
finding her in this hope, had not the heart ſo much as to falute her, but letting her underſtand rather
by his tears then words, the = misfortune —_ had : told her, ſhe muſt diſpatch quickly, if ſhe
The forrow of Would ſee P tmpey with one ſhip onely, and none of his own but borrowed, The young Lady hearing
Cornelis for theſe news, fell down in a ſound before him, and neither ſpake nor ſtirred of longtime : but after ſhe
Pompey's oyer- Was.come to her ſelf, remembring that it was no time to weep and lament, ſhe went with ſpeed through
throw. | the City unto the ſea fide. There Pompey meeting her, took her in his arms, and embraced her. Bur -
——_— ſhe ſinking under him, fell down and ſaid : Out alas, wo worth my hard fortune, not thine (good hul-
| « - > + day band): that I ſee thee now brought to one poor ſhip, who before thou marriedſt thy unfortunate Cor-
The words of . nelia, wert wont to ſail theſe ſeas with five hundred ſhips. © Alas, why art thou come to ſee me, and
Cornelia uno * why didſt thou not leave me to curſed fate and my wicked deſtiny : fith my ſelf is cauſe of all this thy
Pompey. * evil? Alas, how happy a woman had I been, if I had been dead before I heard of the death of my firſt
&« husband Publizs Craſſus, whom the wretched ParxTH1ANSs flew? And how wiſe a woman had I
&« been, if (according to my determination) I had killed my ſelf immediately after him : where now I
© live to bring yet this misfortune unto Pompey the Great ? It is reported that (drnelia ſpake theſe
Pmjiey's and words, . and-that Pompey alſo anſwered her in this manner. © Peradventure Cornelia mine, thou haſt
=. 1.44 9, ro better fortune, which hath alſo deceived thee, becauſe ſhe hath continued longer with me
nelia. <« then her manner is. But fincewe are born men, we muſt patiently bear theſe troubles, and prove for-
& tune again. For it is no impoſlible matter for us again to come into proſperity out of this preſent mi-
&« ſery, as to fall our of late proſperity into preſent calamity. When Cornelia heard him fay fo, ſhe
' ent back into the City for her ſtuffand tamily. The M1TyLENTANS alſo came openly to ſalute Pom-
*. -pey, and prayed him to come into the City, and refreſh himſelf; but Pompey would not, and gave
them counſel to obey the Conquerour, and not to fear any thing, for Ceſar was a juſt man, and of a
courteous nature, Then Pompey turning to —_— the Philoſopher, who came among the Citizens
Panddnicten- alſo to ſee him : made his complaint unto him, an reaſoning a little with him about divine providence,
etch with Cra- Cratipps courteoully- yielded unto him, putting him till in better hope, fearing leſt he would have
tippus the Phi» grown too hot and troubleſome, if he ſhould have holden him hard to it, For Pompey at the length
loſopher, about might have asked him, what providence of the gods there had been in his doings? And Cratippus might
_—_ provi= have anſwered him, that for the ill government of the Commonwealth at Rome, it was of neceſhit
Fm that it ſhould fall into the hands of a ſoveraign Prince, Peradventure (7atippxs might then have aske
him: how and whereby Pompey wouldſt thou make us believe, if thou hadft overcome ſar, that
thou wouldft have uſed thy good fortune better then he ? But for divine matters refer them to the gods
asit pleaſeth them. Pompey taking his wife and friends with him, hoiſed fail, and landed no where, but
Pompey arriy- compelled to take freſh acates and water. The firſt Ciry he came unto was ATT A L1A in the Country
eth at Attalia, of PAMPHYLIA. Thither came to him certain Galleys out of C1L1c1a, and many ſeuldiers alſo,
in the Country ;nſomuck he had threeſcore Senators of Roms again in his company. Then underſtanding that his
_ emfhy1%. * Army by ſea was yet whole, and that {aro had _—_ together'a great number of his ſouldiers after
.þ the overthrow, whom he had tranſported with him into Axr1cx : he lamented, and complained un-
to his friends, that they had compelled him to fight by land, and not ſuffered him to help himſelf with
his other force wherein he was the ſtronger : and that he kept not ſtill near unto his Army by ſea,
that if fortune failed him by land, he might yet preſently have repaired to his power ready by ſea, to
Pompey's grear Dave reſiſted his enemy. To confeſs atruth, Pompey committed not ſo great a fault in all his War,
error, and* Ce. neither did Ceſar put forth a better device, then to make his _ fight far from his Army by ſea.
ſars crafty de-, ,Thus . Pompey being driven to attempt ſomewhat according to his ſmall ability, he ſent, Ambaſſadors
vice. unto the Cities, To others, he went himſelf in perſon alſo to require money, wherewith he manned
and armed ſome ſhips. This notwithſtanding, fearing the ſudden approach. of his enemy, leſt he
ſhould prevent him before he could put any reaſonable force in. readineſs for to reſiſt him ; he be-
thought himſelf what place he might beſt retire unto for his moſt ſafery. When he had ' conſidered of
it, he thought that there was never a Province of the Rom a xs that could ſave and defend them.
And for other ſtrange Realms, he thought Pax TH1Aa above all other, was the-beſt place to re-
ceive them into.at that preſent (having ſo ſmall a power as they had) and that it was beſt able to help
and aid them, : Other of his counſell were of mind to go. into AFRicx, unto King Juba. But
57 38 : | T heophanes
_
R FOR, F 0; AY o E I UV S. 555
cophanes Ez 5s B1aN ſaid, he thought it a great folly, to leave &G y yt which was but three days
failing from thence, and King — ing bat lately come to. mans ſtate, and bound unto Pompey _
for the late friendſhip and favaur his found of him) and to go put himſelf into the hands of the fwaded RR
PARTHIANS, the vileſt and unfaithfulleſt Nation in the world, and not to prove modeſty of a Ro- tofly into +
MAN, that had been his father in-law, whoſe proſperity if he could have endured, he would bave been £?*- »
the chiefeſt man : and now to: pur himſelf ro A4rſaces good will, who could not away with Crafſas'
when he lived. Further, be thought it an ill part alſo, for him to go carry his young wite of the noble
houſe of Scipio, amongſt the barbarous people, who think it lawfull for them cn villany and
inſolency they liſt to any, For, admit ſhe have nor the villany offered her by them; yer ic is an unde-
cent thing, to think ſhe might have been diſhonoured they having her in their power ts do it. There:
was no perſwaſion (25 they ſay) bur this onely that rurned Pompey unto Eupbrares * for it ſeemerh
that Pompey's counlel, and not his fortune made. him take that way, Being determined therefore to fly
into £6Gy PT, he departed out of :Cy erus ina Galley of S:r8uci a with his wite Cornelia. The
reſidue of his train imbarked alfo, ſome into Galleys, and others into Merchants ſhips of great bur- |
den, and ſo ſafely paſſed the ſea without danger. When Pompey heard news that King Prolomy was in Pompey arriy=
the City of Ps Lus1uM with his Army, making war againſt his titer : hewent thither, and ſent a meſ- © in Zgype
ſenger before unto the King, ro advertiſe him of his arrival, and to entreat him to receivehim, King port We
Prolomy was then but a young man,inſomuch as one Porh5nus governed all the whole Realm under him. porhjnus an
He aſſembled a Council of the chiefeſt and wiſeſt men of his Court, who had ſuch credit and authority .Eunuch, and
as it pleaſed him to givethem. They being afſembled, he commanded every man in the Kings name gr9om of the
ro - his mind touching the receiving of Pompey, whether the King ſhould receive him or not, It was _ -
a miſerable thing to ſee Porbinus an Eunuch of the Kings, and Theodotws of C410, and hired ſchool- ;,.. Ull 4s
maſter to teach che young King Rhetorick, and Achillas AGyPTIAN to conſult among themſelves gyps. f
what they ſhould do with Pompey the Great, Theſe were the chiefeſt counſellors of all his Eunuches,
and of thoſe that had brought him up. Now did Pompey, ride at Anchor upon the ſhore fide, expeR- £
ing the reſolution of his Council : in the which the opinions of other were divers, for ſome would not ——
have received him : other would that he ſhould be received. But-the Rhetorician Theodorus tro ſhew | yrians, for ©
his eloquence, perſwaded them, that neither the one nor the other wasto be accepted, For, ſaid he, thereceiving of
if we receive him, we ſhall have Cſar our enemy, and Pompey our Lord : and if we do deny himon Pompey.
the other ſide, Pompey will blame us for refuſing of him, and Ceſar for not keeping of him. There-
fore this ſhould be the reſolution, to ſend o kill him: for thereby we ſhould win: the good will of the ,,,
one, and not fear the diſpleaſure of the other : and ſome ſay moreover, that he added this mock with» {,,4eq -# « -1
all : A dead man bites not. They being determined of this among themſelves, gave Achillas commiſ- to kill Pompey.
fionto doit. He taking with him Seprimixs (who had charge aforetime under Pompey) and Salving A dead man
another Centurion alſo, with three or four ſouldiers beſides, they made rowards Pompey's Galley, ——_—
about whom were at that time the chiefeſt of his train, to ſee what would become of this matter, But —_ ofkill
when they ſaw the likelihood of their entertainment, and chat it was not in Princely ſhew and manner, O_—
nor nothing anſwerable to the hope which Theophanes bad put them in, ſeeing ſo few men come tothem
in a fiſher boat : they began then to miſtruſt the ſmall account that was made of them, and counſelled
Pompey to return back, and to launch again into the ſea, being out of the danger of the hurling of a
dart, In the meantime, the fiſher boat drew near, and Seprimizs roſe and ſaluted Pompey in the Ro-
MAN tongue, by the name of Imperator, as much as ſoveraign Captain : and Achil/as alſo ſpake to How Pompey
him in the Greek tongue, and bad him come into his boat, becauſe that by the ſhore ſide, there was a *** *<ccived
great deal of mud and ſand banks, fo that his Galley ſhould have no water to bring him in. Ar the ve- act
ry ſame time, they ſaw afar off divers of che Kings Galleys, which were arming with all ſpeed poſſible,
and all the ſhoar beſides full of ſouldiers. Thus, though Pompey and his company would have altered
their mind, they could not have told how to have eſcaped : and furthermore, ſhewing that they had
miſtruſted them, then they had given the murtherer occaſion ro have executed his cruelty. So taking
his leave of his wiſe Cornelia, who lamented his death before hisend : he commanded two Centurions to
o down before him in the AGy PT1A Ns boat, and Phil:p one of his ſlaves infranchiſed, with another
ſave called Scynes, When Achillas reached our his hand to receive him into his boat, he turned bim
to his wife and ſon, and ſaid theſe verſes of Sophocles unto them :
The man that into Court comes free,
Muſt there in ſtate of bondage be,
Theſe were the laſt words he ſpake unto his people, when he left his own Galley and went into the Z-
GYPTIANS boat, Theland being a great way off from his Galley, when he {aw never a man in the
boat ſpeak friendly unto him, bebolding Septimixs, he ſaid unto him : Merhinks my friend I ſhould
know thee, for that thou haſt ſerved with me heretofore. The other nodded with his head that it was
true, but gave him no anſwer, nor ſhewed him any courteſie, Pompey ſeeing that no man ſpake to him,
took a little book he had in his hand, in the which he had written an oration that he meant ro make un-
to King Prolomy, and began to read it. When they came near the ſhoar, Cornelia with her ſervants ,, | ney the
and friends about her, ſtood upin her ſhip in great fear, ro ſee what ſhould become of Pompey. S0 Great cruelly
ſhe hoped well, when ſhe ſaw many of the Kings people on the ſhoar, coming towards Powpey at his flainas he
landing, as it wereto receive and honour him. Burt even as Powpeytook Philip his hand more eafily, landed.
Septiming came firſt behind him and thruſt him through with his ſword. Next unto him alſo, Salvius bo n—__
and Achillas drew out their ſwords in like manner, Pompey then did no more but took up his Gown | 7 n—_ p_
with his hands and bid bis face, and manly abid the hes x
»
:
-
-
they gave bim, onely Gighing a little. = his death,
wn
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—_— cheix ſhips, when.chey ſaw bam murtheved, gave ſuch. @ fearful ory, that ir; was heard: to
the ſhoar : thety weighing up their Anchors with. ſped, they-hailed fail, and departed their way, ha-
ving wind arwillthat-blew a luſty galc, as ſoon. as: they bad gotcen-to zhe main fea, The AG ex 1-
- ANs which prepared to row after chem, when they @w-they were paſtitheir reach, and unpofilible to
be:dvertaken, they let:them.go. Then taving ſtricken off Pompey's lead, they threw his body overboard,
foramiſcrable ſpe&acle ta all rhofe that were deſixous to fee him. Phibip his infranchifed bondman.
remained ever: by/it, until} ſuch time as the AG y 8T3A NS bad ſeen. ir their! bellies full, Then baving
waſhed his body with ſalt water,. and: _— up inan old ſhirt of his, becauſe be had no other (hitr
tolay.itin : lie foughtupon4he ſands, and foundar length a picce of an old fiſher boat, enough to ferve
to burn his naked body: with, but necall fully ow. As he was bufie gathering the broken pieces of this
71 thither-came untohim an old RoMa v, who-in his youth had ſerved under Powpey,
Thefunerals of ®4faid unto him : O friend, what art thou that prepareſt the funerals of Pompey the Great 2 Philip
Pompey. aaſwered, that he was a bondman of his infranchifed. Well, faid he, thot ſhalt not have all this ho-
. - \ new alone, L pray thee let me accompany thee in ſo.devout a deed, that I may not altogether repent me
' " 'to. have dweh ſo long in a ftrange Ceuntrey, where I have abidden fuch miſery and trouble : bur that to
' "*recompence mewithall, I may haveahis.good hap, with mine hands ta touch Pope y's body, and to
+:.; helpto bury the anely-and moſt famous-Caprain of the Ro ans. ' Thenext day after, Lucins Lextu-
Iu not knowing whar had paſſed, coming out of Cr exus, failed by the ſhoar ſide, and perceived a-
fixe made for funerals, and Php ſtanding by it, whom be knew not at the firſt... So he asked him, whar
is he that is dead and buried there 2 Bur ſtraight fetching a great alas, ſaid he, perhaps it is Poxs-
Lugius Lentu-. peythe Great, ' Then he landed a lizele, and was firaight taken and ſlain, This was the end of Powpey
Lins flain. .--, the Great. Nor long after, Ceſar alſo came into AG ÞT that was in great wars, where Pompey's
Caſararriveth head wasprefented unto him : but he turned bis head afide and would not ſee it, and abhorred him thar
in = A it asa dereſtablemurtherer. Then taking his ring wherewnh he ſealed his letters, whereupon
Th nth... Was a Lion-bolding a fword-: he burſt outa weeping. Achil.asand Porbious be pur to death,
ers of Pompey . King! Prolemy himſelf alſo, being bverthrown in battle by the River of 2 5ts, vaniſhed away, and
gut 3g deatb,. |: yras never heard of after, T beodet we the Rhetorictaneſcaped (eſars hands, and wandred up and down
.,-- Mav'eT ingreatmiſcry, deſpiltd of every man. Afterwards Adarcus' Brutxs (who flew Caſar)
conquering As 1A ymet with him by chance, and putting him to allthe torments becauld poffibly deviſe,
.. xitholength flew him... The aſhes of Pope's body were afterwards brought unto his Wife Cornetia,
+ who buried them-in a Town of hers bythe City of Az 34. EI
© | WIA + ets I mot 0 Wn CE ep Ds ns EE Ea _ - —_
—— I
|
1 The end of Pompey's Life.
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Ow that we have declared unto you the lives of eAgeſilaus and Pompey , let us
{IP compare their manners and conditions together, whictrare theſe. Firſt, Pompey
2 came to his honour and greatneſs by his integrity, and ſo advanced himſelf, and
x, Was 2 great aid unto Syl[a, doing many noble exploits, helping him to rid thoſe
tyrants out of ITALY, who held it in bondage, But Ageſs/axs uſurped the King-
dom of LACED AMON, againſt the law of gods and men, condemning Leoty-
chides for a baſtard , whom his brother avowed to be his lawtfull ſon : and con-
p = remned beſides the Oracle of the gods, which gave warning of a lame King
Furthermore, Pompey did honour Sylla while he lived, and when he was dead, gave his body honour-
able burial in deſpite of L:p:i4s : and married his daughter unto Fauſtus the ſon of Sylla. Ageſilaus
contrarily did diſhonour Lyſa7der upon light occaſion ; but Pompey had done no leſs tor Sylla, then
Sylla had done for him. Lyſ-nder on the other fide, had made Ageſslaus King of Lactvamo x, and
Lieutenant Generall of all Gxzzcz, Thirdly, the injuries that Pompey did unto the Commonweal, The faults of
were done of neceſſity to pleaſe Ceſar and Sc:pio, both of chem his fathers in law. Ageſilans alſo, to Agefilaus and
fatisfie his ſons love, ſaved Sphodr:as life that had deſerved death, for the miſchief he had done the Pompey.
ATHENIANS : and he willingly alſo took part with Phebidas , not ſecretly, but openly, becauſe
he had broken the peace made with the THe Bans. To conclude, what hurt Pompey did unto the
Romans, either through om—_ or to pleaſure his friends : the ſame did eAgeſilars unto the
LAcEDE&AMONIANS, through anger and ſelf-will, in renewing War with the BozoT1ans, up-
on a full peace concluded. If weſhall reckon of the fortune of the one and the other, in the faults
they committed : Pompey's fortune unto the RoMANns was unlooked for. But Ageſilaxs would not
ſuffer the LacED&MONIANS to avoid the lame Kingdom, though they knew it before. For
though Leorychides had been proved a baſtard ten thouſand times, yet had not the race of the E yrs-
tyontides failed, but they could have found another lawfull King among them, that ſhould have
gone upright : had not Lyſander, favouring Ageſilaus kept the true meaning of the Oracle from the
LactDamoNIAans. On the other fide again for matters of government, there was never ſuch
an excellent device found our, as was done by Ageſilaxs, to help the fear and danger the Lac £D4-
MONIANS Were in, for thoſe that fled at the bartle of LeuctREs, when he counſelled them to
let the law ſleep for that day. Neither can any man match Pompey's with the like : who, to ſhew his
friends what power he was of, did break the laws which himſelt had made. For Ageſi/aus being driven
of neceſlity to aboliſh the law, to ſave the life of his Citizens, found ſuch a device that the law was not
hurrfull ro the Commonwealth, neither yet was put down for fear it ſhould do hurt, I muſt needs
commend this for a great vertue and civility in Ageſilaxs, who ſo ſoon as he received the Scyrala (or
ſcrowl of parchment from the Ephori) returned into his Countrey, and left the war of As 14a. He
did not as Pompey, who made himſelf great to the benefit of the Commonwealth, and for the Com-
monwealths ſake, did forfake ſuch honour and ſo great authority, as never Captain before him, but
eAlexander the Great, had the like in thoſe parts. But now to other matter. Touching their battles Things done
and exploits in wars, the multitude of viRories and triumphs that Pompey obtained, and the great Ageſilaus an
Armies that he led : Xenophon himſelf if he were alive, could not compare Ageſilaus victories unto Pompey in was
his ; although for the ſingular vertues and qualities he had in him, for recompence thereof he had li-
berty granted him,” to write and ſpeak of Ageſilaus what he thought good. Methinks alſo, there was
great difference berwixt Pompey and eAgeſ/aus, in their equity and clemency towards their enemies.
For, whilſt eAgeſilaus went about to conquer THEBEs, and utterly to race and deſtroy the City of
Mes $1NA, the one being an ancient City of his Countrey, and the other the capital City of Boz0-
TIA?
a—_——
558
POMP EY and AOM
—
Ageſilaus loſt
the ſcigniory
of the Lacede.
MOnians.
Pompey's faulr
to foriake
Rome.
A ſpecial point
of a skilfull
Captain,
Ageſelaus con-
ſtanter then
Pompey.
Pompey flying
into E is
excuſed.
TIA : he had almoſt loſt his own City of Spa&T a, for at the leaſt þ
he had over the reſt of GRE cs, The other gave Cities unto PYYMa
\ ops —_ -when it was in his choice lad 1078
willing eo change their trade and manner of lite #
of ARMEN14, in triumph at Rome, heoſe rather to make him a confederate of the Romans,
ſaying, that he preferred perpetual honour before one days glory. But fince it is reaſon we ſhould give
the firſt place and honour of the diſcipline of wars, unto a Captain of the greateſt skill and experience
in wars ; the Lac EDAMONIAN then leaveth the Romans far behind. For firſt of all Ayeſslaxs ne-
ver forſook his Ciry, though it was beſieged with threeſcore and ten thouſand men, and that there were
very few within the ſame to defend it, the which alſo a little before had been overthrown at the battle of
LeucTREs. And Pompey on the other fide, hearing that Ceſar with five thouſand foormen onely had
taken a TowninITALy, fled from Roms in very great fear. And therein he cannot be excuſed of one
of theſe two : cither,that he fled cowardly for ſo tew men, or elſe that he had a falſe jmmagination of
more, For he conveyed hjs wife and children away, /but he left all the reſt without defence and fled :
where indeed heſhquld r have overcome, valiantly fighting for defence of his Countrey, or elſe
have received the conditions of peace whichche conquerors ſhould have offered him, For he was a Ci-
tizenand allied unto/bim. And be that thought it an untollerable thing, to prolong the term of his g0-
vernment, or to grant hima ſecond Conſul-ſhip : did now give him opportunicy, ſuffering him to
take the Ciry of Row £, to ſay unto Merelus the Tribune and the reft, that they-were all his priſoners.
Sith therefore it is the chiefeſt point of an excellent Captain, to compell his enemies to fight when he
findeth hunlelf-rheſtronger, and alſo to keep himſelf from compulſion of fight when he is the weaker :
Ageſilaws excelling inthat, did ever keep himſelf invincible. Ceſar alſo had great skill therein, to keep
himſelf from danger being the weaker, and again could tell how ro compell Pompey to hazard battle,
to his utter deftruction by land, where he was the weaker : and by this means he made himſelf Lord of
the treaſure, vicuals, and alſo of the ſea, which his enemies had in their hands without fighting. That
which they alledge in his excuſe, is that which moſt doth condemn him, ſpecially fot ſo great and skil-
full a Captain, For as it is likely enough, that a young General of an Army may eaſily be brought from
his wiſe and ſafe counſel, with rumour and tumult of a few fearfull men, that ſhould perſwade him it
were a ſhame and diſhonour for him if he did otherwiſe : yet were this no ſtrange matter, but a fault
to be pardoned, But for Pompey the Great, whoſe Camp the Ro ma xs called theix Countrey, and his
Tent the Senate, and called all the Prztors and Conſuls that governed at Rome , rebels and.traitors
to the Commonwealth of Roe : who could excuſe him (who was never ſeen commanded by other then
himſelf, but had been alwaies chief Captain and General inany war he made, and ever had the upper
hand) but that he was drawn on by the ſcoffs of Faonius and Domitins, to hazard battle, to endanger
the whole Empire and liberty of Rome, cap for fear they ſhould call him King Agamemnon? Who,
if he had ſo much regarded preſent infamy he ſhould have fought from the beginning for the defence of
the City of Rom, and notto have taken example of Themsſtocles pollicy by flying, and afterwards to
think it a ſhame as he did, to liein THEs SALy a time without fighting. Neither did God appoint them
the fields of Pharſalia fora Theatre, or cloſe Camp, of neceſſity to fight which of them ſhould have the
Empire of Rot. Further, there was no Herauld to ſummon him to fight, as there are at games of
price, where he muſt anſwer to his name, and come and fight, or elſe to loſe the honour of the Crown
unto another. Burt there were infinite other fields and Towns (and asa man would ſay the whole earth)
which the commodity of his Army by ſea gave him choice to conquer, ifhe would rather have followed
the ſteps of Fabins Maximus, of Marins, of Lucullus, or of Ageſilaus himſelf : who did patiently
abide no leſs tumults within the yo, ſelf of SpakTA, when the TheBAaNs went to ſummon him to
come out to fight for all the reft of his Co Andin &6yPr alſo, he did abide many falſe ac-
cuſations againſt him, wherewith the King himſelf did burthen him, praying him alwaies to have a lit-
tle patience, In fine, having followed the beſt counſel which he had determined with himſelf from the
beginning, he ſaved the &6 v T1 A x5 againſt their wills : and furthermore, he did not onely keep
the City of SpaRT 4 from ſo great a danger, but did alſs ſer up tokens of triumph in the ſame againſt
the Tye BA Ns, whereby he was not compelled at that time to lead them out to the ſlaughter, and be-
ſides that, gave his Citizens occaſion to obtain victory afterwards. Hereupon Ageſilans was highly prail-
ed of them, whoſe lives he had ſaved againſt their wills. And Pompey contrarily was blawed by them-
ſelves through whom he had offended : yer ſome ſay, that he was deceived by his father in law $c:p1o.
For he meaning to keep the moſt part of the money to himſelf which he had brought out of As14, did
haſten and perſwade Pompey to give battle, telling him there was no money left. The which though it
had been, a worthy Captain ſhould not ſo lightly have been brought into error, upon a falſe account
to hazard himſelf to loſe all. Thus may we ſee what both of them were, by-comparing them together.
Furthermore, for their journeys into AG y PT, the one fled thither by force : the other willingly went
thither with ſmall honour, for muneys ſake to ſerve the barbarous people, with intent afterwards to
make war with the Gxzcrans, Laſtly, in that which we accuſe the AGyyTiAans for Pompey's
ſake : for the like matter do they again accuſe Ageſilaus. For the one was cruelly put to death, and
betrayed by them whom he truſted : and Ageſilaus forſook them which truſted him, and went to his
enemies, having brought aid to fight againſt them.
THE
24
?
S: ing
- « -
wo
: - '
"4 LY A. ? w 4
= a» +
FC THELIFE OF
ALEXANDER The Great.
Ant. Chriſt,
3614. 334+
\ving determined in this volume to write the Life of King Alexander,and of
Nil 7-1;s Ceſar, that overcame Pompey ; and being to ſpeak of many things,
/ y If 1 will uſe none other Preface , but onely deftre the Readers not to blame me
B JN though I do not declare all things at large,bur briefly rouch divers; chiefly in
WI thoſe, their nobleſt a&ts and moſt worthy of memory. For they muſt re-
| member , that my intent is not to write Hiſtories,but onely Lives. Forthe
GI nobleſt deeds do not always ſhew mens vertues and vices, but oftentimes 4
light occaſion , a word, or ſome ſport, makes mens naturall diſpoſitions and
WY manners appear more plain, then the. famous Battels won , wherein are
ſlain ten thouſand men , or the great Armies, or Cities won by fiege,or aſ-
fault. For like as Painters or drawers of Pitures, which make no account of other parts of the body, The face ſhew-
do take the reſemblances of the face and favour of the countenance , in the which conſiſteth the judge- eth ons noo
ment of-their manners and diſpoſition : even ſo they muſt give us leave to ſeek out the ligns and to- rowing _
kens of the mind onely , and thereby ſhew the life of either of them, referring you unto others to
write the Wars ; Battels, and other great things they did. Ir is certain that Alexander was deſcended The Parentage
from Hercules by Caranws, and that by his Mothers fide, he came of the blood of the eacides by I e- of Alexander.
optolemus. They ay alſo, that King Philip his Father when he was a young man, fell in fancy with his
Mother 0lympi.a , which at that time alſo was a young Maiden, and an Orphan without Father or Mo- © pratrr
ther , in the Iſle of SAMoTHRACIA, where they were both received into themyſtery and fraternity j,;** - +4
of the Houſe of the religious : and that afterwards, he did ask her in marriage of her Brother Arym- yn,
bas ,with whoſe conſent they were married together. Thenight before they lay in wedded bed , the Olympizs
Bride dreamed, that lightning fell into her belly, and that withall , there was a great light fire that d:{- Dream. Bo
perſed it ſelf all about in divers flames. King Philip her Husband alſo, ſhortly after he was married, _ 900pS
dreamed that he did ſeal his wives belly, and that the ſeal wherewith he ſealed , left behind the print of
a Lion, Certain Wiſards and Soothfayerstold Phs/ip , that this Dream gave him warning to look
ſtraight to his wife, But Ariſtander TELMES1AN anſwered again , that it fignified bis wife was con-
ceived with child ; for that they do nor ſeal a veſſel] that bath nothing init : and that ſhe was with
child with a boy, which ſhould have a Lions heart, Ir is reported alſo, chat many times as ſhe lay 2- | ts
inher bed, there was ſeen a Serpent lying by ber, the which was the chiefeſt cauſe ( as ſome pre- ,3"*** ©
ſuppoſe ) that withdrew Phi/;ps love and kindneſs from her, and cauſed him that he lay not fo oft with
her, as before he was wont to do : either for that he feared ſome charmor enchantment , or elſe for that
he thought himſelf unmeet for her company , ſuppoſing her to be beloved of ſome god. Some do alſo
report this after another ſort : as in this manner. That the women in thoſe parts of long time , have
been commonly poſſeſt with the ſpirit of Orphexs , and the divine fury of Bacchas , whereupon they
are called Cleodones, and Mimallones (as much, as war-like and fierce) and do many things like unto
the women of EDON1A and THRAc1A, dwelling about the Mountain Amus. Hereby ut appea-
reth , that this word Treskevin fignifieth in the Greek Tongue , too fuperticioully given to the
B b b Ceremonies
Olympias the
þ ©
560 ALEXANDER
mt —
Ceremonies of the gods ) came from them. For Olympias above other W 70v
, with ſuch divine madneſs and fury , did celebrate her Solemn Sacrifice with a certalnnwor .
barbarous manner. For in theſe dances to Bacchws , ſhe carried a great number of rame Snakes*Wour "7
her, the which gliding wpon the Ivic wherewith the women were dreſſed in thoſe Ceremonies, and win-
ding themſelves about the little Javelins they had in their hands, and the Garlands about their heads,
thereby they made menthe more afraid of them. Whereupon Philip after this Dream , ſent Chero
MEGAL1POLIT 4 N unto the Oracle of Apolloat DELPHEs , to enquire what it ignified. Anſwer
was given him, that he ſhould do Sacrifice unto 7 piter Hammon, and honour him above all gods : and
that he had loſt one of his eyes, with the which he peeping inat a cranny of his chamber door,ſaw the
Sod in form of a Snake lie by his wife. Furthermore, Olympias (as Eratoſthenes writeth) bidding her
Son farewell when he went to conquer A $14 , after ſhe had ſecretly told him alone, by whom he was
The birthof begotten, ſhe prayed him to be valiant , and to ſhew himſelf worthy his Son.that begat him. Others
Alexanicr. tell alſo, that ſhe was angry with this report , ſaying : Will Alexandey neverleave to make me ſuſpe-
Red of ?uno? Soit'is , that Alexander was born on the ſixth.day ofthe Moneth of Hecatombceon,
The Temple / ; Engliſh June) which the Mac £DON1avs call Lous. On the very ſame day , the Temple of
of Diana burner ( git, JU ” OE
ar Epheſus, Diana m the City of ExHzsus was burnt , as Hegefias MAGNET 1 an doth witnels, whoſe cry and
Wonderfull exclamation was ſo terrible and cold , that it was enough to have quenched that fire. It is not to be
things ſcenat wondred at, that D5ana ſuffered her temple to be burnt, being like a Midwife, buſte about Alexangers
the birthof A- hjrth. But this is true,that all the Prieſts , Magitians and Soothſayers , which were art that time in E-
NT, PHESUS , judging that this did prognoſticate ſome marvellous great misfortune ro come like men be-
ſtraught of their wits , they ran up and down the City {miting of their faces , and crying , that ſome
great plague and miſchief was born that day unto As14a, Shortly after that King Philip had won
the City of PoT1DAa , three Meſſengers came to him the ſame day, that brought him great news.
The firſt, that Parmenio had won a notable Battell of theILLyRtANs : the ſecond , that his Horſe
onely wan the bell and prize at the Olympian Games : and the third, that his Wife had brought him
a Son called Alexander. Philip being marvellous glad to hear theſe news , the Soothſayers did
make his joy yet greater : aſſuring him , that his Son-which was born with three Victories all to-
Alcxanders gether, ſhould be invincible, Now for his ſtature and perſonage , the Statues and Images made of him
ſtature and by Ly/;pps do beſtdeclare it, for that he would be drawn of no man but him onely. Divers of his
perſonage, Succeſſors and friends did afterwards counterfeit his Image,but that excellent workman Df ppt onely,
of all other the chiefeſt , hath perfe&tly drawn and-relembled Alex anders manner of holding his
neck , ſomewhat hanging down ' towards the left fide , and alſo the ſweet look and caft ot his
eyes. But when Apelles painted Alexander , holding Lightning in his hand , he did not ſhew his
freſh colour , but made him ſomewhat black , and ſwartier then his face indeed was : for naturally
he had a very fair white colour, mingled alſo with red, which chiefly appeared in his face and in his
breſt. I remember 1 read alſo in the Commentaries of Ariſtoxenxs, that his skin had a marvellous
good favour , and that his breath was very ſweet : .inſomuch that his body had ſo ſweet a ſmell,
of it ſelf, that all the Apparell he wore next unto his body , took thereot a paſling delightfull fa-
Alexanders bo. YOUr, As if it had been perfumed, -And the cauſe hereof peradventure might be the very tempe-
dy had a mar- Tature and conſtitution of his body , which was hot and burning like fire, For Theophraſtm is of 0-
vellous {weet pinion , that the ſweet favour cometh by means of the heat that driech up the moiſture of the
ſayour, body. By which reaſon alſo it appeareth, that the dry and hot Countries parched with heat of
the Sun , are thoſe that deliver unto us the beſt Spices : becauſe that the Sun drieth up the moi-
ſture of the outward parts , as a matter of corruption, This naturall heat that Alexanaer had,
made him (as it appeareth ) to be given to drink, and to be haſty. Even from his childhood they
Alexander co. {aw that he was given to be chaſte. For though otherwiſe he was very hot and haſty , yet was he
vered honour. hardly moved with luſt or pleaſure of the body, and would moderately uſe it. But on the other ſide,
the ambition and deſire he had of honour , ſhewed a certain Gy; of mind and noble courage ,
pailing his years. For he was not ( as his Father Philip ) deſirous of all kind of glory : who like a
Rhetoritian had adelight to utter his eloquence , and ſtamped in his Coyns , the Victories he had won
at the Olympian Games, by the ſwift running of his Horie and Coaches, For when he was asked one
day ( becauſe he was ſwift of foot ) whether he would aſſay to run for victory at the Olympian
Games: I could be content ( ſaid he ) ſo I might run with Kings. And yet to ſpeak generally , he
miſliked all ſuch contention for Games. For it ſeemed that be utterly miſliked all wreſtling and other
exercile for prize , wheremendid uſe all their ftrength : but otherwiſe he himſelf made certain Feſti-
vall days and Games of prize for common Stage-players , Muſicians and Singers, and for the ve
Poets alſo. He delighted alſo in hunting of divers kind of Beaſts, and playing at the Staff, Ambaſ
ſadours being ſent on a time from the King of PERS1A , whileſt his Father was in ſome Journey out
of his Realm : Alexander familiarly entertaining of them , ſo wan them with his courteous entertain-
ment ( for that he uſed no childiſh queſtions unto them , nor asked them trifling matters , but what di-
ſtanceit was from one place to another, and which way they went into the high Countries of As14,
and of the King of Pzx 514 himſelf, how he was towards his Enemies , and what power he had) that
he did raviſh them with delight to hear him , inſomuch that they made no more account of Philips
eloquence and ſharp wit, inreſpe& of his Sons courage and noble mind , to attempt great Enter-
Thenoble = Pr1Zes, For when they brought him news that his Father had taken ſome famous Ciry, or had won
mind of Alex» {Ome great Battell, he was nothing glad to hear it, bur would ſay to his play-fellows : Sirs , my Fa-
ander. ther will have all , I ſhall haye nothing left to conquer with you , that ſhall be.ought worth, =
c
-
*":
ÞF,
{ XS
us ,
£8
-
he delighting neither in pleaſure nor riches, but onely in valiantne(s and honour , thought that the
eater Conqueſts and Realms his Father ſhould leave him , the leſs he ſhould have to dofor him-
ſelf. And therefore, ſeeing thar his Fathers Dominions and Empire increaſed daily more and more,
perceiving all occaſion taken from bim to do any great attempt, he defired no riches nor pleaſure,
but Wars and Battels, and aſpired to a Seigniory where he might with honour. He had divers men ap-
pointed him ( as it is to be ſuppoſed ) to bring him up : as School-maſters , Governours, and Grooths
of his chamber to attend upon him : and among thole , Leonidas was the chiefeſt man that had the go-
vernment and charge of him, a man of ſevere diſpoſition , and a. Kinſman alſo unto the Queen 0-
lympias. He miſliked to be called a Maſter or Tutor , though ir be an Office of good charge , where- - ,,1;4,5 th
upon others called him Alexanders Governour, becaule he was a Nobleman , and allied to the Prince. pywanerenang”
But he that bare the name of his *choolmaſter , was Lyſmaciws an AcarRnANian born, who Lal 4lexanicr.
no other manner of civility in him, ſaving that he called himſelf Phenix, Alexander Achilles , and
Philip Pelews : and therefore he was well thought of, and was the ſecond perſon next unto Leonzdas.
At what time Philonicws THESSALIAN hid brought Bacephall the Horſe to ſell unto King Philip, Bucephall, A.
asking thirteen Talents, they went into the Field to ride him, The Horſe was found ſo rough , and {***%rs
churliſh , that the riders ſaid he would never do ſervice ; for he would let no man ger upon his back, —_
nor abide any of the Gentlemens voices about King P-:/;p , hut would yerk out atthem. Thereupon
Philip being afraid, commanded them to carry him away as a wild Beaſt ,-and altogether unprofitable:
the which they had done, had not Alexander that ſtood by , ſaid :'O gods,what a Horſe do they turn
away , for lack of skill and heart to handle him ? Phil;p heard what he {aid but held his peace. A-
lexander oft repeating his words , ſeeming to be ſorry that they ſhould ſend the Horſe back again :
Why, ſaid Ph;1ip , doſt thou controll them that have more experience then thou, and that know better
then thou how to handle a Horſe ? Alexander anſwered , and yet methinks I thould handle him better
then all they have done, But if thou canſt nor, no more then they, replied Philip, what wilt thou for-
feit for thy folly ? I am content (quoth Alexanger ) to jeopard the price of the Horſe. Every man
laughed to hear his anſwer , and the wager was laid between them. Then ran A/exanger to the Horſe,
and took him by the bridle : and turned him towards the Sun. Ir ſeemed that he had marked ( as 1
ſuppoſe ) how mad the Horſe was to ſee lis own ſhadow, which was ever before him in his eye, as he
ſtirred too and fro. Then Alexander ſpeaking gently to the Horſe, and clapping him on the back The agility of
with his hand, till he had left his fury and ſnorting , ſottly let fall his Cloak from him, and lightly leap- 4/exander in
ing on his back , got up without any danger, and holding the reins of the bridle hard , withour ſtriking *577"s _
or ſtirringthe Horſe, made him to be gentle enough. Then when he ſaw that the fury of the Horle Bucephall the
was paſt, and that he began to gallop, he pur him to his full carier, and laid on ſpurs and voice a good. Horle.
Philip at the firſt with fear beholding his Sons agllity , leſt he ſhould take ſome hurt , ſaid never a
kiows : but when he ſaw him readily turn the Horſe at the end of his carier, in a bravery for that he
had done, all the lookers on gave a great ſhout for joy. The father onthe other ſide (as they (ay) fell a
weeping for joy. And when Alexander was lighted fromthe Horſe, he ſaid unto him killing his head : Ph;tip prophe.
O Son, thou muſt needs have a Realm that is meet for thee, for Mac EDON will not hold thee. fiethof his San
Furthermore, conſidering that of nature he was not tro be won by extremity , and that by gentle 4/exander,
means and perſwaſion he could make him do what he would, heever ſought rather to perſwade then
command him in any thing he had ro do. Now Ph1/ip putting no great affiance in his School-maſters
of Muſick and humanity , for the inftru&ion and education of his Son , whom he had appointed to
reach him , but thinking rather that he needed men of greater learning then cheir capacities would reach
unto ; and that as Sophocles ſaith,
He nee/ed many reins , and many bits at (nce.
He ſent for Ariſtotle ( the greateſt Philoſopher in his time, and beſt learned ) to teach his Son, unto Ariſtotle was
whom he gave honourable ſtipend. ' For Philip having won and taken betore, the City of ST a G1+ Alexanders
RA, Where Ariſtotle was born, for his ſake he built it again, and repleniſhed it with Inhabirants gr ogy we
which fled _ or otherwiſe were in bondage. He appointed them for a School-houſe and dwelling {,.þ.. City PT
place , the pleaſant houſe that is by the City of M1E za, In that place are yet ſeen ſeats of ſtone $1agire.
which Ariſtotle cauſed to be made, and cloſe walks to walk in the ſhadow. It is thought alſo, that «14
lexander did not onely learn of Ariſtotle Morall Philoſophy and Humanity , bur alſo he heard of him,
other more ſecret , hard, and grave Do&rine,which Ar;/torles Scholars do properly call Acroamata,
or Epoptica, meaning things ſpeculative, which requireth the Maſters teaching to underſtand them, or
elſe are kept from common knowledge : which Sciences they did not commonly teach. Alexander be-
ing paſſed into As 14, and hearing that Ariſtorle had put out certain Books of that marter , for the
honours ſake of Philoſophy : he wrotea Letter unto him , ſomewhat too plain, and of this etfe&, 4-
lexander unto Ariſtetle greeting, Thou haſt not done well to put forth the Acroamaticall Sciences, For a, Epiſtle cf
wherein ſhall we excell others , if thoſe things which thou haſt ſecretly taught os , be made common to Alexaxter unto
all? 1 do thee to underftand,,that I had rather excell others in excellency of knowledge, then in great- Ariſtotle.
neſs of Power, Farewell, Ariſtotle to pacifie this bis ambitious humour , wrote unto him again ,
That theſe Books were publiſhed , and not publiſhed. For to ſay truly , in all his Treatiſes which
he called ,d4 74 v+0rx2 , there is no plain inſtrution profitable for any man , neither to pick our
by himſelf, nor yet to be taught by any other then Ariſtorl: himſelf , or his Scholars. So that
i is written as a memoriall for them that have been entred and brought up in the — Set
and Do@rine, It ſeemeth alſo that it was Ariſtotle above all other , that made Me xander take
delight ro ſtudy Phyſick, For Alexander did not onely like the knowledge of ſpeculation , bur
| F b b 2 would
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ALEXANDER the Greg
Alexander the
Great praQtiſed
Phyſick.
Some think
that this place
Mould be
meanr of the
rich Coffer,
that was found
among King
Darius \ewels,
inthe which
Alexander
would have all
Homers Works
kepr.
Alexandersfitſt
Souldier-fare.
The City of
Alexandropolis
The quarrels
of Philip with
Olympias and
Alexander.
Alexander
moecketh Phj-
lip his Father.
Arideus King
Philipsbaſtard,
begotren of a
common
ſtrumper, Phi.
lima.
Philip King of ſanias ſuſtainj
Macedon flain
by Pauſanias.
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would exerciſe practiſe alſo, and help his friends when they were ſick : and made. beſides certain re-
medies , and rules to live by : as appeareth by his Letters he wrote,that ofhis own nature he was much
given to his Book, and defired to read much. Helearned alſo the Iliads of Homer, of Ariſtetles cor-
reQtion, which they call , 73» # 74 14p9n«e , the corrected, as having paſſed under the rule : and laid it
every night under his beds head with his Dagger, calling it (as Oneſicrates writeth ) the Inſtitution of
Martiall Diſcipline. And when he was 1n the high Countreys of As14 , where he coulq not readily
come by other Books, he wrote unto Zarpa/us to ſend them to him. Harpala: ſent him the Hiſtories
of Philiſtus , with divers Tragedies of Emrypides , Sophocles, and /£/chylwus: and certain Hymnes of
Teleſtus and Philoxenus, eAlexander did reyerence Ariſtotle at the firſt, as his Father,and ſo he term-
ed him : becauſe from his naturall Father he had life , but from him, the knowledge to live. But after-
wards he ſuſpe&ted him ſomewhat ;- yet he did him oo hurt, neither was be ſo friendly ro him as he had
been : whereby men perceived that he did not bear him the good will he was wont to do, This not-
withſtanding, he left not that zeal and defire he had to the ſtudy of Philoſophy, which he had learned
from his youth, and ſtill continued with him, For he ſhewed divers teſtimonies thereof. As the ho-
nour he did unto Azaxarchu the Philoſopher, The fitry talents which he ſent unto Xenocrates, Dan-
damis, and Calanys : of whom he made great account, When King P};/;p made War with the Br-
ZANTINES, Alexander being but ſixteen years old , was left his Lieutenant in MactDpoN, with
the cuſtody and charge of his gfeat Seal : at what time alſo he ſubdued the Mepar1 a Ns which had
rebelled againſt him , and having won their. City by afſault, he drave out the barbarous People, and
made a Colony of it, of ſundry Nations, and called it ALEXA NDRO POLIS, to ſay, the City of
Alexander. Hewas with his Father atthe Batrel] of CHzRrONEa againſt the GREc1AaNs , where
it was reported , that it was he that gave charge firſt of all upon the holy Band of the Thzz a ns.
Furthermore, there was an old Oke ſeen in my time , which the Countreymen commonly call Alex-
anders Oke , becauſe his Tent or Pavilion was faſtned to it : and not far from thence isthe Charnell
houſe , where thoſe MactDoNI1ANs were buried that were ſlain at the Battel], For theſe cauſes,
his Father 7h/;p loved him very dearly , and was glad to hear the MactpDoON1a ns Call Alexander
King , and himielf their Captain. Howbeit the troubles that fell out in his Court afterwards , by
reaſon of Philips new marriages and loves , bred great quarrell and ſtrife amongſt the women : for
the miſchief of diſſention and jealouſie of women , doth ſeparate the hearts of Kings one from an-
other , whereof was chiefeſt cauſe , the ſharpnels of O/ywpsas , who being a jealous woman , fretting
and of a revenging mind , did incenſe Alexander againſt his Father. Bur the chief cauſe that provo-
ked Alexander, was Attalis, at the Marriage of Cleopatra, whom Philip married a Maiden, tailing
in fancy with her when himſelf was paſt marriage. This was the matter ; Actals being Uncle unto
this Cleopatra, fell drunk at the Marriage , and being in his cups, he perſwaded the Mac tbo x1-
ANS that were at the Feaſt, to pray tothe gods , that they might have a lawfull Heir of Philip and
Cleopatra , to ſucceed him in the Kingdom of Maczpon. Alexander being in a rage therewith,
threw a Cup at his head, and ſaid unto him : Why , Traytor , what am I? doſt thou take me for a Ba-
ſtard ? Philip ſeeing that , roſe from the boord-, and drew out his Sword , bur by good fortune for
them both , being troubled with choler and Wine , be fell down on the ground. Then Alexander
mocking him , Lo, faid hetothe MacEDoNnIaNs, here is the man that prepared to go out of Eu-
ROPE imo As24, and ſtepping onely from one bed to another , ye ſee him laid along on the ground.
After this great inſolency , he took his Mother O/ympias away with him , and carrying her into his
Countrey of Ey1xus , heleft her there, and himſelf afterwards went into ILLyR1A. In the mean
time, Demayratus CORINTHIAN , a friend of King Phzlips, and very familiar with him,came to ſee
him. Philip when he had courteouſly welcomed him , asked him how the GrEc1a ns did agree to-
gether. Truly , O King, quoth he, it imports you much to inquire of the agreement of the Gztc 1-
ANS , when your own Court is fo full of quarrel] and contention. Theſe words nipped Philip in
ſuch ſort , and cauſed him to know his fault , that through Demaratm means, whom be ſent to per-
ſwade Alex:nder to return, Alexander was made to come back again. Now when Pexodorws , 2
Prince of CaR1a ( deſiring for neceſlities ſake, to enter in League and Friendſhip with Ph;/5p) of-
fered his eldeſt Daughter in marriage unto Aridews King Philips Son , and had ſent Ariſtocrirus
Ambaſſadour into Mac 00 N for that purpoſe : the friends of Alexaxgey and his Mother , began
again to inveigle him with'new reports and ſuſpitions , how P/zlip by this great Marriage would ad-
vance Arjdew, to his utter undoing, and leave him his Heir.in the Kingdom. Alexander being netled
therewith , ſent one Theſſalus a Player of Tragedies into CAR1A to Pexedorws, tO periwade him to
leave Arideus, that was a Baſtard and a fool, and rather ro make alliance with Alexander. This of-
fer pleaſed Pexodorus far better, to have Alexander his Son-in-law, then Aridens. Philip underſtand-
ing this , went himſelf into Alexazders chamber , taking Philoras with him (the Son of Parmenio )
one of his familiars , and bitterly took up Alexanger , telling him that he had a baſe mind, and was
unworthy to be left his Heir after his death , if he would caft himſelf away , marrying the Daughter
of a CARIAN, that was a Slave and Subje& of a barbarous King, Thereupon he wrote Letters un-
to CORINTH , thatthey ſhould ſend Theſſalus bound unto him, And furthermore he baniſhed our
of Ma cEDON, Harpalns, Nearchwus , Phrygius , and Ptolomy, his Sons companions : whom Alexan-
der afterwards called home again , and placed them in great authority about him, Shortly after , Pax-
villany by the counſel] and commandinent of Artalus and Cleopatra , craving juſtice
of Phil;p, andFHnding no amends, he converted all bis anger againſt him,and for ſpight flew him himle'f,
Of this murther moſt men accuſed Queen Olympias, who (as it is reported ) alluring this young man,
aving
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cauſe of anger, to kill him. And Alexander alſo went not clear from ſuſpition of this
. For ſome ſay that Pa»ſanias after this villany was done him, complained unto Atex:»4ey
and told him how he had been abuſed : who recited theſe Verſes of E xripides to him, in the Trage-
die of Medea , where ſhe ſaid in anger, that ſhe would be revenged :
Both of the Briaegroom, and the Bride,
And of the Father-in-law.
Notwithſtanding, afterwards he cauſed diligent ſearch ro be made , and all them to be ſeverely pu-
niſhed that were of the conſpiracy : and was angry alſo that his Mother Ol/ympias had cruelly (lain
Cleopatra. So be came to be King of MacEpon at twenty years of age, and found his Realm
greatly envied and hated of dangerous Enemies , and every way tull of danger. For the barbarous
Nations that were near Neighbours unto MACEDON , could not abide the bondage of ſtrangers
but defired to have their naturall Kings. Neither had Philip time enough ro bridle and pacific
GREECE , which he had conquered by force of Arms : but having a little altered the Governments,
had through his inſolency left them all in great trouble , and ready to rebell, for that they had nor
long been acquainted to obey, Thereupon Alexangers Councell of Mac tbo , being afraid of
the troubleſome rime,were of opinion, that Alex anger ſhould utterly forſake the affairs of Grzt ce,
and not to follow them with extremity, but that he ſhould ſeek to win thg barbarous People by
gentle means , that had rebelled againſt him, and wiſely to remedy theſe new ſtirs, Buthe far other-
wiſe determined to ſtabliſh his ſafery by courage and magnanimity : perſwading himſelf » that if they
ſaw bim ſtoop and yeeld at the beginning, how little ſoever it were, every one would be upon him;
Thereupon , he ſtraight quenched all the rebellion of the barbarous People , invading them (uddenly Mis
with his Army , by the River of Da xuzy , where in a great Battell he overthrew Syrmas King of —_— 6
the T&1BALLIANS, Furthermore , having intelligence that the Tyt Bans were revolted, and mus King of
that the ATHEN1ANS alſo were confedetate with them : tro make them know that he was a man , theTriballians,
he marched with his Army towardsthe Straight of Thermopilis , faying; that he would make Demos
ſthenes the Oratour fee ( who in his Orations, whileſt he was in I.LyR14, and inthe Countrey of the
TR1BALLIANS , Called him child) that he was grown a ftripling paſſing through Tazss a ty H
and ſhould find him a man before the Walls of Athens. When he came with his Army unto the
Gates of THEBEsS , he was willing to give them of the City occaſion to tepent them ; and therefore
onely demanded Phenix and P rothyrer, authors of the rebellion, Furthermore, he proclaimed by
Trumpet , pardon and fafery unto all them that would yeeld unto him. The Tyzzans onthe 04
ther fide , demanded of him Philoras and Antipater , two of his chiefeſt ſervants, and made the Crier
proclaim in the Ciry , that all ſuch as would defend the liberty of Gxt tc, ſhould joyn with
them; Then did Alexander leave the MAcEDONIANS at liberty to make War with all cruelty,
The THE BANS alſo fought with gteater courage and defire then they were able , confideting that
their Enemies were many againſt one. And on the other fide alſo, when the Gariſon of the Mact-
DONIANS which were within the Caſtle of Cad , made a Salley upon them, and gave them
Charge in the Reer-ward : then they being environed of all fides, were ſlain in manner every one ,,z,,
of them , their City taken , deſtroyed and razed even tothe hard ground. This he did, ſpeciatly to and razed by
make all the reſt of the People of Grztce afraid by example of this great calamity and miſery of Alexander,
the THEBANS, tothe end none of them ſhould dare from thenceforth once to riſe againſt him, He
would cloak this m_ of his under the complaints of his Confederates , the PH0c1a ns and Pra-
TEIANS : who complaining to him of the injuries the THzzans bad offered , could not deny
them juſtice, Notwithſtanding , excepting the Prieſts , and the religious , and all ſuch as were friends
unto any of the Lords of Mac ED0x , all the friends and kindred of the Poet Pindar xs, and all thoſe
that had diſſwaded them which were the Rebels , he ſold all the reſt of the City of Tr xs for Slaves,
which amounted tothe number of thirty thouſand perſons , beſides them that were lain at the Bat-
tell, which were fix thouſand more, Now amongſt the other mileries and calamities of the poor City
of THEBES , there werecertain THRACIAN Souldiers , who having ſpoiled and defaced the houſe
of Timoclea,a vertuous Lady,and of a noble Parentage, they divided her Goods among them : and their
Caprain having raviſhed her by force, asked her', whether ſhe had = where hidden any Gold or
Silver. The Lady told him ſhe had. Then leading him into her Garden,fſhe brought him unto a Well :
where ſhe ſaid ſhe had caſt all her Jewels and precious things, when ſhe heard the City was taken, The ,,z. 18 of
barbarous THRACIa N ſtooped to look into the Well : The ſanding bebind him, thruſt him in, Timics 2 no-
and then'threw ſtones enough on him, and ſo killed him, The Souldiers when they knew it, took and blewoman of
bound her, and ſo carried her unto Alexander. When Alexand:r ſaw her countenance, and marked 7%.
her gate,he ſuppoſed her at the firſt ro be ſome great Lady, ſhe followed the Souldiers with ſuch 4
majeſty and. boldneſs. Alexander then asking her what ſhe was: ſhe anſwered, that ſhe was the Siſter
of Theagenes,, who fought a Battell with King Philip before the City of CH.zr0 xa, where being
Generall , he was ſlain valiantly fighting for the defence of the liberty of Gxezct., Alexander
wondering at her noble anſwer and couragiousdeed , commanded no man ſhould touch hernor her
children, and ſo freely let her go whither ſhe would. He made League alfo with the ATrHEnIans,
though they were very ſorry for their miſerable fortune. For theday of the folemn Feaſts of their _
ſteries being come, they left it off, mourning for the THz ya ws : courteoully entertaining all thoſe,
that flving from THz zzs came to them for ſuccour, But whether it was for that bis anger was paſt
him,following therein the nature of Lions:or becauſe that after ſo great an example of cruelty, he would
ſhew a ſingular clemency again: he did not onely —_ the ATHENIANS of all faults —_
| bb 3 4
The beginning
of Alcxanders
Reign,
564 "4400 X 4 ND E'R®
but did alſo counſell them to look wiſely'to their doings , for their City one day Nama
GREECE , if he chanced to die. Men report , that certainly he oftentimes repented him tharnemnd =”
dealt ſo cruelly withthe THEBaNs , and the grief he rook upon it , was cauſe that he afterwards
ſhewed himſelf more mercifull unto divers others. Afterwards alſo he did blame the fury of Bac-
ckas, who to be revenged of him , made him kill Clzr4 at the Table being drunk , and the Ma ce-
DONIANS alſo to refuſe him to go any further to conquer the In p14 ns, which was an imperfe-
Rion of his Enterprize , and a diminiſhing alſo of his Honour, Beſides, there was never Tzz Ban
afterwards , that had eſcaped the fury of bis ViRory, and did makeany Petition to him, but he had
his ſuit. Thus was the eſtate of THzzEs as you have heard. Then the GREc1ans having aſ-
ſembled a general Councell of all the States of Gxzxzcz within the Straights of P=LopoN NE-
Sus , there it was determined that they would make War with the P:xs1ans. Whereupon
Alexandercho. they choſe Alexander Generall of all Gxztce. Then divers men coming to viſit Alexander , as
ſen Generall yell Philoſophers, as Governours of States , to congratulate with him for his eleion , he looked thar
res, Diogenes Sinopian ( who dwelt at CORINTH) would likewiſe come again ere the reſt had done : but
when he ſaw he made no reckoning of him , and that he kept ſtill in the Suburbs of CoxiNnTH, at a
place called CRan1um , he went himſelf unto him, and found him laid all along in the Sun, When
Diogenes ſaw ſo many coming toward him , he fate up a little, and looked full upon Alexander, 4-
Alexenders lexander courteoully ſpake unto him, and asked him , if he lacked any thing. Yea faid he , that I do ;
ralk with Dio- that thou ſtand out of my Sun alittle. Alexander was ſo well pleaſed with this anſwer, and mar-
genes. velled ſo much at that great boldneſs of this man , to ſee how ſmall account he made of him : that
when he went his way from him , Alexangders familiars laughing at Dzogenes, and mocking him, he
told chem : Maſters by what you liſt, truly if I were not Alexander , I would be Diogenes. Alex-
andey being deſirous to, hear what the Oracle of ApoYo DEL yH1A N would ſay unto him touching
the ſucceſs of his Journey into As1A , he went unto'the City of DEL pHOs, Tt chanced fo , that
he camethither in the days which they call unfortunate, on which days no man uſed to ask Apolo
any thing. This notwithſtanding , he ſent firſt unto the Nun which pronounced the Oracles, to
pray her to come unto him, Bur ſhe-refuſed to come, alleadging the cuſtom which forbade her ro
$0. Thereupon Alexander went thither himſelf in perſon, and ps her out by force into the
Temple. She ſeeing then that he would not be denied , but would needs have his will, told him : My
Wonderfall Son , for that I ſee, thou art invincible. Alexander hearing that , ſaid , he deſired no other Oracle,
igns "Plex. 4nd that he had as much as he looked for. Afterwards when he was even ready to go on with his Voy-
os before age, he had divers fignsand tokensfrom the gods : and amongſt other , an Image of the Poet Orphe-
his Journey a made of Cyprus, in the City. of LEBzTHREs , in thoſe days did ſweat maryellouſly, Many
into Aſs, men fearing thatſign, Arifoander the. Paget bade Alexander be of good chear, and hope well ;
for he ſhould obtain noble ViRories that ſhould never be forgotten, the which ſhould make the Po-
Alexander's ets and Muſicians ſweat to write and ſing them. Then, for his Army which he led with him, they
Army in Af. that do ſet down the leaſt number, ſay , that they were thirty thouſand Footmen , and five thouſand
Horſemen : and they that ſay more , do write, four and thirty thouſand Footmen, and four thouſand
Horſemen, Andes writeth that Alexander had no more but threeſcore and ten Talents to pay
his Souldiers with : and Dxr# writeth , that he had no more Proviſion of Victuals, then for thirty
days onely, And Oneſicritxs ſaith moreover , that hedid owe two hundred Talents. Now, notwith-
ſtanding that he began this War with ſo ſmall abiliry ro maintain it , he would never take Ship be-
forehe underſtood the ſtate of his friends , to know what ability they had to go with him , and before
he had given unto ſome, Lands; and unto others , a Town, and to others again , the Cuſtom of
The liberality forme Haven. Thus by his bounty , having in manner ſpent almoſt the revenues of the Crown of
of Alexander. MACEDON, Perdiccas asked him : My Lord , what will you keep for you ſelf ? Hope , ſaid he.
Then,quoth Perdiccas again , we will alſo have ſome part, ſince we go with you : and ſo refuſed the
Revenue which the King had given him for his Penſion. Many others did alſo the like, But ſuch as
were contented to take his liberality , or would ask him any thing , he gave them very frankly, and
in ſuch liberaliry ſpent all the Revenue he had. With this defire and determination , he went on to
the Straight of HeLLEsrONT , and going to the City of ILtum hedid Sacrifice unto Diaxa, and
made funerall effuſions unto the demy-gods ( to wit , unto the Princes which died in the War of
TRo01a , whoſe bodies were buried there ) and ſpecially unto Achilles , whole grave he-anointed
with oil, and ran naked round about it with his familiars , according to the ancient cuſtom of Fu-
a, nerals, Then he covered it with Noſegayes and Flowers , ſaying, that Achilles was happy, who while
foying 4. Þ< lived had a faichfull friend, and after his death an excellent Herauld to ſing his praiſe. When he had
chiller. done , and went up and down the City to ſee all the Monuments and notable things there , one asked
him, if he would, ſee Paris Harp. He anſwered again , he would very tain fee Achilles ' Harp,
who plaid and ſung upon it all the famous a&ts done by valiant men in former times. In the mean
time, Dari King of Pers14,, having leavied a great Army , ſent his Captains and Lieutenants to
tarry Alexanger at the River of GRan1icus. There was Alexander to fight of neceſſity , being
the onely bar to ſtop his entry into As1a. Moreover , the Captains of the Councell about him,
were afraid of the depth of- this River , and of the height of the bank on the otherſide , which was
very high and ſteep, and could not be won without fighting. And ſome ſaid alſo that he ſhould
have ſpeciall care of the ancient regard of the Moneth: becauſe the Kings of Ma c Do x did never
uſe to: put the Army intothe Field in the Moneth of Daſon, which is June, For that, ſaid Alexan-
der, we will remedy ſoon: let them call it the ſecond Moneth, Artemiſium , which is May. Fur-
, thermore,
|.
- i DE R the Great.
ewes of opinion , that he ſhould not meddle the firſt day, becauſe it was very late
ws, made anſwer again , that He.LEsronT would bluſh for ſhame, if he were now afraid
To pals over the River, finc6 he had already come over an arm of the Sea. Thereupon he himſelf
firſt entred the River with thirteen Guidons of Horſemen » and marched forwards againſt an infinite
number of Arrows which the Enemies ſhot at him, as he was coming up the other bank , which was
very high and ſteep, and worſt of all , full of armed men and Horſe-men of the Enemies : which ſtay-
ed to receive him in Battell-ray, thruſting his men down into the River , which was very deep, and
ran ſo ſwift, that it almoſt carried them down the ſtream : inſomuch that men thought him more
raſh then wiſe , ro lead his men with ſach danger. This notwithſtanding , he was ſo wilfully bent
that he would needs over , and in theend with great ado recovered the other fide , ſpecially becauſe Pell berwixe
the Earth flid away , by reaſon of mud, So when he was over , he was driven to fight peli mell Alexender and
man to wan , becaule his Enemies did fer upon the firſt that were paſſed over , before they could put SO the
themſelves into Battell-ray , with great cries, Keeping their Horſes very cloſe together., and fought nicus.
firſt with their Darts, and afterwards came tothe Sword when their Darts were broken. Then ma-
ny .of them ſer upon him alone, for he was ealily ro be known above the reſt by his Shield , and the
hinder part of his Helmet, about the which there hung from the one {ide to the other , a marvellous
fair white Plume. Alexander had a blow with a Dart on his thigh , but it hurt him nor. Thereupon
Roeſaces and Spithridates , both two chiet Captains of the Per S1aNs , ſetting upon Al: x anuder
at once , heleitthe one , and riding ſtraight to Roeſaces, who was excellently armed , he gave him
ſuch a blow with his Launce , that he brake it in his band, and ſtraight drew out his Sword. But ſo
ſoon as they two had cloſed together , Spithridares coming at the one fide of him, raiſed himſelf up-
on his ſtirrops , and gave Alexander with all his might ſuch a blow on his head with a Battell-ax » that
he cut the creſt of his Helmet , and one of the fides of his Plume , and made ſuch a gaſh , that the
edge of his Battell-ax touched the very hair of his head, And as he was lifting up his hand to trike Clitus ſaved
Alexander again , great Clirws preventing him, thruſt him through with a Partiſan : and atthe very Alexander,
ſame inſtant, Reeſaces fell dead from his Horſe with a wound which Alexander gave him with his
Sword. Now whileſt the Horſemen fought with ſuch fury , the Squadron of the Battell of the Ma
CEDONIANS Footmen had paſſed the River, and both the Battels began ro march one againſt the
other. The Pex 5s1aNs ſtuck not manfully to it any long time , but ſtraight turned their backs jen"
and fled , ſaving the GREC1A Ns which took pay of King Darius : they drew together upon a ViRory of the
Hill, and craved mercy of eAlexander., But Alexander ſetting upon them, more of will then diſcre= 71/fn at
tion, had his Horſe killed under him , being thruſt through the flank with a Sword. This was not ©
B acephall , but another Horſe he had, All his men that were ſlain or hurt at this Battell, were hurt
amongſt them valiantly fighting againſt deſperate men. It is reported that there were (lain at this
firſt Battell , rwenty thouſand Footmen of theſe barbaruus People, and two thouſand five hundred
Horſemen. On Alexanders fide, Ariſtobulus writeth, that there were lain four and thirty men
in all, of the which , twelve of them were Footmen. Alexander to honour their valiantnefs, cauſed
every, one of their Images to be made in braſs by Ly/ipps. And becauſe he would make the Gz x-
C1ANS partakers of this ViRory , he ſent unto the ATHENIANS three hundred of their Targets,
which he had won at the Battel] ; and generally uponall the other Spoils he put this honourable
Inſcription , Alexander the Son of Philsp , and the Grectans , excepting the Lacedemonians, have
won this ſpoyl upon the barbarons Aſians, As for Plate of Gold or Silver , alſo Purple Silks , or
other ſuch precious things which he got among the PeRs1aNs , be ſent them all unto his Mother ,
a few except. This firſt Vitory of Alexander , brought ſuch a ſudden change amongſt the barba-
rous People in Alex anders behalf , that the City (elf of SarD1 s ,.the chiet City of the Empire
of the barbarous People, or at the leaſt through all the Low-countries and Coaſts upon the Sea , yeel-
ded ſtraight unto him , and the reſt alſo , ſaving HALicaRNas Sus and MILETum, which did ill
reſiſt him : howbeit at length he took them by force, When he had ſo conquered all thereabour ,
he ſtood in doubt afterwards what he were beſt ro determine. Sometimes he had a marvellous de-
ſire , hotly to follow Darius whereſoever he were , and to venture all at a Battell. Another time a-
gain, he thought ir better firſt ro occupie himſelf in conquering theſe Low-Countries, and to make
himſelf ſtrong with the Money and Riches he ſhould find among them, that he might afterwards
be the better able to follow him. In the Countrey of LyD1a,near unto the City XanTHun ,
they ſay , there is a. Spring that brake of it ſelf, and overflowing the banks abour it , caſt out a little
Table of Copper from the bottom , upon the which were graved certain CharaQters in old Lerrers,
which ſaid : that the Kingdom of the Pex $14Ns ſhould be deſtroyed by the Gxzc1ans, This
did farther ſo encourage Alexander , that he made haſte to clear all the Sea-coaſt , even as far as
C1L1c1a and PHOENICIA. But the wonderfull good ſucceſs he had , running along all the
Coaft of PamPniL1a, gave divers Hiſtoriographers occaſion to ſet forth his doings with admira-
tion , ſaying : that it was one of the wonders of the World , that the fury of the Sea , which unto
all other was extream rough , and many times would ſwell over the tops of the high rocks uponthe
cliffs, fell calm unto- him. And it appeareth, that Menander himſelf in a Comedy of his, doth
witneſs this wonderfull happineſs of Alexander, when merrily he faith ;
O great Alexander, how great us thy ſtate?
For thoy with thy ſelf mayeſt thus Juſtly debate :
If any man living 1 liſt for tocall,
He cometh, and humbly before me aath fall,
—— — - _ _ = -
_——
566 ALEXAN Dt
And if through the ſurges my journey do ly,
The waves give meway, and the Sea becomes dry.
"oY
Yet Alexaxder himfelf ſimply writeth in his Epiſtles ( without any great wonder ) as by Sea be pat
ſed a place called the Ladder, and that to paſs there, he took Ship in the City of PHastL1Dss,
There he remained many days : and when he ſaw the Image of Theodefies PHASELITAN , ſtanding
The memory 1, the Market-place, he went in a Dance thither one evening after Supper , and caſt Flowers and
oY beodefles - (> lands upon his Image , bonouring the memory of the dead , though it ſeemed but in ſport , for
oured by : O* ? . - 3
Alexander, that he was his companionwhen he lived , by means of Ar;ſtorle his Philoſophy. After that he
overcame alſo the P151D1aNs , who thought to have reſiſted him z and conquered all Pyxy 614
The Ciry of beſides, There in the City of GOoKD1us ; which is ſaid to be the ancient ſeat of King e3;das , he
Gordius in , {aw the Chariot that is ſo much ſpoken off, which is bound -with the bark of a Cornell-tree, and ir
1,279git, - ag © wastold him for a troth, of the barbarous People , that they believed it was a Prophecy ; That who«'
_ MI*# ſoever could undo the band of that bark , was certainly ordained to be King of all the World. Ir is
commonly reported, that Alexander proving to undo the band , and finding noends to undo it by,
they were ſo many-fold wreathed one within the other , he drew out his Sword , and cut the knot in
the middeft : ſo that then many ends appeared. But Ariftobulws writeth , that he bad quickly un-
done the knot , by taking the bolt out of the Ax-tree , which holdeth the beam and body of the Cha-
riot , and ſo ſevered them aſunder. Departing thence, he conquered the PApHLaGonians and
CAPPADOCIANS and underſtood of the death of Memnon , that was Darius Generall of his
Army by Sea , and in whom was all their bope to trouble and withſtand Alexander : whereupon he
was the bolder ro go on with his determination, to lead his Army into the high Countreys of As14.
Darius Arwy Thendid King Darin himſelf come againſt Alexand:r , having leavied a great Power at Sus 4 , of
and Dream. £. hundred thouſand fighting men , truſting to that multitude, and alſo ro a dream, the which his
| Wiſards had expounded rather to flatter him, then to tel] him truly. Dayiss dreamed that he ſaw
all the Army of the MAC EDONIANS ON A fire, and eAlexander ſerving of him in the ſelf-ſame at-
tire that he himſelf wore when he was one of the Chamber unto the late King his Predecefſor : and
that when he came into the Temple of Bel , he ſuddenly vaniſhed from him, By this Dream it
plainly appeared, that the gods did fignifie unto him , that the Maczponians ſhould have noble
ſucceſs in their doings, and that Alexander ſhould conquer all As1 a , even as King Dayias had done,
when he was but Aſgandes unto the King : and that ſhortly after , he ſhould end his life with grear
honour. This furthermore made him bold alſo , when he {aw that Alexander remained a good while
Alexanders in C1Lic1a, fing it had been for that he was afraid of him, Howbeit it was by reaſon of a
fickneſs in Ci= fickneſs he had, the which ſome ſay he got by extream pains and travell, and others alſo, becauſe
licia. hewaſhed himſelf in the River Cydnus, which was cold as ice. Howſoever it came , there was none
Cyamsfl of theother Phyſicians that durſt undertake to cure him , thinking his diſeaſe uncurable , and no Mec-
dicines to prevail that they could give him , and fearing alſo that the Maczo0n1a ns would lay ir
to their charge, if Alexander milcarried. But Philip ACARNANIAN , conſidering his Maſter was
very ill , and bearing himſelf of his love and good will rowards him, thought he ſhould not do that
became him , if he did not prove ( ſeeing him in extremity and danger of lite ) the urmoſt remedies of
Phyſick , what danger ſoever he put himſelf into ; and therefore took upon him to miniſter unto 4-
lexander , and perſwaded him to drink it boldly if he would quickly be whole, and go to the Wars,
In the meantime, Parmenio wrote him a Letter from the Camp, advertiſing him , that he ſhould
beware of Philip his Phyſician , for he was bribed and corrupted by Daris , with large promiſes of
great riches that he would give him with his Daughter in marriage, to kill his Maſter. Alexander when
he had read this Letter , laid it under his beds head , and made none of his neareſt familiars acquainted
The wonder- therewith, When the hour came that he ſhould take his Medicine, Philip came into his Chamber
ou = - _ with other of the Kings familiars, and brought a cup in his hand with the Potion he ſhould drink.
Phyſician. Alexander then gave him the Letter , and withall, chearfully rook the cup of him, ſhewing no man-
ner of fear or miftruft of any thing. It was a wonderfull thing , and worth theſight , how tone rea-
ding the Letter, and the other drinking the Medicine both ar one inſtant , they looked one upon ano-
ther , howbeit not both with like chearfull countenance, For Alexandey looked merrily upon him,
plainly ſhewing the truſt he had in his Phyfician Philip, and how much he loved him : and the Phyſician
alſo beheld Alexander like a man perplexed and amazed, to be (o falſly accuſed , and ſtraight lift up his
hands to heaven, calling the gods to witneſs that he was innocent , and then.came to Alecxangers beds
fide , and prayed him to be of good chear , and boldly to do as he would adviſe him. The Medicine
beginning to work , overcamethe Diſeaſe , and drave for the time, all his naturall ſtrength and powers
.to the loweſt parts of his body : inſomuch as his ſpeech failed him, and he fell into ſuch a weakneſs,
and almoſt ſwouning , that his pulſe did ſcant beat , and his ſenſes were well near taken from him,
But that being paſt, Ph3l;p in few days recovered him again. Now when Alexander had gotten ſome
ſtrength , he ſhewed himſelf openly unto the Mactponians: for they would not be pacified ,
nor perſwaded of his health, untill they had ſeen him. In King Darius Camp , there was one
Amyntas a MACEDONIAN, and baniſhr out of his Countrey , who knew Alexanaers diſpoſition
very well. He finding that Darius meant to meet with Alexander within the Straights and Valleys
of the Mountains , beſought him to tarry rather where he was, being a plain open Countrey round
about him , conſidering that he had a great Hoaſt of men to fight with a few Enemies , and that it
was moſt for his advantage to meet with him in the open field. Darius anſwered him again ,
that he was afraid of nothing but that he would flie , before he could come to him, yy
| replied ;
4% 4
-*
"ALEXANDER the Gre 567
teplied : For that O King , I pray you fear not: tor I warrant you upon my life he will come to yo abs:
and isnow onwards on his way coming towards you. All theſe perlwaſions of 4» Int as af, = Daxiuscontem.
turn Darius from making his Camp to march rowargs Cit1cta. At the ſelf-ſame time alſo \ A. neth Amyntas
lexander went towards SYRIA 0 meet with him," But it chanced one night that the one of them Profroble
miſſed the other , and when day was come , they both returned back again : Alexander being glad of —
this hap , and making haſteto meet with his Enemy within the Straights, Darime alſo ſeeking ro win
Alexanders lodging from whence he came , and to bring his Army out of the Straights, began to find
the fault and errour committed : for that he had (hut himſelf op in the Straights (holden in on the one
fide with the Mountain , and on the other with the Sea, and the River of Pindarus that ran between
both ) and that he was driven to diſperſe his Army into divers Companies , ina ſtony and ill-favoured
Countrey , ill for Horſemen torravell , being onthe contrary ſide a great advantage for his Enemies,
which were excellent good Foormen , and but tew 1n number, But now , as Fortune gave Alexander
the Field as he would with it , to tight tor bis advantage, ſo could he tell excellently well how to et his
men in Barttell-ray to win the Victory. For albeit that Alexander had the leſs number by many then
his Enemy , yet he had ſuch policy and caſt withhim , that he foreſaw all, and would not be environed.
For he did pur out the right Wing of his Battell a great deal farther then he did bis leit W ing, and. Þ*'rell berwixt
hiing himſelf in the lett Wing in the foremoſt ranks, he made all the barbarous People tlie that 4 = ey
ſtood before him : howbeit , he was hurt on histhigh with a blow of a Sword. Chares writeth.that ticzs =
Dari: (elf. did hurt him, and that they fought rogether man to man, Notwithſtanding, theo |
ſelf writing of this Battell unto Avtiparer , faith , that indeed he was hurt on the thigh with a Sword :
howbeit it put him to no danger : but he writeth not chat Darizs hurt him. Thus having won a Alcxanders vi.
famous Victory , and (lain above a hundred and ten thouſand of his Enemies , he could not yet take <*9ry of Darius
Darins , becauſe he fled , having ſtill four or hive turlongs vantage before him : howbeit he rook his 2 ©/#i4-
( hariot of Bartell wherein he tought , and his Bow allo. Then he returned from the chaſe, and
found the MAcEDONIAN $ ſacking and ſpoiling all the reſt of the Camp of the barbarous People ,
where there was infinite Riches ( although they had left the moſt part of their Carriage behind them
in the City of Damas , tocome lighter to the Battel] ) bur yet relerved for himſelf all King Darius
Tent, which was full of great number of Officers, of rich: Moveables, and of Gold and Silver. So,
when he was come to the Camp , putting off his Armour , heentred into the Bathand ſaid - Come
en, let us go and waſh of the {weat of the Battell in Dari own Bath. Nay, replied one of his
familiars again , in Alexanders Bath ; for the Goods of the vanquiſhed are rightly the Vanquiſhers,
When he came into the Bath , and ſaw the Batons and Eures , the Boxes, and Viols for Perfumes, all
of clear Gold , excellently wrought , all the Chambers pertumed paſling ſweetly , that it was like a
Paradiſe ; then going out ot his Bath , and coming into his Tent, ſecing it {0 ſtately and large, his
Bed, the Table, and Supper, and all ready in fuch ſumpwous fart, that it was wondertull,he turned
him unto his familiars, and faid : This was a King indeed , was he not think ye? As he was ready 10 , . F-
g0 to his ſupper , word was brought him , that they were bringing unto him amongſt other Ladies m_ Me: :
taken Priſoners, King Darin Mother and his Wite , and two ot his Daughters unmarried : who ha- :wo Danghome,
ying ſeen bis Chariot and Bow , burſt out into lamentable cries, and violent beating of themſelyes, raken by Atex-
thinking Doris had been (lain. Alexanger pawſed a good while, and gave no anſwer, pitying 4nder,
more theix misfortune , then rejoycing at his own good hap. Then he preſently ſent one Leens-
144 unto them, to let them underftand, that Darius was alive, and that they ſhould not need to be
afraid of Alexander, for he did not fight with. Darixs, but for his Kingdom onely : and as for
them, that they ſhould have at his hands all that they had of Darizs betore , when he bad his The of
whole Kingdom in his hands, As theſe words ou the captive Ladies , ſo the deeds that fol- of OE
lowed , made them find his clemency to be no leſs. For firſt, he ſuffered thera to bury as many unto the cap-
of the PERS1AN Lords as they would , even of ihem that had been flain in the Battell , and to tive Ladies.
rake as much Silks of the Spoils , Jewels , and Ornaments, as they thought gaod to honour their
Funerals with : and alſo did leſſen no part of their honour, nor ot the number of their Officers and
Servants , nor of any jot of their Eſtate which they had before , but did allow them alſo greater pen-
ſions then they had before, But above all, the Princelieſt grace, and moſt noble favour that A4lex- The chaſtity cf
anger (hewed unto theſe captive Princefſes , which had always-lived in honourable ſame and chaſti.. Alexander.
ty , Was this ; That they never heard word, or ſo much as any ſuſpicion that ſhould make them afraid
to be diſhonoured or defloured : but were privately amongſt themſelves , unvifited or repaired
unto by any man, but of their own, not as if they had been in a Camp of heir Enemies , bur
as if they had been kept in ſome cloſe Monaſtery : although Darius Wite (as it is written ) was
paſting tair , as Darims alſo was a goodly Prince , and that his Daughters likewiſe did reſemble their
Father and Mother. Alexander thinking it more Princely for a King, as 1 ſuppoſe,to conquer him-
ſelf, then to overcome bis Enemies, did neither touch them, nor any other Maid or Wite, before
he married them , Bar/jne onely excepred ; who being left Afemrons Widow ( Generall of King
Darius by Sea ) was taken by the City of Damas. She being excellently well learned in the
Greek Tongue , and of good entertainment ( being che Daughter of Arrab-z2w4 , who came of
a Kings Daughter ) Alexander was bold with her by Parmenio's procurement ( as Ariſtobulus wri-
teth ) who inticed: him to imbrace the company of ſo excellent a Woman , and pailing fair be-
ſides, Furthermore , beholding the other PERS 1AN Ladies belide which were Prifoners , what Alexandere _
goodly fair Women they were , he ſpake it pleaſantly , that the Ladies of Pz25s1a made mens jr pn aa
eyes {ore to bebold them. Nowiubſtanding , preferring the beaury of his continency _ beauty,
| their -
"" WA _ .-\ ſum of ten thouſand Drachma's a day. But there he ſtaye
4»
their ſweet fair faces , he paſſed by without any ſpark of affetion towards them , thore then if the y
had been Images of tone without life. To confirm this, Philoxenus whom he had left his Lieutenant
' inthe Low-countries upon the Sea-coaſt , wrote unto him on atime , that one 'Theod:r44 a Merchant
_—--/ Of TARENTUM , had to ſell two goodly young boys, marvellous fair , and therefore that he ſent un-
- tohim to know his pleaſure , if he would buy them. Therewith he was ſo offended , that many times
he cried out aloud : O my friends, what villany had ever Philoxenu ſeen in me, that he ſhould de-
viſe ( having nothing to do there ) to purchaſe me ſuch infamy ? whereupon he wrote unto him from
the Camp, with reproachfull words , that he ſhould ſend that vile Tart nT1N s-Merchant -Theade-
rus and his Merchandize to the Devil]. He ſharply puniſhed alſo one Agxen, that wrote unto him he
would buy a young boy called Crobyl ( who for beauty bare the onely name in Cor1NTH ) and
bring him to him. Another time alſo, when he heard that Damon and T imothews MACEDONTANS,
under Parmenio's charge , had defloured two of the Souldiers Wives that were ſtrangers, and waged of
him, he wrote unto Parmenio to lookuntoit , and to examine the matter : and if he found them guilty
of the rape, that then he ſhould put them both to death , as brute beaſts born ro deſtroy mankind.
Alexandertem= And in that Letter he wrote thus of himſelf : For my ſelf, ſaid he , I have neither ſeen, nor deſire
perate in eat- to ſee Darius wife : neither had I ſuffered any ſpeech of her beauty before me. Moreover he ſaid,
ing. that he did underſtand that he was mortall by theſe two things : to wit, ſleep, and luſt : for , from the
weakneſs of our nature proceedeth (leep , and ſenſuality, He was alſo no greedy-gut , but temperate
in eating, as he ſhewed by many proofs : but chiefly in that he ſaid unto the princeſs 44s ; whom he
adopted for his Mother , and made her Queen of Car1a. For when ( for the love ſhe bare him) ſhe
daily ſent him ſundry delicate diſhes of Meats , Tarts , and Marchpains , and beſides the mear it ſelf,
How Leonidas the Paſtlers and Cooks to make them , which were excellent workmen : he anſwered that he could not
broughrap A- tell what to do with them,for he had better Cooks then thoſe,appointed him by his Governour Lec-
lexander. 114 as, to wit - for his dinnes , to r.ſe before day, and to march by night : and for his ſupper , to cat
little at dinner. And my Governour, ſaid he, would ' oftentimes open the cheſts where my bedding
and apparell lay , to ſee if my mother had put any fine knacks or conceipts among them, Furthermore,
he was leſs given to Wine, then men would have judged. For he was thought to be a greater bibber
then he was, becauſe he ſate long at the boord, rather to talk chen drink. For ever when he drank ,
he would propound ſome tedious matter , and yet but when he was at leiſure. For having matters to
do, there was neither Feaft , Banquet , Play, Marriage , nor any paſtime that could ſtay him : as they
had done other Captains. The which appeareth plainly by the ſhortneſs of his life , and by the won-
Alexanders life derfull and notable deeds he did in that little time he lived. When he had leiſure, after he was up in
when he was ar the morning , firſt of all he would do Sacrifice to the gods, and then would go to dinner, paſling
leiſure. away all the reft of the day, in hunting , writing ſomething , _ up ſome quarrell between Souldi-
ers, or elſe in ſtudying. If he went any Journey of no haſty buſineſs , he would exerciſe himſelf by
the way as he went , ſhooting in his Bow , or learning to get up or out of his Chariot ſuddenly as ic
| ran. Oftentimes alſo for his paſtime , he would hunt the Fox , or catch Birds, as appeareth in his
Alexandera Book of Remembrances of every day. Then when he came to his Lodging , he would enter into his
pleaſant Prince Bach | and rub and anoint himſelf : and would ask his Pantelers and Carvers, if his Supper were ready.
= þ could He would ever ſup late, and was very curious to ſee , that every man at his boord were alike ſer-
ved, and would fit long at the Table , becauſe he ever loved to talk, as we have told you before.
Otherwiſe he was as noble a Prince and. gracious to wait upon , and as pleaſant , as any King that
ever was, ' For he lacked no grace nor comelineſs to adorn.a Prince, ſaving that he would be fome-
thing over-buſie in glorying of his own deeds , much like unto a bragging Souldier : neither was he
contented himſelf to pleaſe his own humour that way , but would alſo ſuffer his familiars to ſooth
him even-to his teeth, And this was many times the deſtruction of honeft men about him, the which
would never praiſe him in his preſence, hating the flatterers , nor yet durſt ſay leſs of the praiſes which
they gave him. For of the firft they were aſhamed , and by the ſecond they fell in danger. Aiter
Supper , he would waſh himſelf again , and fleep untill noon the next day following , and often-
times all day long. For himſelf, he was nothing curious of dainty Diſhes : for when any did ſend
him rare Fruits, or Fiſh , from the Countreys near the Sea fide, he would ſend them abroad unto
his friends, and ſeldom keep any thing for himſelf. His Table notwithſtanding was always very
honourably ſerved , anddid ftill increaſe his fare, as he did my his Conqueſts , till it came to the
, and would not exceed that ſum :
and moreover, confnanded all men that would feaft him , that they ſhould nor ſpend above that ſum.
- After this Battell of Is$us , he ſent unto the City of Dama s , to take all the Gold and Silver, the
Carriage , and all the women and children of the Pzr 514 ns which were left there , where the men
of Arms of the TyzssaL1awns ſped them full well : for therefore did he ſend them thither , be-
cauſe he ſaw that they had fought valiantly at the day of the Battell - and ſo were the reſt of his Ar-
my alſo well ſtored with Money, There the Mactpow1ans having taſted firſt of the Gold, Sil-
ver, Women, and barbarous life : as Dogs by ſcent do follow the track of Beaſts , even ſo were they
greedy to follow after the Goods of the PERS1ans, Firlt Alexander thought it beſt to win all
the Sea-coaſt, Thither came the Kings of Cy prus and PHoz n1c1A, and delivered up to him the
| whole Iſland , and all PHO tNn1c1a , ſaving onely the City of TYRE, That City he beſieged ſeven
Alexander be. Moneths together by Land , with great Bulwarks and divers Engines of battery , and by Sea , with
fiegedthe Ciry two hundredGalleys. During this Siege, e Alexander dreamed one night , that Hercules held out his
of Tyre, hand unto him over the Walls of the City , andcalled him by his name ; and there were divers Ty -
RIANS
—_—
wy ww = F.
—_—
*. 2
———— —
, Seb) cheir doings inthe Ciry, Thereupon they, bound his Ima
* FY
4s
"a"
Ls)
as favouring Alexander. Alexander had there allo another Dream : for he dreamed he ſaw 2 $a: r
afar off ſporting with him, and when he thought to have come near to have taken him * beftill eſca-
ped from him : untill at the lengrh , after he had run a good while after him, and intreated him , he
fell into bis hands. The Soothſayers being asked what this Dream thould fignifie, anſwered proba-
bly , by dividing Saryrs into two , and ihen it is 9 79s , which fignifieth , the City of Tyre ſhall
be thine. And they do yet ſhew untothisday , the Fountain where Alex anger thought he ſaw the
Satyr. Continuing this Siege , he went to make War with the ARABIANS , that dwell upon the
Mountain Antiliban , where he was in great danger of being caſt away , one:y becauſe he heard his
Tutor Ly/imachws that tollowed him , ſay boaltingly , that he was not interior, nor older then the
Phoenix. For when they came at the foot of the Mountain, they left their Horſes, and went up on
foot : and Alexander was of ſo courteous a nature, that he would not leave his Tutor Lyſimachus
behind him ( who was ſo weary that he could go no farther ) bur becauſe it was dark night, and tor
that the Enemies were not far from them , he came behind roencourage his Tutor, and in manner 8
carry him. By this means unawares , he was tar from his Army with very tew men about him , and
benighted belides : moreover, it was very cold, and the way was very 1, At the length, percei-
ving divers fires which the Enemies had made, ſome in one place, and ſome in another , truſting to his
valiantneſs , having always provided remedy in extremity, when the MactpONtans were diftre!.
ſed , himſelf ever putting to his own hand , he ran unto them that had made the fires next him, and
killing two of the barbarous People that lay by ihe fire fide , he ſ.atched away a fire brand, and ran
with it to his own men, who made a great fire, At this the barbarous People where {0 afraid, that
they ran their way as faſt as they could. Other alſo thinking to come and ſet upon him, he flew them
every man , and fo lay therethat night , himſelf and his men without danger, Thus Chares report-
eth tis matter. Now for the Siege of TYRE, that tell out thus. Alexander cauſed the molt part
of his Army to take reſt, being over-harried and wearied with ſo many Bartels as they had tought ;
and ſent a few of his men onely to give afſaulrunto the City , to keep the TYR1aws occupied , that
they ſhould take no reſt, One day the Soothſayer Ariſtander ſacrificing unto the gods, having con-
ſidered of the ſigns of the intrails of the Beaſts , did afſurethem that were preſent , that the Cit
ſhould betaken by the latter end of the Moneth, Every body laughed to hear him : for that day
was the very laſt day of the Moneth, Alexander ſeeing him amazed, as one that could not tell what
to ſay to it, ſeeking ever to bring thole tokens to effect, which the Soothſayers did prognofticate,
commanded them that they ſhould not reckon that day the thirtieth day , bur the ſeven and twentieth :
and immediately upon it made the Trumpet ſound the Alarum, and gave a hotter aſſault to the wall,
then he had thought to have done before. They fought valiantly on both ſides, infomuch as they
that were left inthe Camp, could nor keepin, but muſt needs run to the afſault to help their com-
panions, The TYRIaNs ſeeing the afſaulc ſo fore on every ide , their hearts began to fail them ;
and by this means was the City taken the ſelf-ſame day. Another time alſo , when Alexander was
before Gaza, the chief Ciry of SyR1a , there fell a clod ot Earth upon his ſhoulder, out of
the which there flew a Bird into the air. The Bird lighting upon one of the Engins of his Bat-
rery, was caught with the Nets made of finews which covered over the ropes of the Engines, A-
riſtander did prognoſticate , that at ſignified he ſhould be hurt in his ſhoulder , notwithſtanding,
Talents weight of Frankincenſe , and a hundred Talents weight of Myrrhe : remembring the hope
he puthim into when he was a Child, For , as Alexander was upon a Gay ſacrificing unto the
gods, he took both his hands full of Frankincenſe ro caſt it into the fire, to make a'perfume thereof.
When his Governour Leonidas ſaw him , he ſaid thus un:o him : When thou haſt conquered the
Countrey where theſe ſweet things grow , then be liberall of thy Perfume: but now, ſpare that
little thou haſt at this preſent. Al-xander calling ro mind ar that time his admonition, wrote
unto him in this ſort ; We do ſend thee plenty of Frankincenſe and Myrrhe, becauſe thou ſhouldeſt
no more be a niggard unto the gods, There was brought unto him a little Coffer alſo, which
was thought to be the preciouſeſt thing , and the richeſt that was gotten of all Spoyls and Ri-
ches , taken at the overthrow of Darius. When he law it , he asked his familiars that were abour
him, what they thought fitteſt , and the beſt thing to be put into it. Some ſaid one thing, ſome
ſaid another thing : bur he ſaid, he would put the Iliads of Homer into it, as the worthieſt thing,
This is confirmed 'by the beſt Hiſtoriographers, Now if that which the AL.szxanorrans re-
port upon Heraclides words , be true, then it appeareth that he did profit himſelt much by Homer
in this Journey, For it is reported , that when he had conſidered &6ypr , he determined to
build a great City, and to repleniſh it with a number of GREC1aNs , and to call it atter his name,
But as he was about to incloſe a certain ground , which he had choſen by the advice of his Engineers
D ER the Great, .
fort , that Apo//o told them that he would go unto Alexander, be.
2
n : e ( Which was ,
ull bigneſs ) with great chains , and nailed him down faſt to the baſe , _ c had _ Dans #6
a Traytor that would have yeelded himſelf unto their Enemies, and called him Alexanarine, as much <iy of Tyre,
Alcxanders ſe -
cond Dream
2gainart Tyre,
Alexanders
Jcurney a-
gainl the A-
rabtang.
Antiliban Mons
The courage
and agility of
Alexan cr-
The City of
Tyre belteged
and taken by
Alexander.
that he ſhould yer take the Town. And indeed it came fo to paſs. When he ſent great Preſents Atcxnderrook
of Spoyls which he wan at the ſack of this City , unto his Mother Ol/ympz as, ( leopatra, and dis the City of
vers others of his friends : among other things he ſent unto Leonidas his Governour, five hundred G4
The building
of the City of
Alexandria,
and Work-maſters , the night before he had a marvellous Dream , that he ſaw an old man ſtand- Alcxandere
ing before him, full of white hairs , with an honourable preſence, and coming rowards him, ſaid Dream 1h
theſe Verſes ; mY
Within
Egypt.
ALE XAN D *vu
*
A wonder.
Alexanders
Journey uoto
the Oracle of
Hammon.
within the foming Sea there lits a certain Iſland;
Againſt the ſhore of Egypt, which of Ancient Phar@&Fight, .
As ſoon as he aroſe the next morning , he went to ſee this Iſle of PH aroOs, the whichar
was a little above the mouth of the River of Nilus, called Canobia, howbeir it is now joyned unto
firm Land, being forced by mans hand. This he thought the meerteſt place that could be, to build the
City which he had determined, For it is as a tongue or a great bar of carth, broad enough, thar fepa-
rateth a great Lake on the one fide , and the Sea on the other , the which doth joyn hard to a great Ha-
ven. Then he ſaid that Zomey was wonderfull in ali his things, but that amongſt others, he was an ex-
cellent ArchiteRor ; and commanded that ftraight they ſhould caſt the Platform of the City, accord-
ing to the ſituation of the place. Now they found at that time, no chalk , nor white earth there to
mark withall , wherefore they were driven to take meal , and with that did mark out uponthe earth
being black the compaſs of the Town that was round and circular , and being divided into two equall
parts, either of them reſembled the skirts and faſhion of the Mac tD0Nn1an cloak. Alexander li-
ked this draught paſlingly well. But there aroſe upon the ſudden out of the River or Lake , ſuch an in-
finite multitude of great Fowl of all ſorts, that they covered the element as it had been a cloud, and
lightning within this circuit , did eat up all the meal , and left not a crum, Alex anger liked not theſe
ſigns. Notwithſtanding , his Soothſayer bade him not be diſcouraged , for they told him it was a ſign
that he ſhould build a City there, ſo plentifull of all chings, that he ſhould maintain all ſorts of People,
Then he commanded them, unto whem he had given the charge of the building , that they ſhould go
forward with their work, and he himſelf in the mean time , took his journey to go viſit the Temple
of FJapiter Hammon, The journey was long, and there were many troubles by the way, but two dan-
gers above all the reſt moſt ſpeciall : the firit, lack of water , becauſe they had to travell many days
journey through a great Deſart : the ſecond was, the danger of the riſing of the South wind by the
way, to blow the ſand abroad, which was of a wonderfull length. And it is reported, that on a time
there roſe ſuch a tempeſt in that Deſart, that blew up whole bills of ſand , which flew fifty thouſand
by ay 2
&, by
Cambyſes Army men of Cambyſes _ Every man in Alexanders Train did know theſe dangers very well : how-
iſlwade Ale
flain by ſand-
hills.
Crows guided
Alexander in
kis Journey,
The ſaying of
P[ammon the
beit it was hardtod xander from any thing which he had a deſire unto. For, fortune fa-
vouring him in all hisatrempts , made him conftant and reſolute in his determinations : and his noble
courage beſides , made him invincible in allthings he took in hand , inſomuch as he did not onely
compell his Enemies , but he had power alſo of time and place. In that Voyage, in ſtead of theſe for-
mer dangers ſpoken of, he had many helps , the which are ſuppoſed were ſent him from the gods,
by the Oracles that followed afterwards. . For in a certain ſort they have believed the Oracles that
were written of him, Firſt of all, the wonderfull water and great ſhowers that fell from the Ele-
ment, did keep him from fear of the firſt danger , and did quench their thirſt , and moiſtned the
dryneſs of the ſand in ſuch ſort, that there came a ſweet freſh air from it, Furthermore , whea
the marks were hidden from the Guides to ſhew them the way : and that they wandred up and down
they could not tell were : there came Crows unto them that did guide them flying before them -
flying faft when they ſaw them follow them , and ſtayed for them when they were behind. But Ca-
l;ſthenes writeth a greater wonder then this, rhat in the night time, with the very noiſe of the Crows,
they brought them again into the right way, which had loſ their way. Thus Alexander in the end,
having paſſed through this Wilderneſs , he came unto the Temple he ſought for : where the Pro-
pher or chief Prieſt ſaluted him from the god Hammor, as from his father. Then Alexander asked
him, if any of the murtherers that had killed his Father , were left alive. The Prieſt anſwered him,
and bade him take heed he did not blaſpheme, for his Father was no mortall man. Then Alexar-
der again rehearſing that he had ſpoken, asked him , if the murtherers that had conſpired the death
of Philip his Father were all puniſhed. After that , he asked him touching his Kingdom , if he
would grant him to be King over all the World. The god anſwered him by the mouth of his Pro-
pher, be ſhould : and that the death of Philip was fully revenged. Then did Alexander offer great
Preſents unto the god, and gave Money large to the Prieſts, and Miniſters of the Temple. This is
that the moſt part of Writers do declare touching Alexanders demand , and the Oracles given him :
Yet did Alexaxder bimſelf write unto his Mother , that he had ſecret Oracles from the god, which
he would onely impart unto her, at his return into Maczpon. Others fay alſo , that the Pro-
phet meaning to ſalute him in the Greek Tongue to welcome him the better, would have ſaid un-
to him, O Pazdicn, as much as dear Son : but that he tripped a little in his tongue , becauſe the
Greek was not his naturall tongue, and placed an s, for an n, inthe latter end, ſaying, O Pai-
dics , to wit, O Son of ©, noo and that Alexander was glad of that miſtaking. Whereupon
there ran a rumour ſtraight among his men , that 7«piter had called him his Son, Iris ſaid al-
ſo, that he heard Pſammor the Philoſopher in &GrÞrT , and that he liked his words very well,
when he faid that god.was King of all mortall men. For ( quoth he |) he that commandeth all
ings , muſt needs be god. But Alexander ſelf ſpake better, and like a Philoſopher , when he ſaith
opens. rr of that god generally was Father to all mortall men , but that particularly he did ele& the beſt ſort for
che proridence |; (elf. To conclude , he ſhewed himſelf more arrogant unto the barbarous People, and made as
of G
Alexander 2-
ſcriberh god-
headr
odimſelf
though he certainly believed that he had been begotten of ſome god : but unto the GxEcIrans he
ſpake moremodeſtly of divine generation. For in a Letter he wrote unto the ATHENIANS touch-
ing the City of $ a Mos , be ſaid : I gave yenot that noble free City , but it was given you at that time
by him whom they called my Lord and Father : meaning Philip. Afterwards alſo being ftricken with
an Arrow , and feeling great pain of it : My friends, ſaid he , this bloud which is ſpilt is mans bloud,
and not as Hom. r ſaid, | No
«T, 3 h
« yy ay P64
CRC
Ao ot
Pl 4% w-
-*
ny
BEXXN,D ER the Grea,
< ..- ib No ſuch as from th'immortal gods doth flow.
And one day alſo in a marvelious great thunder, when every man was afraid, A4naxarchus the
Rhetorician being preſent, ſaid unto him : O thou Son of Fupirer, wilt thou do as much ? No, ſaid
he, laughing on him, I will not be ſo feartull ro my friends, as theu would have me : diſdaining
the ſervice of Fiſh tro my Board, becauſe thou ſeeſt not Princes heads ſerved in. And the report goeth
alſo that Alexander upon a time ſending a little Fiſh unto Hepheſtion, Anaxarchus ſhould lay as it
were in mockery, that they which above others ſeek for fame with great trouble and hazard of liie;
have either ſmall pleaſure in the world, or elſe as little as others have. By theſe proofs and reaſons
alledged, we may think that Alexander had no vain nor preſumptious opinion of himſelf, co
think chat he was otherwiſe begotten of a god, but that he did it in policy to keep other men under
obedience, by the opinion conceived of his godhead. —_— out of PHoENICIA into £GyPT
he made many Sacrifices, Feaſts, and Proceſlions in honour of the gods, ſundry Dances, Tragedies,
p
Alexander
made Feaſts
and ſuch like paſtimes goodly to behold : not onely for the ſumptuous ſetting out of them, but alſo ad Plays.
for the good will and diligence of the Setters forth of them, which ſtrived every one to exceed the 0-
ther. For the Kings of the Cy yx14aNs wete the Setters of them forth, as at Ariz Ns they drew
by Lot a Citizen ot every Tribe of the People, to defray the charges of theſe paſtimes. 'Theſc Kings
were very earneſt who ſhould do beſt, but ſpecially 2 zcocreon, King of SaLamixa, in Cy prus:;
and Paſicrates, Lord of the Ciry of SOLEs. For it fell out to their Lot to furniſh rwo of the excel-
lenteſt Players, Paſicrates furniſhed 4thenodorus, and Nicocreon Theſſalus : whom Alexander loved
ſingularly. well though he made no ſhew of ir, untill that 4rhenodorus was declared Vitor, by the
Judges depured to give ſentence. For when he went from the Plays, he told them he did like the Judges
opinion well, notwithſtanding , he would have been contented ro have given the one half of his
Realm, not to have ſeen Theſſalus overcome. eAthenodorys being condemned upon a time by the
ATHENIANS, becauſe he was not in ATHENS at the Feaſts of Bacchxs, when the Comedies and
Tragedies were played, and a fine ſet on his head for his abſence : he beſought «Alexander to write un-
to them in his behalf, that they would releaſe his Penalty. Alexander would not do ſo, but ſent
thicher his Money whereof he was condemned, and payed it for him of his own Purſe, Alſo when
Lycon SCARPHIAN, an excellent Stage-player had pleaſed Alexander well, and did foiſt in a Verſe
in his Comedy, containing a Petition of ten Talents : Alexander laughing at it; gave it him. Darixs at
that time wrote unto Alexander, amd unto certain of his friendsalfo, to pray him to take ten thou-
ſand Talents for the ranſom of all thoſe Priſoners he had if his hands; and for all the Countries, Lands
and Signiories on this fide the River of Euphrates, and one of his Daughters alſo in marriage, that
from thenceforth he might be his Kinſman and friend.. Alexander imparted this to his Council, A-
mongſt them Parmenio ſaid unto him : if I were Alexander, quoth he, ſurely I would accept this of-
fer. So would I indeed, quoth Alexander again, if I were Parmento. In fine, he wrote again unto Da-
rius,that if he would ſubmit himſelf, he would uſe him courteoully : if nor, that then he would preſently
march towards him, But he repented him afterwards, when King Darius Wife was dead with child :
for without difſimulation it grieved him much, that he had loſt ſo noble an occaſion ro ſhew his courte-
fie and clemency. This notwithſtanding, he gave her body honourable burial, ſparing for no coſt.. A-
mongſt the Eunuchs of the Queens Chamber, there was one Tireus taken priſoner, among the Wo-
men : who ſtealing out of Alexanders Camp, taking his horſe-back, rode unto Darius to bring him
news of the death of his Wife, Then Darizs beating of his head, and weeping bitterly, cryed out aloud:
O gods, what wretched hap have the Pex S1aNs ! that have not onely bad the Wife and Siſter of
their King taken priſoners even in his life time, but now that ſhe is dead in travel of Child, ſhe hath
been deprived of princely burial. Then ſpake the Eunuch to him, and faid : For her burial; moſt gra-
cious King, and for all due honour that might be wiſhed her, Pzx 514 hath no cauſe to complain of
her hard fortune. For, neither did Queen Sratira yout Wife whilſt ſhe lived priſoner, nor your Mo-
ther, nor Daughters, want any part or jot of their honour they were wont to have betore, ſaving only
to ſee the light of your honour, the which, god Oromaſaes grant to reſtore again (if it be his will) unto
your Majefty : neither was there any honour wanting at her death (to fer forth her ſtately Funerals) that
might be gotten, but more, was lamented alſo with the tears of your Enemies, For Alexander is as
mercifull in ViRory,as he is valiant in Battle. Darixs hearing the Eunuchs words, being vexed in mind
for very grief: rook the Eunuch aſide into the ſecrereſt place of his Tent,and ſaid unto him : If thou be
not, with the misfortune of the Pzrxs1aNns, become a MAcEDONIAN, but doeft in thy heart ac-
knowledge Darius {2 thy ſoveraign Lord and Maſter : I pray thee, and doalſo conjure thee, by the
reverence thou beareſt unto this bright light of che Sun, and to theright hand of the King, that
thou do tell me truly. Are theſe the leaft evils which I lament in Starzra, ber impriſonment and
death ? Anddid ſhe not in ber life make us more miſerable by her diſhonour, then if we had diſhonour-
ably fallen into the hands of a cruell Enemy ? For, what honeſt communication 1 pray thee, can a
young Victorious Prince have with his Enemies Wife a priſoner : having done her ſo much honour as
he hath done? Darius going on with theſe ſpeeches, Tireus the Eunuch fell down on his knees, and
beſought him not ro ſay ſo, neither ro blemiſh the Vertue of Alexander in that ſorr, nor yer ſo to dil-
honour his Siſter and Wife deceaſed, and thereby alſo to deprive himſelf of the greateſt comfort he
could wiſh to have in his calamity, which was, to be overcome of an Enemy that had greater Vertues
then a man could poilible bave : but rather that he ſhould wonder at Alexanders Vertue, who had
ſhewed himſelf chaſter to the Ladies, then valiant againſt the PzR's1axs. And therewithall, the
Darius ſent
Ambaſſadors
unto Alexan-
der.
Statira, King
Darius Wite,
died in travel
of child.
Tireus report
to Darius of
Statiraes burial
Darius talk
with Tircus thg
Eunuch.
Ccc Eunuch *'
ALEXANDERT
The commen-
dation of Alex-
anders chaſtity.
Darius prayer
unto rhe gods.
Darius Army
of ren hundr
thouſand fig
ing men again
Alexander , at
the River of
Eupbratcs.
The magnani-
mity of Alex-
ander,
Alexanders
third Battle
with Darius.
Eunuch confirmed the great honeſty, chaſtity, and noble mind of eLlexander, by MIny4 |
deep Oaths, Then Darixs coming out among his friends again , holding up his bands unto
the heavens, made his prayer unto the gods : © O heavenly gods, Creators of men, and Prote@ors
« of Kings and Realms : firſt, I beleech you grant me, that reſtoring the Pzr $1aNs again to their
« former good ſtate, I may leave the Realm unto my Succefſors, with that glory and fame I received
& jt of my Predeceſſors : that obtaining Victory, I may uſe eLlexander with that great honour and
& courteſie, which he hath in my miſery ſhewed unto thoſe I loved beſt in the world. Or otherwiſe
« if the time appointed be come, that the Kingdom of PEzRrs1 A muſt needs have end, either through
&« divine revenge, or by natural change of earthly things : then good gods yet grant , that none
*© but eAlexander after me, may fit in Cyr Throne, Divers Writers do agree, that theſe things
came even thus io paſs. Now eAlexanaer haying _—_— all As1A on this fide of the River of
Empbrates, he went to meet with Darixs, that came down with ten hundred thouſand fighting
men. It was told him by ſome of his friends ro make him laugh, that the Slaves of his Army had
divided themſelves in two parts , and had choſen them a General of either part, naming the one
Alexander, and the other Darin : and that at the firſt, they began to skirmiſh onely with clods of
Earth, and afterwards with fiſts, bur at the laſt, they grew ſo hot, that they came to plain Stones
and Staves, ſo that they could not be papted. © Alexander hearing that, would needs have the two
Generals fight hand to hand one with the other : and Alexander ſelf did arm him that was called
Alexander, and Philotas the other which was called Darizs. Allthe Army thereupon was gather-
ed together to ſee this combat berween them, as a thing that did bet6ken good or ill luck to come.
The Rot was ſharp between them, but in the end, he that was called Alexander overcame the
other: and Alexander to reward him, gave him twelve Villages, with priviledge ro go after the
PERSIAN manner, Thus itis written by £ratoſthenes, The great Battle that Alexander fought
with Darius was not (as many Writers report) at Arbeles, but at Gauſameles, which ſignifterh
in the PERs1AN Tongue, the Houſe of the Cammell, For ſome one of the ancient Kings of Pe r-
$14 that hadeſcaped from the hands of his Enemies, flying upon a Dromedary-Cammel, lodged
him in that place, and therefore: appointed the revenues of certain Villages ro keep the Cammel
there. There fell our at that time an Eclipſe of the Moon, in the Moneth called B edromion ( now
Auguſt) about the timethat the Feaſts of the Myſteries was celebrated at ATHENs, Theeleventh
night after that, both the Armies being in ſight each of other, Dar kept his men in Barttle-ray,
and went himſelf by Torch-light viewing is Bands and Companies, Alexander on the other (ide
whileſt his MaczDo N1Aan Souldiers ſlept, was before his Tent with Ar:/ftander the Soothſayer,
and made certain ſecret Ceremonies and Sacrifices unto- Apollo, The ancient Captains of the
MACEDONIANS, ſpecially Parmenio, ſeeing all the Valley berwixt the River of Miphates, and
the Mountains of the GoRDIEIANS, all on a bright light with the fires of the barbarous People,
and hearing a dreadfullnoiſe as of a confuſed mwlticude of People that filled their Camp with the
ſound thereof : they were amazed, and conſulted, that in one day it was in manner unpoſlible to
fight a Battle with ſuch an incredible multitude of People. Thereupon they went unto Alexander
- he had ended his Ceremonies, and did counſel him to give Battle by night, becauſe the darkneſs
thereof ſhould help ro keep all fear from his men, which the fight of their Enemies would bring
them into, But then he gave them this notable anſwer : I will not ſteal Victory, quoth he. This
anſwer ſeemed very fond and arrogant to ſome, that he was ſo pleaſant, being near ſo great danger,
Howbeit others think that it was a preſent noble courage , and a deep conſideration of him, to
think what ſhould happen : thereby to give Darizs no manner of occaſion ( if he were over-
come) to take heart again, and to-prove another Battle, accuſing the darkneſs of the night as
cauſe of his Overthrow : as he had done at the firſt Conflict, imputing his overthrow to the Moun-
tains, the Straizhts, and the Sea. For, ſaid he, Dariz will never leave ro make Wars with us for
lack of men, nor Munition, having ſo large a Realm as he hath, and ſuch a world of People beſides :
bur then he will no more hazard Battle, when his heart is done, and all hope taken from him, and that
he ſeeth his Army at noon daies overthrown by plain Battle. After his Captains were gone
from him, he went into his Tent, and laied him down to ſleep, and ſlept all that night more ſound-
ly then he was wont to do before : inſomuch as the Lords and Princes of his Camp coming to
wait upon - him at his upriſing, marvelled when they found him fo faſt aſleep, and therefore of
themſelves they commanded the Souldiers to eat. Afterwards, perceiving that time came faſt npon
-them, Parmentio went into Alexanders Chamber, and coming to his beds-ſide called himtwice or thrice
by Name, till at the laſt he awaked him, and asked him how it chanced that he flept ſo long, like one
that had already overcome, and that did not think he ſhould fight as great and dangerous a Battle
as ever he did in his life, Why, ſaid Alexander, laughing on him : Joel thou not think we have
already overcome, being troubled no more with running after Dari up and down a Countrey ut-
terly deſtroyed, as we thould otherwiſe have been compelled to have done, if he would not have
come to Bartle, and deſtroyed the Countrey before us? Now Alexander did not onely ſhew him-
ſelf before the Battle, but even at the very inſtant of the Battle, a noble man of courage, and of
great judgement, For Parmenio leading the left Wing of his Battle, the men of Arms of the Ba -
CTRIANS gave ſuch a fierce onfer upon the MactDpoNIans, that they made them give back :
and e Hazes alſo, King Darixs Lieutenant, ſent certain Troops of Horſemen out of their Battle, to
give charge upon them that were left in the Camp to guard the Carriage. Parmenio being amazed _
either
1 NDER the (Great.
£ l Ai
e Wtrenmpegtent invicdiacely ro advertiſe eLlexandey, that all their Camp and Carriage
vould” be loff,” if he did not ferid' ptefently ro aid the rereward;- When theſe News came to Alex-
ander from Parmenio, be had Hlitady given the Signal of Battle uno his men for to give Charge.
Whereupon he anſwered rhe+ Meſſenger that brought him theſe News, that he ſhould tell *Z ar-
menio he was a mad man and”olit of his wits not remembring thar if they wan'the Battle, they
ſhould not onely fave their wn Carriage, bur alſo win the Carriage of their "Enemies : and 'if it
were their chance to loſe it, then-that they thould not need to care for their Carriage, nor tor their
&-ves, bur" onely to think ro die honourably, valiamly fighting for his life. Having ſent this Meſ-
ſage unto Parmenio, he put on his' Helmet. The-relt ot his Armour for his Body, he had pur it on
before in his Tent, which was, a C1C1L1AN 'Cafſock, and upon that a Brigandine made of many
folds of Canvas with Oylet-holes, which was gotten among the ſpoils at the Battle of Is sus. His -
Head-piece- was as bright as-ilver, made by T heophil;s che Armourer : his Coller ſuit-like to the
ſame, all ſer full of precious Stones, and he had a Sword by his fide marvellous light, and of excel-
lent temper, which the King of the C1T1E1ANsS had given him, uſing commonly to fight with his
Sword atany ſer Battle, H:is Coar-armour was marveitous rich, and of ſumptuous workmanſhip
far above all the reſt he wore. ' It was of the workmanthip of Helicon, the which the RHopri a x5
gave him for a Preſent, and this he commonly wore when he went to Battle, Now when he did ſet
his men in Battle-ray, or made any Oration unto them, or did ride alongſt the Bands to take view
of them : healwaies uſed tro ride upon another Horſe ro ſpare Bucephal, becauſe he was then ſome-
what old : notwithſtanding, when he meant indeed ro fight, then Bucephal was brought unto him;
and as ſoon as he was gotten up on his back, the Trumper ſounded, and he gave Charge. 1 hen,after
he had made long Exhortations to encourage the men of Arms of the THESSAL1ANs and the 0-
ther GRECIANS alſo, and when, they had all promiſed him they would tick ro him like men, and
prayed him to lead them, and gave charge upon the Enemies: he took his Launce in his leit han,
and holding up his right hand unto Heaven, beſought the gods ( as {allifthenes writeth ) that if it
were true he was begotten of Jupiter, that it would pleaſe them that day to help him, andto en-
courage the GREc1ans. The Soothlayer Ariſtander was then on horſe-back hard by Alexander;
apparelled all in white, and a Crown of Gold on his Head, who ſhewed Alexander when he made
his prayer, an Eagle fying over his. head, and-pointing dire&tly towards his Enemies. This mar-
. vellouſly encouraged all the Army that ſaw it, and with this joy, the men of Arms of eAlexanders
ſide, encouraging one another , did ſer ſpurs'to their Horſe ro charge upon the Enemies, The
Battle of the Footmen of the P=R 51A Ns, began a little to give way, and before the foremoſt conld
come to give them charge, the barbarous People turned their backs, and fled. The chaſe was grear:
Alexander driving them that fled upon the middeft of their own Battle, where Darius felt was
in perſon, he ſpied him afar off over the foremoſt Ranks+in the middeſt of his Battle, beirg
2 goodly tall Prince, ſtanding in a Chariot of War, compaſſed in round with great Troops of
Horſemen, all ſet in goodly ordinance to receive the Enemy. But when they ſaw Alexander at
hand with ſo grim a look, chafing them that fled , through thoſe that yer kept their Ranks :
there fell ſuch a fear among them , that the moſt part diſperſed themſelves, Notwithſtand-
ing, the beſt and moſt valianteſt men faught it out to the death betore their King, and falling dead
one upon another, they did Jet them, that the Enemies could not ſo well tollow Darius. For they
lying one by another on the ground, drawing on to the laſt gaſp, did yet take both men and Horſes
by the legs to hinder them. Darz#«s then ſeeing nothing bur terrour and deſtruction before his eyes,
and that the Bands which he had ſet before him tor ſafeguard, came back upon him, ſo as he could not
deviſe how to tuxn his Chariot forward nor backward, the Wheels were ſo hindred and ſtayed
with the heaps of dead Bodies, and that the Horſe alſo being ſet upon and hid in manner in this
Conflict, fell to leaping and plunging for fear , ſo that the Charriottiers could no longer guide
nor drive them : he got up upon a Marethat lately had a Foal, and fo ſaved himſelf fiying upon
her. And yet had he not thus eſcaped, had not Parmenio once again ſent unto Alexander to pray
him to come and aid him : becauſe there was yet a great Squadron whole together that ka > no
countenance 'to fly, Somewhat there was in it, that they accuſed Parmenio that day to have
dealt but ſlackly and cowardly, either becauſe his age had taken his courage from him, or elſe
for that be envyed Alexanders greatneſs and proſperity, who againſt his will became over great,
as (alliſthenes ſaid. In fine, Alexander was angry with the ſecond Meffage, and yet rold not his
men truly the-cauſe why, but faining that he would have them leave killing , and becauſe alſo
night came on he cauſed the Trumpet ſound retreat, and ſo went towards his Army , whom
place
The Bartle having this ſucceſs, every man thought that the Kingdome of the Pers1aNs was of
utterly overthrown, and that Alexander likewile was become onely King of all As14a : where-
wy — 4 a —_ . -
2-5 9 x - - ? d
he —_ to be in diſtreſs. Notwithſtanding , News came to him by the way, that in that qtexenders
alſo, they had given the Enemies the Overthrow , and that- they fled every way for life. third Vitory
upon he-made ſumptuous Sacrifices unto the gods , and gave great: riches, Houſes, Lands and
Poſſeſlions unto his Friends and Familiars. Furthermore, ro (hew his liberaliry alſo unto the
GRECIANS, he wrote unto them, that he would have all Tyrannies ſupprefſed chroughour all
GREECE, and that all the Gx#c1ans ſhould live at liberty under their own Laws. "Particu-
larly alſo he wrote untothe Pxat&1aNs, that he would re-edifie their City again; becauſe their
Predecefſorrs in'time paſt, had given their Countrey unto the GREc1ANS, to fight againſt the
barbarous People for the defence of the common Liberty of all Gxzzcz. He ſent alſo into ITAr y
Cec2 unto
54% ALEXANDER
of WT AUP Woe
&
mY
unto the GRoTONIANS, part of the ſpoil , to honour the memory on ſw
will of Phayllus their Citizen, who in the time of the Wars with the ME DE s- (when al the "OR x-
CIANS that dweltin IT a Ly had forſaken their natural Countreymen 'of GrEEcE it ſelf, becauſe
they thought they could not otherwiſe ſcape) went with a Shipngf his unto SALA MINA, which
he' armed and' ſet forth at his own charges, becauſe he would be.atjihe Battle, and partake alſo of
the.common danger with the GREC1ANS : ſuch honour did Ajexanger bear unto Prowels , that
he loved to reward and remember the worthy deeds of men. Then,.Alexaxder marching with his
Army into the Countrey of Bap1Lo x, they all yielded ftraight unto him, When he came igzo
the Countrey of the EcBATANIANS , he marvelled when he ſaw. an opening of the Earth, out
of the which there came continual ſparks of fire as out of a Well : and that hard by alſo the Earth
* The ſtrength ſpued out continually a kind of *. Maund- or Chalky Clay ſomewhat liquid, of ſuch abundance,
and power of as it ſeemed like a Lake. This Maund or Chalk{is like unto a kind of Lime or Clay, but it is ſo
Naptha, in the eafie to be ſet a fire, that not touching it with any flame, by the brightneſs onely of the light that
Countrey of cometh out of the fire, it is ſet a fire, and doth alſo ſet the Air a fire which is berween both. The
Ecvaenis, barbarous People of that Countrey, being deſirous to ſhew Alexander the nature of that Naptha,
ſcattered the Street thar led to his lodging, with ſome of it, Then the day being ſhut in, they
fired it at one of the ends, and the- firſt drops taking fire, in the twinckling of an eye, all the reſt
from one end of the Street to the other was of a. flame, and though it was dark and within night,
lightned all the place thereabout, Alexander being in Bath at that time, and waited upon by a
Page called Steven: (a hard favoured Boy, but yet that had an excellent ſweet Voice to Sing) one
Athenophanes an ATHENIAN, that alwaies nointed and bathed the King, and much delighted him
with his pleaſant conceits, asked him if he would ſcethe trial of this Naptha upon Stevezr : for if
the fire took and went not out, then he would ſay it had a wonderfull force, and was unquenchable.
The Page was contented to have it proved upon him, Burt ſoon as they had laid it on him, and did
but touch it onely, it took ſtraight of ſuch a flame, and ſo fired his body, that Alexander himſelf
was in a maryellous perplexity withall, And ſure had it not been by good hap, that there were many
by,. ready with Veſſels full of Water to put into the Bath, it bad been unpoſlible to have ſaved the
Boy from being burnt to nothing ; and yet ſo he {caped narrowly, and befides was ſick long after,
What. Mededer Now ſome apply this Naptha unto the fable of 4edes, ſaying, that therewith ſhe rubbed the Crown
"7 ran and Lawn ſhe gave unto the Dayghter of Creoz at her marriage, ſo much ſpoken of inthe Tragedies. .
4A For neither the Crown nor the Lawn could catch fire of themſelves, neither did the fire light by
- Chance. But by oyling them with this Naptha ſhe wrought a certain aptneſs to receive more forcibly
the Operation of the fire, which was in place where the Bride ſate. For the beams whrch the fire
caſteth out, have over ſome bodies no other.force, but to heat and lighten them. Bur ſuch as have
an oily dry humour, and thereby a fimpathy -and proportionable conformity with the nature of the
fire : it eaſily enflamerh and ſerteth a fire, by the forcible impreſſion of his beams, Howbeit they
* In this place MAKE 2 great queſtion of the cauſe of this natural force of Naptha, * or whether this liquid ſub-
there lack cer- ſtance and moiſt humour that takerh fire ſo eaſily, doth come of the Earth that is fatty and apt to
tain Linesin conceive fire, For the Countrey about Basy Low is very hot, infomuch as oftentimes Barley being
_ theGreekO- yur into the Ground, it bloweth it up again, as if the Earth by vehement inflamation had a ftrong
riginsl. blaſt to caſt it out : and men in the extreameſt heat of the Summer, do ſleep there, upon great Leather
budgets filled full of freſh Water. Harpalus, whom Alexander leftthere his Lieotenant and Governor
. , of that Countrey, deſiring to ſet forth and beautifie the Gardens of the Kings Pallace and Walks of
| [nib _ the ſame, -with all manner of Plants of GREECE : he brought all the reſt to good paſs, ſaving Ivy
rang onely, which the earth could never abide, but it ever died, becauſe the heat and temper of the Earth
killed ir, and the Iyy of it ſelf likerh freſh air and a could Ground, This digreſlion is ſomewhat from
Treaſure found the matter, but peradyenture the Reader will not think it troubleſome, how hard ſoever he find it,
A” Fey an ſo it be not over tedious. Alexander baving won the City of Sus a, he found within the Caſtle four
Suſe. 7 thouſand Talents in ready coin, Gold and Silver, beſides other infinite Treaſure and ineſtimable, a-
* It jeemeth mongſt the which (it is ſaid) he found to the value of five thouſand Talents of * Purple Hz x m10na
that he mean- Silk which hay ſafe locked up and kept the ſpace of rwo hundred years ſave ten, and yet the co-
_ SY - our kept as frefh as if it had been newly made. Some ſay that the cauſe why it was ſo well kept, came
wr : by means of the dying of it with Honey, in Silks, which before had been died red, and with white Oyl
' beſt that was 1N white Silks, For, there are Silks ſeen of that colour of as long a time, that keep colour as well as
in Europe was the other, Dino writeth furthermore, that the Kings of Px s14-made water to be brought from the
- -m mn Rivers of Nylwsand Iſter (otherwiſe called Danxby) which they did lock up with their other Treaſure
9s in Laconia #Or tbe confirmation of the greatneſs of their Empire, and ro (hew that they were Lords of the World.
: The ways toenter into Pz x $1.A being very hard of paſſage, and in manner unpaſſable, (both for the
ilneſs of the ways, as alſo for the guard that kept 6m which were the choiceſt men of Per 514)
Darius alſo being fled thither - there was one that ſpake the GxzEx and PERSIAN Tongue (whoſe
Father was born in the Country of Ly c 14, and his Mother a PER $14 N) that guided Alexander into
Alexanders PERSIA, by ſome compaſs fetched about not very long, according to the Qracles anſwer of Alexander
journey inbo given by themouth of the Nun Pyrhias, when he was a Child : that a Lyc1an ſhould guide and lead
_ him againſt the PERStaNs, There was then great ſlaughter made in» Px & $14 of the Priſoners
found 2 mars Þat were taken. For Alexander himſelf writeth, that he commanded the men ſhould be pur to the
vellous Trea- Sword, thinking that the beſt way to ſerve his turn. It-is ſaid alſo, that there he found a marvel-
ſure in Pers. lous Treaſure of Gold and Silver in ready Money, as he had done before in the City of Sus a _
whic
_— Sv 0
-
-
Mm cn...
o—_—
ALEXA XD E R the Great,
which he carried away wich all the zeſt of the Kings rich Ward-robe, and with ir loaded ten thous
fand Mules, and 'five thouſand: Camels. <Alexander entring into the Caſtle of -the chief Ciry
of 'PExSTA, ſaw. by chance a great: Image of” Xer.xes lie on the! ground, the which unawares was
thrown' .down . by the- multitude of 'rhe Souldiers -that came in: thronging one- upon another.
Thereupon he ſtayed, and ſpake unto-it as if it ; had been alive, ſaying : 1 cannor tell whether
1 chould- paſs by thee, and let thee lie , for the War thou madeſt ſometime againſt the Gx x-
CIANS'; or whether-I. ſhould lift thee up, reſpecting the noble mind and Vertues thou haddeſt,
Ih the end, when he had ſtood-mute a long time, | confidering of ir, he went his way ; and meaning
to refreſh his weary 'Army, becauſe it was the winter quarter, he remained there four Moneths ro-
gether. The report goeth that the firſt time that Alexander fate under the Cloath of State of King
Darixs, all of rich Gold : Demarathus CoRINTHIAN (who firſt began to love him, even in his
Father Philips. rime) burſt out intears for joy (good old man) ſaying, that the GREc1ans long
time dead beiore, were deprived of this bleſſed hap,to ſee Alexander fit in King Xer xes princely Chair,
Aftcr that,. preparing again to go againſt Darius, he would needs make merry one day, and refreſh
himſelf with ſome banquer, Ir chanced (o, that he with his Companions was bidden to a private Feaſt
privately , where was aſſembled ſome fine Curtizans of his Familiars, . who with their Friends carried at
the Banquer. Amongſt rhem was that famous Thais, born in the Countrey of Art T1ca, and then Th. jafotenc
Concubine to Prolomy, King of &Gy2T after Alexaxder: death. She finely praiſed Alexander, and boldneſs of
partly in ſporting wile, began to utter matter in affection of her Countrey, bur yer of greater impor- This the Hat-
rance' then became her mouth : ſaying, that that day ſhe found her ſelf fully recompenced to her '**-
great good liking, for all the pains ſhe had taken, travelling through all the Countreys of As14, fol-
lowing of his Army, now that ſhe had this favour and good hap to be merry and pleaſant, - in the proud
and Stately Pallace of the great Kings of PE& $1A. Bur yet it would do her more good for a recrea-
tion to: burn Xerzes Houle with the fire of joy, who had burnt the Ciry of ATHExNs : and her ſelfto
give the fire to.it, before ſo noble a Prince as Alexander. Becauſe ever after it might be ſaid, that the
Woman following his Camp had taken more noble revenge of the PzRxs1ANs, tor the wrongs and
injuries they had done unto GrsEcs : then all the Captains of GREECE that ever were had
done, either by Land or Sea. When ſhe had ſaid, Alexander familiars about him, clapped their hands
and made great noiſe for joy, ſaying : that it were asgood a deed as could be poſſible, and perſwaded
«Alexander untoit; Alexander yielding to their perſwaſions,. roſe up, and 'putring a Garland of
' Flowers upon his head, went foremoſt bimſelf : and all —— followed after him, crying and
ing of it alſo, came thither immedi- Perſepolis ſer 8
ately with Torches light and great joy, hoping that ir was ayood- ſign that Alexander meant to re- fire by Alex.
turn-again into MACEDON, and not to dwell in the —_ of the barbarous People, fith he did 44":
rt1
dancing all about:the Caſtle.. The other. MacEzDoNIANs
burn and deſtroy the Kings Caſtle. Thus, and-in this ſort i® was thought to be burnt. Some Writers
think otherwiſe : that it was not burnt with ſuch ſport, but by determination of the Council, Bur
howſoever it was, they .all grant, that «Flexander did preſently repent him, and commanded the fire
to be quenched ſtraight. For his liberality, that good will and readinefs to give, increaſed with his
Conqueſts : and when he Yid beftow Gifts of any, he would beſides his Gift, ever give them good
countenance, on whom he-beftowed his grace and favour. And here I will recite a few examples there-
of, eAriſto being Colonel of the P&0N1Ans, having flain one of his Enemies, he brought him
his Head, and ſaid : ſuch a Preſent, O King, by us, isever rewarded with a Cup of Gold. Yea, quoth
Alexander, ſmiling upon him with an empty Cup. . But I drink to thee this Cup full of good Wine,
and do give thee Cup and all: Another time, he met with a poor Mac £00 NIAN- that led a Mule
loaden with Gold of the Kings : and when the poor Mule was ſo weary that ſhe could no longer car-
ry her burden, the Muletter put it upon his own back, . and loaded himſelf withall carrying it ſo a good
pretty way : howbeit in the end being over-loaden, was about to throw it down on the- ground. 4-
lexander perceiving it, asked him what burden he carried. When it was told him : well, quoth he co
the Muletter, be not weary yet but carry it intothe Tent, for I give it thee. To be ſhort, he was ang-
rier with them that would take nothing of him, then be was with thoſe that would ask him ſome-
what. He wrote alſo unto Phocion; that he would take him no more for his Friend, if he would refuſe
his Gifts, Ir ſeemed-rhat he bad:given nothing unto.a young Boy called Serapion (who ever did ſerve
them-che Ball that.plaid ar Tennis) becauſe he asked him nothing. Wheretore the King playing on a
time, this young Boy, threw the Ball to others that played with him, and not to himſelf, The King
marvelling at ir, atthe length ſaid unto him': Why, my Boy, doſt thou not give me the Ball > Becau
your Majeſtydoth not ask it me, quoth he. Alexander then underſtanding his meaning, laughed
at the Boy, and did much for him afterwards. There was attending on him alſo one Proteas, a plea-
ſant conceited man, and-that could. jeſt finely, It chanced upon ſome occafion that Alexander fell
out with him : whereupon ſome of his friends were intercefſors unto the King for him, and beſoughr
him to pardon him/3. and Proreas himſelf alſo being preſent, craved pardon with tears in his eyes.
Alexander thereupon forgave him. Then preſently replied Proteas, I defire it may pleaſe your Grace,
that I may receive ſome Teſtimony to afſure me I am in your favour. Thereupon the King ſtraight
cotamanded one-to-give him five Talents. The goods and riches he gave unto his Familiars and
Guard about him,” were very great, as it appeared plainly by a Letter which his Mother Olympias
wrote unto him, to this effec : I know thou ſpareſt not ro give ov Lomgy'> large Gifts, and that chou
makeſt rwuch of chem; but chereby.rhou makeft them Kings fellows, they ger many Friends , and
leaye thee poſt alone without any. His be A IY- times write ſuch like matters unto _
" CC 3 ine
-
E
F
þ "I
: AL EXAND ER the Great,
LENT "OS |
the which «Ade xander kept uy ſecret, ſaving one day when he.opened one of them, ZZepheſtion
being preſent drew near, and read the Leiter with him, as he was wont to do. } Alexander did ler
him alone, buc when he had read it, he pluckt the Seal of Arms from his finger, wherewith hedid
uſe to Seal his Lexters, and put it to #fepheſtions mouth. He gave alſo untorche $0n of @Flazrwe
(hat was the chiefeſt man about*Darius) aſecond Governmem, beſides that which he had before,
and grexer then the firſt. This young Noble-man refuſed it, ſaying : why, and-ic pleaſe your Grate,
before there was but one Darizs, but you now make many Atexander;. He gaveunto Parmenioallo,
Bagoas Houſe, where (as it is reported) he found a thouſand Talents worth of che Spoils and govds
of the SuszAanNs. He wrote alſounto e/Fntipeter, thathe ſhould keep a Guard abvut his perſon,
for he had many Enemies that lay. in wait for him. He did ſend alſo many goodly Prefents unto: his
Mother, but withall be wrote unto her, chat {he would meddle ao more with his Macters or. Gitts,
raking upon her; the Office of a Captain. She ſtorming at it, be patiently did brook her anger. .4»-
tipater another time, writing a long Lerter unto him againſt his Mother Otympias : when he had read
it over, Lo, faid be, Antipater knoweth not, that one tear of che Mothers eye will wipe out ten
thouſand ſuch Letters, Furthermore Alexander. perceiving on a time, that his friends became very
diſſolute and licentious in Diet and Lite, and that _4gmon TErAaNn had his corked Shooes nailed with
Silver Nails, that Leonatus alſo cauſed divers Camels to be loaden amongft his carriage with Powder
of £6Gy PT, to put upon him when he wreſtled or uſed any other exerciſe of body, and that alſo they
carried after Philotus, Toiles for chaſe and hunting, of an hundred furlong long, and that there were
alſo that uſed precious Perfumes and ſweet Savours when they bathed chem(elves, more then there
were that rubbed themſelves with plain Oyl, and that they had fine Chamberlains. to rub rhem in
the Bath, and ro make their Beds ſoft and delicate : he wiſely and courteoully rebuked them and faid ;
I marvel, ſaid he, that you which have fought in ſo often and great Battles, do not remember thar
they which travel, do fleep more ſweet and ſoundly, then they that take their eaſe and do nothing :
that you do not mark, that comparing your Life, with the manner of the Life of the Pers r-
curioſity of his ANS, to liye at pleaſure is a vilething and to travel is princely. And how I pray you, can a man
take pains to dreſs his own Horſe, or to make clean his Launce or Helmet, chat for ſlothfull curi-
aliries ſake, diſdaineth to rub his own Body with. his fingers? Are you ignorant that che tipe of Ho.
nour in all our Victory conſiſteth, in ſcorning. to do.that which-we ſee them do, whom we have van-
quiſhed and overgame ? To bring them therefore by his example, to.acquaint chemſelyes with bard-
nels: he reok more pains in Wars: and in hunting., and did hazard himſelf more dange :
then ever he had dane before. Whereupon an Ambaſſador of LaczDamon being preſent ro;
him fight wich a Lion, and to kill him, ſaid unto him : truly your Grace hath fought well with this
Ljon, and tried which of you wwo ſhould be King. - Crater«s after that, cauſed this hunting to be ſet
up in the Temple of Apolo in Dar yHOs': where are the Images of the Lion , of the Dogs,
and of the King fighting with the Lian, and of himſelf alſo that came to help him, all thoſe Images
being of Copper, ſome made by Zyfppus, the reſt by Leochares. Thus eALlexanger did put him-
ſelf unto all jeopardies, as well to exerciſe his ftrength and courage, as alſo to allure his men ro do the
like, - This notwithſtanding his friends and familiars having Wealth at will, as men exceeding rich, rhey
would needs live delicately at eaſe, and would take no more pains, miſliking utterly co go up and
down the Countries to make War here and there, and thereupon began a luwlero find fauk with
eAlexander and to ſpeak evil of him. Whichat the 'firſt eL/exender took quietly, ſaying, that it
was Honour for a King to ſuffer birſelf to be {landered and ill ſpoken of, for doing of good, And
yet the leaſt good turns he did unto his friends, did ſhew his hearry love and honour he bare them,
as ſhall appear wito you by ſome examples that follow. Pemceſftas being bitten by a Beare, did
let his friends underftand by Letters, but he wrote nothing thereof unto «le xander. Alexander
wes offended therewith, and wrote unto. him thus : Send me word at the leaft yer how thou doeft,
and whether any of thy fellows did forſake thee at the hunting, to che end they may be puniſhed.
Hepheſtion being abſent about certain buſineſs he had, eFlexarnder wrote unto him, that as they
were bunting a Beaft called Ichnewmon , Crater , unfortunately croſſing Perdiccas Dart , was
Friends, and ſtricken through both his thighs. Pexceftas being cured of a great diſeaſe, eAlexander wrote
unto eAMlexippacs his Phiſttian that had cured him, and gave him thanks. Crarerw alſo being
ſick, he dreamed of him one night, and therefore made certain Sacrifices for .the recovery of
his health, and ſent unto. him , willing him to: do the like. And when che Phiſitian P auſanias
meant to give him a drink of Ellrborus, be wrote Letters unto him, telling him- what danger he
was in, and prayed him to. be carefull how he received that Medicine. He did alſo pur Ephi-
akes and. Ciſſns in priſon, who brought him the firſt news of Harpalus flying, becauſe they did
wrongfully accuſe and ſlander him. When he commmanded there ſhould be: a: Bill of
all the Old mens Names, and diſeaſed perſons that were in. his Camp, to ſend them home a-
gain into their Country : there was one Exrylochus £6GE1ax, that made his Name be billed a-
mong the ſick. perſons, and i was found afterwards that he was nor fick, and confeſſed. that: be did:
it onely to follow a young Woman called Teleſippa, with whom he was in love, who was returning
home towards the Sea fide, «Alexander asked him, whether this' Woman: were freeor bond :
he anſwered: him, that ſhe was a Curtizan free born. Then. faid e-Clexanderunto Exrylochus, 1
would be glad to further thy love, yet I cannot force her to tarry. ; bur ſeek. ro win: her: by Gifts
and fair words to be contented to tarry, fithence ſhe is a free Woman, It isawonderfull ching to
ſce what pains he would take, to write for his Friends, even: in fach crifles as bedid. As when- he
*&. wrote
-I
"ATEEA IDE K the on.
— I_ — — — —_ —
ko
awrotevinesIEr vrelnk! ft BSEvarit of 'Sefpeth thar'f4s Abd "Film his Miter, Feridiig Ati
Rad" cahetuty Th: fr Hit "AAR By "aottidr Plkter the ebontiHeth
$Hid Niebh, SMC Ctr 14” "NHH by' he SOM Phe
Wes Well hk bait rafeh SHMRfiaftY/int x Tempte, e'tolh-
Neck ice Him tit" of Ye ary oy 'ho14"6F "birt if be "Out; Bur
<iherwile 'hot' 46 theldle with: It is and "alf6*'
as, af of. it the BARE when He fel ts Fir th
Judgemthr2H6 Near eefigini! M «$6 $ecufer vrihe $o with his corfiÞtttitie and 4cctifaritn,
he alwai& uſ&dto hy his fant tpn oh of BS exts, £0 Keep 'thar clean From the thktttt of Ac-
uſation, reſeryitig/Ht #o'hekr” the Pithation ahi JuRtificarioh bf "the Peffon 'cordethned.
Bir aft&v4&; 8 nuithber'df #cciifirrivns thar 'Wete brouptit before him, od want)
him; thr! he\#id "Beſfeve teal Kech(itiohs, hy the great Kimber of the trus Ttht fete brought th.
But no itn Wore i r4þt; then ther er60d they bad fpUken iN df Him : nt ,chen
he wi fo Heres; #5 noPU6h World'be FHanted, for thi ht Lovell his HdtidUir mibre then bid King:
doi or 0.06) Then ar 4RW tine He fyent apaihift Pirie, Wind that he'edhit to fight” 484ih ;
but underſtaring thic BHP s bad taken hits, then he Bave the ThHzSs Art 485 Teave th depart
homemnts tir Comtrey; hid gave them two thoufind Tents over ind 4b6\t'their ordinity Pay
Hitec atide} tall then 4 mitellous long, hatd, and painfill Journey in Following bf Daya * fot
in eleven-dirys,; he role thite tAbaſend xd three Oy ings, inforniich 3 the moſt þatt of
his met Were even welry, nid thine for lack'df Water. Tt, charred him ohe day ro meet with cer-
eaiti MAC#S6%x 4N5' that Ghtried ( upon Mules ) Goa Skins fall of Wart , which they
had Rtthed from 4 River: They feeing Alexander im mantier deat for thirft, rm nooh, ta
quickly +6 lik, and- it x Herd-piece brought him! Wartt, Al444dcy 18kell her to whon wy:
ried his Wikee; 'They a#ſweted Him again, thi they carried it th their Children, but yet we wou!
have your Geet live't for theugh we tofe chem, we tity Pet more Chif4ten. Wheti dicy t
ſaid (6.' Ai##d&r took the Helther with Water, arid o# rhir the teh of Attis thit were
about Him; 16A had followed him, did thrift our their HebX$ ts 16ok- updh this Water , he gave
che Wuiltr bick Net Oi dhe at ha ef\"i fiim, ahll "canker! then, "tut- dr4iik nohe of it:
| Af Tri Writ, alf theſe the _ will faitir. Th they (chit the noble" courage
le##4es, ery6d our dhir'hs Thld 164d ther, and diedictdit began os, Tpy
r: thity were! nor Wettry Hot; athifeſt, bt did think theitlUyes mortal ,
0
/ "Every thah wis alike m—— follow Alexar4t7, yet had be by
| Hal with hitn ihc6 the Entries Catti. There, paſſins over much 510
and'Silverg Which was fertered abroad irt thi pa ahd «7 fp by many Chatidts full of Wo-
meti- and Obildren, which they fourtd in rhe Fields, fl op ay at all adventure : they rin up-
on the ſpur-britill they 'hi4 overriken che"foremoſt thir fled , chinking ro have found Darins
amongſt the; Bit xt the length with much ade they fotmd him Iayed along in 4 Coich, ha-
ving italy wounds vp6n' his body , ſome 'of: Darts ahd foltie bf Speats. So he being alniolt ar
the laſt eaſt, tulled for ſons Drink, and drank cbId WAY, | Whith Poly/4z give him.” To
whom whevBs had @tunk he aid : this's my Laft ctiltfap thy Frien that havidg recived this plea-
fore, I eaihottequite rhbt * hywheir Ale+24 dy Will tetotripentt thee, arid the gots Alexander, bor
the liberality ard cottrrefie which he hath ewe tits tiiy Witt ind Children, Whom 1 pray thee
embrace for my fake. '/At thee lift wortls ht rok -Polyfratus by the ind” , thd {6 give U
the ghoſts #lexafder edvic ithittiediarely after, ani plainly Nhewed thar he was forry for his deatt
akd_mifortane: arid undoing his own Cloak; He taff 'it Upon" tte Boy bf Darin. Afrer jhat,
having by good hap gore BYfſas itto his hands, be rote Hit in pieces with refs \raight res
which be Sewed downwards, ahd tie His leg to &th of wie : I6 that were
ef! the Trees
er go; rhey gave 2 ſorld&v Hud jerk up; ind tartied dither Tree a! piece of bis body with is,
Then Mle#aider kiving givert Darins Cor!
rp pres almed hidh, 1 fer
Mother, an& received bi Brother £tatbfe; dhcbk his Friends. Ftom thence he went into the
Country of Ht Kc 4x 14 With all che flower of bis Army, where he ſaw the gulf of the Sea (aſpinm,
which he-thoughr 6f Ao eſs greatneſs, rhen'rhe Sea of PoxnTos, howbeit calmer then che other
Seas be;” He -coold not thin cerrainly find onr what ir was, nor froth whenee it came : but of
tikelii60ds chought it Wis forte breaking ont of the Lake of Marſh of <FIt##%h, Yet ſorhe ancient
fiitueal: Philo fopticrs feartiel £6: Kriow rrify whar it was, For thafly years before Ale*anders Voy-
age wid :Conguert, they wfote; that of the four chiefeſt gulis of the Sea, whit come from the Ocean,
and do ene Wihin mein'Land, that which is more Norrherly, is the Sea {aſpirm, which they call
alſo Hearn. As Ales ary went through the Coutitrey, certain barbarous People ſuddenly er
port thied that led BY? his Horſe, arid robk him': bit with that he was in ſuch a rage, that he
fete # Heeauld ito theit Counties to proclaith' open' Wars upon ther, and. that he would pur
Mani,” W of, and' Child'ts the Sword, if rhity brought him nor his Horſe agdin. Whereupon, when
his Horſe wa#tttarned Home, and that they yielded up their Cities and Forts into His harids, he did uſe
therti all very" eoutrtonlly, and moteover did give rhem' Money for the ranſom! of bis Horſe, whictr
they reſt6ye@ #9 rhetice, he entred ihto che Colncrey of Par THTA., There having lea-
ſare eniotphi, Ae Vegitito-4þpartt hirtſelf afrer the Faſhion of rhe batbdrobs People, becauſe be choughr
thereby: clic Bette? to wii? the” htarrs of the Counitreyinen, famitig bitbſelF ohio their own faſhions:
; Butiaf, 2nd enbalmed bid; 88 ene it unto Ris /
Alexandcy tepr
one ear for the
condemned
perſons.
Alexander
would nor par=-
don ill words
. ſpokenof him.
Alexanders
painfull Joure
ney in follow-
ing of Darius:
The love of
Alexander to
his Souidiers,
and abſtinence;
Alexander re«
garded not the
{poil of Gold
and Silyer, in
reſpe of pur-
ſuing his flying
Enemy.
The death
Darius.
The puniſh-
ment and exc-
curion of Beſ-
uS.
The Sea Hy#-
canium or Caſs
plum.
Alexander go-
eth after the
or elſe to\ try ch&harts of thit Ma'crno6 tans, to (6 how they would like the manner of the manner of the
Pry Fans ( Which: he thiednit'to britig theft uhco ) in! reverenting of him a chey did their King,
by
Perſpant.
"©
in a man of
great Vertue.
Orexartes fl.
; Came 74
”
b
wk
81? to obedi-
Ence.
../Fox this purpoſe theretot
Rar purpoſe e
Alexander
martied Roxa- fancied her, i
ne Perſien. better advice w_
#5
- A
- -_ - -
ww *
Wh; *
s
-*
we
.O A
thai. <il rote
Philotas, the Son of Permenia, a man of great Authority among the Mactnoxiaxs. who
next unto eAlexander was the moſt yaliant man, the patienteſt to abide pain, the liberalleſt, and or
that loved his men and friends ;better then any. Noble-man in the Camp whatſoever. Of him i: «-
reported, that. a friend of his, came to him on.a time to borrow Money - and he commanded ftraiotic
one of his men to let him have gt 3 His Purſe-bearer anſwered him, that he had none. Why ia d
his Maſter, doeft thou tell me {0? Haſt thou not Plate, and Apparel to ſell or gage or hel D him
to ſome ? Howbeit otherwiſe, he had ſuch pride and glory to. thew (his riches, to Apparel him-
ſelf ſo ſumptuouſly, and ro be more fine ang. princked then became a private man, that this made
him to be hated; becauſe he rook upon him-to. be a great man, and to look big on the matter
which became him fo ill favouredly, and therefore every man through his own folly, fell in milliking
with him, Inſomuch. as his. own Father ſaid one.day unto him : Son, 1 pray thee be more humble
and lowly. This Philot as had long before been complained upon unto Alexander becauſe that when
the Carriage of King Darius Army (which was in the City of Damas) was taken after the Bat-
tle of C1L1cia, among many Priſoners that were taken and brought unto eAlexanders Camp,
there was one Antzgona, 4 paſling fair young Curtizan, born in the City of Pxpxa. Philo as
found means to get her, and like a young man that was in love with her, making merry with her at
the Table, fondly let fall brave words and boaſts of a Souldier, ſaying, that what notable things were
done, they weredone by himſelf and his Faiher : and called Alexander a3 every word, young man,
and ſaid, that by their means he held his Name and Kingdom, This Curtizan told one of her
friends what he ſaid, and that friend told another friend, and fo it went from man to man (as common-
ly it doth) till atthe length it came co Crater ears, He rook the Curtizan, and brought her unto
eAlexander; unto whom ſhe told asmuch as ſhe had ſaid before. Alexander bad her ſtill make much
of Philotas, and to tell him every word what he ſaid of him. Phzloras knowing nothing that he was
thus circumvented, did ever frequent her company, and would be bold commonly to ſpeak many
fooliſh and undiſcreet words againſt the King, ſumetime jn anger, and ſometime again in a brave-
Alexander this notwithſtanding, though he had manifeſt proof and cauſe to accuſe Philot as,
et he difſembled ir for that time, and would not be known of it : either for that he knew Per-
»enio loved him, or elſe for thathe was afraid oftheir great Power and Authoriry, About that time
OV —
N DER the Great.
— __—
—— — —— —
there was one Limnus (baleſtrian a Ma CEDO NIAN, that laid great and ſecret wait to kill eAlex- r. immu;
579
\Why Philots
W313 fuſpeted
and envied of
Alexanlcr,
eraites
ander : and being in love with a young man called Nicomachys, imticed him to help him to do this roufly ſeekerh
deed. The young man wiſely denied it, and told the ſame to his Brother called Balinus. He went
unto Philoras, and prayed him to bring them both before Alexander, for they had a matter of great
importance to impart unto him. Philotas would not let him ſpeak with the King (bur why no
man could tell ) telling them, that the King had greater matters in hand, and was not at lealure.
Then they went unto another, and he brought them unto Alexander, unto whom they firſt opened
the Treaſon of Limnus conſpired againſt him; and by the way they told alſo, how they had been twice
before with Philotas, who would not let them come in, nor ſpeak with him. That angred Alexander
greatly, and he was the more offended alſo when Limnus was ſlain by him, whom he ſenc ro appre.
hend him, reſiſting him for that he would not be taken : and thought that by hs death, he had loſt a
great means to come to the light of this Treaſon and conſpiracy. Then A/exander frowning upon
Philot as, brought all his Enemies upon his back, that of Jong time had hated him. For they began
to ſpeak boldly, that it was time for the King to look about him, for it was not to be ſuppoſed that
this Linnus Chaleſtrian of himſelf durſt have entred into that Treaſon, but rather that he was a
Miniſter, and a chief Inſtrument, ſet on by a greater Perſonage then he : and theretore that it ſtood
Alexander upon to' examine them ftraightly which had cauſe to keep this Treaſon ſecrer, Atter
Alexander once gave ear unto ſuch words and vehement preſumptions , there was ſtraight brought
a thouſand Adcularions againſt Philotas. Thereupon he was apprehended, and in the preſence of
divers Lords and Familiars of the King put to the torture , Alexanders ſelf hanging behind,
to hear what he would ſay. It is reported, that when he heard how faintly and pitiully he be-
ſought Hepheſtion to take pity upon him, he ſaid unto himfelt; Alas, poor Philoras , thou that
had ſo faint a heart, how durſt thou take upon thee ſv great matters? In fine Philoras was pur
to death, and immediately after he was executed, Alexander lent allo with ſpeed unto the Realm
of MeD1a to kill Permenio , who was his Lieutenant there, and one that had ferved King
Philip his Father, in his greateſt Affairs ; and he onely of all other the old Servants of his Fa-
ther had procured Alexander to take in hand the conqueſt of As 14 : and who alſo of three Sons
which he brought out with him, had ſeen wo of them before him, and afterwards was ſlain
himſelf with. the thixd. This cruelty of Alexazder made his friends afraid of: him, and ſpecially
Antipater : | who ſecretly ſent Ambaſſadours unto the ATo0L11axs to make League with them,
becauſe they themſelves alſo.ayere affraid of Alexander , for that they had put the Qeniades
to death, Alexander hearing that faid, that he himſelf, and not the Sons of the Geniades,
would be revenged on the &T011ans. Not long alter that, followed the murther of {ltus,
the which to hear it ſimply told, would ſeem much more cruel then the death of Philetas.
But reporting the cauſe and the time together in which it chanced , it will be found thar it
was not of ſer purpoſe , but. by chance and unfortunately , that Alexander being overcome
with Wine, did-unluckily wreak his anger upon Clizs. The manner of his misfortune was this.
There came certain men .of the low Countries from the Sea fide , that brought.
GREECE unto Alexander. Alexander wondering to ſee them ſo green and fair,
Apples of
lent for C litxs to
ſhew
ro kill Alexans
co. :
Philotas and
his Father
Parmento pu:
ro death.
Antipatcy was
at aid of Aicz-
ander.
Why Alexan-
der flew Clit.
Alexanders
Dream of
Clitus.
The malapert-
neſs of Clituy
againſt Alex-
ander,
Alexander flew
Clitus, and
grievoully re.
penred him,
Calliſthenes
and Angxar-
chus docom-
fort Alexander.
ALEXANDER theGreat.
ſhew him them, and to give him ſome of them. Clitxs by chance did Sacrifice at that time unto
the gods, and left his Sacrifice ro go unto Alexander ; howbeit , there were three Weathers that
followed him , on whom the accuſtomed ſprinklings had been done already to have ſacrificed
them, Alexander underſtanding that, told it to his Soothſayers, eAr:ſtander, and Cleomantss L a -
CcONIAN ; both did anſwer him, that it was an ill fign, Alexander thereupon gave order ſtraight,
that they ſhould do ſacrifice for the health of Clexs, and ſpecially for that three days before he
dreamed one night that he ſaw Clitxs in a mourning Gown , fitting amongſt the Sons of Par-
menio, the which were all dead before, This notwithſtanding, Clzr#s did not make an end of
his Sacrifice, but came ſtraight ro Snpper to the King, who had that day ſacrificed unto {ſtor and
Pollux. At this Feaſt there was old drinking, and all the Supper time there were certain Verſes
ſung and made by a Poet, called Pranichus ( or as others ſay , of one Peron ) againſt certain
Captains of the MAcEDONIANS , which had not long before been overcome. by the barbarous
People ; and onely to ſhame them, and to make the company laugh. With theſe Verſes, ancient men
that were at this Feaſt, became much offended , and grew angry with the Poet that made them,
and the Minſtrell that ſung them. Alexander on the other fide, and his familiars, liked them very
well and commanded the Minftrell to ſing fill. (rs therewithall being overtaken with Wine ,
and beſides of a churliſh nature, proud and arrogant, fell into greater choler, and ſaid : that it was
neither well nor honeſtly done in that ſort to ſpeak ill of thoſe poor Ma c£DoN1a n Captains
(and ſpecially amongſt the barbarous People their Enemies ) which were far better men then
they that laughed them ro ſcorn, alchough their fortune were worſe then theirs. Alexander then
replied, and ſaid, that ſaying fo, he pleaded for himſelf, calling cowardlineſs, misfortune. Then
(ltus ſtanding up, ſaid'again : But *1y this my cowardlineſs ſaved thy life, that -calleſt thy ſelf the
Son of the gods, when thou turnedſt thy back from Spirhridates Sword : and the blood which
theſe poor MacEDoN1aNs did ſhed for thee, and the wounds which they received on their bo-
dies fighting for thee, have made thee ſo great, that thou diſdaineſt now to have King Philip for thy
Father , and wilt needs make thy ſelf the Son of Jupirer Hammon. Alexander being moved
with theſe words, ftraight replied : O, Villain, thinkeſt thou to ſcape unpuniſhed for theſe proud
words of thine, which thou uſeſt continually againſt me, making the Maczpox1ans to rebel
againſt me? Clitus anſwered again, Too much are we puniſhed, Alexander, for our pains and
ſervice to receive ſuch reward : nay, moſt happy think we them that long ſince are dead and gone,
not now to ſee the MACED0 NIANS ſcourged with Rods of the MeDts, and compelled to curry fa-
vour with the PExSIANS, to have accels unto their King. Thus Clitus boldly ſpeaking againſt
Alexander, and Alexander again anſwering and reviling him, the graveſt men ſought to Jr this
ſtir and tumult. Alexander then turning himſelfunto Xenodochus CarDin, and eArtemins Co Llo-
PHONIAN: Do you not think (faid he) that the Gxzcrans are amongſt the Mactponi-
ANS, as demy-gods that walk among bruic Beaſts ? (ir for all this would not give over his impu-
dency and malapertneſs, but. cryed our, and bad 4lexander ſpeak openly what he had to ſay, or
elſe not to bid Free-men to come to ſyp with him that were wont to ſpeak franckly : if not, to keep
with the barbarous Slaves that honoured his PExs1AN Girdle, and long white Garment. Then could
Alexander no longer hold his choler, but took an Apple that was upon his Table, and threw it at
Clitxs, and looked for his Sword, the which 4riſtophanes, one of his Guard that waited on him, had
of purpoſe taken from him, And when every man came ſtraight about him to ſtay him, and to pray
him to be contented, he immediately roſe from the Board, and called his Guard unto him in the Ma-
CEDONIAN Tongue (which was a fign of great trouble to follow after it) and commanded a Trum-
peter to ſound the Allarm. But he drawing back, would not ſound : whereupon Alexander ſtrake
him with his fit. Notwithſtanding, the Trumpeter was greatly commended afterwards, for that he
onely kept the Camp that they roſe not. All this could not quiet Clit#s, whereupon his friends with
much a doe thruſt him our of the Hall : but be came in again at another door, and arrogantly and un-
reverently rehearſed this Verſe of the Poet Exripides, out of Andromaches Tragedy :
Alas for ſorrow evil ways
Are into Greece crept now adays.
Then Alexander taking a Partiſan from one of his Guard, as Clirus was coming towards him, and
had lift up the hanging before the door, he ran him through the body, ſo that (7:rus fell ro the
ground, and fetching one groan, died preſently. Alexander: choler had left him ſtraight, and-he
became marvellous ſorrowfull : and when he ſaw his friends round about him ſay nevera word, he
pluck the Partiſan out of his body, and would have thruſt it into his own throat. Howbeit his
Guard abour him caught him by the hands, and carried him perforce into his Chamber : and there be
did nothing all that night but weep bitterly, and the next day following, untill ſuch time as he was
able to cry no more, but lying on the ground, only lay ſighing. His friends hearing his Voice no more,
were afraid, and came into his Chamber by force to comtort him. But Alexander would hear none of
them, ſaving eAriſtander the Soothſayer, who remembred him of his Dream he had of (T5r#s be-
fore, which was a Prognoſtication of that which had happened : whereby it appeared that it was his
deftiny, before he was born. This ſeemed to comfort Alexander : Afterwards they brought in Cal-
liſthenes the Philoſopher, a Kinſman of Ariſtories, and Anaxarchus born in ABDERA. Of theſe
two Calliſthenes ſought by gentle talk, not moving any matter offenſive, to comfort AHlexanders ſor-
row. But Anaxarcha that from the beginning had taken a way by himſelf in the ſtudy of a
ng
. 24.4 ” \ 4 þ. 4
Cx oe ed
4
Wee.”
PR. my E X4 N,D E R the (Great.
581
being accounted a brain-ſick man, and one that deſpiſed his Companions, he coming into Alexanders
Chamber alſo with him, cryecd our at the door as he came in ; See, yonder is eAlexander the Great
whom all the World looks upon,and is atraid of : ſee where he lies, weeping like a Slave on the ground,
that is afraid of the Law, and of the reproach of men : as if he himſelf ſhould not give them Law, and
ſtabliſh the bounds of juſtice or injuſtice, fithence he hath overcome to be Lord and Maſter, and not to
be ſubje& and (lave to a vain opinion, Knoweſt thounot that the Poets ſay, that Zupirer hath Themis,
ro wit, right and juſtice placed on either hand of him? what ſignifieth that, bur all chat the Prince
doth, is holy, right and juſt > Theſe words of Anexarchu did comfort the fotrowfull heart of King
eAle xander at that time, but therewithall, they made eAlexanders manners afterwards more fierce
and d\ſſolure, For, as he thereby did marvellouſly grow in favour with the King, even fo did he make
the company of Calliſthenes (who of himſelf was not very pleaſant, becauſe of his gravity and ſower-
neſs) much more hatefull and miſliked then before. It is written alſo that there was certain talk one
night art King Alexanders Board touching the leaſons of the year, and temperarene's of the Ayr, and
that (allsſthenes was of their opinion which maintained, that the Countrey they were in at that time
was much colder, and the Winter alſo ſharper then in GREE ct. eAnaxarchys held the contrary 0-
pinion, and ſtifly maintained it, inſomuch as Callzſthenes ſaid unto him : And yet mult thou grant, that
it is colder here then there, For there all the Winter time thou couldſt go with a fingle Cloak on thy
back onely, and here thou muſt have three or four Garments upon thee when thou art at thy Eoard,
This galled eAnaxarchu to the quick, and made him more angry then before : and for the 0-
ther Rhetoricians and Flatterers, they did alſo hate him, becauſe they ſaw him followed of young men
for his Eloquence, and beloved alſo of old men for his honeſt life, the which was very grave, modeſt,
and contented with his own, defiring no mans elſe, Whereby men found, that the reafon he alledged
for following of Alexander in his Voyage, was true : for he ſaid, that he came to be an humble ſuiter
to the King to reſtore his baniſhed Citizens into their Countrey again, and to repleniſh their City
with Inhabitants. Now, though his eſtimation made him chiefly to be envied, yet did he himſelf give
his Enemies occaſion to accuſe him. For often times being invited by the King to Supper, either he
would not come, or if he came, he would be mute, and ſay nothing, ſhewing by his gravity and ſi-
lence, that nothing pleaſed him that was either ſaid or done. Whereupon eLlexander ſelf faid on a
time unto him :
1 cannot think, that perſon wiſe,
That in his own cauſe hath no eyes.
It is reported of him alſo, that being at Supper on a time with the King, divers requeſting him to make
an Oration on the ſudden in commendation of the Ma cxzDon1Aans, he made ſuch an Eloqueat Or#-
tion upon that matter, that all they that heard him, roſe from the Board, and clapping their hands for
joy, caſt Noſegayes and Flowers upon him. Bur yet eLlexander at that time ſaid unto him that which
the Poet Euripides laid ;
It ts no maſtery to be Eloquent,
In handling of a plenteous argument.
Nay, but utter then thy Eloquence in reproving of the Ma c :poNn1aNs, that hearing their faults,
they may learn to amend, Then Cal/ithenes changing Copy, ſpake boldly many things againſt the
MAacEDboNIANSs, declaring, tha the diſſention amongſt the Gat c1 A x5 did increaſe King Philips
power, alledging theſe Verſes,
Where diſcord reigns in Realm or T own,
Even wickgd folk, do win renown.
But by this occaſion, he purchaſed himſelf great il] will of the Ma cxDon1ans : infomuch, as
cAlexanders \elf ſaid at that time, that he had not ſo much ſhewed his Eloquence, as the malice he
bare unto the MAcEDONIANS. Hermippm the Hiſtoriographer writeth, that one Srrabus 2
Cleark of Calliſthenes, did afterwards tell it unto eAriſtorle in this ſort : and that Calsfthenes ſee-
ing King elexander offended with him, did recite theſe Verſes of Homer three or four times as he
went ;
Patroclus who far paſſed thee,
Was ſlain, as thou art like to be,
The cauſe why
Calliſthenes
was envied.
And therefore very wiſely ſaid A4ri/totle, that Calliſthenes was Eloquent, but not wiſe. For like a Arjfforle
Philoſopher, he _ ood againſt kneeling to the King,
bleſt and the anciente |
though they did all utterly miſlike ic : whereby he did yet deliver Gxzzcs from a great ſhame, and
Alexander
men among the MacEDoN1aNns durſt but whiſper one in anothers ear, _
wiſe,
and faid that openly, which the No- thoughe Calle
Elo-
bur not
Alexanders
Dream of
Clitus.
The malapert-
neſs of Clitus
againſt Alex-
ander,
Alexander flew
Clitus, and
grievoully re-
penred him,
Calliſthenes
and Angxar-
chus docom-
fort Alexander.
ALEXAND ER theGreat,
ſhew him them, and to give him ſome of them. Clrxs by chance did Sacrifice at that time unto
the gods, and left his Sacrifice ro go unto Alexander : howbeit , there were three Weathers thar
followed him , on whom the accuſtomed ſprinklings had been done already to have ſacrificed
them, Alexander underſtanding that, told it to his Soothſayers, eAriſtander, and Cleomants L a -
CcONIAN ; both did anſwer him, that ir was an ill fign, Alexander thereupon gave order ſtraight,
that they ſhould do ſacrifice for the health of Clitus, and ſpecially for that three days before he
dreamed one night that he ſaw Cliexs in a mourning Gown , fitting amongſt the Sons of Par-
menio, the which were all dead before, This notwithſtanding, Clitas did not make an end of
his Sacrifice, bur came ſtraight ro Snpper to the King, who had that day ſacrificed unto {aftor and
Pollux. At this Feaſt there was old drinking, and all the Supper time there were certain Verſes
ſung and made by a Poer, called Pranichys ( or as others ſay , of one Peron ) againſt certain
Captains of the MacEDONIANS , Which had not long before been overcome. by the barbarous
People; and onely to thame them, and to make the company laugh. With theſe Verſes, ancient men
that were at this Feaſt, became much offended , and grew angry with the Poet that made them,
and the Minſtrell that ſung them. Alexander on the other fide, and his familiars, liked them very
well and commanded the Minſtrel] to ſing ſtill. {eu therewithall being overtaken with Wine,
and beſides of a churliſh nature, proud and arrogant, fell into greater choler, and faid : that it was
neither well nor honeſtly done in that ſort to ſpeak ill of thoſe poor Ma c#ponia n Captains
(and ſpecially amongſt the barbarous People their Enemies ) which were far better men then
they that laughed them to ſcorn, although their fortune were worſe then theirs. Alexander then
replied, and ſaid, that ſaying fo, he pleaded for himſelf, calling cowardlineſs, misfortune. Then
(litus ſtanding up, ſaid'again : But -yet this my cowardlineſs ſaved thy life, that - calleſt thy ſelf the
Son of the gods, when thou turnedſt thy back from Spirbridates Sword : and the blood which
theſe poor MacEDoNI1aNSs did ſhed for thee, and the wounds which they received on their bo-
dies fighting for thee, have made thee-ſo great, that thou diſdaineſt now to have King Philip for thy
Father , and wilt needs make thy ſelf the Son of Jupiter Hammon. Alexander being moved
with theſe words, ſtraight replied : O, Villain, thinkeſt thou to ſcape unpuniſhed for theſe proud
words of thine, which thou uſeſt continually againſt me, making the Mac zpoN1aNns to rebel
againſt me? Clits anſwered again, Too much are we puniſhed, Alexander, for our pains and
ſervice to receive ſuch reward : nay, moſt happy think we them that long ſince are dead and gone,
not now to ſee the MAcEDONIANS ſcourged with Rodsof the MeDts, and compelled to curry fa-
your with the PEKS1ANs, to have acceſs unto their King.- Thus Clitus boldly ſpeaking againſt
Alexander, and Alexander again anſwering and reviling him, the graveſt men ſought to rocike this
ſtir and tumult. Alexander then turning himſelfunto Xenodochus CarDin, and eArrtemins Col0-
PHONIAN: Do you not think (faid he) that the Gxzcrans are amongſt the Mactponi-
ANS, as demy-gods that walk among bruic Beaſts? (ir for all this would not give over his impu-
dency and malapertneſs, but cryed our, and bad Alexander ſpeak openly what he had to ſay, or
elſe not to bid Free-men to come to ſup with him that were wont to ſpeak franckly : if not, to keep
with the barbarous Slaves that honoured his PExs1 AN Girdle, and long white Garment. Then could
Alexander no longer hold his choler, but rook an Apple that was upon his Table, and threw it at
Clitxs, and looked for his Sword, the which 4r:ſtophanes, one of his Guard that waited on him, had
of purpoſe taken from him, And when every man came ſtraight about him to ſtay him, and to pray
him to be contented, he immediately roſe from the Board, and called his Guard unto him in the Ma-
CEDONIAN Tongue (which was a ſign of great trouble to follow after it) and commanded a Trum-
peter to ſound the Allarm, But he drawing back, would not ſound : whereupon Alexander ſtrake
him with his fit. Notwithſtanding, the Trumpeter was greatly commended afterwards, for that he
onely kept the Camp that they roſe not. © All this could nor quiet Clit#s, whereupon his friends with
much a doe thruſt him our of the Hall : but be came in again at another door, and arrogantly and un-
reverently rehearſed this Verſe of the Poet Exripides, out of Andromaches Tragedy :
Alas for ſorrow evil ways
Are into Greece crept now auays.
Then Alexander taking a Partiſan from one of his Guard, as Clirus was coming towards him, and
had lift up the hanging before the door, he ran him through the body, ſo that (7:ras fell ro the
ground, and — one groan, died preſently. Alexander: choler had left him ſtraight, and-he
became marvellous forrowfull : and when he ſaw his friends round about him ſay nevera word, he
pluckt the Partiſan out of his body, and would have thruſt it into his own throat. Howbeit his
Guard about him caught him by the hands, and carried him perforce into his Chamber : and there be
did nothing all that night but weep bitterly, and the next day following, untill ſuch time as he was
able to cry no more, but lying on the ground, only lay ſighing. His friends hearing his Voice no more,
were afraid, and came into his Chamber by force to comfort him. But Alexander would hear none of
them, ſaving eAriſtander the Soothſayer, who remembred him of his- Dream he hadof (Tr»s be-
fore, which was a Prognoſtication of that which had happened : whereby it appeared that it was his
deftiny, before he was born. This ſeemed to comfort Alexander : Afterwards they brought in Cal-
liſthenes the Philoſopher, a Kinſman of Ariftorles, and Anaxarchus born in ABDtErAa. Of theſe
two Callifthenes ſought by gentle talk, not moving any matter offenſive, to comfort Alexanders lor-
row. But Anaxarcha that'from the beginning had taken a way by himſelf in the ſtudy of ny
ng
"774 .
+ A l
DP IF.
FE XANDER the Great.
581
being accounted a brain-fick man, and one that deſpiſed his Companions, he coming into Alexander;
Chamber alſo with him, cryed ourat the door as he came in ; See, yonder is eAlexander the Great
whom all the World looks upon,and is afraid of : ſee where he lies, weeping like a Slave on the ground,
that is afraid of the Law, and of the reproach of men : as if he himſelf ſhould not give them Law, and
ſtabliſh the bounds of juſtice or injuſtice, fithence he hath overcome to be Lord and Maſter, and not to
be ſubjeR and ſlave to a vain opinion, Knoweſt thou not that the Poets ſay, that Zupirer hath Themis,
ro wit, right and juſtice placed on either hand of him? what ſignifieth char, bur all chat the Prince
doth, is holy, right and juſt > Theſe words of Anaxarchu did comfort the fotrowfull heart of King
eAle xander at that time, but therewithall, they made eAlexanders manners afterwards more fierce
and diſſolure, For, as he thereby did marvellouſly grow in favour with the King, even fo did he make
the company of Calliſthenes (who of himſelf was not very pleafant, becauſe of his gravity and ſower-
neſs) much more hatefull and miſliked then before. It is written alſo that there was certain talk one
night at King Alexanders Board touching the ſeaſons of the year, and temperarene's of the Ayr, and
that {all;ſthenes was of their opinion which maintained, that the Countrey they were in at that time
was much colder, and the Winter alſo ſharper then in GRE: cs. eAnaxarchs held the contrary 0-
pinion, and ſtifly maintained it, inſomuch as Callsſthenes ſaid unto hum : And yer muſt thou grant, that
it is colder here then there, For there all the Winter time thou couldſt go with a fingle Cloak on thy
back onely, and here thou muſt have three or four Garments upon thee when thou art at thy Eoard,
This galled eAnaxarchu to the quick, and made him more angry then before : and for the 0-
ther Rhetoricians and Flatterers, they did alſo hate him, becauſe they ſaw him followed of young men
for his Eloquence, and beloved alſo of old men for his honeſt life, the which was very grave, modeſt,
and contented with his own, defiring no mans elſe, Whereby men found, that the reafon he alledged
for following of Alexander in his Voyage, was true : for he ſaid, that he came to be an humble ſuiter
to the King to reſtore his baniſhed Citizens into their Countrey again, and to replenifh their City
with Inhabitants. Now, though his eſtimation made him chiefly to be envied, yet did he himſelf give
his Enemies occaſion to accuſe him, For often times being invited by the King to Supper, either he
would not come, or if he came, he would be mute, and ſay nothing, ſhewing by his gravity and ſi-
lence, that nothing pleaſed him that was either ſaid or done, Whereupon eAlexander ſelf faid on a
time unto him ;
I cannot think, that perſon wiſe,
That in his own cauſe hath no eyes.
It is reported of him alſo, that being at Supper on a time with the King, divers requeſting him to make
an Oration on the ſudden in commendation of the Ma cx:DoN1ANs, he made ſuch an Eloquent Ora-
tion upon that matter, that all they that heard him, roſe from the Board, and clapping their hands for
joy, caſt Nolegayes and Flowersupon him. Burt yet eAlexander at that time ſaid unto him that which
the Poet Emripides (aid ;
It ts no maſtery to be Eloquent,
In handling of a plenteous argument.
Nay, bur utter then thy Eloquence in reproving of the Mac :poN1aNs, that hearing their faults,
they may learn to amend, Then Cal/;/thenes changing Copy, ſpake boldly many things againſt the
MAacEDoNIANS, declaring, that the diſſention amongſt the Gat c1 A Ns did increaſe King Philips
power, alledging theſe Verſes,
Where diſcord reigns in Realm or Town,
Even wicked folk, do win renown,
But by this occaſion, he purchaſed himſelf great il] will of the Ma cxDon1aws : inſomuch, as
cAlexanders (elf ſaid at that time, that he had not ſo much ſhewed his Eloquence, as the malice he
bare unto the MAcEDONIANS., Hermippm the Hiſtoriographer writeth, that one Srtrabus 2
Cleark of Calliſthenes, did afterwards tell it unto eAriſtorle in this ſort : and that Callsfthenes ſee-
ing King eAlexander offended with him, did recite theſe Verſes of Z7omer three or four times as he
went ;
Patroclus who far paſſed thee,
Was ſlain, as thou art like to be,
The cauſe why
Calliſthenes
was envied.
And therefore very wiſely ſaid A4r:/totle, that Calliſthenes was Eloquent, but not wiſe, For like a Ariſtotle
Philoſopher, he _ ood againſt kneeling to the King,
bleſt and the anciente
Alexander
men among the Mac EDoN1aNns durft but whiſper one in anothers ear, _
though they did all utterly miſlike ic ; whereby he did yet deliver GxEezcs from a great ſhame, and \;c""*
and faid that openly, which the No- thought Callif-
Elo-
bur not
—
ih < ——_—_ WR
582 - ALEXANDER the Gre"
TTCOD_ — — - —
Alexander from a greater, bringing him from rhat manner of adoration' of his perſon, This not-
withſtanding , be undid himſelt, becauſe be woyld ſeem rather by preſumption to bring him
co it, then by reaſon to perſwade him. (bares MITYLENIAN hath written , that Alexander
having drunk at a certain Feaft where he hapned to be, reaching his Cup unto one of his Friends,
who after he had taken it of him, roſe up firft on his feet and drank alſo , turning him towards
the gods; and firſt making ſolemn reverence, he went and kifſed Alexander, and then ſate him
down again. All the reſt that were at the Feaſt, did the like one after another, and Call;ſthenes
alſo who took the Cup when it came to his turn (the King not looking on him bur talking
with Hepheſtion) after he had drunk, came unto the King to kiſs him, as others had done. How-
beit, one Demetrixs called Phidon, ſaid unto the King : kiſs him nor, I pray your Grace, for he of
all men hath done you no reverence. Alexander turned his head alide, and would nor kiſs him,
Then cryed Calliſthenes outaloud : Well, quoth he, then I will go my way, with leſs then others,
by a kiſs, And thus began Alexander: grudge firſt againſt Cal:fbenes, by means whereof He-
pheſtion was credited the better ,' when he ſaid that Call:fthenes had promiſed him to reverence
Alexander, although that he had broken promiſe. After him alſo Dyſimachus, eAgnon, and di-
vers others began to play their parts againſt him, ſaying, that this Sophiſter went bragging up and
down, as if he had deſtroyed a whole Tyranny , and that all the young mien followed bim to ho-
nour him, as if among ſo many thouſand Souldiers, never a man of them had ſo noble a heart as
he. And therefore, when the Treaſon of Hermolaus againſt Alexanders perſon was diſcovered,
they found the accuſation probable, the which ſome falſe detraRtors had- informed againſt Cal-
Callifthenes 1; /thenes : who had anſwered Hermolaus that asked him, how he could come to be ſo famous a-
qt bove all men , thus : In killing the famouſeſt perſon, And to animate him to go forward with
Alexander, this Treaſon, he had told him further, that he ſhould not be afraid of a Golden Bed; but remem-
| ber he had to do with a man, which was ſometimes fick and hurt as other men were. This not-
withſtanding, there was never a one of Hermolaus Confederates, that would once name Calli/the-
nes, what torments ſoever they abide, to bewray who were their Companions, . And Alexarn-
der ſelf alſo writing of this Treaſon immediately after, unto Craterus, Artalus, and Alcetas, ſaid,
that their Servants which had been racked and putto the torture, did conſtantly affirm, that they
onely had conſpired his death, and no man elſe was privy unto it. But afterwards, he ſent an-
other Letter unto Antipater, wherein he directly accuſed- Call;ſthenes, and ſaid, that his Servants
had already been toned to death by the MactpoNniaNns : howbeit that he himſelf would
afterwards alſo puniſh the maſter, and thoſe that had ſent unto him , and that had received the
Alexander os murtherers into their Cities , who came of purpoſe to kill him, And therein he plainly ſhewed
-—— the ill will he bare unto Ariftorle, for that Call;ftheves had been brought up with him, being his
The dear of Kinſman, and the Son of Hero, Ariſtotles Neece, Some ſay that Alexander truſſed (alliſthenes
Calliſthenes rhe up. Others again report, that he died of ſickneſs in priſon, Nevertheleſs Chares writeth , that
| Rhetorician. Callsſthenes was kept Priſoner ſeven Moneths together, becauſe he ſhould have had his judgement
in open Council even in the preſence of Ariftorle himſelf :; howbeit , being very fat , he was
eaten in the end by Lice, and ſo died, about the time that Alexander was hurt, fighting againſt
the MALLIANS OXYDRACIANS, in the Conqueſt of Ixp1 a ; but theſe things chanced a good
while after. Demaratus CORINTHIAN being very old, had a great deſire to ſee A4lexander : and
* > mms ye when he had ſeen him, he ſaid, that the Gxtcrans which were dead long before, were deprived
rinthian unto Of that bliſs and happineſs, that they could not ſee Alexander fit in the Royal Seat of King Da-
Alexander, and ri#us, Howbeit, he did not long enjoy the Kings good will unto him, for he died of a fickneſs
his death. ſoon after he came unto his Camp, and Alexander did honour his Funerals : for all the Army
in thefr Armour did caft up a Mount of Earth faſhioned like a Tomb, which was a great compals
about, and fourſcore Cubits high. His aſhes afterwards were brought with honourable convoy,
Alexenders Wnto the Sea fide, in a Chariot with four Horſes richly ſet out. Alexander being ready to take
journey into his Journey to go conquer INDIA, perceiving that his Army was very heavy and unweildſome to
India. - remove, for the wonderfull Carriage and .Spoils they had with them : the Carts one morning being
} "OR. loaden, he firſt burnt his own Carriage and next his friends, and then commanded that they ſhould
burnt his Car. 310 ſet the Carriage of the MactpoNnians on fire; which counſel] ſeemed more dangerous to
riages, be reſolved of, then the proof of the execution fell out difficult, For there were very few of them
that were angry therewith, and the moſt part of them (as if they had been ſecretly moved by ſome
god) with loud cries of joy, one of them gave unto another ſuch necefſary things as they had
need of, and afterwards of themſelves did burn and ſpoil all thereſt. This made Alexander much
more rigorous then he was before, who beſides that he was already become cruel enough, and with-
out mercy or pardon, did ſharply puniſh every man that offended. For having commanded .He-
nander one of his friends, to keep him a ſtrong hold, he put him to death becauſe he would nor
The cruelty of remain there. Furthermore, he himſelf flew Orſodates (a Captain of the barbarous People) with
Alexander to= a Dart, for that he rebelled againſt him. Abour that time, there was an Ewe that had eaned a Lamb
meer rm which had upon her head, the form and Purple colour of the Kings Hat, after the Ps k $51 an manner
Lamb appear- Called Tiara, having two ſtones hanging on each fide of it. Alexander abhorred this monſtrous
ed unto Alex- ſign, inſomuch as he purged himſelf by certain BasyLoNn1AaN Prieſts, which he alwaies carried
der, about with him for that purpoſe, and ſaid unto his Friends : that this Monſter did not fo much
move him for reſpect of himſelf, as it did for them, fearing that the gods after his death __ =
eſtine
The journey of
AS ;: 7 2.5 as a. hd ele Cn be
| This noewithitaiid
PXANDER the Great. 583
'and"powver of his Kingdotn to fall into the hands of ſome baſe cowardly perſon.
ing, another fign'and token which chanced in the neck of that, did rake away his
fear and diſcouragement he had. "Fora Mactbox1an called Proxenue, that had charge vf the
Kings carriage, as hedigged ina cettam place by the River of Ox, to ſer up the Kings Tent and
his lodging, he- found a certain far'and oiley vein, which after they had drawn our the firſt, there A ſpring of
came out alſo another clearer, which differed nothing, neither in ſmell, taſt, nor ſavour from na- ®! found by
tursl oil, having the gloſs and fatneſsſo like, as there could be diſcerned no difference between them ; Sn "
the which was ſo much more to, be wondred art,” becauſe hat in all that Countrey there was n ts
Olives, They ſay alſo, That the water of the River ſelf of @xus is very ſoft and maketh their
skins far, which waſh or bath chemſelves therein, And yet it appeareth by that which Alexander ſel:
wrote unto eAntipater, that he was very glad of it, putting that amongft the greateſt ſigns which the
gods had- ſent unto him. The Soothſayers did interpret this wonder, rhat it was 3 ſign, bat he ſhould
have a noble, but yer a painfull voyage : for the gods, ſaid they, have given oil unto men to refreſh Oil refreſherh
their wearineſs, And truly ſo did he ſuſtain many dangers in thoſe Wars, and was oftentirzes vearineſs.
hurt in fight, Bur the greateſt loſs he had of his men, was tor lack of vicuals, and by the infecti-
on of the air. For he ſtriving to overcome fortune by valiantneſs, and her force by vertue, thought
nothing impoſſible for a valiant man, neither any thing able to withſtand a noble heart. It is report-
ed, that when he-went to beltege a ſtrong hold which $:ſimerhres kept, being thoughr unaſſaultable, and
that his ſouldiers were in deſpair of it, he asked one ©-xyarhres, what heart Siſimerhres had. Oxy-
athres anſwered him, that he was the verieſt coward in the world. O, that is well quoth Alexander :
then it is to be won, if that be true thou ſayeſt, ſirhence rhe Captain of the piece is but a coward.
So he rook it on a ſudden, by putting Siſimetkres in a great fear, After that alſo he did befiege ano-
ther piece of as great ſtrength and difficulry to afſaulr as the other, and making the young ſouldiers of
the MAcEDoONIANS t0g0 to the affaulr, he called one of chem unto him, whoſe name alſo was
Ale xander, unto whom he faid thus : Alexander, this day thou muſt fight like a man,and it be bur for
thy names ſake. The young man did not forget his words, for he fought valiantly, that he was ſlain,
for whom Alexander was very ſorry. Another time when his men were afraid, and durft not come
near unto the City N1 $4 to affaulr it, becauſe there ran a very deep River hard by the Walls, he The Cicy of
came to the Riversſide, and ſaid : O what a coward am 1, that never learned to ſwim? and-ſo prepared Ni/*.
himſelf ro (wim over upon his ſhield, After he bad cauſed them to retire from the affault, there came
Ambaſſadors unto him, from the Ciries'befieged, ro crave pardon of him, They wondredar hint at the
firſt, when they ſaw him armed without any Pomp or other Ceremony abour him : bur much more
when a Chair was brought him to fit down on, that he- commanded the oldeſt man amongft them
called Acuphis, to take ic to him, and firdown. Acaxphzs marvelling at Ale xanders great courtefie,
asked him what they ſhould do for him, thenceforth to be his good friends. 1 will, faid Alexander,
that they from whom thou comeſt as Ambaſſador unto us, do make thee their King - and withall,
thar they do ſend mea hundred of their beſt men tor Hoſtages. Acuphis ſmiling aniwered him again: ,,.
bur I will rule them berter, O King, if I ſend yourhe worſt and not the beſt, There was a King called {ng,\.-uno
Taxiles avery wiſe man, who had a great Countrey in InD14, no lefs in bignels and circuit, than Alexander.
all £6 y er, andas full of good paſture and fruits as any Countrey in the world could be : who came
on a time to ſalute Alexander, and faid unto him : What ſhould we need, Alexander, to fight, and King Taxilcs
make Wars one with another, if thou comeſt not to take away our water, and our necefſary commo- *21k with Alex-
diries to live by :- for which things, men of judgement muſt needs fight ? As for our goods, if I be ©":
richer then thou, I am readier to give thee of mine ; and if I have leſs, I will not think ſcorn to
thank thee, if thou wilt give me ſome of thine. Alexander being pleaſed ro hear him ſpeak thus Alexanders
wv i
' wiſely, imbraced him, and ſaid unto him : Thinkeſt thou this meeting of ours can be without fight, for anſwertoTaxi-
all cheſe goodly-fair words ? No, no, thou haft won nothing by that : for I will fight and contend **:
with thee-in honeſty and courteſie,becauſe thou ſhalt not exceed me in bounty and liberalicy. So Alex-
ander taking divers gifts of him, but giving more unto T«xiles, he drank to him one night at ſupper,
and (aid : Idrinkto thee a thouſand talents in gold. This gitt milliked Alexanders friends : bur in re-
compence thereof, he wan the hearts of many of theſe barbarous Lords and Princes of that Coun-
trey. There was a certain number of ſouldiers of the IND1awns, the warlikeft men of all that
Countrey, who being mercenary fouldiers, were ever entertained in ſervice of the great free Cities,
which they valiantly defended, and did great hurt unto eAlexander in divers places. Alexander ha- Alexander df-
ving made peace with them in a Ciry where they were kept in, when they came abroad upon ſurety honourably
of this peace which they had made, he mer with chem as they went their way, and pur them all to the —_—_
ſword. There was but this onely fault, to blemiſh the Honour of his Nobledeeds in all his Wars: -* :
for in all things elſe he ſhewed mercy and equity. Furthermore the grave Philoſophers and wiſe
men of InD1a did greatly trouble him alſo. For they reproved the Kings and Princes of the In-
DIANS, for that they yielded unto Alexander, and procured the free Cities to take Arms againſt
him. But by their occaſion, he took divers of their Cities. For King Porxs, Alexanders felt 1jexanicreits
writeth in his Epiſtles, all his As ar large which he did againſt him. For he faith, char both cheir againſt King
Camps lying on either fide of the River Hydaſpes, King Porws fer his Elephants upon the bauk of Porus.
the River with their heads rowards their enemies, to keep him from paſſing over : and that he Hydaſper bt.
himſelf did continually make a- noiſe and tumult in his Camp to acquaint his men not to be afraid
of the barbarous people. Furthermore ,* that in a dark night when there was no Moon light,
he: rook part of his foormen , and the choice of his borſemen , and went far from his enemies
Y Dbdd | to
S—
ee et
= ALEXAND
ro get over into a little Iſland, When he was come into the Iſland, there fell a wonderfull :
rain, great winds, lightnings and thunders upon his Camp, inſomuch as he ſaw many of his men
burnt by lghning in this little Iſland. This notwithſtanding, he did not leave to get over tothe other
fide of the River. The River being ſwollen with the great flood of rain that fell the night before, 0-
verflowing the banks, it did car into the ground where the water ran : ſo that e4lexander when he
had paſſed over the river, and was come to the other ſide, found himſelf in very ill caſe, for that he
could hardly keep his feet, becauſe the earth was ſlippery under him, and the rage of the water
had eaten into it, and broke it down on every fide. Ir is written of him, that then he ſaid unto the -
ATHENtANS : O ATHENIANS, could you think that I could take ſuch pains, and put my ſelf
into ſo many dangers, onely to be praiſed of you? Thus Oneſicritus reporteth it. But Alexander
ſelf writeth, that they left their Rafters or great pieces of timber pinned rogether, whereupon they
had paſſed over the ftream of the main River : and that they waded through the other Arm or
Gut of the water which had broken the earth, up totheir breaſts, with their harneſs on their backs.
Furthermore when he had paſſed over both waters, he rode with his horſemen twenty furlongs be-
fore the battle of his footmen, thinking that if his enemies came to give him charge with their men ar
Arms, that he was the ftronger : and if they would alſo advance their tootmen forward, that his
footmen alſo ſhould come time enough. One of theſe twain fell out as he had gueſſed : for a thou-
ſand horſemen and threeſcore Chariots armed with his enemies, gave him charge before their great
company ; whom he overthrew, and took all their Chariots, and ſlew four hundred of the men
at Arms in the field. King Poras then knowing by thoſe ſignes that Alexander was there in per-
ſon, and had paſſed over the River, he marched toward him with all his Army in battle ray, ſaving
2 few which he left behind to reſiſt the Ma cxpox1ans, if they ſhould force to ral over the
River. eAlexander being afraid of the great multitude of his enemies, and of the terror of the Ele-
phants, did not give charge upon the middeſt of the battle, but being himſelf in the left Wing, gave
oharge upon the corner of the enemies left Wing, and alſo commanding them that were in the right
Wing to do the like. So both the ends of the enemies Army were broken and put to flight : and they
that fled, ran unto the Elephants, and gathered themſelyes together about them, Thus the bat-
tle- being begun, the conflit continued long, inſomuch as the enemies were ſcantly all overthrown
The ſtature of by three of the clock in the afternoon, Moſt writers agree, that Poxzs was four cubits and a ſhaft-
King Porrus. length high, and that being upon an Elephants back, he wanted nothing in height and bigneſs
_ age; to be proportionable for his mounture, albeit it were a very great Elephant , and beſides, that
1 wot © the Elephant did ſhew great wit and care to ſave the King his maſter. For whilſt he perceived his
fave the King maſter was ſtrong enough, he luſtily repulſed thoſe which came to affail him : but when he found
his maſter. that he began to faint, having many wounds upon his body, and Arrows ſticking in it, then being a-
fraid leſt his maſter ſhould fall down from his back, he ſoftly fell on his knees, and gently taking his
Darts and Arrows with his Trunk, which he had in his body, he pluckt them all from him one after a-
nother. Por being taken, Alexander asked him, how he ſhould handle him, Princely, anſwered
Porus. Alexander asked him again, if he would ſay any thing elſe, I comprehend all, ſaid he, in
this word Princely. Thereupon Alexander did not onely leave him his Provinces and Realms, where-
of before he was King, by the name of his Lieutenant , but gave him many other Countries alſs,
Alexzanders When he had ſubdued all the free people, of the which there were fifteen ſeveral Nations, five thou-
conquels in fand of no ſmall Cities, beſides an infinite number of villages and thrice as _ other Countries, he
the Indies. made Philip one of his friends, his Lieutenant of all thoſe Countries. His horſe Bucephal died at this
_ = - battle, not in the field but afterwards whileſt he was in cure for the wounds he had on his body : bur
ous 519 Rr as Oneſicritus ſaith, he died even worn for very age. Alexander was as ſorry for his death, as if he had
Buceph a great loſt any of his familiar friends : and for proof thereof, he built a great City in the place where his
Ciry buileby horſe was buried, upon the River Hydaſpes, the which he called after his name, Buczemariia,
_ Alexander up- 7 j; reported alſo, that having loſt a Dog of his called Peritas, which he had brought up of a whelp,
onal and loved very dearly, he built alſo a City, and called it after his name, Sorion writeth, that he
why ſo named. heard it reported thus of Poramon LESBIAN. This laſt battle againſt King Porxs, killed the Ma c z-
Peritas, Alex- DONIANS hearts; and made them that they had no defire to go any further ro conquer InD1 A,
anders dog. For finding that they had ſuch ado to overcome them, though they were but twenty thouſand foot-
Ganges ft. men, and two thouſand harſe, they ſpake ill of Alexander when he went about co compell them to
batry e7Y paſs over the River of Ganges, underſtanding by the Countrymen that it was two and thirty fur-
people of In- _ over, and a hundred fadom deep : and how that the bank of the River was full of ſouldiers,
dia. horſemen and Elephants, For ir was reported that the Kings of the GanGarrDpes, and the
PRA&ASIANS Were on the other fide with fourſcore thouſand horſemen, two hundred thouſand foot-
men, eight thouſand Charrets or .Carts of War well armed, and fix thouſand Elephants of War.
This was no fable nor frivolous tale : for a King called Androcottus (who reigned not long after)
gave unto Selexcus, five hundred Elephants at one time, and conquered all InD1a with ſix hundred
chouſand fighting men. Alexander then offended with his mens reiuſal, kept cloſe in his Tent for
certain days, and lay upon the ground, ſaying, that he did not thank them for all that they had
done thitherto , unleſs thev paſs over the River of Gernges alſo , and that to return, back a-
gain, ig. was as much as to confeſs, that he had been overcome. At the length, when he ſaw and
- * that there . was great reaſon in his friends perſwaſions which laboured to comfort
him, and that his ſouldiers came to the door of his Tent, crying and lementing, humbly beſce-
ching him to lead them back again , in the end he cook pitry of them, and was contented to
return,
U
*: :
, "
— —
— —
TRIBE XANDER the (Great.
Es = — I. | 25g... JOE NE EI:
rerien. This notwithſtanding, before he departed from thoſe parts, he put forth many vain and
falſe devices to make his name immortal among that people. He made Armours of greater proportion 4'*x{crr re-
then his own, and mangers for horſes, higher then the common ſort : moreover he made bits alſo ® t-
far heavier then the common ſort, and made them to be thrown and ſcattered abroad in every yo dans
place. He built. great altars alſo in honour of the gods, the which the Kings of the PR451ams vain devices to
have in great veneration at this day, and palling over 'the River, do make facrifice there, after the make himſelf
manner of the Gx Ec1aNs. Androcortus at that time was a very young man, and ſaw that 4lex. 9m omal.
ander himſelf, and ſaid afterwards, that Alexander had well-near raken and won all the Countrey,
the King which then reigned, was ſo hated of all his ſubjects for his wicked life, and baſe parentage
he came of, Departing thence, he went to ſee the great ſea Oceanum, and made divers boats with
Oars, in the which he eaſily went down the Rivers at his pleaſure, Howbeir, this his pleaſure £0-
ing by water, was.not without War ; for he would land oftentimes, and did affail Cities, and con-
quered all as he went. Yet in aflailing the City of the MaLL1ans (which they ſay are the warlikeſt Alexnder in
men of allthe INDia ns) he was almoſt ſlain there. For having with Darts repulſed the enemies ©298*7 #t the
from the wall, he himſelf was the firſt man that ſer foot on a ladder to get up, the which brake aſſoon peu Sina
as ever he was gotten upon the Rampier. Then the barbarous people coming together againſt the wall, ,,
did throw at him from beneath, and many times lighted upon him. Alexander having few of his men a-
bout him, made no more ado, but leaped down trom the Wall in the middeſt of his enemies, and by
good hap lighted on his feet. His Harneſs making a great noiſe with the fall, the barbarous
people were afraid, thinking they had ſeen [ome l:ghr or ſpirit go before them : fo that at the firſt
they all betook them to their legs, and ran ſcattering here and there. Bur after that, when
they came again to themſelves, aud ſaw that he had but two Gentlemen onely about him, they came
and ſet upon him of all hands, and fought with him at the {word or puſh of the Pike, and fo hurt
him very ſore through his Armour : bur one amongſt the reſt, being ſomewhat farther off, gave him
ſuch a terrible blow with an Arrow, that he ſtruck him through his Curaces, and ſhot him in at the
fide under his breaſt. The blow entred ſo into his body, that he fell down on one of his knees.
Whereupon, he that had ſtricken him with his*Arrow, ran ſuddenly to him with a Cimiter drawn
in his hand : howbeit as Pexceſtas and Limneus ſtepped before him, and were both hurt, Limneus
was lain preſently, and Pexceſtas fought it out, till at the length Alexander bis ſelf ſlew the barbarous
man with his own hand, after he had many grievous wounds upon his body. At the length he had a
blow with a Dart on his neck, that ſo afſtonied him, that he leaned againſt the Wall looking upon his
enemies, In the mean time the MactDoN1aNns compaſling him round about , took him , and
carried him into his tent half in a ſwound, and was paſt knowledge : wh&eupon there ran a ru-
mour ſtraight inthe Camp, that Alexander was dead. They had much ado tocut the Arrow aſun-
der that was of wood : ſo his Curaces being plucked off with great pain, yet were they to pluck
the Arrow head out of his body, which fuck in one of his bones : the which (as it is reported) was
four fingers long, and three fingers broad. So that when they: plucked it our, he {wounded fo off,
that he was almoſt dead. This notwithſtanding, he overcame the danger, and eſcaped. Being very
weak, he kept diet a long time to recover himſelf, and never came our of his Tent : untill he heard
the MAcEDONIANS cry, and make great noiſe about his Tent, deſirous ro ſee him, Then he
put on a night-gown, and came out amongſt them all : and after he had done facrifice unto the
gods for recovery of his health, he went on his journey again, and in the ſame did conquer many
great Countries, and took divers goodly Cities. He did alfo take ten of the wiſe men of the Countrey, The wiſe men
which men do all go naked, and therefore are called 'Gr No $sPHIST- (to wit , Philoſophers of of Indiz.
InD14) who had procured Sabbas to rebell againft him, and had done great hurt unto the Mact-
DONIANS. And becauſe they were taken to be.the ſharpeſt and readieſt of anſwer, he did put them
(as he thought) many hard queſtions, and told them-he would put the firſt man to death, that anſwer-
ed worſt, and ſo the reſt in order : and madethe eldeſt among them Judge oftheir anſwers. The que- Atexenders
ſtion he asked the firſt man, was this : | queſtions pro-
— — — ——— ——
595
OO > ——— — —_ — -
COTS,
1. Whether the dead or the living were the greater number ? He anſwered, The living : for the P9#9ded to the
ten Philoto-
phers of Inliz.
dead ſaid he, are nomore men,
2. The ſecond man he asked : Whether the earth or the ſea brought forth moſt creatures ? He anſ-
wered, The earth. For the ſea, ſaid he, is but a part of the earth.
3. To the third man : Which of all beaſts was the ſubtileft 2 That (ſaid he) which man hitherto ne-
ver knew, '
6 T2 fourth : Why he did make Sabbas rebell ? Becauſe, aid he, he ſhould live honourably,
or die vilely,
5. To the fifth, Which he thought was firſt, the day or the night? He znſwered, the day, by a day,
The King finding his anſwer ſtrange, added to this ſpeech : Strange queſtions muſt needs have ſtrange
anſwers. .
6. Coming to the fixth man, he asked him : How a man ſhould come to be beloved ? Tfhe be a good
man, ſaid he, not terrible.
7. To the ſeventh; How a man ſhould be a god ? In doing a thing, faid he, impoſſible for a man.
8. To theeighth; Which was the ſtronger, life, or death? Life, ſaid he, thar ſuffereth fo many
troubles, *
9. And unto theninth and laſt man : How long a man ſhould live? Until, faid he, he think it berter
to die then to live.
Ddd 2 When
386
ALEXA DE R th
* ns SD, 4 + "za
. : E: IE.
—_
—
Alexander re-
wardedthe ten
wiſe men, and
did ler them
Lo.
Oneficritus 2
Philoſopher.
Calanus, awile
man of India.
The fimilitude
of a Kingdom
ſhewed by a
Picce of Jeather
Phitulcis an
Iftand.
Alexanders na-
vy in the ſea
Ocecanum.
Alexanders
Army going
into India.
Sheep fed with
fiſh.
The Countrey
of Gedroſua.
The Countrey
of Carmania.
The riot of
Alexanders
ſouldiers.
The City of
Thapſacus.
When Alexander had heard theſe anſwers, he turned unto the Judge, and bad him give his judg
ment upon them, The Judge ſaid, they had all anſwered one worſe then another, Then ſhalt thon dif
firſt, ſaid Alexander, becauſe thou haft given ſuch ſentence : Not fo O King, _ be, if thou wilt
not be a lyer : becauſe thou ſaidf, that thou wouldeft kill him firſt, that had anſwered worft, In fine,
Alexander did let them go with rewards. He ſent Oneſicritus alſo unto the other wiſe men of the I n-
DIANS, which were ot greateſt fame among them, and that led a —_ and quiet life, to pray
them to come unto him. This Oneſicritus the Philoſopher, was Dzogenes the Cynicks ſcholar, It is
reported, that Calan one of thele wiſe men, very tharply and proudly bade bim put off his clothes
to hear his words naked : or otherwiſe that he would not ſpeak to him, though he came from Fupirer
himſelf. Yet Dandamy anſwered him more gently: For he having learned what manner of men
Socrates, Pythagoras, and Diogenes were, laid : that they ſeemed to have been wiſe men, and well
born, notwithſtanding that they had reverenced the law too much in their life time. Others write not-
withſtanding, that Dandamis ſaid nothing, but asked why Alexander had taken fo painfull a journey
int hand, as to come into INDIA, For Calan (whoſe right name otherwiſe was Sphines ) King
Taxiles perſwaded him to go unto Alexander : who becaule he ſaluted thoſe he met in the InD1a n
tongue, ſaying, (ale, as much as to ſay, God ſave ye, the GREcia ns named bim Calanys. It
is reported, that this Calanus did ſhew Alexander a figure and fimilitude of his Kingdom, which
was this, He threw down before him a dry fear piece of leather, and then put his foot upon one of
the ends of it. The leather being troden down on that fide, roſe up in all parts elſe, and ing up
and down withall, till treading upon the fides of the leather, he made Alexander ſee, that | leather
being troden down, on the one ſide did riſe up of all ſides elſe, untill ſuch ime as he put his foot in
the midſt of theleather, and then all the whole leather was plain alike, his meaning thereby, was
to let Alexander underſtand, that the moſt part of his time he ſhould keep in the middeft of his
Countrey, and not to go far from it. eAlexander continued feven moneths travelling upon the
Rivers, to £0 ſee the great ſea Oceanum. Then he took ſhipand ſailed into a litle Iſland called Scr r.-
LUST1S, howbeit others call it Ps1TuLcIs, There he landed, made facrifices unto the gods, and
viewed the greatneſs and nature of the Oceanum, and all the ſituation of the coafts upon that ſea, as
far as he could go. Then he made his prayers unto the gods, that noconqueror living after him (ſhould
0 beyond the bounds of his journey and conqueſt, and ſo returned homeward. He commanded his
ips ſhould fetch a compaſs about, and leave INDIA on the right hand : and made A earch Ad-
miral of all his Fleet, and Oneſecritxs chief Pilot, He himſelf in the mean cime went by land through
the Countrey of the Ox1TEs, and there he found great ſcarcity 'of victuals, and loft many of his
men : ſo that he carrieFnot out of IND1a the fourth part of his men of war which be brought
thither, which were in all fix ſcore thouſand footmen , and fifteen thouſand horſemen. Some of
them died of grievous diſeaſes : others by ill diet : others by extream heat and drought, and the
moſt part of them by er, travelling through this barren Countrey, where the poor men lived
hardly, and had onely a few ſheep which they ted with ſea fiſh, that made their fleſh ſavour ill favour-
edly. Ar thelength, when in threeſcore days jdurney he had painfully travelled through his Conn-
trey, he then entred into the Countrey called GzDK 051A, where he found great plenty of all kind
of victuals, which the Governors, Kings and Princes, ncighbours unto the ſame, did ſend unto him.
After that he had refreſhed his Army there a little, /he went through the Countrey of Carmania,
where he continued ſeven days together banquenting, going ſtillchrough the Country, For night and
day he was feafting continually with his friendsupena ſcaffold, longer then broad, riſing up of height
and drawn with eight goodly horſes. After thatiſ{caffold followed divers other Charets covered 0-
ver with ſome goodly rich Arras, and purple filk-; others with trim freſh boughs; which they re-
newed at every fields end : and in thoſe were 4/exanders other friends and Captains with Garlands
of flowers upon their heads, which drank and made merry together. In all his Army, there was nei-
ther Helmet, Pike, Dart, nor Target ſeen : but gold-and ſilver bowls, cups, and flagons in the ſouldi-
ers hands, all the way as they went, drawing Wine out of great pipes and veſſels, which they carried
with them, one drinking to another, ſome marching in che fieldsgoing forward, and others alſo ſet at
the table. About them were the minſtrels playing and piping on their Hutes and Shalms, and wo-
men ſinging once, and fooling by the way asthey went. Inall this diffolute marching through
the Countrey, and in the midft of their drunkenneſs, they mingled with it ſport, thar every naots
ſtrive to counterfeit all the inſolencies of Bacchus 2s if god Bacchas himſelf had-been there in perſon,
and had led the mummery, When he came unto the Kings Caftle of Gzpr o 514, he ftaid there alſo
certain days to refreſh his Army with feafting and banquenting. Tris ſaid, that one day when he drank
hard, he went to ſee the games for dancing, and amongft them, the. games which a young man called
Bagoas had ſet forth (with whom Alexander fell in liking) and-bare the bell. This Bagoas being in
his dancing garments, came through the Theatre, and fare him down by Alexander. The Mact-
DONIANS were ſo glad of it, that they ſhouted and clapped their hands for joy, crying out aloud
to kiſs him : ſothat in fine he took him in his arms and kiſſed him before them all. 'Thither came
Nearchu his Admiral unto him, who made report what be had ſeen and done in hisnavigation. 4lex-
ander was ſo glad of that, as he was deſirous to! fail by ſea himſelf : and {fo entring into the Ocea-
num by the mouth of Exphrares, with a great Fleet of ſ[ups, to 'compaſs.in all the coafts of Aras1a
and AFR1Cx, and thence into Mare Mediterraneum, by the ſtraights of the pillars of Hercules. To
this intent he built a = number of ſhips in the os of Tra PSAcus, /and ſent for Mariners, ſhip-
maſters and Pilots of all parts. But now the difficulty of the journey which he took-upon him forthe
conqueſt
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587
conqueſt of IND1a, the danger he was in when he fought with the Martians a OA ;
his men which he loſt beſides, which was mae. all theſe things 1s > nb pbk ys -
men believe that he ſhould never return with ſafety, they made all the- people (which he had =
quered)' bold to riſe againſt him, and gave lis Governours and Licutenants of Provinces denn og
commit great inſolencies, robberies an exaCtionsof people, To be ſhorr, it pur all his Kin roo ©0 The Provinces
broil and (edition. Inſomuch as Olympias and Cleopatra rifing 'againſt Antipater, they Cvided by — ”
Government between them': Olymp:as chuſing for her the Kingdom of Ev1xus : and Cleopatr he belied againlt-
Kingdom of Mac tpon, Whuch when Alexander had heard, he ſaid, his mother was the wiſeſt: e dim.
the Realm of Mactpon would .never have ſuffered a woman to reign over them. Thereupon he
ſent Nearchus back again to the ſea, determining to fill all che ſea coaſts with War. As he = I! 1
through the Countries tar from the ſea, he put his Captains and Governours to death which had !
volted againſt him : and of thoſe hs flew O:x:arhres, one of Abulites ſons, by his own hand runnin bi w
through with a Pike. And when Abulztes (elf alſo had brought Alexander three thouſand bilates andy,
without any other proviſion made tor victuals for his Army, he made him put the money betore his
horſe, which would not once touch it, Then ſaid he unto him, I pray thee to what no lad this
proviſion? and therewithal] immediately committed him to prilon. As he came through the Oniin-
rey of PeRS1A4, he firſt renewed the old cuſtomerhere, which was : thar as oftentimes as the Ki -
did return home from any far journey, they gave unto every womana crown a piece, It is faid low
fore that for this cauſe, ſome of their natural Kings many times did not return again into their Coun-
i : and that Ochxs amongſt others did not ſo much as once return back again, willing| daniſſiing
himſelf our of his Countrey,of niggardline(s, becauſe he would not be at this charge, Afecr the C .
romb (King of PERS14) being found and broken up, he pur him to death thar did it, although he
werea MACEDONIAN of the City of PELLA (and none of the meaneſt) called Polymachus. When he The dearh of
read the inſcription written upon it inthe PzRs 1 a N tongue, he would needs have it written in the ©9914c0us
Greek tongue : and this it was : O man what ſo thou art,and whence ſoever thou comeſt, for I know tho Pellzian.
ſhalt come : I am Cyrus that conquered the Empire of Perſia : 1 pray thee envy me not for this lirtl Cyrus Epitaph
earth that covereth my body. Theſe words pierced Alexanders bearr, when he conſidered the encencla- OT
ry of wordly things. There alſo Calanus the INDIAN Philoſopher, having had a fluxalictle while,
prayed that they would make him a ſtack of wood, ſuch as they uſe to burn dead bodies on, and then
rode thither on horſ-back : and after he had made his prayer unto the gods, he caſt thoſe (| prinklin SU
on him which were uſed to be ſprinkled at the funerals of the dead : then cutting off a lock of by 4
before he went upon the wooditack, he bad all the Maczpon1ans that were there farewell, and
ſhoke them by the hands, praying them that day to be merry, and drink freely with the King whom
he would ſee ſhortly after in the City of BaByLoN., When he had ſaid theſe words, be Taid him
down upon the woodſtack, covered his face, nor never ſtirred hand nor foot, nor quitched when Calanusthe In
the fire took him, but did ſacrifice himſelf in this ſorr, as che manner of his Country was, that the wiſe Md iateds
men ſhould ſo ſacrifice themſelves. Another IND1AN alſo, who followed Juli Ceſar, did the like -- CE
many years after in the City of ATHENS : ahd there is his tomb yet to be ſeen commonly called wy
the INDIANS romb, When Alexander came from ſeeing this ſacrifice of Celancy he did bid di. 4/*x4nder
vers of his friends and. Captains to ſupper to him, and there did bring forth a Crown for a reward 224 men
unto him that drank beſt. He that drank moſt of all other, was one Promachs, that drank four pointe
Gallons of Wine, and won the Crown wortha talent : bur he lived not above three days after. And RAM
of other alſo that fell in ſport to quaffing, who ſhould drink moſt, there died of them ( as Chares
writeth) one and fourty perſons, of an extream cold that took them in their drunkenneſs and Wine
When they were in the City of Sus a, he married certain of his friends, and himſelf alſo married
Statira, one of King Darius Daughters, diſpoſing alſo of the other P:Rs1A4N Ladies (according
ro their eſtate and birth ) unto his beft friends. He made alſo a ſolemn feaſt of common marriages a- The Macedoni=
mongſt the MacE£D0NIans, of them that had been married before, Ar which feaſt ir is written, "3 married
chat nine thouſand perſons ſitting at the boards, he gave unto every one of them a cup of gold ro offer 2959 the Per-
Wine in honour of the gods. And there alſo amongft other wondertull gifts. he did pay all the deb mm
the Ma : or"; pay © GEMS The wonderful
CEDONIANS ought unto their creditors , the which'amounted unto the ſur of ten gifts of Alex-
thouſand ralents, ſaving an hundred and thirty leſs. Whereupon eAntigenes with oneeye, falſly put- ander,
ting in his name amongſt the number of ghe debtors, and bringing in one that ſaid he had len bim {fx*nder paid
money, Alexander cauſed him to be payed : but afterwards when it was proved to his tace, thar y« <=5xp
there was no ſuch matter, Alexander then was ſo offended, that he baniſhed him his Court, and _ with
deprived him of his Caprainſhip , notwithſtanding that he had before thewed himfelf a valiant one eye, avali-
man in the Wars, For when he was but a young man he was ſhot intothe eye, before the City of Þ'! Caprain,
PERINTE, which King Philip did beſiege ; and at that preſent time they would have pluckt the yung Gare
Arrow out of his eye, but he never fainted foxit, neither would ſuffer them -to pull it our, before CHI
he had firſt driven his enemies within the walls of their Ciry. He took this inſamy very inwardly MES
and he was (o me for ir, that every man might ſee he was like to die for forrow. Then Alexander
fearing he ſhould ie, did pardon him, and bade him beſides keep the money which was given him. Thirty thoy-
Now the thirty thouſand young Boys which Alexander had left ro the Government of Captains, ſand bays of
ro train and- exerciſe them in the diſcipline of War, they being grown ſtrong men, and luſt ; the Perſians,
ouths, excellently well trained and ready in Arms, e4lexander rejoyced when he ſaw them, *222Þ* the dif-
his notwithſtanding did much difcourage the Ma cxzponians and made chem greatly afraid —_—_ _—
becauſe they thought chat from thenceforth the King m_—_ _ leſs account of them, _ _—_
b when
bu
- 0"
ALEXANDER the Grate”
_
The clemency
and liberality
of Alexander
unto his Sou!-
iers,
The death of
Hepheſt ion.
Alexanders
torrow tor the
death of Hec-
pbeſtion.
Staficrates an
excellent I-
mageamaker.
Divers ſigns
before Alexan-
drs death.
when eAlexander,would have ſent the ſick and impotent perſons, which had been maimed in the
Wars, into the low Countrey to the ſea fide, they anſwered him, that ſo doing he ſhould. do them
great wrong, to ſend theſe poor men from him in that ſort (after they had done him all the ſervice
they could) home to their Countrey and friends, in'worſe caſe then he took them from thence, And
therefore they ſaid, if he would ſend away ſome, let him ſend them all away as men unſerviceable,
ſpecially fithence he had now ſuch goodly young dancers about him, with whom he might go conquer
the world. eAlexander was marvellouſly offended with their proud words, inſomuch that in his an-
ger he reviled them all, put away his ordinary guard, and took other PEers1aNs in their place,
making ſome the guard about his own perſon , others, his Uſhers, Heraulds, and Miniſters to exe-
cute his will and commandment. The poor MAcEtDoNIANS ſeeing eAlexander "thus waited on,
and themſelves ſo ſhamefully reje&ed, they ler fall their toutneſs, and after they had communed
of the matter together, they were ready to tear themſelves for ſpite and malice. In fine, when
they had laid their heads together, they conſented to go untohis Tent, and without weapons, naked
in their ſhirts, to yield themſelves unto him weeping and howling, beſeeching him to do with them whar
pleaſed him, 3nd to uſe them like wretched unthankiull creatures. But Alexander, though his anger was
pow ſomewhat pacified, did not receive them the firſt time, neither did they alſo go their ways, bur
remained there two days and nights rogether in this grievous and pittifull ſtate, before the doos
of his Tent, lamenting unto him, and calling him their Soveraigne, and King , untill that he came
himſelf out of his Tent the third day, and ſeeing the poor wretches in this pitifull tate, he himſelf
fell a weeping a long time. So, after he had | little rebuked them, he called them courteouſly, and
gave the impotent and ſick perſons leave to depart home, rewarding them very honourably, Fur.
thermore he wrote unto Antipater his Lieutenant, that he ſhould give. them always the higheſt place
in all common ſports and aſſemblies, and that they ſhould be crowned with Garlands of Flowers,
Moreover, he commanded that the Orphans. whoſe parents were ſlain in the wars, ſhould receive the
pay of their fathers. After Alexander was come unto the City of EcBATAN, in the King-
dom of MED1Aa, and that he had diſpatched his weightieft cauſes, he gave himſelf again unto pub-
lick ſports, feaſts and paſtimes ; for that there were newly come unto him out of Gr zEtce, three
thouſand excellent maſters and deviſers of ſuch ſports. "About that time it chanced, that Hepheſtion
fell ſick of an Ague, But he being a young man of War, did not regard his mouth as he ſhould
have done, but haying ſpied opportunity that his Phyſitian Gla#cas was gone unto the Theatre, to
ſee the ſports and paſtimes, he went to - and eat a roaſted Capon whole, and drank a great pot
full of Wine, which he had cauſed to be ſer in water : whereupon his Feaver took him ſo ſorely, that
he lived not long after. ; Alexander unwiſely took the chance of his death, and commanded all
the hairs of his Horſe and Mules to be preſently ſhorn, in token of mourning , and that all the
battlements of the Walls of Cities alſo ſhould be overthrown, and hung up poor Glaucaus his Phy-
ſitian upon acroſs, and commanded that no minſtrel| ſhould be heard play of any 'kind of inſtru-
ment within his Camp : untill that there was brought him an Oracle from Zupiter Hammon, comman-
ding that Hepheſtion ſhould be worſhipped and ſacrificed unto, as a demy-god. In the end, to paſs
over this mourning and ſorrow, he went unto the Wars, as unto an hunting of men, and there ſub-
dued the people of the Cos s £14 ns, whom: he pluckt up by the roots, and (lew man, woman, and
child. And this was called the ſacrifice of Hepheſtions Funerals. eAlexander furthermore being de-
firous tp beſtow ten thouſand talents coſt upon his. obſequies and Funerals, and alſo to exceed the
charge by the rareneſs and excellency of workmanſhip, amongſt all other excellent Work-maſters,
he defired one Staſicrates : for he had ever paſling invention, and his work was always ſtately and
ſumptuous in any-new thing he took in hand. For he talking one day with Alexander, told him, that
of all mountains he knew in the world, he thought there was none more excellent to reſemble the
Statue or Image of a man, then was mount Arho in THR ACIA : and that if it were his pleaſure, he
would make the nobleſt and moſt durable Image, that ſhould be in the world, which in the lefc
hand ſhould hold a City to contain ten thouſand perſons, and out of the right hand, there ſhould
run a preat River into the Sex. Yet Alexander would not hearken to him , but then was talk-
ing with other Workmen of more ſtrange inventions, and far greater coſt, Now as he was ready
to take his jourtiey to gounto BasYLoN, Nearchus his Admiral came again unto him from the
great ſea Oceanum, by the. River of Euphrates : and told .him, how certain CHALDEAN Sooth-
ayers came unto him, who did warn him that he ſhould not go into Ba nyLo Nn, Howbeit A/exan-
der made no reckoning of it, but went on. Put when he came hard to the Walls of Bazr Lo, he
ſaw a great number of Crows fighting and killing one of auother, and ſome of them fell down dead
hard by him. Afterwards being told him that Apoliodorus the Governour of the City of BayyLo x,
having ſacrificed unto the gods, ro know what ſhould happen to him, he ſent for the Soothſayer Py-
thagoras, to know of him if it were true, The Soothlayer denied it not, Then Alexander asked
him, what ſigns he had in the Sacrifice. He anſwEred that the liver of the beaſt had no head. O
gods, ſaid Alexander then, this is an ill ſign : notwithſtanding he did Pythagoras no hurt, but. yet -
he repented him that he did not believe I earchus words. For this reſpe& therefore Alexander lay
much abroad in the Countrey from Ba x LoN, anddid take his pleaſure rowing up and down the Ri-
ver of Euphrates. Yet had he many other ill ſigns and tokens one upon another, that made him
afraid. For there was a tame Aſs that killed one of the greateſt and goodlieſt Lions in all Ba sy-
- LON, with one of his feet, Another time when elexender had put off bis clothes, to be anointed
0
Es
Va...
Ke L
Y F
KY
XANDER the Great
—
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- 0
oo
rr rr——_—
——
— OA CCI EOS IIS oo oo
589
to play at Tenis, when he ſhould put on his Apparell again , the young Gentlemen that played
with him, found a man fer in his Chair of eſtate, having the Kings Diademe on his head, and his
Gown on his back, and ſaid never a word. Then they asked him what 'he was ? 1t was long be-
fore he made them anſwer, bur at the length coming to himſelf, he ſaid, his name was Dionyſus,
born in Mes's1Na : and being accuſed. tor certain crimes committed , he was ſent trom the ſex
thither, where he had been a long time priſoner : and alſo' that the god Serap:s had appeared
unto him, and undone his: Irons, and that he commanded him to rake the Kings Gown, and his
Diademe, and to fir him down in his Chair of eſtate, and ſay' never a word. When Alexander
heard ir, he put him to death according to the counſell of his Soothſayers : bur then his mind was
troubled, and feared that the gods had forſaken him, and alſo grew to ſuſpe& his friends. Bur firſt
of all, Alexander feared Antipater and his ſons above all other, For one of them called 1v1as, was Alexander
his firſt Cup-bearer : and his brother called Caſſander, was newly come- out of GREEct unto feared Anti-
him. The firſt rime that Caſſander ſaw ſome'ot the barbarous people reverencing Alexander, he 7%":
having been brought up with the |,berty of GREECE, and: had never ſeen the-like before, tell into
a loud laughing very unreverently. Therewith King eAlexander was ſo offended, that he took
him by the hair of his head with” both his hands, and knocked his head and the wall together.
Another: rime alſo when Caſſander did anſwer ſome char accuſed his father Antipater, King Alexan-
der took him up ſharply, and ſajd unto him : Whar ſayeſt thot, ſaid he ? Doett thou think that theſe
men would have gone ſo long a journey as this, falſly co accuſe thy father, if he had not done them
wrong ? (afſander again replied unto elexander, and ſaid, that that was a manifeſt proof of their
falſe accuſation, for that they did now accuſe him being ſo far off, becauſe they thought they could
not ſuddenly be diſproved. elexander thereat fell a laughing a good , and ſaid, lo, theſe are
Ariſtotles quiddities to argue (pro © contra :' but this will not fave you from puniſhment, if I find
that you have done theſe men wrong. In fine, they report that Caſſander took ſuch an inward
ſear and conceit upon it, that long time after when be was King of Mactpon and had all
GREECE at his commandment, going up and down inthe 'Ciry of DzryHos, and beholding the
monuments and images that are there, he found one of eLlexandey , which put him into ſuch a ſud-
den fear, that the hairs of his head ſtood upright, and his body quaked in ſuch ſort, that it was
a great time before he could come to himſelf again, Now after that «Alexander had left his truſt
and confidence in the gods, his mind was ſo troubled and afraid, that no ſtrange thing happened
unto him (how little ſoever it was) but be took it ſtraight for a ſign and prediRion from the gods :
ſo that his Tent was always full of Prieſts and Soothſayers, that did nothing but ſacrifice and puri-
fie, and tend upon divinements, So horrible a thing is the miſtruſt and contempt of the gods, when
it is begotten in the hearts of men , and ſuperſtition alſo ſo dreadfull, that it filled the guilty
conſciences and fearfull hearts, like water diſtilling from above: as at that time it filled Alexander
wich all folly, after that fear had once poſfeſſed him. This notwithſtanding , after he had re-
ceived ſome anſwers touching Hepheſtion from the Oracle of Zupiter Hammon, he left his ſorrow,
and returned again to his banquets and feaſtings. For he did ſumptuouſly feaſt Nearchus, and one
Cay when he came out of his Bath according to his manner, being ready to go to bed, eHedims one
of his Captains beſought him to come to a banquet to him to his lodging. eAlexander went thither,
Alexan let tell
and drank there all that night and the next day, ſo that he got an Ague by it, But that came not 4
(as ſome write) ”y drinking up Hercules cup all at a draught ; neither for the ſudden pain he ague,
telt between his ſhoulders , as if he had been thruſt into the back with a ſpear: for all theſe
were thought to be written by ſome for lies and fables, becauſe they would have made the end of
this great Tragedy lamentable and pittiful. But Ar:/tobuls writeth, that he had ſuch an extream
Feaver and thirſt withall, that he drank Wine, and after that fell a raving , and at' the length
Ariſtobulus re-
port of the
died the thirtieth day of the moneth of June. In his houſhold book of things paſſed daily, it is fickneſs and
written, that his Feaver being upon him, he ſlept at his hot-houſe on the eighteenth day of Ze, death of Alex*
The next morning after he was come out of his hot-houſe, he went into his Chamber, and paſſed 4”:
away all thatday with Medins, playing at Dice : and at night very. late, after he had bathed himſelf
and ſacrificed unto the gods, he fell ro meat, and'had his Feaver chat night. And the twentieth day
alſo, bathing himſelf again, and making his ordinary ſacrifice ro the gods, he did fir down
to eat within his ſtove, hearkning unto I earchus that rold him ſtrange things he had ſeen in
the great Sea Oceanum. The one and twentieth day alſo having done the like as before, he was
much more inflamed then he had been, and felt himſelf very ill all night, and the nexr day fol-
lowing in a great Feaver : andon that day he made his bed to be removed, and to be ſet up by the
Fiſh-ponds , where he commanded his Caprains touching certain rooms that. were void in
his Army, and commanded them not to place any man that were not of good experience. The
three and twentieth day having an extream Feaver upon him , he was carried unto the facri-
fices, and commanded that his chiefeſt Captains onely ſhould remain in his lodging , and
that che other meaner fort, as Centurions and Lieutenants of Bands, that they ſhould warch and
ward without. The four and twentieth day,'be was carried unto the other pallace of the Kings,
which is on the other fide of the Lake, where he ſlept a little, but the Feaver never left him, and
when his Captains and Noblemen came to do him huntdle reverence, and to ſee him, he lay ſpeech-
leſs. So did he the five and twentieth day alſo : infomuch as the MactpoN1aNs thought he
was dead, Then they came and knocked at the pallace gate, and cried out unto his friends _
; mMigars,
ALEXANDER the Gram”
The death of
Alexander the
Great,
Ariſtotle ſuſ-
pected for the
death of Alex«
ander.
Staftra lain
by Roxane.
Aridaus, A-
lexanders ba-
ard brother.
miliars, and threatned them, ſo that they were compelled ro open them the gate. * . Thereupon the
gates were opened, and they coming in their Gowns, went unto” his bed-{ide ro' ſee him, That ſelf
ay Python and Seleucus were appointed by the Kings friends to go to the Temple of the god Serapis;
to know if they ſhould bring King Alexander thither, The. god anſwered them, that they ſhould Rec
remove him from thence. The eight and twentieth day at night Alexander died, Thus it is written
word for word in manner, in the houſhold book of remembrance, Ar that preſent time, there was
no ſuſpition that he was poiſoned. Yet they ſay, that fix years after, thereappeared ſome proof that
he was poiſoned. Whereupon his mother O/ympas put many men to death, and caft the aſhes of 70.
la into the wind, that was dead before, for it was faid be gave him poiſon in his drink. They think it
was Ariſtotle that counſelled Antipater todo it, by whoſe mean the poiſon was brought, they ſay that
Agnorhems reported it, having heard it of King Antigonus own mouth. The poiſon (as ſome ſay) was
cold as ice, and falleth from a rock in theterritory of he City of NoNACR1s, and it is gathered as they
would gather a dew into the horn of the foot of an Aſs, for there is no other kind of thing that will keep
it, it is ſoextream cold and piercing. Others maintain, and fay, that the report of his poiſoning is un-
true : and for proof thereof they alledge this reaſon, whictt is of no ſmall importance, that is : Thar
the chiefeſt Captains fel] at great variance after his death, ſo that the corps of Alexander remained ma.
ny days naked without burial, in a hot dry Country, and yet there never appeared any ſign or token
upon his body, that he was poiſoned, bur was ſtill a clean and fair corps as could be. Ale xander left
Roxane great with child, for the which the Ma c Do N14 Ns did her great honour, but ſhe did ma-
lice Statiraextreamly, and did finely deceive her by a counterfeit letter the ſent, as if it had come from
Alexander, willing ber tocome unto him, But when ſhe was come, Roxane killed her and her ſiſter
and then threw their bodies into a well, and filled it up with earth, by Perdicc as helpand conſent.
Perdiccas came to be King immediately after Alzxanders death by means of Arideus, whom he kept
above him for his guard and ſafery : This Aridess,being born of a trumpet and common woman, cal.
led Philinna, was half lunatick, not by nature nor by chance, but as it is reported, out of his
wits when hewasa young towardly boy, by drinks which 0lympias cauſed to be given him, and there-
by continued frantick.
The ind of Alexanders Life.
_—
% \
591
den ina
Who, when he was determined to © killed him ſome of
THE LIFE OF
[|
FULIUS CASAR,
Ant, Chriſt,
47.
a<QGE& T what time Syla was made Lord of all, he would have had Cz/ar put away his
JESS, wife Cornelia, thedaughter of Cinna Dictator: bur when he ſaw he could nei-
Ws him. The caule of Ceſars ill will unto Sy#a, was by means of marriage : for
= 147i; the elder, married his fathers own fiſter, by whom he had Marins the
k x
Ac
Xa;
x» Jv
fery, but cam
* younger, whereby {ſar and he were Couſin-germans. Sy{a being troubled
in weighty matters purting todeath ſo many of 'his enemies, when he came to be
conqueror, he made no reckoning of {ſar : and he was not contented to be hid-
e and made ſuit unto the people for the Prieſthood that was void; when he had
ſcant any hair on his face. Howbeit he was repulſed by Sp means, that ſecretly was againſt him,
ro purſo young a boy as he to deat | ]
were many Marians in that young boy. (ſar underſtanding that, ſtole out of Row, and hid him-
time in the Country ofthe San1Nnz$, wandring ſtill from place to place, Burt one day be-
ing carried from houſe to houſe, he fell into the hands of Sy{a's ſouldiers, who ſearched all thoſe pla-
ces, and took them whom they found hidden. Ceſar bribed the Caprain, whoſe name was (ornelixs,
with two talents which he gave him. After he had eſcaped them thus, he went unto the ſeafide and took
ſhip, and ſailed into B1THy N14 to go unto King Nicomeades. When/he had been with him a while, he
took ſea again, and was taken by Pirats about the Iſle of PHARMA cus4 : for thoſe Pirats kept all up-
on the ſea coaft,with a great Fleet df ſhips and boars. They asking him ar the firſt rwenty talents for his
ranſom, Ceſar layghed them to ſcorn, asthough they knew not what a man they had taken, and of him-
ſelf promiſed them fifty talents. Then he ſent his menup and down to get him this money,fo that he was
left in a manner alone among theſe thieves of the CrL1c1ans ( which are the cruelleſt butchers in the
world) with one efhis friends and two of his {laves onely : and yer he made fo little reckoning of them,
that when he was defirous ro-ſleep, he ſent unto them to command them to make no noiſe. Thus was he
thirty eight days among them, not kept priſoner, but rather waited upon them as a Prince. All thistime
he would boldly exerciſe himſelf in any ſport or paſtime they would go ro. And otherwhile alfo he
would.write verſes, and make orations, and call-them together to ſay them be ore them : and if any of
them ſeemedas though they had not underſtood him, or pafſed not for them, he called chem block heads
and þruit; beaſts, and laughing, threatned them that he would hang them up. Bur.chey were as merry
ſelf ao
is friends told him,that it was to no purpoſe
. But Sylatold them again, that they did nor conſider thar there
with
Caeſar joyned
wich Cinnk and
Marius. -
Caſar took ſes
and went unto
Nicomedes,
King of Bithi-
nia. |
Caſar raken of
Pirais.
2
TT» IG
G& \ YW-<'2:
2) oO.
-
_592
7 U "DEF; CE SA OE
Funius Prztor
of Aſia.
Caſars Elo-
quence.
Caſar loyed
hoſpitality,
Caſar a follow-
er of the people
Cicero's judge-
ment of Caſar.
The love of
the people of
Rome unto Ca-
(ar.
Caſ(ar choſen
tribanus milt.
rum.
Ceſar madethe
Faneral Ora-
tion at the
death of his -
Aunt Fulia.
Caſay the firſt
thar praiſed his
wife in Fune-
ral Oration.
Gaſar made
Quzſtor.
Pompcia, Ca-
ſars third wife.
with the matter as could be, and rook all in good part, thinking that this his bold ſpeech came through
the ſimplicity of his youth, So when his ranſom, was come from the City of MriLETum, they be-
ing raid their money, and he again ſer at liberty , he then preſently armed and manned certain Ships
out of the Haven of MiLETUu, to follow thoſe thieves, whom' he found yet riding at Anchor in
the ſame Iſland. So he took the moſt of them, and had the ſpoil of their goods , but for their bo-
dies, he brought them into the City of PERG Amus and there committed them to priſon, whileſt he
himſelf went to ſpeak with _ who had the government of As14a, as unto whom the execu-
tion of theſe Pirats did belong, for that he was Prztor of that Countrey. But this Prztor having
a great fancy to be fingering of the money, becauſe there was good ſtore of it, anſwered that he
would conſider of theſe priſoners at better leiſure. Ceſar leaving Juni there, returned again unto
PeRG Amus, and therehung up all/thoſe thieves openly upon a croſs, as he had oftentimes pro-
miſed them in the Iſle he would do, when they thought be did but jeſt. Afterwards when Sylla's
power began to decay, Ceſars friends wrote unto him, to pray | him to come _— in, But he
ſailed fr unto RHODE s, to ſtudy there a time under Appolonzas the Son of Melon, whoſe Scholar
alſo Cicero was, for he wasa very honeſt man, and an excellent good Rhetoritian, ---isreported,
that Ceſar bad an excellent natural gift to ſpeak well before the people, and beſides that rare gift, he
was excellently well ſtudied, ſo that doubtleſs he was counted the ſecond man for” eloquence in tus
time, and gave place tothe firſt, becauſe he' would: be the firft and chiefeſt man of war and authority,
being not yet cometo the degree of perfection to ſpeak well, which his nature could have performed
in him, becauſe he was given rather to follow wars, and to manage great matters, which in the end
brought- him to be Lord of all Rous. And therefore in-a book he wrote againſt chat which C:cero
made in the praiſe of Cato, he prayeth the Readers not to compare the ſtile of a Souldier, with the
Eloquence of an excellent Orator, that had followed it the moſt part of his life, When. he was re-
turned again unto ROME, he accpſed Dolabella for his ill behaviour in the Government of the Pro-
vinces, and he had divers Cities of Gxztct that gave in evidence againſt him, Notwithſtanding,
Delabella at the length was diſmifled. rs to requite the good will of the Gz £c1A ns which they
had ſhewed him in/his accuſation bf. Dolabella took their cauſe in hand, when they did accuſe Publius
Antonius before Marcus Lucafius, Prator of MAactDon : and followed it ſo hard againſt him in
their behalf, that e-Lntonixs was driven to appeal before the Tribunes at Rom, alledging, to colour
his appeal withall, that he could haveno jutftice in GREzcEt againft the Gxtc1ans., Now Ceſar
immediately wan many mens good yills at Rows, through his Eloquence , in pleading of their
cauſes, and the people loved him marvellouſly alſo, becauſe of the courteous manner he had 'to \ peak
ro every man, and to uſe them gently, being more ceremonious therein then was looked for in one
of his years. Furthermore, he ever kept a good board, and fared well at his Table, and was very li-
beral beſides : the which indeed did advance him forward, and brought him in eſtimation with the
people. His enemies judging that this favour of the common people would ſoon quail, when he
could no longer hold out that charge and expence, ſuffered him to run on, till by little and little be
was grown to be of great ſtrength and power.” But in fine, when they had thus given him the bridle
to grow to this | om, and that wy could not then pull him back, though indeed in ſight ir
would turn one day to the deſtruQtion of the whole ſtate and Commonwealth of Roms : too late
they found, that there is not ſo little a beginning, of any thing, but continuance of time will ſoon
make it ſtrong, when through contempt there is no impediment to hinder the greatneſs. Thereupon
(icero like a wiſe Shipmaſter that feareth the calmneſs of the Sea, was the firſt man that miſtruſting
his manner of dealing in the Commonwealth found out his craft and malice, which he cunningly
cloked under the habit of outward courteſie and familiarity. And yet, ſaid he, when I conſider how
finely he combeth his fair buſh of hair, and how ſmooth it lyeth, and that I ſee him ſcratch his head
with one finger onely, my mind gives me then, that ſuch a kind of man ſhould not have ſo wicked a
thought in his head, as to overthrow the ftate of the Commonwealth. But this was long time after
that. The firſt ſhew and proof of the love and good will which the people did bear unto {2ſar, was
when he ſued to be Tribune of the ſouldiers (to wit , Colonel of a thouſand footmen) ſtanding againſt
(4ius Pompilixs, at that time he was preferred and choſen before him. But the ſecond and more ma-
nifeſt proot then the firſt, was at the death of his Aunt Flia, the wife of Marius the elder. For
being her Nephew, he made a ſolemn Oration-in-the Market-place in commendation of her, and at
her burial did boldly venture to ſhew forth the images of Maris: the which was the firſt time that
they were ſeen after $Syl/a's viRtory, becauſe that ſari: and all his confederates had been proclaimed
Traitors and enemies of the commonwealth. For.when there were ſome that cryed out upon Ceſar
for doing of it, the people on the other ſide kept tir, and rejoyced at it, clapping of their hands;
and thanked him, for that he had brought as it were out of hell, the remembrance of Marius honour
again into Rome, which had ſo long time been obſcured and buried. And where it had been an an-
cient cuſtome of long time, that the Romans uſed to make Funeral Orations in praiſe of old Ladies
and Matrons when they died, but not of young women : Coſer was the firft that praiſed his own
Wife with Funeral Oration when ſhe was dead, the which alſo did encreaſe the peoples good wills the
more, ſeeing him of ſo kind and gentle nature. After the burial of his Wife he was made Treaſu-
rer under eAntiſtius Verus Prextor, whom he honoured ever after ; ſo that when himſelf came to be
Prztor, he made his Son to be choſen Treaſurer. Afterwards, when he was come out of that
Office, he married his third Wife Pompeia, having a daughter by bis firſt Wife, {drnelia, which was
married unto Pompey the Great, Now for that he was very liberal in expences, buying (i ww
thought
CAESAR
__ add”
thought) but a vamrandMort glory of the favour of the people ( where indeed he bought
xg greateſt things that could be) ſome lay, that before tha any Office in Hay,
wealth, he was grown in deb, to the ſum of thirteen hundred talents. Furthermore , becauſe
he was made over-ſeer of the work .tor the high way called eAppixs way, he disburſed a great
ſum of his own money towards the charges of the ſame. And on the other fide , when he was
made Adilis, for that he did ſhew the people the paſtime of three hundred and twenty couple of
Sword players, and did belides exceed all other in ſumptuouſneſs in the ſports and common feaſts,
which he mage co delight rhem withall (and. did as it were drown all the ſtately ſhews of others in
the like, that had gone before him) he ſo pleaſed the people, and wan their love therewith, that
they deviſed daily to give bim new Offices for to requite him, Art that time there were two factions
in Rows, to wit, the faction of Sylla, which was very ſtrong and of great power : and the other
of Marius, whicty was then undex foor, and durſt not ſhew it ſelf, But Ceſar becauſe he would
renew it again, even at that time when be being A&dilis, all the feaſts and common ſports were in their
greateſt rutte, he ſecretly cauſed images of Aſarins to be made, and of viRories that carried tri-
umphs ; and thoſe he ſer up one night within the Capitol, The next morning when every man ſaw
gliſtering of theſe golden images excellently well wrought, ſhewing by the inſcriptions, chat they
were the victories which Afarius had won upon the CimBRE s, every one marvelled much at the
boldneſs of him thar durſt ſer them up there, knowing well enough who ic was. Hereupon it ran
ſtraight through all the City, and every man came thither to ſee them, Then ſome cryed out upon
Ceſar, and ſaid , it was a tyranny which he meant to ſet up, by renewing of ſuch hogours as betore
had been troddenunder foot and forgotten, by common decree and open proclamation : and that it
was no more but a bait to gage the peoples good wills, which he had ſer out in the ſtately ſhews of
his common plays, to ſee if he had brought them to his lure, that they would abide ſuch parts to be
played and a new alteration of things to be made. They of Maris fation on the other fide in-
couraging one another, ſhewed theraſelves ſtraight a great number gathered together, and made the
mount of the Capitol ring again withtheir cries. and Clapping of hands : infomuch as the tears ran
down many of their cheeks, for very joy, when they ſaw the images of Aarins, and they extolled
* («ſar to the skies, judging him the worthieft man of all the kindred of Afarins. The Senate being
aſſembled thereupon, Catulus Luttatins, one of the greateſt authority at that timein Rome, roſe,
and vehemently inveighed againſt Ceſar, and ſpake that then which ever fince hath been noted much :
that Ceſar did not now covegly go to work, but by plain force ſought to alter the ſtate of the Com-
monwealth, Nevertheleſs, Ceſar at that time did anſwer him ſo, that the Senate was ſatisfied. There-
upon they that had him in eſtimation did grow in berter hope then before , and perſwaded him, that
hardly he ſhould give place to no man, and that through the good will of the people, he ſhould be
better then all they, and come to be the chiefeſt man of the City, Ar that time the chief Biſhop Ae-
tellus died, and two of the notableſt menof the Ciry, and of the greateſt authority (7/auricas and
-Catulus) contended for his room : Ceſar notwithſtanding. their contention, would give neither of
them both place, but preſented himſelt ro the people, and made ſuit for ir as they did. The ſuit
being equal betwixt either of them, Catulus, becaule he was a man of greater calling and dignity than
C &/. 4rs prod -M
gality,
Caſar accuſed
to make a re.
beliion in che
ſtace,
The death of
Metcllus chief
Biſhop of Rome
the other, doubting the uncertainty of the eleftion , ſent unto Ceſar a good ſum of money, to '
make him leave oft his ſuir. But Ceſar ſent him word again, that he would lend a greater ſum
then that, to. maintain the ſuit againſt him. When the day of the election came, his morker bring-
ing him to the door of his houſe, Ceſar weeping, kiffed her, and ſaid : Mother, this day thou ſhalt
ſee thy ſon chief Biſhop of Roms, or baniſhed frem Roms. In tine, when the voices of the
people were gathered together, and the ſtrife well debaxed, {ſar wan the yictory, and made the
Senate and Noble men all afraid of him, for that they thought that thencetorth he wauld make the
people do what he thought good. Then Catulxs and'Piſo fell larly out with C:cere, and condemned
him for that he did not bewray Ceſar, when he knew that he was of con(piracy with {Aataline, and
had opportunity to have done it. For when Caraline was bent and determined, not onely to over-
throw the ſtate of the Commonwealth, bur utterly tro deſtroy the Empire of Rome, he eſcaped
of the hands of juſtice for lack of ſufficient proot, before his full treaſon and determination was
kngwn, Notwithſtanding he left Lentulus and Cerhegus in the Ciry, companions of his conſpira-
cy : unto whom, whether Ceſar did give any ſecret help or comfort, it is not well known, Yet this
is manifeſt , that when they were convinced in open Senate, Cicero being at that time Conſul, asking
every mans opinion in the Senate, what puniſhment they ſhould have, and every one of them ill ic
Caſar made
chief Biſhop of
Rome.
C_ ed
ro be contede-
rate with Cati-
line in hiscon-
{piracy.
came to Ceſar, gave ſentence they ſhould die : Ceſar then rifing up t ſpeak, made an oration (pen- c,(;p wene 2-
ned and premeditated before) and ſaid, that it was neither lawfull, nor yet their cuſtome did bear it, bour to deliver
tO put men of ſuch Nobility to death (but in an extreamity) withour lawfull inditement and condemna- the conſpira-
tion, And therefore, that if they were pur in priſon in ſome City of IT a Ly, where Cicero thoughe ©2*:
beſt untill that Catiline were overthrown, the Senate then might at their pleaſure quickly take ſuch
order therein, as, might appear beſt unto their wiſdoms. This opinion was thought more gentle,
and withall was uttered with ſuch a paſſing good grace and eloquence, that not onely they which
were to ſpeak after him did approve it : bur ſuch alſo as had ſpoken to the contrary before, revoked
their opinion, and Ruck to his, untill it came to (ate and Carulus to ſpeak, They both did ſharply
inveigh againſt him, bur {aro chiefly : who in his oration made Ceſar ſuſpected to be of the conſpi- C4to's orxtion
racy, and ſtowrly ſpake againſt him, inſomuch that the offenders were pur into che hands of the Of-
ficers to be put to death. C-ſar coming out of the Senate, a company of young men which guarded
( Icero
againſt Caeſar,
Ciceps for the ſafery of his perſon, did. ſet upon him with their ſwords
Curio covered Ceſar with his Gown, and took him out of their hands. And *Cicero ſelf, when
the young men looked upon him, beckened with his head that they ſhouldnot kill him, either fear-
- +.
- v»
? \
F3 : p
A Xx
bots
2 # 4 F '% 6
: —_— of SN
4 : Ne = Ra
— — ——
"Sad F's
rawn, But ſome fay that
ing the fury of the people, or elſe that he thought it roo ſh and wicked a part, But if that
were true, I marvell why C:cero did not pur it into his book he wrote of his Conſulſhip, -But cer-
rainly they blamed him afterwards, for that he took nor the opportunity offered him againſt (ſar,
- onely for overmuch fear of the people, that loved him very dearly. For ſhortly after , when
Th& love of P.
Clodius unto
Pompeia, C#-
(ars wite,
The good god-
deſs what the
was, and her
{acrifices.
Clodius taken
inthe ſacrifices
of the good
goddels.
Clodius accuſed
for prophaning
the ſacrificesof the people that did indite him, and accuſe him of High Treaſon to the
the good god-
dels.
Caſar putterh
away bis wife
Pompeia.
Ceſar went into the Senate, to clear himſelf of certain preſumptions and falſe accuſations objeRed
againſt him, and being bitterly taunted among them, the Senate keeping him longer, than they were
wont : the people came about rhe Council-houſe, and called out aloud for him, bidding them ler
him our. {aro then fearing rhe inſurre&tion of the poor needy perſons, which were they that pur
all their hope in Ceſar, and did alſo move the people to ſtir, did perſwade the: Senate to make a
frank diſtribution of Corn unto them, for a moneth, This diftribution did put the Common-wealth
to a new charge of five hundred and fifry Myriades, This counſell quenched a preſent great fear,
and did in happy time ſcatter and diſperſe abroad the beſt part of Czſars force and power, at ſuch
rime as he was made Prztor, and that for reſpe&t of his office he was moſt to be feared, Yer all the
time he was officer, he never ſought any alteration in the Commonwealth, bur contrarily he him-
ſelf had a great misfortune fell on his houſe, which was this. There was a young noble man of the
order of the PATRICIANS , Called Publius (lodixs , who lacked neither wealth, nor eloquence,
but otherwiſe as inſolent and impudent a perſon, as any was elſe in Rome. Hebecamein love with
Pompeia, Ceſars wife, who milliked not withall : notwithſtanding ſhe was ſoſtraightly looked to,
and eAurelia (Ceſars mother) an honeſt Gentlewoman had ſuch an eye of her, that theſe rwo lovers
could not meet as they would, without great peril and difficulry, The Romans do uſe ro honour
a goddeſs, which they call the good goddeſs, as the Gxtctans have her whom they call Gynecia,
to wit, the goddeſs of women. Her, the PH&yG1AaNs do claim ro be peculiar unto them, ſay-
ing: that ſhe is King e5das mother. Howbeit the Romans hold opinion, that it is a Nymph
of the Woods married unto the god Faunw. The GREC1ANS, they alſo, that ſhe was one of
the mothers of the god Bacchus, whom they dare not name. - And for proof hereof, on her feaſt
day, the women make certain Tabernacles of vine' twigs, and leaves of vine branches ; and alſo
they: make as the tale goeth, a holy 'Dragon for this goddeſs, and do fer it by her : beſides, it is
not lawfull for any man to be preſent at their ſacrifices, no not within the heuſe it ſelf where they are
made. Furthermore, they ſay, that the women in theſe ſacrifices do many things among themſelves,
much like unto rhe'Ceremonies of Orpheus. Now when the time of this feaſt came, the husband
(whether he were Prztor or Conſul) and all his men and the boys in the houſe, do come our of it, and
leave it wholly to his wife, to order rhe-houſe at her pleaſure, and there the ſacrifices and ceremonies
are done the moſt part of the night, and they do beſides paſs the night away in ſongs and muſick.
Pompeia Ceſars wite, being that year to celebrate this feaſt, Clodizs who had yer no hair on his tace,
and thereby rhought he ſhould not be bewrayed, diſguiſed himſelf in a ſinging Wenthes apparel,
becauſe his face was very like unto a young Wench, He finding the Gates open, being ſecretly
brought in by her Chamber-maid that was made privy unto it, ſhe left him, and ran to Pompeia
her miſtreſs, to tell her that he was come. The Chamber maid tarried long before ſhe came again,
inſomuch as Clodius being weary m_ for her where ſhe left him, he rook his pleaſure, and wenc
from one place to another inthe houſe, which had very large rooms in it, ſtill ſhunning the light ;
and was by chance met withall by one of eAurelia's maids, who taking him for'a woman, prayed
her to play. {lodixs refuſing to play, the maid pulled him forward, and asked him what he was :
Clodins then anſwered her, that he tarried for 4bra one of Pompeia's women. So Aurelia's maid
knowing him by his voice, ran ſtraight where the lights and Ladies were, and cryed out, that there
was a man diſguiſed in womans apparell, The wome: therewith were ſo amazed, that «Aurelia
cauſed them pteſently to leave off the Ceremonies of che Sacrifice, and to hide their ſecret things;
and having ſeen the Gates faſt locked, went immediately up and down the houſe with Torch-lighr
ro ſeek out this man t who at the laſt was found out in the Chamber of Pompeia's maid, with whom
he hid himſelf, Thus Clodixs being found out , and known of the women, they thruſt him our
of the doors by the ſhoulders. The ſame night the women told their husbands of this chance as
ſoon as they came home. The next morning, there ran a great runfour through the City, how
Clodins had attempted a great villany, and thar he deſerved, not onely to be puniſhed of them whom
he had (landered,- but AG of tte Commonwealth and the gods. There was one of the Tribunes of
gods. Furthermore, there
were alſo of the chiefeſt of the Nobility and Senate, that came to depoſe againſt him, and burthened
him with many horrible and deteſtable fas, and ſpecially with inceſt committed with his own ſiſter,
which was married unto Lucullus. Notwithſtanding the people ſtoutly defended Clodins againſt their
accuſations :. and this did help him much againſt the Judges, which were amazed, and afraid to ſtir
che people. This notwithſtanding, Ceſar preſently put his wife away, and thereupon being brought
by Clodius acculer to be a witneſs againſt him, he anſwered, he knew nothing of that they objected
againſt Clodixs, This anſwer being clean contrary to their expeRation that heard it, the accuſer
asked Ceſar, why then he had. put away his wife : Becauſe I will not, ſaid he, that my wife be ſo
much as ſuſpected, And ſome ſay, that C far ſpake truly as he thought. But others think, that
he did it to pleaſe the common people, who were very defirous to ſave Clodius. So Clodins was dil-
charged
T7
Cs 64 u*% "=
44 oe
E S CESAR 595
_diſen ff Mn, becauſe the moſt part of the Judges gave a confuſed Judgement, for
the fear they ſtood in one way, of the danger of the common People, if they condemned him, and Clodius quit by
for the ill opinion on the other ſide of ,che Nobility, if they did quit him; The government of the *Þ< Judges, fc:
Provinces of SyAa1N being faln unro Ceſar, for that he was Prztor, his Creduors came and cried **Phning the
out upon him, and were importunate of him to be payed, {ſar being unable to ſatisfie them, was as may wide
compelled to go unto Craſſus, who was the richeſt man ot all Rome, and that ſtood in need of Fe. _
Ceſars boldneſs and courage to withſtand Pompeys greatneſs in the Commonwealth, Craſſus be- C-{ar Prator
came his ſurety unto his greedieſt Creditors for che ſum of eight hundred and thirty Talents ; where- P-in.
upon they (ſuffered Ceſar to depart to the Government of his Province, In this Journey 1t is report- C_ ſurety
ed, that paſſing over the Mountains ot the Alpes, they came through a little poor Village that his ora
had not many Houſholds, and yet poor Cottages. There his friends that did accompany him, ask- by
ed him merrily, if there were any contending tor Offices in that Town, and whether there were
any ftrife there amongſt the Noblemen tor honour, {ear ſpeaking in good earneſt, anſwered : I
cannot tell char, ſaid he, bur for my parc I had rather be the chieteſt man here, then the ſecond per-
ſon in Rome. Another time allo when he was in Sea1x, reading the Hiſtory of eAlexanders
a&ts, when he had read it, he was ſorrowtull a good while after, and then burſt our in weeping, His
friends ſeeing that, marvelled what ſhould be the cauſe of his ſorrow. He anſwered them, Dv you
not think, ſaid he, that I have good caule to be heavy, when King eAlexander being noelder then
my ſelf is now, had in old time won ſo many Nations and C ountries : and that 1 huherunto have
done nothing worthy of my ſelf > Therefore when he was come into SpAa1N , he was very Care- ,, {arr aQs fi
full of his buſineſs, and had in few days joyned ten new Enſigns more of Footmen, unto the other an >
erwenty which he had before. Then marching forward againſt the CAaLLEs14aNns and Lus1rt a-
NIANS , he conquered all, and went as far as the great Sea Oceanum , fſutduing all the People
which before knew not the Roa Ns for their Lords, There he took order for pacifying of the
War, and did as wiſely take order for the eſtabliſhing of Peace. For he did reconcile the Cities ro-
gether, and made them triends one with another, but ſpecially he pacified all ſuits of Law, and ftriſe
betwixt the Debtors and Creditors, which grew by reaſon of uſury, For he ordained that the Cre- C.iſars order
dicors ſhould take yearly two parts of the Revenue of their Debtors, untill ſuch time as they had berwn: the
payed themſelves : and that the Debrors ſhould have the third part themſelves to live withall, He &*<<iror and
having won great eſtimation by this good order taken, returned from his Government very rich, Fs
and his Souldiers alſo full of rich Spoils, who called him Imperator , to ſay, Soveraigne Captain. Czſars Souldi-
Now the Romans having a cuſtom, that ſuch as demanded honour of Triumph, ſhould remain ers called him
a while without the City, and that they on the other ſide which ſued for the Conſulſhip, ſhould of \Perator-
neceſlicy be there in perſon: Ce/ar coming unhappily at the very time when the Conſuls were cho-
ſen, he ſent to pray the Senate co do him that favour, that being abſent he might by kis friends ſue
for the Conſulſhip. Caro at the firſt did vehemently inveigh againſt ir, vouching an expreſs Law
to the contrary. But afterwards, perceiving that notwithſtanding the reaſons he alledged, many of
the Senators (being won by Ceſar) favoured his requeſt, yer he cunningly ſought all he could to
prevent them, prolonging time, in dilating his Oration untill night, {ſar thereupon determined
rather to give over the ſuic of his Triumph, and to make ſuir for the Conſul{hip : and ſo came into 8
the Ciry, and had ſuch a device with him, as went beyond them all, bur Cato onely. His device Ceſar reconci-
was this : Pompey and Craſſ1s, two of the greateſt perſonages of the Ciry of Rome being at jar leth Pompey
together, Ceſar made them friends, and by that means got unto himſelf the power of them both, —— __
for by colour of that gentle a& and friendſhip of his, he ſubtilly (unawares to them all) did greatly nb
alter and change the ſtare of the Commonwealth. For it was not the private diſcord berween Pom-
pey and Ceſar, as many men thought, that cauſed the Civil-War : but rather it was their agree-
ment together, who joyned all their Powers firſt to overthrow the ſtate of rhe Senate and Nobility,
and afterwards they fell ar jar one withViorher. But Caro that then forelaw and prophecied ma- Co's fore.
ny times what would follow, was taken but for a vaia man : bur afterwards they found him a wiſer fghr and Pro-
man, then happy in his Counſel. Thus Ceſar being brought unto the Aſſembly of the eleRion, Ph*cY- 60
in the middeſt-of theſe two noble perſons, whom he had before reconciled rogerher, he was there —_—
choſen Conſull with Calphurnius Bibulus, without gain-ſaying, or contradiction of any man, Now ith Colphur-
when he was entred into his Office, he began to put forth Laws meerer for a ſeditious Tribune of nius Bibulue,
the People, then for a Conſull ; becauſe by them he preferred the diviſion of Lands, and diſtributing ©4/4r7 Lv
of Corn toevery Citizen gratis, to pleaſethem withall, But when the Noblemen of the Senate were £4"
againſt his device, he deffring no betrer occaſion, began to cry our, and to proteſt, that by the over-
hardneſs and auſterity of the Senate, they drave him againſt his will-ro lean unto the People : and
thereupon having Craſſz on the one fide of him, and Pompey on the other, he asked chem openly
in the Aſſembly, if they did give their conſent unto the Laws which he had pur forth. They boch
anſwered, they did. Then he prayed them to ſtand by him againſt thoſe that threarned him wich
force of Sword to let him. Craſſus gave him his word, he would, Pompey alſo did the like, and
added thereunto, that he would come with his Sword and Target both, againſt them that would with-
ſtand him with their Swords. Theſe words offended much the Senate, being far unmeet for his
gravity, and undecent for the Majeſty and Honour he carried, and moſt of all uncomely for the pre-
ence of the Senate, whom he ſhould have reverenced : and were ſpeeches fitter for a raſh light-
headed youth, then for his Perſon: Howbeit the common People onthe other fide, they wg
Eee en
596 FULIUVS ( 8
Then Ceſar becauſe he would be more afſured of Pompey's power andTelendiliits he i Fe
Ceſar married Daughter 7«liain Marriage, which was made ſure before unto Servilius Cepiog and promiſed him in
gr exchange Pompey's Daughter, who was ſure alſo unto Fauſtus the Son of Syla. And ſhortly af-
= ter alſo, Ceſar: ſelf did marry Calphurnia, the Daughter of Pzſo, whom he cauſed to be made Con-
Caſar married full, to ſucceed him the next year following. Cato then cried out with open mouth, and called the
Calphurnia the gods to witneſs, that it was a ſhamefull matter, and not to be ſuftered, that they ſhould in that ſorr
Daughter of make havock of the Empire of RomE, by ſuch horrible bawdy matches, diſtributing among them-
_ ſelves through thoſe wicked marriages, the Governments of the Provinces, and of great Armies,
Chalphurnizs Bibulus, fellow-Confull with Ceſar, perceiving that he did contend in vain, making
all the reſiſtance he could to withſtand this Law, and that oftentimes he was in danger to be {lain with
Cato, in the Market-place and Aſſembly , he kept cloſe in his Houſe all the reſt of his Conſulſhip,
Pompey by When Pompey had married Julia, he filled all the Market-place with Souldiers, and by open force au-
force of arms thorized the Laws which Ceſar made in the behalf of the People. Furthermore, he procured that
aurhorized C#- Ceſar had GAUL on this fide and beyond the Alpes, and all 1:1 ys14, with four Legions grant-
ſars Laws. «q*him for five years. Then Cato ſtanding up to ſpeak againſt it, Ceſar bade his Officers lay hold
ay ar ce on him, and carry him to priſon, thinking he would have appealed unto the Tribunes, But Caro ſaid
: never a word when-he went his way. Ceſar perceiving then, that not onely the Senators and No-
bility were offended, but that the common People alſo for the reverence they bare unto Cato's ver-
rues, were aſhamed, and went away with filence, be himſelf ſecretly did pray one of the Tribunes
that he would take Cato from the Officers. But after he had played this part, there were few Sena-
tors that would be Preſident of the Senate under him, but left the Ciry, becauſe they could not awa
with his doings. And of them, there was an old man called Conſidszs, that on a time boldly told him,
the reſt durſt not come to Council, becauſe they were afraid of his Souldiers. Ceſar aniwered him
again ; and why then doeſt not thou keep thee at home, for the ſame fear ? Conſidizes replied, be-
cauſe my age takerh away fear from me : for having lo ſhort a time to live, I have no care to pro-
long it further, The ſhamefulleſt part that Ceſar played while he was Conſul, ſeemeth to be this ;
when he choſe P. Clodizs Tribune of the People, that had offered his Wife ſuch diſhonour, an4 pro-
Caſar by Clo» phaned the holy ancient Myſteries of the Women, which were celebrated in his own Houſe, C/odi-
dins, drave Ci- x ſued to be Tribune to no other end, but to deſtroy Cicero ; and Ceſars ſelf alſo departed not from
cero outot Italy Rx to his Army before he had ſet them together by the ears, and driven Cicero out of ITaLy.
* All theſe things they ſay hedid, before the Wars with the Gaurs. But the time of the great
ome Armies and Conqueſts he made afterwards, and of the War in which: he ſubdued all the Gaurs
Skilfull Cap- (entring into another courſe of life far contrary unto the firſt) made him to be known for as vali-
tain, ant a Souldier, and as excellent a Captain to lead them, as thoſe that afore him had been counted the
wiſeſt and moſt valiant Generals that ever were, and that by their valiant deeds had atchicved great ho-
nour. For whoſoever would compare the Houſe of the Fabians, of the Scipioes, of the Metellians.
yea thoſe alſo of his own time, or long betore him, as Sylla, Marin, the two Lucullians, and Pom-
pey'sſelf:
Whoſe fame aſcendeth up unto the Heavens,
It will appear that Cſars proweſs, and deeds of Arms, did excell them all together. The one, in
the hard Countreys where he made Wars : another, in enlarging the Realms and Countreys which he
joyned unto the Empire of Roms : another, in the multitude and power of his Enemies whom he over-
came : another in the rudeneſs and auſtere nature of men with whom he had to do, whoſe manners af-
terwards he ſoftned and made civil : another, in courteſte and clemency which he nſed unto them whom
he had conquered : another, in great bounty and liberality beſtowed unto them that ſerved under him
in thoſe Wars : and in fine, he excelled them all in the number of Battles he had fought, and in the
Caeſars Con- multitude of his Enemies he had ſlain in Battle, For in leſs then ten years War in Gaur, he took by
quelts in Gaul. force and affault above eight hundred Towns, he conquered three hundred ſeveral Nations : and having
before him in Battle thirty hundred thouſand Souldiers, at ſundry times, he flew ten hundred thouſand
The love ans Of them, and took as many more Priſoners, Furthermore, he was ſo entirely beloved of his Souldi-
reſpe& of Ce- ers, that to do him ſervice (where otherwiſe they were no more then other men in any private quar-
ſars Souldiers rell) if Ceſars honour were touched, they were invincible, and would ſo deſperately venture them-
unco him. ſelves, and with ſuch fury, that no man was able to abide them. And this appeareth plainly by the
The wonderfull example of «4cilius: who in a Battle by Sea before the Ciry of MaxSEILLEs, boarding one of
valiancneſs of his Enemies Ships, one cut off his right hand with a Sword , but yet he forſook not his Target
Acilius, Caſſius which he had in his left hand, but thruſt it in his Enemies faces, and made them fly, ſo that he
Sceva, and di- yan their Ship from them. And Caſſizs Sceva alſo, in a Confli& before the City of Dyzracni-
xr fy uM, having one of his eyes put out with an Arrow, his ſhoulder ſtricken through with a Dart, and
ors. | his thigh with another, and having received thirty Arrows upon his Shield, he called to his Enemies,
and made as though he would yield unto them. But when two of them came running to him, he
clave one of their ſhoulders from his body with his Sword, and hurt the other in the face : ſo that
he made him turn his back, and at the length ſaved himſelf, by means of his Companions
that came to help him. And'in Britain alſo , when the Captains of the Bands were
driven into a Marſh or Bogge full of mire and dirt, and that the Enemies did fiercely affail
them there, - (ſar then ſtanding to view the Battle, he ſaw a private Squldier of his thruſt in _
the
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the Captains, and fought ſo valiantly in their defence, that at the length he drave the barbarous
People to fly, and by his means ſaved the Captains, which otherwiſe were in great danger to have
been caſt away. Then this Souldier being the hindmoſt man of all che Captains , marching with
great pain through the mire and dirt, half ſiwimming, and half on foot , in the end got to the 0-
ther ſide, but left his Shield behind him. {'2/ar wondering at his noble courage, ranto him with
joy to embrace him. But the poor Souldier hanging down his head, the water ſtanding in his eyes,
fell down at Ceſar's feet, and beſought him to pardon him, for that he had left his Target behind
him. And in AFR1c« alſo, Scrpo having taken one of Ceſar's Ships, and Granins Petronins Grmius Pe.
aboard on her amongſt other, not long before choſen Treaſurer , he put all the reft to the Sword tronius,
but him, and ſaid he would give him his life, But Perronixs aniwered him again, that Ceſars Soul-
diers did not uſe to have their lives given them, but ro give others their lives : and with theſe words
he drew his Sword, and thruſt himſelf through. Now Ceſars ſelf did breed this noble courage
and life in them, Firſt, for that he gave them bountitully , and did honour them alſo , ſhewing
thereby, that he did not heap up Riches in the Wars, to maintain his life aiterwards in wanton-
neſs and pleaſure, but thar he did keep it in ſtore, honourably to reward their valiant ſervice : and
that by ſo much he thought himſelt rich, by how much he was liberal in rewarding of them that
had deſerved it. Furthermore, they did not wonder ſo much at his valiantneſs, in putting himſelf
at every inſtant in ſuch manifeſt danger, and in taking ſo extream pains as he did, knowing that
it was his greedy defire of honour that fer him on fire, and pricked him forward to do it : bur that
he always continued all labour and hardneſs, more then his body could-bear, that filled chem all
with admiration. For, concerning the conſtitution of his body, he was lean, white, and ſoft skin-
ned, and often ſubjet to head-ach, and other while ro the falling-fickneſs ( the which rook him cx had the
the firſt time, as it is reported, in CORDuBA , a City of SPAIN : ) but yet theretore yielded falling fickneſs
not to the diſeaſe of his body, to make ir a cloak to cheriſh him withall, but contrarily, took the
pains of War, as a Medicine to cure his fick body , fighting alwaies with his diſeaſe , travelling
continually, living ſoberly, and commonly lying abroad in the Field. For the moſt nights he lepr
in his Coach or Litter, and thereby beſtowed his reſt, to make him alwaies able todo ſomething :
and in the day time, he would travell up and down the Countrey to fee Towns , Caſtles, and
ſtrong places. He had alwaies a Secretary with him in the Coach, who did ſtill write as he went by
the way, and a Souldier behind him that carried his Sword. He made ſuch ſpeed the firſt time he
came from ROME, when he had his Office, that in eight days he came to the River of Rhone.
He was ſo excellent a rider of Horſe irom his youth, that holding his hands behind him, he would
gallop his Horſe upon the ſpur. In his Wars in Gaur , he did further exerciſe himſelf ro
indite Letters as he rode by the way, and did occupy two Secretaries at once with as muchas they
could write ; and as Oppizs writeth, more then two at a time. And it is reported, that Ceſar was
the firſt that deviſed friends might talk rogether by writing Cyphers in Letters, when he had no
leiſure to ſpeak with them for his urgent buſineſs, and for the great diſtance befides from ROMs,
How little account {ſar made of his Diet, this example doth prove it. {z/ar ſnpping one night The cempe-
in MILLAIN with his friend Yalerixs Leo, there was ſerved Sperage to his Board, and oyl of ance of Ceſar
Perfume put into it, inſtead of Saller-oyl. He ſimply eat ir, and found no fault , blaming bis is Ger.
friends that were offended : and told them, that ic had been enough for them to have abſtained to © eſars civility
eat of that they miſliked, and not to ſhame their friend, and how that he lacked good manners nor to blame
that found fault with his friend. Another time as he travelled through the Countrey, he was dri- his friend:
ven by foul weather on the ſudden to take a poor mans Cottage , thar had but one little Cabin
in it, and that was ſo narrow, that one man could but ſcarce lie in it. Then he faid to his friends
that were about him, Greateſt rooms are meeteſt for greateſt men, and the moſt neceſſary rooms
for the ſickeſt perſons, And thereupon he cauſed Oppixcs that was fick to lie there all night : and
he himſelf, with the reſt of his friends, lay without doors, under the eafing of the Houſe. The
firſt War that Ceſar made with the Gaurts, was with the HEeLveTIans and T1Gur1-
NIANS, who having fer fire on all their good Cities, to the number of twelve, and four hundred
Villages beſides, came to invade that part of Gaur which was ſubje&t to the Romans, as the
CimBR1 and TeutONs had done before, unto whom for valiantneſs they gave no place: and
they were alſo a great number of them (for they were three hundred thouſand ſouls in all) where-
of there were an hundred fourſcore and ten thouſand fighting men. Of thoſe, it was not {aſar The Tigurini-
himſelf that overcame the T1GurxiNians , but Labienus bis Lieutenant, that overthrew them «ns ſlain by
by the River of Arax. But the HzeLvet1ans themſelves came ſuddenly with their Army to proce
ſet upon him, as he was going towards a Ciry of his Confederates. Ceſar perceiving that, made '
haſt to get him ſome place of ſtrength, and there did ſer his men in Battle-ray. When one brought
him his Horſe to get upon, which he uſed in Battle, he ſaid unto them : When I have overcome Ceſar refuſed
mine” Enemies, I will then get upon him to follow the chaſe, but now let us give them Charge. his Horſewhen
Therewith he. marched forward on foot, and gave charge : and there fought it out along time,, be- = _ L
fore he could make them fly that were in Battle. Bur the greateſt trouble be had, was to diſtreſs "Te:
their Camp, and to break their ſtrength which they had made with their Carts. For there, they ,,,,,.....
that before had fled from the Battle, did not onely put themſelves in force, and _ fought gain by Ceſer.
it out : but their Wives and Children alſo fighting for their lives to the death, were all lain, and
the Battle was ſcant ended at midnight. Now if the a# of this YiRtory was famous, unto =
Eee 2 e
n
Se ten i +
"FULIVS CAES4
—— —— —
598
” ——— —
he alſo added another as notable, or exceeding it. For of all the barbarous People that had eſcaped
from this Battle, he gathered together again above an hundred thouſand of them, and compelled
them to return home into their Countrey which they had forſaken , and unto their Towns alſo
Rheynus ff. Which they had burnt : becauſe he feared-the Gzx mans would come over the River of Rheyne,
Ceſar made and occupy that Countrey lying void. The ſecond War he made, was in defence of the G aur s
War with King againſt the GERMANS : although before, he himſelf had cauſed Arioviſtus their King, to be re-
Arjoviſtus. ceived for a Confederate of the Romans. Notwithſtanding , they were grown very unquier
Neighbours, and it appeared plainly, that having any occaſion offered them to enlarge their Terri-
tories, they would not content them with their own, bur meant to invade and poſſeſs the reſt of
Gaur. Ceſar perceiving that ſome of-his Captains trembled for fear , but ſpecially the young
Gentlemen of noble Houſes of Romt,-who thought to have gone ro the Wars with him, as onely
for their pleaſure and gain, he called chem ro Council , and commanded them that were afraid ;
that they ſhould depart home, and not put themſelves in danger againſt their wills, fith they had
ſuch womaniſh faint hearts, to ſhrink when he had need of them. And for himſelf, he faid, be
would ſer upon the barbarous People, though he had left him hut the tenth Legion onely, ſaying thar
the Enemies were no valianter then the C1MmBR1 had been, nor that he was a Captain inferiour
unto eFſarius. This Oration being made, the Souldiers of the tenth Legion ſent their Lieutenants
unto him, to thank him for the good opinion he had of them: and the other Legions alſo fell our
with their Captains, and all of them rogerher followed him many days Journey with good will to
ſerve him, untill they came within two hundred furlongs of the Camp of the Enemies. eArio-
viſtus courage was well cooled, when he ſaw Ceſar was come, and that the Romans came to
ſeek out the GERMANS ; where they thought, and made account, that they durſt not have
abidden them : and theretore nothing miſtruſting it would have come ſo to paſs, he wondered
The wiſe wo= much at Ceſars courage, and the more when he ſaw his own Army in a maze withall. But much
"men of Germz- more did their courage fall, by reaſon of the fooliſh Womens Propheſtes they had amongſt them,
Fe bow they which did foretell things to come : who conſidering the waves and trouble of the Rivers, and
id foretel| . ;
things to come. *ÞE terrible noiſe they made running down the ſtream, did fore-warn them not to fight untill
the new Moon, {ſar having intelligence thereof , and perceiving that the barbarous People
thereupon ſtirred nor, thought it beſt then to ſer upon them, being diſcouraged with the ſuperſti-
tious tear, rather then loſing time, he ſhould tarry their leiſure, So he did skirmiſh with chem
even to their Forts, and little Hills where they lay, and by this means provoked them ſo , thar
with great fury they came down to fight. There he overcame them in Battle , and followed
them in chaſe, with great (laughter, three hundred furlongs, even unto the River of Rheyne : and
King Ariovi- be filled all the Fields thitherto with dead Bodies and Spoils. Howbeit eArioviſtus flying with
ſtus over- ſpeed, got over the River of Rheyne, and eſcaped with a few of his men, It is faid that there
thrown by Cz» were (lain fourſcore thouſand perſons at this Battle. After this Exploit , {ſar left his Army
Jar. ' amongſt the SeqQuaNEs to winter there : and he himſelf in the- mean rime, thinking of the at-
fairs at ROME , went over the Mountains into Gaur about the River of Po , being part of
his Province which he had in charge. For there the River called Rubicon, divideth the reft of IT a-
LY from Gaur on this fide of the Alpes. Ceſar lying there, did prattiſe to make friends in
Roms, becauſe many came thither to ſee him : unto whom he granted their ſuits they demanded,
and ſent them home alſo, partly with liberall rewards, and partly with large promiſes and hope.
Now during all this Conqueſt of the Gaurs, Pompey did not conlider how Ceſar enterchange-
ably did conquer the Gaurs with the Weapons of the Romans, and wan the Romans
again with the Money of the Gaurs. Ceſar being advertiſed that the BeL.Gz ( which were
the warlikeſt men of all the Gaurs, and that occupied the third part of Gaur ) were all up
in Arms, and had raiſed a great power of men together : he ſtraight made towards them with
all poſſible ſpeed , and found them ſpoiling and over-running the Countrey of the Gaurs ,
their Neighbours and Confederates of the Romans. So he gave them Battle, and they fight-
The Belge 0. 1g cowardly, he overthrew the moſt part of them, which were in a Troop together , and flew
Bs fuch a number of them, that the Romans paſſed over deep Rivers and Lakes on foot , upon
Caſar. their dead bodies, the Rivers were ſo full of them. After this overthrow, they that dwelt near-
eſt unto the Sea fide, and were next neighbours unto the Ocean, did yield themſelves without
Nervii the - any compulſion or fight : whereupon, he led his Army againft the Nzxvians, the ſtouteſt
——_ Warriers of all the Bz:G6&. They dwelling in the Wood-Countrey, had conveyed their Wives,
Belge, = Children, and Goods, into a marvellous great Foreſt , as far from their Enemies as they could ,
| and being about the number of fixſcore thouſand fighting men and more , they came one day
and fer upon Ceſar, when his Army was out of order, and fortifying of his Camp, little looking
ro have fought that day. At the firſt Charge, they brake the Horſemen of the Romans , and
compaſling in the twelfth and ſeventh Legion, they flew all the Centurions and Captains of the
, Bands, And had not Ceſars ſelf taken his Shield on his arm, and flying in amongft the barbarous
People, madealane through them that fought before him : and the tenth Legion alſo ſeeing him
in- danger, run unto him from the top of the Hill where they ſtood in Battle, and broken the Ranks
of their Enemies, there had not a Roman eſcaped alive that day. But taking example of Ce-
The Nervzz J#rs valiantneſs, they fought deſperately beyond their power, and yet could not make the Nzr-
flain by Ceſc. VIANs fly, bur they fought ic out to the death, till they were all in a manner Main in the Field. It
is
|
:
- OO OY es ERC EIT” 6 EIT TIT "AOACSS =. hoS2 :. * 6A. nd
FULIUS CAESAR. Fry
is written, that of threefcore thouſand fighting men, there eſcaped onely but five hunndred : and of
four hundred Gentlemen and Counſellors of the Rom a Ns, but three ſaved. The Senate under-
ſtanding ir at Rome, ordained that they ſhould do Sacrifice unto the gods, and keep Feaſts and (6-
lemn' Proceſlions fitteen days together without intermiſſion, having never made the like Ordinance
at Rowe, for any Victory that ever was obtained, Becauſe they ſaw the danger had been marvel-
lous great, ſo many Nations riſing as they did in Arms together againſt him : and further; the love
of the People unto him made his Victory much more famous. For when Ceſar had fer his affairs ar
a ſtay in Gaur, on the other fide of the Alpes, he alwaies uſed ro lie about the River of Po in the
Winter time, to give direCtion for the eſtabliſhing of things at Rowe, at his pleaſure. For, nor
onely they that made ſuir for Offices at Rome, were cholen Magiſtrates by means of Cſars Mo-
ney which he gave them, with the which, bribing the People, they bought their voices, and when
they were in Office, did all that they could to increaſe Ceſars power and greatneſs : bur the greateſt
and chiefeſt men alſo of the Nobility, went into Luca unto him, As Pompey, Craſſm, eAPpins, The great
Prztor of SARDINIA, and Nepos Proconſul in Spa1n, Inſomuch as there were at one time, E9rds of Rowe
ſixſcore Serjeants carrying k ods and Axes before the Magiſtrates : and above two hundred Senators is Cab —
beſides. There they fell in Conſultation, and determined that Pompey and Crafſ ſhould again be a
choſen Conſuls the next year following. Furthermore they did appoint, that Ceſar ſhould have
Money again delivered him to pay his Army , and befides, did prorogue the time of his Govern-
ment hve years further. This was thought a very ſtrange and an unreaſonable matter unto unwiſe men,
For they themſelves that had taken ſo much Money ot Cz/ar, perilwaded the Senateroler him have
Money of the common Treaſure, as though he had had none before : yea to ſpeak more plainly,
they compelled the Senate unto it, ſighing and lamenting to ſee the Decrees they paſſed, Caro was
not there then, for they had purpoſcly ſent him before into Cyexus, Howbeit Faonizs that fol-
lowed Cato's ſteps, when he ſaw that he could not prevail, nor withſtand them, he went out of the
Senate in choler, and cried ont amongſt the People, that ir. was a horrible ſhame. But no man did
hearken to him : ſome for the reverence they bare unto Pompey and Craſſus ;, and others favouring
Ceſars proceedings, did put all their hope and truſt in him : and therefore did quiet themſelves, and
ſtirred not, Then {ſar returning into Gaut beyond the Alpes unto his Army, found there a
grear War in the Countrey. For two great Nations of Germany had not long before paſſed
over the River of RH4tyNE, to conquer new Lands : and the one of theſe People were called 1pzs, pcs and Tente-
and the other TxNTER1DEs, Now touching the Battle which Ceſar fought with them, he him- 774e1, Peop's
ſelf doth deſcribe it in his Commentaries, in this ſort. That the barbarous People having ſent Am- * G99:
baſſadors unto him, to require peace for a, certain time, they notwithſtanding, againſt the Law
of Arms, came and ſet upon him as he travelled by the way, inſomuch as eight hundred of their
men of Arms, overthrew five thouſand of his Horſemen; who nothing at all miſtruſted their co-
ming. Again, that they ſent him other Ambaſſadors ro mock him once more : bur that he kept wn. 9 Aeg
them, and therewith cauſed his whole Army to march againſt them, thinking it a folly and madneſs, fight
to keep faith with ſuch traiterous barbarous breakers of Leagues. Canutizs writeth , that the Se- ;
nate appointing again to do new Sacrifices, Froceſſions and Feaſts, to give thanks to the gods for
this Victory, (aro was of contrary opinion, that Ceſar ſhould be delivered into the hands of the
barbarous People, for to purge their City and Commonweal of this breach of faith, and ro turn
the curſe upon him that was the Authour of it. Of theſe barbarous People, which came over the
RHEyY NE (being about the number of four hundred thouſand perſons) they were all in a manner ſlain, The wr and
ſaving a very few of them, that flying from the Battle got over the River of RyzyNs again, who CR _
were received by the SicaMBRIANS, another People of the GzernMans. («ſar taking this $;,ambr; , a
occaſion againſt them, lacking no good will of himſelf beſides, tro have the honour to be counted People of the
the firſt Row a v that ever paſſed the River of R#sy NE with an Army, he built a Bridge over it. Germans.
This River is marvellous broad, and runneth with” gteat fury ; and in that place ſpecially where he c- =
built his Bridge, for there itis of a great breadth from one fide to the other : and it hath ſo ſtrong Riv. of
and ſwift a ſtream beſides, that men caſting down great bodies of Trees into the River (which the Kheyne.
ſtream bringeth down with it) did with the great blows and force thereof marvellouſly ſhake the
poſts of the Bridge he had ſet up. Bur to prevent the blows of thoſe Trees, and alſo to break the
fury of the ſtream, he made a pile of great Wood above the Bridge a good way, and did forcibly
ram them into the bottom of the River ; ſo that in ten days ſpace he had fer up and finiſhe his
Bridge, of the goodlieft Carpenters work, and moſt excellent invention to ſee to , that could be
poſlibly thought or deviſed, Then paſſing over his Army upon it, he found none that durſt any
more fight with kim. For the Swzvians, which were the warlikeſt People of all Gzrma xy,
had gotten themſelves with their Goods into wonderfull great Valleys and Boggs, full of Woods
and Foreſts, Now when he had burnt all the (Zountrey of his Enemies, and confirmed a League
with the Confederates of the Romans , he returned back again into Gaur after he had
tarried eighteen days at the moſt in Gzx many, on the other fide of the RueyNt. The Jour-
ney he made alſo into ENGLAND was a noble Enterprize, and very commendable. For he was the Ceſzrs Journey
firſt that ſailed the Weſt Ocean with an Army by Sea, and thar' paſſed through the Sea Aclanticum into England:
with his Army, to make War in that ſo great and famous Ifland (which many ancient Writers
would not believe that it was ſo indeed, and did make them vary about it, ſaying it was but atable
and a lie ) and was the firſt that enlarged the Rowan Empire , beyond the Earth —
Eee 3 or
bY al
ELDEETEH 2 we
For twice he paſſed over the narrow Sea againſt the firm Land,of Gaur, and fighting many ,Bat”
tles there, did hurt his Enemies moe then inrich his. own men : becauſe of men hardly brought up,
and poor, there was nothing to be gotten, Whereupon the War had no ſuch Crcebs as he :look-
ed for, and therefore taking pledges onely of the King, and impoſing a yearly Tribute ypon.. him,
to be payed unto the People of Rome, he returned again into Gaur. There he was no ſooner
The death of landed, but he found Letters ready to be ſent over the Sea unto him ; in the which he was adverti-
Fulius Ceſars ſed fromRome, of the death of his Daughter, that ſhe was dead with child by Pompey. For the
Daughter. which Pompey, and Ceſar both, were maryellons ſorrowfull : and their friends mournedallo, thinking
that this alliance which maintained the Commonwealth (that otherwiſe was very tickle) in good peace
and concord, was now ſevered, and broken aſunder , and the rather likely, becauſe the chill liven not
long after the Mother. So the common People at 'RomEz rook the Corps of Zalia, in deſpight of
the Tribunes, and buried it inthe Field of ars. Now Ceſar being driven to divide his Army
The rebellion (cat was very great) in ſundry Garriſons for- the Winter time, and returning again into ITAL y
of the Gauls, as he was wont, all Gaur rebelled again, and had raiſed great Armies in eyery. Quarter to ſer
upon the RomaNs, and to aſlay if they could diſtreſs their Forts where. they lay in .Garriſon.
The greateſt number and moſt warlick men of theſe Gaurs, that entred into aCtion of rebellion,
were led by one Ambiorix : and firſt did ſet upon the Garriſons of Corra and 7iturizs, whom they
Cottzand Tim. flew, and all. the Souldiers they had about them. Then they went with threeſcore-thouſand. fight-
rius: withtheir ing men, to beſiege the Garriſon which Quins Cieero had in his charge, and had almoſt taken
Army flain. them by force, becauſe all the Souldiers were every .man of them hurt: but they 'were fo valiant
and couragious, that they did more then men (as they ſay) in defending of themſelves. Theſe news
' being come to Ceſar, who was far from thence at that time, he returned with all: poſlible ſpeed,
and Jeavying ſeven thouſand Souldiers, made haſte ro help Cicero, that was in.ſuch diſtreſs. The
Gaurs that did befiege Cicero, underſtanding of Ceſar; coming, raiſed their Siege incontinently,
to go and meet him : making account that- he was but a handtull in their hands, ' they were {o
few. Ceſar to deceive them, ſtill drew back, and made as though he fled from them, lodging
in places meet for a Captain that had but a tew, to fight with a great number of his Enemies:
and commanded his men in no wiſe to ſtir out to skirmiſh with them , \but compelled them to
raiſe up the Rampiers of his Camp, and to fortifie the Gates, as men that were afraid, becaulc
the Enemies ſhould the leſs efteem of them : untill at the length he took opportnity, by their diſ-
| orderly coming to afſail the Trenches of his Camp, (they were grown to ſych a preſympty-
Ceſar flew the gus boldneſs and brayery )- and then fallying out upon them, he pot them all x6. flight, with
ny Tod by ſlaughter of a great number of. chem, This did ſuppreſs all the _ rebellions of the Gaur.s ig
” a parts, and furthermore he himſelf in perſon went in the middeft of Winter thither, where
he heard they did rebell, for that there was come a new ſupply out of ITALy of three whole Le-
* Sions, in their room which he had loft : of the which, two of them Pompey lenthim, and the 0-
ther Legion he himſelf had levyed in Gaur about the River Po. During theſe ſtirs, brake forth
The ſecond re- the beginning of the out and moſt dangerous War that he had in Gauz, the which had
bellion of the heen ſecretly practiſed of long time by the chiefeſt and moſt Warlike People of that Coun-
—_ againlt rrey, Who Pad levied a wonderfull great Power. For every where they levied multicudes of
Wo men, and great Riches beſides, to fortifie their ſtrong Holds. Furthermore, the Countrey where
they roſe, was very, ill to come unto, and ſpecially .at that tire, being Winter, when the Rivers
- were frozen, the Woods and Foreſts covered with Snow , the Meadows drowned with Flouds,
and the Fields ſo deep of Snow, that no ways were to be found, neither the Marſhes nor Rivers
| to be diſcerned, all was ſo overtlown and drowned with water : all which troubles together were
CR enough (as they thought) to keep (7 «ſar from ſetti upon the Rebels. Many Nations of the
= pe GauLs were -of this Conſpiracy, but two of the, chiefeſt were the Agvernians and Car-
Ceſar. © > NUTES : who had choſen Yercingentorsx for their Ljeutenant-General, whoſe Father the G a urs
* Some ſay, © before had put to. death, becauſe they thought he aſpired ro make himſelf King. This Vercingen-
thar in this' © 7,,;: dividing his Army into divers parts, and appointing divers Captains over them, had gotten
plvcy owe to take his part, all the People and Countreys thereabouts, even as far ey that dwell towards
Greek, we the Sea * Adriatick, having further determined (underſtanding that Rome id conſpire againſt
Toy "Aezciy, (ſar) to make all Gaur riſe in Arms againſt wyg's So that if he had but tarried a little lon-
which is ro ger, untill Ceſar had entred into his Civil Wars, he had putall TT 4 Ly in as great fear and dan-
ſay, the River per, as it was when the CiMBR1 did come and inyade them. But {e/ar, that was yaliant in all
of Soane, aſſayes and dangers of War, and that was very silfull to take pime wo opportunity, ſo ſoon as
he underſtoud the news of this Rebellion . he departed with rag nc returned back the ſelf-
ſame way which he had gone, mojnng the barbarous People know, that they ſhould deal with an
Army invincible, and. which they could not poſlibly withſtand, conſidering the great ſpeed he had
made with the ſame, in ſo ſharp and hard a Winter, For where they would not poſlibly have
believed, that a Poft or Currier: could have come in ſo ſhgrt a time from the place where he was,
ypto them, they wondred when they ſaw bim burning and deſtroying the Countrey, the Towns
and ſtrong Forts where he came with, his Army, taking all tg mercy, that yielded unto. him : untill
The Heduj re- ſuch time as the HEpprt took Axms, againft him, who before were wont to be called the brethren
bel againſt the of the Roa Ns , and were greatly honoured of them. Wherefore: Ceſars men, when they un-
Romans. derſtood that they had joined with, the Rebels, they were marveljogſly ſorry, and half Gcournged
. thereupon,
. a
x
WH
Ss *
þ” 4
7
»
I——— — — —
VLIVS CESAR. 6di
re es et ee te ens een
: - &
»
— ————— —
thereupon. C far departing from thoſe parts, went through the Countrey of the Lixcoxes,
to enter the Countrey of the * BukGoNI1ANs, who were Confederates of the Romans, and * Sequel
the neareſt unto IT a Ly on that fige, in reſpect of all the reſt of Gaurt. Thither the Enemies :
came to ſer yponhim, and tg environ him gn all ſides, with an infinite number of thouſands of fight-
ing men. (eſ#r 9n the other ſide tarried their coming, and fighting with them a long time, he
made them ſo afraid of him, that at length he overcame the barbarous People. Bur at the firſt, ir m_
ſeemeth notwithſtanding, that he had received ſame overthrow ; for the AxveRnians ſhewed overthrown by
a Sword banging up in one of their Temples, which they ſaid they had won from Ceſar. Inſo- Ceſar.
much as C/grs (e}f coming that way by occaſion, ſaw it , and fell a laughing at it. But ſome of his
friends going about to take it away, be would not ſuffer them, but bad them let it. alone, and touch
it not, tor it waz an holy thing. Notwithſtanding, ſuch as at the firſt had ſaved themſelves by fiy-
ing, the moſt pars of them were-gotren with their King into the City of Arex1a, the which Ca- _- _
far went and beſieged, although u ſeemed inexpugnable, both for the height of the Walls, as alſo boars, of
tor the multjtude.gf Souldjers they had ro defend it. But now during this Siege, he fell into a mar- __
vellous great danger withour, almoſt incredible. For an Army of three hundred thouſand fighting Caſars _
men, of the beſt men that were among all the Nations of the GauLs, came againſt him being ar 224 wile policy
the Siege of ALE X14, beſides them that were within the Cizy, which amounted to the number of
threeſcore and tep thouſand fighting men at the leaſt : ſo chat perceiving he was ſhut in berwixt two
ſo great Armies,, he wasdriven to fortifte himſelf with two Walls, the one againſt them of the City,
=p the other againſt them without, For if thoſe rwo Armies had joyned together, Ceſar had been Ceſars great.
utterly zundone. And therefore this Siege of ALEx14, and the Battle he wan before ir, did de- Mea, at Ao
ſeryedly win him moxe Honour and Fame then any other. For there, in that inſtant and extream
danger, he ſhewed more valiantneſs and wiſdom then he did in any Battle he fought before. Bur
what a wondertull thing was this? that they of the Ciry never heard any thing of them that came
ro aid them, untill Ceſar had overthrown them : and turthermore , that the Romans themſelves
which kept Watch upon the Wall that was built againſt the City, knew alſo no more of it then they,
untill it was doge, and that they heard the cries and lamentations of men and women in ALEx1a,
when they perceived on the other ſide of the Ciry, ſuch a number of glittering Shields of Gold and
Silyer, ſuch ſtore of bloody Corllets and Armours, ſuch a deal of Plate and Moveables, and ſuch a
number of Tents and Pavillions after the faſhion of the Gaur's, ' which the Roma xs had got-
ten of their Spoils in their Camp. Thus ſuddenly was this great Army vaniſhed, as a Dream or
Viſion : where the moſt part of them were ſlain that day in Battle, Furthermore, after that they
within the City of AL x14 had 'done great burtto C-ſar and themſelves alſo, in the end they all 4,,,;, ,:11.
yielded themſelves. And- Yercingentorix (he that was their King and Caprain in all this War) up to Caſar.
went out of the Gates excellently well armed, and his Horſe furn:thed with a rich C apariſon accord-
ingly, and rode round about Ceſar, who fate in his- Chair of State, Then lighting trom his Horſe,
he rook: off hjs Capariſon and Furniture, and unarmed himſelf, and laid all on the ground, and
went and ſate down at Ceſars feer, and ſaid never a word. $0 Ceſar atlength committed him as
a' Priſoner taken in the Wars, tg lead him afterwards in the Triumph of Roxz. Now Ceſar had
of long time determined to deſtroy Pompey, and Pompey him alſo, For Craſſxs being killed amongſt
the Pa& THIANS, who onely did ſee, that one of- them rwo muſt needs fall, nothing kept Ceſar
from hejng the greateſt perſon, but becauſe he deſtroyed not Pompey, that was the greater : neither ;
did any thing let Pompey to withſtand that it ſhould not come to paſs, but becauſe he did not firſt s i
overcome Ceſar, whom onely he feared. For till then, Pompey had not long feared him, but al- ,,q , =
waies before {et light by him, thinking it an eaſie matter for him to put him down when he would, and the cauſe
ſth he had brought bim to that greatneſs he was come unto. But Ceſar contrarily, having had that of the Civil
drift in hjs bead from the begiaring , like a Wreftſer that ſtudieth for tricks to overthrow his Ad- can a
verſary , he went far from Rows , to exerciſe himſelf in the Wars of Gaur, , where he did br 0 ——_
train his Army, and preſently by his valiant deeds did encreaſe his Fame and Honour , by theſe
means became Ceſar as famous as Pompey in bis doings, and Jacked no more to put his enterpriſe in
execution, bur ſome occaſions of colour, which Pompey partly gave kim, and partly alſo the time
delivered him, but chiefly the hard fortune and ill Government at that time of the Common-wealth
at Rows. For they that made ſuit for Honour and Offices, bought the voices of the People with The P-oples
ready Money, which they gave out openly to uſury, without ſhame or fear. Thereupon the com- voices boughe
mag People, that had ſold their voices for Money, came to the Market-place at the day of eleQion, * $9 _
to. fight, for 'him 'thar bad bired them : not with their voices, but with their Bows , Slings and "7"
Swords. $9 het the Affembly ſeldom rimes brake up, but the Pulpit for Orations was defiled and
ſprinkled with the blood of them that were lain in the Market-place, the City remaining all that
tine without Goyernment of Magiſtrate, like a Ship left without a P*Jor. Inſomuch as men ot
deep judgement: and diſcretion , ſeeing ſuch fury and madneſs of the People, rhought themſelves
happy if the. Commonwealth were no worſe troubled then with the abſolute ſtare of a Monarchy
and .Soveraigy; Lord 'to govern them. Furthermore, there were many that were not afraid ro
ſpeak it opeply'; that there was no other help to remedy the troubles of the Commonwealth,
byr þy the Authority of one man onely, that ſhould command them all: and char this Medicine 4
muſt be miniſtxed! by the hands of him, that was the gentleſt Phyſician, meaning covertly Pom-
pey. Now Pompey uſed many fine ſpeeches, making ſemblance as though he would none of Y
A
—M
+ Ja
FULIUS CASAR
Pompey gover-
ned Spain and
Africk.
Ceſar ſueth che
ſecond time to
be Conſul, and
to haye his Go-
vernmenrt pro-
rogued.
Caſar bribeth
the Magittrates
at Rome.
Pompey abuſed
by flatterers.
Caſars requeſt
unto the Se-
Nate.
and yet cunningly under-hand did lay all the irons in the fire he could, to bring it to paſs, that he
might be choſen DiRator. Cato finding the mark he ſhot at, and fearing left in the end the Peo-
ple ſhould be compelled to make him Dictator, he perſwaded the Senate rather to make him ſole
Conſull, that contenting himſelf with that more juſt and lawfull Government, he ſhould not coyer
the other unlawfull, The Senate following his counſell, did not onely make him Conſull, bur fur-
ther did prorogue his Government of the Provinces he had, For he had two Provinces , all
Spain and AFRicx, the which he governed by his Lieutenants : and further , he received
yearly of the common Treaſure to pay his Souldiers, a thouſand Talents. Hereupon Ceſar took
occaſion alſo to ſend his men to make ſuit in his name for the Conſulſhip, and alſo to have the CG o-
vernment of his Provinces prorogued. Pompey at the firſt held his peace, but Afarcelus and Len-
tulus (that otherwiſe hated Ceſar) withſtood them , and to ſhame and diſhonour him, had much
needleſs ſpeech in matters of weight. Furthermore, they took away the freedom from the Colo-
nies which Ceſar had lately brought unto the City of Novumcomium in Gaur towards Ir a -
LY, where Ceſar not long before had lodged them. And moreover, when Marce/ixs was Conſul,
he made one of the Senators in that City to be whipped with rods, who came to RoME about thoſe
matters : and ſaid, he gave him thoſe marks, that he ſhould know that he was no ROma Citizen,
and bade him go his way, and tell Ceſar of it. After Marcellus Conſulſhip, Ceſar ſetting open his
Coffers of the Treaſure he had gotten among the Gaur s, did frankly give it out amongſt the Ma-
giſtrates at Rome, without reſtraint or ſpare. Firſt, he ſet (rio the Tribune clean out of debt ;
and gave alſo unto Paul the Conſull a thouſand five hundred Talents , with which Money he built thar
notable Palace by the Market-place, called Pauls Bafilick, in the place of Fulvins Bafilick, Then
Pompey being atraid of this praQtice , began openly ro procure, both by himſelf and his friends,
that they ſhould ſend Ceſar a Succeſſor : and moreover, he ſent unto Ceſar for his two Legions of
men of War which he had lent him , for the conqueſt of Gaur. - (ſar ſent him them again,
and gaye every private Souldier two hundred and fiity filver Drachma's. Now, they that broughr
theſe rwo Legions back from Ceſar, gave out il] and feditious words againſt him among the People,
and did alſo abuſe Pompey with falſe perſwaſtons and vain hopes, informing him that he was marvel-
louſly deſired and wiſhed for in Ceſars Camp : and though in Roms, for the malice and ſecrer
ſpight which the Governours there did bear him, he could hardly obtain that he defired, yet in
Gaur he might afſure himſelf, that all the Army was at his commandment. They added fur-
ther alſo, that if the Souldiers there did once return over the Mountains again into ITALY, they
would all traight come to him, they did ſo hate Ceſar, becauſe he wearied them wich roo much la-
bour, and continual fight : and withall, for that they ſuſpeRed he aſpired to be King. Theſe words
breeding ſecurity in Pompey, and a vain conceit of himſelf, made him negligent in his doings, ſo
that he made no preparacion of War, as though he had no occaſion to be atraid : but onely ſtudied
to thwart Ceſar in ſpeech, and to croſs the ſuits he made. Howbeit Ceſar paſſed not of all this,
For the report went, that one of Ceſars Captains which was ſent to Rome to proſecute his Suit,
being at the Senate door, and hearing that they denied to prorogue Ceſars time of Government
which he ſued for, clapping his hand upon his Sword, he ſaid : Sith he will not grant it him, this ſhall
give it him, Notwithſtanding, the requeſts that Ceſar propounded, carried great ſemblance of rea-
{on with chem, For he ſaid, that he was contented to lay down Arms, ſo that Pompey did the
like: and that both of them as private perſons ſhould come and make ſuit of their Citizens to ob-
tain honourable recompence : declaring unto them, that taking Arms from him, and granting them
unto Pompey, they did wrongfully accule him in going abour to make himſelf a Tyrant, and in the
mean time to grant the other means to bea Tyrant. (rio making theſe offers and perſwaſions 0-
penly before the People, in the name of Ceſar, he was heard with great rejoycing and clapping of
hands, and there was ſome that caft Flowers and Noſegays upon him when he went his way, as they
commonly uſe to do unto any man, when he hath obtained victory , and wan the Games. Then
eAntonius one of the Tribunes, brought a Letter ſent from «ſar, and made it openly to be read in
deſpight of the Conſuls. But Sczpzo in the Senate, Pompgys Father-in-law, made this motion : that
if Ceſar did not diſmiſs his Army by a certain day appointed him, the Roma ns ſhould proclaim
him anenemy unto Rome. Then the Conſuls openly asked him in the preſence ofthe Senators, if they
thought it good that Pompey ſhould diſmiſs his Army : but few agreed to that demand. Afrer that
again they asked, if they liked that {{2/ar ſhould diſmiſs his Army : thereto they all in manner anſ-
wered yea, yea. But when eAntonizs requeſted again that both of - them ſhould as down Arms,
then they were all indifferently of his mind. Notwithſtanding, becauſe $c:pso did infolently behave
himſelf, and Marcellus alſo, who cried, that they muſt uſe force of Arms, and not mens opinion
againſt a Thief, the Senate roſe ſtraight upon it, without further. determination; and men changed
Apparell through the City becauſe of this difſention, as they uſe to do in a common calamity. Af-
ter that, there came other Letters from Ceſar, which ſeemed much more reaſonable : in the which
he requeſted that they would grant him Gaur , that lieth between the Mountains of the Alpes
and ITALY and ILLYR1a, with two Legions onely, and then that he would requeſt nothing elle ,
untill be made ſuit for the ſecond Conſulſhip. © Cicero the Orator, that was newlycome from the
Government of C1L1c1A, travelled to reconcile them together, and pacified Pompey the beſt he
could : whotold him he would yield to any thing he would have him, ſo he did let him alone with
his Army. So Cicero perſwaded Ceſars friends to be contented, to take thoſe two Provinces, yo
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"FULIUS CASA
603
ſix thouſand men onely, that they might-be at friends and at peace together. Pompey very willingly
yielded unto it, and granted chem. But Zentalus the Conſul would not agree to it, bur ſhamefully
drave Curio and Antonixs Out of the Senate : whereby they themſelves gave Ceſar a happy occaſion
and colour as could be, ſtirring up his Souldiers the more againſt them, when he ſhewed them theſe
two Noblemen and Tribunes of the People that were driven to fly, diſguiſed like Slaves in a Carri-
ers Cart, For they were driven for fear to ſteal out of ROME, diſguiſed in that manner. Now at
that time, Ce/.r had not in all about him above five thouſand Footmen, and three thouſand Horſe-
men : for the reſt of his Army, he left' on the other fide of the Mountains, to be brought after him
by his Lieutenants, So conſidering that for the execution of his Enterprize, he ſhould not need {0
many men of War at the firſt, bur rather ſuddenly ſtealing upon them, to make them afraid with
valiantneſs, taking benefit of the opportunity of time ; becauſe he ſhould more eaſily make his Ene-
mies afraid of him , coming ſo ſuddenly when they looked not for him, then he ſhould otherwiſe di-
ſtreſs them, aſſailing them with his whole Army, 1n giving them leiſure to provide further tor him :
he commanded his Captains and Lieutenants to go before, withour any other Armour then their
Swords, to take the City of Ag1Mm1num (a greatCity of Gaur, being the firſt City mencome
to, when they come out of Gaur) with as little bloodſhed and tumult, as they could poſlible.
Then committing that Force and Army he had with him, unto Hortenſixs one of his friends, he re-
mained a whole day together, openly in the fight of every man, to ſee the Sword-players handle their
Weapons before him, At night he went into his Lodging, and bathing his body a little, came after-
wardsintothe Hall amongſt them, and made merry a while with them, whom he had bidden to Sup-
per. Then when it was well forward night, and very dark, he roſe from the Table, and prayed
his company to be merry, and no man to ſtir, for he would ſtraight come to them again : howbeit
he had ſecretly before commanded a few of his truſtieſt friends ro follow him, nor all together,
but ſome one way , and ſome another way. He himſelf in the mean time took a C oach he
had hired, and made as though he would have gone ſome other way at the firſt, bur ſuddenly he
turned back again towards the Ciry of Ar1MmIinNun, When he was come unto the little Ri-
ver of Rus1coN, which divided G aur on this fide the Alpes fromITa ry, he ſtayed upon a ſud-
den. For, the nearer he came to execute his purpoſe, the more remorſe he had in his conſcience,
to think what an Enterprize he took in hand : and his thoughts alſo fell our more doubtfull,
when he entred into conſideration of the deſperateneſs of his attempt, So he fell into many
thoughts with himſelf, and ſpake never a word, waving ſometime one way , ſometime another
way, and oftentimes changed his determination-, contrary to himſelf, So did he talk mnch alſo
with his friends he had with him, amongſt whom was Aſi Polio, telling him what miſchiefs the
beginning of this paſſage over that River would breed in the World, and how much their Poſte-
rity and they that lived after*them , would ſpeak of ir in time ro come , bur at length caſting
from him wich a noble courage all choſe perillous thoughts ro come, and ſpeaking thele words which
valiant men commonly ſay, that attempt dangerous and deſperate Enterprizes : nan can be but
once undone, come on , he paſſed over the River, and when he was come over, he ran with his
Coach, and never ſtayed, ſo that before day-light he was within the City of A&1»1 Num, and took
it, Ir is faid, that the night before he paſſed over this 1+ iver, he dreamed a damnable Dream, that
he carnally knew his Mother, The City of ARr1x1 Nu being taken, and the rumour thereof dif-
perſed through all ITaLy, even as if it had been open War both by Sea and Land, and as if all
the Laws of Rome, together with the extream Bounds and Confines of the fame had been bro-
ken up : a man would have ſaid, that not onely the men and women for fear, as experience proved
at other times, but whole Cities themſelves leaving their Habirations, fled from one placeto another
through all ITALY. And ROME it ſelf alſo was immediately filled with the flowing repair of all
the People their neighbours thereabouts, which came thither from all parts like droves of Cattle,
that there was neither Officer nor Magiſtrate that could any more command them by Authority,
neither by any perſwaſion of reaſon bridle ſuch a confuſed and diſorderly multitude : fo that Rome
had in manner deſtroyed it ſelf for lack of rule and order. For in all places, men were of contrary
opinions, and there were dangerous ſtirs and tumults every where, becauſe they that were glad of
this trouble, could keep in no certain place, but running up and down the City, when they
met with others in divers places, that ſeemed either to be afraid or angry with this tumult (as 0-
therwiſe ir is impoſſible in ſo great a City) they flatly fell our with them, and boldly threarned
them with that that was to come. Pompey himſelf, who at that time was not a little amazed, was
yet much more troubled with the ill words ſome gave him on the one fide, and ſome on the other.
For ſome of them reproved him, and ſaid, that he had done wiſely, and had paid for his folly
becauſe he had made Ceſar ſo great and ſtrong againſt him and the Commonwealth. And other
again did blame him, becauſe he had refuſed the honeſt offers and reaſonable conditions of peace,
which Ceſar had offered him, ſuffering Lentulus the Conſull to abuſe him roo much. On the
other fide, Phaonins ſpake unto him , and bade him tamp on the ground with his foot : for
Pompey being one day in a bravery in the Senate, ſaid openly : Let no man take thought for pre-
paration of War, for when he lifted, with one ſtamp of his foot on the ground, he would fill
all ITALy with Souldiers, This notwithſtanding, Pompey at that time had a greater number of
Souldiers then Ceſar : but they would never let him follow his own determination. For they
brought him ſo many lies, and put ſo many examples of fear before him, as if Ceſar _ _
already
Antonius and
Curio Tribunes
of the P.ople,
fly from Rome
to Caſar,
Cxſars doubr-
full thoughts
at the River of
Rubicon,
lhe Greeks
uſe this phraſe
cf ſpeech; Caſt
the Die.
C4ſar took the
City of Arimi-
num.
Caeſars damna-
ble Dream.
Rome in uprore
with Ceſar
coming.
"a ve,
#, © + bad i,
os
« fFOLivsS (EAN
already at their heels, and had won all: ſo that in the end he yielded unto them, and gave place |
to their fury and madneſs, determining (ſeeing all things in fuch tumylt and garboil) that there
was no way but to forſake the City, and thereupon commanded the Senate to follow him, and not a
Pompey flieth an to tarry there, unleſs he loved: Tyranny more then his own Liberty and the Commonwealth.
Thus the Conſuls themſelves, before they had done their common Sacrifices accuſtomed at their go-
ing out of the Ciry, fledevery man of them, So did likewiſe the moſt part of the Senators, taking
their own things in haſt, ſuch as came firſt ro hand, as if by ſtealth they had taken them from ano-
ther, And there were ſome of ther alſo that always loved Ceſar, whoſe wits were then ſo troubled,
and beſides themſelves with the fear they had conceived, that they alſo fled, and followed the trezm
of this tumult , without manifeſt cauſe or neceſſity, But above all things, it was a lamentable ſight
to ſee the City it ſelf, that in this fear and trouble was left at all adventure, as a.Ship toſſed in ſtorm
of Sea, forſaken of her Pilots, and deſpairing of her ſafery. This their departure being thus miſera-
ble, yet men eſteemed their baniſhment (for the love they bare unto Pompey) to be their natural
Labienus for- Countrey, and reckoned ROM no better then Ceſar's Camp. At that time alſo Labienus, who was
ſook Caſar,and gne of Ceſar's greateſt friends, and had been alwaies uſed as his Lieutenant in the Wars of G aur,
fled ro Pompey. 1nd had valiantly fought in his cauſe, he likewiſe forſook him then, and fled unto Pompey. Bur {e-
ſar ſent his Money and Carriage after him, and then went and encamped before the Ciry of Co F1-
N1uM, the which Domitizs Kept with thirty Cohorts or Enſigns. When Domitiu4 ſaw he was be-
fieged, he ſtraight thought himſelf but undone , and deſpairing of his ſucceſs, he bade a Phyſician,
a Slave of his, give him poyſon. The Phyſician gave him a drink which he drank, thinking to have
died. But ſhortly after, Domitius hearing them report what clemeney and wonderfull courteſie C #-
ſar uſed unto them he took, repented him then that he had drunk this drink, and began to lament
and bewail his deſperate reſolution taken to die. The Phyſician did comfort him again, and told
Domitius eſca- him that he had taken a drink, onely to make him ſleep, but not to deſtroy him. Then Domitius
ped from Cz- rejoyced, and went ſtraight and yielded himſelf unto {ſar ; who gave him his lite, bat he notwith-
ſar, and fled to ſtanding ſtole away immediately, and fled unto Pompey, When theſe news were brought to Rome,
A bl they did marvellouſly rejoyce and comfort them that Rill remained there ; and moreover there were
of them that had forſaken Rome, which returned thither again. In the mean time Ceſar did put
all Domitizs men in pay, and he did the like through all the Cities, where he had taken any Captains
that levied men for Pompey. Now Ceſar having aſſembled a great and dreadfull Power together,
Pompey fliech Went ſtraight where he thought ro find Pompey himſelf. But Pompey tarried not his coming, but
fled into the Ciry of BxunDus1um, from whence he had ſent the two Conſuls before with thac
Army he had, unto DyRRAacaium: and he himſelf alſo went thithex afterwards, when he un-
derſtood that Ceſar was come, as you ſhall hear more amply hereafter in his Life. Ceſar lacked
no good will to follow him, bur wanting Ships to take the Seas, he returned forthwith to Rome :
ſo that in leſs then threeſcore days he was Lord of all ItaLy, without any bloodſhed. Who
from Rome.
into Epirus.
when he was come to Roms, and found it much quieter then he looked for, and many Senators,
there alſo, he courteouſly entreated them, and prayed them to ſend unto Pompey, to pacifie all
matters between them, upon reaſonable Conditions. Bur no man did attempt it., either becauſe
they feared Pompey, for that they had forſaken him, or elſe for that they thought Ceſar meant not
as he ſpake, but tharthey were words of courſe, to colour his purpoſe withall, And when eHe-
tellus alſo, one of the Tribunes, would not ſuffer him to rake any of the common Treaſure out of
the Temple of Saturn, but told him that it was againſt the Law; Tuſh, ſaid he, time of War
$1ent teves in. 30d Law, are two things. IF this that I do, quoth he, do offend thee, then get thee hence for this
en © time: for War cannot abide this frank and bold ſpeech.. But when Wars are done, and that we
m__ are all quiet again, then thou ſhalt ſpeak in the Pulpit what thou wilt : and yet I do tell thee this of
favour, impairing ſo much my right, for thou art mine, both thou, and all them that have riſen againſt
me, and whom I have in my hands. When he bad ſpoken thus unto Merellus, he went to the Temple
Ceſar taketh door where the Treaſure lay, and finding no keys there, he cauſed Smiths to be ſent for, and made
Money out of them break open the locks. eHetellus thereupon began again to withſtand him, and certain men
the Temple of that ſtood by, praiſed him in his doing : but Ceſar atlength ſpeaking bigly to him, threatned him,
Saturn. he would kill him preſently, if he troubled him any more : and told him furthermore, Young man,
quoth he, thou knoweſt it is harder for me to tell it thee, thento do it. That word made Merellus
quake for fear, that he got him away roundly , and ever after that, Ceſar had all at his command-
Coſers Journy for the Wars. From thence he went into. SpA1N, to make War with Perreixs and Var-
into Spain » '! ro, Pompey's Lieutenants : firft to get their Armies and Provinces into his hands which they governed,
gaiof Pempeys that afterwards he might follow Pompey the better, leaving never an Enemy behind him, In this
ieurenants, Journey he was oftentimes himſelf in danger, through the Ambuſhes that were laid for him in di-
Caſar Dibtaror yers ſtrange ſorts and places, and likely alſo to have loſt his Army for lack of ViQuals, All
this notwithſtanding, he never left following of Pompey's Lieutenants, provoking them to Battle,
and intrenching them in, untill he had gotten their Camp , amd Armies into his hands, albeit that
the Lieutenants themſelves fled unto Pompey. When Ceſar returned again to Rome, Po his
Father-in-law gave him counſell to ſend Ambaſſadors unto Pompey, to treat for peace, But 1ſa#-
ricws, to fatter «ſar, was againſt it. . (eſar being then created Diftator by the Senate, called home
again all the baniſhed men, and reſtored their children to honour, whoſe fathers before had been
Nain in Syla's time ; and did ſomewhat cut off the uſuries that did oppreſs them , and beſides, did
make
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ly, and then did yield it up of himſelf, and made himſelf Conſul with Servilius 1ſauricxs, and
after that determined to follow the Wars. All the reſt of his Army he lett coming on the way,
behind him, and went himſelf before wich fix bundred Horſe, and five Legions onely of Footmen,
in the Winter- Quarter, about the Monerh of January, which afrer the ATHENIANS iscalled Po-
ſidion. Then having paſt over the Sea Io N1um, and landed his men, he wan the Cities of Ox1-
cum and APOLLONIA, Then he fent his Ships back again unto Bxunbus1um to tranſport
the reſt of his Souldiers that could not come with that ſpeed he did. They as they came by the way,
(like men whole ſtrength, of body and luſty youth was decayed) being wearied with ſo many ſun-
dry Battles as they had fought wich their Enemies, complained of Ceſar in this fort. To what end
and purpoſe doth this man hale us after him, up and down the World, uſing us like Slaves and
Drudges? It is not 6ur Armour, but our bodies that bear the blows away : and what, ſhall we
never be without our Harneſs on our backs, and our Shields on our arms ? ſhould nor Ceſar think,
at the leaſt when he ſeeth our blood and wounds, that we are all mortal men, and that we feel the
miſery and pains that other men do feel ? and now even in the dead of Winter, he puttech us unto
the mercy of the Sea and rempeſt, yea which the gods themſelves cannot withſtand, as if he fled be-
fore his Enemies, and purſued them not. Thus {pending time with this talk ; the Souldiers till
marching on, by ſmall Journeys came at length unto the City of Bxuxpus1um, But when they
were come, and found that Ceſar had already paſſed over the Sea, then they ſtraight changed their
complaints and minds, For they blamed themſelves, and rook on alſo with their Captains , be-
cauſe they had not made them make more haſte in marching : and fitting upon the Rocks and Cliffs
of the Sea, they looked over the main Sea, towards the Realm of Eerkus, to fee if they could
diſcern the Ships returning back, to tranſport them over. ('eſar in the mean time being in the
Ciry of Ae0LLONIA, having but a ſmall Army to fight with Pompey, it grieved him for that the
reſt of his Army was ſo long in coming, not knowing what way to take, In the end he followed a
dangerous determination, to imbarque unknown in a little Pinnace of twelve Oars onely to paſs
over the Sea again unto BrRunvus1uM , the which he could not do without great danger, confi-
dering that all the Sea was full of Pompey's Ships and Armies, So he took Ship in the night, appa-
relled like a"Slave, and went aboard upon this little Pinnace, and faid never a word, as if he had
been ſome poor man of mean condition, The Pinnace lay in the mouth of the River of Anius,
the which commonly was wont to be very calm and quier, by reaſon of a little wind that came
from the ſhore, which every morning drave back the waves far into the main Sea, Bur that night
(by ill fortune) there came a great wind from the Sea, that avercame the Land-wind, inſomuch as
the force and ſtrength of the River fighting againſt the violence of the rage and waves of the Sea, the
encounter was marvellous dangerous, the water of the River. being driven back, and rebounding
upward, with great noiſe and danger in turning of the water, Thereupon the Maſter of the Pinnace
ſeeing he could not poſlibly ger out of the mou:h of this River, bade the Mariners to caſt about a-
gain, and to return againſt the ſtream. Ceſar hearing that, ſtraight diſcovered himſelf unto the
Maſter of the Pinnace, who at the firſt was amazed when he ſaw him ; but Cz/ar then taking him by
the hand, ſaid unto him, Good fellow, be of good chear, and forwards heartily, fear not, tor thou
haſt Ceſar and his fortune with thee, Then the Mariners forgetting the danger of the ſtorm they
were in, laid on load with Oars, and laboured for life what they could againſt che wind, to get out
of the mouth of this River. But at length, perceiving they laboured in vain, and that the Pinnace
took in abundance of water, and was ready to fink, Ceſzr then to his great grief was driven to
return back again : who when he was returned into his Camp, his Souldiers came in great com-
panies unto him, and were very ſorry, that he miſtruſted he was not able with them alone to over-
come his Enemies, but would pur his perſon in danger to go fetch them that were abſent, putting no
truſt in them that were preſent, In the mean time eAntonins arrived, and brought with him the
reſt of his Army from Brxunpusium. Then Ceſar finding himſelf ſtrong enough, went and of-
fered Pompey Battle, who was pailingly well lodged, for victualling of his Camp both by Sea and
Land, C-ſar on the other ſide, who had no great plenty of Victuals at the firſt, was in a very hard
caſe ; inſomuch as his men gathered roots, and mingled them with milk, and eat them, Further-
more, they did make bread of it alſo, and ſometime when they skirmiſhed with the Enemies, and
came along-by them that watched and warded, they caſt of their bread into their Trenches, and faid:
that as long as the earth brought forth ſuch fruits, they would never leave belteging of Pompey. But
Pompey ftraightly commanded them, that they ſhould neither carry thoſe words nor bread into their
Camp, fearing left his mens hearts would fail them, and that they would be afraid when they ſhould
think of their Enemies hardneſs, with whom they had to fight, fith chey were weary with no pains,
no more then bruite Beaſts. Ceſars men did daily,skirmiſh hard to the Trenches of Pompey's Camp,
that all his Camp that day was in great hazard to have been caſt away. For Pompey came on with
his Battle upon them, and they were not able to abide it, but were fought with, and driven into their
Camp, and their Trenches were filled with dead bodies, which were (lain within the very Gate and
Bulwarks of their | Camp, they were ſo valiantly purſued. Ceſar ſtood before them that fled, to
make them ro turn head again, but he could not prevail. For when he would have taken the En-
ſigns to have ſtayed them, the Enſign-bearers threw them down on the ground ; fo that the _—_
r90
inances as thoſe, but very few. For he was Dictator bur eleven days one-.
605
Cafarand If.
ricus Conſuls.
Ceſar goeth
into the Kings
dom of Epirus.
Complaints ot
the old Souldi-
ers 3gainſt
Ca(ar.
A great adven-
rure of Ceſar.
Anius fl.
Caeſars dangers
and troubles in
the Realm of
Epirus.
Caeſars Army
in the which Ceſar had ever the better, ſaving once onely, at which time his men fled with ſuch fear, _ from Pont
Caſars words
of Pompeys Vi-
Qory.
Cazſar troubled
in mind after
his loſs.
Pompeys deter-
mination for
the War.
Pompey called
Agamennon
and King of
Kings,
The City of
Gomphes in
Theſſaly.
Pompeys
Dream in
Pharſalia.
The ſecurity
of the Pom-
pezans. -
—
DO —
I —— — — OO — ————
took two and thirty of them, and Ceſars ſelf alſo eſcaped hardly with Cr 2
big Souldier that fled by him, commanding him to ſtay, and turn his face ro his Enemy : the Soul-
dier being afraid, lift up his Sword to ſtrike at Ceſar. But one of Ceſar Pages preventing him, gave
him ſuch a blow with his Sword, that he ſtrake off his ſhoulder. Ceſar that day was brought unto
ſo great extremity, that (if Pompey bad not either for fear, or ſpightfull fortune, left off ro follow
his Victory, and retired into his Camp, being contented to have driven his Enemies into their Camp)
returning to his Camp with his friends, he ſaid unto them: The Victory this day had been our E-
nemies, if they had had a Captain that could have told how.to have overcome, So when he was
come to his Lodging, he went to bed, and that night troubled him more then any night that ever he
had. For till his mind ran with great ſorrow of the foul fault he had committed, in leading of
his Army, of ſelf-will to remain there ſo long by the Sea fide, his Enemies being the ſtronger by
Sea, adhering that he had before him a goodly Countrey, rich and plentifull of all things, and
goodly Cities of MaczDoN and THESSALY : and had not the wit to bring the War from thence,
but to loſe his time in a place, where he was rather beſieged of his Enemies, for lack of ViRuals,
then that he did beſiege them by force of Arms, Thus fretting and chafing to ſee himſelt ſo ſtraight-
ned with ViRuals, and to think of his ill luck, he raiſed his Camp, intending to go ſet upon $c:-
pio, making account thateither he ſhould draw Pompey to Battle againft his will, when he had not
the Sea at his back to furniſh him with plenty of Victuals, or elſe chat he ſhould eaſily overcome
Scipio, finding him alone, unleſs he were aided, This remove of Ceſars Camp, did much encou-
rage Pompey's Army, and his Captains, who would needs in any caſe have followed atter him, as
though he had been overcome, and had fled. But for Pompey himſelf, he would inno reſpe& ha-
zard Battle, which was a matter of ſo great importance. For finding himſelf ſo well provided of
all chings neceſſary to tarry time, he thought it better to draw this War our in length, by tra&t
of time, the rather to conſume this little ſtrength that remained in Ceſars Army : of the wh ch,
the beſt men were marvellous well trained, and good Souldiers, and tor valiantneſs at one days
Battle, were incomparable. Bur on the other fide again, to remove here and there ſo oft, and to
fortifie their Camp where they: came, and to beſtege any Wall, or to keep watch all night in their
Armour ; the moſt part of them could not do it, by reaſon of their age, being then unable to away
with their pains; ſo that the weakneſs of their bodies did alſo take away the life and courage ot
their hearts, Furthermore, there fell a peſtilent diſeaſe among them, that came by ill meats hun-
ger drave them to eat. Yet was not this the worſt : for befides, he had no ſtore of Money, nei-
ther could tell how to come by. Victrals ; ſo that it ſeemed in all likelihood, that in very ſhort time
he would come to nothing. For theſe reſpects, Pompey would in no caſe fight, and yer had he bur
Cato onely of his mind in that, who ſtuck in it the rather, becauſe he would avoid ſhedding of his
Countreymens blood. For when Cato had viewed the dead bodies (lain in the Camp of his Ene-
mies, at the laſt Skirmiſh that was between them, the which were no leſs then a thouſand perſons,
he covered his face, and went away, weeping, All other but he, contrarily fell out with him, and
blamed him, becauſe he ſo long refrained from Battle ; and ſome prickt him forward, and called
him eAgamemnon, and King of Kings, laying that he delayed this War in this ſort, becauſe he
would not leave his Authority ro command them all, and that he was glad alwaies to ſee many Cap-
tains round about him, which came to his Lodgings to honour him, and wait upon him. And F ao-
nixs alſo a hair-brain'd fellow, frankly counterfeiting the round and plain ſpeech of Cato, made as
though he was marvellous angry, and ſaid ; Is it not great pity, that we ſhall not eat this year of
Tans cuLum Figs, and all for Powpey's ambitious mind to reignalone ? and «Africanus, who not
long before was but lately come out of Sea1N (where becauſe he had but ill ſucceſs, he was ac-
cuſed of Treaſon, that for Money he had ſold his Army unto Ceſar) he went buſily asking, why
they fought not with chat Merchant, unto whom they {aid he had ſold the Province of Spar?
So that Pompey with theſe kind of ſpeeches, againſt his will, was driven to follow Ceſar to fight
with him. Then was Ceſar at the firft, maryellouſly perplexed and troubled by the way, becauſe he
found none that would givehim any ViRuals, being deſpiſed of every man, for the late loſs and 0-
verthrow he had received. But after he had taken the City of Gomynzs in THEsSALLY, he did
not onely meet with plenty of Victuals to relieve his Army with, but he ftrangely alſo did rid them
of their Diſeaſe. For the Souldiers meeting with plenty of Wine, drinking hard, and making mer-
ry, drave away the infe&tion of the Peſtilence. For they diſpoſed themſelves unto dancing, masking,
and playing the BaccHtrIans by the way, inſomuch that drinking drunk they overcame their
diſeaſe, and made their bodies new again, When they both came into the Countrey of Pa a rs 4-
LI1A, and both Camps lay before each other, Pompey returned again to his former determination,
and the rather, becauſe he had ill ſigns and tokens of misfortune in his fleep, For he thought in
his ſleep, that when he entred into the Theatre, all the Romans received him with great clap-
ping of hands. Whereupon they that were about him grew to ſuch boldneſs and ſecurity, affuring
themſelves of Victory , that Domitius, Spinther, and Scipio, in a bravery contended between
chemſelves for the chief Biſhoprick which Ceſar had. Furthermore , there were divers that ſent
unto ROME to hire theneareſt Houſes unto the Market-place, as being the fitteſt places for Pre-
tors, and Conſuls : making their account already, that thoſe Offices could not ſcape them, inconti-
nently after the Wars. Bur beſides thoſe, the young Gentlemen, and Roman Knights were
maryellous deſirous to fight, that were bravely nts , and armed with gliſtering gilt A"
"i their
nn
- Y
F
———————_—_
their Horſes far*and very finely kept , and themſelves gogdly young men, to the number of ſeven
thouſand , where the Gentlemen' of -Ceſars fide were but one . thouſand onely, The number of -
his Footmen alſo were muck after the ſame. reckoning. For he: had five and tourty thouſand a- Poinpeys Army
gainſt two and twenty thouſand. Wherefore (ar called his Souldiers together , and told them 5 great ain
how Cornificizs was at hand who brought rwo whole Legions , and that he had fifteen 1 nſigns 9 64/4rs-
led by Calenws, the which he: made'to ſtay abour MEGaRa and ATHENS, Then he asked them,
if they would tarry for that aid or not , or whether they would rather themſelves alone venture Bat-
tell. The Souldiers cried out to him, and prayed him not to deter Battell, but rather to deviſe
Tome fetch to make the Enemy fight as ſoon-as he could, Then as he (acrificed unto the gods , for the
purifying of his*Army , the firſt Beaſt was no ſooner facriticed, but h's Sooth(ayer aſſured him that
he ſhould fight within three dayes, (ſar asKed him again , if he ſaw in the Sacrifices , any lucky
ſign or token of good luck. The Soothſayer anſwered : for that , thou ſhalt anſwer thy ſelf,
better then I-can do : for the gods do promiſe us a marvellous great change and alteration of things
that arenow ; unto another clean contrary, For if thou beeſt well now, doeſt thou think to have
worſe fortune hereafter ? and if thou be ill , afſure thy ſelf thou ſhalt have better, The night betore , Jer f
the Battell , as he went'about midnight ro viſit the Watch , men ſaw a great Fire-brand in the Ele- in —_
ment , all of a light fire, that came over Ceſar Camp, and tell down in Pompeys. In the morning ment, before
alſo when they relieved the Watch , they heard a falſe Alarm in the Enemies Camp , with- *h<"Burell in
out any apparent cauſe : which they commonly call a ſuddain fear , that makes men beſides them- ©
ſelves. This notwithſtanding, {/ar thought not to fight that day , but was determined to have rai-
ſed his Camp from thence, and to have gone towards the City of ScoTusa : and his Tents in his
Camp were already overthrown when his Scouts came in with great ſpeed , to bring him news
that his Enemies. werepreparing themſelves to hgh, Then was he very glad, and after he had niade
his prayers unto the gods to help him that day , he ſet his men in Battell-ray , and divided them in-
to three Squadrons, giving the middle Battell unto Domirizs Calvinw , and the left Wing unto Caſars Army
Antaiu , and placed himſelf in the right Wing, chufing h S place to-fight in therenth Legion, But and his order
ſeeing that againſt that , his Enemies had ſet all their Horſemen , he was half afraid when he ſaw the *f Buell , in
reat number of them , and ſo brave befides, Wheretore he cloſely made fix Enfigns to come = ——*m
| the rereward of his Battell, whom he had laid as an ambuſh behind his right Wing , having _
\ firſt appointed. his Souldiers what they ſhould do , when the Horſemen ef the Enemies came to give
"them charge. On the other fide, Pompey placed himſelf in the right Wing of his Bartell, gave Pompeys Army
the left Wing unto Domitine , and the middle Battell unto Scipio bis Father-in-law. Now all the 99d his order
Roman Knights ( as ive have told you before ). were placed in the left Wing of purpoſe to en- * Buell.
viron Ceſays right Wing behind , and to give their hotteſt Charge there , where the Generall of
their Enemies was : making their account , that there was no Squadron of Footmen, how thick ſo-
ever they were, that could receive the charge of ſo great a Troop of Horſemen, and that at the firſt
* onſet they ſhould overthrow themall, and march upon their Bellies, When the Trumpets on either
fide did ſound the Alarm to the Battell , Pompey commanded his Footmen that they ſhould ſtand till
without ftirring,'to receive the charge of their Enemies, untill they came to chrowing of their Darts,
Wherefore Ceſar afterwards ſaid , that Pompey had committed a foul fault, not to conſider that the
charge which is given running with fury , belides that it giverh the more ſtrength alſo unto their An ill counſ1;
blowes, doth ſet mens hearts alſo on fire :* for the common hurling of all the Souldiers that run and fou! faul;
together , is unto them as a box on the ear that ſets men on fire, Then (/ar making his Batcell of Pompey.
march forward to give the onſer , ſaw one of his Captains ( a valiant man , and very skilfull in
War, in whom he had alſo great confidence ) ſpeaking to his Souldiers that he had under his
charge encouraging them to fight like men that day. So he called him aloud by his Name, and
ſaid unto him : Well, Caſſius Craſſinizs, what hope ſhall we bave to day ? how are we determined,
ro fight it out manfully > Then Craſini caſting up his hand , anſwered him aloud : This day O
Ceſar , we ſhall have a Noble Victory, and I promiſe theeere night thou ſhalt praiſe me alive or
dead. When he had told him ſo , he Was himſelf the foremoſt man that = charge upon his Ene-
mies, with his Band following of him, being abour ſix-ſcore men ; and making a lane through
the foremoſt Rank , with great ſlaughter he entred far into the Batrell of his Enemies q
* untill chat valiantly fighting in this fort, he was thruſt in at length into the mouth with a
* Sword , that the point of it came out again at his Neck. Now the Footmen of both Battels be= The Battell in
ing come tothe Sword , the Horſemen of the left Wing of Pompey did march as fiercely alſo, ſprea- the Fields of
ding out their Troops to compaſs in the right Wing of Ceſarz Batrell, Burt before they began to Phar/alis.
give charge , the fix Enſigns of Footmen which Ceſar had laid in ambuſh behind him ; they began
to run full upon them , not throwing away their Darts far off , as they were wont to do, nei-
ther ſtriking their Enemies on the thighes nor on the Legs , bur to ſeek ro hit them full in the eyes ,
and to hurt them in the face , as Ceſar bad tanght them: For he hoped that theſe luſty young FIAT
Gentlemen that had notbeen often in the Wars , nor were uſed to ſee themſelves hurt, and the cnn _
which , being in the prime of their youth and beauty , would be afraid of thoſe hurts,as well for *
the fear of the preſent danger to be (lain, as alſo for that their faces ſhould not for ever be de-
formed. As indeed it came to paſs; for they could never abide that they ſhould come fo near
their faces with the points of their Darts, but hung down their heads for fear to be hit with
them in their eyes, and turned their backs, covering their face , becauſe they ſhould nor be hurr.
Then , breaking of themſelves , they began at _— cowardly to flie , and were occaſion _
tf o
TY ZULIUVS CASA
—_
RE" 4
of the loſs of all the reft of Powpeys Army. For they that bad broken them , ran immediatly
to ſet upon the Squadron of the Foottmen behind , and flew them. Then Pompey ſeeing his Horſe-
men from the other Wing of his Battell, ſo ſcattered and diſperſed , flying away , forgat that he
was any more Pompey the Great , which he had been before, but was rather like a man whoſe
Ceſar over- wits the gods had taken from” him , being afraid-and amazed with the ſlaughter ſent from above,
— Poti- and ſo retired into his Tent , ſpeaking never a word, and fate there to fee theend of this Bartel] ;
; untill at the length all his Army being overthrown and put to flight , the Enemies came, and got
up upon the Rampiers and defence of his Camp, and fought hand to hand with them that ſtood
to defend the ſame, Then as a man come to himſelf again , he ſpake but this onely word :
What, even in our Camp? Soin haſt, caſting off his Coat-Armour and Apparell of a Generall,
he ſhitted him, and put on ſuch as became His miſerable Fortune, and ſo ftole out of his Camp.
Pompeysfight, Furthermore , what he did after this overthrow , and how he had put himſelf into the hands of
the £GyPTIANS , by whom he was miſerably ſlain , we have fer it forth at large in his Life.
Then (2/ay entring into Powpeys Camp , and ſeeing the bodies layed on the ground chat were llain,
and others alſo that were a Killing , ſaid, fetching a great ſigh : It was their own doing, and againſt
my will, For (zixs Ceſar, after he had won ſo many famous Conqueſts , and overcome ſo ma-
ny great Battels, had been utterly condemned notwithſtanding , if he had departed from his
Army. eA ſinius Pollio writeth , that he ſpake theſe words then in Latin, which he afterwards wrote
in Greek ; and faith furthermore , that the moſt part of them which were put to the Sword in
Brutusthstflew the Camp, were Slaves and Bondmen, and that there were not flain in all this Battell abeve fix
Ceſar raken thouſand Souldiers. As for them that were taken Priſoners, Ceſar did put many of them amongſt
nm his Legions, and did pardon alſo many men of eſtimation , among whom By was one , that af-
ſalis. - " terwards ſlew Ceſar himſelf : and it is reported , that Ceſar was very ſorry for him , when he
Signs and to- Could not immediatly be found after the Battell, and that he rejoyced again when he knew he was
kens of Caſars alive , and that he came to yeeld himſelfunto him. Ceſar had many figns and tokens of Victory
Vidory. before this Battell , but rhe notableſt of all other that happened to him , was in the City of Tx ar-
LES. Forinthe Temple of Victory, within the ſame City , there was an Image of {ſar , -and the
Earth all about it very hard of it ſelf, and was paved. beſides with very hard Stone: and yet ſome
ſay that there ſprang up a Palm hard by the Baſe of' the ſame Image. In the City of Papua , Caixs
A firange tale Cor7el41 an excellent Soothlayer, ( a Countreyman and Friend of 75:45 Livius the Hiſtoriographer)
of Cornelius an Was by chance at that time ſet to behold the flying of Birds. , He ( as Livie reporteth) knew the ve-
excellent Pro- ry time when the Battell began , and: told them that were preſent , Even now they give the onſet on
gnoſticaror. +oth ſides , and both Armies do meet at this inftant, Then fitting down again to conſider. of the
Birds, after he had bethought him of the Signs, he ſuddainly roſe upon hisfteet, and cried out as
2 man poſſeſſed with ſome Spirit : O (ſar the Victory is thine. Every man wondering to ſee him,
he took the Crown he had on his head , and made an Oath that he would never put it on again,
till the event of his Prediction had proved his art true. Zivie teſtifieth , that it came ſo to paſs,
Ceſar afterwards giving freedom unto the THE SSALIANS , in reſpect of the Victory which he
wan in their Countrey , he followed after Powpey. When he came into As 14 , he gave freedom
alſo unto the GutDi1ans for Theopompas ſake, who bad gathered the Fables rogether, He did re-
leaſe As1a alſo, the third part of the Tribute which the Inhabitants paid unto the Romans.
Then he came into ALEXANDRIA after Pompey was {lain : and deteſted Theodorws that preſented
him Pompeys head , and turned his head aſide becauſe he would not ſee it, Notwithſtanding, he took
Caſarsclemen- his Seal and beholding it , wept. Furthermore , he courteouſly uſed all Powpeys triends and famili-
cy in Vidory. ars, who wandring up and down the Countrey , were taken of the. King of £6ypPr, and wan
them all to be at his Commandment. Continuing theſe courtefies, he wrote unto his friends ar
The cauſe of Rowe , that the greateft pleaſure he took of his Victory, was, that he daily ſaved the lives of ſome
Caſars War of his Countreymen that bore armes againſt him. And for the War he made in ALExanpr1a,
in Alexa"dria. ce ſay,be needed-not to have done it , but that he willingly did it for the love of Cleopatra : where-
Porbinus the I be wan little honour, and beſides did put his perſon in great danger. Others do lay the fault upon
Eunuch cauſed the King of £6 y ÞT 5 Miniſters but ſpecially on Pethinus the Eunuch , who bearing the greateſt
Pompey to be ſway of all che Kings Servants , after he had cauſed Pompey to be lain , and driven Cleopatra from the
Nlain. Court, ſecretly laid wait all the ways he could , how he might likewiſe kill 7 wad Wherefore Ceſar
hearing an inkling of it , began thenceforth to ſpend all the night long in feafting and banqueting ,
that his perſon might be in the better ſafety. Bur beſides all this , Porhinws the Eunuch ſpake many
things openly not to be born, onely to ſhame Ceſar , and to ſtir up the People to envie him, For be
made his Souldiers have the worſt and oldeft Wheat that could be gotten : then if they did complain
of it , he told them they muſt be contented, ſeeing they eat at another mans coſt. And he would
ſerve them alſo at the Table in treen and Earthen-diſhes, ſaying that Ceſar had alway alt their Gold
and Silver , tora debt that the Kings Father ( that then reigned ) did owe unto him : which was, a
thouſand ſeven hundred and fifry Myriades ; whereof Cz/ar had before forgiven ſeven hundred and
fifry thouſand unto his Children. Howbeit then he asked a Million to pay his Souldiers withall.
Therero Pothinus anſwered him, that at that time he ſhould do better to follow his other cauſes
of greater importance, and afterwards that he ſhould at more leaſure recover his debt with the Kings
Y good will and favour. Ceſar replied unto him, and faid , that he would not ask counſell of the
AGy PTIANS for his Affairs, but would be paid : and thereupon ſecretly ſent for Cleopatra , which
was in the Countrey , to come unto him, - She onely taking Apollodorus S1CILIAN of all her friends ,
took a
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a little Boat; and weir away with him-in ir in the night, and came and landed hard by the foot of the
Caſtle. - Theii having”no' other meart to' come into the Court without being known, ſhe laid her Clebpatra came
ſelf-down upon a Mattreſs or Flock-bed , Which Apollodors her friend tied and bound up together to Ceſar,
like 4 bundle with a' great Leather-thong , and fo took her upon his- back and brought her thus ©!c9Þ4r4 tru»
hampered in this Faxdle unto Ceſar in at the Caſtle-gate, This was the firſt occaſion (as it15 reported) _ up ina
thar-made C2/ay to ove her : butafterwards , when he ſaw her ſweer converſation and pleaſanc enter- Pane =
rainment , he tell rhen'in further liking with her , and did reconcile her again unto her Brother the Ceſar, mn,
King , with condition, that they wo joyntly ſhould reign together. Upon this new reconciliation, 4f9odorus
a great Feaſt being prepared , a Slave of Ceſar: that was his Barber , the fearfulleſt wretch that lived ****-
ſtill buſily preying and' liſtening abroad in every corner , being miſtruſtfull by nature , found that
Pothinus and Athitay did lie in wait to kill his Maſter Ceſar. This being proved unto C2/ar,he
did fer ſuch ſure' warch about the Hall', where the Feaft was made , that in tine, he flew the Eunuch
Pothimus himſelf. ''Achillas on the other fide , ſaved himſelf, and fled unto the Kings Camp , where
he raiſed a marvellous dangerous and difficult War for Ceſar: becauſe he having then but a few
men about him , was to fight againſt a great and ſtrong City. The firſt danger he fell into, was
the want of Water : for that his Enemies had topped the mouth of the Pipes , the which
conveyed the Water into the Caſtle, The ſecond danger he had , was, that leeing his F ne-
mies came to take his Ships from' him , he was driven to repulſe that danger with fire ; the which The grear Li
burnt the Arſenall where the Ships lay , and that notable Library of ALExAaNnDR1a withall, The Woe _
third danger: was in the Battell by Sea, that was fought by the Tower of PHar : where meaning to 4n4ria burn:,
help his men that tought by Sea, he leapt from the Peer into a Boat, Then the EGyyrt1ans
made towards him with their Oars on every fide but he leaping into the Sea, with great hazard ſaved :
himſelf by ſwimming. Ir is ſaid, that then holding divers Books in his hand , he did never let them _ - —_
g0', but kept them always upon his head above water, and ſwam with the other hand , notwith- Books in his
ſtanding that they ſhot marvellouſly at him , and was driven ſometime ro duck into the water ; hand.
howbeir the Boat was drowned preſently. In fine , the King coming to his men that made War
with Ceſar , be went againſt him , and gave him Bartel] , and wan ir with great ſlaughter, and effu-
fiorof bloud. 'But for the King , no man could ever tell what became of him after. Thereupon
Ceſar made Cleopatra his Siſter, Queen of &6 y »T , who-being great with Chlid by him, was ſhort- <*/r made
ly brought to bed of a Son, whom the ALExa nDR1A'Ns named Ceſarion, From thence he went ©9472
into SYR14 , and ſogoing into As1A , there it was told him that Domitius was overthrown in Bat- == ha
rell , by Pharnaces the Son of King Mithridates, and was fled out of the Realm of PoxT with a Caſarion, Ce-
few itien with him: and that this King Pharnaces greedily following his Victory , was not contented «rs Son, be-
with the winning of B1THy 1a and CAP PADOCIA ,/ but further would needs attempt to win Ar- $%*<n of Cheo-
MENTA the leſs , procuring all thoſe Kings, Princes , and Governours of the Provinces thereabours ©*
to rebell againſt the Romans. Thereupon Ceſar went thither ſtraight with three Legions and
fought a great Batrel] with King Pharnaces by the City of ZE La, where he ſlew his Army, and drave ho re Vile.
him out of all the Realm of PoxT. And becauſe he would advertiſe one of his friends of the ſud- Shawns
daineſs of this Victory , he onely wrote three words unto Anitizs at ROME : Ven, Vidi, Vici : to Ceſarwriteh
wit, I came, I ſaw, I overcame. Theſe three words ending all with like ſound and letter in the Latin, *®r<< words to
have a certain ſhort grace more pleaſant to the ear , then can be well expreſſed in any other Tongue, —_ __
After this he returned again into IT ay, and came to ROME , ending his year for the which he was COTM
made DiRator the ſecond time , which Office before was never granted for one whole year , but un-
rohim., Then was he choſen Conſull for the year following. Aiterwards he was very ill ſpoken of,
for that his Souldiers in a mutiny having ſlain rwo Prztors, Coſconixs and Galha y he gave them
no other puniſhment fr it , but inſtead of calling them Souldiers , he named them Citizens , and gave
unto every one of them a thouſand Drachma's a man, and great Poſſeſſions in ITaLy. He was
much miſliked alſo for the deſperate parts and madneſs of D-labella , for the covetouſneſs of
Anitins , for the drunkenneſs of Antonius and Cornificus . which made Pompeys houſe be pulled
down and builtded up again, as a thing not big enough tor him , wherewith the Romans were
marvellouſly offended. ' Ceſar knew all this well enough , and would have been contented to have
redrefſed them : bur to bring this matter to paſs, he pretended he was driven ro ſerve his turn by
ſuch Inſtruments, After the Bartell of PHaRSAL14 , Catoand Scipio being fled. into ArRicx , C+ſzrs journey
King ?uba joyned with them , and leavied a great puiſſant Army. Wherefore Ceſar determined to into Africk a-
make War with them : and in the middeft of Winter , he took his journey into $S1c1LE, There, gainſt Caro and
becauſe he wonld take all hope from his Captains and Souldiers ro make any long abode there, he _—_—
went and lodged upon the very Sands by the Sea fide , and with the next gale of wind that came, he
took the Sea with three thouſand Footmen , and a few Horſemen, Then having pur them aland , un-
awares to them he hoiſcd ſail again to fetch the reſt of his Army , being afraid leſt they ſhould meer
with ſome danger in paſſing over , and meeting them mid-way , he brought them all into his Camp.
Where, when it was told him , that his Enemies truſted inan Ancierit Oracle , which faid, that is was
predeſtined unto the Family of Scipio's to be Conquerours in AFRICX : either of purpoſe to
mock Sc;pio the Generall of his Enemies , or otherwiſe in good earneſt to take the benefit of this
Name (. given by the Oracle ) unto himſelf, in all the Skirmiſhes and Bartels fought, he gave the
charge of his Army unto a man of mean quality and account, called Scipio Salntins, who came of
the Race of Scipio AFRICAN , and made him always Generall when he fought. For he waseftſoons
compelled to weary and harry his Enemies : for that neither his men in his Camp had Corn enough, -
Fff2 nor
— —— — — —
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nor the Beaſts Forrage, but the Souldiers were driven to take Sea-weeds "le AIR": hins
Caſars troubles away the bracki thereof with freſh Water, putting to it a little Herb calle On to caſt
in Africk, - it ſo to their Horſetocat. For the Nux1DIians ( which are light Horſemen, and very —_ of
Alza and dogs- ſeryice ) being a great number together , would be on a ſuddain in every place , and ſpread allthe
—_— ©© Fields 'over thereabout ,, ſo that no man durſt peep out of the Camp to go for Forrage, And one
o to day as the men of Arms were ſtaying to behold an Arr 1c ax doing notable things in dancing and
Ceſars dangers playing with the Flute ( they being ſer down quietly to take their pleaſure of the view thereof , havin
tn Africk,* : [or one time given rn; How /rk Horſes to bold ) the Enemies ſtealing ſuddenly upon amt
compaſſed them in round about , and. flew a number of them in the Field , and the other alſo
that fled , followed them pell mell into their Camp. Furthermore , had not oo imſelfin per-
ſon, and 4fnius Pollio with him , gone out of the Camp to the reſcue, and ſtaid them that fled, the
War that day had been ended. There was alſo another skirmiſh where his Enemies had the upper
hand, in the which it is reported , that Ceſar taking the Enſign-Bearer by the collar that carried the
Eagle in his hand , Rtaid bim by force , and turning his face, told him : fee , there be thy Enemies.
Theſe advantages did lift up $c:pio's heart aloft , and gave him courage to hazard Bartell : and leaving
Afranixs on the one hand of him , and King 7«b4 on the other hand , both their Camps lying near
rogether , he did fortifie himſelf by the Ciry of THaysacus, above the lake, to be a ſafe refuge
for them all in this Battell, But whileft he was buſie intrenching of himſelf, Ceſar having marvel-
lous ſpeedily paſſed through a great Countrey full of Wood , by by-paths which men would never
have miftruſted : he ſtole upon ſome behind , and ſuddainly aflailed the other before,ſo that he over-
threw them all , and made them flie. Then following the good hap he had , he went forthwith
to ſet upon the Camp of Afranius , the which he rook at the firſt onſet , and the Camp of the
Ceſars grett Nyy1Dians alſo, King 7»ba bei fled, Thus in a little piece of the day onely,, he took three
7A Camps, and flew fifty thouſand of his Enemies, and loſt but fifty of his Souldiers, 1n this ſort is
" ſet down the effect of this Battell by ſome Writers, Yet others do write alſo , that Czſar ſelf was
Ceſar troubled Not there in perſon at the execution of this Battell, For as he did fer his men in Bartrell-ray the falling-
with che fal= Sickneſs took him , whereunto he was given ; and therefore feeling it coming, before he was over-
ling Sickneſs. come withall , he was carried into a Caſtle not far from thence where the Battel] was f » and
there took his reft till the extremity of his diſcaſe had left him. Now for the Prztor and Conſuls
that ſcaped from this Battell, many of chem being taken Priſoners, did kill themſelves, and others alſo
Ceſar did put to death ; but he being ſpecially deſirous of all men elſe to have Cato alive in his bands,
he went with all poſſible ſpeed unto the City of UT1c a, whereof Cato was Governour, by means
whereof he was not at the Battell, Notwit wy 4 ws by the way, that Cato had lain
himſelf with his own hands, be then made open ſhew that he was very ſorry for it, but why or
oo forry wherefore ,-no man could tell. But this is true, that Ceſar ſaid at that preſent time : O Caro , 1 envy
_ cath thy death , becauſe thou didft envy my glory to fave thy life. This notwithſtanding,the Book that
Caſar wrote a- he wrote afterwards againſt Cato being dead , did ſhew no very great affetion nor pitifull heart ro-
; poiaſ Cato Wardshim. For how could he have pardoned him , if living he had bad him in his hands, that being
ing dead. dead did ſpeak ſo vehemently againſt him ? Notwithſtanding , men ſuppoſe he would have pardoned
him , if he had taken him alive, by the clemency he ſhewed unto Cicero, Brat , and divers others
that had born Arms againſt him. Some report , that he wrote that Book , not ſo much for any
Cicero wrote ® private malice he had to his death , as for civill ambition , upon this occaſion. Czcero had written a
_ Mm Book in praiſe of Cato, which he intituled Caro . This Book in likelihood was very well liked of,
lead, * by reaſon of theEloquence of the Orator that made it , and of the excellent ſybjeR . Ceſar
therewith was marvellouſly offended , thinking that to praiſe him , of whoſe death he was Author,
was even ſo much as to accuſe himſelf - and therefore he wrote a Letter againſt him, and heaped
up a number of Accuſations againſt Cato, and intituled the Book Anticatony. Both theſe Books have
favourers unto this day, ſome defending the one for the love they bear to Ceſar, and others allow-
ing theother for Cato's ſake. Ceſar being now returned out of Arricx , firſt of all made an O-
ration to the People wherein he greatly praiſed and commended this his laft Victory , declaring unto
them , that he had conquered ſo many Countries unto the Empire of Rome, that he could furniſh
the Common-wealth yearly with two hundred thouſand buſhels of Wheat , and twenty hundred
Fubk, _— thouſand Pound weight of Oyl. Then he made three Triumphs, the one for &gypt , the other for
by _ the Kingdom of Pow , and thethird for Arz1cx : not becauſe he bad overcome Scipio there, but
Roricerapher, KI0g Juba. Whole Son being likewiſe called 7«b4,being then a young Boy,was led captive in the ſhew
ographer, my wy up —
of this Triumph. But this his impriſonment fell out happily for him : for where he was but a barbar-
ous NuM1D1A N, by the ftudy he fell unto when he was priloner , he came afterwards to be reckoned
one of the wiſeſt Hiſtoriographers of the GxEc1ans,* After theſe three Triumphs ended, he very
liberally rewarded his Souldiers ; and to curry favour with the People, he made great Feafts and com-
Caſars fealting mon Sports. For he feaſted all the ROMar's at one time, at two and twenty thouſand Tables, and gave
oy == aj them che pleaſure to ſee divers Sword-players to fight at the Sharp , and Battels alſo by Sea, for the
taken of the T<membrance of his Daughter 74/34 , which was dead long before. Then after all theſe Sports, be
Roman. made the People ( as the manner was) to be muſtered : and where there wereat the laſt muſters before,
three hundred and twenty thouſand Citizens , at this muſter there were onely but a hundred and fifty
thouſand. Such miſery and deftruQion had this civill War wrought unto the Common-wealth of
Rowe, and had conſumed ſuch a number of Roma ns , not ſpeaking at all of the miſchiefs and
calamities it had brought unto all the reft of ITaLy , and to the other Provinces. pertaining to
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Roms. After all theſethings were ended, he was choſen Confull the fourth time , and went into
SPAIN to make War with the Sons of Pompey : who were yet but very young, but had not-
withftand.ng raiſed a marvellous great Army together , and ſhewed they had manhood and courage
worthy to command ſuch an Army , infomuch as they put ('eſar himlelt in great danger of his tite.
The greateſt Bartell that was fought berween them in all this War, was bythe City of Muxpa,
For then Ce/ar ſeeing his men ſore diſtreſſed, and having their hands full-of their Enemies , be ran
into the preſs among his men that fought , and cried out unto them : What , are ye not aſhamed to
be beaten and taken Priſoners, yeelding your ſelves with your own hands to theſe young Boys ?
And fo, with all the force he could make , having with much ado put his Enemies to flight, he ſlew a-
bove thirty thouſand of them in the Field , and loſt of his own men a thouſand of the beſt he had.
After this Battell he went into his Tent and told his friends g that he had often before fought for
Victory, but this laſt time now, that he had fought for the ſatety of his own life. He wan this Bat-
ell on the very Feaſt day of the Ba cc#A Na LIANS, inthe which men ſay , that Powp:y the Great
went out of ROME , about four years before , to begin this civill War, For- his Sons, the
* younger ſcaped from the Bartell , bur within few days atter, Di4dis brought the Head of the elder.
This was the laſt War that Ce/ar made, But the Triumph he made into Ro we for the ſame , did as
murh offend the Romans, and more, then any thing that ever he had done before : becauſe he
had not overcome Caprains that were ſtrangers, nor barbarous King , but had deſtroyed the Sons
of the nobleſt man of ROME, whom fortune had overthrown, And becauſe he had plucked up
his Race by the roots , men did not think it meet for him to Triumph fo for the Calamities of his
Countrey , rejoycing at a thing for the which he had bur one excule to alledge in his defence, un-
to the gods and men, that he was compelled to do that he did. Andthe rather they thought it nor
meet ; becauſe he had never before ſent Letters nor Meſſengers unto the Common-wealth at
Rowe, for any ViRory that he had ever won in all the civill Wars : but did always for ſhame
reſuſe the Glory @ it, This notwithſtanding the Romans inclining to {2ſars proſperity , and
raking the bit in the mouth, ſuppoſing rhat to be ruled by one man alone, it would be a good mean
for them to take breath a little , after ſo many troubles and mileries as they had abidden in theſe
civill Wars, they choſe him perperuall Dictator; This was a plain Tyranny for to have this
abſolute power of Dictator , they added this, never to be afraid to. be depoſed : Cicero pronounced
before the Senate , thar they ſhould give him ſuch honours as were meet for a man : howbeit others
afterwards added too, honours beyond all reaſon. © | For men ſtriving who ſhould moſt honour him,
they made him hatefull and troubleſomto themſelves that moſt favoured him, by reaſon of the un-
meaſurable greatneſs and honours which they gave him. Thereupon it is reported , that even they
that moſt - hated him , were no leſs favourers and furtherers of his honours , then they that moſt
flattered him , becauſe they might have greater occaſions to riſe , and that it might appear they had
juſt cauſe and colour to attempt that they did againſt him, And now for himſelf , after he haden-
ded his civill Wars, he did ſo honourably behave himſelt , that there was no fault to be found in
him : and therefore me thinks amongſt other honours they gave him , he rightly deſerved this, that
they ſhould build him a Temple of _— to thank him for his courteſie he had uſed unto them
in his Victory. For he pardoned many of them that had born -Arms againſt him, and furthermore,
did prefer ſome of them to Honour and Office in the Common-wealth : as amongſt others , Caſſires
and Bratws, toth the which were made Prztors,, And where Pompeys Innages had been thrown
down, he cauſed them to be ſet up again : whereupon Cicero ſaid then , that Ce/ar ſetting up
Pompeys Images again , he made his own to ſtand the ſurer. And when ſome of his friends did
counſell him to have a Guard for the ſafety of his perſon, and ſome alſo did offer themſelves to ſerve
him , he would never conſent to it, but fad: It was better to die once, then always to be afraid of
death, Bur to win himſelf the love and good will of the People, as the hononrableſt Guard and
beſt ſafery he could have , he made common Feaſts again, and generall diſtributions of Corn, Fut-
thermore, to gratifie the Souldiers alſo he repleniſhed many Ciries again with Inhabitants , which
before had been deſtroyed, and placed them there that hid no place ro repair unto : of the which
the nobleſt and chiefeſt C ities were theſe two, CARTHAGE and CoriNnTH :; and it chanced alſo,
that like as aforetime they had been both taken and deſtroyed together , even {o were they both ſer
on foot again, and repleniſhed with People, ar one ſelf time, And as for great Perſonages, he
wan themaalſo , promiſing ſome of them , ro make them Prztors and Conſuls in time to come ;
and unto others, Honours and Preferments : but to all men generally good Hope , ſeeking all the
ways he could to make every man contented with his Reign. Inſomuch as one of his Conſuls called
Maxim, chancing to die a day before his Conlulſhip ended, he declared Caninins Rebilings Con-
full onely for the day that remained. So, divers going to his Houſe ( as the manner was ) to ſalute
him , and to'congratulate with ' him of his calling and preferment , being newly choſen Officer,
Cicero pleaſantly faid : Come, let us make haſte , and be gone thither before his Conſulſhip come
out. Furthermore , Ce/ar being born to attempt all great enterpriſes , and having an ambitious de-
fire beſides to covet great Honours , 'the proſperous good ſuccels he had 'of his tormer Conqueſts,
bredno deſire in him quietly to enjoy the fruits of his labours , but rather gave him the hope of
things to come, Kill kindling more and more in him, thoughts 'of greater Enterpriſes , and deſire of
new Glory , 4s if that which he had preſeat were ſtale and nothing worth. This humor of his was no
other but an emnlation with himſelf as with. another man , and a certain contention to over-
come the things he *prepared to- attempt, For he YT Pe and made preparation alſo, =
3 make
Ceſur Conſu.l
the tourth
time.
Batrell foughe
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Pompeys by the
City of Munda.
Caſars Vidto-
ry of the Sons
ot Pompey,
Caſars Tri-
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peys Sons.
Ceſar Difator
perperuall,
The Temple
of clemency
dedicated unto
Caſar for his
courrehe,
Caſſius and
Brutus Prz-
cors,
Caſars ſaying
Good will of
SubjeRs the
beſt guard and
ſafety for
Princes.
Caninius Re-
bilins Conſull
for one day.
Caſar refor-
med the in-
* Mercedonius
_ mercd- borween : but it was a
; made in the account 0
Why Caeſar
was hated,
common People alſo, to ſee that he ſhould ſo lightly eſteem of the Magiſtrates of the Common-
wealth : inſomuch as every man that might lawfully go his way, departed thence very ſorrowfully.
Thereupon alſo Ceſar riſing , departed home to his houſe, and tearing open his Doubler Coller , ma-
king his neck bare , he cried out aloud to his Friends , that bis Throat was ready to offer to any
man that would come and cut it. Notwithſtanding , it is reported , that afterwards to excuſe his
folly , be imputed it to his diſcaſe, ſaying , that their wits arenot perfect which have this diſeaſe of
the falling-Evill , when ftanding on their feet they ſpeak to the common People , but are ſoon
troubled with a trembling of their Body, and a ſuddain dimneſs and giddineſs. But that was nor
true , for he would have riſen up to the Senate, but Corne/ivs Balbay one of his friends ( or rather a
Harterer ) would not let him, ſaying : what , do you not remember that you are of" «ſar ,and will
ou not let them reverence you, and do their duties ? Beſides theſe occaſions and offences , there fol-
owed alſo his ſhame and reproach, abuſing the Tribunes of the People in this ſort. Ar that time the
The Feaſt Feaſt Lupercalia was celebrated, the which in old time, men ſay was the Feaſt of Shepheards or Herd-
Lupercatie., gen, and is muchlike unto the Feaft of the Ly ca1ans in ARcaDia. But howſoever itis , that
day there are divers noble mens Sons, young men, ( and ſome of them Magiſtrates chemſelyes that go-
vern them ) which run naked through the City, ſtriking in ſport them they meer in their way, with
Leather thongs , hair and all on , ro make them give place, And many noble Women and Gentle-
women alſo , go of purpoſe to ſtand in their way , and do put forth their hands to be ſtricken., as
Scholars hold them out to their School-maſter , tg be ſtricken with the terula :; perſwading them-
ſelves
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ſelves that being with Child , they ſhall have good delivery ; amd ſo being barren , that ic wi -_
chem to —__ with Child. Cie ſate to behold that ſport upon he Pulpir for ra ag _
Chain of Gold, apparelled in triumphant manner, Axa who was C onlull at chat time, was Aptontur he;
one of them that ran thisholy courſe, So when he came into the Market-place , the People Conlal _
made a lane for him to run gt liberty , and be came to Ceſar , and preſented him a Diademe ®** of the L u-
wreathed about with Lawrell, Whereupon there roſe a certain cry and rejoycing , nor very great, ?*r*tians.
done onely by a few appointed for the purpoſe. But when Ceſar refuſed the Diademe , then all ep th Di.
the people together made an outcry of joy, Then Axtonixs offering it him again, there was aſe. ademe to C6.
cond ſhout of joy , bur yet of a few. But when Czſar refuſed-it again the ſecond time, then all /*7- -
the whole People ſhouted. Ceſar having made this proof, found that the People did not like of i,
and thereupon roſe our of his Chair, and commanded the Crown to be carried unto 7 «piter in the
Capitoll, After that , there was ſet up Images of Ceſar in the City, with Diademes upon their
heads like Kings, Thoſe , the two Tribunes, Flavss and AMaralus , went and pulled down, and
furthermore , meeting with them that firſt ſaluted {2/ar as King , they commicted them to Priſon.
The People followed them rejoycing at it , and called them Brures, becauſe of Brr4, who had in
old rime driven the Kings out of ROE, and that brought the Kingdom of one perſon, unto the
Government of the Senate and People. Ceſar was ſo offended withall , that he deprived MMarnltus
and Flavixs of their Tribuneſhips, and accuſing them , he ſpake alſo againſt the People, and called
them Bratz and ({umaxi , to wit , beaſts and fools. Hereupon the Peop.e went ſtraight unto Aſar-
cus Brutus , who from his Father came of the firſt Brarwus , and by his Mother of the houſe of the
Serviliansa noble houle as any wasin ROME, and was alſo Nephew and Son in Law of Marcrs
Cato, Notwithſtanding , the greac honours and favour Ce/ar ſhewed unto him , kept him back that © faved
of himſelf alone he did not conſpire nor conſent to depoſe him of his Kingdom. For Ceſar did 2 Brutus
not onely ſave his lite, after the Battell of PHarsAL1a when Pompey fied, and did at his requeſt mocne Þ.
alſo ſave many more of his friends beſides : but furthermore , he put a marvellous confidence in him. /alis, :
For he had already preferred him ro the Prztorthip tor that year , and furthermore was appoin-
ted to be Conſull the fourth year after that, having through (/ars friendſhip obtained ic before
Caſſinws, who likewiſe made fuit for the ſame : and Caſar alſo, as it is reported, fad in this conten-
tion , indeed {aſi hath alledged beft reaſon , bur yer ſhall be not be choſen before Brat, Some
one day acculing Br»#w« while he praQtiſed this conſpiracy , {ſar would not hear of it, but clap-
ing his hand on his body , told them , Br»tw will look for this skin ; meaning thereby , that Bywzus Brutus conſpic
bor his Vertue deſerved to rule after him , but yet , that for ambitions ſake , he would not ſhew him. 7th againſt
{elf unthankfyll or diſhonourable. Now they that deſired change , and wiſhed Brut onely their ©*/®:
Prince and Governour above all other , they durſt not come to him themſelves to tell him what
they would have him to do , but in the nightdid caſt ſundry wy into the Prztors ſeat , where
he gave Audience , and the moſt of them to this efte& : Thou (leepeſt Bratz ; and art not Brut ws
indeed. Caſſis finding Byatws ambition ſtirred up the my theſe ſeditious Bills , did prick him Caſſius icrerh
forward , and edge him on the more,for a private quarrell he had conceived againſt Ceſar : the cir- up Ra
cumſtance whereof, we have ſtt down at large in Brutw life. Ceſar allo. bad Caſſius in great gainſt Ceſar,
jealouſie , and ſuſpected him much : whereupon he ſaid on a timers his friends, what wilt Caſts do,
think ye ? I like not his pale looks, Another time when Ce/ars friends complained unto him of
Antonius and Dol abella , that they pretended ſome miſchief rowards him : be anſwered them again,
As for thoſe fat men and ſmooth combed heads, quoth he, I never reckon of them ; but theſe pale
viſaged and carrion lean People, 1 fear them moſt , meaning Brazws and Caſſie, Certainly , deſti-
ny may caſter be foreſeen then avoided , conſidering the ſtrange and wonderfull Signs that were
faid to be ſeen before Ceſars death. Fox , rouching the Fires in the Element, .and Spirits run- Predifionzand
ning up and down in the night, and alſo the ſolizary Birds to be ſeen at noon days fitting in the foreſhewy of
great Market-place , are not all.theſe Signs perhaps worth the noting , in fuch a wonderfull chance Cſzrt death;
as happened ? But Srrabo the Philoſopher writeth, that divers men were ſeen going up and down
in. fixe : and furthermore, that there was a Slave of the Souldiers , that did caſt a marvellous burning
flame our of his hand , infomuch as they that faw it, thought he had been burnt; when the Fire
was out, it was found he had no hurt. Ceſar ſelf alſo doing Sacrifice unto the gods , found that one
of the Beaſts which was ſacrificed had no Heart : and that was a ſtrange thing in nature : how a Beaft
could live without a Heart, Furthermore there was a certain Sooth(ayer , that had given C/ar
warning long time afore , to take beed of the day of the Ides of 2ſarch, ( which is the fifteenth of cr: day of
the Moneth ) for on that day he ſhould be in great danger. That day being come, Ce/ar going unto his death Pro.
the Senate-Houſe , and ſpeaking merrily unto the Soothſayer, told him the 1des of Afarch be come : pom—_ by
So they be, ſoftly anſwered the Soothlayer , but yer are they not paſt. And the very day before, 6 CUI
Ceſar ſupping with Marcus Lepida , ſealed certain Letters as he was wont to do at the Board : ſo
talk falling our amongſt them, reaſoning what death was beſt , he preventing their opinions , cried
out. aloud , Death unlooked fer. Then going to bed the ſame night, as his manner was, and lying
with his Wite Calpwrnia , all the Windows and Doors of his Chamber flying open , the noiſe awoke
him;, and; made-him afraid when he ſaw ſuch light : bur more , when he heard his Wife i/parnia,
being faſt aſleep, weep and ſigh, and put forth many fumbling lamentable ſpeeches : for” ſhe The Dream
dreamed that, («ſar was (lain., and that ſhe had. bim in her Arms. Others alſo dodeny that ſhe CO
had any ſuch dream, as amongſt other , Tirw Livime writeth , that it was in this ſort : The Senate CE TER,
having ſer upon. the top of Ce/ars Houſe for an Ornamenr and ſerting forth of the lame , a on
Pinnacle,
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Pinnacle , Calpwrnia dreamed that ſhe ſaw it broken down , and that ſhe thought the lamented
and wept for it. Tnſomuch that Cz/ar riſing in the morning , ſhe prayed him if it were poſſible,
not to go out of the doors that day ,' but to adjournthe Seſſion of the Senate untill another day.
And if that hemade no reckoning of her Dream , yet that he would ſearch further of the Sooths
ſayers by their Sacrifices, to know what ſhould happen him that day. Thereby ir ſeemed that C2/ar
likewiſe did fear or ſuſpe& ſomewhat , becauſe his Wife Calp»rnia untill that time was never given
to any fear and ſuperſtition : and that then he ſaw her ſo troubled in mind with this Dream ſhe
; had. But much more afterwards , when the Sootbſayers having ſacrificed many Beaſts one alter
_ Brutus another , told him that none did like them : then he determined to ſend Antoni to adjourn
_ ,. the Seſſion of the Senate, 'But in the mean time came Decius Brutus, firnamed Albinus,in whom
ſar. Ceſar put ſuch confidence , that in his laſt Will and Teſtament he had appointed him to be his next
Meir , and yet was of the conſpiracy with Caſſizs and Brut : he fearing that if Ceſar did adjourn
the Seilion that day , the conſpiracy would be betrayed, laughed art the Soothſayers, and reproved
Ceſar , ſaying , that he gave the Senate occaſion to miſlike with him , and that they might think he
mocked them , conſidering that by his commandment they were afſembled , and that they were
ready willingly to grant him all things, and to proclaim him King of all his Provinces of the Em-
pire of ROME out of ITALY, and that he ſhould wear his Diadem in all other places both by Sea
and Land, And furthermore , that if any man ſhould tell them from him , they ſhould depart for
that preſent time, and return again when Calpxrnia ſhould bave better Dreams, what would his
Enemies and ill-willers ſay , and how could they like of his Friends words ? And who could perſwade
them otherwiſe , but that they would think his Dominion a ſlavery unto them , and ryrannicall in
himſelf? And yer if it beſo, ſaid he, that you utterly miſlike of this day , 'it is better that you go
your ſelf in perſon, and ſaluting the Senate , to diſmiſs them till another time, Therewithall he cook
- orkqp— A Ceſar by the hand, and brought him our of his Houſe, Ceſar was not gone far from his Houſe, but
intotheSenate. a 'bondman , a tranger , did what he could to ſpeak with him : and when he ſaw he was put back
Houſe. © by the great preſs and multitude of People that followed him , he went ftraight into his Houſe, and
The tokens of put himfelf into Calpmrnia's hands, to be kept till Ceſar came back again, telling her that he had
EPRncy greater matters to 'mpart unto him. And one eArtemidor alſo born in the Iſle of Gn1pos, a
again Caſs Doctor of Rhetorick inthe Greek Tongue , who by means of his Profeſſion was very familiar with
cettain of -Br#tus Confederates , and therefore knew the moſt part of all their praftifes againſt Ce-
ſar, came and brovght him a fittle Bill written with his own hand , of all that he meant to tell him,
© . He marking how C2ſar received all the Supplications that were offered him, and that he gave them
ſtraight to his men that were about him prefled nearer to him , and ſaid : Ceſar , read this Memo-
riall to your ſelf, and that quickly , for they be matters of great weight , and touch you nearly.
Ceſar took it of him, but could never read it , though he many times attempred it, for thenum-
ber of People that did ſalute him : but holding it till in his hand , keeping it ro himſelf, went on
withall into the Senate-Houſe, © Howbeit other are of opinion , that it was ſome manelſe that gave
him that Memoriall , and not Artemidorys , who did what he could all theway as he went to give it
Ceſar, but he was always repulſed by the People, For theſe things , they may ſeem ro come by
chance ; but the place where the murther was prepared , and where the <enate were aſſembled, and
where alſo there ſtood up an Image of Pompey dedicated by himſelf amongſt other Ornaments
The p'ace which he gave unto the Theater all theſe were manifeſt proofs , that it was the ordinance of
« 5 S-oqqgg ſome god , that made this trEMon to be executed , ſpecially in that very place, Ir is alſo reported,
that Caſſizs ( though otherwiſe he did favour the dotrine of Epicurws ) beholding the Image of
Pompey , before they entred into the Action of their traiterous enterpriſe, he did ſoftly call upon
it, to aid him : but the inſtant danger of the preſent time, taking away his former reaſon, did
ſuddainly pur him into a furious paſſion , and made him like a man half beſides himſelf, Now
Antonius Ce- Antonius that was a faithfull friend to Ceſar, and a valiant man beſides of his hands, him Decius
ſars fairhfull Byyrus Albinus entertained out of the Senate-Houſe , having begun a long Tale of ſet purpoſe,
friend. So Ceſar coming into the Houſe , all the Senſte ſtood up on their feet to do him honour.
Then part of Bywutus company and ConfederatFFtood round about Ceſars Chair , and part of
_ came towards him , as though they made ſuit with Metellns Cimber, to call homehis
they again from baniſhment : and thus proſecuting till their ſuite, they followed Czſar till
he was ſet in his Chair. Who denying their Petitions , and being offended with them one after
another , becauſe the more they were denied , the more they preſſed upon him , and were the
earneſter with him, Metellus at length, taking his Gown with both his hands , pulled it over
Caſe the brit his neck , which was the fign given the . Confederates ro ſer upon him, Then Ca/ca behind
that Rrook az ÞiM , ſtrake him in the neck with his Sword ; howbeit the wound was not great nor morrtall,
Caſar. becauſe it ſeemed , the fear of ſuch a divelliſh attempt did amaze him, and take his ſtrength from
him, that he killed him not at the firſt blow. But Ce/ar turning ſtraight unto him, caught hold of
his *word, and held irhard, and they both cried out, Ceſar in Latin: O vile Traitor Caſca, what
doeft thou ? And Caſca in Greek to his Brother , Brother , help me. At the beginning of his tir,
they that were preſent , mot knowing of the conſpiracy , were ſo amazed with the horrible ſight they
ſaw , they had no power to flie, neither to help him , nor ſo much as once to make an outcry.
They on the other fide that had conſpired his death, compaſſed him in on every fide with their Swords
drawn in- their hands , that Ceſar turned him no where, but he was ſtricken at by ſome , and ſtill had
naked Swords in his face,and was hackled and mangled among them, as a wild beaft taken of Hunters.
For
Fs #< aw £ \ s
b p >
[4 wy 3
«Ka
& 615
F agreed among them , that every man ſhould give him a wound, becauſ
"Monld"be in his. murther . - loa Brutws bimſelf Aauytugdis wound about his
report alſo, that Ceſar did ſtill defend bile ag
when he ſaw Br: with \bis, Sword drawn in his hand , then he pulled
made no more reſiſtance , and was'driven either caſually or purpoledly,
ſpirators , againſt the baſe , whereupon Pompeys Ima
was ſlain, Thus it ſeemed.chat the Image took |
-
L
revenge of Po
- upon him. For it is reported, that he had three-and tweny wounds u
the conſpirators did byrt themſelves , ry ny. Thne body with fo many blows.
ſain , the Senate ( though Brut ſtood an” the middeſt
ſaid ſomething touching Katy Faſt preſently ran out of the houſe, and fly
with marvellous fear and tumult. Inſomuch as ſome did ſhut to the
their Shops. and Ware-houſes, and others ran to the place tg ſee what the matter was : and others
alſo that had ſeen it , ran home to their Houſes again. But Atorius and Lepidng,which were two
of Ceſars chieteſt friends , ſecretly conveying themlelyes away, fled into other mens Houſes , and
forſook their. own, Br#t#s and his Contederates on the other fide , being yet hot with this mur-
ther they had committed , having their Swords drawn in their hands, came all in a Troepyoge
ther our of the Senate , and went into the Market-place , not as men that made countenance to flie,
but otherwiſe , boldly holding up their heads like men of courage, and called to the People to de-
fend their liberty , and ſtayed to ſptak with every great Perſonage , whom they met in their way.
Of them , ſome followed this Troop , and went amongſt them, as if they had been of the conſpira-
cy , andfal(ly challenged part of the honour with them : amongſt them was Caius Of avins and Len-
tulus Spinther. But both of them were afterwards pur to death for their vain covetouſneſs of
honour , by Antonius , and Oftavins Ceſar the younger , and yet had nopart of that honour for the
which they were both put ro death , neither did w_ man beleeve that they were any of the Confe-
derates or of counſell with them. For they that did put them to death , took revenge rather of the
will they had to offend, then of any Fact they had comminted. The next morning, By»rxs and his
Confederates came into the Market-place to ſpeak unto the People , who gave theta ſuch Audience,
that it ſeemed they neither greatly reproved nor allowed the Fat : for by their great ſilence they
ſhewed that they were ſorry for Ceſar: death , and alſo that they did reverence B-»t##s, Now the
Senate granted generall pardon for all that was paſt, and to pacifie every
» filled all the C uy
yas , vthers forlcok
man, ordained beſides , that.
all their paxts
$ Privities, Men
ainſt the reſt, runging every Way with his Body : bur
his Gown over his head, and
, by the..counſell of the con-
e ſtood which ran all of a goar bloud cill he
| | | | mpeys Enemy , being thrown
down on the ground at his feet, and yeelding yp the ghoſt there , for -\ awe 2 cet —_— he had
pon his body : and divers of
When Ceſar was twenty wounds
amongſt them , as thgugh he would have *P9* him.
Cc e/arſlain and
had three and
The Murrher-
ers of Ceſar d0
A ro the Mar-
et place.
C aſars Fung-
Ceſars Funerals ſhould be honoured as a god, and eſtabliſhed all things that he had done, and gave *2*
certain Provinces alſo , and convenient honours unto Brzt#s and his Confederates, whereby ev
man thought all things were brought to good peace and quietneſs again.-- But when they had 0-
pened. Ce/ars Teſtament , and found a liberall Legacy of Afoney bequeathed unto every Citizen of
Rome , and that they ſaw his body (which was brought into the Market-place ) all bemangled with
aſhes of Swords , then there was no Order to keep the multitude and common People quiet, bur
they plucked up Forms, Tables and$tools , and laid them all abour the body , and ſetting them afire,
burnt the Corps. Then when the fire was well kindled , they took the Fire-brands , and went unto
their Houſes that had ſlain Ceſar to ſet them afire. Other alſo ran up and down the City to ſee if
they could meet with any of them, to cut them in pieces : howbeit thgy could meer with never a man
of them, becauſe m___ locked themſelves up ſafely in their Homes. There was one of Ce/ars
friends called Ci»n4 that had a marvellous ftrange and terribleDream the night before, He dreamed
that Ce/ar bad him to Supper, and that he retuſed and would not go : then that C2ſay took him by
the hand, and led him againſt his will, Now Cana hearing at that time, that they burnt Ceſars body
in the Market-place, notwithſtanding that he feared his Dream , and had an Ague on himbeſides,
he went into the Market-place to honour his Funerals, When he came thither , one ofthe mean
ſort asked him what his Name was? He was ſtraight called by his Name. The firſt man told it
to another, and that other unto another , ſo that ir ran ſtraight through them all, cha, he was
one of them that murthered Ceſar : ( for indeed one of the Traitors to Ceſar , was alſo” called
Cinna as himſelf) wherefore taking him for C;»xa the Murtherer , they fell upon bim with
fury , that they preſently diſpatched him in the Marker-place, This ſtir and fury made Braſs
and Caſſizs more afraid then of all that was paſt , and therefore within few days atter they depar-
ted out of Rows : and touching their doings afterwards , and what calamity they (uffered till their
deaths, we have written it at large in the life of Brut#s. Ceſardicd at fix and fifcy years of age,
and Pompey alſo lived not paſſing tour years more then he. So he reaped no other fruit of all
his Reign and Dominion , which he had ſo vehemently deſtred all bis life , and purſued with fuch
extream d
Cinna"s Dream
of Caſar,
The Murther
of Cinna.
Caſar fix and
fifty years old
ar his death.
, butavain Name onely, and a ſuperficiall Glory , that procured him the envy and The revenge
hatred of his Countrey, But his great proſperity and good fortune that . favoured bim all his life —_—
time, did continue afterwards in the revenge of his death , purſuing the Murtherers both by Sea and
' Land , tiff they had nor left a man more to be executed , for all
Caſſius being
b a
that were AcRors or C oun- Bo yn
ſellers in the conſpiracy of his death, Furthermore, of all the chances that happen unto men upon Phitippes, flew
the Earth , that which came to Caſſi»s a
come in Battell at the jo of PHILIPPES, | |
ſtrake Ceſar. Again, of fgns in the Element , the great Comer , which ſeven nights together
bove all other, is moſt to be wondered at : for he being over- himſelf with
ſlew himſelf wich the ſame Sword with the which he *Þe {c!if-fame
Sword where-
with be ſtrake
was ſeen very bright after Ceſar: death , the eight night after was never ſeen more. Allo the bright- c,(zr,
neſs
FE
Gs
ALEXANDER and
Wonders ſeen ob, whereby it gave but ſmall heat”: therefore the'Ayr being very tly
inthe Element ef gf the heat , | |
after Ceſars
death.
AgreatComet.
Brutus Viſion.
A Spirit ap
peared unto
Spirit unro
Brutus.
The ſecond ap-
pearing of the '
Brutus,
nefs of the Sun was darkned ,' the which all that Yet" through” xg
at could not cotne;forth, did caufe che Earth ro 'brihg forth but raw and untipe
Fruit, which rotted before it could 'tipe. But above all, the ghoft, at' appeared tnito ” Br urs
ſhewed plainly , tht the gods were offended with the murther/6f C2ſar. The Viſion was thus :
By«tus being ready to paſs over his Army ' from the City of Ax, D0S'to the other "Coaſt lying di:
rely againſt ir ; Nlepr every night (as Is manner Fes his Teti ; arid being yet 'awake', rhink-
ing of his Affairs, (for by report he was ascarefull's Captain, and4ivedwith as lictle fletp asever
man did ) he thought he heard a noiſe ar his Tent door', and lbokihg rowards the light! of 'the Lamp
that waxed very dim , he ſaw a horrible Viſion of a'man;,”of a wonderfull greatneſs ; and '' dreadful
look; which at the”firft made him marvellouſly afrait. But wherihe faw that ir did bimno burr :
bur ſtood by his bed-fide , and "aid nothing, at" length he asked him what be was.” 'Fhe' Timage
anſwered him : I am thy ill Angell, Br«:#s, and thou ſhalt fee me'by the City of Paitrp gs.
Then Br»t replied again, and faid', Well , 1 ſhall ſee rhee then. Therewithall,, the Spirit preſen-
ly vaniſhed from him, After that rime , Brat being in Battell neaf”btito the City '6ff P11 1 p-
PES, againſt Antonius and Oftavims Ceſar , at the; firſt Bartel|he wan the ViRory'? and over-
throwing all them that withſtood; him , he drave them into young* Cefars Camp;,' which he took.
The ſecond Battell' being at hand , this Spirit appeared again unto him, «but fpake never a word.
Thereupon Bry»:s knowing that he ſhould die, did put himſelf ro alt hazard in Battell, but yet
fighting could nor'be ſlain. So ſeeing his men put to flight and, overthtown , he ran-vurito a little
Rock not far off, and there ſerting his Swords point to his breaſt , fell upon it, -and ſlew himſelf ,
but yet , as it is reported, with the help of his Friend that diſpatched hith, k
The end of the Life of Julius Czfar. Yo}
THE COMPARISON/OF
ALEXANDER the Gy
with FULIUS CASAUR ©
<>.
—
[' & —_ Ka NS —
[SECS
W
IG . \
$2 OY
ll
Nering into Conſideration of Alexander and Ceſar , , it is an eaſie
matter to ſpeak, and much eaſier to prove , that they are two of the
(|| braveſt Chieftains of War, that are to be noted in his Hiſtories : that
[ their Vertues out of War are excellent, and gave great reſemblance
[ together : that both 'of them were Nobly born , Learned, Eloquent,
Liberall , Moderate , very loving to their Friends and Servants , and won-
{ derfull much made of , and obeyed of Captains and Souldiers of their
| Armies, and mercifull even totheir Enemies : that even from their youth
2 they made good proof of the future greatneſs. of their courages : that
their exploits are altogether admirable : that they be two Miracles for
, Military Diſcipline, whether a man doth look into the ſhortneſs of the. tume of their Wars , and
the Countries which they have paſſed through , as it were with the turning of a hand : or that they
behold the Enemies they have overcome , the Towns and Provinces they have conquered ; their
Wiſdom, Valour, and Happineſs , having never received repulſe , but always carrying ViRory in
their hands , and making Valour their advantage with an aſſured good dire&ion. Both' of | A
were in.marvyellous danger of their Perſons, the one in the City of the MaLi1ans , the other in
SPAIN , againſt the Son of Powpeins, Both of them were by Soothſayersexpreſly told _
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death , how they loved and reſpeted. Both of them in the mean ſpace ( as it blind-fold'
did throw t Taletves into danger , from the which men would have karen ho aa voy
meerly conſiders the Life of either of them , ſhall tid himſelf in a Field , whereof the eye Cannot
ſee the end , nor the divers ways .object unto it, bur remaineth dazled , not knowing whether ro
point it , he ſeeth ſ@ many things at once before him. 1f he come to prefer the Life ot the one he.
tore the other, he entreth into an Ocean of difcourſe , and cannot tell which of the two he ſhould
chuſe , nor to what poxt to $9 to diſcharge himſelf of this man here , before the other there . yet
to encourage ſome body to fail inthis Sea , let us row to the Shoar : and ( to ſpeak plainly with-
out figure ) let us ſee wherein the'one dorh pals the other, roleaverhe Reader his free judgement
of thar we will ſay. Art this preſent I will in few words ſhew what may be obſerved moſt memorable
in the Adoleſcency of the' one and of the other, of their Exploits of War , of their Vices and
Vertues , of their Death, and what followed after, I plead firſt for Alexander, not mentioning
his Race , his Beauty , nor the ſweetneſs of his Body , which they ſpeak of ſo much ; all thar being
nothing worth-.in reipe&t of Vertue : his continency unto Women,and tor that be did moderately uſe
the exerciſes of his Body , doch ſo much the more condemn Ceſar: exceſs and fraily of his youth,
doing and ſuffering filthy things, not to be ripped up any further. The ambition of Alexander
came of a ngbfe. mind , as witnefleth that he ſpake of the running at the Games Olympicall , his diſ-
courſe with ihe Ambadſadours of PERS14, andrhe complaint he made to his Companions ' that his
Father would leavehim nothing ro conquer, Whereas {Ceſar after he had remained ſometime in N1-
COMEDIA ang in GREECE , he caft himlelf into the arms of the common People at Rows
being bountiful , and making Qrations to gain their hearts, ſuing for petty Offices finely to attain
ro the greater. To conclude , he took a quite contrary courſe unto Alexander , who traced the
great Royall broad way to Vertue , to become one day the Honour of the World : and alſo to his
School-maſter the learnedft man of all men , and ſhewed himſelf indeed a moſt worthy Diſciple of
Ariſtotle. - But Ceſar pricked forward by his naturall wit, and tyrannicall manners of his time,
was poſſeſſed ( in an unlucky hour for him and his Countrey ) with the incollerable Vice of ſelf.
will and ambition , which was cauſe of his death, The love that Alexa»der bore from his Infancy
unto Learning and Learned-men , makes him far excel] other Princes. The Honour that he di
unto Homer the Poet , returned again to himſelf : how praiſe-worthy are his courteſies and
liberaliry unto Djogenes, Xenocrates , and others ? To the contrary , Ceſar never ſeemed to care
for any man , þyt for himſelf ; or if he have regarded ſome , or = Gold and Silver by handfuls,
it was but to gajn men, and by degrees to ſetve his turn to raiſe him to that greatneſs he aimed
at, rather then for any other conſideration, Now as may be ſaid of the one and the other ,
he was,
In Connſell wiſe : and valorons in Fioht,
And to ſpeak truly , it is their true and right Title of Honour , and the advantage they have of all
thoſe that have gone before them : ler us ſee if we can alittle in particular qualifie Alexander.
A ſtaray Waſps, never fearing harms ,
And dreadful to is Enemies in Arms :
As ſaith «£ ſch;ls : for what was all his War in As 1 after the death of Phil;pps, but Tempeſts,
extream Heats , wonderfull deep Rivers, marvellous high Mountains , monſtrous Beaſts for great-
neſs to beho!d , wild ſavage faſhions of life, change and alteration of Governours uponevery occaſion,
yea Treaſons and Rebellions of ſome? Ar the beginning of his Voyage, GREECE did yet lay their
heads together , for remembrance of the Wars that Ph;/ipps made upon them , the Towns gather-
ed together , MAc£DoN: A inclined to ſome change and alteration, divers People far and nearlay
in wait to ſee what their neighbours would de, the Gold and Silver of PER$s14 Rowing in the Ora-
tors Purſes and Governours of the People in every Town did raiſeup Peloponneſe : Philipps Treafure
and Coffers were empty , and the debts were great. Indeſpite of all rheſerroubles, and in the mid-
deſt of his poverty , a young man, but newly come to mans eftate , durſt in his mind think of the
Conqueſt of As 1 a,yea of the Empire of the whole World, with thirty thouſand Footmen , and five
thouland Horſe , or ( as ſome other think ) with five and forty thouſand Footmen, and five thouſand
and five hundred Horſe ; having to entertain this War in ready Money but two and forty thouſand
Crowns, or ( as D4r Writeth ) proviſion of ViRtuals and Money bur for thirty days ; howbeit he
was furniſhed with Magnanimity , with Temperance , with Wiſdom and Valour, being more holpen
in this Martiall Enterpriſe, with that he had learned of his Tutor Ar:ftotle , then with that which
bis Father Philippus had left him : he was armed with a juſt quarrell againſt the Px x $14 s, ſworn
Enemies unto GREECE , unto whom they had done infinite wrongs and injuries, his Magnanimi-
try and Valiantneſs appeared in all Fights , were it in a pitched Field , or in Afaults raking ot
Towns, never ſparing his perſon , having been grievoully wounded in ſundry Fights, Whacr
Valour ſhewed he in the City of the MALL1aNs , he himfelf alone againſt ſo many barbarous
People ? With what conſtancy did he encourage his Surgeons to pluck out a dart that Ruck faſt in
his Breaſt ? Let no man , ſaich he, be ſo faint-hearted gor cowardly , no, not if my life were in
ueſtion , I could not think that a man would beleeve I feared death , if he had any feeling or
far in my behalf, Now for a man in twelve years ſpace and leſs, ro have done theſe things ,
and to have travelled a Conquerour the moſt part of the World , is a commendation paſling mens
underſtanding. Ceſar on the contrary part , baving made his preparations long betore , happily
found Cyaſſu« to pay his debts he ought, to the end to corrupt the City of Rowe : and happily
aving
CO — AS A As
618
ALEXANDER and "NS
having praiſed a dang&ous League with Pompeigr , be taketh Arms , and entreth'1 {6 Franc,
where his ſubtilties did him as good ſervice as his Arms : in the mean ſpace , he had his means,
through whoſe aid, in theend he overthrew the whole ſtate of the Common-wealth of Roms.
Now Alexander is not ſo admirable , for that by his Prowels he overcame his Enemics, as he was
by the wonderfull wiſe and vertuous behaviour in the middeſt of his Armes, where [indeed he ſhewed
himſelf a perfe& Philoſopher ; whereof it is good to alleadge ſome examples that ſhall bring us to
the goodly diſcourſe of the Vertues of this Prince, ſurpaſiing Ceſar ih that reſpet, Therefore
we may ſee his Proweſs accompanied with great Juſtice, a ſweet Temperance, an excellerit Bounty,
2 good order and exquiſite Wiſdom : dircRing all things-by good diſcretion and ripe -Judgemenr.
In all his doings you ſhall hardly diſcerne, that is a deed of Yalour , that of Humanity, that of
Patience : but all his Exploits ſeemed to be mingled and compounded of all the Vertues together.
Yetit is true, that always in every Action, there is a Vertue eminent above the others :* but thar
pointeth them aſl ro one end. In Alexanders Attions they ſee, that his Valiantneſs is gentle; and his
gentleneſs Valiant : his Liberaliry , Husbandry , his choler ſoon down , his loves, Temperate , his
Paſtimes not idle , and his Travels gracious. *What is he that hath mingled-Feaſting with Wars, and
military Expeditions with Sports > Who hath intermingled in the middeſt of his befieging of Towns,
and in the middeſt of Skirmithes and Fights, Sports, Banquets , and Wedding-Songs ? Who was ever
more Enemy to thoſe that did wrong , or more gracious to the afflifted > Who was ever
more crvell to thoſe that fought , or more juſt unto Suppliants ? Ler us bring forth * Por witty ſay-
ings who being brought priſoner before Alex ander,and by him asked how he would be uſed:he anſwer.
ed: Like a King, So Alexander following on till , asked him if he would ſay any thing more: No,
ſaid he, for all is contained in that word onely. And ſo may they in. all Alexangers deeds, to his
Friends and Enemies, at the beginning and end of his Life add too this Verſe:
Like a wiſe man.
How lived he? Like a wiſe man. How carried he himſelf in all his exploits of War ?, Like a wiſe
2:an, How hath he converſed amongſt men openly and privatly ? Like a wiſe man. He bath ſome
faults in his behaviour, and we wall not forget to ſpeak of them, * But as all rules have their ex-
ceptions , and yet therefore not to be taken away : and a pimple or wart ſhall not-ſtain the per-
fetions of the Face otherwiſe very fair : ſo 4lexanders follies and imiperfeRtions, catinot take a-
way this Honour from him, which wiſe men give him. 1f we'would here help, our ſelves with
Examples, we ſhould write that which PJtarch hath ſo learnedly/and briefly gathered our of ſo
many good Authors, who took: pleaſure to do that in the Life of Alexander , which ay judge
Xenophoy did in Cyrus : to wit, to ſet before all men the patternof 'a Prince compleat in all Ver-
tues. And whereas (/ar diftained his Life with a continuall violent defire to ſubdue his Countrey,
committing a greater fault in the laſt Wars, and towards the end of his Life , then if he bad laien
with his own Mother : as alſo this damnable illuſion did torment him the night before he entred
into ITALIE to violate the Liberty of ROME , Alexander was not pricked torward but by Ver-
rue it ſelf, to begin a juſt War worthy of a great King ,”Not of purpoſe to ſet his feet upon the
throats of the GREExs, but to bring all the Wotld to a peaceable and happy Government.
His Wars made the GREtx s ſhed no tears. Ce/ar filled all his Countrey with fire and tears.
Alexander Keeping his Souldiers under obedience, ſuffering none of them that followed' him to com-
mit any diſorders, he brought the barbarous People through the : help of his Friends to be civill,
Ceſar undid ſome of his Friends, others forſook him ,” he filled Rome with the inſolency of his
Souldiers , and ſowed there the grains of infinite confuſtons that came out of his Bloud. But what
hath been the continency of A/exaxder , to whom all things ſucceeded as he wiſhed? He would not
ſee the Ladies that were priſoners , and through his Temperance was as much Conquerour of their
beauties , avpm genes © he was in the flower of his age, and of a luſty-complexion) as of the
Proweſs of men by his Valiantneſs : yea he- made leſs account of thoſe Women they ſhewed him,
then of thoſe that he never ſaw. And where he was gracious to all ſort of People , he ſhewed
himſelf as untoward to them that were fair. How did he threaten Philoxexws , that would have
bought him two Boys of a Merchant of TaxtnTum? And if hedid love Roxane and' Statira,
it was becauſe hewould lawfully marry them, and for the good of his affairs : and not as Ce/ar,
that forgat himſelf roo much in thoſe matters. But furthermore ,- what praiſe deſerveth. Alexander,
that will not ſteal a ViRory ? O how noble is his courage, that would not accept D arixs offers :
but would needs have GREECE command As14 , as it was requiſite ! What diligence ufed he in
following of his Enemie ? and otherwiſe what compaſſion took he of the unworthy death of
him? how did he puniſh Beſſws ? All his former behaviour ſhewerh that he had a good and a true
Kingly mind in him : that he loved not Traitours, nor Treaſon , and would not overcome but with
honour. Ceſar indeed did purſue Pompey , but he did not puniſh'the murderers, til he had diſco-
vered that they conſpired againſt him. Now to make anend of that we have to fay for Alexander :
we may gather out of the diſcourſe of his Life, that the divine Providence made a Preſent unto
this Prince of the Vertues moſt apparent in all the qther Noble Grxzzxs and Romans :
who beſides his Piety , Juſtice , and Equity , in his adverſity he ſtrengthened bimſelf with hope : in
proſperity , environed with flatterers , he was not drunk with his greatneſs , he did acknowledge
he was mortall, and humbled himſelf-many wayes : he is wonderfull patient, beareth the hard
words of his familiars : he neither taketh Pen nor Sword -in hand to' be revenged of thoſe that of-
fended him , thinking it a worthy thing'in a King to ſuffer himſelf ro be blamed , and to hear ill
0
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2-4 FNDER and CASAR.
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ao @ hearty affe&ion and great honour to his friends, even for their ſakes to forbear
his Ownaecellary commodities , to write unto them familiarly , and to have a ſpeciall care of their
perſons; ind of their affairs. He provided his ſervants pay of creditors fix millions of gold due for
bis ſouldiers. He ſent out of As14a into GREEcE the like ſum to build Temples again to their
gods, in place of thoſe which the Pzxs1a Ns had overthrown. To conclude, in the midſt of his
affairs he ſhewed an aſpiring and invincible valour , not being faint-hearted for any danger whatſoe-
ver, 1t is true that (ſar in this caſe had many things common with him, as we will tell you herealter,
This notwithſtanding Alexander always kept himſelf conſtant , and after ſuch a manner , that he
followed not vice , neither ſeemed he ſo much to blemiſh' goodly vertues as the- other. Among other
vices , they blame Alexandey for drunkennels and choler. 1 will neither excuſe the one nor the 0-
ther in him : bur as for his laſt, there was never Prince that would ſooner confeſs
had done them through this vehemency of his , whereunto he was ſomewhat given by nature : it may
be ſaid alſo that Clirws , ({l;ſtbenes , and ſome others that felt the force of his anger , were the chief
cauſe and motive of it , and had brought the milchief upon themſelves. And to ſpeak the troth , there
is no reaſon that a ſervant much made of by his maſter , ſhould ſtand ſo bighly upon himſelf, that he
will bear nothing, but willfully run his head againſt a ſtone which he might eaſily have avoided , if he
could but have kept his rongue , and given place to his fury that could preſently undo him. Every
man will condemn Alexander for his ill uſage of the |ND1 a x ſouldiers , coming out of a Town
upon his word given them. And as for the Phuloſophers , it is a matter whereof ſomewhat may be
ſaid, wherein they ſhould have been more ſpate in their practiſes, to have done longer ſervice to their
Country,and not to have provoked ſo much a puiffant and victorious enemy. And as for the Nation of
the COSSEIANS , in gat he utterly deſtroyed them for ſacrifice of the funerals of Hepheſtion, it is an
unexcuſable fault , what excuſe ſoever may be made for it, Bur the gracious entertainments he gave
T axiles , and Porws , to ſo many Nations ſubdued , ro ſo many Towns taken : the divers and great
honours he gave unto the Captains of his Army , and the ordinary courſe of his life wonderfull mer-
citull, do foumewhat ſalve the wounds of his unpremeditated choler , and his exceeding grief and
ſorrow for his favourites and familiars, The which we much diſtinguiſh from the ſtrange hatred thar
Ce/ar hidin his heart , againſt all thoſe that hindred his doings, wi:hour regard to any man, And where
he pardoned ſome before and after vi&tory , it was but for his advancement , not for any good will he
bare them : for in Arr1cx he put many of them to death whom he ſuſpeRed, nay he ſpared nor
Cato himſelf after his death. Asfor the tears he ſhed taking Pempeys ſeal, refuſing to ſee the head
of him , nor Theodotw that brought it him : and contrariwile, favouring the ſervants and friends of
the dead, and writing goodly lecters to ROME, which they call, K ſing of his dead enemy : his as that
went before, and followed after, may plainly ſhew, that all that was bur 2 Tragi-comedy ceremoni-
oully ended, although otherwiſe they had had ſo many matters to deal in together , that it was nor
poſlible but that ſome remainder of the ancient knowledge. meeting then in the heart , ſhould ſtir up
ſome inward contrariety within : as alſo it happeneth to men of great courage, that contrary pailions
meeting together, do " fn more. withour, then remaineth within, The wicked Theodo: us deſerved no
teſs then Beſſw : but Ce/ar was not Alexander , neither went he into AG y PT but for the advance-
ment of his affairs, which could not well be compaſſed but by the deſtrution. of Pompey : the which
when he had obtained, made him forget his dury openly. For Alexander: drunkenneſs, ſome defirous
to excuſe it , alledge thar he drank not much, but was long at the Table, and ſpent the time talking
with his friends. As they tell of Cato UTt1can, that he fate at the table with his triends all night
long, untill the morning , whereof ſome ſaid that his buſineſs in the Common-wealth was cauſe, which
he lowed all the day : his hindering him that he had no leaſure to go to his book when night came,
he took great delight ro confer with learned men at his table, If Alexander after he had trayel-
led about ſo many affairs of the Common-wealth , the which he would never leave undone to follow
his own pleaſures , drank ſomewhat liberally among his Caprains , yea ſuppoſe that - he exceeded
meaſure more then once : yet will I not conclude that he made uſe of it,and that he deſerved thename of
a drunkard. I will not excuſe the fault he committed at- the inſtance of Za the Curtifan , nor the
promiſe-that he made of a prize of fix hundred Crowns to his Caprains , unto him that could drink
moſt ;-for it is not in glaſſes and goblets that men ſhould ſhew their ſtrength. Bur there died at this
quaſfing and carrouſing , one and fourty of his Captains. And as for himſelf, truly he was too
lightly led by Medizs , to go drink with him all night , and the next morning: whereupon he fell
ſick, and would not forbear to drink Wine for all that, which caſt him into a Feaver that left him nor.
For whereas they ſay he was poyſoned, it had no likelihood of reaſon in ir. Be it that this Prince did
my; >
619
Alexanders yi.
ces , namely
| : clo.er and
his faults after he drunkennef.
excecd in drinking , yet that notwithſtanding , Wine muſt not drown nor bury ſo many excellent ver- Atex:nders
tues that do ſhine in him in time of peace and war. (ſars intemperancy in his pleaſures, and hisun- dearh and ſuc-
ſatiable ambition, is an extremity without all compariſon more vehement and dangerous then Al-x-
anders choler or cup. And as for his death , as the continuance and greatneſs of his glory was pure
and unſpotted , free from envy, during the ſtrength of his Age , whileſt he lived in this world : fo at-
ter his death this glory held our ſtill in the wonted manner, he being lamented of all his Army , ofall
GREECE and-EuxO PE; many royall branches having ſprung from his ſouldiers, leaving the world
in diviſion to four ſimple Captains , whoſe iflue after tham have continued many years in poſſeſſi-
on- in their parts ' Whereas Ceſar to the contrary , having with-ſo great labour and travel by many
obſcure and: oblique ways, attained to the height of a ſhamefull glory , and which wan him the ha-
tred of the chicfeſt members of the Common-wealth , was immediatly caſt down , liule lamented
Ggg of
celſoars.
Go ALEXANDER &
of thoſe that loved good laws and the good of the ſtate, the which he ſeft turmoued
and which began to make ſome ſhew again under his Nephew , whom the divis ie prov ;
regard to things much more excellent then either heaven or carth ) had in his counſel! devermined to
make him Monarch of the world, As to the contrary, Alexander was happily ſtayed in Bazy10n,
where he was told by the divines , the wicked ſpirit having (according to the knowledge it pleaſed the
juſt Judge to give him ) conjectured and foretold ſomething of that which God had long time before
revealed unto his by his faichfull Prophet, Bur yer after Auguſta, the Empire of Rows fell again
into new misfortunes , and was never but unconftant from that time forward , till in the end it tunk
under her own weight. The like chanced to Alexanders ſucceſſors , but not through his faulr :
and that makes the memory of him more famous, Thus haye you all I can fay of him, Let us
ſpeak ſomething of F«lixs Ceſar allo, not that I pretend to attain to that which may be ſaid of
WhereinCaſar him : for it would require a more ſufficient man then my ſelf to perform that. But to make ſome
ſeemed to excl compariſon with Alexander, whoſe deeds he chancing one day to read of in a book , be fell a weep-
a ama ing , envying the brave exploits of the other, Let us therefore conſider if he have done things that
Ceſare yourb; Came near, or did excell the other. Firſt of all, untoall the noble Ats that may be wricten of
" Alexander in bis youth, I do objet the worthy Act of Ceſar againſt the Pirates, which were more
his priſoners then he theirs , unto whom he paid randſom in ſuch ſort, that he made them repent their
folly that they ever meddled with him, So that uponland they found he was very round with them ,
as alſo their Judge at Sea , though he were bur a young man in their hands, That is but an example
of the reſt of his life, who could abide no companion , and much leſs a maſter , as being born
to all great things , and delighting innothing bur to be excellent in all the rareſt and higheſt things
of the world; as his deeds did witneſs, after he came to bear office inthe gommon-wealth , even
ro the end of his days. Now albeit his eloquence is no ſmall thing to be ſpoRen of , which did him
notable ſervice in many troubleſome encounters , though it was a wonder to ſee the excellency of his
ſtile and grace, lively to expreſs all rhings in ſo fine and goodly terms, that the ſmootheſt Muſes
neither would , nor could ſpeak more ſweetly then he : yet fince we bad rather ſtand upon good
deeds then fair words , let us paſs over this matter , ſo much to ſupport Alexander, and let us ſee
whether it may be received for truth of all men of underſtanding : that Czſar is the moſt excellent
- «an Captain that ever was inthe world, Albeit that Alexander had but a imall means, yet he was
- 7% = Lord of a great Kingdom , he had men and credit, But Ceſar without patrimony of ſuch worth
without money and with few men, performed the greateſt things that may be thought of. Alexan-
der had todo with women and children , if one compare the people he fought with, to thoſe whom
Ceſar overthrew : not in five or fix battells , but in more then fifty , very well ordered , where be
was ever the weaker in number of men, but the greater in valour : never vanquifhed , but ever
victor : and was never hurt that I can tell of, though he would venture even to his laſt, and let his
fleſh go as freely as the meaneſt ſouldicr of. his Legions, And yet in the mean time they ſhall find
he was better ſtayed in his enterpriſes then Alexand:y , that like a {witt running ſtream would fun in-
to any dangers , which indifferently joyneth with all that cometh againſt it, So he was in the heat
of his age, and Ceſar centred intodoings being a man of ripe judgement , and well onwards in years,
To ſay it is a great commendation for a Generall in the field, headlong to put himſelf imo all dangers,
making no difference betwixt bimſelf and a common ſouldier , that is ſomewhat too forward : and
therefore therein I find Ceſar to be preferred before Alexander, onely for that he was not fo for-
ward withour great neceſſity. So that his happineſs defended him in all parts , as alſo for that Alexan-
der ſeemed to have ſought to be beaten. Shall I tell you that {ſar killed a million of enemies, hath
triumphed for a million of others, and hath made an innumerable number to flie ? That in lefs then
ten years while the war in GauLs endured, he wan eight hundred Towns , and ſubdued three
hundred Nations? If I ſhould mention the wars he made in fifteen years ſpace , it would make a
whole book to ſpeak onely but of the praiſes he deſerved, The Sw1TzERs , GErRmans,
Gauls, Romans, AEGYPTIANS, AFRICANS , the ASIANS , and his five triumphs of
ſo many enemies , ſo mighty, and in ſhew ſo invincible , do approve his valour and ſufficiency in all
the parts requiſite in a Chieftain of war. His vertues and happineſs being his Tutors , he got
about him a world of good wills of certain valiant Captains and ſouldiers together , whom he or-
dered ſo well , that he made them ready to perform what he commanded , and having ſuch an un-
matchable carriage towards them , he made them invincible with him ; and in the middeſt of his con-
; tinuall troubles, he did read, meditate, ſpeake, wrote, and left behind him the goodlieſt book that
a Martial man, and one that entertaineth the Muſes , can deviſe to take in his hands, His Orations
were 2 long time held in great reputation among the Romans. And for his reſpe&t unto men
learned, valiant, and vertuous , _- had renounced himſelf, if he had ſhut his Gate againſt ſuch
meri, The dangers Alexander paſſed through were great , but what were they in reſpe& of Ceſars
dangers , envizoned with ſo brave enemies , and in ſo great a number, as were the GauLs , and
Pompey s followers? What foul parts have been pla ed him by ſome of his own people, and
yer he weighed them not ? Bur to the contrary , he red fome of them to run what courſe they
liked beſt : he ſent the carriage and goods to other : he always reſpeRted and honoured his enemies,
When they made no head againft him, And by bis friends he ſent reaſonable conditions unto Pompey,
before he would fight with him. Furthermore, when he entred into wars , being greatly in debt, and
raiſed up with hope , having the chiefeft in RO» his adverſaries, he rook upon him to fight with all
the enemies abroad , and to makg his way indeſpite of the world, tothe ſoveraignity of >"
whic
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pod maſter, nor of ſo many petty Lords. His wonderfy] foreſight ſerved
occurrences , being never prevented in any thing he went about , bur always
Phe defired. His magnanimity weighed more theri any other vertue they could
note inchims + Which is as much as one would ſay , that Ceſar outweighed all the other Captains of
the GrEtxs and Romans. He was almoſt at all the battels: in the wars where he com-
manded , he was never beaten but in his Lieutenants; For the skirmiſh in the which Pomp: y on a
time had the better,it is not worth the ſpeaking of it , becauſe he could not tell how to follow his vi&to-
ry. Anditis a ſingular direction, favoured with a moſt rare happineſs , that amongſt ſo many blows
given, Ceſar never had one given him. 1t he found favour of C-aſſ#s before he went to the wars,
that cannot be imputed any blame to him , ſince he always payed his friends well , and brought his
enemies to reaſon , though they ſer againſt him. 1f juſtice accompanied the proweſs of Alexander,
if he have uſed moderation , gentleneſs, and humility in his viRories, ifhe ſhewed himſelt wiſe and
circumſpe in his purpoſes : what ſhall be ſaid of Ce/ar then? Whoſe gentleneſs is ſo much ſpo-
ken of , that men judge that was one of the occaſions of his death. His paſtimes were very
ſerious : and after he began to deal in affairs , he never played but in good earneſt, and yet would
f
At
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The vertues
and perteCtions
of Ceſar both
in war and
he never loſe his time of recreation, and his pleaſant talk and communication with his friends and $<ace-
familiars. Bur in the middeſt of his victories , how did he uſe hisenemies, and thoſe that ſer them-
ſelves againſt him? He was a lightening of war , that did overthrow all that durſt withſtand him :
and he never meddled with any that yeelded without reſiftance, He was Faithfull , Wiſe , Valiant ,
and Couragious , and did not allow all kind of means to obtain viory : although more then
once he might have ſewed ( as they ſay) the caſe of the Fox , with the $skin of the Lyon.
Bur yet he followed in good time his predeceſſors , although he did finely affault the moſt part ot his
enemies , and deſtroyed the one by the other, Ceſars ambition was very extream, but he covered
it in another manner of ſort then Alexander did ; who paſling over a River , let fall certain words F
plain enough , that he ſought the praile of the ATHEN1lans, And the falſe inventions to make
the glory of his name to continue for ever amongſt the | xp1ans , do not they diſcover a moſt
grols vanity , which did bur labour after that which it could not attain ? But Ceſar deſired carneſt-
ly, and touched the end of his intentions. His prowels is wonderfull gracious , and his gentleneſs
grave and valiant. his liberality ſo great , thatto think what he ſhould give, was more then the
Sift it ſelf , how great ſoever. Alſo he gathered no riches together in the wars , to live afterwards
in deliciouſneſs at his pleaſure : it wasa reward of vertue that he locked up , to recompence men of
yalour , and to leave good ſouldiers a mean tolive by honeſtly at home , when age and their wounds
did conſtrain them to leave wars. He was never weary of any travell more then Alexander : and
gave not himſelf to ſo much eaſe , though he was elder, ſlenderer , and thinner of body , and ſubje&
ro the Falling-ſfckneſs : bur he hardened himſelf againſt it by continual] exerciſe of his body , and
mind , accompanied with an incredible quicknels and diligence. He having left Franc, and
running after Powpesss to BRUNDUS1UM , he ſubdued all IT a L1z in leſs then three weeks, return-
ed again from BxunDus1um to ROME , from whence he went to the heart of Spain, where
he overcame extream hardneſs in the war againſt Afran;us and Petyc5 , and atthe long ſiege of
MARSEILLES, From thence he returned into MacEtpoON1a , wan the battell of PHarsaL1a,
and followed Pompeius into £6 y PT, which he ſubdued alſo. After that he came into SyR1a,
and into the Kingdom of PoxT , where he fought with Pharnaces : and from thence into Ar-
RICK , Where he overcame Scipio and Juba. Afterwards he returned again through 1TaLts
and SPAIN, and there overcame the ſon of Pompeizs, Now weigh therewitball the travels ,
fights , conqueſts and expeditions of Alexander : then ſay plainly , what you think of it : Ceſar
carried it by much, The onely wars of the GAuLs have been more ſharp and dangerous then all
the conqueſts of As1A and the INDIANS, For it is not in paſſing over mountains and Rivers ill
guarded, that ſhews the deeds of men : it is to overcome a ſubrill and puiſſant enemie, But I pray you,
theſe words of Ceſar to the Maſters of the Brigantine ( who unleſs chey had known him , would have
paſſed him from AroLLONIA to BRuNDusS1UuM ) were they not more ſwelling then the ſea if ſelf :
Courage my friend , ſaid he, ſail hardly : for chou carrieſt Ce/ar and his fortune, And that which he
ſaid paſſing over the River of Rabicon, to enter into ITALIE : A man can be but once undone : what
a courage did he ſhew in that ? Truely a mind , that from thence did behold death , and cared for no
more, but for the execution of his counſels, If a man obſerve the directions of Alexander in his ex-
ploirs, what is that in the reſpe& of the wiſdom of C2ſar? being wont to ſay, he loved victory
gotten by counſell more then by force. I know that Alexanger was adorned with moſt excellent
vertues, and hurt with very few known vices. For therein it ſeemeth he hath Jattiſed up Ce/ar,
and many others of the chiefeſt in the GRxztx and ROw a x Hiſtory : although I cannot difſemble
alſo, that he was led by flatterers and women too : witneſs that which he did at the inſtigation of
Lax and of his minions. As alſo that his deeds were but wind : dangerous vices in all men , but el-
pecially in Princes : from which Ceſar kept himſelf with better underſtanding, Bur if we bring in ſhew
the good underſtanding , the ſpirit , the judgement , the conduct , the protound knowledge, the elo-
quence, the hardineſs , the greatneſs of courage , the more then hunuane boldneſs in the middeſt
of the greateſt dangers : the travels, the pains, the bounty , the gentleneſs, the courtefie, the li-
berality, and the good fortune of Ceſar: we ſhall have enough to ſpeak of, They object chis againſt
him, that among the Senators and others which rook Powpeirs part , he ſpared them that could nor
much hort him : and others whom he thought he could not gain, he overcame them in AFRICX.
X G 88 2 Bur
> 2L 54x X = oo
But Brut , (aſſins , and his adherents ſhew, that Ceſar ſough
graciouſly, if his ill-willers would have let him alone, And ſure 11s yen
with him but a while longer , matters had not gone 6n with ſuch a violkeneeoul
death : but the eſtate of Roz had been governed with better - Policy , anduhe" of thi
Caſers vices. oreat perſon having attained his deſire , had been ſatisfied , and would have fallen. of himſelf. For
whereas he did lean to the flatteries of Balbus and Antonius , to diſdain the Senate, and to cover
the markes and figns of Royall dignity , theſe were but the blaſts of this wicked wind , which ſuch
dangerous bellows entertained and kept in his heart. Now in this he cannot be excuſed. On the
contrary fide , they cannot too much condemn this pailion of his , which ſufficiently appeared in
the firſt voyage he made into SPAIN : when pafling by a pelting Village , he preferred the firſt
place in that to the ſecond in Rome. This paſſion increaſed in him ever after , ſo mightily over-ru-
ling all the reſt , and ſo abſolutely poſſefling his mind , that it carried him whither it would, and made
him that without reſpe& of his Country or of himſelf he never left running , untill that his fierce
horſe caſt him on the ground, and brake his neck. Yea, ſo many viRories and triumphs drew
him not for all that to ſeek reſt : but ( as Alexander failed up and down the Ocean, during his laſt
ſickneſs, and ſome hours before his death ) he embraced _ wars and conqueſt then before. For
that he did in reforming the Kalender, and the enterpriſe of ſo many buildings and works for the Com-
monwealth, ſheweth , that that mind was 'a bow ever bent, For his voluptuouſneſs, peradventure
it will not become us to ſpeak of it, and we were better with ſilence and ſhame lament mans imperfeRi-
on, then in deſcrying of noble perſons , content thoſe that are never merry , but when one feedeth
their malice, The ambition wherewith he was infinitely wounded , coming to fight with this wicked-
neſs after women , made him quickly leave the haunt, utterly ro ſubdue it afterwards : to the end
that his pleaſures ſhould never make him ſteal a minute of an hour , nor to remove one foot from the
Ceſars death, occaſions offered him to raiſe him to greatneſs. As for his death, it was violent indeed, but praRi-
and of the ſtate {£4 hy the moſt part of them to whom he had giyen life, and who continued not long after him. It is
> or hp true, his high carriage of himſelf was cauſe of his death : for nothing wanted to his happineſs , but
— to love his City, and to continue to be more carefull then he was to pleaſe the Senate and people, as
he had begun after his five triumphs, pardoning all, raiſing one and other to Offices in the Common-
wealth , and ſetting up againthe ſtatues of Pompey. Now being fallen again into this deſperate de-
fire to be yet greater , he made ſo many offended with him , thatdiverſe put in execution, which one
man alone could not eafily have brought to paſs, But yet he hath that more then -Alexar+
der that his death was revenged. To the cont Alex anders mother, wives, and chil-
dren made a poor end ; his Army remaining as a body without a head, and hehad a good grace
that compared # to Cyclope Polypheme , when Ulyſſes bad put out his eye, His Captains
and ſucceſlours devoured one another by long wars. As for Ceſar , he lived Rill. inthe perſon of his
ſucceſſour Aug»/t#s , who having overcome a world of hard adventures , eſtabliſhed a Monarchy :
the which in Ieloite of a million of tempeſts, hath continued many hundreds of years. And ſpeci-
ly the name of Ceſar, by excellent priviledge hath remained unto thoſe chat after him reigned in the
berwixt Alex- Empire of ROME; and his valiantneſs was, and yet is to this day defired of all men , that by valourous
ander and Ce- exploits ſeck to win to their name immortall praiſe and glory. You look here , Reader, to ſee to
far lefero the \1:ich of the two I ſhould give the precedency : but ſince the world hath been too little for the one and
The judgement
of precedency A
_—_ the other , I ſhould go too far if I plainly ſpake what I thought, Now that I have ſpoken for the
other , I ceaſe , and leave you to your judgement,
THE LIFE OF
PHO CIO KN
Ant. Chriſt,
326.
HE Orator Demades on a time flouriſhed in ATHENs , becauſe in all his
K >| doings and ſayings in the adminiſtration and government of the Common.
wealth , he always favoured the Maczpox1aNns and Antipatey : in re-
ſpet whereof he was eftſoons compelled , both in his counſell and laws ,
\ſ to prefer many things to the diſhonour of his City , ſaying , that they
muſt pardon him, becauſe he governed the ſhipwracks of his Countrey. This Demades arrs-
was an arrogant ſpeech : but yet referring it tothe government of Phoc;zoy $2nt faying.
he ſaid truely. For indeed Demades ſelf was the ſhipwrack of the Com-
mon-wealth, becauſe he lived ſo inſolently, and governed fo lewdly, Inſo-
muchas Antipater ſaid of him;after he was very old : that there was nothi
left of him , no more then of a beaſt ſacrificed, but the tongue and belly. Bur the vertues of Phoczo
which had to fight againſt the cruel and bitter enemy of the time , were ſo obſcured by the calamities
of GREECE, that his fame was nothing ſo great as he deſerved. For we muſt not credit Sophocles
words, making vertue of it ſelf but weak, in theſe verſes:
When ftorms of ſore adverſities ( O King ) do men aſſail,
It daunts their courave,cuts their combs , and makes their hearts to quail.
But we muſt onely give place to fortune , who when ſhe frowneth upon any good and vertuous man ,
her force is ſo great , that where they deſerve honour and favour , ſhe violently heapeth falſe and ma-
licious accuſations againſt them , which maketh their vertue lame , and not of that credit which indeed The power bf
it deſerverh, And yet it ſeemeth to many , that free Cities are moſt cruell unto their good Citizens in vertue and for-
time of proſperity : becauſe they flow in wealth and live at eaſe , which maketh them of haughty *%%-
minds, But it is clean contrary. For adverſity commonly maketh mens manners ſowre,cholerick, and
very haſty :. beſides , low to hear, churliſh , and offended with every little ſharp word; For he that , drerfiry ms-
correReththem that offend , ſeemeth to caſt their adverſity in their reerh : and he that telleth them tech men haſt»
plainly of their faults, ſeemeth alſo to deſpiſe them. For like as honey ſweet by nature, applied un- |
to wounds , doth bring both ſmart and pain : even ſo, ſharp words , though profitable, do bite the
unfortunate man , if chey be not tempered with diſcretion and courteſie. And therefore Homer the
Poet calleth ſweet and pleafant things ,,41:e-c5 , as yeelding, and not ſtriving with contrariety , againſt
that part of the mind , whereby we be angry ms froward. For even as ſore eyes do like to look on
black and' dark colours, and cannot abide the bright and glaring : fo in a City , where for want of
foreſight and government , things go not well, men be ſo divers and unwilling to hear of their own
faults and eſtate; that they had rather continue in their folly and danger , then by ſharpneſs of words
be rebuked and reſtored, So that it being unpoſlible co amend one fault with a greater , that Com-
Ggg3 mon-
P HOCIO N.
Cicero's ſaying
_ of Cato,andthe
Common -
wealch of Rome.
Cato's plain
mannerbecame
not the corrupt
and ſubtile
time.
The paranrage
of Phocion,
Phocion never
wept nor
laughed.
Phocions man-
ners.
Wherein ex.
cellency of
ſpeech conſiſt.
eth.
monwealth muſt be in great danger, that when it hath moſt nee of help ,
and he alſo hazardeth himſelf, char plaialy tellech them their faults. Like as
tican ſaith, that the Sun doth not altogether follow the motion of the hi he mo-
ved direly contrary ; buyfetching acompgls a litile overthwart 5 makethy ap obliqueTIrcſe and by
variery of approaching.and departing preſerverh'Mll chings, and keepeth the world in good tempera-
ture : even ſo , too ſevere government , contrarying the peoples minds in all things, is not good : as
alſo it is marvellous dangerousnot to correct offendors when they offend , for fear of the peoples diſ-
pleaſure. But the mean , ſometimeto yeeld unto the people to make them the more willing to obey ,
and to grant them things of pleaſure , ro demand of them again things profitable , that is a good
way to govern men the better by. For , by gentle means they are brought ro do many profitable
things , when they ſeek it not of them by rigor and authority, Indeed this mean is very hard co be
obſerved , becauſe authority is _ tempered with lenity. But when they meet together, there is no
harmony more muſical , nor concordance more perfeR then that : and therefore it is ſaid that thereby
God doth govern the world , working rather a voluntary then a forced obedience in men; But this
fault of ſevereneſs was in Cato the younger , for-hbe could not faſhion himſelf ro the peoples manners,
nor did they like his : neither did be win his eftimatiqn-in the Common-wealth by Hartering of them :
and therefore {jcero ſaid , that he was pur by the.Conſulſtyp , for that he behaved himſelt as though
he lived in the Common-wealth deviſed by P/ato,, ant not amongſtthe diſordered and corrupt poſte-
rity of Romulus, Methinketh I can liken him properly untp timely fruit : the which though men
do take pleaſure to ſee and wonder at, yet they eat them,not. Evenſo, the ancienteſt ſimpliciry
of Cato's manner ( having ſo long a time been out of uſe , and coming then to ſhew it ſelf in that cor-
rupttimeand il] manners of the City ) was indeed much praiſe worthy ; but yet not the convenienteſt ,
nor the fitteſt for him , becauſe it anſwered nor reſpeted not the uſe and manners of the time, For
he found not his Countrey ( as Phociondid ) utterly deſtroyed , bur toſſed in a dangerous tempeſt : and
being not of anthority like the Pilot to take the ſtern in hand, and govern the ſhip , he rook himlſelt co
tricking the ſails, and preparing the tackle, ſo toafliſt men of greater power. And yer being in no
greater place , he ſo thwarted fortune (which ſeemed to have {worn the overthrow of the ftate of
ROME ) that with much ado, with greart difficulty , and a long time after , ſhe executed her malice.
And yet the Common-wealth had almoſt gotten the vitory of her , by means of Caro and his vertve :
with whom I do compare the vertue of Phocion , who yet in my opinion were not in all things alike ,
neither in their honeſty , nor policy of government. For there is difference betwixt manhood and
manhood, as therewas betwixt that of Alcibiades and that of Epaminondas : betwixt wiſdom and
wiſdom, as betwixt that of Ariſtides, and that of Themiſtocles : and betwixt juſtice and juſtice , as
berwixt that of Nama , and that of Ageſil/aus. But the vertues of theſe men ( to him that ſhall ſuper-
ficially regard , and lightly conſider them) ſeem-all one in quality , in manner, and uſe, both alike in
remperance- of courtelte with ſeverity , and manhood with wiſdom : a valiant care for other, with
preſence of courage and ſecority of mind tor themſelyes, abhorring all filchineſs and corruption, and
imbracing conſtancy and love of juſtice: that for any man to diſcern the difference berween them, ic
requireth an excellent good wit and judgement, Now touching Cato, every man knoweth that he was
of a noble houſe, as we will ſhew you hereafter in his life : but for Phocies, I gueſs he came of no baſe
parentage. For if he had been the ſon of a Spoon-maker, as 7dewenews teftifieth, G/aucippe the ſon of
Hyperides, having in an inveRive he wrote againſt him , rehearſed all the miſchiefs he could of him, he
would not have forgotten to have upbraided him with his baſe parentage , neither himſelfalſo (if char
had been true) had been ſo well brought up as he was. For when he was a young man, he was Plato's
Scholer , and afterwards Xemocrates Scholer , in the School of Academia : and ſo, even from his firſt
beginning, he gave himſclfto follow them that were learned. For as Dr writeth : never ATHE N1-
a N ſaw him weep nor laugh , nor waſh himſelf in any common bath , nor his hands ' out of his ſleeves
when he wore a long Gown. For when he went to the wars , he would always go on foot, and
never wore Gown, unleſs it were extream cold : and then the ſouldiers ro mock him withall , would
ſay it was a ſign of a ſharp Winter , when they ſaw Phoczon in his Gown, Now though indeed he
was very courteous and gentle of nature , yet he had ſuch a grim look withall, that no man had
any deſire to talk with him , but ſuch as were of his familiar acquaintance. And therefore when Chaves
the Orator , one day mocking bjm for the bending of his brows , and that the Aryenans fell
in a laughing withall : My Mafters, quoth Phocton , the bending of my brows hath done no hurt ,
but the toolery and laughing of theſe flatterers have made ye oftentimes weep. Furthermore ,his man-
ner of ſpeech was very profitable, for the good ſentences and counſels he uttered ; but it was mixed
with an imperious, auſtere, and bitter ſhortneſs. For as Zeno the Philoſopher ſaith , that the wiſe
man ſhould temper his words with wit and reaſon, before he utter them : even ſo was Phocions -
ſpeech , the which in few words comprehended much matter. And thereupon it ſeemeth that Poly-
ent isSPAETTIAN ſaid, that Demoſthenes was an exellent Orator , but in ſpeech Phocion was
very witty, Forlike as coins of Gold or Silver , the lighter they weigh, the finer they be of good-
neſs : even ſo the excellency of ſpeech conſifteth in ſignifying much by few words. Andtouchi
this marter, it is reported that the Theater being full of people, Phocion walked all alone upon the Scaf-
fold where the Players played, and was in a great muſe with himſelf: whereupon, one of his friends
ſeeing him ſo in bis muſes, ſaid unto him, Surely Phocion , thy mind is occupied about ſomewhat. In-
deed it is ſo, faid he: for I am thinking with my ſelf, if 1 could abridge any thing of that I have to
ſay to the people. For Demoſthenes ſelf little efteeming all other Orators , when Phocion = upto
peak,
P HO:GCI O N;.
Fa { his friends in the ears; and told chem : See , the cuter of my.words riſeth :
Pe it by his manners alſo. For' when a goed' man ſpeaketh., 2 wink of the
e, 0 his head, doth commervail many artificial} words and ſpeeches of. Rheroricians, Eur:
> hee , when he was a- young man, 'he went-to the wars under Captain Chabr4as- , and: fol-
— —
et nn
625
w- — 1 ts A I re_
towed him-: of whom he learned tobe a petfect-ſouldier , andin recompence thereof , he reformed (cider in
many of his Captains imperfeQtions, and made im wiſer than he was. . For Chabri otherwiſe being
very dull and {lertitull of himfetf , when he came to tight, he was £o' hot and couragious , that he
would thruſt himſelf into — with the deſperateſÞ perions : 'and-therefore fox his raſhnels it af.
terwards coſthim hs life in tHe City 'of CHz0-, where lanching out- with his Galley before the reſt, he
preſſed to land in deſpite of his enemies. But Phocron being wile-to- look to hingle}f,, and very quick
to execure,on the he fide- quickene# Chabrias flownels , and onthe other fide alſo, by wildoni
cooled his hear nd fury. Chab+ras therefore , being a good man and courteous , loved Phocion very
well, and did prefer him in matters of ſervice, making him.-famous amongſtthe GREc1a Ns, and
employed him in his hardeftenterpriſes. For by his-means he atchicyed greatfame and bonour in 2
barrell by ſea, which he won by the Iſle of Naxos, giving bim theleit Wing of bis Army , on
which ſide the fight was fharpeft of all the battel}, and there he ſooneſt put the enemies to flight.
This batrell being the firft which the City of Ar#zns wan with their own men onely, atter it
had been raken, gave the people cauſe to love Chabrias,and made them alſo make account of Pheciex
as of a nobfe Sonldier , and worthy to have charge. This victory was gotten on the Feaſt day of
the great mſteries, in memory whereof C habrsis did yearly in the ſixteenth day of the moneth
Badromion ( now called Anguſt ) make all the people of ATz4zns drink, After that time Chatri as
ſending Ph-cion to receive the tribute of the Iſlanders their confederates, and the Ships which they
ſhould ſend him , he gave them twenty Gallies to bring-bim thither. But Pheciog then ( it is reported)
ſaid unto him : 1f heſent him to fight with his enemies , he had need to have more +hips : bur if he
ſent him as an Ambaſſadour unto his friends , that one ſhip would ſerve his turn. So went with one
Galley onely and after he had ſpoken with the Cities, and courtegully dealt with the Governours
of every one of them, he returned back, furniſhed of their confederates , with a great Fleet of
Ships and money , to carry unto- ATHENS. $9 Phocion did not onely reverence Chabrias while he
lived , but after his death alſo he took great care of his friends and kinſmen , and ſought to make his
ſon Creſipps an honeſt man , whom though he-ſaw very wild and untoward, yer he never left to re-
form him, and hide his fault, Iris ſaid alſo , that when this young man did trouble him much with
vaine frivolous queſtions, ſerving then under him, he being Captain , and taking upon him to give
him counſell , ro reprove him, and to teach him 4he duty of a- Captain , be could not but ſay: 0
Chabrias , Chabrias, now do pay for the love thou diddet bear me when thou werr alive , in bearing
with the folly of thy ſon. Bur when he ſaw hat the heads of the City of AT#zws had (as it
were.) by lot divided among themſelves the Offices of war and peace : and that ſome of them, as
'Enbulus, Ariſtophon, Demoſthenes, Lycurgus and Hyperides were common ſpeakers and preferrers of
marters in Councils and Senate : and that others , as 'Dzophites, Meneſthews, Leoſthenes and Chares be-
came great men by the wars , and had charge of Armies : he determined rather to follow the man-
ner of government of Pericles, Ariſtides and Soloy , as being mingled of both. For either of them
ſeemed ( as the Poet Archilocwdaith , ) —_ '
To the both Champions ſtout , of Mars's warlike band ,
And of the Muſes che , the Arts to underſtand.
He knew ao that-P alla; the goddeſs and ProteRtor of ArHens , was called Poleyica, and Poli-
zica,, to wit, skilfull ro rule both in, war and peace. So, having thus diſpoſed of himſelf in Go-
vernment, he always perſwaded pu and quietneſs, and yet was often choſen .Captain, and had
charge of Armies , _ the ny man that of-all the Captains afore him , and in his time, did ne-
ver ſue for charge , neither -yer refuſed it at = time, when he was called to ſerve the Common-
wealch, It is certain that he- was choſen five and fourty times Prztor , and was always abſent ar the
EleRjons, but yer ſent for. Whereupon all the wiſemen wondered to ſee the manner of the people
towards him ; conſidering that Phocion had never done nor ſaid anything to flatter them withall , bur
commonly had been againſt their defires : and how they uſed other Governours notwithſtanding ,
that there were more pleaſant and delightfull in their Orations , like men to ſport at, as it is faid of
Kings , whd after chey have waſhed their hands to go to their meat , do ule to have jeſters and Hat-
rerers to make them merry : but on the other ſide , when they had occaſion of wars indeed , how
then like wife men they would bethink themſelves , and chuſe the wiſeſt and ſtouteſt man of the City,
and that moſt would withſtand their minds and deſires, For on a time an Oracle of Apollo De/phias,
being openly read before them , which faid , thar all the other ATHex1Aans being agreed , yer
there was one among them that was contrary to all the reſt of the City : Phocion ſtepping forth betore
themall , bad them never ſeek further for the man, for it was he that liked none of cheir doings.
Another timehe chanced to ſay: his people before all the people , the which they all praiſed and
approved : byt when he ſaw mn were ſo ſuddenly become of his mind , he returned back to! his
friends, and asked them : alas , hadnor ſome evill thing flipped my mouth unwares ? Another time
a generall colle&ion- being —_— of the people t ATHENS, towards the ſolemnifing of a fa-
crifice , other men of his ſtate having payed their part , he was often called upon to pay _
The victory of
Chabrias and
Phocion in the
Ifle of Naxos.
Phocions not-
able ſayings.
PHOCION.
—_—____
Sycophanr, and
Coward,
by ſurname ,
good.
but he anſwered: them again; Ask them that : be rich, for is; were aſhame
thing , being yet in this mansdebt.y.pointing £o-Ca/licles the ukurer , who bad: Ju
when they left himinot for allthis, ro.cry out upon-him for the contributton,,. he: [ chem
this tale : That on'a time there was a coward. preparing, to go to.the,wars, and as he was ready,.ro,
depart ,. he heard the Ravens what: a; crying they made,and taking it for- an ill figne,, he .put off fo
harneſs, and kept him at bome. . After that he -put. on his harneſs again , and went on his way to-
ward the Camp , the Ravens began again .to make a, goodlier oy, behind him :, but,: thereupon, he
ſtayed ſtraight , and at length ſaid':+ Ye. ſhall croak as loud as ye lift ,, before ye feed. gn; my carcaſs,
Another time the ATHENIANS: being in war-under his charge: would needs have him to lead
them to give charge upon their enemies , but he would not. Thereupon. they called him coward, and
faid, he durſt not. - Well {aid he again , It. is not you can make me yaliant , no more then my ſelf can
make you cowards , and yet one of us know another, Another time in a marvellous dangerous time,
the people handled him very churliſhly.,, and would needs have him, preſently deliver account of his
charge: but he anſwered them, O my friends , firſt ſave your fſelves,. ,Furthermore, the people be-
ing very lowly and humble, for fear ,'in time of wars; and preſently in peace again waxing brave in
words againſt Phocion,charging him-thar he had taken the victory out of their hands, he onely ſaid thus
: to them: You are happy that have-a Captain that knows you, elſe you, would ſing a new ſong. An-
other time there was a quarrell betwixt the Boxz0T1ANs and them , about their bounds and Fron-
tiers, the which they would not try. by law , but by battell : But Phocios told them , they did they wiſt
not what , and counſelled them rather to fight it out in words, in which they were the ſtronger, and
not with weapons , where they were the weaker. Another time they ſo much miſliked his opinion
inthe aſſembly , that they would not abide to bxar him, nor ſuffer him to ſpeak. Well, my Mas
ſters, quoth hethen, you may make me do thae which is not to be dage: but you ſhall never com-
pell me againſt my.mind, to ſay that which is not to. be ſpoken, He would as gallantly alſo gird the
Orators his adverſaries , whenthey were buſie with him. As on a time he anſwered Demoſthenes,
that ſaid unto him : The people.,, Phocion , will kill thee oneday, and if it take them inthe heads ;
Yea thee, quoth he, if they-be wiſe, , Again, when Polyeuttus SPAETTIAN, ina hotday perſwad-
ed the people of ATHENS to make war with king Philip , ſweating, and with much ado fetching
his breath , being a fat man, that he was driven oftentimes tro drink water , to end his Oration :
Surely ſaid Phoczon, ye ſhall do marvellous wiſely, to make war at ſuch a mans motion. Why,
what think ye will he do , when he had his 'Curaces and his Target upon him , and that the enemies
be ready to fight : that now in making an Oration onely before you , which he hath Rudied long be-
fore, is almoſt ſtifled ? Another time alſo when Lycarg in his Oration had openly reproved him for
many things before the people, andamong the reſt, tor that 4lexayder demanding ten Citizens of
ATHENS to do with them what he thought good , -that he had: counſelled them to deliyer them :
Phocion anſwered him, Ihave oftentimes counſelled- them for the beft , but they would never follow
my counſell, There was one Archibiades at that time in ATHzNs , that counterfeited the Lac z-
DEMONIAN', With a marvellous long beard , a beggarly cloak, and a ſowr look. Phocion being
chekt- one day before the people , appealed. unto Archibiades for a witneſs , to confirm that he
ſpake,” Bur he riſing up , counſeled the people contrarily, to flatter them withall. Phocion perceiv-
ing it, took him by the beard, and ſaid unto him : Alas Archib;ades , why diddeſt thou not then clip
Ariſtogiton a thy beard , ſeeing thou wouldeſt needs flatter ? There was another great pleader , one Ariſftogitor,that
in allthe Affemblies of the City , did nothing bur buzze wars continually in their ears. Atterwards
when men were to be leavied and muſtered, and their names entred that ſhould go to the wars, Ari/to-
giton came halting into the Market-place with a ſtaff in his hand , and both his legs bound up, to make
the people believe that he was ſick and diſeaſed, Phocion ſpying Ariſtogston far off, cried out to the
Cleark that wrote the bills ; Put in Ar:ſtogitos , lame, and impudent. So that oftentimes it makes me
Phocion called muſe, how , or wherefore ſo ſharp and ſevere a man ( as by theſe examples it appeareth he was ) could
come to the ſurname of good. Notwithſtanding,inthe end I find it a hard thing, but not impoſſible,
that a man ſhould belike wine , both ſweet and ſharp together .: as there are others to the contrary,
that at the firſt ſight, ſeem yery courteous and. gentle of converſation , and upon better acquaintance,
prove churliſh and dogged. Itis reported alſo, that Hyperides the Orator one day ſhould fay to the
ATHENIANS : I pray you (my Lords) notemenot for my ſharpneſs , but conſider if my ſharp-
neſs be without profir. As who ſhould ſay , men are not troubleſome, but for covetquſneſs onely ,
and as if the people did not rather fear and hate them, that of inſolency and malice, did abuſe and
congemn their authority. Phociox on the other ſide, neyer did | Citizen hurt, for any pxivate malice
he bare him : but was ever ſharp and. cruel to them which were againſt any matter he preferred for
the benefit of the Commonwealth. For inall other things he ſhewed himſelf marvellous lowly and
courteous to ny body , and would be familiar with his adverſaries ,'and help them , if they wanted,
or were otherwiſe in danger of diſpleaſure with the ſtate. Inſomuch as his friends therefore reproved
him on atime , when be ſpakein the behalf of a naughty man , an Offender : O ſaid be, honeſt men
need no -help. Another time , Ariſfogiton the Sycophant, being clapped up in priſon,ſent unto Phocion
to pray him to come and ſpeak with him , after he was condemned. Phocion went into the prifon to
him , and when his friends perſwaded him to the contrary, he anſwered them : O let me alone, ſaid
- he; for where could I ſee Ariſtogiton more gladly than in priſon ? Furthermore, when there went any
Army to Sea-out of ATHEN' , if there were any other choſen Generall.but Phocios , the Towns and
Iſlands all along: the Sea coaſt ( which were friends and confederates of the ATHENIANS) Tome
waus,
Ru
b... + "HOCIO Ne. 627
A CIS ey tp oe ene ———
F Wd brought their wives, ſlaves, and cattell , and all their goods into
—w hey had been enemies, and open war proclaimed. Contrarily alſo,
Wnwnd General , they would fend out their Ships to the Sea to meer hin
Flahds'in token of common joy , and fo would bring him to their Cities,
King Phytiy fe cl yk $*6 Win'the Tile of Euzct a, ſent an Army thicher out of Mactno x
and*emiſed-rhe Towns by Tytants to rebell : whereupon Plntark ERETRIAN prayed aid of the
ATHENIANS , to take this-Iflznd from the MActDoN1ans , which they daily won more and
more, if they cattie'nor preſentlyrd aid them. So Phoczoz was ferit General thither , but with a few
men onely., becauſe they arade account the men of that Country would ſtraight joyn with him, for 7hocions jour-
the good will they bare him. But when he came thither , hefound them all Traytors and Rebels, and "© \:0Eutex,
bribed with Kings Phil;ps money , Which he laviſhed out amongſt them : ſo that he was brought into
great danger, Thereupon he retired to a little hill fevered trom the plain of Tamiwnts with a
great large valley , and there fortified himſelf with chat lictle Army he had. Then he perſwaded his
Caprains not to care for -aff thoſe rebels, pritlers, and cowards which fled out of their Tents, 7 |
and forſook rlicit Erſigns and Captains , but rthit rhey ſhould let them g0 out of the Camp where om _
they would. For, ſaid he , fuch diſobedient ſouldiers here will do usno ſervice, and moreover will 22h.
hinder-them that have good will to ſerve well : and at home alſo, knowing themſelves in faulr, for tinous ſoul.
that they forfook the Carhp with licence , they dare not complain upon us. Afterwards when viers and co-
the enemies came to fer upon him, he comminded his men to Arm , and put themſelves in readineſs _—_— a
and not ro tir uritill he had 'done (acrifice : but he ſtayed long before he came, either becauſe he **** ae
could have no lucky 6gns ofthe ſacrifices, or elſe for that he would draw his enemies nearer. Thereup-
on Platark ERE TR1A N ſuppoſing he deferred to march for fear , went himſelf firſt into the field,
with certain light horſemen he had in pay. Then the men of Arms ſeeing them give charge , could
hold no longer , bur followed him alſo , tragling out of the Camp one atter another diſorderly , and
ſo did ſet upon their enemies. The firſt being overthrown , all the other diſperſed themſelves , and
Plutark, himſelf fled. Then certain bands of the enemies thinking all had been theirs , followed
chem even into their Camp, and came to throw down their Rampiers. In the mean time, Phocion
having ended his ſacrifice, the ArTHsN1Aans came out of their Camp, and fer upon them, and Phocions vi-
made part of-them flie immediately , and part of them alſo they flew hard by the Trenches of their #9") inEubes.
Camp, Then Phacion- commanded that the bartell ſhould ftand Rtill , ro receive their men that were
ſcattered up and down the fields : in the mean fpacehe himſelf, with the choiſeſt men of his Army,
gave charge upon the enemies: The fight was cruell between them. For the Arytxians foughr#
very'valiantly , venturing their perfons : but of them all , two young men fighting by their General
( Glawcus the fon of Polymedes, and Thaltus the fon of Cixras ) carried the praiſe away. And
fſodid Cleophanes that day alſo fhew himfelf very valiant. For he crying out ſtil] upon the horſemen
that fled, and perſwading them to come and help their General that was in danger , brought them
back again, and thereby got the foormen the victory, After this battell, he drave P/ztark, out of
ERETR1A , and took the Caſtell of ZakETRA , ſtanding in a very commodious place for this
war , wherethe Iſle draweth to a Rtraightnels , environed on either {ide wich the fea : and would
not ſuffer his men to jake atly GREcIANS prifoters, fearing leſt the Orators at ArHeNs might
move the people, fuddenly in a rage , to put thein to death. After all theſethings were done , Phocton
returned back to ATHENS. But thatdid the confederates of the AT#tn1avs ſtraight wiſh for
his juſtice and coortefie : and the ATHEN1ANS themſelves alſo knew his skilfulneſs and man-
hood, For his ſuccefſor Molyfe , that was General for the reſt of the war, dealt ſo undiſcreet-
ly, that he hitmſelf was taken priſoner there. Then King —__ being put in marvelfous great hope,
went with all his Army into HeLLEsPoNT, perſwading himſelf, that he ſhould ftraight take all
CHERRONESUS , the Cities of PERINTH and BizanTium. The ATHENIANS thereupon
determining to ſend aid, to prevent King Philips coming, rhe Orators made great ſuite , that Chares
might be choſen Captain : but he being ſent thither with a good number of ſhips, did no ſervice wor-
thy commendation , neither would the Cities receive his Navy into their havens : bur being ſuſpeRed
of every man , and deſpiſed of hisenemies, he was driven to fail up and down, ard to get money
of the Allies. - The people being mcenſed by the Orators , were marvellouſly offended , and repented
themſelves that they had ſent aid unto the BrzanTiNEs. Then Phocion riſing up , ſpake unto
the people, and rold them , that it was no reaſon that miſtruſting their confederates , they ſhould be
offended with them : but ro be angry with their Captains that deſerved to be miſtruſted. For they, ſaid
he, do make your confederates afraid of you , who without you notwithſtanding cannot ſave them-
felves. The people changing their minds by his Oration, made Phorion again their Captain , and ſent
him with an Army into HELLEs PO NT to help the confederates there , which was of great impor-
tance to ſave the Ciry of Br2axnT1um. Furthermore , Phocions fame was fo great , that C /cor, the py,.;, ve
gun man of vertne aid authority in B1za nT1uM , having before been Phocions companion and the Ciry of
niliar in the Academy , made ſure for him unto the City, Then the BrzanT1xEs would not Byzantium.
Phocion per=
ſuffer him (though he deſired it ) to Camp without the walls of their Ciry , bur opening their gares,
received him in, and mingled the ATHEN1A NS amongſt thefhn, Who , perceiving how much the Phocion drave
Cnizens truſted them, didſs honeſtly behave themſelves in their converſation amongſt them , that £ -— wg
they give thitm ho manner of 'cariſe ro complain of them : and ſhewed themſelves fo valiant be- LH
ſides in all batrells and eonfliQs, that Philip ( which before wits thought dreadful and invincible, every
man being afraid co fight any battell with him ) returned ont of Herts eoNT without any mY
one,
Phoczon joyned
Megars unto
Athens.
done, and to his great diſcredit : where Phocies wan ſome of:
the ſtrong holds; in the which he had placed his Garriſons. Furthex
into his Countries , he deſtroyed his borders: till that at length he was
ro return home again, by mean of a great Army that came againſt hiniſorgens
Shortly after , the MEGAaRIAns ſecretly ſent unto him, todeliver their Ciry into-Blwhl L
cion fearing if the BEOTIANS underſtood it , that they would prevent him , he called"a commor
aſſembly early in the morning, and told the people what meſſagethe Me 6ar1ans had ſent unto
him. The people upon this motion being determined to aid them , Phocios ftraight ſounding the
Trumpet at the breaking up of the aſſembly , gave them no further leiſure, bur to take their weapons ,
and ſo led them inſtantly incontinently to MEGARA. The MEG ARIANS receiving him , Phocion
ſhut up the haven of N1s 4, and brought two long walls from the City unto it, and to joyned ic unto
the ſea : whereby he ſtood not greatly in fear of his enemies by land , and for the ſea,the ATHz n1ans
were Lords of it. Now when the ATHEN1A Ns had proclaimed open war againſt King Philip ,
and had choſe other Captains in his abſence , and that he was.returned from the Iſles, above all
things , he perſwaded the people ( King Philip requiring peace , and greatly fearing-the danger ) to
accept the conditions of peace. Then one ot thele buſie Orators that was ſtill acculing one or other,
ſaid unto him : Why Phocion , how dareſt thou attempt to turn the ATHEN1A Ns trom war, ha-
ving now their ſwords in their hands? Yes truely , ſaid Phocioy : though in war I know I ſhall com-
mand thee, and in peace thou wilt command me, Bur when the people would not hearken to him ,
and that Demoſthenes carried them away with his perſwaſions , who counſelled them to fight with
King Philip, as far from ATT1CA as they could : I pray thee friend , quoth Phoc;oy unto him ,
let us not diſpute where we ſhall fight , but conſider how we ſhall overcome ; the which if we can ſo
bring to paſs, be ſure we ſhall putthe war far enough from us : for men that are overcome, be
ever in fear and danger , whereſoever they be. When the ATHEN1Aaws had loſt a battel againſt
Philsp , the ſeditious Orators , that hunted after innovation, preferred Charidemws to be choſen Ge-
nerall of the ATHEN1ANs : whereupon the Magiſtrates and Senators being afraid , and taking with
them all the Court and Senate of the AR&0PAG1TEs , they made ſuch earneſt ſute to the people,
with the tears in their eyes , that at laſt ( but with much ado ) they obtained , that the affairs of the
City might be put into Phocions hands and government. He thought good to accept the Articles and
gentle conditions of peace which Philip offered them. Bur after that the Orator Demades moved,
that the City of ATHzNs would enter into the common Treaty of peace, and common aſembly of
gthe ſtate of GREECE, procured at King Philips requeſt , P hocion would .not agree to it, untill
they might underſtand whatdemands Philzp would make ar the aſſembly of the Gx £c1axs. When
his opinion through the perverſeneſs of time could not be liked of them , and that he ſaw the
ATHENIANS ſoon after repented them that they did not follow his counſel] , when they heard they
ſhould furniſh King Philip with ſhips and horſemen : then he told them , the fear whereof ye now
complain, made me to withſtand that , which now ye have conſented unto. But ſithence it is ſo
that you have now paſt your conſents , you muſt be contented , and not be diſcouraged at it :
remembring that your Anceſtors in time paſt have ſometime commanded , and otherwhile obeyed
others ; and yer have ſo wiſely and diſcreetly governed themſelves in both fortunes , that they
have not onely ſaved their City , but all GREECE befides, When news came of King Philips
death, the people for joy would ftraight have made Bonfires and Sacrifices to the gods for t
To rejoyce at good news : but Phociow would not ſuffer them, and ſaid , that it wasa token of a baſe mind, to
any mans hurr
ſhewerh a bale
mind , and yile
narudre,
rejoyce at any mans death, and beſides that, rhe Army which overthrew you at CH&RONEA, hath
not yet loſt but one man, And when Demoſthenes alſo would commonly ſpeak ill of Alexander, and
ſpecially when he wasnear THz Bzs with his Army , Phocios rehearſed unto him theſe verſes of
Humer :
How great a folly is it to ſtand
Againſt a cruell King ,
Which being arm'd , and having ſword. in hand ,
Seeks fame of every thing ?
What , when there is ſuch a great fire kindled , wilt thou caſt the City into it? For my part there:
fore , though they were willing, yet will I not ſuffer them to caſt themſelves away : for to that end
have I taken upon me this charge and government. And afterwards alſo , when Alexander had razed
the City of TyEnEs , and had required the ATHEN1ANs to deliver him Demoſthenes, Lycur-
95s, Hyperides , and Charidemws ; and that the whole afſembly and councell not knowing what an-
{wer to make, did caft their eyes upon Phocioy , and cried unto him to ſay his opinion : he then roſe
up , and taking one of his friends unto him called 2 5cocles , whom he loved and truſted above all
men elſe, he ſaid thus openly unto them : Theſe men whom Alexander requireth , have brought
this City to this extremity, that if he required A icocles here, I would give my conſent to deliver him :
for I would think my ſelf happy to loſe, for all your ſafety. Furthermore, though 1 am right
heartily ſorry ( ſaid he ) for the poor afflicted THEBANs , that are come unto the City for ſuccour :
yet I aſſure you , it is better one City mourn , then two, And therefore I think it is beſt to intrear
the conquerour for both , rather then to our certain deftruQion to.tfight with him that is the ſtronger.
It is ſaid alſo that Alexander refuſed the firſt decree which the people offered him upon Phocions
zequeſt , and ſent away the Ambaſſadours , and would not ſpeak with them. Bur the ſecond which
Phocion himſelf brought, he took , being told by his fathers old ſervants , that King Philip made.
| accompt
4 %
$0 Phocion feedi
, heſo alter
Phocion , and make him his friend ,
reſt of his friends, To this effet, Dur the Hiftorio
grown very great , and had overcome King Darizs, he
wit, joy and health ) which he uſed commonly i all the letters he wrote , and would no more honour
any other with chat manner of ſalutation, but Phecion aud Antipater, Chares alſo writeth the ſame.
And they all do confeſs, that Alexander ſent Phoczan a great gitt out of As14 , of a hundred filver
talents. This money being brought ro ATHENS, Phecion asked them that brought it , why Aex-
ander gave him ſuch a great reward , above all the other Citizens of ATHens, Becauſe ſaid they,
he onely eſteemed thee to be a good and honeſt man. Phecion replied again , then ler him give me
leave to be that I ſeem, and am whileſt ” live. The meſſengers would not ſo leavehim, but followed
him home to his houſe , where they ſaw his great husbandry and thriftineſs. For they found his wife
her ſelf baking,and he himſelf drew water before them out of the well to waſh his feet, But when they
were more earneſtly in hand with him then before, and prayed him to take the Kin
were offended with him, ſaying, it was a ſhame for Alexanders friend to live fo mi
garly as hedid. Then Phocion ſeein
that he would be much more ang
ciou would neyer accept one of
not come out upon the Sta
brought him by force on the
|
|
Panathengea at ATHENS :
=. PHOCIO N,
Alexander did not onely give him wudience , and pr
counſel. For Phocien perfwaded him , if he loved quietnels ,
then thar he ſhould make war with the barbarous people , but not with the Gr x
his requeſt, but
to leave war : if Ajexander pe
- Cified with the
Alexander; bamor with fuch talk and diſcourſe as he thought would Athenians , by
and ſoftned Alexanders diſpoſiton, that when he went from him , he *5*ci0% mean,
willed him that the Ar#s N14aNs ſhould look to their affairs , for if he ſhould die , he knew no
people fitter to command then they, Furthermore, becauſe he would be better acquainted with
made ſo much of him, that he more honoured him then all the
pher writeth , that when Alexander was
out of his letters this word Cheerin ( to
s$ preſent , and
erably and beg-
a poor old man go by, in a thread bare Gown, asked them
whether they thought him worſe then he 2 No , God forbid , anſwered they again. Then replied
he again , helives with leſs then 1 do , and yet is contented , and hath enough. To be ſhort, ſaidbe, pp,conrpermue
if 1 ſhould take this ſum of money and occupy it not , it is as much as 1 had it not : on the ocher and intregriry
fide, if 1 occupy it, I ſhall make all the City ſpeak ull of the King and me both. $9 this great pre- inrefuſing of
ſent was ſent back from ATHENS : whereby he ſhewed the Gxtcraws, that he was richer that 4/*x**4rs
needed not ſuch gold and filver, then he that gave it him. But when Alexander wrote again to Y”"
Phociow, that he did not reckon them for his friends , that he would take nothing of him, Phocion
notwithſtanding would not take the money , but onely requeſted him for his ſake, that he would
ſer theſe men at liberty which were kept priſoners in the City SaxD1s for certain accufationslay-
ed againſt them : Echecratid:s the Rhetoricion, Athenodorug born in the City of Inzr0s, and
two CORINTHIANS , Demaratus and Spartw. Alexander preſently ſet them at liberry,and ſent
{ratrru into MAcEDON , commanding him to give Phocios the choice of one of theſe four Cities
of As14 which he liked beſt ; C10s, GzrRG1THA, MyLasSS1S , Etta : ſending him word,
with him now, if he did refuſe his offer ,than he was at firſt But Pho- Phocions houſe
em : and Alexander ſhortly after died. Phocions houſe is ſeen yet and Wives.
at this day in the Village of M111T a , ſet forth with plates of Copper, bur otherwiſe very mean,
and without curioſity. Fox the wives he married , there is no mention made of the firſt , ſaving that
Cephiſodotus the Image Graver was her brother, But for his ſecond wife ſhe was no leſs famous at
ATHENS , for her honeſty and good huſwifery , then Phecicn for his juſtice and equity. And for
proof thereof , it is reported that the ATHEN1A NS being one day affembled in the Theater , to
ſee new Tragedies played , one of the Players when heſhould have come upon the Scaffold to have
played his part, asked the ſetter forth of the Playes the apparell of a Queen, and certain Ladies
co wait upon her , becauſe he was to play the part of a Queen. The ſetter forth of the playes de-
nying him, the Player wert away ina rage, and left the people ſtar
e. But Melanthins the ſetter faxth ©
tage, and cried out unto him : Doeſt not thou ſee Phoczons wite that
goeth up and down the City with one maid onely waiting upon her ? and wilt thou play the fool
and mar the modeſty of the women of ATntns ? The people hearing his words ; filled all the
Theater with joy and clapping of hands. The ſame Lady, when a certain Gentlewoman of Iox1a
came at ATHENS to ſee her, and ſhewed her all the rich Jewels and precious Stones ſhe had , ſhe an-
ſwered her agajn: All my riches and Jewels , is my husband Phoczon , who theſe twenty years roge- Phocus Fha- .
ther hath continually been choſen Generall for the ATHENIANS. Phocions fon telli
on 2 time , that he was defirous to contend with other young men for the victory , who ſhould cun- ©
ninglieſt leap out , and get up again into the Chariots or Coaches, running full courſe ar the feaſts
his father . was contented he ſhould , nor that he was defirous
his ſon ſhould have the honour of the vitory , bur becauſe by this honeft exerciſe he ſhould grow
to better manners, for that he was a difſolute young man, and much given ro Wine, Yet he wan
the viRory at that time , and there were divers of his fathers friends, that prayed him to do them
that honour , rhar they might keep the feaſt of this victory in their houſes. Phocion denied them
all but one man , and him he ſuffered ro ſhew his good will unto his houſe , and went thither himſelf
ro ſupper to him. Where amongſt many fine and ſuperfluous things prepared, he found pafling Bathes
ine and ſweer ſmelling Spices to waſh the feet of the bidden gueſts as they came to the feaſt.
Whereupon he called his ſon ro him, and asked him , how cant thon abide Phocxs, that our friend
ſhould thus diſgrace thy viRory with exceſs : But becauſe he would withdraw his ſon from that licen.
rious life, he brought himro Sy a kT 4,and placed him there among young boyes brought up after the
Lacox1an diſcipline, The ATxsnians were much offended ar it , to fee that Phoczon did ſo
one at another, and would
the Playes , compelling him ;
his father £9" ſon wha?
PHOCIONK
much deſpiſe his own Countrey manners and faſhions. Alſo when D
ſaid unto Phocion : Why do we not perſwade the ATHENIANS to live A
ner? As forme , ſaid he, if thou wilt make one to ſet it forward , I am read
move the matter, Indeed quoth Phocio» , thou art a meet man to perſwade"the Ay
live Laco n1an-like in common together at their meals , and to praiſe Lycurgus ſtraightla
art thy ſelf commonly ſo perfumed , and fine in thy apparell. Another time when Alexande
©
| c
r Wrote
letters unto ATHENS to ſend him ſome ſhips, and the Orators perſwaded them not to grant him,
the people called upon Phocion chiefly ro ſay his opinion : then Phocion told them plainly , merhinks
ye muſt either make your ſelyes the ſtrongeſt in wars, or being the weaker, procure to be friends unto
the ſtronger. Pithius a new come Orator, being full of rongue, and impudent , would till make one
to ſpeak in every matter : wherefore Phocion ſaid ro him, Good gods ! will this Novice never leave
babling ? And when Harpalu King Alexangers Lieutenant of the Province of BasyLON , fled
out of As1A , and cameto ATTICA with a great ſum of gold and filver , ftraight theſe men
that ſold their rongues to the people for money , flocked about him like a fight of Swallows. And
he ſtuck not to give every one of them a piece of money to baſte them with : tor it was a trifle to him,
conſidering the great ſums of money he brought. But ro Phoc;on himſelf he ſent-ſeven hundred ta.
lents, and offered himſelf and all that he had into his hands of truſt. But Phocion gave him a ſharp
anſwer , and told him that he would make him repent it, if he corrupted the City of AT#zns in that
f
Phocion deſpiſ- manner. So Haypalus being amazed therewith , left him at that time , and went unto, them that had
eth Harpalus taken money of him," Burt thortly after, whenthe Ar#tn1a ns fate in councell about him , be
money,
perceived that thoſe which had taken his money were ſhrunk from him , and that they did accuſe
him, where they ſhould have excuſed him, to blear world , that men ſhould not ſuſpect them th
had been corrupted : and that Phocioy on the other fide which had refuſed his money , having reſpe
to the Common-wealth , had alſo ſome regard to ſave his life : he once more attempred all the ways
he could to win him. Howbeit he found him ſo conſtant, that no money could carry the man.
Then Harpalws falling in friendſhip with Chariles ( Yhocions fon in Law ) he made him to be ill
ſpoken of, and greatly ſuſpe&ted , becauſe men ſaw that he truſted him in all things , and imploy-
ed himin all his affairs : as in committing to his truſt the making of a ſumpruous Tomb for 7 y-
thozice the famous Curtiſan that was dead , whom he loved, and by whom he had a daughter ;
the taking upon him whereof was no leſs ſhame unto Chariles, then the finiſhing thereof was diſ-
race unto him. This Tomb is ſeen unto this day in a place called Hermium , in the high way
ho ATHENS to ELEUSINE : the workmanſhip thereof being nothing like near the charge of
thirty talents, which was reported to be given by Ha: pals unto Chariles , for the finiſhing of the
ſame. Furthermore, after Harpalus death , Chariles and Phocioytook his daughter , and carefully
brought her up. Afterwards alſo , ({ariles being accuſed for the money he had taken of Harpalw,
he beſought his father in law Phoctc» , to help to caſe him in his judgement, But Phocion flatly
Phocion refaſeg denied him, and ſaid : Chariles I took thee for my ſon in law, in all honeſt and juſt cauſes onely.
to defend his
ſon in law in
anill cauſe,
Furthermore , when A/clepiades the ſon of Hipparchws, brought the firſt news of the death of Alex-
axnder , Demades the Orator would not believe him ; for ſaid he, if it were true, all the earth would
ſmell of the ſavor of his Corps. Phocion then PRIIg the people began to be high minded ,
and ſought innovation, he went about to bridle and pacifie them. But when many of the Ora-
tors got up to the Pulpit for Orations , and cried out , that A/clepiades news was true of Alex-
anders death : well then quoth Phocion , if it be true to day, it ſhall be true alſo tomorrow, and the
next day after. And therefore my maſters, benot too haſty , but think of it at better leiſure, and
ſer your affairs at a ſure ſtay. When Leoſthenesalſo by bis praftiſe had brought the City of ATHi xs
into the war called the Gxztxs war, and in ſcorn asked Phecicx that was offended at it, what
good he had done unto the Common-wealth ſo many years together , as he had been Generall over
the ATHENIANS : Phocion anſwerel him , No imal! good ſaidhe, for all my Countrey men have
been buried at home 'in their own graves. Another time alſo, Leeſ#henes ſpeaking proudly and inſo-
lently unto the people, Phocien one day had ſaid unto him : Young man my friend , thy words are
like unto the Gypreſs Tree, which is high and great, but beareth'no fruit. Then Hyperdes riſing
up, asked Phocion : When wilt' thou then counſell the ATHEN1AaNs to make war? When I
ſhall ſee young men , ſaid he , not to forſake their ranks , rich men liberal , and Orators leave to
rob the Common-wealth. When the ATrHtnians wondred to ſee ſuch a goodly great Arm
as Leoſthenes had leavied, and that they asked Phocion how he liked it : It is a goodly Army , quo
he for a furlong , but I fear their return , and the continuance of this war : for Ido not ſee the Ci-
ty able to make any more money , nor more ſhips , neither yet any more ſouldiers then theſe, The
which proved true as it fell out afterwards : for at the firſt , Leoſtheres did many notable exploits. He
overcame the Box01TANS in battell , and drave A»tipater into the City of Lam1a ; the which
did put the ATaznians in ſuch a hope and jollity , that they made continuall feaſts and
ſacrifices through the City , to thank the gods for theſe good news.” And there were ſome
among them, that to.take Phocton in a trip , asked him if he did not wiſh that he had done
all thoſe things? Yes indeed , anſwered he, I would: I had done them , but yer.T would not have
given the counſell tro have done them. Another time alſo when letters came daily, one at-
ter another , bringing good news, Good gods , ſaid he, when ſhall we leave off to over-
come? But when Leeſthenes was dead in this voyage, they that feared Phocsoy ſhould be appointed
Captain, inhis place , and that he would pacific the war , did thruft in a man of mean behaviour ;
| | an
*»
&
EP HOCIO XN, 631
mefull Aſſembly of Council, that he was Phocten's friend , and School-
eſought the People that they would ſpare Phocion, becauſe they had nor ſuch
Land"that they would make eAntiphalus Generall of the Army. The People
| | need withall. Burt then Phociox ſtood up, and ſaid, that this man was never Scko-
lar: Ma, neither did be ever know him before that time : but now, ſaid he , from hence-
forth I will take thee for my friend, for thou haſt given the People the beſt counſel for me. The
People notwithſtanding determining to make War with the BozoT 1aNs, Phocion ſpake againſt
it all he could. Therefore his friends bidding him beware of ſuch ſpeeches , how he did offend
the People, left they killed him , be anſwered them : They ſhall wrongfully put me to death,
quoth he, ſpeaking for the benefit of my Countrey, but otherwiſe they ſhall have reaſon for to
do it , if 1 ſpeak to the contrary. Bur when he ſaw nothing would pacifie them, and that they
went on ſtill with their intent, then he commanded the Herauld to proclaim by ſound of Trum-
pet, that all Citizens from fourteen years unto threeſcore, able to carry Weapon , ſhould pre-
ſently upon the breaking up of the Aſſembly , arm themſelves , and follow him with five days
Proviſion for Vitals , then was there great ſtir amongſt them in the City, and the old men
came and complained unto him , for his overſtraight commandment, He told them again, I
do you no wrong: for I am fourſcore my felf, and yer will go with you. By this means he
acified them at that time , and quenched their fond deſtre of War, Bur when all the Sea-coaft
was full of Souldiers, both of the MactDoN1aNs , and other ſtrangers which were led by
Micion their Captain, that landed in the Territory ot the Village Ryamnus , and ſpoiled the
Countrey thereabouts, then Phocion led the ATHENIANS thither. But when he was there, di-
vers taking upon them the Office of a Lieutenant, and going about ro coun{g/l him, ſome to lodge
his Camp upon ſuch a Hill, and others to ſend his Horſemen to ſuch a place, and others to camp
here : O Hercules, quoth he, how many Captains do I fee, and how few Souldiers ! Afterwards
when he had ſet his Footmen in Battle ray, there was one among them that left his rank, and
ſtepped out before them all, Thereupon one of his Enemies alſo made towards him to fight with
him ; but the ATHENIANS heart failed, and he went back again to his place. Then ſaid Pho-
cion unto him : Art thou not aſhamed, young lout , to have forſaken thy rank twice ? the one,
where thy Captain had placed thee, and the other , in the which thou hadſt placed thy ſelf?
So Phecton giving Charge upon the Enemies, he overthrew them, and ſlew A4icion their Captain,
and divers others. Furthermore, the Army of the Grtctaxns being at that time in Tazss a-
LY, wan the Battle of eAntipater, and Leonatus that joyned with him, with the Maczpon1- Phocions Vi-
AN$ which he brought out of As 14: where Leonatus was (lain in the Field, Anriphilus being Rory of the
Generall of the Footmen, and Menon THESSALIAN Colonell of the Horſemen. Shortly after Macedoniens.
(raterus coming out of AS1A into EuROPE with a great Army, they fought a Battle by the City The Greciang
of CRANoN, where the Gxtc1ans were overthrown: yet was not the overthrow nor ſlaughter pea by
great, although it came through the diſobedience of the Souldiers to their Captains, which were bur _—
young men, and uſed them over-gently. Moreover, when Antipater pratiſed to make the Cities re-
volt, they betrayed them, and ſhametully forſook ro defend cheir common liberty : whereupon
Antipater marched forthwith with his Axmy to the City of ATHENS, Demoſthenes and Hyperides
underſtanding that, forſook the City. Then Demades, that was in diſgrace and defamed for lack
of payment of ſuch fines as were ſer upon his head (being ſeven ſeveral times condemned, becauſe he
had ſo many times moved matters contrary to the Law) and could not therefore be ſuffered any more
to ſpeak in the Aſſembly, was then diſpenſed withall, and licenſed to ſpeak : whereupon he moved
the People to ſend Ambaſſadors unto Antipater , with full Commiſlion and Authority to trear
with him of Peace. The Feople fearing to put to any mans truſt thisabſolute Authority to treat of
Peace, they called for Phoc:on, ſaying, that he onely was to be truſted wih the Ambaſſade. Then
Phocion anſwered them : 1f you had believed my former counſels I always gave you, ſuch weighty
matters ſhould not now have troubled you at all. So the Decree being confirmed by the People, Pho- ppycian Am.
cion was ſent 'Ambaſſador unto Antipater, that lay at the Caſtle of Cadmea, being ready at that baſſadorunco
rime to invade the Countrey of ATTica. Phocion firſt requeſted him, that before he removed Antipatcr.
from thence, he would make Peace with the ATHENIANS. (raters preſently anſwered him :
Phocion thy requeſt is unreaſonable, that lying here we ſhould eat our friends, and deſtroy their
Countrey, when we may live of our Enemies, and enrich our ſelves with their ſpoil. But A»tipa-
zer taking Craterus by thechand, told him : we muſt needsdo Phoc 307 this pleaſure. And for the reſt,
touching the Capitulations of Peace, he willed that the ArHenians ſhould ſend them a blank,
and refer the Conditions of Peace to them : like as himſelf being beſteged in the City Lama, had re-
ferred all Capitulations and Articles of Peace, unto the diſcretion of Leoſthenes their Generall. So
when Phocion was come backto ATHENS, the ATHENIANS feeing there was no-temedy, were com-
pelled to be contented with ſuch offer of Peace, asthe Enemy made them. Then Phocton was ſent back
again to Antipaterat THEBES, with other Ambaſſadors joyned in Commillion with him - amongft thoriry.
whom alſo was that famous Philoſopher, Xenocrates. The eſtimation of his vertue was ſo great with
all men, that it was thought there wasno living man ſo proud, cruel, diſdainfull, nor hafty of na«
ture, but that the onely look of Xenocrates would ſoften and qualifie him, and make him to reve- ,,,...... 1.
rence him : but yet with Aztipater it fell our —_— by his perverſe nature, which hated all ver- fpiſed of 4n-
ue ; for he embraced all the « and would not once ſalute Xenocrates, Whereupon ſome ſay, that ripatcr.
| Hhh Xenacrates
— = Ks 1 _ © TY LES gems” _ » LAS a
A 4A
I: -©.4þ
E7 3 |
"0
PHOGCIU of
. © Ms.
—— _-
Preſages of the
miſeries of the
Athenians.
Xenocrates ſaid then, cAntipater doth well to be aſhamed, to ſee mea
and evil he meaneth unto the ATHENIANS, So when Nenocrates beg
would not abide to hear him, but interrupted him, and checked him, anda”
him to hold his peace. When Phocion had ſpoken, eAntipater anſwered them, tha ma
peace with the ATHENIANS, f0 they delivered him Demoſthenes and Hyperides : thartlieyſhould
keep their ancient Laws and Government , that they ſhould receive a Garriſon into the Haven of
Munychia , that they ſhould defray the charges of this War, and alſo pay a ranſom beſides.
All che other Ambaſſadors but Xenocrates, willingly accepted theſe Conditions of Peace, as very
reaſonable and favourable : but he ſaid, that for Slaves eAnripater did handle them favourably,
but for Free-men, he dealt roo hardly with them. Then Phocior beſought him that he would yet
releaſe them of their Garriſon. But eAntipatey (as it is ſaid) anſwered him: Phocion we would
gladly grant thee any thing, ſaving that which would undo thee, and us both. Some other write
notwithſtanding, that eAnriparer {aid not ſo , but asked him if he would become ſurety for the
ATHENIANS, that they ſhould attempt no alteration, but faithfully keep the Articles and Con-
ditions of this Peace, if he did releaſe them of this Garriſon. Phocion then' holding his peace,
and delaying anſwer, there was one Callimedon firnamed (arobxy (a bold man, and hated the li-
berty of the People) that brake forth in theſe words: If Phocion were ſo fond to give his word
for the ATHEN1ANS, wouldeſt thou eAntipater believe him therefore, and leave to do that thou
haſt determined 2 Thus were the ATHENIANS driven to receive the Garriſon of the Mac :0o-
NIANS, of the which Menylu was Captain, an honeſt man, and Phocion's friend. This com-
mandment to receive- the Garriſon within the Haven of Munychia, was found very ſtately, and
done by eAntipater gather of a vain glory to boaſt of his Power, then for any profit could 0-
therwiſe come of it. For not long after, on that day when he took poſſeſſion of rhe Caſtle, he
further encreaſed their grief : becanſe the Garriſon entred the twentieth day of Bcedromion ( to
wit, the Moneth of Auguſt) on the which the Feaſt day of their Myſteries was celebrated, at what
time they make their Proceſſion called Iacchus, frem the City of ATHeNns, unto ELtus1N,
Therefore the ſolemnity of this holy Feaft being thus confuſed, many began to conſider, that in
old time when their Realm did flouriſh, there were heard and ſeen Voices and Images of the
gods on that day, which made the Enemies both afraid and amazed : and now inthe contrary man-
ner in the very ſelf-ſame ſolemnity of the gods, they ſaw the greateſt calamity that could have hap-
pened unto GREECE. And the holieſt Feaſt which was kept all the year through before , be-
came then to be profaned with the Title of the greateſt misfortune and event that ever happened
unto the GxEC1ANS, which was, the loſs of their liberty. For not many years before, there
was brought an Oracle from DopoNs unto ATHENS : that they ſhould look well to the Rocks
of Diana, that ſtrangers ſhould not poſſeſs them. And about that time alſo, the Coverings
with the which they do adorn the holy Beds of the Myſteries, being wet with water , became
from a purple colour which they had before, to look yellow and pale, as if it had been the co-
vering of a dead body. Yea, and that which was moſt to be wondered at of all other, was this :
that raking other Coverings which were not holy, and putting them in the ſame water, they did
without changing keep their colour they had before. When one' of the Miniſters of the Temple
alſo did waſh a white Pig in the Sea, in a clear place by the Wharfe , there ſuddenly came a
great: Fiſh that bit at it, and carried the hinder parts of the Pig clean away with it, Whereby
men conjeured that the gods did ſignifie unto them , that they ſhould loſe the loweſt part of
their City, neareſt unto the Sea, and ſhould keep the higheſt parts thereof, This notwithſtand-
ing, the Garriſon did not offend nor trouble the ATHz N1a Ns, becauſe of the honeſty of their
Captain Menyllus, Now there were above twelve thouſand Citizens ', that: for their poverty
loſt the benefie of their Freedom , of the which , part of them remained at Aryzns , unto
whom it ſeemed that they offered great wrong and injury : and part of them alſo went into
TaHRAc1a, where eAntipater aſſigned them Towns and Lands to inhabit. They ſeemed to be
men like unto them, that had been taken by aſſault, or by ſiege within a City, which had been com-
pelled to forſake their Countrey. Furthermore, the ſhamefull. death of Demoſthenes in the Ille of
CALAUuRIa, and of Hyperides by the City of CLEoNEes, whereof we have written heretofore)
were almoſt occaſion given them to lament the times of the _ of King Ph:lip and Alexander.
As it is reported, that when eLntigonus was ſlain, they that had overcome him, were ſo cruel unto
their Subje&s, that a labourer in the Countrey of Pry G1 4 digging the Earth, being asked what
he ſought for, anſwered ſighing : I ſeek for eAntigonus. Then many men began to ſay as much,
when they remembred the noble minds of thoſe two Princes , how mercifull they were to pardon
in their anger, forgetting their diſpleaſure : not like unto Artipater, who craftily cloaked his ty-
rannical Power, which he uſurped, by being familiar, going ſimply apparelled, and faring meanly,
and yet ſhewed himſelf notwithſtanding a more cruel Lord and Tyrant unto them whom he had
overcome. Nevertheleſs, Phocion obtained of him the reſtoring again of- divers men , whom
he had baniſhed : and thoſe whom he could not get to be reſtored , yet he procured that they
ſhould not be baniſhed into ſo far Countreys , as others which had been ſent beyond the
Mountains Acroceraunians, and the head of Tznarus out of GrEtct, but that they had li-
berty to remain within the Countrey of PzLo0PoNNEsus : among the which was one e-£gno-
nides a Sycophant, and falſe accuſer, Furthermore, he governed them that remained in ATHENS,
| with
».
OO”
"PHOCTO X.
wi | lenity, and ſuch as he knew to be good men and quiet, them he alwaies pre-
fe 1 - but ſuch as he ſaw were fantaſtical People, and deſirous of change, he kept
them from-Qffice , and rook all occaſion from them, ſo that they vaniſhed away of themſelves
and learned"in- time to love the Countrey, and to follow Tillage. When he ſaw Xenocrates alſo
pay a certain Penſion or Tribute to the Commonwealth , which all ſtrangers dwelling in A-
THENS did uſe yearly to pay, he would have made him a Free-man, and offered to put his name
amongſt the number of the free Citizens. But Xepocrazes refuſed it, ſaying, be would have no
part of that freedome, for the binderance whereof he had been ſent Ambaſſador; And when
Menyllus bad ent Phecion Money, he made him anſwer, that Menyllus was no greater Lord then
eAlexander had been, neither had he at that time any greater occaſion to receive his Preſent,
chen when he had refuſed King eAlexanaers Gift. Menyllus replying again, ſaid, that if he had
no need of it for himſelf, yet he might ler his Son Phocas have it. But Phocion anſwered :
If 'my Son Phocus will leave his naughty life, and become an honeſt man, that which 1 will leave
him, ſhall ſerve his turn very well ; bur if it be ſo, that he will ſtill hold on the courſe he hath ta-
ken, there is no riches then that can ſuffice him, Another time alſo he anſwered eAntipater more
roundly, when he would have had him done an unhoneſt thing : eLntiparer (ſaid he) cannot have
me to be his friend and flatterer both, eAntipaters ſelf was wont to {ay, thathe had two triends
at ATHENS, Phocion and Demaaes: of the which he could never make the one to take any thing
of him , and the other he could never ſatisfie. And truly Phocions Poverty was a great glory
unto his Vertue, ſichence he was 'grown old, continuing in the fame, after he had been ſo many
times Generall of the ATHENIANS, and had received ſuch friendſhip and courtelie of ſo man
Kings and Princes. Where Demades to the contrary delighted to ſhew his riches, in things that
were contrary to the Laws of the City, For a Decree being made at ATHzeNs, commandin
that no ſtranger, upon forfeiture of a thouſand Drachma's to be payed to the defrayer of the
Dances of the City, ſhould be any of the Dancers that Danced at any common Plays or Sports :
Demades one day making certain Games and Sports at his own charges, brought a hundred
Dancers of ſtrangers at one time, and withall brought alſo a hundred thouſand Drachma's to pay
the forfeiture thereof, Another time when he married his Son Demas, he ſaid unto him: Son,
when I married thy Mother, there was ſo ſmall roſt, that my next Neighbour knew not of it ;
where now at thy Marriage, Kings and Princes are at the charge of the Feaſt. Furthermore,
when the ATHENIANS were importunate with Phocion to go unto eAntipater, to entreat him
to take his Garriſon out of their City, he till refuſed the Ambaſſade, either becauſe he had no
hope to obtain it, or for that he ſaw the People more obedient unto reaſon, for fear of the Gar-
riſon, Howbeit he obtained of Antipater , that he ſhould not be too haſty in the demanding of
his Money , but ſhould defer it untill a further time. So the ATHENIANS perceiving they
could do no good with Phocion, they entreated Demades, who — todk the matter upon
him, and went with his Son into MacEdon ; whither doubtleſs his deſtiny carried him to his
utter deſtruion, even at that very time when Antipater was faln ſick of a diſeaſe whereof he
died : whereby the affairs of the Realm went through the hands of Cafſander his Son , who
had intercepted a Letter of this Demades, which he had ſent unto Antigonns in As 1 a, willing him
to come in all poſlible ſpeed to win GREEcE and MAcEDoN, which hung but of an old rot-
ten thread, mocking Antipater in this manner, Wherefore ({aſſander being advertiſed of his ar-
rivall, he made him preſently to be apprehended , and ſetting his Son hard by him, flew him be-
fore his Father, ſo near him, that the blood of his Son ſprang upon him, ſo that the Father was
all bloodied with the murder of his Son. Then Cafſander caſting in Demades teeth his ingratitude,
and treacherous Treaſon againſt his Father, giving him all the reproachfull words he could deviſe, at
the length be ſlew him with his own hands. Now Antipater before his death had eſtabliſhed Poty-
perchon Generall of the Army of the Mactpox1ans , and Caſſander his Son onely Colonell
of a thouſand Footmen, He notwithſtanding, after his Fathers deceaſe, takirg upon him the go-
vernment of the Realm, ſent 2 icanor with ſpeed to ſucceed Menylls in the Captainſhip of the
Garriſon of ATHENS, before his death ſhould be revealed , commanding him firſt in any caſe to
take the Caſtle of MunycH1a, which he did. Shortly after the ATHEN1ans underftanding of
Phocion refu-
ſerh Menyllus
gilts.
Phocion loved
poverty,
The infolency
cf Demailcs
the Orator.
Caſſanley King
Antipatcrs Son
The unformw.
nate end of
Demades.
Polyperchon
General of
the Army of
the Macedont-
the death of Aztipater, they accuſed Phocion, for that he had known of his death long before, and ns.
yet kept it ſecret to pleaſe 2 jcanor. But Phocion regarded not his accuſation, bot fell in acquaintance
notwithſtanding with Nicanor ; whom he handled ſo wiſely, that he made him not onely friendly un-
to the ATHENIANS, but furthermore perſwaded him to be at ſome charge to give the People the
paſtime of common Plays, which he made to be done at his coft. In the mean time, Polyperchon,
who had the Government of the Kings perſon, meaning to give Caſſander a (lampant and blurt, he
ſent Lenters Patents unto the People at ATHENS, declaring how the young King did reſtore unto
them their popular ſtate again, and commanded that allthe ATHzN1a.xs fhould uſe their former
ancient Laws of their City. This was a wiſe and crafty fetch againſt Phocion. For Polyperchon devi-
fing this praiſe to get the City of ATHENS into his hands ( as it fell out afterwards by proof )
bat no hope to obtain his purpoſe, unleſs he found means firſt to baniſh Phocion : and thought
that he ſhould eaſily bring that to paſs, when ſuch as had before been put off their freedom by his
means, ſhould come again to have voices in the Aſſembly, and thar the ſeditious Orators and Ac-
cuſers might be turned at liberty again, to ſay what they —_ The ATHENIANS having _
2 the
Polyperchon's
conſpiracy a-
gainit Phoczort.
634
f
PHOCION. _—__
Better to re-
ceive then to
offer an injury.
Alcxander the
Son of Poly=
perchon pra.
Riſed Treaſon
againſt the
Athenzans.
Phocion accu-
ſed of Treaſon,
Polypercbon did
put Dinarchus
to death.
Phecion ſent
Priſonerto A-
thens ro be con-
demned.
the Contents of theſe Letters Patents, began to be ſomewhat quickened and muy res.
upon N5canor deſiring to ſpeak with the ATHENIANS 1n their Senate, 2 bled
in the Haven of P1zx 4, he went and hazarded his perſon amongſt them, uponiiot#ors faith
and word, Dercyllus Captain for the King, being ſecretly advertiſed thereof, and in the Field, not
far from the City, did what he could to take Nicanor : but Nicanor having warning of it in
time, ſaved himſelf, Then ic appeared that N\icanor would preſently be revenged of the City, and
they accuſed Phocion becauſe he kept him not, but did let him go. Whereunto he anſwered, Thar
he truſted Nicanors word, and that he did not think he would offer the City any hurt ; but if it
ſhould fall out otherwiſe, he bad rather the World ſhould know, that he had no wrong offered
him, then that he ſhould offer any. This truly appeared to be nobly ſpoken, in reſpe&t of him-
ſelf: but conſidering that he being then Generall, did thereby hazard the ſafery of his Countrey,
I cannot tell whether be did not breaka greater faith which he ought ro have had to the ſafety of his
Countreymen, Neither could he alſo alledge for his excuſe, that he did not lay hands on N icanor,
for fear to bring the City into manifeſt War : but that for a colour he did prefer the faith which
he had ſworn and promiſed unto him, and the juſtice that he would obſerve in his behalf, chat
for his ſake, N5canor ſhould afterwards keep himſelf in peace, and do no hurtto the AThsx1-
ans. Howbeit intruth it ſeemed, that nothing deceived Phocion, but the over-truſt he had in
this Nicanor. The which ſeemeth to be ſo, becauſe when divers came to him to complain of Nica-
nor, that he ſought all the ſecret means he could to ſurprize the Haven of P1rx a, and that he
daily paſſed over Souldiers in the Iſle of SALamiNna, and practiſed to bribe certain of the 1n-
habitants within the precin&ts of the Haven, he would never hear of it, and much leſs believe it.
Furthermore , when Philomedes LaMERIAN made a motion , that the ATHEx1ans ſhould
prepare to be in readineſs to wait upon their Captain Phocton, todo as he commanded them ; he
made no account- of it, untill he ſaw 7 :*canor come out with his Souldiers from the Fort of Mu y-
CHIA, and that he began to caſt Trenches to. compaſs in the Haven of Pix a. But then , When
Phocion thought to lead out the People to prevent him, he found they mutined againſt him, and
no man would obey his commandment. In the mean time eAlexander the Son of Polyperchon
came with an Army, pretending to aid them of the City againſt Nicanor, where indeed he meant
(if he could) to get the reſt of the City into his hands, then eſpecially, when they were in greateſt
broil one againſt another , and the rather, becauſe the baniſhed men entred hand over head with
him, and divers ſtrangers alſo, and other defamed men: ſo that there was a confuſed Council and
Aſſembly of Omnigatherxm kept within the City, without any order : in the which Phocien was de-
prived of his Office of Generall, and others were alſo choſen Captains in his place, And had they
not ſeen this eAlexander talking alone with N:canor, and returning many times hard to the Walls
of the City, which made the ATHENIANS afraid and miſtruſtfull, they had never ſaved it from ta-
king. At that time Phocior was preſently accuſed of Treaſon by the Orator eAgnonides : the which
Callimedon and Pericles fearing, got them out of the City betimes, And Phocton alſo with his friends
that were not fled, went unto Polyperchon : with whom alſo Solon PLAT #1 AN and Dinarchus Co-
RINTHIAN went for company, who thought to have found friendſhip and familiarity with Poly-
perchon. Howbeit Dinarchus falling ſick by the way inthe City of ELa T14, they ſtayed there ma-
ny days, hoping of hisrecovery, Burt in the mean time, the People at the perſwaſion of the Ora-
tor cAgnonides, and at the requeſt of eArcheftratus, ftabliſhed a Decree, to ſend Ambaſſadors unto
Polyperchon, to accuſe Phocion : infomuch as both parties met at one ſelf-rime, and found him in the
Ficld with the King about a Village of the Countrey of PHoc1ps, called PHaryGts, ſtanding
at the foot of the Mountain Acrorion, which they firname alſo Galaten, There Polyperchon com-
manded a Cloth of Gold to be ſet up, and cauſed the King to be ſet under the ſame, and all his chief-
eſt friends about him, But to begin withall, he made Dirarcha to be taken, and commanded them to
put him to death, after they had racked him : then he willed the ArHentans to tell what they
had to ſay. Then they began to quarrel, and to be loud one with another, accuſing one another in
the preſence of the King and his Council, untill A gnonides at length ſtepped forth, and ſaid : My
Lords of Ma cEDoN, put us all in Priſon, and then ſend us bound hands and feet to Aryen s, tO
give account of our doings. The King laughed to hear him lay ſo. But the Noblemen of Macz-
DON that were preſent then, and divers ſtrangers beſides to hear their complaints, made ſign to the
Ambaſſadors to utter their accuſations before rhe King , rather then to refer them to the hearing of
the People at ATHENS, Howbeit both parties had not a like indifferent hearing : for Polyperchon
checked up Phocion oftentimes, and did till cut off his tale as he thought co purge himſelf , inſo-
much as in an anger he beat his ſtaff he had in his hand againſt the ground, and commanded him at
length to hold his peace, and to get himthence, And when Hegemon alſo told Polyperchon, that
he himſelf could beſt witneſs, how Phocon had alwaies faithfully ſerved and loved the People, he
angrily anſwered him : Come not hither to lie falſly upon me in the preſence of the King. There-
with the King roſe out of his ſeat, and rook a Spear in bis hand, thinking to have killed Hege-
mon, had not Polyperchon ſuddenly embraced him behind, and ſtaid him, So the Council roſe, and
brake up, but preſently Phocion was apprehended, and they that ſtood by bim. Certain of his
friends ſeeing that, which ſtood farther off, muffled their faces, and ſtraight conveyed themſelves a-
way. The reſt were ſent Priſonersto ATHENS by Clitws, not ſo much to have their cauſes heard
there, as to have them executed for condemned men, Furthermore, the manner of the carrying of
them
ap te -_
k: if P H 0.CI ON:
OY - : -
them t0:ATug Ns was ſhameful. . For. they were carried upon Carts through the preat ſtreet Ce-
ramicum unz the Theatre, where (litws kept them untill the Senate had aflembled the People; ex-
cepting no Bondman, no ftranger, nor defamed :perſon our of this Aſſembly, :bur. left the Theatt e
wide open to all comers. in, whatſoever they were, and the Pulpit for Orations free for every man
that would ſpeak- againſt hira...,So firſt of all the Kings Letters were read openly, by the which
he did advertiſe the People, that he bad found theſe offenders convicted of Treaſon : notwith&tand-
ing, that. he referred the ſentence. of their condemnation unto them, for that they were Free-men.
Then Clitzs brought his Priſoners before the People, where the Neblemen when they ſaw Phocion,
were alhamed, and hiding their faces, wept to ſee him. Howhbeit, there was one that roſe up, and
faid : My Lords, fth: the King referreth the judgement. of ſo great perſons unto the People, it were
great reaſon all the Bondmen and ſtrangers which are no free Citizens of ATHEns, ſhould be ta-
Ken our of this Aſſembly. The People would not agree to it, but cryed out, that ſuch Traitors
ſhould be ſtoned to death, that favoer the Authority of a few, and are enemies of the People ;
whereupon ſilence was made, and. no man durſt ſpeak any more / for Phocion. Nevertheleſs when
Phocion with much ado had obtained audience, he asked them : My Lords, will ye juſtly or wrong-
fully put us to death? Some anſwered him, juſtly. How then can you do it, quoth he, chat will
not hear our-juſtification ? Yet could they not be heard tor all this. Then Phocion coming nearer,
ſaid unto them : For my ſelf, my Lords, I conte(s I have done you 'wrong, and have in Govern-
ment committed faults deſerving death , but for theſe Priſoners with me, what have they done why
ou ſhould put them to dearh 2 The common People anſwered him , Becauſe they are thy friends.
With this anſwer Phocion departed, and ſpake never a word more. Then the Orator Agnonides
holding a Decree in his hand ready written , read it openly to the People, declaring how they
ſhould be judged by voices, whether the offenders had deſerved death our not: and if it were
found they had, then that they (hould all be put ro death. And there were, that when this Decree
was read, cryed out, that they ſhould add further unto the Decree, that before Phocion ſhould be
put to death, they ſhould firſt rormient him : and therewithall commandment was given, that the
Wheel ſhould be ſet up to break his joints upon it, and alſo that the Hangman ſhould be ſent for.
But then eAgnonides_perceiving that Clitxs was offended with it, and thinking beſides it were too
beaſtly and barbarous a part toule him in that ſort, he ſaid openly : My Lords, when you ſhall
have ſuch a Varlet in your hands as (allimedon, then you may caſt him onthe Wheele , but againſt
Phocion, 1 would not wiſh ſuch cruelty. Then roſeup a Nobleman among them, and added to
his words : Thou haſt reaſon to ſay ſo, eAgnonides, for it Phocion ſhould be laid on the Wheel,
what ſhould we then do with thee ? The Decree being confirmed according to the Contents there-
of, judgement was given by voices of the People, no man fitting, bur all ſtanding up, and moſt
of them with Garlands on their heads, for the joy they had to condemn theſe Pritoners to death,
With Phocion there were condemned N\ icocles, Thudippus, Hegemon, and Pithocles : bur Deme-
trixs PHALERIAN, Callimedon and Charicles, were allo in their abſence condemned to die, Now
when the Aſſembly was broken up, and that the perſons condemned were carried back 10 Priſon,
from thence to be conveyed to execution : others embracing their friends, and taking their laſt
leave of them as they went, wept, and lamented their curſed fortune. But Phecion looking as
chearfully of it as he was wont to do being General], when they honourably waited on him to his
Houſe {rom the Aſſembly, he made many of them pity him in their hearts, to conſider his con-
ſtancy and noble courage. On the other ſide alſo, there were many of his Enemies that came as
near unto him as they could, to revile him, amongſt whom there was one that ſtepped before him,
and did ſpit in his face. Then Phocion turning him unto the Magiſtrates, ſaid : Will ye nor cauſe
this impudent fellow to leave his railing > When they were in Priſon, 7 hxdippus _ the Hem-
lock which they brayed in a Mortar to give them drink, he began deſperately to curſe and ban,
ſaying, that they wrongfully put him to death with Phocion, Why, ſaid Phocion again, and doeſt
thou not rather rejoyce to die with me > When one that ſtood by, asked Phocion if he would any
thing to his Son Phocws : Yes, quoth he, that I will : bid him never revenge the wrong the A.
THENtANS do me. Then MNicocles, one of Phocions deareſt friends, prayed him to let him drink
the poyſon before him. Phocion anſwered him, Thy requeſt is grievous to me, MNicocles: but be-
cauſe 1 never denied thee any thing in my life, I will alſo grant thee this at my death. When all the
reſt had drunk, there was no more poiſon left, and the Hangman faid he would make no more, un-
leſs they gave him twelve Drachma's, for ſo much the pound did coft him : Phocion perceiving
then that the Hangman delayed time, he called one of his friends unto him, and prayed him to give
The fury of the
Athenians a+
gainſt Phocjon.,
The cruelty of
the Athenians
unto Phocion.
Phocion con-
demned to
death.
The conſtancy
and courage of
Phocion, being
condemned co
die.
the Hangman that little Money he demanded, fith a man cannot die at ATHENS for nothing, Phorion gave
without coſt. It was the nineteenth day of the Moneth of Munichion, (to wit, March) on which Money tobe
day the Knights were wont to make a ſolemn Proceſſion in the honour of Jupiter : howbeit ſome P***9 death.
of them left off the Garlands of Flowers which they ſhould have worn on their heads, and others
alſo looking towards the Priſon door as they went by , burſt out a weeping, For they whole
hearts were not altogether hardened with cruelty , and whoſe judgements were not wholly ſup-
prefſed with envy, thought it a grievous Sacriledge againſt the gods , that they did nor ler that
day paſs, but that they did defile ſo ſolemn a Feaſt with the violent death of a man. His E-
nemies notwithſtanding, continuing till their anger againſt him, made the People paſs a Decree,
that his body ſhould be baniſhed, and carried out of the bounds of the Countrey of ATT1ca,
Hhh 3 forbidding
636
PH 0.0 EO WC:
COT
PhocionsVBune-
rals.
forbidding the ATWENIA NS that no fire ſhould be made for the ſolemnizing' of tiisPatierals. For
this reſpe& no friend of his did once touch his body. Howbeis a: poor-man called' Conopion, that
was wont to get his living that way being hired for Money to burn mens bodies, he took his Corſe, and
carried it beyond the City of ELsus1n ; and getting fire out of a Womans Houſe of MEGaRa,
he ſolemnized hjs Funerals. Furthermore, there was a Gentlewoman of MzG6ara, who coming
by chance that way, with her Gentlewoman, where his body was but newly burnt, ſhe cauſed the
Earth to be caſt up a little where the body was burnt, and made it like to a hollow Tomb ; Whereup-
on ſhe did uſe ſuch ſprinklings and effuſions, as are commonly done at the Funerals of the dead : and
then taking up his bones in her lapin the night, ſhe brought chem home, and buried them in her hearth,
ſaying : O dear hearth, to thee I bequeath the Relicks of this noble -and good man, and pray thee
to keep them faithfully, ro bring him one day to the Grave of his Anceſtors, when the Arhtniangs
ſhall come to confeſs the fault and wrong they have done unto him. And truly it was notlong after,
that the ATHENIANS found by the untowardneſs of their Affairs, that they had pur him to death,
who onely maintained Juſtice and Honeſty at ATksNs. Whereupon they made his Image to be ſer
up in Braſs, and gaye honourable burial to his Bones, at the charges of the Ciry. And for his Accu-
ſers, they condemned Agnonides of Treaſon, and put him todeath themſelves. The other two, Ep;-
curus and Demophilus being fled out of the City, were afterwards met with by his Son Phocus, who
was revenged of them. This Phocws, as men report, was otherwiſe no great good man, who fancyi
a young Maid, which a Bawd kept, coming by chance one day into the School of Lyczum, he hear
heodors the Atheiſt (to wit, thar believed not there were any gods) make this A t: If ir be
no ſhame, ſaid he, to deliver a mans friend from bondage, no moreſhameis it ro redeem his Lemman
which he loveth : even ſo it is all one to redeem a mans Lemman, as his friend. This young man ta-
king this Argument to ſerve his turn, believing that he might lawfully do it, got the young Maid he
loved from the Bawd. Furthermore, this death of Phocion did alſo rev;ve the lamentable deark, of
Socrates unto the GRECIANS : for men thought that was a like hainous offence, and calamity unto
the City of ATHENS,
The end of the Life of Phocion,
THE LIFE OF
CATO UTICA N.
Ann. Mund, | Ant, Chrift,
389 . ' 57-
re He Family and Houſe of (to took his firſt Glory and Name of his great Grand- The parentage
Wl father Caro the Cenſor ; who for his vertue (as we have declared in his Life) of Cato.
W.y4 was one of the famouſeſt and worthieſt men of Rowe in his rime. This Cato
| whom we now write of, was left an Orphan by his Father and Mother, with his
! Brother Cepio, and Porcia his Siſter. Serwvsl:a was alſo Caro's half Siſter by
FJ || bis Mothers fide. All theſe were brought up with their Uncle Zivins Druſus, Livius Druſus
\ WF -- &f| ar that time the greateſt man of rhe City : for he was paſting eloquent, and very Cato's Uncle.
— honeſt, nd of a et a courage befides, as any other Roan, Men report,
that Caro from his childhood ſhewed himlelf both in word and countenance, and alfo i all his Paſtimes
and ecreations, very conſtant and ſtable, For he wonld go through with that he cook upon him Cato's men-
to do, and would force himſelf above his trength : and as he could'not away with Mflatterers, ſo was "ers-
be rough with them chat went about to-threxten him. He would hardly laugh ; and yer had ever a
pleafanc. countenauce, He was not cholerick, nor eafic ro be angered , bur when the blood was up,
he was hardly pacified. When he was firft pur ty'Sthovl, he was very dull of underſtanding, and
flow to Jearn : but when he had once learned ir, he would never forget it, as all men elf commonly —-
do. For ſuch as are quick of conceit, have commonly the 'worſt memories : and contrarily, they ... KEEL
"that are hard to ſeam, do keep that better which they have learned. For every kind of learning a,
is 2 motion and quickening of the mind, He ſeemed beſides not to-be lighe of credit, and that may ye; good me-
be ſome cauſe of his {lowneſs in conceit, For truly he ſuffereth ſomewhat that learneth, and there- mory.
of it cometh, that they that have leaſt reaſon co refiſt, are thoſe which do give lighteft credit, For
young men are caſilier perfwaded then old men, and the fick then the whole, And where a man
bath leaft reaſon for his doubts, there he is ſooneſt brought to believe any thing. This norwithſtand-
ing, it is reported, that Caro was obedient unto his School-mafter, and would do what he com-
manded him :; howbeit he would ask him till the cauſe and reaſon of every thing. Indeed his School-
maſter was very gentle, and readier to teach him, rhen to ſtrike him with his fiſt, His name was Sar- $2:rpedo Cato's
pedo Furthermore, when Caro was but a young boy, the People of IT a Ly which were Contede- Schcol-malter.
rates of the Romans, ſued to be made free Citizens of Rome. Art that time it chanced one
Fompedins Silo, n waliant Souldier, and of great eftimation among the Confedetates of the Ro-
MANS, and a preat friend beſides of Dr«ſws, to be lodged many daies at his Houſe. He in
the time falling acquaineed with theſe young Boys, faid one day unto them : Good Boys, entreat
your Uncle to ſpent for us, thar we may be made free Citizens of Rome. Cepio ſmiling, nodded
with his head that he would. Bur Cato making no anſwer, tooked very wiſely upon the ſtrangers that
lay in the Houſe. Then Pompedima taking him afide, asked him : And thou, my pretty Boy, what
ſayeſ thou to # Wile thou not pray thine Uncle, as well as thy Brother, to be good to his Gueſts ?
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Cato ſtill held his peace and anſwered nothing, but ſhewed by his ſilence and look, that he would not
Cato'sauſteriry hear their requeſt, Then Pompedius taking him up in his arms, did put him out of the window, as
if he would have let him have gone, and ſpeaking more ſharply to him then he did before, he caſt
him many times out of his arms without the window, and ſaid, Promiſe us then, or elſe I will ler
thee fall. But Cato did abid it a long time, and never quinched for it, nor ſhewed countenance of fear.
The maryel- Thereupon Pompedix ſetting him down again, told his friends. that ſtood by him : O what good
Jous conſtancy hap doth this Child promiſe one day unts ITALY, if he live? Sure if he were a man, I believe we
of Cato when ſhould not have one voice of all the People on our fide. Another time there were ſome of Caro's
_ * near Kinſmen, that keeping the Feaſt day of his birth, had many young Boys to ſupper, and amongſt
7” others this Cato. The Boys to occupy themſelves till Supper was ready, gathered themſelves to-
£ gether great and ſmall,- into-ſome private place of the Houſe, Their play was/*counterfeiting plead-
ings betore the Judges, accuſing one another, and carrying them: that- were condemned to Priſon,
Amonegft them a goodiy' young Boy was carried by a bigger Boy intg a litle Chamber, bound and a
condemned -perſon+ The Boy perceiving he was locked up, cryed out unto Caro who miſtruſting
what it was, went ſtraight te the Chamber door, and putting them by by forcethatwithſtood him
to come urito Rt, he took out the young Boy, and-carried him very angerly withishim? ro his own
Houſe, and aff" che other young Boys followed him alſo. So Cato had. ſuch a nap&among the yottig
yes;rthar when. Sylla made the Game of young Boys running on- Horſe-back,-which the h:
as call -Trviaz.to' appoinr before that they might be ready at the day of the Show7he |
having” gotten. all the young Bpys of Noble-houſes together , appointed them two Captains, Of
them, .the Boys, teok the one; becauſe of his Mother eMerella, which was the Wife of Sy{/a : but
they W hid norie-f the. other called Sexrs, who was Nephew to Pompey the Great, neither would
they be exerciſe@iider 'bim; nor follow him. Wherefore Sylla_asked them,” which of them they
would have*=thity all cryed then, Caro, and Sextus himſelf did willin pl give him the honour, as the
$yIlu's love un- worthier of both. Syl/a wastheir Fathers friend, and therefore did ſend for them many times to come
to Cato being unto him, and he would talk with them: the which kindneſs he ſhewed to few men, for the Majeſty
bura boy. and great Authority he had. Sarpedv alſo (Czte's Schoolmaſter) thinking it a great preferment and
fafery for his Scholars, did commonly bring {ate-unto Sy{a's; Houſe, to wait upon him : the which
was rather like unto a Goal or Priſon, for the great number of Priſoners which were daily brought :
thither, and put to death. (aro being then but fourteen years of age, and perceiving that there
were many heads brought which were ſaid to be of great men, and thatevery body ſighed and mour-
ned to ſeethem, he asked his Schoolmaſter, how it was poſſible the Tyrant ſcaped, that ſome one
Cato's hate be- or other killed him not ? Becauſe, quoth Sarpedo, that all men fear him more then they hate him,
ing 2 boy, *- Why then, replycd Cato again, didſt thou: not give me a Sword, that I might kill him, to deliver
I my Countrey of this ſlaviſh bondage ? Sarpedo hearing the Boy ſay ſo, and ſeeing his countenance and
| eyes on fire with choler, he marvelled much at it, and afterwards had a very good eye unto him, leſt
raſhly he ſhould attempt ſomething againſt Syl/s, When he was but a little Boy, ſome asked him
whom he loved beſt? My Brother, ſaid he. Then the other continuing till ro ask him, and who
Caio's love to Next? he anſwered likewiſe his Brother. Then the third time again, likewiſe bis Brother, Till at
his Brother. length he that asked him, was weary with asking him ſo oft, Yea and when he was come of age alſo,
he then confirmed the love he bare to his Brother in his deeds. For twenty years rogether he never
ſupped without his Brother Cepso, neither went he ever out of his Houſe into the Market-place, ror
into the Fields without him ; but when his Brother did anoint himſelf with ſweet oyles of perfume,
he would none of that, and in all things elſe, he led a ſtraight and hard life. So that his Brother /':-
po being commended of every man for his temperance, honeſty, and ſober life, he granted indeed,
that inreſpe& of others, he led a ſober and temperate life : but when I do (faid he) compare my life
with my Brother ({@o's, methinks then there is no difference betwixt me and Scippiis, This Scrppi-
244 Was at that time noted and pointed at, for his fine and curious effeminare life, , After that {aro was
once choſen eApollo's Prieſt, he went from his Brother, and took his portion of the Goods of his
Father, which amounted to the ſum of an hundred and twenty Talents. Then he lived more
Antipater tbe bardly then hedid before. For he fell in acquaintance with eLntip ter TYRLA N, a Stoick Philoſo-
Stoick, Cato's pher, and gave himſelf chiefly unto the ſtudy of Moral and Civil Philoſophy, imbracing all exerciſe
Schoolmaſter. * of yertue with ſuch an earneſt deſire, that it ſeemed he was pluckt forward by ſome god : bur above
all other vertues, he loved the ſeverity of juſtice, which he would not wreft tor any gift nor favour.
He ſtudied alſo to be eloquent, that he might ſpeak openly before the People, becauſe he would there
ſhould be certain warlike Forces ahaados. 1 civil Philoſophy, as alſo in a great City, Notwith-
ſtanding, he would not exerciſe it before any body ,' neither would he ever have any man to hear
him ſpeak when he did learn to ſpeak. For when one of his friends told him one day , that men
did millike he ſpake ſo little in company : It skilleth no matter, quoth he, ſo they cannot reprove my
life, for I will begin to ſpeak, when I can ſay ſomething worthy to be ſpoken. Hard by the Market-
place there was the common Palace or Town-houſe of the City, called Baſilica Porcia, the which
Porcius Cato the elder had built, in the time of his Cenſorſhip. There the Tribunes were wont to
- keep their audience, and becauſe there was a Pillar that troubled their ſeats, they would either have
"aken it away, or elſe have ſer it in ſome other place. That was the firſt cauſe that made Cato againſt
« a8 for Bs will to go into the Market-place, and to get up into the Pulpit for Orations, to ſpeak againſt
ths earl them, where having given this firſt proof of his eloquence and noble mind, he was marvel-
louſly eſteemed of, For his Oration was not like a young man, counterfeiting fineneſs of _
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and affeation, but ſtout , and full of wit and vehemency : and. yet in his ſhortneſs of his ſentences,
bad ſuch an excellent grace witball, that he maryellouſly delighted the hearers ; and furthermore,
ſhewing in naturea certain gravity, beſides, it did fo pleaſe them, that he made them laugh. He had
a very tull and laudible voice, that might be heard of a marvellous number of People, and fuch a ſtrong
nature beſides, that he never fainted, nor brake his ſpeech : for many times he would ſpeak a whole
day together, and was never weary. So when he had obrained his Cauſe againſt the Tribunes, he re-
turned again to keep. his former great filence, and to barden his body. with painfull Exerciſes, as to
abide heat, froſt and ſhow bare-headed, and alwaies to go on. foot inthe Field, where his triends
that did accompany him rode on horſeback , and ſometime he would come and talk with one, ſome-
tirne with another, as he went on foot by them, He had a wonderfull patience alſo in his fickneſs :
for when he had any ague, he would be alone all day long, and ſuffer no man to: come to ſee him,
untill he perceived his tir was off him, and that he found he was better. When he ſupped with his
friends and familiars,” they drew lots who ſhould chooſe their parts. If he chanced not to chooſe,
his friends notwithſtanding gave him che preferment ro chooſe : bur he refuſed ir, ſaying, it was no rea-
ſon, ſith the goddeſs, Yenu was againſt him. Ar the firſt he did nor uſe to fit at the Table : but af-
ter he had drank one draught onely, he would ſtraight riſe. But when he came to beelder, he fate
long at the Table: ſo that often times he would fit it out all night with his friends, till the next mor:
ning. Bur they ſeeking to excuſe it, ſaid, that his great buſineſs and affairs in the Commonwealth
was the cauſe of it :, for following tharall the day long, having no leiſure nor time to ſtudy, when
night came he delighted to talk with learned men, and Philoſophers at the Board. Wherefore when
Memmius on a time being in company, faid, that Caro did nothing bur drink all night., C:cero taking
his tale out of his mouth, anſwered him ; Thou doeſt not add this unto it, that all the day he doth no-
thing bur play atdice. To be ſhorr, Caro thinking that the manners and faſhions of mens lives in his
time were ſo corrupt, and required ſuch great change and alteration, that to go uprightly, he was to
take a contrary courſe in all things : therefore when he ſaw the purple, red, and the lighteſt colours
were beſt eiteemed of, he in contrary manner deſired to wear black, And many times alſo after din-
ner, he would go abroad bare-footed without ſhooes, and without any gown : not becauſe he would
be wondered at for any ſuch ſtrangeneſs, but to acquaint himſelf ro be aſhamed | onely of ſhame-
leſs and diſhoneſt things : and to deſpiſe thoſe which were not reproved, but by mens opinions.
Furthermore, Land being left him to the yalue of an hundred Talents by the death of a Couſin of
his that likewiſe was called Cato, he pur it into ready Money, to lend to his friends that lacked ; and
without uſury, And there were ſome of his friends alſo that would morgage his Land, or his Slaves,
to the Chamber of the City, for their own private ' buſineſs : the which he himſelf. would either
give them to morgage , or elſe afterwards confirm the Morgage of them, Furthermore, when he
was come of age to marry, having never known Woman betore, he was made ſure to Lepida. This
Lepida had been pre-contracted unto Merellus Scipio : but afterwards the pro-contract being bro-
ken, he forſook her, ſo that ſhe was free when Caro was contracted to her. Notwithſtanding, be-
fore (ato married her, Scipio repenting him that he had refuſed her, made all the means he could to
have her again : and ſo he had. Cato took it ſo grievoully, that he —_ togo to Law for her,
bur his friends diſſwaded him from it. Then ſeeing no other remedy, to fatisfie his angry mind, he
wrote Verſes againſt $c:pro, in the which he reviled him all he could : uſing the bitter raunts of eAr-
chilocus Verſes, but not fuch impudent, lewd, and childiſh reproaches as be there. After that he Attilia, Cato's
married eAttilia, Soranus Daughter, being the firſt Woman he ever knew : yet not the onely Wo- Wife.
man whom he did know, as is reporced of Lelis, Scipso's friend, who therein was counted the hap. £«!##s Marti-
pier, becauſe all that long time wherein keelived, he never knew other Woman but his firſt Wife, *5*
Furthermore, in the War of the Bond-men ( otherwiſe called Spartacus War ) one Gellins was
choſen Prxtor of the Army, under whom Cato ſerved of his own good will, for the love he bare Cats's firſt
unto his Brother Cpio, who in that Army had charge of a thouſand Footmen. Now Caro could Souldier fare
not as he wiſhed, ſhew his valiantneſs and good ſervice, becauſe of the inſufficiency. of the Prztor,
that gave ill diretion. This notwithſtanding, in the midſt of all the riot and inſolency of them in
the Camp, he ſhewing himſelt a ſtayed man in all his doings, valiant where need was, and very
wiſe alſo, all men eſteemed him to te nothing inferiour unto Caro the elder. Whereupon Gellius the
Prztor gave him many honours in token of his valiantneſs, which are given in reward of mens good
ſervice : howbeit Cato refuſed them, and ſaid, that he was nothing worthy of thoſe honours. Theſe
things made him to be thought a marvellovs ſtrange man. Furthermore, when there was a Law
made, forbidding all men that ſued for any Office in the Commonwealth, that they ſhould have no
promprers in any of the Afſemblies to blow into their ears the names of private Citizens : he
alone making ſuit ro be Colonel of a thouſand Footmen, was obedient to the Law, and committed
all the private Citizens names ro memory, to ſpeak unto every one of them, and to call them by
their names : ſo that he was envyed even of them that did commend him, For, by bow much they
knew his deeds praiſe-worthy, by ſo much more were they grieved, for that they could not follow
them. So Cato being choſen Colonell of a thouſand Footmen, he was ſent into Ma czDoN, unto
Rubrius, Prztor there.” Some ſay, that at his departure from thence, his Wife lamenting and weep-
ing 'to ſee him go, one CAunatims a friend of his ſaid unto her : rake no thought eAttilia, and leave
weeping, for I promiſe thee I will keep thy Husband for thee. Ir is well ſaid, anſwered Caro.
Then when they were a days Journey from ROME, Cato after Supper ſaid unto this Annatiuns :
Thou muſt look well tothy promiſe thou haſt made eArrilia, that chou wouldeſt keep me for her,
and
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and therefore forſake me not night nor day. Thereupon he commanded his men that from thence-
forth they ſhould prepare two beds in his Chamber, that Aſunatius alſo might lie there. ; who was
rather pleaſantly himſelf looked unto by Cato, then Cato by him, He had fifteen Slaves with him,
two Freemen, and four of his friends which rode, and he himſelf went on foot ſometime talking
with one, other while with another as he went. When he came to the Camp, where there were
many Legions of the RoMAN s, the Prztor immediately gave him charge of one of them : who
How Cato thinking it ſmall honour ro him for himſelf onely to be valiant, fith he was but one man, he practi-
—_— 13. ſed to make all his ute" _, like unto —_ 010 did not by fear and ter-
, and rour, but by leni tle perſwaſions, training and i in eve int what the
| ſhould do "ding ro vm inſtruction and perſwaſions, —_ to thoſe that tid well, and bo
niſhment to them that offended. Whereby it was hard to judge , whether he had made them more
quiet then warlike, more valiant, then juſt, So dreadfull they ſhewed themſelves to their Enemies,
and courteous to their friends : fearfull ro do evil, and ready ro win honour. Whereof followed
that which Cato leaſt accounted of, that is, he wan fame and good will : for his Souldiers did greatly
honour and love him, becauſe he himſelf would ever firſt ſet his hand to any thing he commanded
them; and becauſe alſo both in his diet, in his apparel, and in any journey or pains, he was rather
like unto the meaneſt Souldier, then any of the other Captains. In contrary manner alſo, in good na-
ture, noble courage, and eloquence, he far exceeded all the other Colonels and Caprains, for the true
loveof vertuve (to wit, the deſire to follow it) raketh no roots in mens minds, unleſs they have a fin-
gular love and reverence unto the perſon, whom they deſire to-follow. When Cato underſtood that
away Duck Athenodorus, ſfirnamed Cordylion, a Stoick Philoſopher, excellent] well learned; dwelt at that time
hence fs pro- in the City of PERG Amus, being a very old man, and one that ſtifly refuſed the friendſhip of Kings,
ceedeth. Princes, and Noblemen, defirous to have him abour them : to write to him, he thought ir was loſt [a-
Athenodorus hour, Wherefore having two moneths liberry by the Laws of the Romans, to follow his own
oe _ affairs, he took Sea, and went- into AS14 to him, hoping he ſhould not loſe his Journey , for the
IN, great vertues he knew in him. So when he had ſpoken with him, and talked of divers matters tOge-
ther, at length he brought him from his firſt determination, and carried him to the Camp with him ,
eſteeming this Vitory more then all the Conqueſts of Lucullus or Pompey, who had conquered the
moſt part of all the Provinces and Realms of che Eaſt parts of the World. In the mean time, whi-
leſt he lay at his charge in the Camp, 'being Colonel of a thouſand Footmen, his Brother preparing
'togo into As1a , fell fick in the City of Anus, inthe Countrey of TuRac1a. (aro having ſpee-
dy intelligence thereof, took Sea preſently, when it was marvellous rough and boiſterous, and im-
barked in a little Crayer of a Merchants of ThzssALy, with two of his friends, and three Bond-
men onely, and did eſcape drowning very narrowly : and yet by good fortune arrived ſafely, a little
The death of after his Brother Cepio's death, He took his death more ſorrowtully then became a Philoſopher,
Cepio, Cato's not onely mourning and lamenting for him, embracing the dead Corps of his Brother : but alſo for
Brother. the exceeding charge and ſumptuous Funerals which he beſtowed upon him, in perfumes, ſweet (a-
Gare 5mourd- yours, and ſumpruous filks that were burnt with his body : and furthermore, in the ately Tomb
Bacher Catio's of THRACIAN Marble which he made for him, and fer up in the Market-place of the Ax14ws,
death. thar coſt eight Talents. Some did millike this vain charge that Cato beſtowed, conſidering the mo-
deſty and-temperance he uſed in all chingselſe, not regarding with judgement his tender love and af-
fetion towards his Kinſmen, which was mingled in him with his ſeverity, and hardneſs, againſt all
voluptuouſneſs, fear, and ſhameleſs requeſts. Divers Cities, Princes and Noblemen, ſent him ma-
ny ſundry Preſents, to honour the Funerals of his Brother Cepio : howbeit he took no Money of all
them, ſaving onely ſpices, and ſweet ſavours, and ſuch other ornaments as honoured the obſequies of
the dead, and yet payed for them, unto thoſe that brought them, as much as they were worth. Fur-
thermore, inthe Land that fell unto him, and a little Daughter of his, by the death of his Brother,
notwithſtanding the charge he had been at his Funerals, he did not reckon it in the partition of the
Land betwixt him and his Brother {pio's Daughter. All the which things when they were ſolemni-
* Tr feemerh Zed, ſome * write notwithſtanding, that he did cleanſe the embers where his Brothers body had been
to be meanc of burnt, through a ſieve or riddle, where-through they cleanſe Corn, and all to get out the Gold and
Ceſar, which © Silver that was molten there : but ſuch think that their Writings ſhould be as far trom controllment as
wrote the their doings. So when Cato's time of his charge was expired, they did accompany him at his depar-
pcm ture, not onely with ordinary praiſes, vows, and prayers to the gods for his health ; but with embra-
cings, tears, and marvellous lamentations of the Souldiers, which ſpread their garments on the ground
as he went, and kifling of his hands, which honour the Romans did but to very few of their Gene-
rals. Furthermore, Cato being determined before he returned tro Rome to deal in the affairs there,
Cars) tro g0 and ſce As14, partly to be an eye witneſs of the manners, cuſtomes, and power of every Pro-
<=" "wig vince as he went : and partly alſo to fatisfhe King Dezorarms requeſt, who having been his Fathers
friend, had earneſtly entreated him to come and fee him, he went the journey, and uſed it in this ſort,
Firſt, by peep of day, he ſent his Baker and Cook before, where he meant tolie that night. They co-
ming ſoberly into the City or Village, inquired if there were none of Caro's friends and acquaintance
there, and if they found none, then they prepared his ſupper in an Inne, and troubled no man ; but if
there were no Inne, thenthey went to the Governours of the Town, and prayed them to help them
ro lodging, and did content themſelves with the firſt chat was offered them. Oftentimes the Townſmen
did not believe they were {ato's men, and made no account of them, becauſe they rook all things
ſo quietly, and made no ado with rhe Officers, Inſomuch as Caro ſometime came himſelf, and _
nothing
G4 [% : = ; , C. 4Þ | :
The love of
Cato's modeſty
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CaTO UTICA X
nothing ready for him , and when he w$ come, they made as ſmall account of him, ſeeing him ſer upon
his Carriages, and ſpeak never a word : for they took him for ſome mean man, and a timerous per-
ſon. Notwithſtanding, ſometime he called them unto him, and told them : O poor men, learn to be
more courteous to receive travelling Roma Ns that paſs by you, and look not alwaies to have Ca-
ro's to come unto you : and therefore ſee that you uſe them with ſuch courteſie and entertainment, that
they may bridle the authority they have over you: for you ſhall find many that will deſire no better
colour nor occaſion by force to take from you that they would have : becauſe you unwillingly alſo do
grant them the things they would, and need, There is report of a pretty jeſt hapned him in Sy r14
When he came to ANT10cH, he founda great number of People divided on either fide of the ſtreet,
ſtanding a row one by another very decently, the young men by themſelves in fair cloaks, boys by
themſelves in ſeemly array, and Prieſts and other Officers of the City alſo, all in white garments, crow-
ned with -garlands. Caro thought ſtraight they had made this ſolemn Proceſſion to honour him, and
fell out with his men he had ſent before, becauſe they did ſuffer them to make ſuch preparation for his
coming, So he made his friends light from their Horſes, and go on foot to accompany him. But when
they came near to the Gate of the City, the Maſter of the Ceremonies that had aſſembled all that
company (an old man, having a rod in his hand, and a Crown on his head) came to Cato without ſa-
luting of him, and asked him onely, where they bad left Demetrius, and when he would come. This
Demetrius had been one of Pompey's Slaves, and becauſe Pomwpey's fame was great with all men, his ſer-
vant Demetrius alſo was much honoured and made of above his deſert, for that he was in great credit
with Pompey. Cato's friends hearing what queſtion the old man asked him, burſt out a laughing as
they went through this Proceſſion. Cato being aſhamed of ir, ſaid no more then, but : O unfortu-
nate City ! Afterwards notwithſtanding, when he told it to any body, he would laugh at it himſelf.
But Pompey rebuked them that through ignorance had failed ro honour Cato. When Caro came to
the City of Eepxesus, and was coming towards Pompey to ſalute him, being theelder man, and of
greater dignity and eſtimation then he, who at that time alſo was General of a great and puifſant
Army. Pompey ſeeing him come towards him afar off, would not tarry till he came ro him, fitting
in his Chair of eſtate, but riſing up went to meet him, as one of the weateſt and nobleſt perſons of
Roms ; and taking him by the hand, after he had embraced and welcomed him, he preſently fell in
praiſe of his vertue before his face, and afterwards alſo commended him in his abſence, when he was
gone from him, Whereupon every man after that had him in great veneration for thoſe things which
before they deſpiſed him in, when they conſidered better of his noble and courteous mind. For men
that ſaw Pompey's entertainment towards him, knew well enough that Cato was a man which he ra-
ther reverenced, and for a kind of duty obſerved, more then for any love he bare him : and they no-
ted further, that he honoured him greatly while he was with him, but yet that he was glad when Ca-
to went from him. For he ſought to keep back all the young Gentlemen of Ro» that went to ſee
him, and deſired them to remain with him : but for Cato, he was nothing deſirous of his company,
for that in his preſence he thought he could not command as he would, and therefore was willing to
let him go, recommending his Wife and his Children to him, the which he never did before unto any
other Rom a N that returned to Rome : howbeit indeed Cato was partly allied unto him. After
that time, all the Cities whereby he paſſed, deviſed (in emulation one of the other) which of them
ſhould honour him moſt, and made him ; Feaſts and Banquets : in the which he prayed his friends
to have an eyeto him, leſt unawares he ſhould prove Curio's words true. * For Curio ſometime being
his friend, and a familiar of his, miſliking notwithſtanding his ſeverity, asked Caro if be would £0
ſee As1a, when his charge were expired. Cato anſwered again, that it was his full determination.
O well ſaid, quoth Curio, 1 hopethen thou wilt return more pleaſant and civill. And theſe were
Curio's words, Furthermore, Deiotarws King of GALAaT1a, being a very old man, ſent for Ca-
to to come into his Countrey, to recommend his Sons and Honle unto him : who when he arrived
there, had great rich Preſents of all ſorts offered him by the King, entreating him all he could to take
them. This ſo much miſliked and angred Cato, that he coming thirher in the evening, (after he had
tarried there one whole day onely) the next morning he went his way from thence at the third hour.
Howbeit he had not gone one days journey, but he found greater gifts that tarried him, with Dero-
tarus Letters, at the City of P:s$1NuNT a : inthe which he inſtantly requeſted himro rake them,
or at the leaſt if he would refuſe them himſelf, that then he would let them be divided amongft his
friends, ith every way they did deſerve it, bur ſpecially for his lake, for that his goods alſo were not
ſo great, as could content all his friends. Bur Caro would not ſuffer them to rake any jor of it
more then before , although he ſaw well enough , that there were ſome of them ſo tender-
hearted, that they complained of him, for that he would not ſuffer them to take any of it. For he
told them, that otherwiſe corruption and bribery could lack no honeſt colour to take: and for his friends,
they ſhould alwaies have part with him of that which was his own juſtly, So he returned King Dezo-
taru Preſents back again. Now when he was ready to imbark, to paſs over the Sea again unto
BruNDus1um, ſome of his friends perſwaded him, that it was better to put the aſhes of bis Brother
{pio's bones into-another Ship. But he anſwered them, that he would rather loſe his own lite, then
to leave his Brothers reliques. Thereupon he preſently hoiſed fail, and it is reported that he paſſed
over in great Canger, where other Ships arrived very ſafely. When he was returned unto ROME,
he was always either talking Philoſophy with eAthenodor the Philoſopher, or elſe in the Marker-
place, to pleaſure his friends, When his turn came that he was to make ſuit to be Quzſtor, he
would never ſue for it, before he had firſt diligently perufed all the Ordinances touching the Office
of
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Tan CATO UTICAN.
of Quzſtor, and that he had particularly made enquiry of mn of greateſt experience, to know what
Cato made the Authority of the Office was. So he no ſooner came to his Office, but he preſently made great al-
Quzſtor. teration amongſt the Clearks and Officers of the Treaſury : who baving the Laws and Records in
their hands, and exerciſing the Office commonly under young men which were choſen Treaſurers
(who for their ignorance and lack of experience, ſtood rather in need of Maſters to teach them,
then that they were able to corre others) they themſelves were the Officers and controlled them,
But Cato not contenting himſelf with the name and honour of the thing, did throughly underſtand
what the Clearks and Regiſters ſhould be, and therefore would have them to be as they ought to be,
Miniſters under the Quzftors onely ; telling them of their bribery and corruption which they com-
mitted, and reformed them alſo that faultred through ignorance. And when he ſaw ſome inſolent and
impudent perſons, that curried favour with. other Treaſurers to be againſt him, he cauſed the chief-
eſt of them to be condemned for falſhood , in makinS$ diviſion betwixt two co-heirs; and conſe-
Catulus Luf4- quently turned him clear out of his Office, for ever doing any thing there any more. He accuſed
tins, what he another alſo for forging of a Will, whom Catulus Luttatins detending, being then Cenſor, and a
- man of great honour for the dignity of his Office, but chiefly for his vertue, being counted the juſt-
eſt man one of them in his time at Roms, and of thoſe alſo that highly commended Cato, was
converſant with him for his honeſt life ; when he perceived that he could not defend this man by no
reaſon, he prayed him at his requeſt that they would pardon him. But Cato would in no wiſe grant
it. But Catulus earneſtly entreating ſtill for him, then Cato plainly ſaid unto him : It is ſhame for
thee (Catulws) thou that art Cenſor , and ſhould reform all our lives, thus to forget the duty
of thine Office, to pleaſe our Miniſters. Catxlus looking at Cato when he had ſpoken, as though
he would anſwer him : whether it were for ſhame or anger, he went his way, and ſaid never a
word more. Yet was not the party condemned, though there was one voice more that did con-
demn then clear him, becauſe of the abſence of one of the Judges. For Marcxs Lollins , one of
C'ato's Colleagues in the Quzſtorſhip, being ſick ar that rime, and abſent, Carulus ſent unto him,
to pray him to come and help the poor man. Thereupon Lo{;z4s being brought thither in a Litter,
after judgement given, gave Ws laſt voice, which abſolutely cleared him. Caro, this notwithſtand-
ing, would never uſe him as a Cleark, nor pay him his Wages, nor would count of Lo{ixs voice a-
mong others. Thus having pulled down the pride and ſtomach of the Clearks, and broughc them
unto reaſon, in ſhort time he had all the Tables and Records at his commandment, and made the
Treaſure-Chamber as honourable as the Senate ir ſelf; ſo that every man thought, and ſaid, that
Cato made the Caro had added unto the Quzſtorſhip the dignity of the Conſulſhip. For finding divers men indebted
Queſtorſhip before unto the Commonwealth, and the Commonwealth alſo unto divers men, he ſet down ſuch
of greardignity order, that neither the Commonwealth ſhould be deceived by any man, nor that any man alſo
ſhould have wrong of it. For being rough with them that were indebted to the Chamber, he com-
pelled them to pay their debt, and willingly and quickly alſo paid them to whom the Chamber ought
any thing : ſo that the People were aſhamed to ſee ſome pay which never thought to have paid any
thing, and on the contrary part alſo others paid, which never looked to have had any part of their
debts paid them. Furthermore, divers men did before make falſe Bills of their debts, and brought
them ſo to be put into the Coffer of the Quzſtors : and many times alſo his Predeceffors were wont
of favour and friendſhip to receive falſe Meſſages. But whilſt he was Quzſtor, he never did paſs
any matter ſo lightly. For one day, he being doubrfull of a Meſſage that was ſent unto him, to
know whether it was true or no : albeit divers men did witneſs it was true, yet would he not be-
lieve it, untill ſuch time as the Conſuls themſelves came in their own perſons to juſtifie it was true,
and to ſwear, that it was ſo ordained. Now there were many unto whom Lucius Syla (being Di-
ator) had appointed in his ſecond Proſcription twelve thouſand filver Drachma's for every Citizen
Cato was re- and Out-law which they had. ſlain with their own hands, Theſe men, though every man did hate
venged ot $yl- them, and knew them to be wicked People and cruell murderers, yet no man durſt offer to be re-
ta's - ung venged of them. Cato called theſe men in ſuit, as thoſe that did wrongfully detain the Money of
EAI the common Treaſure, and compelled them to repay it back again : ſharply: reproving ( and juſtly )
the wicked devilliſh fa&t they had committed. So when they had repayed the Money, they were
ſtraight accuſed by others PM murder; and as if they had been morgan condemned by one
judgement, they were brought into another, to the great joy of all the Romans, who then
thought they ſaw all the Tyranny of that time rooted out, and Fy/{a. himſelf puniſhed, Beſides all
this, Cato's continual pains .and care of the Treaſure, was ſo well thought of and liked of the Peo-
ple as could be. For he was always the firſt that came to the Coffers of the Treaſurers, and alſo the
laſt that went from thence, and-was never weary of any pains. Furthermore, he never miſſed to
be at any Aſſembly of the People, or Senate, fearing and being always carefull , left lightly by fa-
vour, any Money due to the Commonwealth ſhould be forgiven, or elſe that they ſhould abate the
Rent of the Farmers, or that they ſhould give no Money but to them that had juſtly deſerved it.
Thus having rid all Accuſers, and alſo filled the Coffers with Treaſure, he made men ſee that the
Commonwealth might be rich without oppreſſing of any man. Indeed at his firſt coming into the
Office, his Colleagues and Companions found him marvellous troubleſome and tedious, for that
they thought him too rough and ſevere : howbeit they all loved him in the end , becauſe he onely
withſtood the complaints and cryes of all men againſt them ( which complained that they would
not for any mans reſpe& or. favour let go the Money of the common Treaſure) and was conten-
ted his Companions ſhould excuſe themſelves ynto their friends that were importunate, and lay
the
[
/
-
a 0 4 Pt A
ne he
NN — —
the fault upon him, ſaying,
that 'be went out of his Office, being very honourably brought home to his
was' told him that Marcell being ii the Treaſure-chamber, was attempted and environed with
many of his frien
certam
had been Cato's friend even fromrtheir C
-fum of Money, as a thing
CaT 0 UTICAN,
that. it was impoflible:for ther to bring Cato unto it. The laſt day
houſe by the People, it
ds, and men of great authority, that were eatneſtly in band with him to record a
that had been due by the Common-wealth. This Marcellus
hild-hood, and whileft Cato was in Office, he did orderly
execute his Office with him : but when he was left alone, .he was of ſogentlea nature, that he would
eaſily be entreared,' and was as mu
every- man that be required. C40
yielded unto their importunacy, and
ch aſhamed to deny any man, as he was alfo over-ready to grant
ſtraight returned back upon it, and finding that Marcellus had
recorded the Gift, he cauſed the Books to be brought unto
bum, and- did raze it- out before his face, 2darcellxs ſpeaking never a word to the contrary, After
that, Marcellus brought Caro home, and never once repined againſt that he had done, neither then,
nor art
any time” after, but continued ſtill in friendſhip with him, as he had
done before. But now
though Cato was out of his Office of Quzſtor, he was not without Spials of his men inthe Treaſure-
chamber, who marked alwaies,
himſelf,” having bought
venew of the whole State 0
ant wrote what was done and paſſed in the Treaſury. And Cato
the Books of Accompt for the ſum of five Talents, containing the ze--
f the Common-wealth, from Sy{la's rime uncill the very year of his Quz- we#lch.
ſtorſhip : he ever had them about him, -and was the firſt man that came to the Senate, andthe laſt
that [went out of it. There many times the Senators tarrying long betore they came, he went and
fate down in a corner by himſelf, and read cloſely the Book be had under his Gown, clapping his
Gown before it, and would never be out of the Ciry on that day when he knew the Senate ſhould
aſſemble. After that, Pompey and- his Conſorts perceiving that it was unpoſtible to compell Cato,
and-muth leſs ro/win or -corrupt him, to favour their' unjult doings, they ſoughr what means they
coutd/to keep him 'from coming to- the” Senate, and: detending certain of his friends Cauſes, and to
occupithim ſome other ways about matters of Arbitrement, Bur Cato finding their wiles and craft,
to encounter them, he told his friends once for all, whom he would pleaſure, that when the Senate
did fit 110 mans Cauſe could make him be abſent from chence. For he came not to ſerve the Com- cat's mind
' mon=weal
.
venture 4 |
and thegefore thoughthimſelf 'bound to be as care
Honey-comb.; For” this reſpe& therefore, 'to perform his duty the better, by the' means of his
friends-which. hechad in every Province! belonging to. the Empire of Row, he got into his hands
the Copies of all the chiiefeft Acts, Edicts,, Decrecs, Sentences, and the notableſt Judgements of the
Governours that remained in record, Once {to perceiving that Publues :Clodins 2 (editious Ora-
tour amongft the People, did make greartir., and accuſed divers unto the Aſſembly, as the Priefts
and 'Veſtall Nuns, -among the which Fabia Terentia, Cicero's Wives Sifter was accuſed ; he ta- Rome.
king their. Cauſe in-hand; did ſo diſgrace .Clodins their - Acculer, that he was driven to flie the City,
Cicero therefore giving' Cato thanks, Caro, told him, that be muſt thank-the Common-wealth, not
bim,-for whoſe: ſake: onely he both {aid and-did that he had done. -Hereby Cato wan him great The Authori-
fare. For when 4 certain Oratour or Common-Counellour preferred -one Witnels - unto the ty and credic of
Cato's care and
integrity to
the Common»
thro enrich himſelf as many did, neither for any glory or-repuration, nor yet ar all ad- and derermi-
bur. that he had adviſedly choſen to ſerve the Commqn-wealth;: like a juft a F
full of -his dury, asthe-Bee working her Wax'in the
honeſt man. nation ro take
charge in the
Common-
wealth,
Catodrave Clo
dias our of
Judges,” the | Counkgllour- on the ocher -fide: told them, that. one Witneſs was not to be credited, ©
lvit were Cato-/himfelf, Infomuch:as'the People took it. up for a Proverb among them, thar
whienany taan ſpake any
in,>yet
us like-Cato:7>S0 men-commonty
and-untikelymanter;' they; wanld fay ::Nay, though Caro himſelf ſaid
it' not-to be believed. When'owa time 2 certain \Ptodigal gian had made a long Oration in
the Senate, in praiſe and''commendation 'of :Sobriery, Temperance, and - Thriftineſs, one Amneus a
Senazour :rifing! upy"faid' unto--him':'/Alas:friend,” what cthinkeſt chou ?: who. can abide toheapthee a-
ny: lodger with patience; that fareſt at by Table like Craſſus, - buildeſtlike Lucroiles, and ſpeakeſt to
(-in ſport!) called thenr Cazg's, whichrweregraveand ſevere in their
words; (xird dilſolute in [their- deeds. ::: Whey divers ob his: friends were'in hand with hinro ſue co be
Tiibund of che
he )of fo'great a
So, the!Ferm and*mattets- of Law:
rake his pleaſure* here; where: he-had
loſophers10 keep- him '£ompany - Bur mecting as bEwent,:with divers Sumprers and:great Carriage, loſophers with
and great train of menbeſi
|. he asked'them whoſe Carriage itivias's.”
-1xs Neyorthat returnell 'to'R6Ms, 6 make fuit to be Eoibune, |Thereupon |
-berhinking! himſelf, -corhmanded Bis-menz20'yemarn' back! again: : His: friends marvelliag a. it, he
anſwered them,
herold chem: be. chought ic notmets ar:that time :+-fox ſuch'an Office f quorh
uchorny as that,” 4 not 40) be iinployeg;;bur like ſtrong; Medicine in time-of need,
| for that eame;- Caro went into the Countrey. of Luca to
:pteafanr Houſes; dnd/rook' with hinp both bis Books and Phi © at0 crook Phi- _
rold him, awas Aerel-
ſtayed ſuddenly, and
Do net you! know-thari 3{trt#{wr is (to:befeared'of. hinaſelb, for his raſhneſs and fol-
1y?-andonow'!tharihe-corgerh inftruRted'by; Pompey ;! likeia lightning hewonld fer all the Common-
6d Rraigh agaity'eos:
th kdefrrice: of our Libt
ke went firtrunto his! Houſe! is the Counrey,pand tarriednor
Rows, Whet ht-ume* rhicher oves night} 'thie ni
welrwon fire? for this! cauſe- thereforviweomoſt \notnow:go take our pleaſure inthe Countrey, but
overconde his folly;/ op '6rHerwiſe dis
Yet at his Friends
ong there, but return-
ins berimes he went
nextInorning
eMarket-plack;' nd faed20..be:Thibune of che Reople;/ purpoſetyitacrofs Merellus Emerprile,
becauſe: the power'ard/-atnboriry'ofvche Tribanes confiſfeth- more:in! hindring then doing any
[tori 'all merielſe-werg agrebd
of 2" riartery.and!rhar he onely: were againſt it, the Tribune
carry 'it froin them all; , Cpo/atixbe; firſt had novmiany. of his! friends:abour hum, but when
Tii
they
him when he
went into the
Cauntrey.
The Office
and authoricy
of the Tri---
bune, whar it
Was.
-
— __—_—_—_— -
i "1
9.
4 «7 Bs Ja
644
-
they heard of his intent, why. he made ſuir for, the Tribuneſhip, all his friends and Noble-men
ſtraight rook part with him, confirmed his determination, and encouraged Kim to go on withall,
for that he did it rather to ſerve. the Common-wealth then his own turn , conſidering that where
many times before he might ( without refiftance: or denial{ ) have obtained the ſame, the State being
toward no trouble, he then- would never ſve for it, but now that he ſaw it in danger, where he was
to fight for the Common-wealth, and the-ProteCtion of her: liberty. Ir is reported that there were
* ſuch a number of People about him to fayonr his ſuit , that. he was like to have been ſtifled amon
Cato's Tris
buneſhip.
them, and thought he ſhould 'never have come: to the Market-place, for the preſs of People thax
ſwarmed about him. Thus when he was choſen Tribune with Aderellxs and others, he perceived how
they bought and ſold the voices of the People when the Conſuls were choſen : whereupon he made
an Oration, and ſharply took them up tor this deteftable Merchandize ,. and after bis Oration endeg,
ſolemnly proteſted by Oath, that he would accuſe him, and bewray his Name which had given money
to be choſen Conſull, Howbeit he ſpake nothing of Syilanws, whoſe Siſter Servsl5a he had married ;
but he flatly accuſed Lucixs Murena, that had obtained to be Confull with Sy/lanxs, by means of his
Money. Now a Law being provided, that the party accuied, might have a-Keeper or Spiall co follow
the Accuſer, to ſee what he would accuſe the party with, that: he might the better be able ro defend
- - himſelf, knowing what ſhould be objected againſt him : Aſarene baving one for him to wait upon
Cicero defend.
ed Murend 2-
gainſt his Ac-
cuſex Cato.
The conſpira-
againſt Romc.
Cato's Oration
againſt Caſar,
touching C4it-
lines conſpira-
CY.
Cicero taughe
write ;
by: Nores and
Figures.
Cato, to conſider throughly what courſe he rook, when he ſaw that he went not malicioully to-work,
bur rook a. plain common way of a juſt Accuſer, he had ſo; great confidence in Cato's upright
mind and integrity, that not regarding the narrow ſifting of him otherwiſe, he did one day ask
him himfelf in the Market-place ( or at home in his own houſe.) if that day he were determined to
proſecute any matter againſt him touching his-Accuſation. . If (to anſwered that hedid not, then he
went his way, and ſimply beleeved him, When the day came indeed that his Cauſe was to be heard
and pleaded unto, Cicero being Conſull that year, defending Aſurena, played fo. pleaſantly with
the Stoick Philoſophers, and their ftrange Opinions, that he-made all the Judges laugh : -inſfomuch
as Cato himſelf ſmiling at him, rold them that were by him : See, we have a pleaſant Condull that
makes men laugh thus. So A4urena being diſcharged by this judgement, did never after malice Cato
for that, but ſo long as he remained Confſull, he was alwaies ruled by his Counſell in all his Affairs,
and continued, ever to honour: him, following his Counſell in all things touching his Office. - Here-
of {ato himſelf was caute;'who was never rough nor terrible, but in marters of Counſell, and in
his Orations before the People, for the maintenance onely of equiry and juſtice : for otherwife he
was very. civill-and courteous to all men. 'Bur\before he entred into'his Tribuneſhip, Cicero being yet
Conſull, be did help him in many things touching his Office, but ſpecially in bringing Carilines cone
ſpiracy: to. good end which was a noble'A& done of him. ' For Carsb5xe did practiſe a generall com-
motion .and ftirr in the Common-wealth, to overthrow the whole State of Rome, by civilldiſcord
within Roms, and open' Wars abroad. : who being difcovered and overcome by Cicero; be was
driven-in the end to lie Rowe. Burt Lentulus, Cethegia, and: many other of the -accomplicesof this
conſpiracy;-blamed Carilixe for his faint and cowardly proceeding an.it, For their parts,they bad de-
termined. to burn .the whole. Ciry of Row, and to put all the Empire chereok inuproar, by ſtrange
Wars, and rebellious fortein Nations and Provinces. Howbeit this Treaſon, being diſcovered, as
appeareth more largely in the life of Cicero, the matter was referred unto the; judgement oof the Sertate,
to determine what was.to be done therein,” Sy/{anis being:the:furft who, was-asked his Qpiviey there-
in ſaid; that he thought it. good they ſhould ſuffer cruel} ipaits.;:1and-afteribim.alſo, xeſt ſaid
the like untill, it came-to Ceſar. Ceſar: being an:cxcellent; ſpaken man, and that to
nouriſh then to quench any: fuch ftirrs qr Teditions in the Comnton-wealbz being;ft for bis-purpoſe
long detertnined. of, made-an Oration full of; ſweet pleaſant wordsideclaring uno chem, :thar go; pur
ſuch men as they to death-without lawfull) conderanation, 'ht thought it alogether unreaſonable,] and
rather that they ſhould do berter to keep. chemin'Priſon. This Oration.of Cefar loakered:all.chexeſt of
the Senators minds, forithat they were aftaid'of the People, that Sy//dy ms 1elf mended his: Qpinion a+
gain; and.Faid, thar. he-meant, nor they thould put them-to death, bur. keep them faſt.ih Prion; be-
cauſe that eo be a Priſoner, was the greatefiipain'a Rowan Catizen dould-abide.:r Thus the Sonators
minds: being /ſo ſuddenly changed; and bent:to a. mare favourable ſentences Gatoriling upitoſay bis
Opinion, began very acgetly:with:marvelto i&ablly, io: reprove-yllencs for
hismind; and_ſharply'10:1ake -up Ce/#;,;tharwnder a popular ſemblance,.gngd:wiazk of {wees ſug
wards, be fought under-hahdto deftroys Avcalth,'apd alſo to tgrxifie 20d make:the Schate
afrajd': where be himfelfſhould have been afraid; / and ahink hinafelt happypitthereould be-
ing ſuſpected, giving/fuch! apparent cauſe' af} ſuſpujenoss rhe: did; yoingraheur ſd-openlyrotake the
-Enemics/ and T raitors .of-the Commonwealth our. of: rhe hands of juſtice, Gaming ro have nopitty
.nor: compaſſion of his natural}: Gity, of-ſuth va ns cs > yy) Wy rs to
utter deftruRtion;; butiexthenaolamentche <0 a#heſo:9x3cked mengy thas}/it : was plndicbey
- were ever! born, and/whdſt deachoprofervdd R 046s::fro08 4: thouſand: Munhees, ' and Miſchi
Of. all the Qrations that euex-Caro tnade,/thar; ofely- was kapels for Cioordttic Conſul, thattlay: had
diſperſed divers .Pen-men- in fundry2 places) of the: Seuare-hduſe,; which: badjnarvellous (wiftbands,
and had further taught thomhodw to mako bpicf! Notes and/iAbridgemenca, 'wbich in few Lineethowed -
many words. For .untdlthattime;! Wriners waore/ndt kriowiother could and Giphersex-
preſs a whole ſentence-andr!word,' as:afterwvards they volld;1þeing then (haart; tinetbat2ever
chey -were found out,” So: Cato: that.cimeoprevallet , atid made —
44S
Re 4
+ gw 9— es n
————_ 1 TO UTI C A N, 645
minds again, that theſe men were put tO death. But that we may not leave out a jor of man-
ners, as the very pattern and impreition of his mind : it is reported, that when Cato that day was
ſo hot and vehement againſt Ceſar, that all the Senate could but look at them, to hear ther
both, a Letter was delivered Ceſar, ſent him into the Houſe, {aro began preſently to ſuſpe&it,
and ſo earneſtly miſliked of it, that many of the Senators being offended, commanded his Letter
ſhould be ſeen and read openly. Ceſar thereupon reached his Letter unto Caro, that ſate not
far from him. When (ato had read i,and found that it was a Love-letter, which his Siſter Serwilia,
had written unto {sſar, whom ſhe loved, and had known, he caſt it again to Ceſar, and (aid,
There drunkard. Atter that be went on again with his matter, which he had begun before. In Cato unfortu-
fine, it ſeemeth that Cato was very unfortunate in his Wives : for this Servzlia, as we have ſaid, Nate in his
had an ill Name by Ceſar. And the other Servilia alſo, which was his Siſter, was worſe defamed : ive.
for ſhe being married unto Lucullus, one of the greateſt menof ROME, by whom ſhe had a Son,
was in the end put away from him, for her naughty lite. But worſt of all, his own Wite Ar:ilia alſo
was not altogether clear without ſuſpition : for though he had two Sons by her, yet he was driven
to be divorced from her, ſhe was ſo naught and common, After that, he married aria, the
Daughter of Philip, which by report ſeemed to bea very honeſt Gentlewoman, Ir is ſhe that is ſo Martiz Cato's
famous among the RomaNnts, For in the life of (aro, this place ( asa Fable or Comedy ) is diſ- Wite.
putable, and hard to be judged. For thus it was, as Thraſeas writeth, who reterreth all to the report
and credit of one Munatins, Cato's very familiar friend. Among many that loved {ato's Vertues
and had them in admiration, ſome of them did ſhew more what he was, then other ſome did ; amongſt
the which was ,2. Hortenſius a man of great honeſty and authority, He deſiring not onely to be
Cato's friend and familiar, but alſo joyn with him in alliance, and by affinity ro make both theit
Houſes one, was not abaſhed to move him to ler him have his Daughter Porc:a in marriage ( which
was Bibulus Wife, and had brought him two Children ) that he might alſo caſt abroad the Seed of
goodly Children, in that pleaſant tertile ground, And though to men this might ſeern a ſtrange
mind and defire, yer that in reſpe& of nature, it was both honeſt ahd proficable to the Common-
wealth, not to ſuffer a young Woman in the pritne of her youth to loſe the fruit of her Womb,
ing apt to bear Children : nor alſo that he ſhould impoveriſh the: Son-in-law with more Chil-
dren then one houſe needed. And further, that communicating Women in this fort from one to a-
nother, ſpecially being beſtowed upon worthy and vertuous men, that Vertue thereby ſhould be in- P14tves fellow!
creaſed the more, being ſo diſperſed in divers Families , and the City likewiſe ſhould be the ſtronger, ſhip and com«
by making alliances in his {ort togerher, And it it be ſo, quoth he, that Bibxlusdo love his Wife Punity of Wo-
ſo dearly, that he will not depart from ber altogether, then that he would reſtore herto him again "2:
when he had a Child by her, that thereby he might be the more bound in friendſhip to him, by
means of this communication of Children with B:b#/xs ſelf, and with him, Cato anſwered him,
that he loved Hortenſius well, and liked of his alliance, howbeit that he marvelled he would ſpeak
to him to let him have his Daughter to get Children of, {ith he knew that ſhe was married to another.
"Then Hortenſius altering his tale, tuck not to tell him his mind plainly, and to defire his Wife of
him, the which was yet a young Woman, and Caro had Children enough. Bur a man cannot tell
whether Hortenſis made his ſuite, becaule he ſaw C ato made no reckoning of Martia, for that ſhe
was then with Child by him. In fine, Caro ſceing the earneſt deſire of - Hortenſins he did not de-
ny him her, bur told him, that he muſt alſo ger Phzl:ps good will, the Father of Adartia. He knowing
that Cato had granted his good will, would nor therefore ler him have his Daughter before that
Cato himſelf by his preſence did confirm the contract and marriage with him, Though theſe things
were done long aiter, yet having occaſion to talk of Caro's Wives, I thought it not amiſs to an+
ricipare the time, Now Lentmins and his Conſorts of Carilines conſpiracy being put to death, Ceſar
to cloak the Accuſations wherewith Cato charged him in open Senate, ta put himſelf into the Peo-
ples hands ; and gathering the rake-hels and ſeditious perſons together, which ſought to ſer all at fix c,4 perfwaded
and ſeven, be did turther encourage them in their miſchievous intent and praiſes. Whereupon, Corn to be
"Cato fearing leaſt ſuch a rabble of People ſhould put all the Common-wealth in uproar and danger, diſtributed une
he 'perſwaded the! Senate to win the poor needy People that had nothing, by diſtributing Corn *2 the People,
amongſt chem, -the which was done : and the charge thereof amounted yearly unto twelve hun-
<dred and fifty Talents, This liberality did manifeſtly drink up and quench all thoſe troubles which
ſtood in fear of. But on the other ſide, e Merells entring into his Tribuneſhip, made cer-
'tain ſeditious Orations and Aſſemblies, and preferred a Law to the People, that Pompey the Great
ſhould preſently be called into ITALY with his Army, that he ſhould keep the City by his coming
from the danger of Catilines conſpiracy. Theſe were but words ſpoken for faſhions ſake,
'but indeed the Law had a ſecret meaning, to put the whole Common-wealth and Empire of Rowe
into Powpeys hands. Hereupon the Senate aſſembled, wherein Cato at his firſt corhing ſpake ſome-
what gently, and not too vehemently againſt eerellus, as his manner was to be ſharp unto them
that were againft him : but modeſtly perſwaded him, and fell to intreat him m the end, and highly
20 extoll his: houſe, for that they bad alwaies taken part with the Senate and Nobility. But Ae-
zellus therewith took ſuch pride and conceit of himſelf, that he began to deſpiſe Caro, thinking
he had uſed 'that mildneſs, as though he had been afraid of him : inſomuch as he gave out Cato _—
proud ſpeeches againft him, and cruell threats, that in deſpite of the Senare he would do that _ ms
which he had undertaken. Then C aro changing his countenance, his voyce and ſpeech, after he p,ogle.
had ſpoken 'very ſharply againſt him, in the end he roughly' proteſted, chat while he lived, he
oy I1i2z would
WV
Fulius Caſar
Prztor.
Cato's noble
courage and
conitancy.
| Provided, and therefore were the bolder, they fled; and. all of them |
—_—»
would never ſuffer Pompey to come into ROME with his Army. . The Senate hearing them both,
thought neither of both well in their wits, but that Adere/lus doings was a fury, which proceeding of
a cancred ſtomach and extreme malice, would put all in hazard : and that which Caro did, wasa
rayiſhment and extaſie of his Vertue , that made him beſide himſelf , contending for juſtice and
equity. When the day came that this Law ſhould paſs by voyces of the People, A/crelliy failed
not to be in the Market-place with a world of Strangers, Slaves, and Fencers, armed, and ſet in
Battell-ray, beſides a number of the common People that were deſirous to ſee Pompey: return, hope-
ing after change. Beſides all thoſe, {ſar then being Pretor, gave aid likewiſe with bis men, in
the behalf of Aerelluz. On the contrary part alſo, the Noble-men and Senators of the City were
as angry as (ato, and ſaid, it was a horrible ſhame : howbeit they were his friends, rather in miſlike.
ing the matter, then in defending the Common-wealth. Whereupon, all his friends at home, and
his whole Family, were marvellouſly perplexed and ſorrowfull, that they both retuſed their Meat,
and alſo could take no reſt in the nigh for fear of {ato. But he, as one without fear, having a
ood heart with him, did comfort his People, and bade them not ſorrow for him : and after he had
; ( as he commonly uſed to do ) he went to bed, and ſlept ſoundly all night, till the morning
that Minutizs: Thermas, his Colleague and fellow Tribune, came and called him, So they both
went together into the Market-place, accompanied with a very few after them, Whereupon divers
of their friends came and met them by the way, and bade them take heed unto themſelves,
When they were come into the Market-place, and.that Caro ſaw the Temple of Caſtor and Pollux
full of armed men, and the degrees or ſteps kept by Sword-players.and Fencers, and erellys on
the top of them ſet by {ſar : turning to his friends, be ſaid, See I pray you the Coward there,
what- a number of armed men he hath gotten together, againſt one man naked and unarmed, Theres,
withall he ſtraight went forward with his Companion Therm unto that place, and they that ke
the degrees, opened of themſelves to let him paſs, but they would let no other go up but himſelt ;
but {aro with much ado, taking, 45»utins by the hand, got him up with him , and when he was
come up, he ſet him down betwixt Merellus and Ceſar, to keep them aſunder, that they ſhould
not whiſper one in anothers ear. Neither of them both could tell what to ſay to him : where.
upon the Noble-men that conſidered Caro's countenance and boldneſs, wondering to ſee it,
drew near, and. by their cries willed him not to be afraid, but encouraged one another to ſtick
by him that ſtood for defence of their liberty. So, there was a Servant that took the written
Law in his hand , and would have read it to the People, but Cato would not let him. Theg
Metellus took it himſelf in his hands to read it, but Cato alſo ſnatched it out of his hands.
Metellus notwithſtanding, having it perfe&t without book, would needs declare the effect of it by
heart. But Thermus clapped his hand before bis mouth to keep him that be ſhould not ſpeak,
Metellus ſeeing theſe two men bent by all means to keep this Law from paſling, and that the
People did lean to their fide, he -beckned ro. his men to go for the armed men which were at
home in his- houſe, that they ſhould come with terrour and cries to make them afraid, and {9
they did. 'The People thereupon were diſperſed here and there for fear, that Cato was left alone
in the Market-place, and they threw Stones at 'him from beneath, But then Jxrena, who had
before accuſed Cato for buying of the Conſulſhip, forſook. him not in that danger, but holding
his long Gown' before him, cried out unto' them beneath that threw at, Cato, toyleaye, So ſhew-
ing him the danger he had brought himſelf into, . holding him ſtill by the Armes, he brought
him into the le of Caſtor and Pollux. Then Merellus ſeeing the Pulpis, for Orations voided,
and his Enemies; fiying out of the. Market-place, be thought he had won the Goal : whereupon
commanding his Souldiers to depart, then proceeding gently, he attempted to paſs this Law. E
his Enemies that fled for fear, being gathered: again. sogerber. in the Market-place, began. afreſh
ro cry out againſt erellus, with greater boldneſs and courage then before, Theo Merellus and
bis Adherents being afraid and amazed, doubting that their Enemies had;gorten, Weapons, and were
* the Pulpir for Orations.
So when Metellys and his Company were gone, Cato came again to the Pulpit; tor Orations,
and greatly commended the People. for the good will they had ſhewed, and perſwaded them to
colitinue in their well-doing. Whereupon the common people were then againſt Merellus ;' and
the Senate alſo being aſſembled gave order, that Caro ſhould have better aid then, he had before,
and that by all means poſſible they ſhould refiſt Aderellxs Law, which onely tended to move Se-
dition and civill War in Rome. For Mecellus ſelf, he -was yet vehemently .bent to follow
his attempt and Enterprize,; but: perceiving that his friends were marvelloyſly afraid of Cato, as
a man whom they thought invinſible, be Cddaioly,came into the Market-place., and aſſembling
the People, told them many reaſons in his Oration, ſuppoſing to- bring Carvin dil ace with.che
People : and amongſt other things be ſaid, that he: would withdraw hunſelf ous; of. this tyrangi-
cal power of Cato's, and his conſpiracy againſt Pompey, the which peradventure:the City before it
were long ſhould repent, for that they had. ſhamed and defaced ſp. Noble. a man, After that he |
preſently departed Rows, and went into As14to.inform Pampey of all this matter. Cato on the
other fide, was greatly eſteemed. for his doings, for that he had freed the Common-wealth from
. the trouble of ſuch a fooliſh Tribune, and;.by overthrowing. Mete//ns , be bad alſo FYin
preſſed the power of Pompey. But yer he was much more. commended, when be was.
Senate, who would have noted Metellus .of \Infamy, and deprived him of his. Office, the which
' be would not ſuffer them to do... The common - People thought - him of, a cpuptegus and gente
nature,
CATO VTICAN.
645
nature, becauſe he would not tread his Enemy: under his foor- when he had'the upper hand of him,
nor be revenged of him when he had overcome him': but wiſe -men judged ir. otherwiſe, that ir was
wiſely done of him not to provoke Pompey. | Abour this rime *returned Licutus from the War,
ofthe which ir ſeemed that Pompeyhad taken. rhe» honour and-glory from him far the ending of it, and
was likely alſo to have been put from his honour of Triumph, for that Caizs Memmins was his Ad-
verſary, who laid many Accuſations againſt him before the People, rather to pleaſe Pompey, then for
any malice he bad -rowards- him.” Bur Cato, both for that- Zucwllus was his Brother-in-law, and C's doings
had married his own Siſter Servli4, as alſo for that he ſaw they did him wrong, reſiſted this Memms. 9 Luculus.
us, and defended many Accuſarions againſt him. So that in the end, though Afemmizs had laboured
that Cato. ſhould be deprived of his Office, as from a tyrannical-power, yet Caro compelled Memm:-
x5 at the laſt ro leave off his Accuſarions, and to profecute Law no more againſt him. Thus Lucutus
having obtained honour of. Triumph, did embrace Cato's friendſhip more then before, raking him for
2 ſure Bulwark and defence againſt the power of Pompey the Great. But —_ ſhortly after return-
ing home again, - with great honour from bis Conquetts, truſting that for .reſpe& of his welcom he
ſhould be denied norhi : at the Peoples: hands when he came home, ſent betore unto the Senate; to
pray them tor his ſake to defer the Election of the Conſuls, until he came to Rows, thir being pre-
ſent he might favour P3/oes ſuit, ſuing ro be Conſul.: Thereunto the moſt part of the Senate gave
their conſent, - bur Cato on the other ſide was againft ir, notthat the deferring of time was a matter of Caro reffterti-
ſuch Importance, but to cut all hope from Pompeyto go about to atrempt any new devices : infomuch Pompey.
that he made the Senate change opinion again, and Pompey's Requeſt was denied. Pompey being mar-
velloully troubled withall, and perceiving that Caro would be againſt him in all things, it he found not
fome device to win him, he ſent for his friend Munatins, by bis means to demand Cato's two Neeces
of him which were marriagable ; the eldeſt for himſelf, and che youngeſt for his Son. Others ſay alſo,
that they were not his Neeces, but his own Daughters, Munatins did Pompey's Meſſage, and brake the
matter unto him, his Wife, and his Siſters, who marvelloully deſixed Pompey's alliance, for the gredt-:
neſs and dignity of his Perſon. Bur Cato making no further delay, withour other deliberation, as nor/ C:torefuſerh
greatly pleaſed with the motion, anſwered him preſently : Munatins, go = way unto Pompey again, alliance with
and tel him chat Caro is not to be won by Women, though otherwiſe I millike not of his friendihip p "Rp
and withall, that ſo long as he ſhall deal uprightly in all Cauſes, and none otherwiſe, he ſhall find him'
more aſſuredly his friend, then by any alliance: of niarriage : and yer, that to ſatisfie Pompey's plea-
ſure and will againſt his Countrey, he will never give him ſuch Pledges. The Women and his friends
at that time were angry with his' anſwer and refylal, —_—_— roo ſtately and uncourteous. Bur
aſterwards it chanced, that Pompey ſuing to have one of his friends made Conſul; he ſent a great
. Sum of Moriey to bribe the Voyces of the-people, which liberaliry was noted, and ſpoken of; becanſe - ** . i
the Money was told in Pompey's Garden. Then did Cato tell the Women of his houſe, Thar if he
had now been bound: by alliance of Marriage unto Powpey, he ſhould then have been driven to have-
been partaker of Pompey's ſhamefull Ats. When they heard whar he had told them, they all con-'
feſſed then that he was wiſer to refuſe ſuch Alliance, then they were that wiſhed and defired it. And
yer, if men ſhould judge of Wiſdom, by the ſucceſs and event ofthings : I muſt needs ſay, that Cats
was in great faulr for refuſing of this Alliance. For thereby he wasthe cauſe of Pompey's matching with
Ceſar, who joyning both their powers to ,. was the whole deſtrution of the Empite bf Rout 7
whereas peradventure it had not fallen out fo, if-Cazo fearing Pompey's light faulrs; had riot cauſed him
by increaſing bis power with anorher, ro commit far greater faults. Howbeit choſe things were yet ro
come. Furthermore, Pompey being at jar with! Zxci#xs, touching certain Ordinances which he had
made. in the Realm of PoxTus, both the one-and the otherwould have theit Ordinances to
take place': Caro favoured Lucullys, who hadoptrrwtong, Pompey therefore ſeeing that he wisthie
4
weaker in the Senare,: rook partwith the people; and'pur forth the Law for dividing of the Lands. a- Lex Agraria;
mengſ the Souldiers. But Caro ſtoutly reſifting that Law again, tie put i/by, and. made Pompey there-
2 in2 rage toacquaint himſelf with Publixs Clodins, the moſt ſediriods and boldeſt perſon of all the
Tribunes, arid - beſides that, made alliance even-at that time witty {far, whereof {to himſelf was
the onely, Authour. Ceſar returning our of Sy 4 1N- from his Pretorthip, required the' honour of
Trizmph, and:withall made ſuit to be Conſul, Bur being a/Law'to the contrary; that they that ſued
to; be Conſuls ſhould be preſent themſelves in the Ciry, /and ſuch alſo as defired honour' of Triumph,
ſhould be withour the City : hecarneſtly required the Senate, that be might ſue. for che Conſulſhip
by his friends, : The moſt part of the Senate were willing unto ir, bur Cars: was flatly againſt ir. He per-
mtr Senatours were willing to gratifie Ceſar, when ir came to-him tg deliver his opi-
Riddy be ſpent all the whole day in bis Oration, and by bis policy prevented the Senarey'thar'they could
not |'rontlude aby; thing.. Then Ceſar letting fall bis Triumph, made! ſuic ro be Conſal; and entting
the City, joyned fiendſhip with Pompey. Hereupon he was choſen-Conul,;and arely after mar-
ried his Jubia'unto Pompey : and ſo having made in manner a conſpiracy: againft the Com- The alliance
mon-wealth between themſelves, 'C eſar preferred the Law Agraria, for diftributing' the Lands unto 2nd friendſhip
bo REED preſent to maintainthe'publicationthereof./ - Lancs and {icero ofthe Pvixe Ceſar
@ |
ipkuit wath Bobalus the other Conſul, did ,what they could againſt ir, bur ſpecially hd
Cato: whofjeari this alliance of Ceſar and Pompey; that'ir was dpaRt and confpitacy to over-
throw the Common; wealth, fait; Thar he cared not ſo much fot! this: Law . Agraria, a3 he feated the
texard they..looked, for; who! by. ſuch means did entice and pleaſe the common people. \ Thefe-
withal, tha Senate.were wholly of bis opiniow, -and fo. were: many. other Honeſt _—
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the Pegple belides, that were nove of:the Senate,. angtook his part: maryelling much, and alſo be-
ing offended with Ceſars, gtex unreaſonablenels,;andy imporumity,, whi, by the: Authority of bis
Confulſhip did prefer ſuch. things,; 9 :the' moſt ſeditious Tribunes of the People were wont com-
monly ro do, to curry. fayour with- the People,.,and-by Juch vile- means ſought ro make them at his
commandment. .. Wherefore, Ceſar and his friends fearing ſo-great Enemies, fell to open. force.
For to begin withall, as the Conful. Bibalms was, goingto, the Market-place, there was a Basker 'ot
Dung poured upon his head : and furthermore. ,i the Qtficers Rods were broken in their hands, which
they carried before him. - In fine; [Parts were thrown -at them out of every corner, and many of them
ing hurt, they all.at length were driven to fly, and leave the Market-place, Bur Caro he cane laſt
of all, keeping his wonted--place, - and. often caſt, .back ;his head,. and curſed ſuch C itizens.. So, they
did not onely paſs this Law Agraxia by voyces of ahe People, but furthermore they added 10 it ; that
the Senate ſhould be ſworn to ſtabliſh, that Law, andbe bound to defend the ſame ( if any attempted the
alteration thereof )upon great Penalties and Fines to. be ſer on his head, thar ſhould refuſe the Oath,
All the other Senators ſwore againſt their wills, remembring the example of the miſchief that chan-
ced unto the old eHMetellus, who was baniſhed out of ITALY, becauſe he would not ſwear 'to ſuch a
like Law. Whereupon, the Women that were in Cato's houſe, beſought him with thetearsin their
eyes, that he would yeeld and take the Oath : and ſo did alſo divers of his friends beſides,” Howbeir,
Cicero by his he that moſt inforced and brought Caro to ſwear, was (Gicero the Qratour : who perſwaded him, thar
Otarion brake peradventure he would be thought unreaſonable, that - being but, one, man, he ſhould ſeem to miſlike
Cato's ſiifneſs. that, which all other had thought meet and reaſonable : and that it -were afond part of him wiltully
to. put himſelf in ſo great a danger, thinking to hinder a matter already; paft remedy. Bur yet char be-
ſides all this, a great inconvenience would happen, it he forſook his Countrey ( for whoſe ſake he did
all theſe things ) and left it a Prey unto them, which. ſoughe the utter ſubverſion of the ſame, as if he
were glad to be rid from the trouble of detending che \Common-wealth, For (ſaid be) though Cato
have no need of ROME, yet ROME hath need of Cato, and ſo have all his friends : of the- which, C-
cero ſaid he was the chief, and was moſt maliced of-Publizs Clodixs the Tribune, who _— to
drive him out of the Countrey.- It.is ſaid that Caro, heing won by theſe like words and perſwaſions ar
home, :and openly in the Market-place, they ſo loftened him, that he: cameto take his Oath laſt of all
men, but one Phaoriine, a very. friend of his. Ceſar;s heart being then. lifred up, for that he had brought
tys purpoſe to gals;; he began now to prefer another-Law, to divide all Cam rant, and the Coun-
trey called'TzRRa Dx Lavors (the Land of Lahour) unto the poor needy People of ROE, and
no man ſtood againſt him but Cato. Whereupon («ſar made his Officers to take him from the Pulpit
Cato commit= far Orations, -t9 carry him 'tg Priſon. All this mage rot {aro ſtoop, -nor leave his. frank ſpeech, 'but
red ro Priſon a5 he went he ſtill. ſpake againſt this Edict, and-perſwaded the People to beware of them that preterred
by Ceſar. fych Laws. All the Senate, andre beſt ſort of Citizens followed Cato with heavy hearts, ſhewing
by their ſilence that they were offended and angry for the Injury they did unto him, being ſs worthy a
man., ; Infomuch as Ceſar's ſelf perceived that the Pedple were 6ffended with it, and yer of ambition
and ſtomach, he;looked always when Cato. would have appealed unto the People. \Sowhen he. ſaw
that Cato'meant no ſuch matter, at length overcome with ſhame and diſhonour, he i.hirkſelf 'procu-
red. one of the Tribunesto take Caro from the. Sergeanits. In fine, .all.Cſar's practiſe tended toi this
end, that when, he had won the Peoples . favbux by ſuch Laws :- they ſhould: rhen/ grant-him the
Government..of,all the. Gauz.s (aswell on this de,as beyond the Mountains ). and all ILLyz14,
with an Army. of four Legions; for the ſpace. of five years, notwithftanding/chat Cato told the
P. Clodius Tri People before, that they themſelves with their own-yoy ces did fer up a Tyrant, that one day would cue
bune of the their throats. >They did alſo chooſe:Publixs Clodrop Tribune ofthe People, which was of a noble
houſe ; aching dixeQtly contrary;te.the Law. But:this Clodswhad promiſed them, ſo that they would
help himno baniſhCrcero out of: Roxte;; to do that-he could for them, Furthermore, they made
Colpharnius. Piſh. (.Ceſar's Wives Father ) and'Galbinius Paulus (a man wholly ar. Powpey's com-
and Pompey mandment, as they; write which knew':his Life'and Manners) Confuls the. next year:following. Now,
= P. Cle- gorwithftanding they had the. Rule of the Common-wealth in their own hands, and'that they. had won
as part of the City with Bribes, .and the! other part alſo with fear 2, yet they were both: afraid of Cato,
when they confidered what trouble they had to overcome. him , | which they did very hatdly.nowrich.
ſanding, and. to their great ſhame, being driven ro-uſe eas and-yer- thonghe they! ſhould. never have
doneit, Furthermore,Clodi wterly deſpaired tbatihe could poſfibly:baniſh Cicers;ſolog as Cato wits
there. : Sodeyifing ways how todo u, whenhe had taken poſſeiiion of his. Office, thefeht for Caro; and
began to tell. hin, Thar he chought birturhe boneſdeſt and: jufteſt manof Row x,ant chirhe'was ready'to
> A TW wu, a, 9E TY, = is m_ into/ rarer to make
'ax with Ki iNeatomy 31 he:/ t, nane o worthy 35 himtelf;. and uberefoxe:dor od will be
GN een + ag 4 pkature. Cato. ftraight cryed out withidpery movth;that
- x this wps ad&iceqo intrap him; naviapleaſure him: i Then Clodiy proudly and: fieetelydnfweted Him,
. | + 7 Well, ſhring thouwilt not go with good Wil,: thou ſbalcgo then againſt thy will: :and/ſo he did, For
eg aw unhe firſt wietaly afche Ciry;bo edi the People togrant his Cominitſion'for.this his Journey thi-
- - ** thier, but. he neitherappointed him Ships, ihr Winkery noo dlindieitelgs withtim;/ ſaviag/two
C:t0 ſent Am- Secretazies ondly;of the which;the one.of them was a'very: Villain:andran | This, -and che'orher
baſſadour into ong of Glodiive's fpllowers. Befides.altthis, as if they had appointed thim br liclevo doin Cr PRUS
Cyprus. againſt Prolemyy homade thein canimind higrafrer that, ro-goand reſtore the Ouiheivy land baniſhed
men ofche Cizy of Br zanm un unto their Countrey -and Goods! again, of purpoſe” 'onely'ts
e 4 : cep
of j
4 F ?
EI YCCATO UTICA N, 649
keep Cato- far enough from Row, whileſt he continued Fribune. Caro being drivth by rywrn 4
obey, he counſelled Cicero '( whonv' Clodins purſued }) to beware that he made no Riruginſt hit, Fur
fear of bringing ROME into CiviF War and Murther for his fake : but rather to abſene hiddel that
he might another rime preſerve'*his' Countrey, © After that, he fent his friend Candi; betbte-i
Cy PRus, unto Prolomy, ito perſwade him t6 be quiet without War: Gente unto Him, wet
ſhould neither'lack Honour nor: Riches, for the Roma ns would grant hit the Prieſthood of 7+-
x##s in the City of Pa Hos; Cato In the mean time remained iti the Iſle of Rrones, preparing
himſelf there, and abiding his Antwer. In 'the time 6f theſe ſtirs, Prolomy King 'of Ec y vt, for ©'0ony King
a certain Offence-and Diſcord wirh his SubjeRs, departed out of ArtxanDkRtA, failed towards 0! Meypego-
Roms hoping that Ceſar and Pompey with 2 great Army would reſtore him to his Crown and Kitg- 0
dom again, He being deſirous to fee C ato, ſent unto him, ſuppoſing he would coihe at his ſending
for. (ato by chance was occupied at that time about ſome buſineſs, and bade the Meffenger will Pro-
lomyto come to him, if he would ſee him. So when Prolomy came, he neither went co meet him, nor
role up unto him, but onely welcomed him, and bade him ft down. Tt amazed the King ar the firſt, to
ſee under ſo ſimple and mean a Train, ſuch a ftatelineſs and majeſty in {ato's Bebaviour. But he
heard him boldly talk with him of his Afffairs, and ſuch grave talk came from him, reproving his
folly he had commitred, to forſake ſuch Princely Pleaſure and Wealth, to go and ſubje himſelf unto
ſuch diſhonour, | ſuch extream pains, and ſuch paſling great Gifts and Preſents, as he ſhould throw
away, to ſatisfie the covetouſneſs of the Rulers at Rome, the which was ſo unſatiable, that ifall the
Realm of A6y pT were converted into Silver to give among them, it would ſcarce ſuffice them : in
reſpe&t whereof, he counſelled him to return back with his Navy, and to reconcile himſelf again
with his Subje&ts, offering himſelf alſo to go with him, to help to make this Peace. Then
Prolomy coming to himſelt, and repenting him of his folly, knowing that Cato told him truly, and
wiſely, he determined to follow his counſel, had not his friends turned his mind to the contrary.
So when Prolomy came to ROME, and was driven to wait at the Gates of the Magiſtrates that were
in Authority, he ſighed then, and repented his folly, for that he had not onely deſpiſed the counſel
of a wiſe mar), but rather the Oracle of a god. Furthermore, the other Proloty that was in Cy-
PRUsS, (a happy turn for {to ) poyſoned himſelf. (Caro being alſo informed that he left a wonder-
full ſum of Money behind him , he determined to go himſelf unto By zanT1um, and ſent his
Nephew Brutxs into Cy Þ Kus, becauſe he durſt not truſt Canidins fo far. Then having reſtored
the baniſhed men unto the Peoples favour again, ſerting agreement betwixt them, he returned into
Cy yRus. Therehe found a marvellous great Treaſure, and Plate both of Gold and Silver, Tables, M
precious Stones, Hangings, and Purple Silks, all the which he was to make ready Money of. There _
he took great care and pains to raiſeall things to the utmoſt and deareſt prices that could be, and he = G—
himſelf was 'preſent ar all, to keep the reckoning of the laſt Peny, ' Wherefore, to bring this to iu
paſs, he would not ſtand to the common uſe of the ſale of the Cryer, but ſuſpeRted them all, both
Criers, Praiſers; and his own Friends, and therefore talked himſelf with the Praiſers, and made
them ſer high Priſes upon every thing that was to be ſold. And thus were the moſt part of their Goods
ſold and carried away, at the deareſt Priſes, This did marvellouſly offend the moſt part of his
Friends, when they ſaw that he did miftruft them : but Munatin ſpecially, his deareſt Friend, cook
it ſo inwardly, that he thought never to be” friends with him again, Inſomvuch as in the Book
Ceſar wrote againſt Cato, in this place he forceth:moſt che accofation againſt him. Afunatins Th. envy be-
notwithſtanding writeth, Thar he was not angry ſo much with Caro; fot char he miſtruſted him, but ewixt Cato and
for- a certain diſdain he had himſelf of Caro, and for the endiiion betwixt him, and (anidins, Munarius,
s _
For Munati#s wtote a Book of Caro's Deeds and Sayings, whom 7 _—_ in is Hiſtory chiefly
followed. In this Book he ſheweth that he catrie late inro Cy yRUs, ard wisvery ill lodged. And
furthermorealſs,' that whenhe would have corne into Caro's Houfe, they kept him our of the Gates,
for that Catowas bufie, doing fomerhing with Canidins. He hpdeft | complaining of it unto Cato,
had this churliſh'anſwer : Over-much love ( ſaith Theophraft#;') ofteritinies cauſerh hate, So fareth Too much love
it- with thee, who ___——_ me, doeſt think that 1 eſteem thee not as thou deſerveſt; and there- oftentimes
fore art angry with me. ' for Canidixs, 1 muſt tell thee truly, 1 do rather imploy him for his ſeth hare
Skill arid -fairhfiilnieſs in things, then any man efſe; for that be Kath beeti with me from the beginning,
and-as far as'T learn; was never bribed, bur clean handed ftif, Theſe words Cato told Munatins
fecretly betwixr then two, but afterwards he knew that he had alſo reported them unto Canidins.
When he ſaw' that, he would no more go and Sup with Cato as he was wont ; and whien he was alfo
called to-Cormfel, he would'not come there neither. Whereupon Caro threatned him, that he would
ſeize upon” all-his Goods ant] Carriage, as they uſe to handle them that are diſobedient unto Juſtice.
Fhis noriwichflanding, 1ſuntixs cared nor for it, but took Sea, arid returned again to Rome,
parre7 Mood, ons, alohg rime,' Then Martia, bing at that time Cato's Wife, ſpake with him, and
were both biddetvro Supper together unto a' friend of theirs calked Barca. Thereupon Cato alſo
arrived'; andeamiethicher when they were all ſer at Supper, and asKed where he ſhould fit ; Barca
told him ag#in, where” ir pleaſed hitn, Then caſting His eyes about, he ſaid, He would fir by Iuna-
fins': and- ſo Fetching! a compaſs about the Board, he wetir and fate by -him, bar offered him no
rendfhipandfathiliarity'all Supper-time. Afrerwards qrk je gps at the requeſt of Martia,
thar was eztneftly in hand with Cato for him, he* wrote urito hith, and willed him to come and ſpeak
with him. Afurnatin:; went ro Caro's houſe 'iri the morning, where Mfartia ftayed him, and kept
bini cotaparly, until all the reft that came to falute Caro were departed; Then Caro coming w =
wy embra
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embraced him in. bis Arms, and made very much gf him, We haye the willinglier dilated this mat-
ter at length, becauſe mens Natures Manners . might be diſcerned even in theſe ſmall matters of
Money gotten friendſhip privately, as otherwiſe in the greateſt publick Cauſes, Now touching Caro's Commiſſion,
togerher by he got rogether little leſs then Seven thouſand Silver Talents. ) Furthermore , tearing, the farneſs of
C470 11 Cyprus. the journey he had to go by Sea, he made divers little Coffers, and pur into every one of them two
Talents, and five Drachmaes, and tyed unto each of them along Rope, and a great piece of
Cork ; becauſe that if the Ship ſhould fortune to miſcarry thoſe Corks __ ſhew where the
Cheſts with Money lay in the bottom of the Sea, Thus was all the —_— laving a little, and
brought ſately ro ROME. Cato having made two Books, wherein he had Noted all things done in his
Journey, he could neither ſave the one nor the other of them. For one of his Bond-men made free,
called Philargyrus, took the one way ; who taking Ship at the Haven of CENCHRE £5, was hin-
felf drowned, and the Book he had allo, loſt with him. The other Book which he | himſ(elt bad kept
until he came to Cor Ou, he lying in the Market-place of the City in his Tents which he cauſed to
be ſer up ; the Mariners being very cold in the Night, made ſo great a Fire, that it burnt the Tents,
Stuff, Book and all. Notwithſtanding, be brought certain of the late King Prolomy's Slaves with
him, who while he lived, had the charge and cuſtody of all his Treaſures and Riches, the which he
brought as Witneſſes ro ſtop the mouths of his malicious Enemies, that would have accuſed him in a-
ny thing. Bur yet the loſs of them did grieve him, not ſo much for the great care and pains he
had taken in ſetting down the account of his charge, for the juſtification and proof of his fideliry and
good ſervice ; but alſo for that they might have ſerved for a good Memorial and Example unto all 0.
thers, to have been alike carefull in their charge, as himſelf. But the gods denied him +this good hap.
News being brought that he was come to Rome by Water , when they underſtood he was at hand,
Cato receives by and by all the Magiſtrates, the Prieſts, the Senate, and the moſt part of the People alſo went out to
into Rome wich meet him by the Rivers-ſide : ſo that both ſides of the River of Tyber were full of People, and the
great honour of receiving of him in, ſeemed not inferiour to the entry of a Triumph. Notwithſtanding, ſome thought
him very preſumptuous, that the Conſuls and Pretours coming out to meet him, he did not ſtay his
Galley, but rowed ſtill up the Stream ( being in a Kings Galley of fix Qars to every Bank ) and ne-
ver ſtayed until all his Fleer arrived in the Haven, This notwithſtanding, when the Coffers with Mo-
ney were carried through the Market-place into the Treaſure-chamber, the People wondred to ſee ſv
great a quantity of it, And thereupon the Senate being afſembled with.great and honourable words
they gave Cato an extraordinary Pretorſhip, and Priviledge alſo, at any -common Sports to wear a
Purple Gown. Cato refuſed all theſe Honours, and onely beſought the Senate to make Nicias a Free-
- man, Steward of the late deceaſed King Prolomy, being a Witneſs of his faith and great pains he had
taken in this Service. Phzlip the Father of Martia, was that year Conſul, ſo that after a ſort, the
Authority of the Conſul was in Cato : becauſe Lentulus, Colleague and fellow Conſul with Philip,
did no leſs reverence Caro for his Vertues, then, Phzlip did for his Alliance with him. Furthermore,
when Cicero was reſtored again from his Baniſhment, the which P bl:xs Clodis (being then Tribune
of the People ) had put upon him, and being again grown to great credit, he went one day into the
Capitol, in the abſence of Clodzus, by force to take _ Tables which Clodins had conſecrated
there, in the which were compriſed all his doings during the time he was Tribune. Thereupon the Se-
nate being aſſembled, Clod;xs did accuſe Cicero of this violent Fat. Cicero anſwered him again, That
becauſe Clodixs was choſen Tribune, directly againſt the Law, therefore all his doings were void, and
of no validiry. Then ſtood up Cato, and ſaid, He knew that all that which Clodixs did when he was
Tribune, was ſcantly good and allowable, but yet if lly any man ſhould undo all that he had
paſſed by that Authoricy, then all chat he himſelf had done likewiſe in Cy yxus, muſt of neceſſity
be revoked, For the Commiſſion that was granted unto him, ( by vertue whereof he had done ma-
ny things ) ſhould be unlawfull ; becauſe the Tribune alſo that did grant it him, was not lawfully cho-
ſen. And therefore that Publixs (Jodins was not made Tribune againſt the Law, who by conſent of
_ the Law was taken out from a Noble Houſe, and made a Popular Perſon : howbeit, if he had behaved
himſelf undutifully in his Office, as other men bappily had offended, then he was to. be accuſed to
make him mend his fault, and not to deftroy the Authority of the Officer, which-in it ſelf was law-
full. After that, there fell miſliking betwixt C:cero and Cato, for this Counterbuff he had given him :
and Cicero continued along time after, beſore he did ſhew him any countenance of 'Friendſhip as' he
had at other times done. But afterwards they were reconciled together again, by this occaſion. Pow-
pey and Craſſus having been with Ceſar totalk with him ( who for that purpoſe came out of Gaur
beyond the AL.PE$) made an agreement there betwixt them, to demand the ſecond Conſulſhip toge-
ther, and when'they had it, then to prorogue Ceſar's Government for five years more, and alſo they
would have the beſt Provinces and greateſt for themſelves, with great Armies and Money enough to
pay them with. This was indeed a plain Conſpiracy, to divide the Empire of ROs between them,
and utterly to overthrow the Stare of the Common-wealth. Ar that time there were many Noble
men, wich came to make ſuit for the Conſulſhip. But when wy barge Pompey and Craſſus offer to
make uit for it, allthe reſt gave over , but Lucins Domitins that had married Porc;a, Cato's Siſter :
through whoſe "\waſion ke would not relinquiſh his ſuit, conſidering that it was not the Office
onely of the Conſulſhip that was the chiefeft marter of Importance, but the liberty. of the Senate and
People. ' Straight there ran a Rumour through che. moſt part of che. People, that were not to
ſuffer Pompeys power to be joyned with Creſſ#s, by. means of this Office : for then his Authority
would be too great and ſtrong, andtherefore, that of. yeceſlity one of | theſe-rwo were to be go
| or
Gy” V_—_—
For this cauſe therefore, the good men took Domitis part, and did encourage him to go on with
his ſuir, aſſuring him of aid under-hand of divers, which durſt not be (cen openly for fear ot thoſe two
great men, who at the day of the Election would procure him voyces in his fayour, Pompey and
Craſſus miſtruſting this, made Domir-us be ſer upon, going with Torch-light before day into the
Field of Mars, where the Ele&ion was alwaies made : and firſt ſtriking the Torch bearer that went
before him, they hurt him ſo ſore, that he fell down dead art his teer. Then they laid at the reſt in
like caſe, who finding themſelves cruelly hurt, ran away every man of them, and left Domitixs and
{ato poſtalone, But Cato, notwithſtanding he was hurt in one of his Arms, ftill held Domirius faſt,
and prayed him to tarry, and not to leave to detend the liberty of their Country, againſt Tyrant,
which plainly ſhewed after what manner they would govern, fith by ſuch wicked means they aſpi-
red to tyrannical Government. All this notwithſtanding, Domirs4 would tarry no longer, bur berook
him to his leggs, and ran home. Thus were Craſſus and Pompey without denial proclaimed Conſuls, Why Cato ſued
Cato never yielded therefore, but came and ſued to be Prztor, becauſe that thereby he might yer make *9 be Prztor.
it ſome ſtrength and countenance to him againſt their Conſalſhip, that being no private perſon, he
ſhould have ſome better Authority to reſiſt chem that were the chiefeſt perſons, But they tearing,
that the Pretorſhip by the eſtimation of (to, would come to equall their Authority of the Conſul-
ſhip - firſt aſſembled che Senate ( the molt part of the Senators not hearing of it) ws in that aſſembly
-cauſed the Senate to decree : that all ſuch as were choſen Prztors, ſhould preſently go to their charge,
got attending the time and liberry appointed by the Law, during which time men might accuſe thoſe
* which had bought the voyces of the People wich Money, Then having by this colour and Decree ſet
Ul-doers at liberty, without fear of puniſhment, they pretending to uſe corruption, did prefer ſome of
their own Miniſters to make ſuite for the Prztorſhip, themſelves giving Money to corrupt the People,
and being preſent at the Eleion, Burt notwithſtanding all theſe practiſes, the Vertue and reputation
of Cato overcame them, For the People had him in ſo great reverence, that they thought it roo
ſhamefull a part to ſell Cato by voyces, who deſerved rather to be hired to take the Prztorſhip upon
bim. Then the firſt Tribe being called co give their voyces, declared him Prztor, Pompey ſeeing thar;
ſtraight brake off the aſſembly, making a ſhamefull lye, telling that he heard it thunder : the which
the RomaNnts do marvellouſly deteſt, and. will conclude nothing when it thundreth, Howbeit af- Cto pur from
terwards they gave more Money then they had done before, and thereby drave away the chiefeſt men *Þ* Pretorthip
out of the Field of Mars, and by praftiſe obtained, that Varinizs was choſen Prxtor for Cato. And *? "ag
the report went, that they chat had ſo wickedly given their voyces, feeling themſelves pricked in con-
ſcience, fled immediately out of the Field : and the honeſt menthat remained, were both very ſorry
and angry, for the injury they had offered Cato, At that time one of the Tribunes keeping an afſem-
bly of the City, Caro ſtood up,and told (as if he had prophecied) before them all, what would happen
to the Common-wealth by theſe practiſes, and ſtirred up the People againſt Powpey and Ceſar,ſaying:
that they wereguilry of thoſe things, and therefore. procured them to be done, becauſe they were a-
ftaid that if Caro had been Prztor, he would too narrowly have fifred out their devices. In tine, Cato
ing home to his houſe, had more company to. wait upon him alone, then all the other Prztors
tliat had been choſen. When Caixs Trebonizes, Tribune of the People, had preferred a Law for the di-
viding 'of the: Provinces unto the new Conſuls, Sexain and Arr1cx untothe one, and AcyPT
and SYR1A- unto the other, with full power to make War asthey thought good both by Sea and
Land :: all other men having no hope to keep it back, did let it alone, and ſpake nothing to contrary it.
[Then Cato getting up into the Pulpit for Orations, before the People began co give their voyces, could _
hardly have two houres ſpace to ſpeak : but arlength, they perceiving that he delayed time by fore- rink - +
pling things to. come, would ſuffer him to ſpeak-no longer, but ſent a Sergeant to him, and plucked tor the Provin=
im by force out of. the Pulpit. But when he was beneath, and cried out notwithſtanding, and divets ces ot Pompey
gave good car'unto him : the Sergeant went to him again, and took him, and carried him out of 'rhe 394 Cr4us.
Market-place, Howbeit the Officer had no ſooner lefthim, bur he went ſtraight rowardsthe Pulpit for
-Qrations,aud there:cried out more vehemently then before, and willed the People to have an eye toaid
the liberty of their Common-wealch, which went to ruine, When he oftentimes together did this,
iTrebonius the Tribune being mad withall, commanded his Sergeant to carry him to Prilon. The Peo-
- ple followed himhard nowuhſtariding,to hear what he ſaid unto them. Whereupon Trebonins feating
iſtir, . was forcetl co command his-.Sergeant: to let Cato go, So Cato drave off all thar day withoucr
-any matter 'concluded. The, next morning notwithſtanding, the contrary Fa&tion having partly pur
zthe-Ro wants inifear,. and won the other part alſo by fair words and money, and by force of Arms
«likewiſe kept: 4qul5us, one of the Tribunes, from coming our of the Senate, and after they had alſo
+ molently driven/Cato our of the Market-place, for ſaying thatit thundred, and having hurt many men,
-and alſo ſlain fome out of hand in the Market-place : in theend they forcibly paſſed the Decree by
- veyces: of the People. Many' being offended therewith, went a' company of them together to pluck
-down- Pome Images : but-Caro would not ſuffer them. And afterwards alſo, whe they preferred
2Another Lawe { forthe prorogation of the Provinces and Armies which Ceſar denianded, Caro woufd Cato foreſhew.
{peak 'no 'more to the People to hinder it, but proteſted unto Pompey himſelf, char he ſaw not how he —_ IF -_
+ plucked — upon him, and that he ſhould feel 'the weight of- his force beforehe looked for it : and: wane - qaar
- then, when d neither ſuffer nor remedy it, he would even caſt his burthen and himſelf upori the jim by Ceſar,
- \Common-wealth* and too late would remember Cato's warnings, Which were privately as profitable
- For Pompey, as openly juſt and reaſonable for the'Common-weakh, Caro uſed niary of theſe perfwa-
fions ſundry-times unto him, -but- Pompey never-raade: account of them : for be would —_—
wade
pe | —_ CHD UV T7 I C A N.* —_—_
ſwaded that Ceſar would cver change inthat ſort, and beſides he truſted roo much to his own power
Catochoſen and proſperity. Furthermore, «© ato was choſen Prztor for the next year following, in the which it
Prgtor. appeared ( though he miniſtred juſtice uprightly ) that he rather defaced and impared the majeſty and
ienity of his Office, then that he gave it grace and countenance by his doings:for he would oftentimes
g0 a foot bare-legged, and withour any Coat, unto his Prztors Chaire, and there give ſentence of life
and death,otherwhiles of men ot great account, And {ome report, that he would give Audience when he
Caro preferred had dined, and drunk Wine, but that is untrue, Now Cato perceiving that the Citizens of Rot
a Law for un- were marred by bribes and gifts of thoſe which aſpired unto Offices, and that the People made it
lawfull brib- an Art and faculty to gain by : to root this Vice altogether out of the Common-wealth, he perſwa-
ng. ded the Senate ro make a Law, that ſuch as hereafter ſhould be choſen Conſuls or Prztors, ſhould (if
there were no man to accuſe them) come and offer themſelves before the Judges,and taking their Oath,
ſhould truly declare what means they had uſed to attain to their Office, This offended the Suiters for
the Offices, but much morethe mercenary-multirude. Whereupon, - a great number of them- went in a
morning together where he kept his Audience, and all cried out upon him, reviled him and threw Stones
at him : inſomuch as they that were there, forced to flie thence, and himſelf alſo was driven out
of the place by the preſs of the Yeople, and had much ado to get to the Fulpit for Orations, where
ſtanding on his feet, he preſently pacified che tumukt of the People, by the boldneſs and conſtancy of
his countenance onely. Then when all was pacified by the preſent perſwaſions he uſed, aptly ſpoken to
purpoſe for the inſtant, they giving attentive ear, without ſtir or uproar, The Senate giving him
great commendation therefore he told them roundly and plainly : but I have no cauſe to praiſe you,
to leave a Prztor in ſuch danger of his lite, offering no aid to help him, But the Suiters for the Offices,
they were in a marvellous cate : for one way, they were atraid to give Money to buy the Peoples voy-
ces; and on the other ſide, they were afraid alſo if any other did it, that they ſhould gowithout their
ſuite. So they were all agreed cogether,every man to put down twelve Myriades and a half a piece,and
then they ſhould maketheir ſuit: juſtly and uprightly : and whoſoever were taken faulty, and that had
otherwiſe made his way by corruprion, that he ſhould loſe the money he had laid down. This agree-
ment being concluded berween them, they choſe Caro (' as it is reported ) for their Arbitrator, and
Keeper of all the ſame Money, This match was made in Cato's houle, where they all did put in caution
or ſuretiesto anſwer the Money : the which he rook, but would not meddle with che Money, The day
being come, Caro aſliſting the Tribune that governed the EleQion, and carefully marking how they
did give their voyces : he {pied one of the: Suiters ior the Office break the Accord agreed upon, and con-
demned him to pay the forteirure unto rhe reſt, Bur they greatly commending his juſtice and integrity,
forgavethe forteiture, thinking it puniſhment enough unto; him that had forfeited, to be condemned by
Cato.Bur thereby Cato procured himielf the diſpleature of the other Senators, for that he ſeemed there-
in to take upon him the power and autiority over the whole Court and EleRion. For there is no Ver-
tue, whereof the honour and credit doth pracure more envy, then juſtice doth : becauſe the People do
commonly reſpe& and reverence that more then any other. For they do not honour them as they do
valiant men, nor have them in admiration, as they do wiſe men : but they love and truſt them better. As
for the two firſt, the one they are afraid of, and the other .chey diſtruſt : beſide, they ſuppoſe that vali-
and wiſdom cometh rather. þy the benefit of nature, then of our intent and choice, efteeming
wiſdom as a readineſs of conceit, and fortitude,” a preſence and courage of the mind. For every man
may be juſt that will, and therefore injuſtice is of all orher Vices moſt ſhameful : for it is a wilfull and
icious default, and therefore cannot be excuſed. Lo, this was the cauſe why all the Noble men in
manner were againſt Cato, as though he onely had overcome them, Pompey, he thought that the efti-
mation of Cato was altogether the diſcountenance of his power and greatnels, and therefore did daily
raiſe up many Railers againſt him.Of them Pblzus C lodins that ſeditious Tribune, who was again fallen
in friendſhip with Pompey, he accuſed © ato and cried out upon him, how he had robbed theCommon-
wealth of a wonderfull Treaſure, by bis Commiſſion in Cy exus'/: and that he was Ehemy unto Pom-
pey becauſe he did refuſe to marry his Daughter. Cato thereto made anſwer, that he had brought more
Gold and Silver out of - Cy erus, into the Treaſure of Rome, without the allowance of either Horſe
or Souldier, then Pompey had done with all his Triumphs and Wars,with the which he hall troubled all
the world. And moreover, thathe did never ſeek alliance with Pompey, not tharheih him un-
worthy of it, but becauſe he ſaw he dealt not as uprightly in the Common-wealth as he'himfelf did.1,faid
he,have refuſed a Province offered me when I came out of my Prztorſhip: but Pompeyhath taken fome
by force, and given away unto others. And to conclude, he ſent Ceſar not long {nce,an Army offix
thouſand mento ſerve him in the Wars of GAuLEz : the which he never required of us; nor Pompey
granted them him by our conſent, But we ſee, that ſo many Armies, Armours and Weapons, ſo many
men and horſes by common pleaſures of our private Citizens, given ani lent at our charge ': and Pomw-
pey himſelf reſerving onely the Name of Emperour, and Lieutenant-Generall, ai over his Ar-
mies and Provinces to the government of others, whileſt he himſelf beſiegeth here the Walles of the
City, with ſedigious and tumultoous EleRion of Officers, craftily undermining thereby the State of the
| Common-wealth, to bring all to confuſion, that he himſelf might be abſolute Prince, and rule alone.
Mercur? aonius Thus was he revenged of Pompey, Among Care's friends, he had ohe called Aſarcus Faorins,fucha
Caz0's friend. one as Apollodorus PHALERIAN was ſaid to be in old time, unto Secrares, who did. counterfeit to be
another himſelf, in doing nds. j+- yn This man would be far out of reaſog; and paſſionate
in his.ralk, ſtorming like a dr . He one year made ſuite to be &dilis, but he was rejeRed. How-
. beix Cato furchered his ſuir, marked, that the-Tables wherein the voyces were wricteny "were 3 We
and.
” ”
3
by a" | : $2
, > * , * "$6. ds
= « AY, M
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"CATO VTICAN,
——c—
_— —O— Ae a
G53
hand; ' So he finding out the falſhood, appealed chereupon unto the Tribunes, and made the EleRion
void for that time. After that Faon+4 was created A&dilis, Cato did help him forth in all the other
charges of his Office, and ſpecially in ſerting forth plays in the Theater, which are cuſtomably done
Plays and Dancers in thoſe Plays,
Twigs, as they commonly uſed in GREECE at the Olympian Games, And where others gave unto
the poor rich Gitts, he gave the GRECIANS Leeks, Lettices, Rediſhes, and Pears : and unto the Ro-
MAN&s, they had Earthen Pots full of Wine, Porke, Figs, Cucumbers, and Fagots of Wood of
ſmall value. Inſomuch as ſome thought ſcorn of them they were {o mean, others were very glad of
them, ſeeing that (aro which was ſevere and hard of nature, had a doing in them, and by little and lit
tle they turned this auſterity of his into pleaſure, In fine, Faonixs himſelf fitting down amongſt the
People, which looked upon the Players,clapped his hands for joy at Cato : and cried out to him,that he
ſhould give them good rewards that played well, alluring them alſo about to do the like,and told them
that he had made Cato the whole Ruler of thoſe Sports.At the felf-ſame time,(Jrio, F401 14s Colleague
and Companion in the Office of Zdilis, had likewiſe goodly-Plays in another Theater : but all the
People forſook his, and went to ſee F 40n3u Plays, who fate among them like a private man, and Caro
as the Maſter of the Plays. Cato did this in ſcorn and mockery of vain charge and expences, which
men are- wont to beſtow in ſuch rifles, ſhewing thereby, that whoſoever will make any Plays, he
ſhoult'make the tharge bur a ſporr alſo, furniſhing ic onely with a convenient grace, but with no vain
expence or charge about ſuch a trifle, Shortly after, when Scipio ,ypſews,and Milo, ſued all three to-
ether to be Conſuls, nor onely by bribery oft Money (a common fault then in ſuing for any of the Of-
Ns in the Common-wealth ) bur by plain force of Arms, ſlaying and killing as in a civill War, th
were fo deſperate and inſolent : ſome preferred a Law, that they ſhould make Pompey Preſident in thefe
Ele&ions, becauſe men ſhould move their ſuit after a lawfull ſort. But Cato ſtraight was againſt itfay-
ing, that the Law could baye no ſafery by Pawpey, but Pompey might have ſatery by the Law.Notvich
ſtanding, when he ſaw this trouble continue of a long tine, withour any Conluls in ROME, and that
daily there were three Camps in the Market-place, that it was almoſt impoſlibleto prevent the mil.
chief at hand, and to ſtay that it ſhould go no turther : then he thought ir berter, chat the Senate of
their' own good wills, rather then by cumpulſion, ſhould putthe Government of the State into Pom-.
prys hands-alone, chuſing the leſſer evil, to withſtand the greater, and ſo to yield to the abſolute
Government without conſtraint, which the ſedition would bring it unto, Therefore Bibulus,Cato's
friend and kinſman, made a'motion to the Senate, that they would chuſe Pompey Sole-Conſul.For,ſaid
he,-tither the Common-wealth ſhall be well governed by him, or elſe Ros hall ſerve an ill Lord,
Card thenrifingup, beyond all mens expectation confirmed Bibulxs opinion, and ſaid : that the City
were better to have one Soveraigr. Magiſtrate then none, and that he hoped Pompey could give pre-
ſent-order for the pacifying &f thisconfulion, and that he would be carefull ro preſerve the Ciry, when
he ſaw thar they truſted hinywith the Government thereof. Thus was Pompey by Cato's means choſen
Sots-Conſall. Then he ſent for Cato to come to his Gardens to him, which were inthe Suburbs of the
City.: Cato went thither, and was received with as greavbonour and courtefie of Pompey as could be
deviſed: and in the end, aftet he had: given him great thanks for the honours head done him;he'prayed
him'r0 aford him his advict and counſell in his Government, Caro anſwergbkim thus, Thid head
not'ſpoken any thing before that time. inireſpe&t of any. itLwitl he bare him,'a&ither that he delivered
this1xK opinion of his in reſpeR of his friendſhip; but wholly for the Common-wealths ſake'; how-
beit otherwiſe, that for - his own private iAfffairs, if he thought good to ule his advice, whenſoever. it
pleaſed him ro ask his opinion, he would tell him the beſt he could. But for common Cauſes, that he would
alwaits tell what he thought, though he never asked him :-and in fine, he perforrhed all he ſaid: For,
firſt of 'all; 'when Pompey did ſer grievous Penalties and new fines upon their heads, which hal boughr
the Peoples voyces for : ' Cato counſelled him ro provide for things re-come, and tolet that a-
{&ewhith was already paſt; For, ſaid be,it is a hard thing to determine any-certain time,in the which
2 ould ſeck ro'reform the faults tharare paſt : and' rmore, if the puniſhments appointed
wete" htwer then the offences commuted," then they ſhould do wrong urito them that were already ac-
uſted} to"puniſh cherii'Vy'a new Law which they had ner offended. Afterwards alſo, certain men of
oogd tafling ( Porp+yi friends ) being accuſed, Cato gm res by + ry grew remils, and yielded
twatry things, he h - > pry reformed him. - Furthermore, whe Pompey had by Law ta-
'ken 14wa the praiſes hi wwerewont to be ſpoken of the offenders that were accu , be himſelf not-
web Rtai ng baving'writren'an Oxation inthe praiſe of Blanarins Plancws, lent it unto the Fudges,
RG bis Cauſe was2 hezring. Cazo'being one of the Judges ar that tne; Ropped'his ears with both
3nd would'norhave it read. Wherefore Plax61t refuſed him fora neofhis
us pleaded unto * bowbeit
nd trouble yrito them that
Judges, after his
: \Caro was ſuch a
OO _ in RO4ck; by Gifts and Money and
appeared Cato's Predictiafivand Forewarnings true unto Pompey,and
had flept ſolong, and made him then'to conſider of the dig, che
which
Cato doth (er
. forrh the Plays
ar the coming in of every ſuch new Officer, to give the People paſtime : and gave unto the common for F 4onius
s, no golden Crowns, as.other &dilis did,but Crowns of Wild-olive 4s»
Cato's Wiſe
Counſels for
Plays.
Pompey created
Sole-Conſull,
by Cats's ſen
rence.
(ATO VTICAN. ©
which before he could -not be perſwaded to believe. Bur perceiving his ſlackneſs and fear withall,
Cato ſued to be doubting how to proceed. z 10 prevent Cſars praftiſes, Cato determined to ſue to be Conflll, with
Conſull to're- intent eicher to make him: leave his Army, or elſe ro find out the praRtiſe he intended. Caro's Com-
fiſt Caſar,
petitors, they were: both of them very honeſt men alſo, of the which $Sx/pstz4s had received, great
honour aud preferment by Cato's credit and authority: : in reſpe&t whereof many thought that it was
{cant honeſtly done of S#/prtras, to ſhew himſelf ſo unthankfull, as ro ſtand againſt {aro in this. ſyir,
Howbeit, Caro never complained of the matter, but ſaid, that-it was no marvell he would give place to
no man' in thar, fich it was the greateſt good hap that ever came unto him. This notwithſtanding he
perſwaded the Senate to make a Law, that from rhenceforth, ſuch as ſued for-any Office, theyſhould
themſelves be Suiters't6: the People,' and not prefer their ſuit by others. _ This cauſed the People to
be more offended with him then betore, becauſe thereby he did not onely rake away their fingering of
Money, which they: got: by their voices. in Elections .; but took from them the means they had alſo
ro pleaſure many, bringing them now-into poverty and contempt, He therefore having no face to
Batter the People and to curry favour with-them, bur rather ſticking to his grave manner and modeſt
life, then to ſeek the dignity of a Conſull by ſuch means, made ſuit himſelt in perſon, and would
not ſuffer his friendsto take the ordinary courſe which might win the Peoples hearts, whereupon he
Cato was deni- was put by his Conſulſhip. This denial was wont not onely to have made the parries refuſed, very
ed the Conſul-
ſhip.
ſorrowfull, but their friends and kinſmen alſo greatly aſhamed a long time after. Howbeit Cato made
no reckoning of that, but went the nexr morning, and played at Tennis with his friends in the Field of
Mars, and after he had dined, walked again in the Marker-place, as his manner was, without Shoes
Cicero blameth on his feet, and coat.Cicero blamed him much for that, becauſe the Common-wealth requiring then fuch
Cato,
Cato's opinion
againſt Caſar,
Cato inveigh-
eth againſt
Gaſar.
Pompey,
bo
rrey of the BxuT1aNs, and took his. Jdeſt Son with. him. | Now. becauſe ,be-was ig proyide:
a Conſull as he, he:had-not carefully endeavoured humſelf by courteſie and gentle means towinthe fa-
vour of the People, neither would ever- after make uit. for it, although at another time be ſued co be
Pretor. Thereunto {to anſwered,that forthe Pratorſhip he was not deni'd it by the good-will of the
People, but rather for that they were bribed with Money. And for the EleRion of.the Conſuls, where
there was no deceit uſed, he knew plainly he-went without it, for his manners which the People millik-
ed ; the which he thought were no wHe' mans part to change for any mans pleaſure, nor yet by ma;
king the like ſuit to hazard the refuſall. Furthermore, : ('eſar making War. with, very ſtout
Nations, and having with-no ſmall danger and travell ſubdued them : and having alſo ſet wpon the
GERMAINS with whom the Romans were at peace, and alſo (lain. three kundred thouſand
Perſons : his friends made ſuit that the Peopleſhould do.ſolemn Sacrifice to.give thanks untq ghe-gods.
But Cato in open Senate was of opinion, that they ſhould deliver C2ſar into their hapds whom he.bad
injured, to receive ſuch puniſhment as jheyirhought good : to the end the, whole. offence, for the beach
of peace, might be caſt upon him, that the. City might be no. partaker of. it, fith they could ngs ds
withall. Neverthelefs, ſaid he, we ate tq:do-Sacrifices unto abe gods 4.to give them thanks, for that
they
among them, thas; Ceſars;
BIvINg ocraf
wn the begening RE tg
Then 6 would. bave belieyed Lords nd rae fps
obs þ | har he Sonia
amy
he- hadt no; : Army; conyeniens. about hjrp to zarry Ceſar; con
were) bur fainc-hearted, be forſooktbe Cu. : Fane
A
Ray
__—
q
— = . *
ee «al
F G _ : —
Wn My -_ - F 2 gp 4 \ a” ws
C - BY C% > Y LE YL he * LS p
\ | bh :
«£2 4 # Iu £1
: :
Jer "F'Y
655
ſta and govern nor of his houſe and daughters , he took eartis again , which was left a widow and
—_ rich, for that Horte»/ius dying made her his heir ot all that he had, Therein Ce/ar upbraideth
—
Caſay reproy-
Cato much , reproving his covetouſneſs to marry for goods. For ſaid he, if he had need of a wiſe, e:hCars's cove-
why then did he before grant her to another 2? 1t be had no need of a women, why then did he take her *©vulnels.
afterwards again? Unlels ſhe were before a bait unto Hortenſin , to keep her whileſt ſhe was young ,
that he might have her again when ſhe was rich, Bur againſt that merhinkes it is ſufficient to recue thele
verſes of Eurypides :
Unlikelihoods firſt 1 diſprove. For why ? what man can ſay,
That over fear made Hercules ts turn his face away?
For I take it to be all one, to reprove Hercules cowardlinels and Cats*s covetouſneſs, But if his
marriage be to be reproved, peradventure it 151n another ſort, For ſo ſoon as he had married 71zr-
144 again, he left his houſe and his daughters to her government , and followed Pempey. But after
that time , men report that he never polled his head , clipped his beard, nor ware any Garland , but
to his dying day, lamented and bewailed in his heart , the milery and calamity of his Country,whether
they had victory , or were overcome. Fo having the Province of S1c1LE allottedto him , he went
into SYRACUSA, There underſtanding that Aſinss Polio was arrived at MEss1Nna, with men of
war from his enemies, Cato ſent unto him, tro know wherefore he came thicher , Po/;o again asked
of him, who was the cauſer of all this war ? Again , when Cato advertiſed that Ppey had for-
ſaken IT a Ly , and that he lay in Camp beyond the ſea by the City of DyrRacHiun , then he
ſaid,he ſaw a marvellous great change and incertainty in the providence of the gods : that when Pompey
didall things beyord reaſon , and out of courſe, he was invincible, and now that he ſought to preſerve
his Country , he ſaw he lacked his former good hap. Now he knew he was ſtrong enough at that
time to drive Aſnius Pollio out of $1c11E if he would, but becauſe there came a greater aid unto
him , he would not plague that Iſland , with the miſery 'of war. Then after he had adviſed the
SYRACUSANS to take the ſtronger part , and to look to their ſafety : he took the ſea and went
towards Pompey. When he was come unto him , he did always counlel] him to prolong the war ,
hoping ſtill of ſome Treaty of Peace: .and would in no caſe they ſhould come to fight any battell ,
where the weaker part ſhould of neceſſiry be put to the ſword by the ſtronger. Therefore he per-
ſwaded Pompey and the counſellers about him , to eſtabliſh certain laws to this effe&t, That they
ſhould ſack no City in this war , the which belonged unto the Empire'of Rows : and alſo, that
they ſhould kill no Citizen of Rows , but in fury of batteil , when their ſwords were in their
hands. Thereby he wan himſelf great honour , and brought many men to take Pompeys part ,
by the leniry and clemency he uſed unto them tha were taken, Thereupon Cato being ſent into A-
SIA , tO aid them that had commiſſion to preſs Ships and men of war, he took his ſiſter Serv;-
lia with him , and the boy which Z»c»/{ had by her : for all the time of her widow-hood, ſhe had
followed Cato, and thereby nad worn out her ill name ſhe had betore, fith they ſaw ſhe had ſo
willingly given her (elf to follow bim in his flying , and contented her ſelf with his ſtraight manner
of lite. This notwithſtanding, {ſar did not let to ſhame her: to-Cato. Pompey's Captains had no
need of Cats any where but at RHoDEs. For he wan the people there with his courteous uſage
and perſwaſion , Jeaving with them Yerv1lia and her little ſon , and went from thence to Pompey's
Camp , who had leavied a great Army both by ſea and land. There did Pcw:pey moſt of all diſcover
his mind and intent. For firſt he meant to have given Cato the.charge of the Army by ſea , which
were above five hundred ſhips of war, beſides an infinite number ot Foiſts and Pinnaces, and ſuch
{mall bottoms uncovered : but ſuddenly conſidering better of it { or poilibly being informed by
ſome of his friends, that all Cato 's regard and counſel in matters of government was , to deliver
Cato is ſent in.
ro Siccle.
C170 l\caveth
$ile, :
Cato's faws in
Pompeys Ar-
my.
Why Poinpey
Rows from Tyranny , and that if he had ſo great a charge under him , Ceſay being overcome, he changed his
would alſo force Pompey to leave his Army,and ſo make him ſubjeR to the law) he changed his mind,
notwithſtanding he had already moved it to Care, and leaving him , gave Bibxlws the charge of all his
Army by ſea, But Cato therefore ſhewed no leſs good will unto Pompey , then before. For it is
reported, that in a certain skirmiſh and conflit betore the City of Dyrk acx1ium , Pompey en-
couraging his ſouldiers , and commanding every Captain alſo todo the like in his quarter : the ſoul-
diers gave but faint ear unto them , and made no manner. of ſhew of men whoſe hearts had been any
whit the more encouraged thereby, But when Cato after them all came and told them (as the time ſery-
ed) the reaſon of Philoſophy, touching liberty, manhood, death, and honour ,and that with a vehement
afteQion: and laſt of all, ending his Oration, with calling upon the gods, turning his ſpeech unto them,
as if' they-had been preſent to have ſeen how valiantly the. ſouldiers tought tor the liberty of their
Countrey : they gave ſuch a luſty cry , and had ſuch a brave conceit and vehement defire to tight like
men , that all the Captains were filled with good bope , and ſoled them to battel] , where they gave
ſuch a cruel charge and fierce onſet upon their enemies , that they' overthrew them , 'and put them that
day to flight, Howbeit Ce/ars good fortune took the finallend of this victory from Pompey , by bis
over great fear and miſtruſt : who could not tel] how to take the benefit of his viRory , as we have
written more amply in his life. But when all the reſt rejoyced thatthey had done ſo noble an exploit,
and made their vaunts of the great advantage they had of their enemies ; Cato to the contrary be-
wailed the calamity. of his Countrey , and lamented that curſed ambition which cauſed ſo many good
and valiant Citizens of one ſelf City , ſo to kill and murder one another. After this overthrow, Ceſar
taking his way into THE SSA LIE, Pompey raiſed his Camp to follow him , and leaving a great power
at DygRAcHiun , of men, armour, munition, and _—_ he gave Cato the charge of themall,and
m—_ 7
fafteen
mind tor the
government of
the Army by -
ſea.
[008 CATO UVTICANC
rs Jo
Le
fifteen Enſigns of footmen beſides. The which he did for the fear and miſtruſt he had of him, being
aſſured, that if by ill fortune he ſhould loſe the battel , he knew well enough that he could not com-
mit them to a truſtier man then he : but on the other fide if he wan the victory, he doubted ſore that
Why Pompey he could not command as he would, where Caro was. There were alſo many other Noblemen, as a man
left Cato 3t would ſay, caſt away, and left at DYRR a CH1UM with Cato, In fine , the overthrow of the battell at
Dyrrachium. py arSALIA being blown abroad, Cato reſolved with himſelf if Pompey were dead , that he would
| paſs over all his men into 1TALy , and then like a baniſhed man would himſelf alone wander as far as
he could from the tyranny : and contrarily, if he were alive , that then be would keep his Army toge-
ther tor him , as long as he could. With this determination , he paſſed over the Sea into the Ile of
CoRtu, where Powpeys Army by ſea lay. There Cato finding (cer , he would have ſurrendred up
his charge unto him, as to a man of a greater dignity , for that he had deen Conſul , and (aro onely but
Prztor. Howbeit {'icero would in no wiſe receive it , but returned immediately into ITALY, Cato
then perceiving that Pompey the younger ( ſon unto Pompey the great ). of a raſh and haughty mind,
would have puniſhed all them that went into ITALY , and left the Army by ſea, and that yu_y he
was bent firſt of all to begin with Cicero: Cato reproved him privately for it, ſothat he certainly {aved
C:to ſaved Ci» Cicero”s lite, and many other more beſides. Now Cato ſuppoſing that Pompey the Great had ſaved him-
cero*s life, from ſelf in AGyPT orin AFRICK, he determined to take the ſeas, to meet him with all his men : but be-
Pompey s lon, fore he took ſhip, he gave all men leave to depart that were not willing to follow him, Cato being ar-
rived in AFRICx, failing up and down the coaſt there , he met with Sex: , the youngeſt ſon of
Pompey , who firſt told him , that his father was ſlain in AG y PT : when the ſouldiers heard it, they
rook it very heavily, and not one of them after the death of Pempey the Great, would ſerve under any
other Captain then Caro. He thereupon being aſhamed , and thinking it pity alſo to leave ſo many
noble and good men that had ſerved ſo faithfully under him, without a Caprain, not knowing what way
to take, nor whither to go : at their requeſt he was contented to take charge of them , and went firſt
unto the Ciry of CyRENEs, where not many days before, the Citizens had ſhut the Gates againſt
Labienw. Being there, it wastold him that Scipio, Pompeys father in law,was gotten unto King Zuba,
who had received him, and that Afiue Varus, unto whom Pompey had given the charge of the
Province of AFR1Cx , was in their company with an Army, and determined to go joyn with them. So
he went by land in the Winter time , and had gotten a marvellous number of Afffes together , to carry
water and vicuals, which followed him with a great number of Carts beſides,and of thoſe men,which
Pſilles be men 2 | JUS ; ,
which beal the the AFRICANS callPs1LLESs , to wit , they that do heal the ſtinging of ſerpents, and do ſuck out
Ringing of {er- the poiſon with their mouths , and do' furthermore charm and enchaunt the Snakes , that they have no
pents. power to do any hurt. He was ſeven days together marching continually, and went a foot -as a guide
* Men in 14 30 his men , without help of horſe or beaſt, From that day forth, on the which he underſtood of
—_— 1 thebattell loſt at PHarsA L1A , he never ſupped , bur fitting, * and added that unto the reſt of his
and waſhes forrow , that he never laid him down., but when he went to bed for all night. Caro having paſſed the
themſe!ves,and Winter in Ly B14 , the brought his ſouldiers into the field , which were about ten thouſand perſons,
then laid them The affairs on their fide had but hard ſucceſs, for the contention and variance betwixt Scspio and /i-
_ yp their 5, for the which, they both flattered King 7»ba to win his favour : being a marvellous proud man
The models for his greatneſs and riches : as he ſhewed the firſt time he ſpake with Caro, For when Caro came, he
and noble cauſed his own Chair to be ſet betwixt Scipio and Cato, to have the honour to be in the midſt. Bur
mind of Cato. Caro perceiving it 5 took up his own Chair , and fet it on the other ſide by Scipio to put him in the
middeſt , notwithſtanding that he was his enemy , and had written a ſhamefull book againſt. him.
Many make no account of this fa& of Caro , but reprove him , becauſe that walking one day with Phi-
loſtratw in SICILE , he gave him the upper hand , honouring him for his Philoſophy. Thus Cato
did pull down the pride of the King at that time, who before had uſed Scipio and YVarw as his noble-
men and ſubje&ts: howbeit Caro did reconcile them together again. Furthermore, when all the com-
pany prayed him to take charge of the whole Army, and. that Sc5pio himſelf and Varws both , did firſt
give him place, and willingly reſigned unto him the honour to command the whole Camp : he an-
{wered them , he would not offend the law , fith he made war onely to preſerve the authority and
Cato joyneth priviledge thereof, neither would rake upon him to command all, himſelf being but Vice-prztor,
_ Sciplo in where there was a Vice-conſul preſent, For Scipio wascreated Proconſul , and furthermore, the peo-
Frick. ple had a certain confidence that their affairs would proſper the better if they had but the name of a
Scipio to lead them in ArrR1cx. Now when Scipio was General-over them, be would ftraight,for
7uba's ſake, have put all the inhabitants of the City of UT 1c a(without reſpe& of age) unto the ſword,
and have razed the houſes to the ground;as thoſe that had taken Ceſays patt, Howbeit Caro would not
ſuffer him, but proteſting unto them that were preſent , and calling the gods to witneſs in open coun-
ſell, with great difficulty he ſaved the poor people of UT 1c from that cruel Tragedy and laughter.
Afterwards , partly at the requeſt of the people, and partly alſo at Scipio's inſtance , Caro took upon
— him to keep the City, fearing leſt by treaſon, or _ their wills it ſhould come into Ceſar's hands :
the City of becauſe it was a ſtrong place of fituation, and well repleniſhed with all things neceſſary for him that
Mice. ſhould keep it. Cazo did bothfurniſh it, and alſo fortifie it.. For he brought in great ſtore of Corn,he
repaired the rampiers of the walls,made great high Towers, and caſt deep trenches round about the
City ,: palling them in-: and betwixt the Trenches and the Town, he lodged all the young men'of Ur 1-
CA , andcormpelled them to deliver up their armour and weapons,and kept all the reſt within the City
it ſelf, carefully providing that never a man of them ſhould be hurt by the Romans ; and beſides ,
did alſo ſend corn , armour, munition and money unto the Camp: ſo that the City of UT1ca
| | was
Cato went jnto
Afjrich.
Cato was made
CATO UTICAN.
I.
657
was the ſtaple and tore-houſe of the wars. Moreover, as he had before counſelled Pompey not to come
'to battel,the like counſel he now gave alſo unto Scipso,not to hazard battel] _=_ a man of great skill
and experience in wars,but to take time, whereby,by little and little,he ſhould conſume the power and
ſtrength of Ceſar; tyranny. But —_—_ was ſo » that he regarded not Cato's counſel , but wrote
other while unto him,twitting him with his cowardlineſs'in this manner:That it was enough for him to
be ſafe in a good Ciry compatiled about with walls , though otherwiſe he ſought not to hinder men to be
valiant,to execute any enterpriſe,as occaſion was offered. Cato wrote again unto him,that he was ready
to go into ITALY with his footmen and- horſemen which he had brought into Arr 1cx, to draw
Ceſar from them,and to turn him againſt him.Scip;o made bur a ſport at it, ThenCaro ſhewed plainly,
that he repented him that he had given him the preferment to be General of the Army,becauſe he ſaw he
would but fondly proſecute this war , and alſo, that if he chanced to overcome, he could not moderate=
ly uſe the viRory againſt his Countrymen. Then he began to miſtruſt the good ſucceſs of this war
( and (o he told his triends ) for the Generals haſtineſs and unskilfulneſs : and yer if beyond expetxi-
on it fell out well , and that (2ſar were overthrown, he would never dwell at Rome any more ; bur
would flie the cruelty and bitterneſs of Scipio, who even at that preſent time did proudly threaten
many. Bur in the end , thar fell out ſooner then looked for. For a poſt came to him late that night,
who but three days before departed from the Camp, and brought news that all was loſt, in a great
battell , by the City of ThHaysEs , which Ceſar bad won: that be had taken both Camps , that Scs-
pio and King Fuba were fled with a few men, and that all the reſtof Ay was ſlain. Theſe news
did put the Citizens in ſuch a fear and maze (and ſpecially being in the war, and in the night-time) that
for very fear they could ſcant keep themſelves within the walls of their Ciry, Burt Caromeeting with
them, ſtayed them that ran up and down crying in the ſtreets, and did comfort them the beſt he
could. Yet he took not all their fear from them , though he brought them again unto themſelves from
the extafie they were in , —_— unto them that the loſs was nothing ſo great asit was made, and
that it was a common matter to enlarge ſuch news with words enough, By theſe perſwaſions, he ſome-
what pacified the rumult and uproar , and the next morning by break of day he made a proclamation,
that the three hundred men which he had choſen for his counſellours , ſhould come and afſemble in the
Temple of Jupiter, they all being Citizens of ROME , which for craffick of Marchandiſe lay in A-
FRICK, and all the Roman Senators and their children alſo. Now whilſt they ga them-
ſelves togetber,C ato himſelf went very gravely with a ſet modeſt countenance , as if no ſuch matter
had happened , having a little book in his hand , which he read as he went. This book contained the
ſtore and preparation of Munitionhe had made for this war , as Corn, Armour, Weapons, Bowes,
Slings, and Footmen. When they were all aſſembled, he began greatly to commend the good love
and faithfulneſs of the three hundred Roma ts , which had profitably ſerved their Countrey with
their perſons, money, and counſell , and did counſel them not to depart one from another, as men
having no hope, or otherwiſe ſeeking to ſave themſelves ſcatteringly. * For remaining together ,
* Ceſar would lels deſpiſe them , if they would make war againſt him : and would alſo ſooner pardon
*©them if they craved mercy of him. Therefore he counſelled them to determine what they would do,
© and, for his own part , he ſaid he would not miſlike whatſoever they determined of : for if their
& minds followed their fortune , he wonld think this change to proceed of the neceſſity of time ,
<« but if they were reſolved to withſtand their misfortune , and to hazard themſelves to defend their
© liberty , he then would not onely commend them, bur having their noble courage in admiration ,
&« would himſelf be their Chieftain and companion, even to prove the fortune of their Country to the
<ttermoſt, The which was not UT1ca nor Apgumt Tun , but the City ſelf of Roms 2 the
& which oftentimes through her greatneſs had raiſed her ſelf from greater dangers and talamities: Fur-
* thermore, that they many ways to ſaye themſelves, and the greateſt mean of all was this; that
*© they ſhould make war witha man, who by reaſon of his wars was compelled to be in many places:
*© For SPAIN of one fide was up againſt him, and rook part with the younger Pompey : and the
« Ciry of Rome alſo not being uſed to be bridled with the ſnaffle of ſuch inſolency ; c6uld not abide
*© it, but would rather riſe with any other change. Furthermore , that they were not to refufe any
"M r, but to take example of their enemy : who to work his miſchievous intent ; ſparethnot his
"m hr in any danger. And contrarily alſo, that unto them the incertainty of the war, if victory
** followed, would make them happy : as alſo in —— 5 their death would torn to im-
© mortal glory. Notwithſtanding, they were to think of the matter among themſelves , and cd
& make their prayers to the gods , that in recompence of their vertue and good ſervice which they
** had ſhewed thereunto , they would grant them graceto determine for the beſt; After (atohad en-
ded his Oration, there were divers of them that were ftirred up by his lively perſwaftons , but the moſt
part of them were incouraged by his conftancy and noblemind, and alfo by his kindneſs : fo that they
preſently forgot the danger they were in, and praying him to command their perſons , goods
and weapons, as he thought good, taking him for their onely invincible Captain, of whom fortune had
no power, thinking it better to die obeying his counſel, then to ſave themſelyes, forſaking fo valiant and
worthy a man. Then, when one of the aſſembly made a motion that they ſhould make their bondmert
free, and that divers alſo did confirmit , C ato ſaid, he would by no means ſuffer ir,becauſe it was neither
meet nor lawful : howbeit if their maſters would manumiſs them , that he was comented to receive
them for ſouldiers that could wear any weapon. Divers promiſed him to do it : and {aro command-
ed their names ſhould be enrolled that would , and fo went his way. Immediately after, letters were
brought him from King 744 and Scipio : of the which, King F«ba was hidden in a mountain a
; Kkk 2 ew
_
— —
Scipiodeſpiſeth
Cato's counſel.
Cato's conſtan=
cy in extremity
Cato's Orntion
to the Romans
at Wtica,
658
The equity of
Cato.
Cato forſaken
ofchree hun-
dred Romane
Merchants art
Hiicd.
Cato's piry and
regardunto the
Senators.
ſpeech. But the moſt part of them ſought means how to intrap the Senators,hoping the better of mercy
atCe/ars hand, if they did deliver them unto him.Caro did look for this change in them, but yet uttered
not that he thought , and returned the meſſengers back again unto King 7x64 and Scipio, and wrote
unto them, that they ſhould bewarethey came not near UT1c a , becauſe he did miſtruſt theſe three
hundred Merchants. Now there were a great number of horſemen which had ſcaped from the bat-
tell, who coming towards UT 1c 4 , ſent three of. their company unto Caro , the which brought him
not one ſelf determination from all the company. For ſome of them meant to go unto King 7ba,
others alſo to joyn with Cato, and part of them were afraid ro come into UT1ca, Thele things
being thus reported unto Caro ; be commanded 27arcu Rabring to take care of theſe three hundred
men, and to receive the names of thebondmen which they willingly manumiſſed , without compel-
ling of any man, In the mean time Caro with all the Senators went out of UT 1c to meet with theſe
horſemen , and there he ſpake to the Captains , and prayed them that they would not forſake ſo ma-
ny Noblemen and Senators of Rox as were there; and that they would not have King 7aba for
their Captain before Cato, but to come into UT1c A , where they might ſave themſelves, the City was
of ſuch ſtrength, and beſides , ſo well armed and viQtualled for many years. The like requeſt d1d the
Senators alſo make unto them, with the tears running down their cheeks. Thereupon the Captains
went and ſpake with their ſouldiers, Cato in the mean time ſet him down on a hill , with the Se-
nators, tarrying for anſwer, But then on the ſuddain came Rxbrius unto him in great haſt, complain-
ing of the tumult of theſe three. hundred Merchants , which went about to make the City to rebel] :
whereupon the reſt ( their hearts failing them ) fell ro bewail their miſerable fortune. But Cato ſought
to comfort them, and then ſent unto the three hundred Merchants , to pray them to have a little pa-
tience. So the Captains returned again with unreaſonable demands of the horſemen. For they {aid
that.they cared not for King 7«ba's pay. , neither were they afraid of Ceſars malice, ſo that they had
Cato for their General : yet to be pendup within the wals of a City with Axr1cans , that were
PHOENICIANS', and a traiterous Nation as could be, that a moſt of all. For, ſaid they ,
though now they ſtir not, and - wy p when Ceſar comes, they will be the firſt that will betray.us,
and cut our throats. And therefore, if Cato would haye them to joyn with him in this war , that he
ſhouldeither kill or drive away all the UT1c a xs'out of the City , and then that they would come in-
to it, when it was clear of all thoſe barbarous people their enemies. {Aro thought this a cruel and bar-
barous condition , nevertheleſs he told them that he would talk with the three hundred : and ſo return-
ing again into UT1ca , he ſpakeunto them. But they then not regarding the reverence unto {to ,
diſſembling no longer, ſaid openly , that they would not like of him whatſoever he were , that ſhould
compel] them to make war with C «ſar, becauſe they would nor, nor could not do it. Further , there
were ſome of them that mumbled to themſelves , that the Senators, ſhould be kept there till Ceſar
came, Cato over-heard them , for indeed his hearing was very quick, Art that very inſtant one
cameto him , and told him, that the horſemen were going their way. (to therefore fearing leſt
theſe three hundred Merchants would lay hands upon the Senators , hewent unto them himſelf with
his frierids, and perceiving they were gone a great way off, he took his horſe and rode after them.
Catoan earneft They rejoycing to ſee him come , received him among them , and prayed him to. ſave-himſelf with
ſuiter for che
SCnators.
them, But Caro prayed them again to ſave the Senators , and that with ſuchaffeRion , as it forced
tears in him : beſides, he held up his hands unto them , took their borſes by the bridles, and them-
ſelves by their weapons , that at the length he obtained of them , that they would remain there one
day at the lealt to help the Senators to ſave themſelves. So Cato returning with them into the City ,
he appointed ſome of them to ward at the Gates, and put others alſo in Garriſon into the Caſtle : ſo
that the three hundred Merchants quaked for. fear , left he would have been revenged of them , be-
cauſe of their return with him, Thereupon they ſent unto Caro, humbly to pray him to come unto
them in any caſe.. But the Senators flocking about him, would not ſuffer him to go.,;and ſaid, that =
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wor{ not caſt away their ſaviour and protector, to put him into trattors hands. Then doubtleſs, all
that were within UT 1c plainly ſaw the vertue and fimpliciry of Caro » and found that there was no
fraud nor deceit in him : who having long time reſolved to kill himſelf , be onely took that extream
pains and care for others,that their lives being ſaved, he might then rid himſelf of his own, For men
might eaſily ſee , though he difſembled it , that he was reſolved to die. Whereupon, having com- The finceriry
forted the Senators , he yeelded unto the requeſts of the three hundred Merchants, and went himſelf of Cato.
alone unto them. Then they thanked him much for his coming , and prayed him to command them -
and boldly to truſt them : 1o that he would pardon them it they could: not be all Caro's, and would
rake pitie of their faint hearts , though they were not ſo conſtant and noble minded as he. For they
were determined to ſend unto Ceſar , ſpecially to intreat him tor him: and if that they could nor
obtain pardon for him, then they were afſJured they could have none for themſelves, and therefore
would tight for the ſafety of him , while they had any breath in their bodies. Caro thanking them
for their good wils, anſwered, that they ſhould ſend quickly to crave pardon for themſelves, but to
aske none tor him. For(ſaid he)men that be overcome,and have offended, it ftandeth them upon to make
humble ſuit , and to crave pardon : but for himſelf, he was never overcome in his lite , and yer ©#ts's mind
had overcome as much as he deſired ; and had alwayes been better then Czar in juſtice , who onely **<=®Jverable.
( not hiraſelf ) wasnow caken and overcome : the thing being apparently proved in fight againſt him
which he had always denied to have practiſed againſt his Countrey, When he had made this anſwer
unto the three hundred Merchants , he departed from them. News being brought that Ceſar was in
his way with all his Army , coming towards UT1ca : O gods,faid he, then he cometh againſt us
as againſt men. Then turning unto che Senators , he gave them counſell quickly to ſave themſelves,
whileſt the horſemen were yer in the City, So ſhutting all the Gates of the City , ſaving that to-
wards the haven, he appointed ſhips for them all, and fer every thing at a ſtay, without tumult or
diſorder, no man having injury offered him , and gave every one money ro make way for their latery.
When eHurcus Oftavins ( who came with two Legions , and camped hard by UT1ca ) ſent unto
Cato , to determine which of them rwo ſhould be Generall, he made no aniwer , bur turning to
his friends , ſaid : How can we wonder any more, that all goeth tro wrack with us , ſith there is _
ſuch ambition amongſt us for the government , even now when we are at the laſt caſt ? In the mean þ. : Iqvovech
time word was brought him , how the horſemen going their way were ſpoiling of the Citizens goods, of man.
as 2 lawfull prey in war. He ftraight ran thither himſelf , and the firſt he mer withall , he took
from them that they had gotten: the reſt, before he came unto them, threw down that they were
carrying away , and hanging down their heads for ſhame, they went their way , ſaid nothing. Then
Cato calling all the Citizens of UT1c 4 together , prayed them not to incenſe nor niove Ceſar againſt
the three hundred, bur rather to crave of him pardon tor them all, Then he went again to the peer,
and there embracing his friends, and raking his leave of them all , he brought chem to their ſhips.
Now for his ſon ,-he did not counſel] him to go , neither did he think it meet to urge him to forſake
his father; Furthermore , there was one Srat/5s a young man in his company , of a noble courage, S*4tilius a fol-
that was determined to follow the invincible conſtancy of Cars : who counſelled him to rake the lea; '** of Caro,
and to ſail away with the reſt, becauſe he knew he was Ceſars morrtall enemy, Srarilis ſaid , he
would not go. Then Cato turning himunto Apallonides 2 Stoick Philoſopher , and unto Demetrins a
Peripatetick Philoſopher, faid : You muſt rake this ſtour young ran, to perſwade him to obey unto
neceſlity. Cato himlelt in the mean time ſent away the reſt , and did miniſter juſtice unto them that
required ir, ſpending all that night and the next day about thoſe matters. Then Lucius Ce/ar , the
kinſman of 7uliu Ceſar the conqueror , being choſen by the three hundred, ro go and ſuite unto
him for them all , came and prayed Cato to help him co make bis Oration, which he ſhould ſay unto
Ceſar for themall ; and as for thee Cato ,ſaidhe, I will kiſs his hands , and fall down on my knees
before him to intreat him for thee. Nay, ſaid Cato, thou ſhalt not do ſo. For if I would ſave my life
by Ce/ars grace, I could do it, If I would but go unto him ; howbeit I will not be bound to a tyrant for £49 would nor
injuſtice, For it is an injuſtice in him,to take upon him as a Lord and ſoveraign to ſave a mans life, when = =
himſelf hath no authority to command. Bur yet ler us conſider if thou wilt, what thou ſhalt ay , Fog =_
to crave pardon for the three hundred. So they were a while together conſidering the matter : and
in fine, Lucius Ceſar being ready to depart, Cato recommended his ſon and friends unto him, and
embracing him, rook his leave of him. Then he returned unto his lodging , and calling his ſon 4:9 forbad his
and friends before him, and talking of many matters, among others-he charged his ſon in no ſon to meddle
caſe to meddle in the affairs of the Common-wealth. For , ſaid he, to dealuprightly like Caro's with matters
ſon, the corruption of the time and ſtate will nor abide it : and contrarily, obſerving the time, thou of -_ _—
cant nor do like an honeſt man. Towards evening he went into his Bathto waſh himſelf, and as he POE
was bathing , thinking upon Sratilizes , he cried our aloud : Well Apollonides , haft thou at length
yer perſwaded Starili to go his way , and pulled down his ftourt courage he had : and is he gone
without bidding us farewell? How , gone, faid Appollonides ? Nay , his heart is now more ftour and
couragious then ever it was, notwithſtanding all the perlwaſions- we could uſe unto him : for he is
determined to tarry , and to take ſuch part as thou doeſt. After he had bathed himſelf , hewent to
ſupper, and fate at his meat, as he had always uſed after the bartell of PHarSAL1a , and neverlay ,
but when he went to bed : and he had all his: friends and the chief Magiſtrates of UT 1c a to ſupper 71, p,.a; "RES
with him. After ſupper they fell into grave talk, and marters of Philoſophy , till at length chey came gf the Scoicks
unto the ſtrange opinion of the Stoick Philoſophers , which was this, that only the good man is free,
and all the evill be laves, The Peripatetick Philoſopher chat was preſent there , was ftraight _ it,
KkKkk 3 ut
#
CAT O VU T I C AN oO.
ee
Plato's Dia-
logue of the
ſoul.
Cato's laſt
words unto the
Philoſophers
his friends,
Cato Cconlider=
cd his ſword
wherewith he
killed himſelf,
The death of
Caro.
Bur Caro was very earneſt agaiaſt che Peripatetick and argued the matter a long time , with qgyehe-
ment ſpeech and contention : infomuch as they that heard him , found then that he was determined to
end his life, and to rid himſelf out of all thoſe troubles. But then when he had ended his argument, and
ſaw that every man held their peace, and looked fadly on it : to comfort them again , and to put
the ſuſpicion of his death out of their heads , he began again to fall in talk of their affairs, and
ſeemed to be carefull of them, as though he had been affraid leſt ſome misfortune were come unto
them upon the ſea, or unto them that were gone by land , becauſe they paſſed through deſerts, where
there was no water to be had : Now when ſupper was done , and the ſtrangers gone, he walked as
his manner was with his friends , and having taken order with the Captains of the watch for matters
of ſervice, as the time required , going into his Chamber he embraced his ſon and his friends more
lovingly then he was wont todo , whereby he made them again ſuſpect the execution of his determi-
nation, When he was come into his Chamber and laid in his bed , he took Plaro*s Dialogue in hand,
treating of the ſoul , and read the moft part of it. Then looking by his beds fide , and milling his
ſword ( which his ſon had taken from him when he was at ſupper ) he called one of the Grooms of
his Chamber to him , and asked him who had taken his ſword away. His man made him no anſwer ,
and he fell again to read his Book. Then a pretty while after , not ſeeming to be importunate , or
over haſty of the mitter, but as though he would onely know what became of it , he willed them to
bring him his ſword again. They tarried long , and he had read over all the book , tut yet his
ſword was not brought him again, Whereupon he called for all his men,one after another,and very an-
gerly asked them his ſword, and gave one of them ſuch a blow on his face , that his noſe fell a bleed-
ing, and his hand was all bloody withall , and cried out , that his ſon and his ſervants would deli.
ver him naked into the hands of his- enemie , untill his ſon and his friends at length ran unto him , and
falling down on their knees, lamented , and beſought him to be contented. Caro then rifing out ot
his bed , looked grimly upon them, and ſaid unto them : O gods, who ever ſaw me in this taking ?
why doth no man by reaſon perſwade me , if they ſee me out of the way , and not to keep me from
my determination by plucking my weapons from me ? why doeſt not thou ( my ſon) bind thy fathers
hands behind him , that when {2/ar cometh , he may find me in caſe not to detend my ſelf ? I do not
defire my ſword to hurt my felt, for it I had any ſuch mind , I need but hold my breath a little , or
give but a knock of my head againſt the wall onely, and diſpatch my ſelf quickly. When he bad ſaid
thus, his ſon went out of his Chamber weeping, and all his friends alſo , no man remaining with
Cate, but Demetrius and Apollonides , unto whom he ſpake more gently , and reaſoned in this ſort :
What do youthink to keep an old manas I am alive by force ? and have you tarried behind but to
fit ſtaring upon me,and ſay nothing unto me ? if otherwiſe elſe , by reaſon you come to perſwade me ,
that it ſhall be no ſhame for Caro ( deſpairing of the ſafety of his life) to {eek ir by the grace and mer-
cy of his enemy , why then do you'not now tell me your reaſons to perſwade me, that forſaking all
other fancies and determinations which hitherunto we have holden for good , being on a ſudden be-
come wiſer by Ceſars means , we ſhould be bound the more therefore to give him thanks , 1do not
tell you this , that I have determined any thing of my life , but that it is in my power ( if Llift ) ro put
the ching in execution 1 have determined : but yer I will conſult with you , when I am ſo determined ,
to hear the reaſons and opinions of your books, which your ſelves do ule in diſcourſe and argument
together. Go your way therefore hardly unro my ſon, and tell him that be muſt not think ro com-
pell his father unto that which he cannot prove good unto him by reaſon. After this talk , Demetri-
»s and Appollonides being nothing comforted , weeping , departed out of his Chamber, Then his
ſword was brought bim by a little boy. When he had it , he drew it out , and looked whether the
point andedge of his ſword was ſharp and would cut : when he ſaw it was well: O , faid he, now
am 1 where I would be, and ſo laying down the ſword naked by him , he took his book again in his
hand , and read it over ( asthey fay ) twice together. Then he ſlept ſo ſoundly after it, that his men
which were without his Chamber heard him ſnort again, About midnight he called for two of his
freemen, Cleanthes his Phyſitian,and B xr as, whom he chiefly employed in his weighrieſt affairs of the
Common-wealth. So he ſent him unto the haven , to ſee if all his men that were imbarked were un-
der fail , and gave his hand to the Phyſitian to be bound up, becauſe it was ſwollen with the blow he
gave one of his ſlaves when be hit him on the face. All his ſervants were glad to hear of that, hoping
then that he defired to live. Soon after came Bras back again from the haven, and brought
him word that all were gone but Crs , who ſtayed about ſome buſineſs he had , and yer that he
was going to take ſhip : howbeit that the ſea was very rough , and wind exceeding great. ('ato hear-
ing this , ſighed, being ſorry for them that were upon the ſea : and ſent Bytas back again to the ha-
ven, to ſee if any mancame back for any matter they had to fay unto him, The little birds began
cochirp, and Caro fell againin a little ſlumber. But thereupon Ba: as returned , and brought him
word that all was quiet in the haven, and there was no ſtir. Then Cato bade hin) go his way , and
{hut coo the door him, and layed him down in his bed, as though he had meant to have flept
out all the reſt of the night. Bt 4s back was no ſooner turned , but Caro taking his naked ſword in
his hand , thruſt it inco his breaft ; howbeit the ſwelling of bis hand made the blow ſo weak , that it
killed him not preſently , but drawing on to his latter end , he fell down upon his bed , and made
ſuch a noiſe with his fall ( overthrowing a little table of Geometrie hard by his bed ) that his ſer-
yants hearing the noiſe, gave a great ſhreek for fear, Thercupon. his ſon and his friends ran into the
Chamber, and found him all of a goar blood , and the moſt part of his bowels coming out of his bo-
dy, himſelf being yet alive and ſeeing them, They were all ſtricken with ſuch ſorrow to behold it, that
at
"CcATO UTICA N.
- — — _
EE
at the firſt they were ſo amazed , as they could not tell what to ſay to it. His Phyſitian coming too,
went about to put in his bowels again which were not periſhed, and to ſow up his wound. Bur
{ato coming to- himſelf , thruſt back the Phyſitian, and core his bowels with his owh hands , and made
his wound very great , and immediately gave up the Ghoſt. Whereupon the three hundred Royans
(in leſs time then a man would have thought Caro's own houſhold ſervants could have known of his
death ) were at his doors, and immediately atter all che people of UT1c a alſo camethither , and wich
one voice called Co their benefactor and ſaviour, and ſaid, he onely was a freeman , and had an in-
vincible mind : and this was done, when they heard ſay , that _ was not far from Ur 1ca.
Furthermore , neither fear of the preſent danger, nor the defire to flatter the conquerour , neither
any private quarrell amongſt themſelves,could keep them from honouring (Aco's Funerals, For ſump- Caro”sfunerals.
ruoully ſerting out his body,and honourably accompanying his Funerals as might be , they buried him
by the ſea fide , where at this preſent time is 0 be ſeen his image , holding a ſword in his hand. After
that, they made their beſt way to ſave themſelves and their City. Now {/a+ being adyettiſed by
them that came unto him, how Caro ſtirred riot from UT 1c a, nor fled not , but ſent all others away ,
ſaving himſelf and his ſon, and a few of his friends that remained there , being aftaid of nothing, he
rould not deviſe what he meant by it. Therefore eſteething Cato much, he made haſt with all the
ſpeed he could with his Army ro come thither. Bur when he underſtood that Caro had ſlain himſelf, Ceſar: faying
writers do report he ſaid thus ; © Cato, 1 envy thy death, fith thou haſt envied mine honour to ſayg 4349 Caro the
thy life. For indeed, had Caro been contented Ceſar ſhould have ſaved his life , he had nor ſo —_—_ __
impaired his own honour, as he had augmented Ce/ars glory. And yer what Ceſar would havedone,
men make it doubttul, ſaving that they conjecture well of Ceſars clemency. Caro died when he was
but eight and fourty years old, For his ſon, Ceſar never did him hurt : howbeit it is reported of him —_ -w—4
that he was vety- idely given , and laſcivious beſides. For when he lay in Cayyabg@c14, in a Noble- tions he had.
mans houſe 6f ths Kings blood , called Maphradates , who had a tair womanto his wife, he tarried
longer there ilterthe might well with honeſty , wh-reupon he fell ro be a laughing ſtock to the people,
and in mockery they ſaid : Cato will go to morrow, a thirty days hence. And further that Maphra-
dates and Porcitt aretwo good friends , but they have but one mind : and the reaſon was, becauſe Pſjche ſignifi-
Maphradates wife was called P/yche,which in the Greek ſignifieth, mind : and Caro is a noble fellow, crb mind.
and hath a Princely mind : howbeit his famous death did ſtop this infamous ſpeech. For he valiantly
fighting againſt A=gxſftus and Anronine at the bartell of PH1z1yPes , for the liberty of his Coun-
try, their Army being overthirown and fled , he would neither fie nor hide himſelf , but running in
amongſt his enemies, he made them know what he was by encouraging thoſe of his fide, which yer did The 4
defend themſelves , rill he was ſlain in the field , ro the great admiration of his valiantneſs. Further- Porcis =
more, Porcia the daughter of Cato , gave no place unto her father , neither for chaſticy , nor greatneſs daughterof
of mind. For ſhe being married unto By#t#e, who flew Ceſar , was of the conſpiracy , and flew her Cato, and wife
ſelf as couragiouſly as became the vertue and nobility of her bloud from whence ſhe came, as we have *f 574%,
more amply declared in the life of Bratwe, Statilins alſo , who had ſaid, he would run Caro's for- = __
tune (as we.have told you before) was kept from killing of himſelf by the Philoſophers , Demerrius ian
and Apollonides. But after that time having ſhewed himſelf very faithful and ſerviceable unto Brarxs
in all his affairs , he was ſlain in the field alſo at the batrell of PH1t1pps,
The end of Cato's Life.
—
AGIS and ( LEOMENES.
| a Þ
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WJ
Wd. Ay FRELR= WAL
DPW ( \ Wd
a+ -
=
QS
TAS, ==_—uely the Fable of 1x0 was not il] deviſed againſt ambitious perſons ; who
The fable of Mean S imbracing a cloud for the goddeſs 74», begot (as it is ſaid ) the Cx x-
_ againit Ws ©3-D2Te TAURI. For even ſo ambitious men, imbracing glory for the true image
fons. © EN of vertve , do never any a&t that is good nor perfect: but being carried
DR ZEA TT REY away with divers fancies, and following others humors with defire to
pleaſe the people, they may as the heardmen in the Tragedy of Sophocl:s
CYHll ( ſpeaking of their cattell ) ſay :
We wait wpon their beaſts, though we their maſters be ,
j And whereſcever they become , there alſo follow ne. |
" Such indeed are they compared to , that govern Common-weals after
peoples luſt and fancy : who doubtleſs are as their ſervants obedient at call , becauſe they onely may
enjoy the glorious title and name of an officer, For like as in a ſhip the Mariners that ſtand in the Prow,
do better ſee before them then Pilots: that ſteer the Helm in the Poop , and yet look always
back unto them to ſee what they command : even ſo , they that govern in the Common-wealth tor
honours ſake, are no better then honourable ſlaves of the people, having no more but the bare name
of a Governor, But indeed, the perfe& good and honeſt man ſhould never covet outward glory, but
as a mean to bring him to noble attempts , whereby he might procure the better credit of his doings.
And for a young man that coveteth honour by vertue , 5s leave a little to glory in his well do-
Theophraſtus of ings : for gs Theophraſtus ſaith, vertue buddeth and flouriſheth in youth,and taketh faft roots by praiſes
the praiſe of piyen, as wit and courage groweth in them. But overmuch praiſe is dangerous in every perſon, bur
m—— erate Chiefly in ambitious Governors, For if they be men of great power , it makes them commit many
praiſe very Ceſperateparts : for they will not allow that honour proceeds of vertue , but that honour is vertue it
dangerous. felf, But indeed they ſhould ſay as Phocios ſaid unto Antipater , that requeſted an unlawfull matter
Phecions ſay- of him : Thou canft not , ſaid he, have Phocion a friend and a flatterer both, This, or the very like,
Wy may be ſaid unto the people : you cannot have one , both a maſter and a ſervant , that can command
and obey together. Or elſethe miſchief ſpoken of in the tale of the Dragon muſt needs happen,
—_ which was ; The tail on a time fell out with the head, and complained , laying, it would another while
, which fell out very ill
kead and tail. £0 before, and would not _ come behind. The head granted the tai
for it , not knowing how to guide the head ; and beſides that , the head thereby was rormented every
way , being compelled againſt nature to follow that part and member , which could neither hear nor
ſee how to guide it. The like manner haye we ſeen happen unto many , which in the adminiftration of
the Common-wealth , did ſeek to pleaſe the humors. of the multitude. For when they have once pur
their heads under their girdles to pleaſe the common people , which without cauſe and reaſon do ſoon
rebell., they can by no poſſible means afterwards bridle their fury and inſolency. Now the reaſon
that made us enter into diſcouſe againſt the ambition and yain glory amongſt the people, was the
Plutarchexcul- conſideration I had of their great power, remembring the misfortunes of Tiberizs and Cain Gracchi :
echthe Gracch; both of the which coming of a noble houſe , and having been marvellous well brought up , and manag-
ing alſo the affairs of the Common-wealth with a good deſire, were notwithſtanding in the end caſt a-
way : not ſo much through covetouſneſs of glory , as for fear of diſhonour , which came alfo of no
baſe mind. For they _ received great pleaſures and friendſhip of the people , were aſhamed to be
indebted to them, and therefore earneſtly ſought to exceed the people in goodwill, by new _ and
evICes,
1 OM na CLEOMEN BS. 663
devices, which they preferred for common benefit : and the peoplea!ſo for their parts contended to
horior them the more, by how much they ſtrived to ſhew themſelves thankful. So with like rife on
either ſide, they ro gratifie the common people, and the people to honour them , were ſo unwares en-
tangled with publike cauſes, that chey could no more follow the common Proverb , which faith :
Althosgh ons deeds tiſſent from equity,
Yet can we not defoſt with honeſty. |
This thou ſhalt eaſily find by che declaration of the Hiſtory, Wirh' theſe we do compare two other
popular men , both Kings 0 LACEDAMON , Agzs and C /comenes. For they as the Gracchs , ſeeking
to increale the power of the' cortimon people, and to reſtore the juft and honeſt government again
of the Commonwealth of La cEDAMON , which of long time had been out of uſe, did in like man-
ner purchaſe the hate of the Nobility”, which were loth to loſe any parrt of their wonted covetouſneſs,
Indeed theſe two Laconians were no brethren born, but yer did both follow one ſelf courſe
and Form of Government , which bad beginning in this ſort, After that covetouſneſs of Gold
and Silver crept again into the City of SPARTA, and with riches, covetouſneſs alſo and miſery ,
and by uſe voloptuouſneſs and licentious life: SPaRT a then was void of all honour and good-
neſs,and was long 'rime drowned in ſhatue and diſhonour, untill King Agis and Leoxidas came to reign
there. Agis was of the houſe of the wry ionri's , the ſon of Exdamedas , the ſixth of lineall The linage of
deſcent after Ageſ/aus who had been the great Prince of all Gxtzcs in his time, This Ageſilars Agi. .
had a ſon flain,in ITaLy by the MEgSAPHIANS, called Archidamw before the City of Ma n-
DoONiuM. Archidamus had ifſue two ſons , Ag and Exdanidas that was King , who ſucceeded
his brother Agis, whom Anripater ſlew before the City of MEGAL1eoLrs , and teftno children
behind bm. Endamidas begat Archidamuns , which Archidamus begat another Eudanidas : which
Enudamidas alſo begat Agis , whoſe life we now write of. Leonidas allo , the ſon of Cleonymus , was The linage of
of the other family of the Agiades, the eighr of ſucceſſion after Pauſanias , who flew Mardeonine ; am
the Kings Lieutenant Generall of PERS14a , in a battell fought before the Ciry"of Prartztrs.
This P a#/anias had a ſon called PLſtonax, and Pliſtonax alſo another, called Pa»uſan;as ; who flying
from SPARTA unto the City of TEGEA,, his eldeſt ſon Ageſip:lis was made King in his fathers
room , who dying without iſſue , his younger brother Cleombrotu ſucceeded him inthe Kingdome.
Cleombrotus bad two ſons, Ageſipolis and Cleomenes : of thewhich , Ageſipelzs reigned not long King,
and died without iſſue. Then Cleomenes his brother , who was King after him, had two ſons, Acro-
tdtus the elder , that died in his fathers life time : and Cleonymw the younger which ſurvived him,
and was not King , but one Ares his Nephew, the ſon of Acrotativ. This Are died before the
Ciry of CORINTH , who having another Acrotatz to his ſon , be fucceeded him in the Kingdom.
He alſo died at a battell before the City of MEG6AL1iPoLis , and was there (lain by the Tyrant Ariftodemus
Ariſtodemus , leaving his wife great with child. She being brought to. bed after his death of a ſon, *yranc of Megs-
whom Leonidas the ſon of Cleonymus taught and brought up , the child dying very young, the 2%
crown by his death was caſt upon Leonidas himſelf, Howbeit his manners and conditions never liked
the people. For though all men generally were corrupted through the Common-wealth , and clean
out of order, yet Leonidas of all other exceeded , deforming moſt the ancient La coNn1an life ; 8 aaihes
becauſe he had been long time brought up in Princes bouſes, and followed alſo” S:/cx«s Court, from brought ſuper-
whence he had brought all the' pride and pomp of thoſe Courts into GRezct , where Law and fluity and ex-
Reaſon ruleth. 4gss on the contraty part did not onely far exceſl Leonidas , in honour and mag... <*s into Spar-
nanimity of rmitid ; bur all other almoſt alſo which had reigned in SY4rTA from the time of Age/i-
ts.
The continen-
laws the great.” $0 that when Ag was not yet twenty years old, and being daintily brought up with c of 4gis.
the fineneſs of. two women, his mother Agiftrata, and Archilamia his Grandmother , which had
more Gold and'Silver then all the LaczD&xontans elle , he began to ſpurn againſt theſe wo-
maniſh delights and pleaſures , in making himfelf fair co be the better liked , and to be fine and trim
in his apparell'; and to caſt upon him a plain Spatiſh Cape, raking pleaſure in the Diet, Bathes, and
manner of the ancient La coNntans life : and openly boaſted beſides, that he would not defire to be
King , but onely for the hope be had to reſtore the ancient LacoN1an life by his authority, The beginning
Then began the ſtate of Lac£D&mON firſt to be corrupted, and to leave her ancient diſcipline , of the Laccde-
when the LactzDamOnians having ſubdued the” Empire bf the ATtHenians, ſtored them- 199nians tall,
ſelves and Country both with plenty of Gold and Silver, But yet referving till the lands left unto Wo —_—
them by ſucceſſion from their fathers , according unto , ZLyc»rg firft ordinance and infticution , for pn:
diviſion of lands amongft them : which ordinance , and equality —_ inviolably kept amongſt them, tra, for partiti-
did yet preſerve the Common-wealth from defamation of divers orher notorious crimes, untill the 9" of lands _
time of the authority of Epiradews , one of the Ephores , a ſedirious man, and of proud conditions : brokenby Epi-
who bitterly falling out with his own ſon , preferred a law , that every man might lawfully give bis ————-—_ ©
lands and goods whileſt he lived , or after his death by teſtament, unto any man whom he liked or for demiſe of
thought well of. Thus this man made a law to fatisfie his anger , and others did confirm it for lands by will.
covetouſneſs ſake , and ſo overthrew a noble ordinance. For the rich men then began to buy lands
of numbers, and ſo transferred it from the right and lawful heirs : whereby a few men in ſhort time
being made very rich , immediately after there fell out great poverty in the City of Sea&TA ,which
made all honeſt ſciences to ceaſe, and brought in thereupon unlawtul occupations , who envied them
that were wealthy. Therefore; there remained not above ſeven hundred natural Citizens of SPARTA
in all, and of them, not above an hundred that had lands and inheritance : for all the reſt were poor
people in the City , atd were of no countenance nor calling , and beſides that, wetu unwillingly co
| the
+ at." ai...
AGIS and CLEO MENES.
the wars againſt their enemies , looking every day for ſtir and change in the City. Agog there-
fore thinking it a notable a& op it was ) to repleniſh the oy of SPARTA again,and to
bring in the old equality , he moved the matter unto the Citizens, He found the youth ( againſt all
hope ) to give ear unto him, and very well given unto vertue , ealily changing their garments
and life , to recover their liberty again. But theoldeſt men , which were now even rotten with co-
vetouſneſs and corruption , they were afraid to return again to the ſtraight ordinances of Zycay.
44, 2s 2 ſlave and runnagate from his maſter, that trembleth when he is brought back again unto
un. Therefore they reproved Ag , when he did lament before them their preſent miſerable eſtate,
and wiſh alſo for the former ancient honour and true dignity of Sparta. Howbeit Lyſanger the
ſon of Lybi , and Mandroclidas the ſon of Ecphanes , and Agefilaws alſo, greatly commended his
noble defire ; and perſwaded him to go forward withall. This Zyſander was of = authority and
eſtimation amongſt them in the City , Mandroclid as was alſo very wiſe , and abour any mat-
cer of counſel, and with his wiſdom and policy , very valiant : Ageſi/aws in like manner, the Kings
Unkle, and aneloquent man, was very effeminate and covetous, and yet prickt forward to give his
furtherance to this attempt as it a, by his ſon Hippomedon , who was a noble good ſouldier,
and could do very much , by means of the love and good will the young men did bear him. Bur in-
deed the ſecret cauſe that brought Ageſlaws to conſent unto this. praiſe , was the greatneſs of his
debt which he ought , of the which he hoped to be diſcharged by changing of the ſtate and Common-
wealth, Now when Avis had won him , he ſought by his means to draw his mother alſo unto
the matter , which was Agefila ſiſter. She could do very much by the number of her friends, fol.
lowers , and debtors in the City , by whoſe means ſhe ruled the moſt part of theaffairs of the City
after her own pleaſure. But the young man Hippomedon making her privy untoit, at the firſt ſhe was
amazed withall , and bade him hold his peace if he were wiſe, and not to meddle in matters unpoſlible
and unprofitable. But when Ageflaxs had told her what a notable a it would be, and how eaſily
it might be brought to paſs , with marvellous great profit : and that King Agis began alſs to ſtra n
her with great intreaty , and that ſhe ſhould willingly depart with her goods to win her ſon honour
and glory : who though he could not in money and riches come to be like unto other Kings ( becauſe
the | os and faRors onely of the Kings Selewcs and Prolomy , had more money then all the Kings
of SPART a had together that ever raigned ) yet if in temperance, thriftineſs, and noble mind ( excee-
ding all their vanities , he could come to reftore the Laczpamo N1ans again unto equality , that
then indeed he ſhould be counted a Noble King. Theſe women ftirred up with ambition by thoſe per.
ſwaſions of the young man , ſeeing him ſo nobly bent , as if by the gods their minds had ſecretly been
inflamed with the love of vertue, did preſently alter their minds in ſuch ſort , that they themſelves
did prick forward Ag: , and ſent for their friends to pray and intreat them to favour his enterpriſe:
and furthermore they brought on other women alſo , knowing that the Laczpamonians did e-
ver hear and believe their wives , ſuffering them to underftand more of the affairs of the State then
they theraſelyes did of their private eftate at home. Herein is to be conſidered , that the moſt part of
the riches of La c£D&MON was inthe hands of the women , and therefore they were againft it , not
onely becauſe thereby they were cur off from their finenels and excels ; in the which being ignorant
of the tre good indeed , they put all their felicity : but alſo becauſe they ſaw their bonour and autho-
rity which they had by their riches , clean troden underfoot. Therefore coming to Leonidas , they
did perſwade him to reprove Ags, becauſe he was an elder man then he, and to lett that this enterpriſe
went not forward. Leonidas did what he could in favour of the rich , but fearing the common peo-
ple, who deſired nothing bur alteration , he durſt not onely ſpeak againft him! ; but ſecretly he did
the beſt he could to hinder Ag#s practiſe ; _—_ with the Magiſtrates of the City, and accuſing
Azis unto them, he told them how hedid offer the rich mens unto the poor, the diviſion of
their lands , and the aboliſhing of all debts, for reward to put the tyranny into his hands , and that
thereby he got a ſtrong guard unto himſelf , but not many Citizens unto SPARTA, This notwith-
ſtanding , King Agss having procured Ly/andey to be choſen one of the Zphores, be preſently pre-
ferred his law unto the counſel. The Articles whereof were theſe : That ſuch as were in debt, ſhould
be cleared of all their debts, and that the lands alſo ſhould be divided into equal parts : ſo that from
the valley of Palena unto mount Tawgetss , and untothe Cities of MALEA and SELAS14, there
ſhould be four thouſand five hundred parts ; and without thoſe bonds , there ſhould be in all the reft,
fifteen thouſand parts, the which ſhould be diſtributed unto their nei meet to carry weapon :
and the reft unto the naturall SpaxTaNns, The number of them ſhould be repleniſhed with their
neighbours and ſtrangers in like manner , which ſhould be very well brought up , and be able men be-
ſides to ſerve the Common-wealth : all the which afterwards ſhould be divided into fifteen compa-
nies , of the which , ſome ſhould receive two hundred , and others four hundred men, and ſhould live
according to the old ancient inftitution obſerved by their Anceftors. This law being preferred unto
the Senate , the Senators rodivers opinions upon it, Whereupon Ly/ander aflembled the great
councill of all the people , and there ſpake unto them himſelf , and Adandrochidas , and Age fila
alſo , praying them not to ſuffer the honour of SyarT a to be troden under foot , for the vanity of
a few : butthat they would remember the ancient Oracles of the gods , warning them to beware of a-
varice, as of the plague and deftruQion of the Common-wealth : and of the late Oracle alſo brought
unto them, from the Temple 'of Paſfphat, The Temple and Oracle of Paſiphad , was
famous at the City of THaLamzs : and ſome ſay , that P«/iphae was one of the daughters of
Atlas , which was gotten with child by 7»piter , and was delivered of a ſon catled Hammon, pom
DD” _T”.Y FR
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— AGTISad CLEOMENES. 665
think that it was (aſſandra , one of Priamns daughters that died there, which was ſirnamed Paſi-
phae , becauſe ſhe gave all the anſwers and Oracles of things to come, Bur Phylarchus writerh that
Daphnethe daughter of Amycla fiying from Apol/o that would have raviſhed her , was turned incs
a Lawrel Tree, and honoured by Apolio with the gift of prophecy, So , they faid that this Oracle of
the god commanded them , that the SP ARTANS ſhould again return unto their former ancient C-
quality , ſtabliſhed firſt by Lycurgus law. When every man elſe had ſpoken, King Ags riſing up;
briefly ſpeaking unto the people, {aid ; thathe would beſtow great contributions tor the reformati..
on of the Common-wealth , which he was'deſtrons to reſtore again. For firſt of all , he would make
common all his arable and paſture he had , and beſides that he would add too fix hundred talents. in
ready money , and ſo much ſhould his mother , grandmother, kinſmen, and friends, all the which p 2 TE "OY
were the richeſt and wealthieſt in SpakTAa. When the people heard what he ſaid , they marvelled did gonds —_
much at the noble mind of this young King and were very glad of it , ſa, Ing : that for three hundred mon.
years ſpace together , the City of SPARTA had not ſo worthy a king as he. But Le:nida contrarily
afſaied with all the power he could to reſiſt him , thinking with himſelf that if King 4g purpole
rook place, he ſhould alſo be compelled to do as he did , and yet he ſhould have no thanks » but King Leonidas reſiſt.
Agts : becauſe that all the SpaRTaNs indifterently ſhould be compelled to make their g00ds com- <th King Agr,
mon, but the honour ſhould be his onely chat firſt began it, So he asked Agis, whether he thought
Lychrg us had begna good and juſt man, or nor ? Agz anſwered thathe had been, Then replyed Les-
»14as, Did you ever ſee that he had taken away and abolithed any debts, or had received ſtrangers into +
the number of the Citizens of SparRTA 2? Who contrarily thought chis Common-wealth unperfec,
if all ſtrangers were not baniſhed the City, Ag agan anlwered him: that he marvelled not that
Leonidas being brought up in a ſtrange Countrey , and alſo married there in a Noblemans houſe, he
ſhould be ignorant of Lycargus Laws, who banithing gold and filver out of his City, did therewithal
exile debt and lending. And for ſtrangers he bated them that would not conform themſelves unto
the manners and faſhions of life which he inſticured , and thoſe they were which he baniſhed : nor
for any ill will he bare unto their perſons , but becaule he teared their manners of life , leſt that ming-
ling them with the Citizens , they ſhould make them run after vanity and covetouſneſs to be rich,
For otherwiſe, Terpander, T hales, and Phericydes , which were all ſtrangers, were marvelloully re-
verenced and honoured in SPARTA In old time, becauſe they did fign in their writings , the ſelf
ſame things which Lycurgs had eſtabliſhed in his laws. And thou thy ſelf alſo doeft commend Ec-
prepes, being one of the Ephores, becauſe he did cut with a Hatchet the two ſtrings which Phrynss the
Muſician added unto the Cithern, more then the ſeven common ſtrings , and thoſe alſo which did
the like unto Timeſkews : and yet thou reprovelt me , becauſe I go about to root out all exceſs and
pride out of SPARTA , as though thoſe men did not tar off prevent that theſe ſuperfluous ſtrings
of the Muſick , delighting the Citizens minds too much with their ſungs , ſhould not cauſe them fall
unto ſuch trade and manner of life , as ſhould make the City atdiſcord with it ſelf. After this con-
rention the common people did ſtick unto King Ag, and therich men (ollowed Leonz4as : praying
and perſwading him not to forſake them : and further, they did fo intreat the Senators, in whom
confiſteth the chief authoriry , to determine and diſgelt all matters before they be propounded unto
the people , that they overthrew the law , by the onely voice of one man more. Wheretore Lyſan-
der who was yet in office , attempted to accuſe Leonidas by an ancient law , torbidding that none of
the race of Hercules ſhould marry with any ſtrange woman, nor beget children of her : and aid fur.
ther,that no man upon pain of death ſhould dwell any where,but in Sparta, When he had inſtructed
others to obje& theſe things againſt Leonidas , he with others of his colleagues obſerved a fign in the
Element , the Ceremony whereof was in this ſort : Every ninth year, the £ phori chooſing a bright
night without Moon-light, did fit down in ſome open place , and beheld the Stars in the Element,
to ſee if they ſaw any Star ſhoot from one place to another : if they did , then they accuſed their
Kings, that they had offended the gods, and did deprive them of their Kingdom , untill ſome Oracle
came from DEL yHEs or OLYM Pus , to reſtore them again, Lyſandey then declaring that he had King Leonidas
ſeen a Star flie in the Element, did therefore accule King Leonidas, and brought forth witneſſes a... accuſed byLyſ-
gainſt him, how he had married a woman of As1 a , the which one of King S./eyc#s Lieutenancs 494:
had given him in marriage, and that he had two children by her , and afterwards being forſaken of
his wife that refuſed him , he returned again into his Country againſt his will , and had ſo poſleſſed the
Kingdom for lack of a lawfull heir. So following his accuſation in this manner againſt him, he allured
Cleombrotus his ſon in law ,; being alſo. of the Kings blood, ro make title to the Crown, Leonidas
being afraid of the ſucceſs hereof , took ſanctuary in the Temple of «no, ſirnamed {halcacos; and
his daughter with him , who forſook her husband (Teombrorus. Leonidas then being cited to ap-
pear in perſon, and making default they depoſed him , and made Cleombrorus King, In the mean
time Ly/anders Office expired , and the new Epher; which ſucceeded him, did deliver Leonidas again, Lconidas depri-
and accuſed Ly/ander and Maxaroclidas,becaule againſt the Law they had aboliſhed all debts, and had ved of his
again made new diviſion of lands, When they ſaw they were openly accuſed , they incenſed both. Kingdom,
the Kings, that joyning rogether , they ſhould make the ZEphoye, ordinances of no effe& ; declaring
that their authority was onely ereRed for the diſcord ofthe rwo Kings , becauſe they ſhould give
their yoices unto that King that had the beſt judgement and reaſon , when the other would willtully
withſtand both right and reaſon : and therefore they two agreeing together, might lawfully do what
they would , without controlement of any perſon ;, and that to reſiſt the Kings, was a breaking of
the Law , fith that by right the Ephoys had no other priviledge and authority , but to be Judges and
Arbi-
ns _ ———
566 AGIS and CLEO ME NB
——_—
5a. p-
g { I + -» 4 > y==
—
ST...
—
Arbitratours between them , when there was any cauſe of Jar or controverſie.. Both the Kings
being carried away by this perſwaſton , went into the Market-place accompanied with their friends,
plucked the Ephores from their ſeats and put others in their rooms , of the which Ageſilaus was one.
Furthermore they armed a great number of young men, and opening the priſons , did ſet the pri-
ſoners at liberty : the which made their adverſaries afraid of them , doubting ſome great murder
Leonidas Bieth would have followed upon it, howbeit no man had any hurt. For Ageſilaws being bent to kill Lc
; ry —beagy onidas , who fled to the City of TEGEta, and having alſo laid men in wait for him by the way,
King Ag#s hearing of it”, ſent thither other friends of his in whom he put great contidence, and
they did accompany Leonidas, and brought him ſafely unto the City of T6 ta. Thus their purpole
raking effet , and no man contrarying them , one man onely Age/ilaus overthrew all , and daſhed a
noble Lacon1an law by a ſhametull vice , which was covetouſneſs. For he being a great landed
King Agis de- man , and having the beſt lands of any man in the Countrey , and owing a great ſum ot money be-
ceived by Agc- fides, would neither pay his debts, nor let go his land. Wherefore he periwaded King Ag, that if
Plans, he went about to ſtabliſh both together , he ſhould raiſe a great uproar inthe City , and withall, if
he did firſt win them that were landed men, preferring at the beginning the cutting off of debts one-
ly, then that they would eaſily and willingly alſo accept the law of partition of lands. _ was
alſo of this opinion : whereby King Ag and he both were deceived by Agefi/as ſubtilty, So they
New laws fla. commanded all the creditors to bring their bonds , obligations , and bills of debt ( which the Lac x-
bliſhed by the D&MONIAN do call Claria ) into the Market-place , and there laying them 'on a heap together
Lacedemonian® they did ſet fire on them, When the Uſurers and Creditors ſaw their Writings obligatory on a fire ,
they departed thence with heavy hearts : but Age/4s mocking them ſaid, he never ſaw a brighter
fire in his life, The people then requiring that the lands alſo ſhould be preſently divided , and the
King likewiſe commanding it, Ageſ/laws fill interpoling ſome cauſe of let , delayed time , untill op-
portuniry ſerved , that King Ag ſhould go to the wars : for that the Acyarans their confede-
rates had prayeg,aid of LACcED&MON , being bound thereunto by the league confirmed between
them , becauſe fMy-looked daily that the T0114 Ns coming through the Countrey of Mecara,
AratusGene- would invade PELOPONNESUS, Aratus General of the ACHA1ANS had leavied a great Army
ralofthe A- to withſtand their invaſion, and had alſo written unto the Ephoyes, that they ſhould ſend them aid,
tows, . Whereupon they preſently ſent King Agzs , perceiving alſo the readineſs and good will of the ſouldiers
_—_ s**, Which were appointed to go with him : for the moſt part of them were young men and needy , who
Phi feeingthemſelves diſcharged of the fear of their debts , and hoping alſoat thei h
chaia. eceing themſelves dilcharge > ping alloat their return , that the lands
likewiſe ſhould be divided among them , they went with glad hearts , and were .obedient to King A-
gs. So that the Cities where they paſſed through » wondred how =P came through Px 10-
PONNESUus , from the one fide to the other » very quietly , without noiſe or offence to any man.
Likewiſe many GRECIANS calling to mind the ancient times , told one' another , that it was a
noble fight then to ſee the Army of La cxDamon when they were led by Arefilaws, Ly[ander ,
and Leonidas , famous Captains : firh now they ſaw ſo great obedience unto Ags by his fouldiers,
who was in manner the youngeſt man of all his Camp ; who alſo glorying to be content with little,
tro away with pains, and not to be more coſtly apparelled , and armed then any private ſouldier he
had , he wan himſelf thereby a marvellous love of the people. Howbeit the rich men liked not
this change , and were afraid leaſt gs ſhould give other people example to riſe alſo, and to do
the like with theirs , as he had done. Ag meeting with Arat by the City of CorinTH even
as he was conſulting whether he ſhould fight with his enemie , or not, ſhewed himſelf in his counſell
then , no raſh , but a'reſolute and valiant man, For he told bim , that for his opinion he thought it
better to fight , and not to ſuffer the war to come any further , leaving theentry into PELorON-
King Agirgare NEsns free to their enemy : nevertheleſs , that he would do what Ararus thought good , be-
place unto A- cauſe he was the elder, and General alſo of the Acuarans , whom he came not to command ,
_— but to aid them. But Baton $1 NOPIAN Writeth that King Ag would not fight , though Ararss
was willing : howbeit he hath not read that which 4ratw had written for his excuſe and juſtification,
alledging there that the farmers and husbandmen having brought all the Corn into their Barns , he
thought it better to ſuffer the enemies to come farther into their Countrey , rather then to hazard
battel , to the loſs of the whole Countrey of PsL.opoNNEsus ; and that therefore he licenced all
the confederates to depart , and brake up his Army. So King Ag returned home again, greatly
honoured of them that ſerved with him in his journey , finding the City of SyarT a then in great
broile and trouble. For Age/ilaws at that time being one of the Ephores , finding himſelf rid of
the fear which before kept him under , cared not what injury or miſchief he did unto any Citizen, ſo
he might get money. For amongſt other things , that very year he made them pay beyond all rea-
ſon the Tallages and Taxes due unto the Common-wealth for thirteen moneths, adding too the thir-
teenth moneth above the ordinary time of the yeare. Wherefore perceiving every man hated him,
and being afraid of them he had offended, he kept ſouldiers about him , armed with their ſwords,
and ſo came down into the Market-place among them, And for the two Kings , he made no ac-
count of the one; but of the other that was Ag , he ſeemed outwardly to make good account, ra-
ther for kindreds ſake , then for his dignity of a King , and furthermore gave it out abroad, that he
would alſo be one of the Zphores the next year following, Whereupon,his enemies ſpeedily to prevent
King Leonidas the danger, gathered force together , and openly brought King Lromdas from TeGEza, to reſtore
IT =_ him again to his —_ The people were glad to ſee that , becauſe they were angry they had
©1970 997” been mocked in that fort, for that the lands were not divided according unto promiſe. Furthermore
; | _- Hip-
AGISad CLEOMENES. 667
Hippomidon was ſo well beloved of every man for his valiantnels, that intreating the People for his
Father Ageſilaw, he ſaved his life, and got him out of the City. But for the two Kings, 4g took
Sarictuary in the Temple of Juno Chalcacos, and Cleombrotuy the other King fled imo the Temple of
Neptune : {or- it ſeemed Leonidas being much more offended with him, did ler King Ag alone, and.
went againſt him with certain Souldiers armed. Then he (harply taunted him, that being his Son-in-.
law, he had conſpired againſt him, to deprive him of his Kingdom, and had driven him out of his
Countrey. Burt then C leombrotws-not having a word to fay,ſate ſtill,and made him no-anſwer. Where.
upon his Wife:Chelonis, the Daughter of Leonidas, who before was offended for the injury they did The naurat
her Father, and had left her Husband Cleombrorus, that had ulurped.the Kingdom from him, to ſerve love of Cheto-
her Father in his adverficy, and while he was in Sanctuary took part with him alſo of his miſery, and "is, Leonides
afterwards when he went to the City of T:6 ta,;wore blacks for ſorrow, being offended with her 2*=8hrer, un-
Husband : ſhe contrarily then changing her anger wuh her Husbands fortune and miſery, became alſo hu + —_
an humble ſuiter with him, ſitting down by him, and embracing him, having her two little Sons :
on either ſide of-chem. All men wondring, and weeping for pity to ſee the goodneſs and natural
love of this Lady, who ſhewing her mourning Apparell, and hair of her head flaring about her eyes,
bare-headed, ſhe ſpake in this manner unto her Father : © O Father mine, this ſorrowfull Garment The Orwi
*<and countenance is not for pity of {leombrot ws, but hath long remained with me, lamenting ſore of Chelonir che
« your former miſery and exile : but now, which of the two ſhould I rather choole, either to conti-' Daughter of
«© nue a mourner in this pitiſull ſtate, ſeeing you again reſtored ro your Kingdom, having overcome Leonidas.
« your enemies ; or elſe putting on my Princely Apparell, to ſee my Husband ſlain, unto whom
« you married me a Maid ? who if he cannot move you to take compaſlion on him, and to obtain
« mercy, by the tears of bis Wife and Children, he ſhall then abide more bitter pain of his evil
6 count, then that which you. intend to make him ſuffer. For he ſhall ſee his Wife die before him,
&« whom he loved more dearly then any thing in the World, Alſo, with what face can I look upon
& gther Ladies, when 1 could never bring my Father to pity by any interceſſion I cgyld* make for my
« Husband, neither entreat my Husband tor my Father : and that my hap is to be*born a Daughter
&« 1nd Wife alwaies moſt unfortunate, and deſpiſed of mine own? And for my Husband, if he
& had any reaſon todo that he did, I then took ir from him, by raking your part, and proteſting a«
& 93inft him : and. certainly your ſelf doth give him honeſt colour to excuſe his fault, when he ſeeth
& in you the deſire of the Kingdom ſo great, that. for the love thereof, you think ic lawfull to kill
« your Son-in-law ; and alſo not to regard the children he hath gotten, for her ſake. Cheloris pi-
tifully complaining in this ſort, putting her face upon '{leombrorus head, caſt her ſwollen and blub-
bered eyes upon the ſtanders by. Wherefore Leonidas after he had talked a little with his friends, he! The banith.
commanded Cleombrotus to. get him thence, and to leave the Ciry as anexile : and prayed his Daugh-. Fc _—_
ter for his ſake ro remain with him, and not to forſake her Father, that did ſo dearly love her, as tor Shanks"
her ſake he had ſaved her Husbands life. This notwithſtanding, ſhe would not yield to his requeſty
but riſing up with her Husband, gave bim one of his Sons, and her felf rook the other in her arms .
and then making her prayer before the Altar of the goddeſs, ſhe went as a baniſhed woman away;
with her Husband: And truely the example of .her vertue was fo famous, that if Cleombrotus mind; The great ver-
had not been too much blinded with vain glory, he had cauſe to think his exile far more happy, te and love of
to ehjoy the love of ſo noble a Wife as he had, then for the Kingdom which he poſſeſſed without ©Þ*!onir,tober
her, Then Leonidas having baniſhed King Cleombrortus out of the City, and removing the firſt E-., Nacboud Cle=
phores, had ſubſtituted other in their places, he preſently berhought him how he might crafrily come _
by King egis: Firſt, he perſwaded him to come out of the Sanctuary, and to govern the King-
dom ſately with him, declaring unto hica that his Citizens had forgiven him all that was paſt, be-
cauſe they knew he was deceived, and ſubtilly circumvented by Ageſilaus craft, being a young man,
ambitious of honour. Agis would not leave the SanQtuary for Leonidas cunning perſwaſion, bur
miſtruſted all that he ſaid unto him. Wherefore Leonidas would no more beguile him with fair words.
But Amphares, Demochares and Arceſilaus, did oftentimes go to viſit King Agss , and otherwhile
alſo they got him out of the SanRtuary with them unto the Bath, and brought him back again into
the Temple, when he had bathed. But Amphares having borrowed not long before , certain rich
Apparell and Plate of Ageſiſtrata, becauſe he would not re-deliver them again, he determined to be- Amphares be.
tray King Ag, his Mother and Grandmother. And it is reported that he chiefly did ſerve Leonidas *rayerh King
turn, = provoked the Ephores (of which number he was one) againſt 4gis. Now therefore, As Agir.
m_— the reſt of his time within the Temple, ſaving when he went upon occaſion to the Bath,
they determined to intercept him by the way, and to take him when he was out of the Sanctuary, So
=> watched him one day when he came and bathed, and came and ſaluted him as their manner was,
ſeemed to accompany him, ſporting and being merry with him, as with a young man their familiar,
Bur when they came to the turning of a ſtreer that went towards the Priſon, Amphares laying hold
on' him, being one of the Ephores, faid unto him : I arreſt thee Ag, and will bring thee betore the
Ephores, to give account of thy doings in the Commonwealth. Then Demochares which was a great
mighty man, caft his Gown over his ears, and pulled him forward : others alſo thraſt him forward
ind him, as had agreed together, So no man being near them to help Ag, they got King Agi:
bim into Priſon. came Leonidas incontinently with a great number of Souldiers that were cartiedto pri.
ſtrangers, and beſet the Priſon round abour. The Ephores went into the Priſon, and ſent unto ſome ſon.
of the Senate to come to them, whom they knew to be of their mind : then they commanded Ag,
as if it had been judicially, to give account of the alteration he had made in the CY
LII e
668
Note the reve-
rent regard of
the Heathen
unto the per-
{on of a King,
abhorring to
lay violent
hands
him.
oy Aegis, his
Mother and
Grandmother,
all three ſtran.
pled,
The Enemies
did notwilling-
ly kill any
King of Lace-
demon,
TT... the King of Sy ar TA might yer be heard and judged by the People, For this cauſe
AGIS and CLEOMEN,ES.
The young man laughed at their hypocrifie, But «1 mphares told bim, that it was no laughing
and og ſhould pay for his folly. . Then another of the Ephores ſeeming to deal —_ ts
bly with him, and to ſhew him a way how he might eſcape the condemnation for his fault, asked
him if he had not been enticed unto it by e-Ageſilaws and Lyſander. eA g# anſwered, that no man
compelled him,- but that he onely did it to follow the ſteps of the ancient Zycargws, to bring the
Commonwealth unto the former eſtate of his grave Ordinance and Inftitution, Then theſame Se-
nator asked him'again, if he did not repent him of chat he had done. The young man boldly an-
ſwered him, that he would never repent him of ſo wiſe and vertuous an enterpriſe, though he ven-
tured his life for it. Then they condemned him to death, and commanded the Serjeants to car
him into the Decade, which was a place in the Priſon where they were ſtrangled that were condem-
ned todie. Demochares perceiving the Serjeants durſt not lay hold on him, and likewiſe that the
Souldiers which were ſtrangers, did abhor to commit ſuch a fa&t contrary to the Law of God and
man, to lay violent hands upon the Perſon of a King, he threatned and reviled them, and dragged
eAgw perforce into that place called the Decade. Now the rumour ran ſtraight through the Chty,
that King eAgs was taken, and a multitude of People were art the Priſon doors with Lights and
Torches. Thither came alſo King eAgs Mother and Grandfather, ſhrieking out, and Praying that
haſtened
his death the ſooner, and were afraid befides, leſt the People inthe night would take him S of their
hands-by force, if there came any more People thicher, Thus King eg being led to his death,
ſpied a Sergeant lamenting and weeping for him, unto whom he ſaid : Good fellow, 1 pray thee
weep not for me, for 1 am an honeſter man then they that ſo ſhamefully pur me to death ; and
with thoſe words he willingly put his head into the halter. ,mphares then going out of the Priſon
into the ſtreet, found eAyeſi/trata there, King eAgs Mother, who ſtraight fell down at his feet ;
but he raking her up again, in ol& familiar manner, as being her very friend , told her that they
fhould do King eAg no hurt, and that ſhe might if ſhe would, goand ſee him. Then ſhe prayed
chat they would alfo let her Mother in with her. Amphares ſaid : With a good will : and ſo put them
both into the Priſon-houſe, and made the doors be ſhut after them. But when they were within,
he firſt gave cArchidamia unto the Serjeants to be put ro death, who. was a marvellous old woman,
and had lived more honourably unto that age-then any Lady or Matron befide her in the City, She
being execured, he commanded Ageſiſtrata alſo to come in, Who when ſhe ſaw the body of her
dead Son layed on the ground, and her Mother alſo hanging on the Gallows, ſhe did her (elf
help the Hangman to pluck her down, and layed her body oy her Sons. Then having covered
her in decent manner , ſhe layed her down on the ground by .the Corps of her Son Ags,
and kiſſing his cheek, ſaid : Out alas my Son , thy great modeſty , goodneſs, and clemency,
' brought thee and us unto this death. Then Amphares peeping in at the door, to ſee what was done,
bearing what ſhe ſaid, came in withall in a great rage, and ſaid : I perceive that:thou haſt alſo been
of counſell with thy Son, and fithence it is 10, thou (ſhalt alſo follow him, Then the riſing alſo
to be ſtrangled, ſaid : The gods grant yet that this may profit SpaxTA. This horrible murder
being blown abroad in the City, and the three dead bodies alſo brought out of Priſon, the fear
though it were great amongſt che People, could not keep them back from apparent ſhew of grief,
and manifeſt hate apainſt Leonidas and Amphares, thinking that there was never a more wicked and
crueller fat commitred in Sya&T a, fince the Dokxtans came to dwell in PE&LOPONNESUsS,
For the very Enemies themſelves in Battle, would not willingly lay hands upon the Kings of La-
CED&MON, but did forbear as much as they could poflible, both for fear and reverence they
bare unto their Majeſty. For in many great Battles and Conflicts which the LaczpamoNi-
a Ns had againſt the GRecrans, there was never any King of LactpanmQn lain before
Philips time, but (leombrotw« onely , who was flain with a Dart at the Batile of LeucTxss.
Some write alfo that the MEs51N14aNs hold opinion, that there Ariſtomenes flew T heopompus:
howbeir the LaczDamON1Aans faid, that he was but hurt, not flain, But hereof there are di-
vers opinions : but it is certain that Ag was the firſt King whom the Ephores ever put td death;
- for that he had: layed a plot of a noble device, and worthy of SyART a, being of that age when
Here begin-
neth-Cleomencs
Life,Cleomenes
the Son of Leo-
nidas.
Agiatis the
Daugheer of
Gylippus , and
Wife of King
is.
Agiatis King
Agit Wite ,
married unto
Cleomencs.
men do eaſily pardon them that offend : and was rather to be accuſed of his friends then of bis
enemies, becauſe he had ſaved Leonidas life, and had trufted other men, as the beſt natured young
man that could be. : |
Now Ag having ſuffered in this ſort, Leonidas was not quick enough to take Archidamms his Bro-
ther alſo, for he fled preſently : yet he brought 4gis Wife out of her houſe by force, with a little
boy ſhe had by him, and married her unto his Son Cleomenes, who was yet under age to . fear-
ing left this young Lady ſhould be beſtowed elſewhere, being indeed a great Heir,and of a rich Houſe,
and the Daughter of Gylippme, called by her name gia , belides that, ſhe was the faireſt woman
at that time in all Gxz te cs, and rhe vertuouſeſt, and beft conditioned. Wherefore for divers re-
ſpecs ſhe prayed ſhe might not be forced to it. But now being at length married with Clzomernes,
ſhe ever hared Leonidas rothe death, and yet was 2 good and loving Wife unto her young Husband,
who immediately after he was married unto her, fell greatly in with her, and for compaſſion
ſake (as it feemed) he thanked her for the love ſhe bare unto her firſt Husband , and for the [0-
ving remembrance ſhe had of him, inſomuch as be himſelf many times would fall in talk of it, and
would: be inquifftive how things had paſſed, taking great pleaſure to hear of {gs wiſe coun-
ſel] and purpoſe, For Clromenes was as defirous of honour, and had as noble a mind as Ag®»
and
AGIS and CLEOMENES.
bl
669
and was born alſo to temperance, and-moderation of life, as vAyiv inlike manner was + howbeir, he
had not that ſhameſaſt modeſty atil leniry whichthe other bad, burwas ſomewhat more ſtirring of
nature, and readiet to ptr any goed inane in'execution, So he thought 'x good boneſty to bring
the Citizens (if he could) ro be' cantetved 10 Jive after. an honeſt ſox £ but comratily, he chovghc
it no diſhoneſty to bring themunto:good lite, by IE Furthermore, the manners of
the Citizensof' Se anxT a givmgtbemletves over. tw itlleneſs and'pleaſure, did nothing like him at
all ; neicher that the King did. Gafter ithe Commonwealth co beruled as they liſted, ſo no man im-
peached his pleaſure, and that rhey did fer him-'onet nforweh as no ran regarding the profit of
the Commonwealth, every man was for himfels and his Family, And contrarily , it was not law-
fullfor any man to {peak tor uhe exerciſes of the yourh, for their education in temperance, and for
the reſtoring again of equality of tite, the preforment whereof was the onely cauſe of the late death
of Ag. They lay alſo, that: Clroomenes being a young ſtripling, had heard ſoine-diſpuration of
Philo{ophy, when the Philoſopher .Spharas, of tle Tountrey of Bogys THEN Es, Cameto La ct-
DAMON, and lovingly ftayed here:xo teach young men and chitdren. He was one of the chiefeſt
Scholars of Zenon Cit1an, and delighted (as-it ſeemed ) in Cleomenes noble mind, and had a
great defire co prick him forward unto honour, For as it is reported, that the ancient Leonidas be-
ing demanded what Poet he thought Tyrrexs-to be, anſwered, he was good to flatter young mens
minds : for he ſet their hearts on fireby his Verſes; -when they began to fight any Bartle , fearing
no danger, they were ſo encouraged by them. $o the Stoick Diſcipline is ſomewhat dangerous,
for the ſtout and. valiant minds, which otherwiſe doth make deſperate ; and when they are joyned un-
to a grave and gentle nature, firſt it lifteth up his heart, and then maketh him taſte the profit there-
of, Now Leenidas (the Father of Cl:omenes,) being deceafed, and he himſelf alſo come unto the
Crown, finding that the Citizens of SyARTA at that time wete very difſolute, that the rich men
for very want and need, went with no good life and courage t6 the Wars, neither cared for the
bringing up of their children , and that he himſelf. had bur the name of a King, and the Ephori the
foes authoriry to do what they liſted ,, at his firſt coming to his Kingdom, he determined to alter
the whole State and Government of the Commonwealth, Who having a friend called Xezares, that
had been bis Lover in his youth (which the Laczp&xox1ans called Empniftte, as much as, in-
ſpired) he began to ſound his opinion, asking what manner of raw King Agis had been, and by
what reaſon, and whoſe adviee he had followed in his attempt, for ce refortnation of the Common-
wealth. Xenares at the firſt did not willingly rehearfe the thmgs unto itn, declaring every thing what
had paſſed. But when he found that Cleomenes was affected unrd King' Fg intent, and Rill defired
to hear of it, then Yenares ſharply and apgerly reproved him, and tofd him he was- not wiſe, nor
well adviſed : and at length would no more come and talk withhim as he was wont , yet making no
man privy why he abſtained from coming to him, bur told them that asked him, he knew a cauſe well
enough why. Xenares now having thus refuſed him, and thinking all the reft would do the like ; to
bring this martter to paſs, he rook this reſolution with himſelf, Betauſe he thought he might the
rather do it in War, than in Peace, he fer the City of SparTA and the AcHaia ns & variance
together, who did themſelves give the firſt occaſion to be complained upon. For Ararus being the
Preſident and chief of all the AcxAarans, had practiſed along time to bring all PzLopo NNE-
Sus into one body : and had therefore onely ſuſtained great troubles in Wars , and at home in
Peace: thinking that there was no other way to deliver them from forraign Wars. Now when
he had won all the other people ro be of his opinion, there remained no more but the Ertans,
the LaACEDAMONITANS, and a few of the ARCADIANs, which were ſubjet to the Lact-
DEMONIANS, When King Leonidas was dead, Aratus began to invade the Axcapians, thoſe
ſpecially that bordered upon the AxG1ves, to prove how the LaczDdamonians would take
it, making no account of (leomenes, being but a young King, and had no experience of Wars.
Thereupon the Ephors ſent Gleomenes unto ATH&N1um (a Temple of Afinerva hard by the City
of Be1B1N4A) with an Army to take it, becauſe it was a paſſageand entrey into the Countrey of
Laconia; howbeit the place atthat time was in queſtion betwixt the MEGaL1rotitans and
the LACEDAMONIANS. Cleomenes got it, and fortified it; Aratws making no complaint other-
wiſe of the matter, ſtole out- one night with his Army to ſer upon the TxG cans and Orcnont-
NIANS, hoping to have taken thoſe Cities by Treaſon, But the Traytors that were of the Confe-
deracy, their hearts failed them when they ſhould have gone about it; ſo that Arats returned, ha-
ving loſt his Journey, thinking that this ſecrer attempt of his was not diſcovered. But Cleomenes
knely wrote unto him as his friend, and asked him, whither he had led his Army by night. Aratus
returned anſwer again, that underſtanding {Teomenes meant to fortifie BELB1NA , he went forth
with his Army, thinking to have let him. Cleowenes wrote again unto him, and ſaid, he did be-
Ay which he ſpake was true : howbeit he earneſtly requeſted him (if it were no trouble to
im) to advertiſe him why he brought ſcaling-laders and lights after him. Ararxs ſmiling at this
mock, asked what this young man was. Democrites LACEDAMONIAN being a baniſhed man
out of his Countrey, anſwered : if thou haft any thing to do againſt the Laczpamonians,
thou hadſt need make haſte, before this young Cockrell have on his ſpurs. Then /Jeomenes being
n the Field in the Countrey of Axcan1a , with' a few Horſemen and three hundred Footmen
onely, the Fphors being afraid of Wars, ſent for him to return again, His back was no ſoon-
er turned, obeying their commandment , but e-£ratws ſuddenly took the Ciry of Ca "=? ES.
LI 2 ere-
Spharus a Phi.
lofopher of
Boryſthcnes.
followed their pleaſure and profit, taking no care for the Commonwealth, that the poor men alſo -
Cleomencs did
ſer the Laceds-
monians 2nd
Achaians roge-
ther by che
eags.
Go aaAGISani CLEOMENES.
Thereupon the | Ephors incontinently ſent C7eowenes baek again with his Army : who took the Foft
Cleomencs of METHYDR1uM, and burnt the Borders of the ARG1ves. The Ac#a1ans came againſt him
me Dn of with an Army of..twenty thouſand Footmen, anda thouſand Horſemen led by Ariftomachus. Cleo-
the Argives, menes met with them by the City of PALA NF 1um, and offered Battle. \ But Aratu; quaking at the
1 he ViRory of hardineſs of; this young man, would not ſuffer Ariſtomachus to: hazard Battle, but went his way
Cleomences a= _ derided by the'-AcHAiaNS, and-deſpiſed bythe La ceDaMoNIaNs, who in all were not above
gainſt Aratu. 4 thouſand fighting men. Clromenes courage being now lift up, and brayely ſpeaking to his Citi-
The ſaying of * Z*Ss he remembred them. of a. ſaying of oneof: their ancient Kings, that the LaczDamoNnians
the King of never enquired whar number their Enemies were, bur where they were. Shortly after the Acnar-
Lacedemon, ANS making. War with: the EL1aNS, Cleomenes was ſent toaid them, and met with the Army of
rouching their the AcHAIANS by the Mountain Lyceum, .as.they were in their. return ; he ſetting upon them,
Enemies. oye them the overthrow, ſlew a: great number of them, and took: many alſo Priſoners, that the ru-
mour ran throygh Gzz xc», how. 4ratw ſelf 'was lain. Cleomenes wiſely taking the occaſion
which this ViRory gave him: lie 'went- ſtraight -to, the City of ManTI1NEA, and taking it upon a
ſudden, when no man knew of his coming, be put aftrong Garriſon into it. Now the La ctp«mo-
NIANS hearts failing them, and. reſiſting Cleomenes. enterpriſes, over-wearying them with Wars,
he went about to ſend Archidamm, King Agis brother, being then at MEsS1Na, unto whom the
Kingdom of right. belonged by the other Houſe ; ſuppoſing that he ſhould eafily weaken the power
of the Ephores, by the Authority of the two Kings, if both of them joined rogether. Which when
the murtherers of King Ag underſtood, being afraid that Archidams returning from exile, he would
be revenged of them, they ſecretly received him into the City, and found the means to bring him in-
Archilemus $9 SPARTA," But when they had him, they put bim ſtraight to death, whether ir was unwitting to
King Agie Cleomenes (as Phylarchu plainly teſtifieth) or elſe.with his privity, ſuftering them ro make him away,
brother ſlain, by perſwaſton of his friends, . But it is a clear cafe, the City was burdened withall,” becauſe probable
matter fell out, 'that they had compelled Cleomenes to do it. Nevertheleſs, he holding till his firſt
determination, to alter the ſtate of the Commonwealth of SpART a, as ſoon as he could poſſible,
he ſo fed the Ephores with Money, that he brought them to be contented he ſhould make War, He
had alſo won many other Citizens by the means of his Mother Crareſiclea, who furniſht bim with
Money, that he lacked not to honour him withall-:- and further, married as it is reported ( though
otherwiſe ſhe -meantnot to marry) for her Sons ſake, unto one of the valianteſt men of all the City,
So. Cleomenes leading his Army into the Field, wan a place within the territory of Mt 6 a1 P0-
L1s, called. Leue Tr 4. The?AcHalans alſo being quickly come 'to their aid, led by Ararm,
they ſtraight fought a Battle by the City ſelf, where Cleomenes had the worſt on the one fide of his
Army. Howbeit . Aratzs| would not ſuffer the Acyarans to follow them, becauſe of bogs and
. Quavyemires, but ſounded the retreat. But Lyſiadas-a MEGALIPOLITAN being angry wathall,
; cauſed the Horſemen he had about him to follow the Chaſe, who purſued ſo fiercely, that rhey came
amongſt Vines, Walls and Ditches, where he was drivento diſperſe his men, and yet could not ger
out, Cleomenes perceiving-it, ſerit the light Horſemen of the TaxEnTINES and CRETANsS
Lyfixds fain, - 3Ainſt hinf*: of whom Lyſiadas valiantly fighting was flain. Then the Lact moNta Ns be-
Cleomenes- Vi- ing couragious for this Victory, came with great cries , and giving a fierce charge upon the Acrat-
Rory of the _ ANS, overthrew their whole Army, and ſlew a: marvellous number of them : but yet Cleomenes at
Achaians. their requeſt ſuffered them to take up the dead bodies of their men to bury them. For Lyſiads
pe flu T Corps, he cauſed it to be brought unto him, and putting -a Purple Robeupon it, and a Crown on
_— of M.p.. Þis bead, ſent it- in thisarray unto the very Gates of the City of MzGarreoLts, It was that
lipolis, — ſelf Lyſiadas, who giving over the Tyranny and Governmentof MEGAL1PeOL1s, made it a Po-
ver histyran- pular State, and free City, and joyned it tothe AcHaians. Affter this Victory, Cleomenes that
ny, and made determined greater matters and attempts, perſwaded himſelf that if he might once come to ſtabliſh
+ the Affairs of the Commonwealth at Sparta to his mind,. he might then eafily overcome the
veagi ACHAIANS, brake with his Father-in-law e Hegiftonus, and told him that it was neceſſary to take
away the Authority of the Ephores, and to make diviſion of the Lands among the SparTANS : and
then being brought ro equality, to encourage them to recover the Empire of GrzEcs. again unto
the LacEDAMONIANS , Which their Predeceſſors before them held and -enjoyed. Aegiſtonm
granting his good will and furtherance, joyned two or three of his friends moreunto him, 1t chan-
ced at that time, that one of the Ephores lying in the Temple of Paſiphae, had a marvellous dream
in the night. For he thought he ſaw but one Chair ſtanding where the Ephor: did uſe to fit to give
audience, and that the other four which were wont to be there, were- taken away; and that mar-
velling at it, he heard a voice out of the Temple that ſaid, That was the beſt for Sparta, Hede-
claring this Dream the next morning unto Cleomenes, it ſomewhat troubled himat the firſt, thinking
that he came to feel him, for that he had heard ſome inckling of his intent. But when he perſwaded
himſelf that the other meant good faith, and lied not unto him, being bolder then before, he wer:
forward with his purpoſe, and taking with him unto the Camp all choſe Sear T a ws which he
ſuſpected to be againſt his enterpriſe, he went and took the Cities of HERta and Arsza, Conte-
derates of the AcHA1ans, and victualled Or come na, and went and camped before the City of
MANTINEA, In fine, he ſo wearied and over-barried the LaczDamoNI1ans by long journeys,
that at length they beſought him he would let them remain in Axc a DI 4a, to repoſe themſelves there.
In the mean time, Cleomenes with his ſtrangers which he had hired, returned again unto SPAR-
T4, and imparted his intent by the way unto them he truſted beſt, and marched at his own _
| that
The Dream of
one of the E-
pbores.
AGIS and CLEOMENES.
671
that he might take the Ephores at ſupper. When he came near unto the City, he ſent Euryclidas be-'
tore, into the Hall of the Ephores, as though he brought them news our of the Camp from him. At-
ter him, he ſent alſo Thericon and Phabss, and two other that had been brought up with him, whom
the LaCED&MONIA NS called the SA MOTHRACIANS, taking with thema few Souldiers. Now
whilſt Exryclidas was talking with the Ephores, they alſo came in upon them with their Swords drawn,
and did ſer upon the Ephores. eAgeſilaus was hurt firſt of all, and falling down, made as though he
had been ſlain , bur by little and little he crept our of the Hall, and got fecretly into a Chappel con-
ſecrated unto Fear, the which was wont ever to be kept ſhut, but then by chance was left open : when
he was come in, he ſhur the door faſt ro him, The other four of the Ephores were (lain preſently,
and above ten moe beſides, which came to defend them. Furthermore, for them that fare ſtill and ſtir-
red not, they killed not a man of them, neither did keep any man that was defirous to go out of the Ci-
ty : but moreover, they pardoned Ageſs/ars, who came the next morning out of the Chappel of Fear:
Amongſt the Lac EDEMONIANS in the City of SPART a, there are not onely Temples of Fear and
Death, bur alſo of Laughter, and of many other ſuch paſſions of the mind. They do worſhip Fear,
not as Other ſpirics and devils that are hurtfull, bur becauſe they are perſwaded that nothing preſerverh
a Commonwealth better then fear. Wherefore the Ephors ( as Ariſtotle witneſſeth ) when they are
created, do by publick Proclamation command all the Sp arTANSs to ſhave their chins, and to obey
the Law, leſt they ſhould make them feel the rigour of the Law, They brought in the ſhaving of their
chins,/ in my opinion, to enure young men to obey the Magiſtrateseven in trifles. Moreover, it ſeems
that men in old time did eſteem fortitude to be no taking away of fear, but rather a fear and lothneſs
to incur ſhame, For commonly thoſe that are moſt afraid to offend the Law, are in the Field moſt va-
liant againſt their Enemies, and ſhun no perill tro win fame and honeft reputation, And therefore it
was wiſely laid of one :
T hat fear cannot be without ſhamefaſtnep..
And ſo Homer ina certain place made Helen ſay unto King Priamm :
Of truth I do confeſs dear father-in-law,
| Yonare the man of whom [ ſtand in aw,
And reverence moſt of all that ever 1 ſaw.
And in another place, ſpeaking of the Ga zc1an Souldiers, he faith thus :
For fear of their Captains they ſpake not a word.
For men do uſe to reverence them whom they fear. And this was the cauſe why the Chappel of Fear
was by the Hall ofthe Ephores, having in manner a Princely and abſolute Authority. The next mor-
ning {7eomenes baniſhed by Trumpet tourſcore Citizens of SpaRT a, and overthrew all the Chairs of
the Ephores but one onely, the which he reſerved for himſelf to fir in to give audience. Then calling
. the People to Councill, he gave them account of his doings, and told them that Zycxrgus bad joyned
the Senators with the Kings, and how the City had been governed a long time by chem, without help
of any other Officers. Notwithſtanding, afterwards the City having great Wars with the Mz $51-
NIANS, the Kings being always employed in that War, whereby they could nor attend the affairs of
the Commonwealth at home, did chooſe certain of their friends to fir in judgement in their ſteads,
to determine controverſies of Law, which were called Ephores, and did govern long time as the Kings
Miniſters; howbeit that afterwards by little and little, they took upon them abſolure government by
themſelves. And for manifeſt proof hereof, you ſee that at this preſent time when the Ephors do
ſend forthe King, the firſt and ſecond time he refuſeth ro come, but the third time he riſerh and goerh
unto chem, The firſt man that gave the Ephores this Authority, was eAſterops, one of the Epho-
res, many years after the firſt inſtitution of the Kings : and yer if they had governed diſcreetly, per-
adventure they might have continued longer. But they licentioully abuſing their own Authority, by
ſuppreſſing the lawfull Governours inſtituted of old time, taking upon them to baniſh ſome of their
Kings, and putting other of them alſo to death, without Law and Juſtice, and threatning others, thac
defire to reſtore that noble and former bleſſed Government unto Sy ART A again : all thefe things , I
ſay, are in no wiſe to be ſuffered any longer. And therefore if it had been poſlible ro have baniſhed
all theſe plagues of the Commonwealth out of SerARTA, brought from foraigne Nations ( I
mean, Pleaſures, Paſtimes, Money, Debts, and Uſuries, and others yet more ancient, Poverty and
Riches) he might then have efteemed himſelf the happieſt King that ever was, if like a good Phyſici-
an he had cured his Countrey in that infe&tion, without grief or ſorrow. But in that he was con-
ſtrained to begin with blood, he followed Lycxrgas example, who being neither King nor other Magi-
ſtrate, but a private Citizen onely, taking :upon him the Authority of the King, boldly came into
the Market-place with force and armed men, and made King Charilazs that then reigned ſo afraid,
that he was driven to take Sanctuary in one of the Temples. But the King being a Prince of a no-
ble nature, and loving the honour of his Countrey, took part with Lycargs, adding to , his ad-
vice and counſell, for the alteration of the ſtate of the Government of the Commonwealth , which
he did confirm, Hereby then it appeareth, that Zycurgus ſaw it was a hard thing to alter the Com-
monwealth without force and fear : the which he norwuhſtanding had_uſed with as great modeſty
and diſcretion as might be poſſible, baniſhing them that were againſt the profit and wealth of La-
CEDAMON, given all the Lands of the Countrey alfo to be equally divided amongſt them, and
ſetting all men clear that were in debt. And furthermore, that he would make a choice and proof
of the ſtrangers, to make them free Citizens of SyarTA whom he knew to be boneft men,
Lll 3 thereby
Cleomenes (len
the Epborcs.
Divers 1em-
ples at Sparta,
ot Fear, Death,
and luch other
fancies,
The valianteſt
men are moſt
afraid ro offend
the Law,
The Chappel
of Fear joined
to the Hall of
the Ephores.
The O-: ation
otKing Cleo-
menes touching
the firlt Origi.
nal of the E-
phores.
Aſtcropus the
firſt man thar
gave authority
to the Ephores .
—
7 AGIs and CLEOMENES.
— —_— — ———
thereby to defend their City the better by force of Arms : to the end that from thenceforth we may
no more ſee our Countrey of LacoN14 ſpoiled bythe &ToLtans and ILLYRIans, for lack
Cleomenes re- of men to defend themſelves againſt them. Then he began firſt himſelf to make all the goods common,
formerh che and after him. 2egsſtonus his Father-in-law, and conlequently all bis other friends. Then he cauſed
ſtare of the the Laridalſo to bedivided, and ordained every baniſhed man a part, whom he himſelf had exiled,
C—_ 716. Promiſing that ke would receive them again into the City, when he had eſtabliſhed all things. So
demon. when he had repleniſhed the number of the Citizens of Sy ar 4, with the choiceſt honeſt men their
neighbours, he made four thouſand Footmen well armed, and taught them to uſe their Pikes with
both hands, in ſtead of "their Darts with one hand, and to carry their Targets with a good ſtrong
handle, and not buckled with a leather thong. Afterwards he took order tor the education of chil-
dren, and to reſtore the ancient La conan Diſcipline again: and did all theſe things in manner by
the help of Spherus the Philoſopher. Inſomuch as he had quickly ſet up again School-houſes for
children, and alſo brought them to the old order of diet : and all but a very few, without compulſion
were willing to fall to their old inſtitution of life. Then becauſethe name of one King ſhould not ot-
fend any man, he made his Brother Euclidas King with him, Bur this was the firſt time that ever
the two Kings were of one Houſe but then. Furthermore , underſtanding that the Acyarans
and eAratwus were of - opinion, that he durſt not come out of Laczpamon, for fear to leave it m
perill of revolting, becauſe of the late change and alteration in the Commonwealth , be thought ic
an honourable attempt of him to make his Enemies ſee the readineſs and good will of his Army,
Cleoments in- Thereupon he invaded the Teritories of the MEGAL1POLITANS , and brought away a great
vadeth the prey: and booty, after he had done great hurt unto his Enemies, Then having taken certain Players
_— nm and Minſtrels that came from MEzsS1Na, he fer upa ſtage within the Enemies Countrey, rgade a
TTL: game of forty Mina's for the Victor, and fate a whole day to look upon them, for no pleaſure he took
1n the ſight 0; it, but moreto deſpight the Enemies withall, in making them ſee how much he was ſtron-
ger then they to make ſucha maygame in their own Countrey, in deſpight of them, For otherwiſe
of all the Armies ofthe Gxec1ans, or Kings inall GxEtcE, there was no Army but his onely,
that was without Players, Minſtrels, Fools and Juglers : for his Camp onely was clean of ſuch rabble
and foolery, and all the young men fellto ſome exerciſe of their bodies, and the old men alſo to teach
them. And if they chanced to have any vacant time, then they would pleaſantly be one merry with a-
nother, in giving ſome pretty fine mock after theLacoN1AN manner, And what profitthey got by
King Cleome- that kind of exerciſe, we have written it at large in Lycxrg us Life, Burt of all theſe things, the King
nes the teacher himſelf was their Schoolmaſter and example, {hewing himſelf very temperate of life, and plain with-
-_ xomple of out curioſity, no more then any private Souldier of all his Camp : the which were great helps unto
Perete®® him inhisenterprizes he madein Gxzzcs. For the GxEc1ans having cauſe of ſuit and negoti-
ation with other Kings and Princes, did not wonder ſo much at their pomp and riches, as they did ab-
hor anddeteſt their pride and inſolency ; ſo diſdainfully they would anſwer them that had to do with
chem. But contrarily when they went unto Cleomenes, who was a King in name and deed as they were,
finding no purple Robes nor ſtately Mantles, nor rich embroidered Beds, nor a Prince to be ſpoken to
but by Meſſengers, Gentlemen-uſhers, and ſupplications, and yet with a great ado : and ſeeing him alſo
come plainly apparelled unto them, with a good countenance, and courteoully anſwering che matters
they came for : he thereby did marvcllouſly win their hearts and good wills, that when they returned
Clepmenes mo- home, they ſaid he onely was the worthy King that came of the race of Hercules, Now for his diet at
derate diet. his board, that was very ſtraight and Lac oN1a N-like, keeping onely three boards : and if he chan-
cedto feaſt any Ambaſſadors or other his friends that came to ſee him, he then added to, two other
boards ; and beſides made his men ſee that his fare ſhould be amended, not with paſtry and conſerves,
but with more ſtore of meat, and ſome better wine then ordinary. For he one day reproved one of
his friends, that bidding ſtrangers to ſupper, he gave them nothing but black broth, and brown bread
onely, according to the LacoNIAN manner, Now, ſaid he, we muſt not uſe ſtrangers ſo hardly at-
ter our manner, The Board being taken up, another little Table was brought with three feet, where-
upon they ſet a bowl of Copper full of wine, and two filver cups of a bottle a piece, and certain other
few ſilver pots beſides : ſo every man. drank what they liſted, and no man was forced to drink more
then he would. Furthermore, there was no ſport, nor any pleaſant ſong ſung to make the company
Cleomences Merry, for it needed not. For Cleomenes ſelf would entertain them with ſome pretty queſtion or
courteous en- Pleaſant tale ; whereby as his talk was not ſevere and without pleaſure, ſo was it alſo pleaſant with-
tertainment ar Out inſoJency. For he was of opinion, that to win men by gifts or money, as other Kings and Princes
his board, = did, was but baſe and clown-like ; but to ſeek their good wills by courteous means and pleaſantneſs,
and therewith to mean good faith, that he thought moſt fit and honourable for a Prince. For this was
his mind, that there was no other difference betwixt a friend and hireling, but that the one is won with
Money, and the other with civility and good entertainment. The firſt therefore that received =
Cleomenes into their City, werethe MANTINEANS, who opened him the Gates in the night,
helping him to drive out the Garriſon of the AcHarans, they yielded themſelves unto him. But be
referring them to the uſe and government of their own Laws and liberty,, departed from thence the
Cleomenes1ead- ſame day, and went unto the City of TxGEza. Shortly after he compaſſed about Axcap1a,
eth his Army came unto PHERES in ARCA DI1a, determining one of the two, either to give the ACHA1ANS
y”- mo Battle, or to bring eAratx out of favour with the People, for that he had ſuffered him to ſpoil and
one te £6289” deftroy their Countrey. Hyperbaras was at that time General of the Ac#arans, but eAratw
dN bear all the ſway and authority. Then the Acyaians coming into the Field with _
| People
ans.
AGIS and CLEOMENES.
673
People armed, and encamping by the City of DYMzs, near unto the Temple of Hecatombeum,
Cleomenes goingthither, lay betwixt the City of Dy xs that was againſt him, and the Camp of his
Enemies ; which menthought a very unwiſe part of him, Howbeit, valiantly provoking the Ac a-
IANS, he procured them to the Battle, overthrew them , made them fly, and flew a great number
in the Field, and took many of them alſo priſoners. Departing from thence, he went and fer upon
the City of LanGoN, and drave'the Garriſon of the Ac#aians out of it, and reſtored the Ciry
again unto the EL1ans. The ACHAIANS being then in very hard ſtate, Aratus that of eu-
ſtom was wont to be their General (or at the leaſt once in two years) refuſed now to take the
charge, notwithſtanding the AcHaians did ſpecially pray and entreat him , the which was an ill
a& of him, to leranother ſteer the rudder, in \o dangerous a ſtorm and tempeſt, Therefore the A-
CHAIANS ſent Ambaſſadors unto Cleomenes to treat of peace, unto whom ir ſeemed he gave a very
ſharp anſwer. After that, he ſeat unto them, and willed them onely to reſigne the Seigniory of
GREECS unto him; and that for all other matters he would deal reaſonably with them, and pre-
ſently deliver them up their Towns and Priſoners again, which he had taken of theirs, The AcHa-
IANS beingglad of peace with theſe conditions, wrote unto Cleomenes that he ſhould come unto the
City of Le « na, where the diet and generall aſſembly ſhould be kept to conſult thereon, It chanced
then that (Jeomenes marching thither, being very hot, drank cold water, and fell on ſuch a bleeding
withall, that his voice was taken from him, and he almoſt ſtifled. Wherefore he ſent the Acnai-
ANS their chiefeſt priſoners home again, proroguing the Parliament till another cime, and returned
back to LaceDamoNn. It is ſuppoſed certainly, that this let of his coming to the diet, was the
onely cauſe of the utter deſtrution of GREECE : the which otherwiſe was in good way to have
riſen again, to have beendelivered from the preſent miſeries, and extream pride and covetouſne!s
of the MactDonians, For Aratw, either for that he truſted not Cleomenes , or for that he
was afraid of his power, or that he otherwiſe envyed his honour and proſperity, to ſee himriſen to
ſuch incredible greatneſs in ſo ſhort a time; and thinking ir alſo too great ſhame and diſhonour to
him, to ſuffer this young man in a moment to deprive him of his great honour and power, which he
had poſſeſſed fo long time, by the ſpace of thirty years together , ruling all Gxzzcs : firſt he
ſonghr by force to terrifie the ACHA1ANs, and to make them break off from this peace, Burt in
fine, finding that they little regarded his threats, and that he could not prevail with chem, for that
they were afraid of Cleomenes valiantneſs and courage , whoſe requeſt they thought unreaſonable,
for that he ſought but to reſtore PELoyO NNESUS unto her former ancient ſtate again : he fell
then into a praCtiſe far unhoneſt for a GREc1 AN, very infamous for himſelf, but moſt diſhonou-
rable for the former noble as he had done. For he brought Antigonus into GrE EcE, and in his
age filled the Countrey of PELopoNNESUS with MA ceDONIA NS , whom he himſelf in his
youth had driven thence, had taken from them the Caſtle of Cox1NTH, and had alwaies been an
enemy of the Kings : but ſpecially of Antigonus, of whom before he had ſpoken all the ill he could,
as appeareth in his writings, ſaying that he rook marvellous pains, and did put himſelf into many
dangers, to deliver the City of ATHENS from the Garriſon of the MActEDOx1ans, And yet
notwithſtanding be brought them armed with his own bands, not into his Countrey onely, but into
his own houſe, yea even into the Ladies chambers and cloſets: diſdaining that the King of Lacz-
DEMON, deſcending of the blood-royal of Hercules (who ſetting up again the ancient manner of
life of l»s Countrey, did temper it as an inſtrument of muſick out of tune, and brought it to the good,
ancient, and ſober diſcipline, and Dok1 cAN life inſtituted by Lycar gs) ſhould be called and written
King of the S1cYoNians, and of the TR1cc&1axns. And furthermore, flying them that were
contented with brown bread, and with the plain courſe caps of the LaczvanoNnians, and that
went about to take away riches (which was che chiefeſt matter they did accuſe Cleomenes for) and to
provide for the poor, he went and put himſelf and all Ac#a1a unto the Crown and Diadem, the
purple robe, and proud imperious commandment of the MactpoNn1ans, fearing left men ſhould
think that Cleomenes could command him, Furthermore his folly was ſuch, that having Garlands
of Flowers on his head, he did ſacrifice unto Antigonns, and ling Songs in praile of his honour, asif
he had been a god, where he was but a rotten man conſumed away. This that we have written of
eAratus (who was endued with many noble vertues, and a worthy GREC1AN) is not ſo much to
accuſe him, as to make us ſee the frailty and weakneſs of mans nature ; the which, chough it have
never ſo excellent vertues, cannot yet bring forth ſuch periect fruit, bur thar it hath ever ſome maim
and blemiſh. Now when the Acyarians were met again in the City of ArGos, to hold the
Seſſion of their Parliament before prorogued, and Cleomenes alſo being come from TzG tA, to be
at that Parliament, every man was in hope of good peace, But eAratus then, who was agreed be-
fore on the chiefeſt Articles of the Capitulations with a— fearing that Cleomenes by fair
words or force would cauſe the People to bring that he deſired, ſent to let him underftand, that
he ſhould but come himſelf alone into the Ciry, and for ſafery of his perſon, they would give
him three hundred Hoſtages: or otherwiſe, if be would not leave his Army, that then they would
give audience withour the City, in the places of exerciſes, called Cyllarabium. When Cleomenes
had heard their Anſwer, he told them they had done him great wrong ; for they ſhould have ad-
vertiſed him of ic before he had taken his journey, and not now when he was almoſt hard & their
Gates, to ſend him back again , with a flea in his ear. Thereupon he wrote a Letter unto
the Council of the Aciatans , altogether full of complaints againſt Arat#s. On the other
fide alſo, Aratus in his Oration to . - Council, inveighed with bitter words againſt —_—
re-
The Victory
of Clcomene:s
againſt che
Achaitns.
Aratus treaſon
to his Coufte
trey.
_—
AGIS and CLEOMENES.
Thereupon {leomenes departing with ſpeed, ſent an Herauld to proclaim Wars againſt the Ac a 1-
ANS, not inthe City .of ArGos, but in the City of &G10N (as Aratwwriteth) meaning to ſet
upon them being unprovided. Hereupon all AcHA 14 was in an uprore : for divers Cities did pre-
ſently revolt againſt the AcHa1ans, becauſe the commort People hoped after the diviſion of Lands,
and diſcharging of their debts. The Noblemen alſo in many places were offended with eAratws, be-
' cauſe he practiſed to bring the MacEDo NIANS into the Countrey of P:LOroNNESUS., Clev-
Cleomenes
winneth the
City of Argos.
King Pyyrhus
flain ar the
City of Argos.
The force of
Lycurgus Laws.
menes therefore hoping well for all theſe reſpets, brought his Army into Ac# a 14, and at his firſt
coming took the City of PALLENA, and drave out the Garriſon of the AcHarans : and after
that, wan alſo the Cities of PHENEumM and PANTELIuM, Now the AcHalans fearing ſome
treaſonin Cox1NTH and S1CYONE, ſent certain Horſemen out of the City of ArGos, to keep
thoſe Cities, The ARG1ves inthe mean time, attending the celebration of the Feaſt at the Games
Nemeea, Cleomenes thinking (which fell out true) that if he went to ArGos , he ſhould find the
City full of People that were come to ſee the Feaſts and Games, and that affailing them upon the (ud-
den, he ſhould put them in a marvellous fear : brought his Army in the night hard to the Walls of
the City of AxGos, and at his firſt coming wan a place they called Aſpis, a very ſtrong place abour
the Theatre, and ill ro come unto, The ArG1ves were ſo amazed at it, that no man would take
upon him to defend the City, but received Cleomenes Garriſon, and gave him twenty Hoſtages, pro-
miſing thenceforth to be true Confederates unto the LaczpamoNIans , under his charge and
condut, The which doubtleſs wan him great fame, and encreaſed his power : for that the ancient
Kings of La cED&MoN, could never before with any policy or device, win the City of ArGos.
for King Pyrrh4 one of the moſt valianteſt and warlikeſt Princes that ever was, entring the City of
ARGos by force, could not keep it, but was {lain there, and the moſt part of his Army : whereby
every man wondered greatly at the diligence and counſel of Cleomenes. And where every man did
mock him before, when Cleomenes ſaid that he would follow Solon and Lycargus, in making the Ci-
tizens Goods common, and diſcharging all debts : they were then clearly perſwaded, that he onely
was the cauſe and mean of thar great change which they ſaw in the courage of the Sear & ws,
who were before ſo weak and out of heart, that they having no courage to defend themſelves, the
ATOLIANS entring LacoNIAa with an Army, took away at one time fifty thouſand Slaves.
Whereupon an old man of SearT a pleaſantly ſaid at that time, that their Enemies had done them
a great pleaſure, to rid their Countrey of La coN1a of ſuch a rabble of raſcals. Shortly after, they
being entred again into the former ancient Diſcipline of Lycargus, as if Lycurgus ſelf had been
alive to have trained them unto it, they (hewed themſelves very valiant, and obedient alſo unto their
Magiſtrates , whereby they recovered again the commandment of all Gxzzcz, and the Coun-
trey alſo of PELOPONNESUS, After Cleomenes had taken the City of ArGos, the Cities alſo
of CLeONEs and PHL1uNTH, did yield themſelyes unto him, «rats in the mean time remai-
ned at CORINTH, and there did bufily accuſe rhem which were ſuſpe&ted to favour the Lactp-
MONIANS, But when news was brought him that AxGos was taken, and that he perceived
alſo the Ciry of Corx1nTH did lean unto Cleomenes part, and drave away the AcHaians, he
then calling the People to Council in Corx1 NTH, ſecretly ſtole to one of the Gates of the City,
and. cauſing his horſe to be brought unto him, took his back, and gallopped for life unto the C ity
of SicyoNE, When the CorINTHIANS heard of it, they took their Horſebacks alſo, ſtri-
ving who ſhould be there ſooneſt, and poſted in ſuch haſte unto Cleomenes at the Ciry of ArG0s,
that many of them (as Aratu writeth) killed their Horſes by the way : howbeit Cleomenes was very
much offended with them, for that they had let him ſcape their hands. But eAratws ſaith further,
that e Magiſtonus came to him from Cleomenes, and offered him'a great ſum of Money to deliver
him the Caftle of Coxr1NnTH, wherein there was a great Garriſon of the AcHa1tans. But he an-
ſwered again, that things were not in his power, but rather that he was ſubje& to their power. Now
Cleomenes departing from the City of AxGos, overcame the TROEZENIANS , the Ep1Dau-
RIANS, and the HERMION1ANS, After that he came unto CoR1NnTH , and preſently intren-
ched the Caſtle there round about , and ſending for Aratus friends and fa&tors, commanded them
to keep his houſe and goods carefully for him ; and ſent 7ryt:mallus MESS1 NAN again unto bim, to
pray him to be contented that the Caſtle might be kept indifferently betwixt the Ac#aians and
LacED&AMONIANS, promiſing him privately to donble the Penſion that King Prolomy gave
him. But eAratus refuſing it, ſent his Son unto eAntigonus with other Hoſtages, and periwaded
the AcCHAraNs to deliver up the Caſtle of CorinT n into Antigonus hands. Cleomenes under-
ſtanding it, entred with his Army into the Countrey of the S1cyoNn1ans, and deſtroyed it 35
he went, and took eAratus Goods and Money of the gift of the ContnTHIANs by Decree,
Now eAntigonus in the mean time being paſſed the Mountain of Gerania with a great Power,
Cleomenes determined not to fortifie the IsTHmus or the Straight of PELoPoNNEsSus, but the
wales of the Mountains of Onienes ; determining to keep every one of them 'againſt the Mac £-
DONIANS, With intent to conſume them rather by time, then to fight: a Battle with an Army ſo
good Souldiers, and well trained as they were, Cleomenes following this determination, did put An-
r1g0n14 to great trouble, becauſe he had not in time provided for Corn, and could not win the paſ-
ſage by force, for that: Cleomenes keſit it with ſuch Guard and Souldiers. Then eAntigonw ſteal-
ing ſecretly into the Haven of Le cazum, he was ſtoutly repulſed, and loſt a number of his men:
whereupon C leomenes and his men being RE for this Victory, went quietly to ſupper. e11-
tigonns on-the other fide fell into deſpair, to ſee him brought by neceſſity into ſuch hard tearms,
: " Wherefore
AGIS.and CLEOMENES.
—
”
"675
Wherefore he determined to goto the Temple of Juno, and from thence to paſs his Army by Sea
into the City of -$1cYoNE, the-which required a long time, and great preparation. Bur the ſame
night thetecame ſome of eAzates friends: of the ARG1vzs, who. coming from ArGos by Sea,
brought news that” the AR G1VE$Sv Were rebelled: againſt Cleomens;.; The praRtiſer of this rebellion
was one Ariſtateles, who eaſily.brought the People unto it, that were already offended wich Cleo-
menes, that had promiſed to:peſs a Law for theiclearing of debts, bur performed it not according to
«their expeQarion. Wherefore,.,eAratus with a thouſand and; five bundred men which Antigonus
gave him, wentby Sea unto EPIDAURUM, Howbeit Ar/toteles tarried not his coming, but taking
them of the City with him, wentand befieged the Garriſon of the Laczpamoyniaxs within the
Caſtle, being aided by T:moxenw, with the /ACHAIANS that came from S1cyONE. Cleomenes
receiving advertiſement hereof, about the ſecond Watch of the night, ſent for Megiſtonas in haſte,
and commanded -him in anger ſpeedily to. go and. aid their men that were in the City of ArGos.
For it was Megrſtonus himſelf that promiſed Cleomenes the fidelity of the AkG1ves, and that
kept him from driving them out'of the Ciry, which he ſuſpected. So ſending him away forthwith
with two thouſand men, he attended eAntzgonns, and comforted the CoxinTmiaNns the beſt
he could : advertiſing them that-it was bur a lictle mutiny of a few, that chanced in the City of
ARGOS. Megiſtonus being come to ARG0os , and ſlain in Battle, fighting for the Lactbz-
MONIANS in Garriſon there (who being in great diſtreſs, and ſcant able to keep the Caſtle againſt
-the Enemies). ſent ſundry Meſſengers unto Cleomenes, to pray him to ſend them immediate aid.
Cleomenes then being afraid that the Enemies army taking ARGOS, would ſtop his way to return
back into his Countrey, who having opportunity ſafely to ſpoil Lacox1a, and alſo to beliege
the' City ſelf of SyaRT a that had but a few men to defend it, he departed with his Army from
CorinTHi. Immediately after came Antigonus and took it from him, and put a ſtrong Garri-
ſon into it, When Cleomenes came before the City of AxGos, he ſcaled the Walls, and breaking
the Vaults and Arches of the place called Aſpis; entred into the City, and joyned with his Garriſon
there, which yet reſiſted the ACHATANS :.and taking other parts of the ſame alſo , aſſaulted
the Walls, and cleared the ftreets in ſuch ſort, that not an Enemy durſt be ſeen , for fear of
the Archers of the CRETans, Jn the mean time, when he ſaw Antigonas afar off, coming
down the hills into the Valley: with his Footmen , and that his Horſemen alſo came upon the
ſpur into the City, deſpairing then that he could any longer keep it, be gathered all his men
together , and fately going down by the Walls, retired without loſs of any man. So, when in
ſhort time he had conquered much, and had almoſt won all within P&LopoNNEsus , in ſhor-
ter ſpace alſo he loſt all again. For, of the Confederates that were in his Camp, ſome did pre-
ſently forſake him , others alſo immediately afrer ſurrendred up the Towns unto eAntigonus.
Cleomenes being thus oppreſſed with the fortune of War, when he Came back to Tz6 x4 with
the reſt of his Army, news came to him inthe night from Laczepe.mon, which grieved him as
much as the loſs of all his Conqueſts : for he was advertiſed of the death of his Wife Agiates,
whom he loved ſo dearly, that in the middeſt of his chiefeſt proſperity and ViRories , he made
The Argives
do rebell a-
eainlt Cleome-
nes.
Cleomenes lo
the City of
Connh,
Cleomencs loſt
the Cicy of
Argos,
Often journeys to SPARTA to ſee her, It could not be but a. marvellous grief unto Cleomenes, The death of
who being a young man, had loſt ſo vertuous and fair a young Lady, ſodearly beloved of him ;
and yet he gave not place to his ſorrow, neither did grief overcome his noble courage, but he
uſed the ſelf-ſame voice, apparell, and countenance that he did before. Then taking order with
his private Captains about his Afffairs, and having provided alſo for the ſatery of the TxGzans,
he went the next morning by break of day unto. SerarTA. After he had privately lamented
and ſorrowed for his Wives death, with his Mother and Children, he preſently benz his mind a-
gain ta publick Cauſes, Now Cleomenes had ſent unto Prolomy King of AGwer, who had pro-
miſed him aid, but upon demand, to have his Mother and Children in pledge. So he was long time
before-he would for ſhame make his mother privy unto it, and went oftentimes of purpoſe to ler
her underſtand it : but when he came, he had not the heart to breakitto her. She firſt ſuſpeRing
the thing, asked (Teomenes friends, if her Son had not ſomewhat to ſay. unto her, that he durfſt
Agiates, King
Clcomencs wife
not utter, Whereupon, in fine he gave the venture, and brake the matter ro her. When ſhe The nob!s
beard ir, ſhe fell a laughing, and told him : Why, how cometh it to paſs, that thou haſt kept it mind of Cra-
thus long, and wouldeſt not tellme > Come, come, ſaid ſhe, put me ſtraight into a Ship, and ſend 7414, ©!co-
me whither thou wilt, that this body of mine may do ſome good unto my Countrey, before crooked ”
age conſume my life without profit, Then all things being prepared for their journey , they went
by Land, accompanied with the Army, unto the head of Tznarus : where Crarsſiclea being ready
to imbark, ſhe took Cleomenes ahide into the Temple of Neprane , and embracing and kiſſing
him, perceiving that his heart yearned for ſorrow of her departure, ſhe ſaid unto him : O King
'of La cebzmon, let no man ſee for ſhame when we come out of the Temple, that we have wept
and diſhonoured SearT A : for that onely is in our power ; .as for thereſt, as it pleaſeth the gods ſo
encs Mother.
let it be, When ſhe had ſpoken theſe words, and faſhioned her countenance again, ſhe went then to Cleomenes
take her Ship with a little Son of Cleomenes, and commanded the Maſter of the Ship to hoife mn his
ſail. Now when ſhe was arrived.in £6yPT, and underſtood that King Prolomy received Am- —_—
baſſadors from Antigonur, and were in talk to make Peace with him: and hearing alſo that Cle- fages unto =
omenes being requeſted by the AcHA1AaNs to make Peace with them, durſt not hearken to it, and Prolomy King
end that War, without King P rolomies conſent , and becauſe of his Mother :. ſhe wrote unto 9f #578
him, that he ſhould not ſpare to do any thing that ſhould be expedient for the honour of —_—
without
—_ FL a. dt. ee Hel —_——
AGIS and CLEOMEN. ES,
without fear of -difpleaſing Prolomy, or for regard of an old woman, and a boy. Such was
the noble mind of this worthy Lady in her 'Son Cleomenes adverlity. — wh. Au A ntigonus
having taken the Ciry of Tz6 4, and 4acked the -ocher Cities of Ox cHomens and Man i1-
NEA, (leomenes ſeeing himſelf brought to defend the borders onely of La con1a, he did manu-
mifſe all the I.oTts (which werethe ſlaves of Laczpamnon) paying five Attica Mina's a man.
With that Money he made the ſum of five hundred Talents, and armed two thouſand [of theſe freed
Slaves after the 'MA c EDO Na N faſhion, to fight againſt the LEucaserpss (to wit, the white
Shields of «4tigornt : ) and then there fell into his mind a marvellous great enterpriſe, unlooked
for of every man. The City of MzGAL1P0L15-at that time being as great as SPART A, and ha-
. ving the aid of the ACHATANS, and Arntigonus at hand (whom the AcHarans as it ſeemed had
Cleomencs wan
the City of
Megalipolis,
Clcomenes no=
ble ſaying.
brought in, chiefly at the requeſt of the MEGAL1POLITANS) Cleomenes determining to ſack this
City, and knowing that to bring # to paſs, nothing was more requiſite then celerity, he comman-
ded his Souldiers to viftual themſelves for five days : and marching with the choice of all bis Army
towards SELACTIA, as though he had meant to have ſpoiled the AxG1ves, ſuddenly turning from
thence, he invaded the Countrey of the MEG ar1eoLITANS , and ſupping by RozT1um, went
ftraight by EL1cunrT a unto the City. When he was come near unto it, he ſent Panteas before
with ſpeed, with +4wo Bands of the LaczDamoNni1ans, and commanded him to take a certain
piece of the Wall between two Towers, which he knew wasnot kept nor guarded , and he followed
him alſo with the reft of his Army, coming on fair and ſoftly. When Panteas came thither, find-
ing not onely that place of the Wall without Guard or Watch which Cleomenes had told him of, bur
allo the moſt part of that fide without defence, he rook ſome part of the Wall at his firſt coming,
and manned it : .and overthrew another place of it alſo, putting them all ro the Sword that did de-
fend it ; and then came Cleomenes, and was within the City with his Army, before the MeG a 1-
POLITANS knew of his coming. Atlength, the Citizens underftanding that the City was taken,
ſome fled in haſte, conveying ſuch light things as came to hand, in ſo great a fear : and the others
alſo arming themſelves, ran — ro reſiſt the Enemies : but though they valiantly fought to re-
pulſe them out of the City, and yet prevailed not, they gave the ret leiſure thereby to fly and ſave
themſelves, ſo that there remained not behind above five thouſand men : for all -the reſh were
with their Wives and Children, into theCiry of Mes $1Na, The moſt part of them alſo that fonght
with the Enemies, ſaved themſelves, and very few were taken, the chiefeft whereof were Ly/andri-
aus and Thearidas, the nobleſt perſons that were amongſt the MEsG aiiPoLIiTtANS; wherefore
when the Souldiers had taken them, they brought them unto Cleomenes. Lyſandridas when he ſaw
Cleomenes a good way off, cried out aloud unto him : O King of Laczpzmox, this day thou baſt
an occaſion offered thee to do a more famous Princely a&, then that which thou haſt already done,
and that will make thy Name alſo more glorious. Cleomenes muſing what he would requeſt : Well
(quoth he) what is that rhou requireſt ? One thing I will tell thee betore-hand, thou ſhalt not make
me reſtore your City to you again. Yet , quoth Lyſandridas, let me requeſt thus much then,
that ye do not deſtroy it, but rather repleniſh it with friends and Confederates , which hereafter
will be true and faithfull ro you : and that ſhall you do, giving the MEG aireolitans their
City again, and preſerving ſuch a number of People as have forſaken it, Cleomenes pauſing a
while, anſwered, It was a hard thing to believe that: but yet, quoth he, let Honour take place
with us before profit, After that he ſent an Herauld ftraight unto Mzs$1NA , unto them that
were fled thither, and told them that he was contented to them their City again, ſo that they
would become good friends and Confederates of the La czDaMo N1a ns, foriaking the alliance of
the ACHAIANS. Philopemen would by no means ſuffer the MEGALrPOLITANS to accept
this gracious offer of Cleomenes, nor alſo to leave their alliance with the AcHa1ans : telling them,
that he meant notto give them their City again, but to take them alſo with their City : and there-
fore.drave Thearidas and Lyſandridas out of MESSINA, that moved this pratife, Jt was that
Philopzmen that afterwards was the chiefeſt man of the Acrarans, and that wan ſuch Fame
and honour among the GREC1ANS, as we have particularly declared in his Life, This word being
brought to Cleomenes, who had kept the City from ſpoiling untill that time, he was then ſo throughly
offended, that he gave the Goods in prey to the Souldiers, ſent away their goodly Tables, Images,
and Pictures unto SPARTA, and defaced the chiefeſt parts of the City, and then returned home a-
gain, being afraid of eAntigonm and the AcHarans, Howbeir they ftirred not, becauſe of the
Parliament that was kept at that time in the City of £6 1uM , where eAratw being in the Pulpit for
Orations, and holding his Gown a long time before his face, the People marvelling at it, willed him
to tell what heailed : he anſwered them : MEGALIPOLIS is taken, and razed by (leomenes. The
ACHAIANS being amazed at the ſuddenneſs of this great loſs, ſtraight brake off their Parliament
and Aſſembly. But eArtrigonw thinking to aid them, ſent preſently for all his Garriſons, who being
long a coming, he willed them to ſtay where they were, and he himſelf taking a few Souldiers with
him, went unto the City of AxGos. Therefore the ſecond enterpriſe of Clcomenes ſeemeth at the
firſt ſight avery raſh and deſperate attempt : howbeit Polybius writerh, that it was an attempt of
great wiſdom and policy. For Cleomenes underſtanding that the Macep0Nn1a ns were diſperſed
in Garriſons indivers places, and that Arntigonus lay all the winter'in the Ciry of AxGo0s, with a cer-
tain number of Foormen that were ftrangers, he invaded the Countrey of the Ax 61vss with his
Army, perſwading himſelf, that either Antigonus would for ſhame come and fight with him, or it he
did not, that then he ſhould put him in diſgrace with the AxG1v es : wvhich indeed came fo to =
The
AGIS and CLEOMENES. 677
The ArG1vss ſeeing their Countrey ſpoiled by Cleomenes , were ina marvellous rage, and gather-
ing together at eAntigonus Lodging, they cried our unto him, either to go into the Field and fight
with the Enemy ; or elſe if he were atraid, to reſign his Office of Generall of Gzzzcs unto 0-
thers that were valianter then himſelf, But Anr5gonws like a wiſe and excellent Captain, thinking it A wiſe Captain
z diſhonour to him, raſhly to put himſelf in danger, and his friends alſo, though he were provoked ſhould notraſh-
wich many injuries and opprobrious words, would not go into the Field, but ſtood conſtant in his firſt ly put himſelf
determination. Then Cleomenes having brought his Army hard tothe Walls of the City of AxGos, in hazard,
and ſpoiled and deſtroyed the Countrey round about, without let or danger he ſafely returned home
again, Within a while after, Clecomenes being agvertited that eAntigonys was come unto TEGEA,
with intent to invade the Countrey of Laco N14, he going another way with his Army (unwit-
ting co his Enemies) they wondered when they ſaw him in the morning by the City of Az 6 0s, ſpoil-
ing their Countrey, and cutting down their Corn, not with Sickles or Swords, as others do uſe, bur
with long Poles in form ot Siches, wherewith che Souldiers as they went ſporting-wiſe, overthrew
and ſpoiled ir. But when they came to the place of Exerciſes in their Suburbs, called Cyllabaris, cer- The modera:i-
tain of the Souldiers going about to have ſet it on fire, Cleomenes would not ſuffer them , and rold on of Cleomencs
them, that what he had done at MEGAL1POLI1S, it was rather angrily then honeſtly done. Now *9 his Encmies.
eAntigonu preſently returned back again, being minded firſt ro have gone diretly to the City
of ArGos, bur ſuddenly altering his mind, did Camp upon the top of Hills and Mountains.
(leomenes ſeeming not to beafraid of him, ſent Heraulds to him to defire the keys of the Temple
of 74nc, and then after he had done Sacrifice, he would depart his way, Thus mocking Antigon,
afrer he had ſacrificed unto the goddeſs, under the Temple that was ſhut up, be ſent his Army unto
PHLIUNTA ; and having driven away the Garriſon out of OLoGuNT a, he came unto the City of
ORCHOMENE, having not onely encouraged his Citizens, but gotten even amongſt the Enemies
themſclves, a fame alſo to be a noble Captain, and worthy to manage great affairs. For every man
judged him to be a skilfull Souldier, and a valiant Captain, that with the power of one onely City,
did maintain War againſt the Kingdom of Mac tDo x, againſt all the People of PELopoNNE-
Sus, and againft the Treaſure of ſo great a King : and withall, not onely to keep his own Coun-
trey of LacoN1A unfoiled, but far otherwiſe to hurt his Enemies Countries, and to take ſo many
great Ciries of theirs. Bur he that firſt (aid, that Money was the finew of all things, ſpake it chiefly Money the fi-
in my opinion in reſpe&t of the Wars. Demades the Orator ſaid on a time, when the A TH x- new of Wars,
NIANS commanded certain a ſhould be put out of the Arſenal into the Sea, and preſently
rigged and armed with all poifible ſpeed, though they lacked Money : He that rules the Prow, muſt
firſt ſee before him ; meaning, Munition and V ictuals muſt be provided, before the Ships be ſet our.
And it is reported alſo, that the ancient Archidamus, when the Confederates of the La cxDzno-
NIANS at the beginning of the War of PELo?ONNESUS required, that they might be ſefſed
at 2 certain rate, anſwered : The charges of War have no certain ſtint. For like as Wreſt-
lers that exerciſe their bodies continually in Games, are better able ro Wreſtle, and overthrow them
with time, that having no ſtrength bur onely art and ſle.ght : even ſo King eAntigonus, who by the
greatneſs of his Kingdom defrayed the charge of this War, did weary and overcome (leomenes
at the length, becaule he lacked Money, both to pay the ſtrangers that ſerved him, and alſo to main-
tain his own Citizens. For otherwiſe doybtleſs the time ſerved his turn well, becauſe the trou-
bles that fell upon Antigonus in his Realm, did make him to be ſent for home. For the barbarous
People his Neighbours, in his abſence did ſpoil and deſtroy the Realm of Mactpox, and ſpeci- —_— _
ally the IL.LYR1aNs of the high Countrey, that came down then with a great Army : where- me
upon the MACEDONIANS being ſpoiled and harried on all fides by them, they ſent poſt unto _41- lack ot Money
1490845, to pray him to come home. If theſe Letters had been brought him bur a little before the to pay his
Battle, as they came afterwards, Antigonys had gone his way, and left the Acyarans. But For- —_— p
tune that alwaies ſtriketh the ſtroke in all weightiett Cauſes, gave ſuch ſpeed and favour unto him, JO oy
that immediately after the Battle was fought at SELA 1A (where Cleomenes loſt bis Army and Ciry) Bartle berwixr
the very Meſſengers arrived that came for Antigonus to come home , the which made the overthrow Clcomenes and
of King Cleomenes ſo much more lamentable. For if he had delayed Battle but two days longer, Antigonus ,
when the MacEDoNIANS had been gone, he might have made what Peace he would with the ___
ACHAIANS : but for lack of Money, he was driven ( as Polybins writeth ) to give Battle with
wenty thouſand men, againſt thirry thouſand : where be ſhewed himfelf an excellent and skilfull
Captain, and where his Citizens alſo fought like valiant men, and the ſtrangers in like caſe did ſhew
themſelves good Souldiers. Bur his onely overthrow was by the manner of his Enemies Weapons,
and the force of their Battle of Footmen,- But Phylarchus writeth, that Treaſon was the cauſe of
his overthrew. For Antigonns had appointed the ACARNAN1ANS, and the Ittykians,
which he had in his Army, to ſteal upon the Wing of his Enemies Army, where Enclidas, King Cleo-
menes Brother was, to compaſs him in behind, whileft he did ſer the reft of his men in Bartle.
When Cleomenes was got up upon ſome hill to look about him, to ſee the countenance of the Enemy,
and ſecing none of the ACARNANIANS, nor of the ILLYR1aNns, he was then afraid of Anti-
£oms, that be went about ſome .ſtraragern of War. Wherefore he called for Demoreles , whoſe
charge was to take heed of Stratagems and ſecret Ambuſhes , and commanded him to look to
the Rere-ward of his Army, and to be very circumſpe& all abount, Demoreles, that was bribed The Treaſon of
before (as it is reported) with Money, told him that all was clear in the Rere-ward, and bad Demorcles.
him look 16 overthrow his Enemies before him. Cleomenes truſting this report , fet forward
againſt
The ſaying of
Archidamus.
638 wAGISad (LEOMENES.
ainfſt eFntigonus, and in the end, his Citizens of SPARTA which he had about him, gave ſuch a
y ea Charge upon the Squadron of the MactDo N1aNn Footmen, that they drave them back
five Furlongs off, But in the mean time, Cuclidas his Brother, in the other Wing of his Army,
being compaſſed in behind, (Jeomenes turning him back, and ſeeing the overthrow , cryed out a-
loud : Alas good Brother, thou are but {lain, yer thou dieſt valiantly, and honeſtly, and thy death
fhall be a worthy example unto all poſterity, and ſhall be ſung by the praiſes of the women of $paz-
TA. So Enclidas and his men being (lain, the Enemies came ſtraight to ſet upon {leomenes Wing,
_ Cleomenes then ſeeing his men diſcouraged, and that they durſt no longer reſiſt the Enemies, fled , and
— ſaved himſelf. Many of the ſtrangers alſo that ſerved him, were {lain at this Battle : and of fix
Sachoms by thouſand SPAR TANS, there were left alive but onely two hundred. Now {(Teomenes being retur-
" ned unto SyARTA, the Citizens coming to ſee him, he gave them counſel} to yield themſelves unto
Antigonw the Conquerour : and tor himſelf, if either alive or dead he could do any thing tor the ho-
nour and benefit of SpaRT A, that he would willingly do it. The Women of the City alſo coming
unto them that flying had eſcaped with him, when he ſaw them unarm the men, and bring them
drink to refreſh them with, he alſo went home to his own houſe.. Then' a Maid of the Houſe, which
he had taken in the City of MEGAL1PeoL1s (and whom he had entertained ever fince the death of
his Wife) came unto him as her manner was, to refreſh him coming hot from the Battle : howbeit
he would not drink though he was extream dry, nor fit being very weary , but armed as he was,
laid his arm acroſs upon a pillar, and leaning his head upon it, repoſed himlelf a little : and caſting
in his mind all the ways thar were to be thought of, he rook his friends with him and went to the
Haven of Gythium, and there having his Ships which he had appointed for the purpoſe, he hoiſed
. ſail, and departed his way. Immediately after his departure , came Antzgonus into - the City of
—_ SPARTA, and courteouſly entreated the Citizens and Inhabitants he found, and did offend no man,
ook 17% nor proudly deſpiſe the ancient Honour and Dignity of SyanT 4a, but referring them to their own
Laws and Government : when he had ſacrificed to the gods for his Victory, be departed from thence
the third day, news being brought him that the War was very great in MACEDoN , and that
the barbarous People did ſpoil his Countrey. Now a difſeafe took him, whereof he died afterwards,
which appeared a Tiſick, mixt with a ſore Catarrh : but yet he yielded not to his Diſeaſe, and bare
The death of it out, that fighting for his Countrey, and obtaining a famous Victory , with great ſlaughter of
Figomr the the barbarous People, he might yet die honourably , as indeed he did, by Philarchus teſtimony,
_ * my -"£ Who ſaith, that with the force of his voice fiercely crying our in the middeſt of this fight, he tare
Macedon. $" his lungs and lights, worſe then they were before. Yet in the Schools it is ſaid, that after he had
won the Battle, he was ſo joyfull of it, that crying out : O bleſſed day, he brake out into a great
bleeding at the mouth, and a great Feaver took him withall, that he died of it. Thus much tou-
Cleomencs tly= ching Antigonus. Now (leomenes departing out of the Iſle of Cy THERA, wentand caſt Anchor in
-_ = Fe= another Iſland called £6 LAL1a. Then determining to fail over to the City of CyREna, The-
TP rycion, one of Cleomenes friends ( a man that in Wars ſhewed himſelf very valiant, but a boaſter
"The Oration beſides of his own doings) took Cleomenes afide, and ſaid thus unto him : © Truly, O King, we
of Therycion, © haye loſt an honourable occaſion to die in Batcle, though every man hath heard us vaunt and ſay,
_— | - = gy &« that Antigonus ſhould never overcome the King of SeArrT a alive, but dead. A ſecond occafion
Ppotant ten» Cyetis alas to die, with much leſs honour and fame notwithſtanding then the firſt, Whi-
<* ther do we ſail to no purpoſe > Why do we fly the death at hand, and ſeek it ſo far off? If it be
© no ſhame nor diſhonour for the Poſterity and Race of Hercules toſerve the Succeſſors of Philip
&« and Alexander, let us then ſave our labour, and long dangerous failing, and go yield our ſelves
&« unto Antigonws ; who in all likelihood will better uſe us then Prolomy,becauſe the Ma c EDoN1aNSs
&« are far more noble perſons then the AGyrTians. And if we diſdain to be commanded by
& them which have overcome us in Battle, why then will we make him Lord of os that hath not over-
© come us : in ſtead of 'one, to make us inferiour unto both, flying Antigonus, and ſerving King Pro-
< lomy? Can we ſay that wego into Gy PT, in reſpec to ſee your Mother there? A joyfull ſight
* no doubt, when we (hall ſhew King Prolomies Wives her Son, that before was a King, a Priſoner
<* and Fugitive now. Were it not better for us, that having yet Lacon1a our Countrey in ſight,
© and our Swords beſides in our own hands, to deliver us from this great miſery, and ſo doing to ex-
© cuſe our ſelves. with them that are ſlain at SEL as14 for defence of SPARTA : then cowardly
« loſing ourtime in £6 y pT, to enquire whom Antigonus left his Lieutenant and Governour in La-
— by CEDEAMON ? Therycionending his Oration, (Teomenes anſwered him thus : © Doeſt thou think it a
pacion of death. & 9lory tothee to {eek death, which is the eaſieſt marter, and the preſenteſt unto any man, that can
& be; andyet wretch that thouart, thou flieft now more cowardly and ſhamefully then from the Bat-
& tle. For divers valiant men, and far better then our ſelves, have often yielded unto their Enemies,
« either by ſome misfortune, or compelled by greater number, and multixude of men : bur he, ſay I,
« that ſubmicteth himſelf unto pain and miſery , or to reproach and praiſe of men, he cannot but
Willing death ** confeſs that he is overcome by his own unhappineſs. For when a man will _—y kill himſelf,
muſt haye ho. & he muſt not do it to be rid of pains and labour, but it muſt have an honourable reſpe& and aRion.
-- x re- «For to live or die for his own reſpe&, that cannot bur be diſhonoprable ; the which now thou per-
*©{wadeſt me unto, to make me fly this preſent miſery as we are in, without any honour or profit in
&« our death. And therefore, 1 am of opinion, that we ſhould nor yet caſt off the hope we have to
& ſerve our Countrey in time to come : but when all-hope faileth us, then we may eafily make our
& ſelves away when we liſt, Thereunto Therycjon gave no anſwer, but afſoon as be found opportunity
| $0
— AGISad CLEO ME NES, 679
——P———
—— — —— —
FE —
to flip from Clromenes , he went to the Sea fide, and ſlew binſelf. Cl:omexes hoiſing fail from
the Iſle of £G1A11a, went into AFRICK , and was brought by | the Kings Servants unto the Cleomencs fly-
City of ALEXANDRIA, King Ptolomy at his firſt coming , gave Clromenes no ſpeciall Sood , but th into
indifferent intertainment : bur after'that he had ſhewed hinuſelt ro be of great witdom and judge. $f! unto King
ment, and that Ptro/omy ſaw in the ſimplicity of his La conan life, he had alſo a noble diſpoſition ©
and courage, nothing degenerating from the Princely Race and Bloud of Hercules , and that he
eelded not to his adverſity , he rook more delight in his company then in all the company of his
Tr and hangers on him : and then repented him greatly that he had made no more account
of him before, but had ſuffered him to be overthrown by Antigonus , who through this Victory of
him, had marvelloully enlarged his honour and power. Then he began to comfort Cleomeves , and
doing him as great - honour as could be , promiſed that he would ſend him with ſhips and Money in-
toGREECE , and put him again into his Kingdom : and further , gave him an annuall Penſion in
the mean time, of four and twenty Talents, with the which he ſimply and ſoberly entertained him-
ſelf and his men about him : and beſtowed all the reſt upon his Countreymen that came out of
GREECE imo £GyPT. But now old King Prolomy deceafling before he could perform the pro-
miſe he made unto Cleomenes , to ſend him into GREECE, the Realm falling then into great lalcivi-
ouſneſs, drunkenneſs , and into the Government of Women , his caſe and miſery was clean forgot-
ten, For the young King his ſon was ſo given over to Womenand Wine , that when he was moſt
ſober and in his beſt wits , he moſt diſpoſed himſelf ro make Feaſts and Sacrifices , and to havethe
Taber playing in his Court , to gather People rogether , like a Stage-player or Jugler ; whileſt one
athoclea his Lemman , and her Mother, and Oenantkes a Baud, did rule all the Afffairs of the
State, But when he came to be King , it appeared he had need of C/comenes : becauſe he was afraid
of his Brother Mag as , who by his Mothers means, was very well eſteemed of among Souldiers,
Wherefore he called {7comenes to him, and made him of his Privy-Councell, where he deviſed by
praQiſe , which way to kill his Brother, All other his friends that were of counſell with hin, did
counſell him to do it : but Cleomenes onely vehemently diflwaded him from it, and told him, that if it
were poſſible , rather more Brethren ſhould be begotcen unto the King for the ſafety of his Perſon,
and for dividing of the Afffairs of the Kingdom berween them. Amongſt the Kings Familiars that
were chiefeſt about him , there was one Sofibis that ſaid unto C leomenes : So long as his Brother
Maga lived, the Souldiers that be ſtrangers whom the King entertained , would never be true to
him, Clecmenes anſwered him for that marter there was no danger: for , ſaith he , of thoſe hired
ſtrangers , there are three thouſand PELOPONNESIANS , Which he knew at the twinkling of an
eye would be at his commandment , to come with their Armour and Weapons where he would
appoint them. Theſe words of Cleomenes at that time ſhewed his faith and good-will he bare unto
the King , and the force he was of beſides. But afterwards, Prolomy's fearfullneſs increaſing his
miſtruſt , ( as it commonly happeneth , that they that lack wit, think it the beſt ſafety to be fear=
full of every wagging of a ſtraw , and to miſtruſt every man) the remembrance of (?eomene, words
made him much ſuſpe&ted of the Courtiers , underſtanding that he could do much with the
Souldiers that were ſtrangers : inſomuch as ſome of them ſaid ; See ( meaning Cleomenes ) there
is a Lyon amongſt Sheep. Indeed conſidering his faſhions and behaviour , might well ſay
ſo of him : for he would look through his fingers as though he ſaw nShing , yer ſaw all what
they did. 1n fine, he required an Army and Ships of the King ; and underſtanding alſo that Antigonus
was dead, and that the Acya1ans and ATOLIANS were at great Wars together , and that the
Afffairs of his Countrey did call him home, all PELOPONNESUs being inarms and uproar, he prayed
that they would licence him to depart with his friends, Bur never a man would give car unto him, and
the King alſo heard nothing of it, becauſe he was continually entertained among Ladies, with Banquets,
Dancing, and Masks. But Sofbisthat ruled all the Realm, thought, char ro keep (lermenes againſt
his will, were a hard thing,and alſo dangetous : and to ler him go Io , knowing that he was a valiant
man , and of a ſtirring mind , and one that knew the Vices and ImperfeQions of their Government,
he thought that alſo no ſafe way , fith no Gifts nor Preſents that could be offered hin, could ſoften
him. For as the holy Bull ( which they call in &6y er, Apis) thatis full fed in goodly Paſture, doth
defire to follow his naturall courſe and liberty , to run and leap at his pleaſure , and plainly c:eomencs Vers
eweth , that it is a grief to him to be kept ſtill by the Prieſts ; even ſo the courtly pleaſures did no- cue.
thing delight Clcomenes , but as Homer writeth of Achilles :
It irkt his noble heart to fit at home in ſlothfull reſt ,
When Martial matters were in band, the which he liked beſt.
Now Cleomenes ſtanding in theſe terms, there arrived in ALtxaNnDR1a one Nicagoras MESSH> ,..
NIAN , Who maliced { {eomenes in his heart , but yet ſhewed as though he loved him. This Nicago- ——_—_
r4 On 2 time had fold Cl:omenes certain Land, but was not payed for it , either becauſe he tans nemy to Clev=
preſent Money , or elſe by occaſion of the Wars which gave him no leaſure to make payment. menes,
comenes one day by chance walking upon the Sands, he ſaw Nicagoras landing out of his Ship,
ing newly arrived ; and knowing him , he courteouſly welcomed him , and asked what wind
had _ him imo Ecyer. Nicagoras gently ſaluting him again , told him , that he had
brought the King excellent Horſes of ſervice. {!:omenes ſmiling, rold him , Thou hadft better
have brought him ſome Curtizans and Dancers, for they would have pleaſed the King better. 2X i-
cagoras faintly laughed art his anſwer , but within few days after he did put him in remembrance
M m m of
_—_—
as
_
SS »y*
AGISad CLEOME NES.
—
Cleomenes
commitred to
Priſon in Alex»
andria.
Cleomencs
pom ro
ill King Prc-
lomy.
The efd and
feath of Cleo-
menes and his
friends,
The courage
of Panteas,
of the Land che ſold him , and prayed him then that he would help him ro Money, telling him that
he. would not have preſt him for. it , but that he had ſuſtained loſs by Merchandiſe. Cleomenes an-
fwered him , that all his Penſion was ſpent he had of the King. Nscagoras being offended with this
anſwer , he went and told Sofibizs of the mock Cleomenes gavethe King. Sofibixy was glad of this
occaſion, but yet deſiring further matter to make the King offended with Cleomenes, he perlwaded V:-
fee towrite a.Letter t0 the King againſt Cleomeres, as though he had conſpired to take the Cuy
of CyrENa,. if the King had given him Ships, Money, and men of War. When Nicageras bad
written this Letter , he-took Ship, and hoiſed faile. Four daies after his departure, So6b5 brought his
Letter to the King , as though he had but newly received it. The King upon fight of it , was fo offen-
ded with Cleomeres , that he gave preſent order he ſhould be ſhut up in a great houſe, where he ſhould
have his ordinary diet allowed him , howbeit that he ſhould keep his houſe. This grieved Cleomenes
much, but yet he was worſe afraid of that which was to come, by this occaſion : Prolomy the Son of
Chr/ermus, one of the Kings familiars , who had oftentimes betore been very converſant and familiar
with Cleomencs , and did frankly talk rogether in all matters. Cleomenes, one day ſent for himyto pray
him to come unto him. Pto/omy came at his requeſt, and familiarly diſcourſing together, went about
to diſſwade him from all the ſuſpitions he had , and excuſed the King alſo for that he had done unto
him : ſo taking his leave he left him, not thinking that Cleomeres followed him (as he did) to the Gate,
where he ſharply took up the Souldiers , ſaying that they were very negligent and careleſs in looking
to ſuch a fearfull beaſt as hewas, and ſo il] to be taken if he once ſcaped their hands. Clzomenes heard
what he ſaid, and went to his lodging again , Prolowy knowing nothing that he was behind him : and
reported the very words again unto his triends, Then all the SparT a Ns converting their good hope
into.anger, determined to be revenged of the injury Prolomy had done them, and to die like noble
SPARTA NS , not tarrying till they ſhould be brought to the ſhambles like fat Weathers , to be ſold
and killed, For it would be a great ſhame and diſhonour unto Cleomenes, having refuſed to make peace
with Aztig0ns,a noble Prince and Warriour,to tarry the Kings pleaſure till he had left his drunkenneſs
and dancing,and then to come and put him to death, They being full reſolved hereof,as you have heard,
King Prolomy by chance went unto the City of CanO8us , and firſt they gave out in ALEXANDR14,
that the King minded to ſet Cleomenes at liberty. Then Cleomenes friends obſerving the cuſtome of the
Kings of AG y » T, when they meant to ſet a Priſoner at liberty (which was,to ſend the Priſoners meat,
and Preſents before to their Supper) did ſend unto him ſuch manner of Preſents and ſo deceived the
Souldiers that had the keeping. of him , ſaying, that they brought thoſe Preſents from the King, For
Cleomenes himſelf did ſacrifice ynto the gods , and ſent unto-the Souldiers that kept him , part cf
thoſe Preſents that were ſent unto him, and ſupping with his friends that night , made merry with them,
every man being crowned with Garlands. Some ſay, that he made the more haſt to execute his Enter.
priſe ſooner then he would have done, by means of one of his men that was privy unto his conſpiracy :
who went every night to lis with a Woman he kept, and therefore was afraid leſt he would bewray
them.: Cleomenes about noon, perceiving the Souldiers had taken intheir Cups , and that thy were a-
ſleep, he pur on his Coat , ant unripping it on the right ſhoulder, went out of the houſe with his word
drawn in his hand, accompanied with his friends , following him in that ſort , which were thirry in all,
Amongſt them there was one called H;ppor as, who being lame , went very lively out with them at the
firſt ; but when he ſaw they went fair and ſoftly becauſe of him, he prayed them to kill him, becauſe
they ſhould not hinder their Enterpriſe for a lame man, that could do them no ſervice. Notwithſtand-
ing ,by chance they met with a Towns-man a horſe-back , that came bard by their door , whom they
pluckt from his Horſe, and caſt Z7ippot as upon him : and then ran through the City , and cried tothe
People, Liberty, liberty. Now the People had no other courage in them , but onely commended Cle-
on:enes, and wondered at his valiantneſs ; but otherwiſe to follow him, or to further his Enterpriſe, not
aman of them had. any heart in them. Thus running up and down the Town, they met with Prclowy
(the ſame whom we ſaid before was the Son of Chryſer mas ) as he came out of the Court : whereupon
three of them ſetting on him, ſlew him preſently.” There was alſo another Prolomy that was Gover-
nour and Lieutenant of the City of ALExaNDk1a : who hearing a rumour of this ſtir, came unto
them in his Coach, They went and met him,and firſt having driven away his Guard and Souldiers that
went before him , they pluckt him out of his Coach , and flew him alſo. After that they went towards
| the Caſtle, with. intent to ſet all the Priſoners there ar liberty to take their part, Howbeit the Jaylors
that kept them had ſo ſtrongly locked up the Priſon-doors , that Cleomenes was repulled
and put by his purpoſe, Thus ,wandring up and'down the City, , no, man neither came to
Jjoyn with him , nor to reſiſt him , for every man fled for fear of him." Wherefore at
length being weary with going up and down, he turned him to his friends , and ſaid unto them:
It is no marvel! though Women. command ſuch a cowardly People, that fly in this ſort from their
liberty. Thereupon he prayed thein all to die like men, and like thoſe that were brought up with
him, and that were worthy of the fame of his ſo noble deeds. Then the firſt man that made
himſelf be ſlain , was Hippor as , who died of a wound one of the young men of his company
gave him with a Sword at his requeſt. After him every man ſlew themſelves, one after another,
without "7 fear , atall , laying Panteas , who was the firſt man that entred the City of MEG AZ1-
POLIS, He was a fair young man, and had been very well brought up inthe La conan Diſ-
cipline , and better then any of his years. Cleomenes did love him.dearly , and commanded him
that when he ſhould ſee he were dead , and. all the reſt alſo, that then he ſhould kill himſelf laſt
of all, Now they all being laid on the ground , he ſearched them one after another with the
| | X - point
”
-
< «WY
AGIS and CLEOMENES.
wr
ving could
made p
Why the Dra-
gon is conſe.
crated unto
Frinces.
T he end of the Life of Agis and Cleomenes,
TIBERIVUS and CAIVS.
GRACCHI.
Anno CHnndi,
37% 524
— Fox fjow that we have declared-utto you the Hiſtory of the Lives of theſe two
AW GE INARNG | GRECIANS, Agus and Cleomencs aforeſaid , we muſt alſo write the
[or@y Ny Hiſtory. of two ROMANS, , the which: is no leſs lamentable for the
The worthi- DNS BH troubles and calamitics. that unto Tiberius and Cairs 4 both of
neſs of Tibe- FNg/ SIQll- them the Sons of Tiberims:Gracchus, He __w__ been twice Conſull ,
rius Gracchus FE£> || and once Cenſor , and having had the Honour of two Triumphes , had
| l >
the Father. IM y| notwithſtanding more Honour and Fame onely for his Valiantne(s , for
pron oe ar F235. "na ASD ; the which be was thought worthy to marry with Cormelia, the Daugh-
matried Cor. ho eto > ter of Scipio , who overcame Hannibal after the death of his Father :
nelja , the > *,_* _ though whilche lived he was never his Friend , but rather his Enemy. It
Dauglcer of - jc reported; that Tiberius on a time found two Snakes in his Bed,, and that the Soothſayers and
_— Wiſards having conſidered the fignification thereof , did forbid him to kill them both, and alſo to let
The tender fem both eſcape, but one onely : aſſuring him that if he killed the Male be ſhould nor live long after 1
Icveof Tibe. and if he killed the Female , that then his Wife Cornelia ſhould die. . T+herixs then loving his Wife
riusxo his Wife dearly , thinking it meeter for him alſo , that he being the elder of :both , and ſhe yer a young Wo-
CO 4 man, ſhould die before her , he ſlew the Male, and tet the Feinale eſcape ; howbeit he died ſoon
c nd -—-> after , leaving twelve Children alive, all of them begotten of Corxelia. Cornelia after the death of
ther of the her Husband , taking upon her the rule. of her eand Children , led ſuch a chaſt life, was ſo good
Gracchi. to her Children , and of ſo noble mind; thatevery man thought Tiberizs a wiſe man for that he
die&, and left her behind him. - She remaining Widow , King Peeclowy made ſuit unto her, and
would have made her his Wife and ; bur ſhe refuſed , and in her Widow-hood loſt all her
Children, but one Daughter ( whom ſhe beſtowed upon the younger Scipio African ) and Tiberi-
#5, and Caiss, whoſe Lives we preſently write. Thoſe, ſhe carefully brought up, that they being
become more civill, and better conditioned then any other Romans in their time, every man
judged, that Education prevailed more in them then Nature, For, as in the Favours and PiQures
of Caſtor and Pollax , there is a certain difference diſcerned , whereby a man may know that the
one was made for Wreſtling , and the other for running : even ſo between theſe two young Bre-
cthren, amongſt other the great likeneſs between them , being both nappily born to- be Valiant,
Ares defoets. 2 be Temperate, to be Liberall , to be Learned , and to be Nobly-minded , there grew notwith-
Hr 716, Randing great difference in their ations and doings in the Common-wealth , the which 1 think
rius and Caius CONvenient to declare, before I proceed any further. Firft of all, for the favour of the Face , the
Gracchi, _, look and moving of the Body , Tiberius was much more mild and traRtable , and Caixs more hot
and earneſt, For the firſt in his Orations was very modeſt , and kept his place : and the other of
all the RoMAaNs was the firſt that in his Oration jetted up and down the Pulpit , and thar
plucked his Gown. over his ſhoulders : as'they 'write'of; Eleo ATHENIAN , that he was the firſt of
all Oratours that opened his Gown, and clapped his hand on his thigh in his Oration. Furthermore,
Cains words, andthe yehemency of his perſwaſion , were terrible and full of paſſion 4 but 7#e-
7jus words in contrary manner , were mild, moved men to compaſſion , being very proper ,
and excellently applied , where Cains words were full of fineneſs and curioſity, The like difte-
rence
a . "
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TY
.TIBERIUS & CATVS,
F —_— T
retice alſo. was. between them in their Fare and Diet, For Tiberius always kept 2 convenient Ordi..
nary : and: Caixs alſo in reſpe& of other Roma Ns , lived very temperatly , but in reſpe& of
his Brothers Fare , curiouſly and ſuperfluoully. Inſomuch as Dr» on a time reproved him , be-
cauſe he had bought certain Dolphins of Silver , to the value of a thouſand two hundred and hfry
Drachma's for every Pound weight. And now, as touching the manners and naturall diſpoſition
of them both agrecing with the diverſity of their Tongues, the one being mild ard plauſible, and
the other hot and cholerick : inſomuch that otherwile torgerting himſelf in his Oration , againſt
his will he would be very-earneſt and ſtrain his voice beyond his compals, and ſo with great un-
comelineſs confound his words. Yet finding his own fault , he deviſed this remedy. He had a Ser-
vant called [Licinixs, a good wiſe man , who with an Inſtrument of Mufick he had, by the which they
reach men .co riſe and fall in their Tunes , when: be was in his Oration, heever ſtood behind him ;,
and when he perceived that his Maſters Voice was a little roo loud , and that through choler he excee-
ded his ordinary ſpeech,he played a ſoft ſtop behind him , at the ſound whereof Caizs immediatly fell
from his extreamiry ,. and eafily came to himſelf again. And here was the diverſity berween them.
Otherwiſe,, for their hardineſs againſt their Enemies , juſtice unto their Tenants , the care and pains
intheir Offices ;of Charge , and alſo their continency againſt voluptuouſneſs, in all theſe they were
both alike. For age , Tiberius was elder by nine years , by reaſon whereof their ſeverall authoriry
and doings in the Common-wealth fell out at ſundry times. And this was one of the chiefeſt cauſes
why their doings proſpered not , becauſe they had not both authority in one elf time, neither could
they joyn their power together : the which if ir had met at one ſeif-rime, had been of great force ,
and peradventure invincible, Wherefore we muſt write particularly of them both , but firſt of all
we muſt begin with the Elder. He , when he came to mans ſtate, had ſuch a name and eſtimation,
that immediatly they made him fellow in the Colledge of the Prieſts which at Ro are called Au-
gures ( being thoſe that have the chargeto conſider of ſigns and Predictions of things tro come )
more tor his. valiantneſs then for Nobility, The ſame doth Appizs C/edizs witneſs unto us, one that
hath been both Conſull and Cenſor , and alſo Prz{ident of the Senate, and of greater authority then
any jnan in his time. This Appi at a Supper when all the Augures were together , after he had ſalu-
red Tiberius, and made very much of him, he offered him his Daughter in marriage, Tiberius was very
683
Tiberius made
Augure,
Tiberius mart i.-
glad of the offer , and therewithallthe marriage was preſently concluded berween them, Thereupon © 4ppius Clo.
Appixs coming home to his houſe, at the threſho|d of his Door he called aloud for his Wife , and told #
her : Antiſtia I have beſtowed our Daughter Clodia. She wondering at it, O gods ſaid ſhe , and what
needed all this haſte ? what couldſt thou have done more, if zhou haddeft gotten her Tiberius Gracchus
for her Husband ? I know that ſome refer this Hiſtory unto T 5beri«s , Father of theſe men we write
of , and unto Scipio the AFRICAN : but the moſt part of Writers agree with that we write atcthis
preſent. And Polybius.himelf alſo writerh , that after the death of Scipio AFR1CAN, his:friends
being met together, they choſe 7 ;berins before all the other young menof che Ciry to marry him unto
Cornelia, being free, and unpromiſed , or beſtowed upon any man by her Father. Now Tiberizs:
ius Daughter,
the younger being in the Wars in ArR1cx under-Scipiothe ſecond., who had married his Siſter ;ly-i736,;4; $041
ing1n the Tent with him, he found his Captain indued with many noble Gitts of Nature, to allure. gier-fare.
mens hearts to deſire to follow bis valiantneſs. So in a ſhort time he did excell all the young men
of his time , as well in obedience , as in the; valiantneſs of his perſon : inſomuch. that he was the firft
man that ſcaled the Wals of the Enemies, as:F ans reporteth , who ſaid. that he ſcaled the Wals
with him, and did help him in that valiant Enterpriſe, So that being preſent, all the Camp were in
love with him : and when he was abſent , every man wiſhed for him again, After this War was
ended , he was choſen Treaſurer, and it was his chance to go againſt the. NumanTr1NEs , with:
(ainus Mancinus one of the Conſuls, who was an honeſt man , but yer had the worſt luck of any Cap»
tain the Romans had, Notwithſtanding , Tiberins wiſdom and valiantneſs, in this extrearm, ill
Tiberius Gra: -
luck of his Captain, did not onely appear with great glory to him , but alſomoſt wonderfull ; by i<þus choſen
the great obedience and reverence he bare unto his Captain : though his misfortunes did ſo trouble Quzttor.”
and grieve him , that he could-not tell himfelf whether he was Captain or nor. For when he was
overthrown in great foughten. Fields , he departed in the night, and left his Camp, The Numa x-
TINES hearing of it, firſt took his Camp, and then ran after them that fled, and ſetting upon the
xereward, flew them, and-environed all his Army. So that they were driven into'ſtraight and narrow
places , whereout they could by no means eſcape. . Thereupon Mancinw deſpairing that he could ger
out by force , he ſent a Herauld to the Enemies to treat of peace. The NuMaNnTtiNEsS made anſwer
that they-would tryſt no man but Tberixs onely, that therefore they willed he ſhould be ſent unto
them. They deſired that, partly for the love they bare unto the Vertues of the young man, becauſe
there was no talk of any other in all this War but of him ; andpartly alſo,,as remembring bis Fa-
ther Tiberixs., who making Wars in Sea1N, and having there ſubdued many Nations , he granced
the NuMaNt1NE $ peace, the which he cauſed the Romans afterwards't6confirm and ratitie;
Hereupon Tiberius was ſent:ito ſpeak with them ; and partly. obtaining that he defired , and partly
alſo granted them that they required , he concluded peace with them , whereby afſuredly he ſaved'the 740,314 Grice
lives of twenty;- thouſand Roman Citizens , beſides Slaves and.” other Stragglers that willingly us conclu-
followed. the, Camp, c This: notwithſtanding , the Numa NTxRNES.took the ſpoil of all . the: goods”
they found in the Romans Camp , among. the which they. found 7;berizs Book of accomper
rouching the Money disburſed. of the Treaſure in his Charge.: -75berizs being marvellous defirous
to have his Bobk again, .zeturned: back to NumanTtIAa with two or three of his friends onely ,
| Mmm 3 though
deth peace
with the Nu-
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though the Army of the Romans were gone far on their way. So coming to the Town , he
ſpake unto the Governours of the City , and prayed them to re-deliver him his Books of ac-
compt , becauſe his malicious Enemies ſhould not- accuſe him , cafting him to account for his do-
ings, The NumanT1NEs were very glad of this good hap, and prayed him to come into the
Town. He ſtanding till in doubt with bimſelf what ro do , whether he ſhould go into the
Town, or not ; the Governours of 'the City came to him , and taking him by the: hand prayed
he would think they were not his Enemies , but good Friends, and that he would truſt them. Where.
upon Tiberius thought beſt to yeeld to their perſwafion , being defirous alſo to have his Books
again, and the rather , for fear of offending the NuMAaNTINES , if he ſhould have denied and
miſtruſted them, When he was brought into. the City , they provided his Dinner, and were very
earneſt with him , intreating him to dine with them, Then they gave him his Books again , and offe-
red him moreover to take what he would of all the Spoils they had = in the Camp of the Ro-
MANS, Howbeit of all that, he would take nothing but Frankinſence , which he uſed , when he
did any Sacrifice for his Countrey :, and then taking his leave of them , with thanks. he returnes,
When he was returned to ROME , all this peace concluded was utterly miſliked ; as diſhonourable to
the majeſty of the Empire of Rowe. Yet the Parents and Friends of them that had ſerved in
this War , making the greateſt part of the People , they gathered about Tiberixe , ſaying , that
what faults were committed in this Setvice , they were to impute it unto the Conſull Adancinus , and
not unto Tiberius , who had ſaved ſuch a number of ROMANS lives, Notwithſtanding, they that
= —_—_— were offended with this diſhonourable peace , would that therein they ſhould follow the example of
with : ;
the Numan. E©bcir Fore-fathers inthe like caſe, | For they ſent back their Captains naked unto their Enemies , be-
tines, cauſe they were contented the SAmNniTes ſhould ſpoil them of that they had , to eſcape with life,
Moreover , they did not onely ſend them the Captains and Conſuls , but all thoſe alſo that bare any
Officein the Field, and had conſented unto that condition : to the end they might lay all the perjury
and breach of peace upon them. ' Herein therefore did manifeſtly appear , the love and good-will
the People did bear unto Tiberius : for they gave order , that the Confull Afancinws ſhould be ſent
naked and bound unto the NumanTINEs , and for T berixs ſakethey pardoned all the reft. 1 think
F$cipio , who bare great ſway at that timein Rom , and wasa man of greateſt account , did help him
at a pinch, who notwithſtanding was il} thought of, becauſe he did not alſo ſave the Conſull Maxcings,
and co..firm the peace concluded with the NumaNTINESs , conſidering it was made by Tiberixs his
Friend and Kinſman, But- theſe miſlikings grew chiefly through the ambition of T'iberi»s Friends,
_ _ _ and certainmen, which ſtirred him up againſt Scipso. . But yet it fell not out to open malice between
_ we them., neither followed there any hurt upon it. And ſurely 1 am perſwaded , that Tiberixs had not
pgs wer fallen into thoſe troubles he did afterwards, if Scipio AFRICAN had been preſent , when he paſſed
' thoſe things he preferred, . But Scipio was then in Wars at the Siege of Numa NT1A , when 7+
berius upon this occaſion paſſed theſe Laws. When the Romans in old time had overcome any of
their neighbours , for: ranſome they took oftentimes a great deal of their Land from them , part
whereof they ſold by the Crier , forthe benefit of the Common-wealth , and part alſo they reſerved
to: their State as a demean, which afterwards was let out to Farm for a {mall Rent yearly, to the
poor Citizens that had no Lands, Howbeit the rich men inhanced the Rent , and ſo began to thruſt
ont the poor men. Thereupon wasan Ordinance made, that no Citizen of ROME ſhould have above
Fugera, five bundred Acres of Land, This Law for a time did bridle the covetouſneſs of the rich men , and
did eaſe the poor alſo that dwelt in the Countrey , upon the Farms they had taken up of the Com-
' mon-wealth,and ſolived with their own , or with what their Anceſtours had from the beginning. Bur
in proceſs of time, their rich neighbours, by Names of other men ,. got their Farms over their heads ,
and in the end, the moſt of them were openly ſeen in it in their own Names. Whereupon, the poor
People being thus turned out of all , went with faint courage afterwards to the War , nor cared any
"0" Ip more for bringing up their Children, - So that in ſhort time, the Freemen left 1TALy , and Slaves
My ans ' antbarbarous People did repleniſh it, whom the rich men made to Plough thoſe Lands which they-had
called the wiſe. taken from the Romans. Caim Leliws, one of Scipio's friends, gave an attempt to-reform this
Tiberius Grac- abuſe : but becaule the chiefeft of the City were againſt him, fearing it would break out to ſome up-
wm roar, he defiſted from his purpoſe , and therefore he was called Lelixe the wiſe. But Tberixs being
bo Pegs. choſen Tribune , he did-forthwith prefer the reformation aforeſaid being_-allured unto it ( as divers
Writers report ) -by.:D:ophanes the Oratour , and Bloſſius the Philoſopher : of the which, D:ophaves
was-baniſhed from the City of M1TTLENE, and Bloſſivs the ITAL1AN from the City of Cunes ;
who:was Schollar and familiar unto' Antipater of TarSus atRome , by whom he was honoured for
certain Works of Philoſophy he dedicated unto him, And ſomealſo do accuſetheir Mother Cornelia,
whd did twit her Sons inthe teeth ,- that:the Romans did yet call her ;$:5350's Mother-in-law, and
nbvihe.Mother of the Gyacchi. Other ſay it was Spuries Poſt humins j a Companion of Tiberins, and
onexhat contended with him in eloquence,” For T iberiu- returning from the Wars , and finding him
far beyond himin fame reputation, and well beloved of every one , he ſought to excell him by attempt-
ing this noble Enterpriſe,: and of fo great expectation, --His own Brother __ in a certain Book ,
wrote:,: that as he went.to the Wars of NumanT1Aa, paſling through Tauscaw, he found the-
- Gouotrey'in manner unhabited : and'they that did follow the plough, or keep Feaftswete rhe moſt
of: them ſlaves, and'barbarous'People, come out of a ſtrange Countrey. Whereupon ever after it ran:
in his mind co bringthis Enterpriſe co paſs: which brought great troubles to their houſe, But in fine,
it was the People onely thar moſt ſerhis heart on fire to: cover honour ,, and that haſtened his determi--
ge | nation ;
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nation : firſt bringing him to it by Bils ſer upon every wall, in vow. Grd and upon the Tombs,
praying him by them to cauſe the poor Citizens of RoME to havetheir Lands reftored , which were
belonging to the. Common-wealth. This notwithſtanding he himſelf made not the Law alone of his
own head, but did it by the counſell and advice of the chiefeſt men of Rome, for vertue and eftima- Counſel!
tion ; among the which, Craſſ# the high Biſhop was one , and Aſutins Scevolsthe Lawyer, that then to Tiberius for
was Conſull, and Appixs Clodis his Father-in-law, And truly it ſeemeth, that never Law was made preferring the
with greater favour, then that which he preferred againſt ſo great injuſtice and avarice. For thoſe L*%
that ſhould have been puniſhed for tranſgreſling the Law, and ſhould have had the Lands taken from £* 487971.
them by force, which they unjuſtly kept againſt che Law of Roms , and that ſhould alſo have been
amerced for it , he ordained that they ſhould be paid by the Common-wealth to the value of the
Lands, which they held unjutly, and ſo ſhould leave them to the poor Citizens again that had no
Land, and lacked help and relief, Now , though the reformation eſtabliſhed by this Law, was done
with ſuch great favour, the People notwithſtanding were contented , and would forget all that was
paſt , ſo that they might have no more wrong offered them in time to come. But the rich men , and
men of great Poſſeſſions, hated the Law for their avarice, and for ſpite and ſelf-will ( which would
not let them yeeld ) they wereat deadly feud with the Lawyer that had preferred the Law, and ſought
by all device they could to diſſwade the People from it : telling them that Tiberizs brought in this
Lay Agraria again, to diſturb the Common-wealth, and to make ſome alteration in the State. Bur
they prevailed not : for Tiberius defending the matter, which of it ſelf was good and juſt, with
ſuch Eloquence as might have juſtified an evill cauſe, was invincible: and no man able to argue a-
gainſt him to confure him , when ſpeaking in the behalf of the poor Citizens of Roms ( the People Tiberius Ota-
being gathered round about the Pulpit for Orations ) he told them, that the wild Beaſts through tions.
ITALY had their Dens and Caves of abode , and that the men thag fought, and were lain for their
Couyntrey , had nothing elſe but ayr and light , and ſo were compelled to wander up and down with
their Wives and Children, having no reſting place nor houſe ro pur their heads in : and that the
Captains do but mock their Souldiers , when they m—_— them in Batrel] to fight valiantly for
the Graves , the Temples, their own Houſes , and their Predeceſſours. For, ſaid he, of ſuch a num-
ber of poor Citizens as there be, there cannot a man of them ſhew-any ancient Houſe or Tomb
of their Anceſtors - becauſe the poor men do go to the Wars ,- and be (lain for the rich mens
pleaſures and wealth : beſides , they falfly call them Lords of the Earih, where they have not a hand-
full of Ground that is theirs. Theſe and ſuch other like words being uttered before all the People
with ſuch vehemency and troth , did ſo move the common People withall , and put them in ſuch a TY
rage, that there was no Adverſary of his able to withſtand him; Therefore, leaving to 'contra-
ry and deny the Law by argument the rich mendid put all their truſt in Marc Oftaviss, Colleague
and fellow Tribune with T ;beri«s in Office, who was a grave and wiſe young man, and T iberias very
familiar friend, So that the firſt time they came to him , to oppoſehim againſt the confirmation'of
this Law , he prayed them to hold him excuſed, becauſe 7 iberias was his very friend, . But in the end,
being compelled unto it through the great number of the rich men that were importunate with him,
he did withſtand Tiberius Law, the which was enough to overthrow it. Epr if any one of the Tribunes araycus Of4-
ſpeak againſt it , though all the other paſs with it , he overthroweth jt : becauſe they all can do vius Tribune,
nothing, if one of them be againſt it. Tberi*s being very much offended with it , proceeded no fur- 4id withſtand
ther in this firſt favourable Law, but ina rage preferred another more gratefull ro the common People, Tiberius Law.
as alſo more extream againſt the rich, In that Law he ordained , that whoſoeyer had any Lands con-
trary to the ancient Laws of ROME , that he ſhould preſently depart from them. But thereupon
there fel] out continuall brawls in the Pulpit for Orations, againſt Ofavizs : in the which though Themodeſt
they were very earneſt and vehement one againſt another , yet there paſſed no foul words from them concencion be.
(how hot ſoever they were one with another ) that ſhould ſhame his Companion, Whereby it appear- Cn .
eth , that to be well brought up, breedeth ſuch a ſtay and knowledge in a man , not onely in things of ** —_
pleMbre co make him regard his credit , both in word and deed , but in paſſion and anger alſo , and in
their greateſt ambition of glory. Thereupon Tiberixs finding that this Law among others touched
Oftavins , becauſe he joyned a great deal of Land that was the Common-wealths , he prayed him ſe-
cretly to contend no more againft him , promiſing him-ro give him of his own , the value of thoſe
Lands which he ſhould be driven to forſake , although he was not very able to perform it, But when
he ſaw Oftavins would not be perſwaded, he then preferred a Law that all Magiſtrates and Officers
ſhould ceaſetheir Authority , till the Law was either , paſt or rejected , by voices of the People : and
thereupon he ſet his own Seal upon the Doors of the Temple of Saturne, where the Coffers of the
Treaſure lay , becauſe the Treaſurers themſelves during that time , ſhould neither take out nor put in
any thing , upon great Penalties to be forfeired by the Prztors or any other Magiſtrate of authority
that ſhould break this Order. Hereupon , all the Magiſtrates fearing this Penalty, did leave co exer-
ciſe their Office for the time. But then the rich men that were of great Livings, nd their Apparell,
and walked very ſadly up and down the Market-place , and layed ſecret wait to take 7 iberims having
hired men to kill him : which cauſed Tiberius himſelf, openly before them all; ro wear a ſhort Dag-
ger under his long Gown, properly called in Latin , Dolon. When the day came that this Law ſhould \
be ſtabliſhed, Tiberius called the People to give their voyces : and the rich men on the other fide , |
they took away the Pots by force , wherein the Papers of mens voyces were thrown , fo that
there was like to fall out a ſtir upon it. For the FaRtion of Tiberi*s was the ſtronger fide, by the
number of People chat were gathered about him for that purpoſe : had it not been for Manlius
and
—_
- = & » a
F ow % «ig 3 .
4. :
CR ee ——_ - -— -
——TIRERIVS & CA TOS
——_—— —_
Tiberius depo-
ſerh Ofavius
of his Tri-
buneſhip.
Tiberius pre-
ferrech the
Law Agraria,
and Fulvius , both the which had been Conſuls ; who went unto him , and. beſought him with the
tears intheir eyes , and holding up their hands , that he would let the Law alone.” Tiberius there-
upon, foreſecing the inſtant danger of ſome great miſchief, as alſo forthe reverence he bare unto
two ſuch noble Perſons , he ſtayed a little , and asked them what they would have him to do; They
made anſwer, that they were not able ro counſel] him in a matter of ſo great weight, but they prayed
him notwithſtanding, he would be contented to refer it to the judgement of the Senate. There.
upon he granted them preſently. Burt afterwards perceiving that the Senate ſate upon it, and had
determined nothing , becauſe the rich men were of roo great authority , he entred into another de-
vice that was neither honeſt nor meet ; which was to deprive OZaviw of his Tribuneſhip , knowing
that otherwiſe he could not” poflibly come to paſs the Law. But before he took that courſe, he 0.
penly intreated him inthe face” of the People with courteous words, and took him bythe hand, and
prayed him to ſtand no more againſt him ; and to do the People this pleaſure , which requireda mat-
rer juſt and reaſonable, and onely requeſted this ſmall recompence for the great pains they took in
ſervice abroad for their Countrey. Otavixs denied him plainly. Then ſaid Tiberius openly, that
both of them being Brethren in one ſelf place and authority , and contrary one to another in a mat-
ter of ſo great weight , this contention could not be poſlibly ended , without civill war : and that
he could ſee no way to remedy it , unleſs one of them two were depoſed from their Office, There-
upon he bad OFavims begin firſt with him , and he would riſe from the bench with a good will, and
become a private man ; if the People were ſo contented. Ofavims would do nothing in it, Tiberias
then replied , that he would be doing with him, if he altered not his mind , upon 'a better breath and
conſideration ; .and ſo diſmiſſed the Aſſembly tor that day, The next morning the People being a-
gain aſſembled , 7;beri«s going up to his Seat , attempted again to perſwade Oftavins to leave off,
In fine, finding him ftill a man unremoveable, he referred the matter to the voices of the People,
whethier they were contented O#avizs ſhould be depoſed from his Office. Now there wete five and
thirty Tribes of the People, of the which ſeventeen of them had already paſſed their voices againſt
Oftavins, ſo that there remained but one Tribe more to put him out of his Office. Then Tiberias
made them ftay for proceeding any further , and prayed 0#avixs again, embracing him before all
the People , withall the intreaty poſlible , that for ſelf-will ſake he would not ſuffer ſuch an open
ſhame to be doneunto him, as'to be put out of his Office , neither alſo to make him the occaſion and
inſtr:iment of ſp pitifull a deed. They ſay that Ofaviss at this laſt intreaty was ſomewhat moved and
won by his perſwaſions , and that weeping , he ſtayed a long time , and made no anſwer. Burt when
he looked upon the rich men that ſtood in a great company together he was aſhamed (1 think) to
have their ill wills , and rather betook himſelf ro the loſs of his Office , and ſo bad Tiberius do what
he would. Thereupon he being deprived by voices of the People , Tiberixs commanded one of his
infranchiſed bonidmen to pull him out of the Pulpit for Orations : for he uſed his infranchifed bond-
men inſtead of Sergeants, ' This 'made the fight ſo much more lamentable , to fee Ofaviss thus
Thametully pluckt away 'by force. Yea furthermore , the common People would have run upon
him , but the rich' men came to reſcue him, and would not ſuffer them to do him further hurt. So
Oftavins ſaved himſelf rurining away alone, after he had been reſcued thus from the fury of the
People. Moreover, there Was a faithfull Servant of Oftaviue , who ſepping before his Maſter to
Tave him from hurt , had his eyes pulled out againſt Tiberius mind, who ran to the reſcue with
all ſpeed when he heard the noiſe, After that, the Law Agraria paſſed for diviſion of Lands, and
three Commiſſioners were appointed ro make inquiry and diſtribution thereof, The Commilſio-
ners appointed were theſe ; Tiberius himſelf , Appius Clodins his Father-in-law , and Caizs
Gracchys his Brother , who were'not at thar time in ROME, but in the Camp with Scipio Arn1-
CAN, at the Siege of the City 'of NuMAaNTIAa. Thus Tiberizs very quietly paſſed over theſe
matters, and no man durſt withſtand him; and furthermore , he ſubſtituted 'in Of aviss place no
man of quality , but onely one of his followers, called 2{rixs. For which cauſe the Noble-men were
ſore offended with him , and fearing the increaſe of his greatneſs , they being in the Senate+houſg,did
what they could poſſible ro'do him deſpite and ſhame. For when Tiberi»s demanded a Tent & the
charge of the Common-wealth , when he ſhould go abroad to make diviſion of theſe Lands, as
they uſually granted unto others, that many times went in far meaner Commiſſions , they flatly
denied him: and through the procurement of P.X «fica (who being a greatlanded man in his Coun-
trey , ſhewed himſelf inthis Aion his mortall Enemy , taking it grievoully to. be compelled to de-
part from his Land:) onely granted him nine of their Oboli a day, for his ordinary allowance, But
the People on the other fide were all in an uproar againft the rich, Inſomuch as one of Tiberi»s
friends being dead upon the ſuddain , upon whoſe body being dead there appeared very ill Signs,
the common People ran ſuddainly to his Buriall , and cried out , that he was poyſoned. And
ſo taking up the Biere whereon his Body lay upon their ſhoulders, they were preſent at the fire
of his Funerals , where _—— appeared certain Signs ro make them ſuſpe& , chat indeed
there was vehement cauſe ' of preſumption he was poyſoned, For his Belly burft , whereout
there iſſued ſuch abundance of corrupr humours , that they put out the firſt fire , -and made
them ferch another , the 'which alſo they could not make to burn , untill that they were com-
pelled to carry the Body into ſome other place , where notwithſtanding they had much ado to
make it burn, Tiberizs ſeeing that, ro make the common People mutiny the more , be put 0n
mourning Apparel, and brought his Sons before them , and-beſought the People to be good
onto them and their Mother , as one that deſpaired of his health and fafery. About that time
died
Ws
4 ki; -
Ly
: _— *;
OO — @—— NR —
CC mu OCR — - - —_ — Fj
TIBERIVS ad CAFUS
— —_—
g— ---
died Attalus firnamed Philopatcr \ and Znudemns PER GAMENTAN brought his Will to RoM& in
the which he made the People of Row his Heir. Wherefore T3berius "Fin to increaſe the good Wks A
will of the common People rowards him , preferred a Law mimediatly , that the ready Money that m— "owt
came by the Inherizance of this King , ſhould be diſtributed among the poor Citi*ens; on whiofe Lot ple of Rome
it thould fall ro have any" part of the diviſion of the Lands of the Common-wealth to furniſh Ps Heir.
them cowards bouſe , and vo'ſer up their Tillage. Furthermore. , he ſaid , that concernitg rhe £ — og
Towns and Cities of the Kingdom of Art4/us, the Senare had nothing to do to rake any order with Analns Mo E
chem , bur that the People were to diſpoſe of them, and that he himielf would put it our. Thar ny.
made him again more hated of the Senate then before , inſomuch as there was one Pompy a Senator ,
that ſtanding up, faid , that he was het. neighbour unto T 562yi%s , and thar by reafon of his neigh«
bour-hood he knew that E 4dewws PERGAMENIAN had given bim one of King A4rral-s Royall
Bands , with a purple Gown befides , for a token that he ſhould one day be King of Rome. And
Quintus Metellns alſo reproved him, for that his Father being Cenſor , the ROMa ns having ſup-
ped in the Town, and repaiting every man home to his houſe , they did put out their Torrhes and
Lights, becauſe men ſeeing them return , they ſhould not think they ratried too long in company
banquetting : and that in contrary manner , the ſeditious and needy rabble of the common People did
light his Son home , and accompany him all night long up and down the Town, Art that timethere _. ;
was one Titus Annius , a man that had no goodneſs nor honeſty in him , howbeir taken for a great 4 "ng "dy
reaſoner , and for a ſubtill queſtioner and anſwerer. He provoked 7 iberixs to anſwer him, whether ner AE
he had not committed a ſhamefull Fa& againſt his Companion and Brother Tribune, tro defame him werer of
that by the” Laws of Rows ſhould have been holy and untouched. The People took this pro- things:
vocation very angrily, and Tiberius alſo coming out, and having aſſembled the People , comman-
ded them to bring this Annivs before him , 'thar he might be endired in the Marker-place. But he
finding himſelf far inferiour unto Tiberi»s both in Dignity and Eloquence, ran to his fine ſub-
till queſtions, to take a man at his word : and prayed Tiberias before he did proceetl to his Accuſa-
tion , that he would firſt anſwer him to a queſtion he would ask him. Tiberi*z bad him ſay what be
would. So filence being made , Annins asked him : If thou wouldeſt defame me, and offer me in-
jury, and that 1 called one of thy Companions to help me , and he ſhowld riſe to cake my part,
and anger thee : wouldeſt thou therefore pur him out of his Office ? It is reported Tiberius was
ſo gravelled with this queſtion, that though he was one of the readieſt ſpeakers, and the boldeſt in
his Orations of any man, yet at that time he held his peace”, afid -had no power to ſpeak , and
therefore he preſently diſmiſſed the Aſſembly, Afterward , underſtanding that of all the things he
did, the depoling of O#avins from his Office was thought ( not-onely of the Nobility , but of the
common People alſo ) as foul and wilfull a part as ever he played , for that thereby he had imbaſed
and utterly overthrown the Dignity of the Tribunes , the which was always had in great venera-
tion untill chat preſent time : to excuſe himſelf theretore , he made an ekcellent Oration to the Peo-
ple , whereof we will ſet down ſome ſpeciall Points , that you may the berter diſcern thereby the __, .-. .
force and effe& of his Eloquence, © The Tribuneſhip (ſaid he }indeed was a Holy and Sacred thing, The Oveclod
*< as particularly conſecrated to the People , and eſtabliſhed for -their benefir and ſafery : where G,,.,,
&« contrariwiſe , if the Tribune do offer the People any wrong, he thereby miniſherh their power, and rouching the
* taketh away the means from them: to declare their wils by voices ,; beſides that he doth alſo imbaſe power and |
* his own authority , leaving to do the thing for the which his Authority was firſt given him; Or — of
& otherwiſe we could not chuſe , not ſuffer a Tribune, if it pleaſed him to overthrow the Capitoll, the Tribune
*© or to ſet fire on the Arſenall, and yet notwithſtanding this wicked part , if it were commited, he
© ſhould be Tribune of the People ſtill, though a leud Tribune. Brt when he goeth about to rake a-
*© way the authority and power of the People , then he is no more a Tribune. Were not this againſt
*< alt reaſon, think you, that a Tribune when hi lift; may rake # Conſull, and commit him to Priſon ?
© and that the People ſhould not withſtand the Authoriry of the Tribune , who gave hith the ſame,
« when he would uſe his authority tothe prejudice of the People? for the People are they that do
* chuſe both Conſull and Tribune, Furthermore, the Kingly Dignity ( becauſe in the ſawe is con-
* tained the abſoltite authority and power of all other kinds of Magiſtrates and Offices together } is
© conſecrated with very great and holy Ceremonies ; drawing very tear unto the god-head : and yer
* the People expulſed King T arquiz, becauſe he uſed his authority with —_— z and for the injury
© he offered one man onely , the moſt ancient rule and governrment ( by the which the foundation of
** Rome was firſt laid ) was utterly aboliſhed, who is there in all the City of Rox tobe
© reckoned ſo holy as the Veſtall Nuns , which have the cuſtody and keeping of the everlaſting Fire?
«and yet if any of theſe be taken in fornication, ſhe is buried alive for her offence t for when the
& are not holy tothe gods, they loſe the liberry they have , in reſpect of ſerving the gods. Even fo
*© 2lfo it is unmeet , thar the Tribune if he offend the People , ſhould for the Peoples fake be reveren-
< ced any more , ſeeing that through his own folly he had deprived himfelf of that authority they gave
< him. And if it be ſo that he be choſen Tribune by the moſt part of the ttibes of the People, then by
© reaſon is he juſtly deprived that by all the whole Tribes rogether is forſaken and depoſed. There
< is tothing more holy nor inviolate t CE IEES the” gods : and yer ir was never ſeen
© chiat any man did forbid the People to take them, to remove and rranfport them from place to plate,
* as they thought good. Even fo, they may as lawfully transfer the* Office of the Tribune unto any
© other, as any other Offering conſecrated tothe gods. Furthermore , ir is manifeſt chat any Officer or
* Magiſtrate mey lawfully depoſe himſelf : for rt hath beer! often feen;, that men in Office —
prive
—
TIBERIVUS: and CAIVS.
< rrived themſelves , or otherwiſe ſued-to be diſcharged, This was the effe&t of 75berixs Purgation.
Now his friends peefeiviog the threats the rich and Noblemen gave our againſt him , they wiſhed him
for the ſafety.;of his Perſon , to make ſyite to be Tribune again the next year. Whereupon he be-
Other Laws gan to flatter thecommon People again afreſh , by new Laws which he preferred : by the which he
made by Tibe- took away the time and number of years preſcribed , when every Citizen of ROME was bound to
jus Gracdbus. 0 to the Wars. being called , and his Name Billed, - He made it lawfull alſo for men to appeal
from ſentence of the Judges unto the People , and thruſt in alſo am the Senatours ( which then
| had abſolute authority to judge among themſelves) a like number of the Roman Knights , and by
this means ſought to weaken and .imbaſe the authoriry of the Senate, i alſo the power of
* the People, more. of malice then any reaſon, or for any juſtice or benefit tothe Common-wealth,
Furthermore, when it came to the.gathering of the - voices of rhe People for the confirmation of his
new Laws , finding that his Enemies were the ftronger in the Aſſembly, becauſe all the People were
' not Yet come together , he fell a ——_ with his Brethren the Tribunes,always to win them ;
. and yet inthe end brake up the Afſembly , commanding them to return the next- morning. There
be would be the firſt man in the Market-place, apparelled all in black , his face beblubbered with
tears, and looking heavily upon the matter, praying the People aſſembled to have compaſſion upon
him, ſaying, that he was afraid left his Enemies would come in the night, and overthrow his houſe to
Unlucky figns kill him, Thereupon the People were ſo moved withall , that many of them came and brought their
unco- Tiberius. Tents, and lay about his houſe to watch it, Ar the break of the day , the Keeper of the Chickens
; by ſigns of the which they do divine of things to come ) brought them unto him, and caſt them
Naku Meat before them. None of them would come out of the Cage but one onely, and yet with
much ado, ſhaking the Cage : and when it came out , it would 'eat no Meat , but onely lift up her
' left Wing, and put forth her Leg , and ſo ran into the Cage again. This ſign made Tiberius
remember another he had had before, He bad a marvellons fair Helmet and very rich , which he
wore in the Wars : under it were crept two Snakes unawares to any, and layed Egges, and hatch-
ed them. This made Tiberizs wonder the more , becauſe of the ill ſigns of the Chickens ; not-
withſtanding , he went out of his houſe when he heard that the People were aſſembled in the Capi-
toll ; but as he went out, he hit his foot ſuch a; blow againſt a ſtone at the threſhold of the Door,
that he brake the nail of his great Toe , which fell in ſuch a bleeding that it bled through his Shooe.
| Again , he had not gone far, but he ſaw upon the top of a houſe on his left hand, a couple of
. Ravens fighting 3 wo and notwithſtanding that there paſt a great number of People by , yet a
ſtone which one of theſe Ravens caft from them , came and fell hard at Tiberizs foot. The fall there.
of ſtayed the ſtouteſt man he had about him. , But Bloſſis the Philoſopher of Cum xs that did
accompany him, told him it were a great ſhame for him, and enough to kill the hearts of all his fol.
lowers, that 7 ber; being the, Son of Gracchws , and Nephew of Scipio the Arx1can , and the
chief man beſides of all the Peoples fide, for fear of a Raven , ſhould not obey his Citizens that
called him : and how that his Enemies and ill-willers would not make a laughing ſport of it, but
would plainly tell the People,, that this was a trick of a Tyrant that reigned indeed , and that for
| bride and difdain did abuſe the Peoples good wils.* Furthermore , divers Meſſengers came unto him,
and ſaid, that his. friends that were in the Capitoll, ſent ro pray him to make for all went well
with him, When he came thither , he was honourably received : for the People ſceing him coming,
cried out for joy to welcom him ,, and ar pag Ayr up to his Seat, they ſhewed themſelves
both carefull and loving towards him, looking warily - that none came near him , but ſuch as they
knew well. When e.»tius began again to call the Tribes of the People to give their voices, he
could not proceed according to the accuſtomed order in the like caſe ,for the great noiſe the hindmoft
Flaevius Flac- People made, thruſting forward , and being driven back , and one mingling with another, In the
= — mean time Flavixs Flaccus , one of the Senatours , got up into a place where all the People might
againſt Tibe. 7 ſee him, and when he ſaw that his voice could not be heard of Tiberius , he made a fign with his
TA hand that he had ſome matter of great importance to tell him, Tberixs ſtraight bad them make a
lane through the preſs. So, with much ado , Flavixs came at length unto him , and told him,
that the rich men in open Senate, when they could not frame the Conſull to their wils, determi-
ned themſelves ro_ come and kill him , , having a great number of their friends and bond-men armed
for the purpoſe. , Tiberi«s immediately declared this conſpiracy unto his friends and followers , who
ſtraight girr their long Gowns unto them , and brake the Sergeants - Javelins which they carried
in their hands ro make room among the People , and took the trunchions of the ſame to reſiſt
thoſe that would ſer upon chem, The People alſo that ſtood furtheſt off , marvelled ar it, and ask-
ed'what the matter was. Tiberims by a fign to tell them the danger he was in , laid both. his
hands on his head ,-becauſe they could not hear his voice for the: great noiſe they made. His E-
nemies ſeeing the ſign he gave, ran preſently to the Senate , crying out , that 7iberiws required
a Royall Band or Diademe of the People, and: that ic was an evident ſign , becauſe they ſaw bim
clap his hands upon his head. This Tale troubled all the company. Whereupon X 4ſca- be-
ſought the Conſull , chief of the Senate ,, to help the Common-wealth , and to take away this Ty-
rant, The Conſull gently anſwered again, that he would uſe no force, neither put any Citizen to
death , but lawfylly condemned '; as alſo he would not receive Tiberius , nor prote& him, if the
= People by his perſwaſion or eqmmandment ſhould commit any A contrary to the Law, XNafica
then riſing in anger , Sith the marter is ſo { ſaith he) chat the Conſull regarderh not, the Common-
wealth, all you then that will defend the Authority of che Law , follow me. Thercupon he caſt the
Skirr
TIBERIUS & CAIVUS. 689
ckirt of his Gown over high}, and went Rraight to the Capitoll. They that followed him atſo
took their-Gowns and wrapped "them 'aboue'ther arms , and laied at as many'as they might © Naſfice doth
make. them give way : and yer very ew of the People durſt meer_with ſuch States as they were toſer upon Tibe.
ſtay them, becauſe they were theefieteſt men of the City , bur every man flying from them, they Thits Gracchus.
fell one on anothers neck for hafte--They that tojlowed them , had brought trom home great Lea-
vers and Clubs;, and as they wefit they took up feet 'of Treftters and -Chairs which. the People had:
overthrown and broken, org oY » and thiedthem apace to meet with Tberizs , ſtriking ar
the that ſtood in their 'way':« ſ6#that in ſhorrſpace'they had diſperſed all the common People , and LEI
many were ſlain flying. 7 rberiug Teeing thar-,- berook him to his legs to ſave himſelf ;- but as he bon = _
was flying , one took him' by the Gown and'Rayed: him : burhe leaving his Gown behind: him , bune dai.
ran in his Coat, and running 'fell/ upon them that 'were down before, So, as he was riſing up a-
gain, the firſt man char ſtrake him ; and that was phainly ſeen ſtrike him , was one of the Tribunes
his Brethren, called. P#blins Satgreins, who gave him a great rap-on the head with' the foot of a
Chair , and the ſecond blow he had, was given him by Zcizs Rafus that boaſted of it, as if he
had done a notable at, In'this rumult, there were ſlain above three hundred -men, and were all
killed with Staves and Stones , and not one man hurt with any Iron, This was the firſt {edition among
the Citizens of RoME , that fell our with murder and bloudſhed , ſince the expulſion of the Kings,
Bur for all other former difſentions ( which were no trifles Ytley were eaſily pacified, either Party
giving place to other ; the Senate for fear of the Commoners , and the People for reverence they
bare to the Senate. And it ſeemeth that T36ersz himſelf would eaſily have yeelded alſo , if t
had proceeded by fair means and/perſwaſion, ſo they had meant good faith , and would have killed
no man ; for at that time he had not in /all above three thouſand men'of the people about him. Bur
ſurely it ſeemes rhis conſpiracy was executed againſt him , more for very ſpite and malice the rich men
did bear him , then for any other apparent cauſe they preſuppoſed againſt him; For proof hereof
may be alledged-, the barbarous cruelty they uſed to his Body-being dead. For they would not ſuffer
his own Brother ro have his Body to bury it by night , who made earneſt ſuite unto them for it;
but they threw him amongſt the other Bodies into*che River ; and yet this was not the worſt. RE...
ſome ot his friends, they baniſhed-withour form of 'Law , and others they pur to death which they +6 0mm
could meet withall. Among the whichthey flew- Diophanes the Orator, and one Caine Biblins, whom The cruel
they incloſed in a Pipe among Snakes and Serpents,-and put him to death in this ſort. Bloſſins allo the death of Cajus
Philoſopher of Cum zs, was brought before the Confuls, and examined about this matter: who boldly Biblius,
confeſſed unto them, that he did as much as T iber44- commanded him; When Naſca did ask him,
And what if he had commanded thee to ſet fire on the Capitoll> He'made him anſwer, that Tiberius
would never have given him any ſuch commandmem, And when diyers others atſo were till in hand
with him about that queſtion : But if he had commanded thee ? 1 would ſure have done it : ſaid he :
for he would never have commanded me to have doneit, it it had not been for the commodity of the
People. Thus he ſcaped at that time, and afterwards fled into As14 unto Ariſtonicis, whom misfor-
tune having overthrown , he flew himſelf. Now ; the Senate to pacifie the People at that preſent
rime did no more withſtand the Law' Agraria , for diviſion ofthe Lands of the Common-wealth, but
ſuffered the People'to appoint anotfier Commiſſioner for that purpoſe in Tiberius place. Thereupon
Publius Craſſus was choſen, beihg/allied unto Tiberixs, for Cains Gracchus ( Tiberius Brother ) had
married his Daughter Licimia.” Yet Cornelixe' Nepos faith, that it was not Craſſus Daughter Caims
married , but the Daughter of *Bryrw , that triumphed for the Lus1TAN1ans. Howbeit the beſt
Writers and' aithoriry agree 'with that we'wrice. ' But whatſoever was done, the People were mar-
vellouſly offended with his wins and men” mig eaſily perceive that they looked but for time and. .
opportunity to be revenged, and did'preſently-threaten 2 aca to accuſe him. Whereupon the Senate
fearing ſome trouble towards him! ,'deviſed a way'( upon no occafion to ſend him into A's 14; For
the common People did not diſſemble the malice they bare him” when they mer' bim , but were very
round with him ; and called him Tyrant, and' niurderer , excottimnunicate, and wicked man, that had
itnbrued' his hands in the bloud of the holy Tribune , and within the moſt ſacred Temple of- all the Ci-
ty. So in the end he was'inforcedto forſake ROM, though by his Office he was: bound to ſolemnize
ah the greateſt Sactifices, becauſe he was then chief Biſhop of R0MEr, Thus 'travelling out of his
Countey like a mean man , and troubled in his mind, hedied ſhortly after , not far from the Ciry of N#{: chief
PERGAMUS, ' Truly, itisnot greatly to be wondred at , though the People ſo much”hated I a ſieas by of
conſidering that' Scipio the ArrIClan himſelf ( whom the 'People'of Ro me for jufter cauſes had cat
loved beret then any man elſe whatſoever ) was like to have loſt all che Peoples good will they bare
him, becauſe chat.being at the Siege of Numa TIA, when news was brought him of Tiherizs death,
lie rang out this Verſe of Homer |
CT Suth end upon him ever light, ©* Scidio's ſen:
. Which in ſuch doin s doth delight. tence of- the
Furthermore , beirig asked in the afſembly of rhe People , by Cau and Fulvius, what he thought death of Tibe-
of Tiberius death : he anſwered them , that he did not like his doings: After that the People hand. 7% GracÞus,
led , him very. churliſhly , and did ever break off his Oration , which they never did before : and
he himſelf alſo would revile the People even in the Aſſembly, "Now Cairms Gracchns at the firſt
becauſe he feared the Enemies of” his dead Brother ', or otherwiſe , for that he ſought means
to make them more hated 'of the People , he abſented himſelf for a time out of the common
Aſſembly', 'and kept at homme , and medled nor , as a man contented ro live meanly , —
uying
Pt
TIBERIUS .& CATVUS.
bufying himſelf in the Common-wealth : infomuch as he made men think and report both , that
be did unerly miſlike thoſe matters which his Brother had preferred, Howbeit he was then but
a young man , and nine years younger then his Brother Ti6eriw , who was not thirty years
Caius Grachus 01d when he was lain. But in proceſs of time, he made his manners and conditions { by little
manners. and little ) appear , who hated ſloth and curioſity , and was leaſt of all given unto any coyerous
| mind of getting : for he gave himſelf to be Eloquent , as preparing him Wings afterwardsto pra.
Riſe in the Common-wealth. So that it appeared plainly , that when time came, he would not
ſtand Kill and look on. When one Yeftins a friend of his was ſued, he took upon himto defend
his Cauſe in Court, The people that were preſent , and heard him ſpeak, they leaped for joy to ſee
him : for he had ſuch an Eloquent Tongue, that all the Oratours beſides were but Children to him,
Hereupon the rich men began to be afraid again, and whiſpered among themſelves , that ir behoved
Caius Gracchus them to beware he came not to be Tribune, It chanced ſo that he was choſen Treaſurer,and it was
__ in his fortune to gointo the Iſle of SaxDiNni1a , with the Conſull Oreffes. His Enemies were glad
REO of that, and he himſelf.was not ſorry for it. For he was a Martiall man, and asskilfull in Arms as
he was elſe an excellent Oratour : but yet he was afraid to come into the Pulpit for Orations, and
mulliked to deal in matters of State, albeit he could not altogether deny the People , and his friends
that prayed his furtherance, For this cauſe therefore he was very glad of this Voyage,that he might
abſent himſelf for a time out of ROME : though divers were of Opinion , that he was more Popu-
lar, and deſirous of the common Peoples good will and favour , then his Brother had been before
him. But indeed he was clean contrary : for it appeared that at the firſt he was drawn rather againſt
his will, then of any ſpeciall defire he had to deal in the Common-wealth. Cicero the Oratour alſo
Caius Gracchus ſaith , that Cain was bent altogether to flie from Office in the Common-wealth, and to live quietly
Vion and as a private man, But Tiberius ( (aims Brother ) appeared to him in his ſleep, and calling him by
Dream, his Name, ſaid unto him : Brother, why doeſt thou prolong time, for thou canſt not poſſibly eſcape ?
For we were both predeſtinated to one manner of lite and death , for procuring the benefit of the
People. Now whefi Cains arrived in SARDINIA , he ſhewed all the proofs that might be in
a valiant man , and excelled all the young men of his age in hardineſs againſt his Enemies, in juſtice
to his Inferiours, and inlove and obedience towards the Conſull his Captain : but in Temperance ,
Sobriety , and in Painwulneſs, be excelled all them that were elder then he, The Winter by chance
fell out very ſharp , and full of ſickneſs in SaxDiniAa : whereupon the Conſull ſent unto the
Cities to help his Souldiers with ſome cloaths : but the Towns ſent in poſt to Roms , to pray
the Senate they might be diſcharged of that burden, The Senate found their allegation reaſonable,
whereupon they wrote to the Conſullto find ſome other means to cloath his People, The Con-
ſull could make no other ſhift for them, and ſo the poor ſouldiers in the mean time ſmarted for it,
But Caivs Gracchns went himſelf unto the Cities, and ſo perſwaded them , that they of themſelves
ſent to the Rowans Camp ſuch things as they lacked. This being carried to ROME, it was
thought ſtraight it was a prety beginning to creep into the Peoples favour , and indeed it made the
Senate alſo afraid. In the neck of hat , there arrived Ambafſadours of Arr1cx at Rows,
ſent from King Micipſa , who told the Senate that the King their Maſter , for Cains Gracchu ſake,
had ſent their Army Corn into SARD1N1a. The Senatours were ſo offended withall, that they
thruſt the Ambaſſadours out of the Senate , and ſo gave order that other Souldiers ſhould be ſentin
their places that were in SARDINIA : and that Ore ſhould ftill remain Conſall there, meaning al-
ſo to continue {'aiss their Treaſurer, But when he heard of it , he ſtraight took Sea, and returned
8 I to _—_— in __— When men ow Cain — Now E ap wary , he was _—_ for it,
r pray not onely by his Enemies , but by the common People alſo, w moug t his return very ſtrange be-
a. fore his ua under whom he was Treaſurer. He being accuſed hereof before the Cenſors,
prayed he might be heard. So, anſwering his Accuſatign, hefo turned the Peoples minds that heard
him, that they all ſaid , he had open wrong, For he told them , that he had ſerved twelve years in
the Wars, where others were enforced to remain bur ten years : and that he had conti Trea-
ſurer under his Captain the ſpace of three years , where the Law gave him Liberty to return ar
the end of one year. -And that he alone of all men elſe that had been in the Wars , had carried
his Purſe full , and brought it home empty ; where others having drunk the Wine which they car-
ried thither in Veſſels, had afterwards brought them home full of Gold and Silver. Afterwards they
went about to accuſe him as acceſſary to a conſpiracy that was revealed in the Ciry of FxeGzLLEs,
But having cleared all that ſuſpicion , and being diſcharged, he preſently made ſuit to be Tribune :
wherein he had all the men of qualiry his ſworn Enemies. On the other fide alſo he had ſo great
favour of the common People, that there came men out of all parts of Ir a Ly to be at his Election,
and that ſucha number of them, as there was not lodging to be had for them all. Furthermore , the
Field of Mars not being large enough to hold ſuch a multitude of People , there were that gave their
voices upon the tops of houſes. Now the Noblemen could no otherwiſe lett the People of their will ,
nor prevent Caiws of his hope, but where he thought to be the firft Tribune , be was onely pro-
nounced the - fourth. But when he was once poſſeft Officer, he became immediately the chict man,
becauſe he was as Eloquent as any. man of his time. And furthermore , he had a large occafion of
calarhicy offered him : which made him bold to ſpeak , bewailing the death of his Brother. For
what matters ſoever he ſpake of, he always fell in talk of that, remembring them what matters
had paſſed, and laying before them the examples of their Anceſtours , who in old time had made
War. with the PHaiisGts , by means of one Genmrine Tribune of the People , unto whom
| : t
gas _ a
— ——
er _—_—————
—_ WF WY WY _7W
TIF ERIVS and CAIVS.
had offered injury :-who alfa did condemn Cairns Peterins to death; becauſe that he onely would
oo ike a Ttthabe piece contig thevugh the Market-place: Whitetheſe, ſaid he, in your wekacs
znid\before your faces, have (lain my brother T. iberius with ſtaves, -and'have dragged his body from
themounc of 'the Capitol, and Ciry over, to'rhrow it into the River : and with him alfo have
moſt cruelly (lain-al} his friends they #ould comeby; without any#w'6r jtiſticeat all. And yer by an
ancient-cuſtom bf long time obſerved in-this City'0f ROME, whetny man is acculed of Treaſon, and
thar of dury he muſt appear at the'rime appointed him, they do notwithſtanding in the morning ſend
x Trumpet to his houſe, to ſuminon-him ro appear ; and moreover the' Judges were not wont to con-
demn him, before his ceremony was performed : fa carefull and reſpective were our predeceſſors, where _
it-couched the life of any-RoMAN, »Now Cains having firſt ſtirred'up the people with'theſe perſwaſi-
6ns' (for be had +marvellous loud voice) he preferred: two laws 2 © 03 06} |
-i! The firſt, that he chat had-once'been pur our of Office by the people,” ſhould nevet after be capable _, No
ofany other Office. ; e2u2Tfd. C22 WEE AY 9 ns £ ———
:n2/The ſecond,”rhar if any Conſut had baniſhed any Citizen without Tawfull accuſation, the ſentence ©
und hearing of the -marter ſhould- pertain to the people; oo.
v7: The firſt of theſe two laws did plainly defattie Oft avis, whom Tibe7i1s bis brother had by the peo-
mr from the Tribuneſhip. ' The ſecond alfo touched Pop:tizzs, who being Pretor, had baniſhed
brother. 7#bevi4s friends ; whereupon he ſtaid not the trial, ' but willingly exiled himſelf out of
Itavy. iAndGtouching the firſt law, (ai* himfelf did afterwards tevoke it, declaring unto the
people tharhs had ſaved O&avinzrat the requeſt 'of his mother /orneliz, The people were very glad
of it; and'cotifirmed ir, honouring her no leſs for reſpect of her ſons, then alſo for Sc:pro's ſake het
father. For'afterwards'they caſt her image in braſs, and ſet it up with this inſcription : Cornelia che —
marhey of che'Gracehi, Many common - matters are found written touching Cornelia his mother, and [um of te
eloquently pleaded in her bebalf; by Caiws againſt her adverſaries. As when he ſaid unto one of them : Gracchi honon.
How dareſt thou preſume to ſpeakevil of Cornelia -that had Tiberius to her ſon ? And-the other party red by the peo+
alſo that ſlandered her, being ſorely ſuſpected for a Sodomite ; And arr thou ſo impudent, ſaid he, to P!* 9 Rome.
ſhew-thy face before Cornelia? Haſt thou brought forth children as ſhe hath done*- and yer it is well
known to allmen'iin Rows, that ſhe being but a woman, hath lived longer without a man, then thou
tharart a man. \Thus were Caias words tharp and ſtinging, and many ſuch like asare to be gathered
out of his writings,” Furthermore, he made many other laws afterwards toencreaſe the peoples aurho-
"ray, and'ts imbaſe the Senates greatneſs, ' Ot _ _
# Thefirſt was; for the reſtoring of the Colonies to Roms, in'dividing the lands of the Common- "wi
brealth unto the poor Citizens that ſhould inhahit there. | |
:\The other, that they ſhould apparell-che Souldiers at the charge of the Commonwealth, and that it
- ſhould not be deducted out of their pay : and alſo that no Citizen ſhould be billed to ſerve in the wars,
under ſeventeeryears of age at the leaſt.
-i/Another law was; for their Confederates of IT Aa Ly, that through all Ita ty they ſhould have as
free voices in the eleftion of - any Magiſtrate, as the natural Citizens of Rom it ſelf,
- Another, ſetting a reaſonable price of the Corn that ſhould be diſtributed unto the poor people.
Another touching judgment, whereby he did greatly miniſh the authority of the Senate.
. For before, the:Senators wete onely Judges of all matters, the which made them to be the more
honoured and feared of the people, and the Roxa n Knights : and now he joyned three hundred Ro-
MAN Knights unto the other three hundred - Senators, and. brought ſo to paſs, that all matters
judicial ſhould be equally judged among thoſe fix tundred men. After he had paſſed this law, it is re+
ported he was very curious in obſerving all other ' things, but this one thing ſpecially, that where all
other Orators ſpeaking to the people turned them towards the palace where the Senators ſatg, and to
thar' fide of the Market-place which is called Comrixm : he in contrary manner when he made his
Oration, turned him outwardstowards the other fide of the Market-place, and after that kept it con-
ftantly, and never failed. Thus by a little turning and altering of his look onely, he removed a great
marter. For he ſo transferred all the Government of the Commonwealth from the Senate unto the
judgement: of the people, to teach the Orators by his example, that in their Orations they ſhould
behold the-people; not the Senate. Now, the people having not onely confirmed the law he made
touching the Judges, but given bim alſo full power and authority to chuſe among the Ro a x Knights ,, _ ;
fuch as he liked of, he found thereby he had abſolure power in his own hands, inſomuch as -—-——_ "
the Senators themſelyes did ask counſel of him. So did he'ever give good counſel, and did pre-
fer' matters meet for their honour. As amongſt others, the law he made touching certain Q,jer laws of
Wheat” that . Fabius Vice Prztor had ſent out of Sya1Nn,- which was a good and honourable Caius Gracchus
aCt ; he perſwaded the Senate that the Corn might be ſold , and fo to ſend back again the mo-
ney thereof. unto the Towns and Cities from whence the Corn came : and therewithall to puniſh
Fabins for that he made the Empire of Ro » = hatefull and intollerable unto the Provinces and ſub-
jects of the ſame. This matter wan him great love and commendation of all rhe Provinces ſubjeR to
RonE. Furthermore, he made laws for the reſtoring of the decayed Towns, for mending High-
ways, for building of Garners for proviſion of Corn. And to' bring all theſe things to paſs, he
himſelf rook upon him the onely care and eriterpriſe, being never wearied with , pains taken
in ordering of ſo great affairs. For, he followed all thoſe things fo earneſtly and efieually, as if
he had had but one matter in hand : inſomuch that they who moſt hated and feared him, wondred
much to ſee his diligence and quick diſpatch in matters. The people alſo wondred much to behold
Nnn him
al eau
igh-wa
ficably dong,;; For qu) caſt the cauſes by
Wazery
with an
The I:4/j41
mile conrains
eight furlongs.
Liuiur Druſus
one of the Tri-
cs,
| G dey
to And
hated Cas for that he had charged the poor Cizizcns with an annual rent far the lands
that were divided unto them, Lswius in concrary.manner did pleaſe them by d: i of that
rent and ting them bave the lands ſcoxfree. - Furthermore alſo, where' Cams: did
— becauſe he gave the LatinEzs the freedom of ROME te give their yoices: mn
of Magiſtrates as freely as the natural Romans, when Druſas on the other fide had preferred a
law that thenceforth no Rowan ſhould whip a ſouldier of the La T1 nes with rodste.che W
they liked the law, and paſt it. Livixs alſo in every law be put forth ſaid in all his Orations, that
did it by the counſel] of the Senate, who were very carefull for the profit of the people ; and thi
was all the good be did in bis office unto the Commonwealth. For by this means the
fl
i
tHtr;
. pon
Druſus in the mean time taking occaſion of his abſence, did as mub
the common people, and fpecially by accuſing Falvixs who was ©
TIBERIVUS and CAIUS.
693
and whom they had alſo choſen Commiſſioner with him for the diviſion of theſe lands among the
Citizens whom they ſent to repleniſh theſe Colonies. This Fulvix4 was a ſeditious man, and thete-
fore marvellouſly hated of the Senate, and withall ſuſpected alſo of them that took patr with the
people, that he ſecxerly praRtiſed to make their Cotifederates of ITALY to tebell. Bur yer they
had no evident proof of it to juſtifie it againſt him, more then that which he himſelf did verifie,
becauſe he ſeemed to be offended with the peace and quietneſs they enjoyed. And this was one of the
chiefeſt cauſes of Caius overthrow, becauſe that Fulvszs was partly hatred for his ſake. For when
Scipio AFRICAN was found dead one morning in his houſe, without any manifeſt cauſe how he
ſhould come to his death ſo ſuddenly (ſaving that there appeared certain blind marks of tripes on
his body, that had been given him, as we have declared at large in his life) rhe moſt part of the ſuf-
pition of his death was laid to Fulvizs, being his mortal enemy, and becauſe the ſame day they had
been at great words together in the Pulpit for Orations. So was Cai Graccbus alſo partly ſuſpe&ted
for it. Howſoever it was, ſuch a horrible murther as this, of ſo famous and worthy a man as any
was in ROME, was yet notwithſtanding never revenged, neither any inquiry made of it, becaule
the common people would not ſuffer the accuſation to go forward, fearing leſt Caius would be
found in fault, if the matter ſhould go forward, But this was a great while before. Now Cas at
that time being in A#K1cx about the re-edifying and tepleniſhing of the Ciry of CaxTHAGE
again, the which he named Jux0 x14, the voice goerh that he had many ill fignes and tokens ap-
peared unto him, For the ſtaff of his Enſign was broken with a vehement blaſt of wind, ahd with
the force of the Enſign-bearer that held it faſt on the other ſide. There came a flaw of wind alſo that
carried away the ſacrifices upon the Altars, and blew them quite out of the circuit which was marked
out for the compaſs of the City. Furthermore, the Wolves came and took away the marks which
they had ſet down to limit the bounds of their circuit, and carried them quite away. This notwith-
ſtanding, Caizs having diſpatched all things in the ſpace of threeſcore and ten days, he returned incon-
tinently to Rome, underſtanding that Fulvius was oppreſſed by Druſus, and that thoſe matters
required his preſence, For Lucius Hoſtilizs that was all in all for the Nobility, and a man of great
credit with the Senate, being the year before put by the Conſulſhip by Cais praftiſe, who cauſed
. Fannius to be choſen, he had good hope this year to ſpeed, for the great number of friends that
furthered his ſuir. So that if he could obtain it, he was fully bent to ſer Cas beſide the ſaddle, and the
rather, becauſe his eſtimation and countenance he was wont to have among the people, began now
to decay, for that they were full ef ſuch devices as his were : becauſe rhere were divers others that
preferred the like to pleaſe the people withall, and yer with the Senates great good will and favour.
So Caius being returned to ROME , he removed from his houſe, and where before he dwelt in
mount Palatine, he came now to take a houſe under the Market-place, to ſhew himſelf thereby the
lowlier and more popular, becauſe many of the meaner ſort of the people dwelt thereabouts, Then
he purpoſed to go forward with the reſt of his laws, and to make the people to eſtabliſh them, a
reat number of people repairing to Romz out of allparts for the furtherance thereof, Howbeir
the Senate counſelled the Conſull Fannixs to make proclamation, that all thoſe which were no natu-
ral RoMaNs, reſident and abiding within the City ſelf of Rom, that they ſhould depart out of
RomE. Beſides all this there was a ſtrange proclamation made, and never ſeen before ; that none
of all the friends and Confederates of the Romans for certain days ſhould come into Rome.
But Caixs on the other fide ſet up bills on every poſt, accuſing the Conſul for making ſo wicked a pro-
clamation : and further, promiſed the Confederates of Rome to aid them, if they would remain
there againſt the Conſuls proclamation. But yet he performed it not : for when he ſaw one of Fan-
#ius Sergeants carry a friend of his to priſon, he held on his way, and would ſee nothing, neither
did he help him : either of likelihood becauſe he feared his credit with the people , which began to
decay, or elſe becauſe he was loth (as he ſaid) to pick any quarrel with his Enemies, which ſoughc
it of him. Furthermore, he chanced to fall at variance with his brethren the Tribunes, about this
occaſion, The people were to ſee the paſtime of the Sword-players or Fencers at the ſharp, with-
in the very Market-place, and there weredivers of the Officers that to ſee the ſport, did ſer up ſcaf-
folds round abour, to take money for the ſtanding. Caius commanded them to take them down
again, becauſe the poor men might ſee the ſport without any coſt. But not a man of them
would yield to ir. Wherefore he taid till the night before the paſtime ſhould be, and then he took
all his labourers he had under him, and went and overthrew the ſcaffolds every one of them : ſo
that the next morning all the Market-place was clear for the common people to ſee the paſtime at
their pleaſure, For thisfa& of his, the people thanked him marvellouſly , and took him for a wor-
thy man. Howbeit his brethren the Tribunes were very much offended with him, and took him
for a bold preſumptuous man. This ſeemeth to be the chief cauſe why he was put from his third
Tribuneſhip, where he had the moſt voices on his fide : becanſe his Colleagues, to be revenged
of the part he had playag them, of malice and ſpite made falſe report of the voices. Howbeit there
15 no great troth in this. It is true that he was very angry with this repulſe, and ir is reported he
ſpake ſomewhat two proudly to his enemies that were merry with the matter, and laughed him
to ſcorn : that they laughed a SaxDonians laugh , not knowing how darkly his deeds
were intangled, ' Furthermore, his enemies having choſen Opimixs Conſul , they began imme-
Ciately to revoke divers of Caius laws ; as amongſt the reſt, his doings at CaKTHAGE for the
re-edifying of that City, procuring thus all the waies they could to anger him, becauſe they mighc
have juſt occaſion of anger to kill him, Caius mewibenting did patiently bear « at the firſt
Nnn z bur
Fulvtins Com-
miſlioner with
Caius, a very
ſeditious man.
The devth of
Scipio African;
the icls.
Unlucky 6gns
appearing unrg
Caius,
This man is
named atrer-
wards Opimius,
Caius Gracchuz
tell out with
the Tribuaes.
Caius Gracchus
repulſed from
the third Tri.
buneſhip.
—_—
694. $ T1 B ERIU & and CA Io s.
ls.
but afterwards his friends, and ſpecially Falvixs, did encourage him ſo, that he began again to g4-
ther men to reſiſt the.Conſull, And it is reported alſo, that Cornelis his mother did help him in it,
fecretly hiring a great number of ſtrangers which ſhe ſent-unto ROE, as if they had been Reapers,
cedition be- © Or harveſt men. Andthis is that ſhe wrote ſecretly in her letter unto her ſon in Ciphers, And yet
twixe Caius Other write to the contrary, that ſhe was very 'angry he did attempt thoſe things, When the day
Gracchus and came that they, ſhould proceed to the revocation of his laws, both parties met by break of day
the Senate. ax the Capitol, There when the: Conſull @p:imxs had done ſacrifice, one of Caius Sergeants called
Duyintus Attylins, carrying the intrails ot the beaft ſacrificed, ſaid unto Fulvins, and others of his
tribe that were about him : give place to honeſt men, vile Citizens that ye be. Some ſay alſo, that
beſides theſe injurions words, in ſcorn and contempt he held out his naked Arm to make them a-
Anyllius, Cai- ſhamed: whereupon they ſlew him. preſently in the field with greac Bodkins to write with, which
us Gracchus they had purpoſely made for that intent, So the common people were marvellouſly oftended for this
Sergeant flain. murther, and the chief men of both ſides alſo were diverſly affected. For (4:4 was very ſorry
for it, and bitterly. reproved them that were abour him, ſaying, that they had given their enemies
the occaſion they looked for, to ſet upon them. Opinixs the Conſul in contrary manner, raking
this occaſion, roſe .upon it, and did ftir up the people to be revenged. Burt there fell a ſhowre
of rain at that time that parted them. The next morning the Conſul having aſſembled the Senate
by break of day, as. he was diſpatching cauſes within, ſome had taken the body of Antyllizs , and
laid it naked upon the Bier, and ſo carried it through the Market-place, (as it was agreed upon be-
fore amongſt them ) and brought it to the Senate door , where they began to make great moan
and lamentation, Opimius knowing themeaning of it, but yet he diſſembled ir, and ſeemed to won-
der at it, Whereupon the Senators went out to ſee what it was, and. finding this Bier in the Mar-
ker-place, ſome fell a weeping for him that was dead, others cryed our, that it was a ſhamefull
at, and in no wile to be ſuffered. But on the other ſide, this did revive the old grudge and malice
of the people, for the wickedneſs of the ambitious Noblemen : who having themſelves before (lain
Tuberins Gracchus that was Tribune, and within the Capitol it ſelf, and had alſo caſt his body
into the river, did now make an honourable ſhew openly in the Market-place, of the body of the
Sergeant Amylkins ( who though he were wrongfully ſlain, yer had himſelf given them the
cauſe that ſlew him, to do that they d:d) and all the whole Senate were about the Bier to bewail
bis death, and to bonour the funerals of an hireling, ro make people alſo kill him chat was onely
Teft the ProteRor and Defender of the people. After this, they went again into the Capitol, and
there made a decree, whereby they gave the Conſul Opimins extraordinary power and authority,
An Ordinance by abſolute power: to provide for the ſafety of the Commonwealth, to preſerve the City, and to ſup-
made by che preſs the Tyrants.. This decree being eſtabliſhed, the Conſul preſently commantled the Senators
Senare againſt that were preſent there, togo arm themſelves : and appointed the Roan Knights that the next
Caius Gracebus ryg;ning betimes every man ſhould'bring two of their men armed with them, Fulvizs onthe other
ſide prepared his force againſt them, and aſſembled the common people rogether. (xs alſo re-
turning from the Market-place, Raid before the image of his father, and looked earneſtly upon it
without ever a word ſpeaking, onely he burſt out a weeping, and fetching a great figh, went his
way. This madethe people .< ſaw him to pitty him : ſo that _y talked among themſelves, that
they were but beaſts and cowards at ſuch a ſtraight to forſake ſo worthy a man. Thereupon
The people de- they went to his, hauſe, ſtayed there all night and watched beforehis gate : not as they did that watch-
fended Caius ©d with Fulvins, that paſſed away the night in guzling and drinking drunk, crying out, and
Gracchus, making noiſe , Fulvins himſelf being drunk firſt of all , who both ſpake and did many things
| far unmeet for his; calling. For 'on the other ſide , they that watched Cains were very ſorrow-
full, and made rio noiſe, even as in a common calamity of their Countrey, deviſing with themſelves
what would fall out upon it, waking and ſleeping one after another by turns. When the day
brake, they with Fulvins did awake him, who ſlept yet ſoundly for the Wine he drank over night,
' = and they armed themſelves with the ſpoils of the Gaurs that hung round about his houſe, whom
- .,». he had overthrown in battle the ſame year he was Conſull : and with great (cries, and chunder-
ing threats they went to take the mount Aventine. But Cams would not arm himſelf , but went
Out of his houle in a long Gown, as if he would have gone {imply into the Market-place accor-
ding to his wonted. manner, ſaving that he carried a ſhort dagger at his girdle under his Gown. $0
as he was going out of his houſe, his wife ſaid him at the door, and holding him by the one hand,
| afid a little child. of bis in her other hand, ſhe ſaid thus unto him: & Alas Caixs, thou doſt nor
The _— T'riow £0 as thou wert wont, a Tribune into _the Market-place to ſpeak to the people, neither to
—_— *Cprefer any new laws : neither doſt thou go ynto an honeſt War, that if unfortunately that
& | |
Granhes. ſhould happen co thee that is common to all - A I might yet at the leaſt mourn. for thy death
++ © with honour. ' But thou goeſt to put thy ſelf into bloody Butchers hands, who moſt crueliy have
* ſlain thy brother Tiberius ; and yet thou goeſt a_naked man: unarmed, intending rather to ſuffer
«then to do hurt, Beſides, thy death can bring no benefit to the Commonwealth. For the worſer
*part hath now the npper hand, conſidering Bon Prnenes paſſerh, by force of \word, Had thy
*brother been ſlain by his enemies , before the Ciry of Nun a NT14, yet had they given us his
© body to have buried him. But ſuch may be my +> ekuy that I may preſently go to pray the Ri-
© yer or ſea to give me thy body, when as thy brothers, it ſhall likewiſe be thrown into the ſame. A-
«las, what hope or truſt is left us now in the laws or | raps fithence they have (lain T #berius ? AS Lt-
cinia Was making this pittiful moanu to him, Caixs fair and ſoftly pulled his hand from her, and =
er
TIBERIVS and CAIVS. 695.
her giving her never a word, but went on with his friends. Bur ſhe reaching after him to pull him by
the Gown, fell to the ground, lay flatling there a great while, ſpeaking gever a word, untill at length
her ſervant took her up ina ſwoon, andcarried her ſo unto her brother Craſſus. Now Fulvins, by putujur fore
the perſwaſion of Caius, when all their faction were mer, ſent his younger ſon (which was a pretty fair bis ſon to the .
boy) with an Heraulds rod in his hand for ſafety. This'boy humbly preſenting his duty, with the Conlu!,withan
rears in bis eyes, before the Conſul and Senate, offered them peace. The moſt of them that were (£19445 rod
"hay . . co etfcr peace.
preſent thought very well of it. But Opinsins made anſwer, ſaying, that it became them not to ſend
meſſengers, thinking with fair words to win the Senate :* but it was their duty to come themſelves in
perſon like ſubje&s, and offenders ro make their trial, and ſo to_craye pardon , and to ſeek rg
pacifie the wrath of the Senate. . Then he commanded the boy he ſhould not return again to them
but with this condition he bad preſcribed; Caius (as it is reported) was ready to go and clear him-
ſelf unto the Senate : but the reſidue would not ſuffer him to go; Whereupon Fulvins ſent his
ſon back again unto them, to ſpeak for them as he had done before, But Opimins that was de-
ſirous to fight, cauſed the boy to be taken, and committed him to ſafe cuſtody,. and then went pre-
ſently againit Fulvius with a great number of footmen well armed, and of Cxt tan Archers be-
ſides, who with their Arrows did more trouble and hurt their enemies, then with any thing elſe, that
within a while they all began to fly. Fulvixs on the other ſide fled into an old hot-houſe that no body
made reckoning of, and there being found ſhortly after, they flew him and his eldeſt ſon, . Now Tj. 4eah of
for (aius, be tought nor at all, but being mad with himſelf, and grieved to ſee ſuch blood-ſhed 4 F utvins and his
he got him into the Temple of Diana, where he would have killed himſelf, bad not his very good cldelt ſon.
friends Pomponins and Licinins (aved him, For both they being with him at that time, took his ſword,
from him, and counſelled him to fly. It is reported that then he fell down on his knees, and holding
up both his hands unto the goddeſs, he beſought her that the people might never come out of bon-
dage, to be revenged of this their ingratitude and treaſon. For the common people ( or the moſt
part of them) plainly turned their coats, when they heard proclamation made , that all men had
pardon granted them that would return. So Caizs fled upon it, and his enemies followed him fo +, «: bh
near that they overtook. him upon the wooden Bridge, where two of his friends that were with RT
him ſtaid, to defend him againſt his purſuers, and bad him in the mean time make ſhift for himſelf,
whilſt they fought with them upon the Bridge : and ſo they did, and kept them that not a man got
the Bridge of them untill they were both ſlain. Now there was none that fled with Cairs, bur one
of his men called Philocrates : notwithſtanding, every man did ſtill encourage and counſel him, as
they do men to win a game, but no man would help him, nor offer him any horſe chough he often
required it, becauſe he ſaw his enemies ſo near unto him. This notwithſtanding, by their defence
that were {lain upon the Bridge, he got ground onthem ſo, that he had leiſure to creep. into a lice
grove of wood which was conſecrated to the Furies, There his ſervant Ph:locrates (lew him, and
then ſlew himſelt alſo, and fell dead upon him. Other write notwithſtanding, that both the maſter The fairhful-
and ſervant were overtaken, and taken alive: and that his ſervant did ſo ſtraight embrace his maſter, "*'s __—
that none of the enemies could ſtrike him for all the blows they gave, before he was ſlain himſelf, C7 an
So one of the murtherers ſtrake off Cains Gracchus head to carry to the Conſul. Howbeit one of *
Opimins friends called Septimuleins, took the head from the other by the way, becauſe proclamati-
on was made by Trumpet betore they fought, that whoſoever brought the heads of Fulvins and
Caius, they ſhould be paid the weight of them in Gold. Wherefore this Sept:muleins carried Cains
head upon the top of his ſpear unto Opimives : whereupon the ſcales being brougit to weigh ir, ir
was found to weigh ſeventeen pound weight and two third parts of a pound : becauſe Seprimuleins
beſides the horrible murder he had committed, had alſo holpen it with this villainy, that he had ta-
ken out his brain, and in lieu thereof had filled his ſcull with Lead. Now the other alſo that brought
Fulvins head, becauſe they were poor men, they had nothing. The bodies of theſe rwo men,
(ins Gracchnr and Fulvins, and of other their followers (which were to the number of three thou-
land that were ſlain) were all thrown into the River, their goods confiſcate, and their widdows for-
bidden to mourn for their death. Furthermore, they took from Licmia Cairns wite, her jointer : but
yet they dealt more cruelly and beaftly with the young boy, Fulvins ſon ; who had neither lift up his
band againſt them, nor was in the fight among them, bur onely came to them to make peace before
they fought ; whom they kept as priſoner, and after the battle ended they put him to death, But yer
that which moſt of all grieved the people was the Temple of Concord, the which Opimixs cauſed to The Temple of
be built : for it appeared that he boaſted, and in manner triumphed, that he had ſlain ſo many Citizens Concord buil:
of ROME. . And therefore there were that inthe night wrote under the inſcription of the Temple theſe «oY hs
verſes ;
| eA furious fatt and full of beaftly ſhame
| Th temple built, that beareth Concords name,
This Opimius was the firſt man at Rom, that being Conſull, uſurped the abſolute power of the _, .
Dictator : and that without law or juſtice condemned three thouſand Citizens of Rows , beſides 4nd y
Fulvins Flaccus ( who had alſo been Conſul, and had received the honour cf triumph) and Caius furpitg ==
Gracchus a young man in like caſe, who in vertue and reputation excelled all che men of his years. power of the
This norwithſtandidg could not keep Opimins from thievery and extortion. For when he was Didtor.
ſent Ambaſſador unto Jugarth King of Num1D1A , he was bribed with Money: and thereupon —_— _
being accuſed, he was moſt ſhamefully convicted, and condemned. Wherefore he enced his days Fueurch Ag
with this reproach and infamy, hated and mocked of all the people : becauſe at the time of the congemned.
Nnn 3 OVeCr-
696 TIBERIUVS and CATUS.
overthrow he dealr beaſtly with them that fought for his quarrel. But ſhortly after it appeared to the
The Graccht world how much they lamented the loſs of the two brethren of the Gracchi. For they made images
bara and ſtatues of them, and cauſed them to be ſer up in an open and honourable place, conſecrating the
ot the people. Places where they had been ſlain : and many of them alſo came and offered to them of their firſt
fruits and flowers, according to the time of the year, and went thither to make their prayers on
, their knees, as unto the temples of the gods, Their mother Cornelia, as writers report , did bear
_ 2. this calamity with a noble heart: and as for the Chappels which they had built and conſecrated unto
Ae mother them in the place where they were lain, ſhe ſaid no more, but that they had ſuch graves as they had
of the Gracchz, deſerved. Afterwards ſhe dwelt continually by the mount Asſene, and never changed her manner
of life, She had many friends, and becauſe ſhe was a noble Lady , and loved ever to welcome
ſtrangers, ſhe kept a very good houſe, and therefore had always great repair unto her, of Gze.
CIANS and learned men : befides, there was no King nor Prince but both received gifts from her,
and ſent her again. They that frequented her company delighted marvellouſly to hear her report the
deeds and manner of her fathers life, Scipio AFRICAN : but yet they wondred more to hear her tell
the aQts and death of her two ſons, Tiberius and Caius Gracchr, without ſhedding tear, or making
any ſhew of lamentation or grief, to more then if ſhe had told an Hiſtory unto them that had requeſt-
ed her. Infomuch as ſome writers report, that age, or her misfortunes, had overcome and ta-
ken her reaſon and ſence from her to feel any ſorrow. But indeed they were ſenſleſs to ſay ſo, notun-
8 he power of 4. ſtanding how that to be nobly born and vertuouſly brought up, doth make men temperately to di-
Vercon® for. geſt ſorrow : and that fortune oftentimes overcomes vertue which regardeth honefty in all ref; pes,
gov. but yet with any adverſity ſhe cannot take away the temperance from them whereby they patiently
bear it,
The end of the Lives of Tiberius and Caius Graechi,
THE COMPARISON OF
TIBERIUS and CAIUS GRACCHT,
with eAGIS and CLEOME NES.
SOSSHS 202000000 400000000000
EPS PE VEDDGOPE-DPPEBPDPBEDS
EEE
VPBEBED 02-0
Ow that we be come to the end of this Hiſtory, we are to compare the Lives of
theſe two men the one with the other. Firſt, as touching the two Gracchs, their The wiſdom &f
Enemies that moſt hated them, and ſpake the worſt they could of them, could the Gracchi.
not deny but that they were the beſt given to vertue, and as well taught and
brought up as any Ro MA Ns that were in their time. But yet it appeareth, that
nature had the upper hand of them, in Ag and Cleomenes. For they having
\ been very ill brought up both for Learning and good Manners, for lack whereof
A VS the oldeſt men were almoſt ſpoiled,yer did they notwithſtanding make themſelves
the firſt maſters and example of ſobriety, temperance, and ſimplicity of life. Furthermore, the two firſt
having lived in that time when Rom flouriſhed moſt in honour wo vertuous deſires, they were more
then aſhamed to forſake the vertues inherited from their Anceſtors. Theſe two laſt alſo being born
of fathers that had a clean contrary diſpoſition, and finding their Countrey altogether withour any
order, and infeted with difſolute life, were not therefore any whit the more ſlack in their deſire todo
well. Furthermore the greateſt praiſe they gave unto the two Gracchi, was, their abſtinence and in-
regrity from taking of money all the time they were in office, and dealt in matters of ſtate, ever keep-
ing their hands clean, and rook not a penny wrongfully from any man. Where «Ag on the other
ſide was offended if any man praiſed him, for that he took nothing from another man : ſeeing that he
diſpoſſeſſed himſelf of his own goods, and gave it to his Citizens, which amounted in ready coyn to
the value of fix hundred talents. Whereby men may eaſily judge, how grievous a fin he chought it
to take any thing wrongfully from any man, ſeeing that he thought it a kind of avarice, lawfully to be
richer then others. Furthermore, there was marvelious great difference in their alterations, and re-
newing of the ſtate, which they did both prefer. For the as of the two Romans were to
mend high ways and to re-edifte and repleniſh decayed Towns: and the worthieſt at Tiberi did,
was the law Agraria, which he brought in for dividing of the lands of the Commonwealth amongſt
the poor Citizens. And the beſt a& his brother Cai: alſo did, was the mingling of the Judges, add-
ing to the three hundred Senators three hundred Roman Knights to be indifferent Judges wa
them.
-—
”
—W
"696 TIBERIUS and CATVUS.
overthrow he dealt beaftly with them that fought for his quarrel. But ſhortly after it appeared to the
The Graccht word how much they lamented the loſs of the ewo brethren of the Gracchi. For they made images
were maryels 4 ſtatues of them, and cauſed them to be ſer up in an open and honourable place, conſecrating the
places where they had been ſlain : and many of them alſo came and offered to them of their fir
fruits and flowers, according to the time of the year, and went thither to make their prayers on
their knees, as unto the temples of the gods, Their mother Cornelia, as writers report, did bear
Jouſly defired
of the people.
_ ar, this calamity with a noble heart: and as for the Chappels which they had built and conſecrated unto
os Aon mother them in the place where they were lain, ſhe ſaid no more, but that they had ſuch graves as they had
of the Gracchz, deſerved. Afterwards ſhe dwelt continually by the mount Asſene, and never changed her manner
of life. She had many friends, and becauſe ſhe was a noble Lady , and loved ever to welcome
ſtrangers, ſhe kept a very good houſe, and therefore had always great repair unto her, of Ge.
CIANS and learned men : befides, there was no King nor Prince but both received gifts from her,
and ſent her again. They that frequented her company delighted GIEY to hear her report the
deeds and manner of her fathers life, - Scipio AFRICAN : but yet they wondred more to hear her tell
theaRts and death of her two ſons, Tiberius and Caius Gracchi, without ſhedding tear, or making
any ſhew of lamentation or grief, to more then if ſhe had told an Hiſtory unto them that had requeſt-
ed her. Infomuch as ſome writers report, that age, or her misfortunes, had overcome and ta-
ken her reaſon and ſence from her to feel any ſorrow. But indeed they were ſenſleſs to ſay fo, notun-
» he power of 4.7 ſtanding how that to be nobly born and vertuouſly brought up, doth make men temperately co di-
ercoms for. Beſt ſorrow : and that fortune oftentimes overcomes vertue which regardeth _— in all reſpects,
vercome ſor-
gov. but yet with any adverſity ſhe cannot take away the temperance from them whereby they patiently
bear it,
The end of the Lives of Tiberius and Caius Graechi,
THE COMPARISON OF
TIBERIVUS and CATVUS GRACCHTI,
with eAGIS and CLEOMENES.
6K
PPP
28+
Z8+
4328p
42 $5
43 8F
13 XF
4% &F
43 Sp
: 33 Fe
RIS Rabieke 02/61
Ow that we be come to the end of this Hiſtory, we are to compare the Lives of
theſe two men the one with the other. Firſt, as touching the two Gracchs, their Th. wiſdom of
Enemies that moſt hated them, and ſpake the worſt they could of them, could the Gracchi.
not deny but that they were the beſt given to vertue, and as well caught and
brought up as any Ro MA Ns that were in their time, But yet it appeareth, that
nature had the upper hand of them, in Ag and Cleomenes, For they having
{I been very ill brought up both for Learning and good Manners, for lack whereof
s XZ the oldeſt men were almoſt ſpoiled,yet did they notwithſtanding make themſelves
the firſt maſters and example of ſobriery, temperance, and ſimplicity of life. Furthermore, the two firſt
having lived in that time when Ro» flouriſhed moſt in honour _ vertuous deſires, they were more
then aſhamed to forſake the vertues inherited from their Anceſtors. Theſe two laſt alſo being born
of fathers that had a clean contrary diſpoſition, and finding their Countrey altogether without any
order, and infeRed with difſolute life, were not therefore any whit the more lack in their deſire todo
well. Furthermore the greateſt praiſe they gave unto the two Gracchi, was, their abſtinence and in-
tegrity from taking of money all the time they were in office, and dealt in matters of ſtate, ever keep-
ing their hands clean, and rook not a penny wrongfully from any man. Where eg on the other
ſide was offended if any man praiſed him, for that he took nothing from another man : ſeeing that he
diſpoſſeſſed himſelf of his own goods, and gave it to his Citizens, which amounted in ready coyn to
the value of fix hundred talents. Whereby men may eafily judge, how grievous a fin he thought it
to take any thing wrongfully from any man, ſeeing that he thought it a kind of avarice, lawfully to be
richer then others. Furthermore, there was marvelious great difference in their alcerations, and re-
newing of the ſtate, which they did both prefer. For the a&s of the two Romans were to
mend high ways and to re-edifte and repleniſh decayed Towns: and the worthieſt at Tiberirs did,
was the law Agraria, which he brought in for dividing of the lands of the Commonwealth amongſt
the poor Citizens. And the beſt a& his brother Cai: alſo did, was the mingling of the Judges, add-
ing to the three hundred Senators three hundred Roman Knights to be indifferent Judges —_
them.
698 Tiberius and (aius, with Agu and (leomenes.
them. Whereas eAgi and Cleomenes in contrary manner were of opinion , that to reforn
ſmall faults, and to redreſs them by little and little, was ( as Plate ſaid) to cut off one of the
Hydraes heads, of the which came afterwards ſeven in the place : and therefore they rook upon them
a change and innovation, even at once to root out all the miſchiefs of their Countrey ( or to ſpeak
more truly, to take away the diſorder which brought in all vice and miſchief tro the Commonwealth)
and ſo to reſtore the City of SearT a again to her former ancient honourable eſtate; Now this
may be ſaid again for the government of the Gracchs, that the chiefeſt men of Roms were ever a-
gainſt their purpoſes. Where, in that «Ag attempted, and Cleomenes ended, they had the nobleſt
ground that could be, and that was the ancient Laws and Ordinances of SyarT 4, touching tempe-
rance and equality : the firſt, inſtituted in old rime by Lyc«rgus, the other confirmed by «Apollo.
The as of the Furthermore, by the alterations of the firſt, Ro wt became no greater then it was before, Where,
Gracchidid liz- by that which (leomenes did, all GREecCE in ſhort time ſaw that SpArT a commanded all the
tle profit Romc, reſt of PELOPONNE SUS, and fought at that time againſt thoſe that were of greateſt power in all
GREECE, for the ſigniory thereof, Whereby their only mark and purpoſe was, to rid all Grtz ct
from the Wars of the GauLs and ILLYR1aNs, and to reſtore it again to the honeſt Govern-
ment of the race and line of Hercules. Their deaths (methinks) do thew great difference of their
| courages. For the Gracchs, fighting with their own Citizens, were ſlain flying. Of theſe two alſo,
= end of the , 74, becauſe he would put never a Citizen to death, was (lain in manner voluntarily : and Clco-
racchi unfor- * "ores mf x ,
Kroon menes receiving injury ſtood to his defence, and when he had no opportunity to do it, he toutly kil-
led bimſelf, And ſo may it be ſaid on the other fide, that Agis did never any notable at of a Captain
or Souldier, becauſe he was ſlain before he could come to it. And for the viRtories of Cleomenes
on the other ſide, may be oppoſed the ſcaling of the walls of Car trace, where Tiberius was
the firſt man that at the aſſault got up upon the wall, which wasno ſmall exploit : and the peace which
he made alſo at the ſiege of NumAnT1 a, whereby he ſaved twenty thouſand fighting men of the Ro-
MANS, the which had no means otherwiſe to fave their lives. And Cai alſo in the ſelf ſame
war, at the ſiege of NumaNTIA, and afterwards in SaRDI1 N24, did many noble feats of War ,
ſo that there is no doubt, but if they had not been lain ſo ſoon as they were, they might have
been compared with the excellenteſt Captains that ever were in ROMmz. Again, touching their do-
ings in civil policy, it appeareth that A4gzs dealt more ſlackly, being abuſed by Ageſilaws : who like-
wiſedeceived the poor Citizens of the diviſion of the lands which be had promiſed them, In fine,
for lack of courage, becauſe he was very young, he left the things undone which he had purpoſed
ro have performed. On the other ſide, (Jeomenes went too roundly to work, to renew the ancient
government of the Commonwealth again, by killing the Ephores with too much cruelty, whom he
might eaſily have won, or otherwiſe by force have gotten the upper hand. For it is not the part
of a wiſe Phyſician, nor of a good governour of a Commonwealth to ule the ſword,” bt in great
extremity, where there is no other help nor remedy : and there lacked judgement in them both, bur
worſt of all in the one, for injury is ever joyned with cruelty. The Gracchz on the other fide, nei-
ther the onenor the other began to imbrue their hands in the blood of their Citizens. For it is re-
ported, that though they did hurt Caizs, yet he would never defend himſelf : and where it was
known that he was very valiant in battle with his ſword in his band againſt -the enemy, he ſhewed
himſelf as cold again in the uproar againſt his Citizens, For he went out of his houſe unarmed, and
fled when he ſaw them fight, being more circumſpect not to do hurr, then not to ſuffer any, There-
fore they are not to be thought cowards for their flying, but rather men fearfull ro offend any man.
For they were driven either to yield to them that followed them, or elſe it they ſtayed, to ſtand to
their defence, becauſe they might keep themſelves from burt, And where they accuſe Tiberim for
The faules of *Þe faults he committed, the greateſt that ever he did, was when he depoſed Otavixu his colleague
the Graechi, from the Tribuneſhip, and that he himſelf 'made ſuit for the ſecond. And as for Cai, they fall-
ly accuſed him for the death of 4ntyll;xs the Sergeant, who indeed was ſlain unknown to him, and
to his great grief, Where Cleomenes on the other ſide, though we ſhould forget the murther he
- committed upon the Ephores, yet he ſer (laves at liberty, and ruled the Kingdom in manner him-
ſelf alone : but yer for manners ſake onely he joined his own brother with him, which was of the (elf
ſame houſe. And when he had perſwaded Archidamu (who was next heir tothe Kingdom ofthe other
royal houſe) to be bold to return home from Mzss1NA unto SearTa , he ſuffered him to be
ſlain; and becauſe he did not revenge his death, he did confirm their opinion that thought he was
conſenting to his death. Lycurgus on the other fide, whoſe example he did counterfeit to follow,
becauſe he did willingly reſigne the Kingdom unto his brothers ſon Charilaws, and being afraid al-
ſo, that if the young child ſhould chance to miſcarry, they would ſuſpect him for his death, he ex1-
led himſelf out of his own Countrey a long time, travelling up and down, and returned not to
SPARTA again, before Charilaus had gotten a ſon to ſucceed him in his Kingdom. But we cannot
ſet another Gxtc1an by Lycurgus comparable unto him. We have declared alſo that amongſt
{ leomene; deeds,there were many other greater alterations then theſe, and alſo many other breaches of
the law. So they that do condemn the manners of the one and the other, ſay, that the two GR £-
CIANS from the beginning had an aſpiring mind to be tyrants, ſtill praQifing - Wars : whereas the
two ROMANS onely, even by their moſt mortal enemies, could be blamed. for nothing elſe, but
for an extream ambition , and did confeſs that they were too earneſt and vehement above their na-
rure, in any ſtrife or contention they had with their adverſaries, and that they yielded unto their
choler and paſſion, as unto ill winds, which brought them to do thoſe things they did in the _
'Or
DEMOSTHENES. 699
For what more juſt and honeſt intent could they have had, then 'the firſt was?- had nor the ricti:men
(even through ſtoutneſs and authority to overthrow the laws) brought them againſt their wills ire
to quarrel t the one to ſave his life, the other t6 revenge his brothers death, who was (lain without or-
der, juſtice, or the authority of any Officer ?7' Thus thou mayeſt thy ſelf ſee the difference thar was
betwixt the GREC1a ws and the ROMANS : and now to tell you plainly my opinion of both, 1 rhink
that Tiberius was the ſtouteſt of the four , and thar the young King -Ag1s offended leaſt , and for bold-
neſs and courage, Caius came nothing near-ufito (Teomenes, |
rn I ———_—_—_————————_
THE LIFE OF
DEMOSTHENES.
_
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Ann, Mund, Ant. Chriſt,
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Þ E that tnade thelittle Book of the praiſe of A!cib5ades, rouching the viRtory he True happineſs
wan at the horſe-race of the Olympian games (were it the Poet Euripides, as confiſterh in
Y ſome think, or any other) my-4riend Sofſins, ſaid : that to make a man happy, *Þ* mind and
he muſt of neceſſity be born in ſome famous City. But to, cell you what 1 chink |, AE
& hereof, doubtleſs, true happineſs chiefly confiſteth in the vertue and qualities of p/ace or Coun-
FF the mind, being a matter of no moment, whether a man be born in a pelting vil- ery.
q lage, or in a famous City : notnore then it is to be born of a fair of foul morher.
| "= For it were a madneſs to think that the little village of Jur1Þe, being the leaſt
part of the Iſle of Cxo (the whole Iſland of it ſelf being bur a ſmall thing) and that the Iſle of A51x4
(which is of ſo ſmall a length, that a certain ATHEN1AN on a time made a motion it might be taken a-
way, becauſe it was but a ftraw in the ſight of the haven of Pirea) could bring forth famous Poers, and
excellent Comedians : and nor breed an honeſt, juſt, and wiſe man, and of a noble courage. For, as we
have reaſon ro think that Arts and Sciences which were firſt deviſed and invented to nice ſome things
neceſſary for mens uſe, or otherwiſe to win fame and credit, are drowned, and caſt away in little poor
villages : ſo areweto judge alſo, that vertue, like a ſtrong and fruitful plant, cantake root, and bring
forth in every place, where it is graffed in a good-nature,and gentle perſon,that can patiently away with
pains. And therefore'if we chance to offend, and live not as we ſhould, we cannot accuſe the meannefs of
* Our ny where we were born, but we muſt juſtly accuſe our fetves; Surely he that bath rakenypon SF
him to pur forth any work; or to write any hiſtory, mthe which he is co thruſt many ſtrange things un- mon og
known to his Country, and which are not ready at his hand to be had, bur diſperſed abroad in divers pl4- prapherto Kot
ces, and tobe gathered out of divers books and authorities : firſt of alf, he muſt needs remain in ſome a fanous City,
great
}
DEMOSTHEMNES.
reat and famous City throughly inhabited, where men do delight in good and vertuous things, be-
= there are ——— plenty of all ſorts of books: and that peruſing them, and hearing ralkeatfo of
many things beſides, which other Hiſtoriographers peradventure have not written of, and which will
carry.ſo much more credit, becauſe men that are alive may preſently ſpeak of them as of their own
Plutrch Knowledge : whereby he may make his work perfect in eyery point, having many and divers neceſſary
Country very things.contained in it. But 1 my ſelf that dwellin a poor little Town, and yet do remain there willing.
lictle. ly leſt it ſhould becomelels, whilſt T wasinITALy, andat ROME, Ihad no leiſure to ſtudy and ex.
erciſe the Latine tongue, as well for the great buſineſs I had then todo, as alſo to ſatisfie themthat came
to learn Philoſophy of me ; ſo that even ſomewhat too late and now in my latter time, I began totake
Latine books in hand. And thereby (a ſtrange thing to tell you, but yet true) I learned no nor under.
ſtood matters ſo much by the words, as I came to underſtand the words, by common experience and
knowledge I had in things. But furthermore, to know howto pronounce the Latine tongue well, or to
ſpeak it readily, or to underſtand the figures, tranſlations, and fine joining of the ſimple words one
with another, whichdo beautifie and ſer-forth the tongue, ſurely I judge it to be a marvellous pleaſant
and ſweetthing , but withall it requireth along and labourſom ftudy, meet for thoſe that haye better
leiſure then I have, and that have young years on their backs to follow ſuch pleaſure. Therefore in
this preſent book, which is the fifth of this work, where I have taken upon me to compare the Lives of
Noblemen one with another : undertaking to write the Lives of Demoſthenes and {eero, we will con-
{ider and examine their nature, manners and conditions, by their a&ts and deeds in the Government of
the Commonwealth, not meaning otherwiſe to confer their works and writings of eloquence, neither to
define which of them two were ſharper or ſweeter in his Oration. For as the Poet John ſaith :
In this behalf a man may rightly ſay
The Dolphines in their proper fol do play.
D:moſthenes The which Cc:lixs little underſtanding, being a man very raſh in all his doings, hath unadviſedly writ-
compared with £1 and ſet forth in Print, a Compariſon of Demoſthenes eloquence with (3cero's. But if it were an
Cicero. eaſie matter for every man to know himſelf, then the gods indeed have given us no commandment, nei-
ther could men have ſaid that it came from heaven, Bur for my opinion methinks Fortune even from
the beginning hath framed, in manner, of one ſelf mold Demoſthenes and Cicero, and bath in their na-
tures faſhioned many of their qualities one like to the other : as both of them to be ambitious, both of
them to love the liberty of their Country, and both of them very fearfull in any danger of Wars. And
likewiſe their fortunes ſeem to me, to be both much alike, For it is hard to find two Orators again,
that being ſo meanly born asthey, have come to be of ſo great power and authority as they two: nor
that have deſerved the ill will of Kings and Noblemen ſo much as they have done, nor that have loſt their
daughters, nor thathave been baniſhed their Countries, and that have been reſtored again with honour,
and that again have fled; and have been taken again, nor that have ended their lives with the liberty of
their Countrey. So that itis hardto be judged, whether Nature have made them liker in manners, or
Fortune in their doings : as if they had both like cunning workmafters ſtrived one with the other, to
whom they ſhould make them befl reſemble. But firſt of all we muſt write of the elder of them two.
Demeſthenes the father of this Orator Demoſthenes, was (as Theopompus writeth) one of the chief
The parentage men of the City, and they called him e acheropers, to wit, a maker of ſword blades, becauſe he
of Demoſthenes 1.14 a great ſhop wherehe kept a number of ſlavesto yy them, But touching E/chines the Ora-
tors report of his mothet, who ſaid that ſhe was the daughter of one Gelox (that fled from ATHzxs
being accuſed of treaſon) and of a barbarous woman that was her mother, I am not able to ſay whe-
ther it be true, or deviſed of malice to do him deſpite. Howſoever it was, it is true that his father
ly 07 died, leaving him but ſeven years old, and left him reaſonable well: for his goods came'to little [els
emoſthenct \};en the valve of fifteen talents. Howbeit his Guardiansdid him great wrong, for they ſtole a greac
part of his goods themſelves, and did let the reſt run to nought , as having little care of it, for
they would not pay his School-maſters their wages. And this was the cauſe that he did not learn
the liberal ſciences which are uſually taught unto honeſt mens ſons : and co furtherthat want alſo, he
was but weakling and very tender, and therefore his mother would nor much let him. go to School ,
neither alſo durſt his maſters keep him too hard to iz, becauſe he was but a ſickly child at the firſt, and
very weak, And itis reported alſo, thatthe firname of Bartalus was given him in mockery by other
or yn ſchool-boys his companions, becauſe of his weakneſs of body. This Battalus (as divers men do
F1 Bartetus TEPort) Was an effemenate player on the flute, againſt whom the Poet Anriphanes to mock him, de-
| viſed 2 little play, Others do alſo write of one Barralus, a difſolute Orator, and that wrote laſci-
ous verſes : and it ſeemeth the ATHENIANS at that time did call a certain part of mans
Demoſthenes body uncomely to be named, Battalus, Now for Argas (which ſirname men ſay was alſo given him)
ny lunamed he was ſo called, cither for his rude and beaftly manners (becauſe ſome Poets do call a ſnake Arg4)
_— orelſe for his manner of ſpeech, which was very unpleaſant to the ear; for Argas is the name of
a Poet that made always bawdy and ill-favoured ſongs. But hereof enough, as Plato ſaid. Further-
Calliftrarus the More, the occaſion (as it is reported) that moved him to give himſelf to eloquence, was this, Cal.-
Ocarox. ftratus the Orator was to defend the cauſe of one Orops before the Judges, and every man long<&
greatly for this day of pleading, both for the m——_—_ of the Orator, that then bare the bell for
eloquence: as for the matter, and his accuſation, which was manifeſtly known toall. Demoſtvenes
hearing his Shoolmaſters agree together to go to the hearing of this matter, he prayed his ook:
maſter
D E.MOSTHENES. _
neg. nn err em the hearing of this waiter, be prayed his School-maſter to be fo good
ate let ym go/with bim.. Bis. punnetingand being} acquainted with the keepers os the
. Hall door where this mauer was4@ be pleaded, he: ſo:enareated them, that they placed their (chokar
ina very good: place, whers|beidg at his eaſe, fie: might bord fear and fee all that was done, and no
man could fee him. Thereupon when Demoſthenes had heard the caſe pleaded, he was greatly in love The earneſt de-
_ withthe honour which the Qratbr 'b4d gorten;- when he fav how he 'wes waited upon home with ſuch f7* of Deme/-
g.irain-of people after him : buyer he wondered: more at the force of bis grea —_— that —— ——_—_
could © tura and convey all things at his pleafure. Thereupoo be left the Rudy of all ſcten IR
and all oaberexcrciſes of witand body, which other children are brought up in : ;and began to labour
euntinually ; and 'to:frame bimſelf 1: make Otations, with ment one day to be 28 Qrator among
&. His maſter that taught han Rhetorick'was Z/a, notwithſtanding that Hfecraves ablo keys
a:Schoot of: Rherarick at thiviime : edher todundorda being an-Qrphan he was no able to pay the 1/eus Pemeſ-
wages that t/ocrares demanided-of bis Scholars; which was ren. Mira's : or rather for that be found #ener School-
-mariner of, ſpeech more proper for the uſe of the eloquence he defired, becauſe ir was more ao
and fubrite.-» Yet Hormippms writerh noewithitanding, thas: he had read certain books having ©
go naine /of any author, which declared that .Dowefthenes bad: been Plare's Scholar, and that by
hearing of big; he learned to frame bis pronunciation and eloquence. And he writeth alſo of one
Ctr fibsra, vehio reporteth that Demoſtheres had fecretly read Zfecrates works of Rhetorick, and alſo
Alcidamius books , by means of 'one! Caltias: SYYAcusan, and others. Wherefore when he Demoſthenes
came out of his wardſhip,' be began-o put his Guardians m fuit, 20d to write Orations and Pleas &# pradiſe in
againſt them! who in contrary manner did ever uſedelays and cxcules, to ſave theraſelves for giving 4rawing and
pany account unto him, of goods and patrunony left him. And thus following this exerciſe (as —= oh
Ti des wrineth) it profpered fo well with him, that in the end he obtained is, but not withour
t pains and danger : and yer with all thar be could do, he could not recover all that his father left
Ken, by a good deal. Sohaving now goiten 'fome boldnefs, and being alſo uſed to ſpeak in open
preſence, and wichall, baving a feeling and delight of the eftimation that is won by eloquence in
pleading, afterwards he attemptcd to: pur forward himſelf, and to practiſe in mauers of ſtare. For,
.. asthere gocth a tale of one. Laemedon an OKcHoMENIAN, who having a grievous pain in the A remedy for
ſpleco, by advice of the Phyficians was willed to run long courſes to belp him : and Nr follow che pain of the
ing their order, be became in the end fo lufty and nimble of body, that afierwards be would needs 'Plccn-
make one run for games, and indeed grew 19 bethe ſwifteft runner of all men in his time. Even'fo
the like chanced unto Dewoftbezes, Forar the firſt, beginning to practiſe Oratory for recovery af
his goods, 2nd thereby having: goucn good kill and knowledg bow to plead, he afterwards raok
wpen him ro fpeak to the people in; aſſemblies rouching the Government of the Commonwealth; e-
ven as he ſhoutd bave contended for fome game or prize , and at the length did excel] all the Orators
arthat time thar go up into the Pulpiz for Orations : notwithſtanding thar, when he firſt ventured to »,,,, j4cve;
ſpeak openly, the people made ſuch-|a noife, that be could {cart be heard ; and befides they mac mocked of the
.ked him for-bis manner of ſpeech that was ſo firange, becauſe he uſed ſo mary long confuſed peridds, people for his
and bis matter he fpake was ſo intricate with. argument one upon another , that they were tedious, 99S Orations,
and that made rhern ro hear him, And furthermore, be had a very ſoft voice, an impediment 2*nofhener
in his congue, and had alſo a ſhortbreath, the which made that men could not well underftand what —_—
be meant ; for his long periods 59 his Oracion were oftentimes interrupted, before he was at the end
of his ſentence, ' So ar length perceiving he was thus rejected, he gave over ro ſpeak any more
before the people, -and halt in deſpair withdrew himfelf into the haven of Pires. There Exnnomm
the THEsSALIAN being a very old man, found him, and reproved him, and told him,
that he did himſelf igreat wrong, confidering, that having a manner of fpeech much like unto Pericles,
he drowned by his faint heart, becauſe he did noi ſeck the way to be bold againſt' the noiſe
of the common people, and to arm his body to away with the pains and burthen ot publick Ora-
tions, bur ſuffering it to grow feebler for lack of uſe and praftiſe. Furrhermoze, being once again
repulſed and whiſtted art, as be returned home hanging down his head for ſhame, and utterly diſcour-
-aged, Saryrus an excellent player of Comedies being his familiar friend, followed him, and went
86 ſpeak with him, Demoſthenes made his complaint unto him, that where he had raken more pains
then all the Orators beſides, and had almoſt even worn himſelf ro the bones with ſtudy, yer he could
by no means deviſe to pleaſe the people: whereas other Orators that did nothing bur bib all the day
long, and Mariners that underſtood nothing , were quietly heard, and continually occupied the
Pulpit with Orations : and on the other fide that they made no account of him. Satyrus then an-
fwered him, Thou fayeſt true Demoftbenes, but care not for this, 1 will help it ſtraight, and take
away the cauſe of all this, ſochou wilt but tetl me without book certain verſes of Exripides, or of
Sophecles, thereupon Demoſthenes preſently rehearſed ſome unto him, that came into his mind. S-
repeating them after him, gave them quite another grace, with fuch a pronunciation , comely
geſture, and modeſt countenance becoming the verſes, that Demoſthenes _ them clean chang-
ed. Whertby' perceiving how much the aRion (to wit, the comely manner and geſture in his Orati-
on) do give graceand comelineſs in his pleading, be then thought ir bur a trifile, and almoſt nothing
to ſpeak of, toexerciſe 10 plead well, unleſs irhall he did atſo Rudy to have a good pronun-
ciation and geſture. Therenpon he built him a Cellar under the ground, the which was whole even in nee
my me, and hewould daily po down into it, to faſhion his geſture and pronunciation, and alſy Cellar.
to Exerciſe his voice, and that with ſuch earneſt afſeRion, that oftentimes he would be there two
or
a
702 DEMOST HEN: E.S.\
orthree moneths one after another, and did ſhayethis bead of purpoſe; becauſe heturſt! not goabtoad
in that ſort, although his will/> was good. And'yet: he rook- hisiTheam and matter ro 'dechaum
upon, gnd to-prattile to plead, of the maners'hethad in handbeforey/ or elſe upon:occafion' of futh
talk as he hadwithchem that came-ro ſeehim,; while he kept his: bouſe.. For- they; were. no ſooner
gone from him; but he went down -into his Cellar, and-repeated\fromthe firſt to the! laſt all maners
that had "paſſed berween him and his friends in ralkrogetber,) and alledyed alſo borh/his/own and: their
anſwers, And if peradventure he had been at thehearing: of: any: long/ mater, he woujd- repeat ir: by
himſelf : -and would finely couch and convey it ihto proper ſentences, and thus chanigeand alter every
way any matterithat he had heard-or ralked wictothers. Thereof'.camerhe opinionmenihadof
that he had no very quick capacity by nature, and that his TID IE -but, artificially
gotten with extream labour, And for proof hereof, the e'this probable reaſoh,:thatthey never
Demoſtbenes © 1dw7 Demoſthenes make any Oration'on the ſudden,-and that oftentimes!when he was-ſtb inthe afſem-
{cldsm pleaded \y1y,, the people would call him by hisname, to/fay/his opinion rouching3the matter of counſel then in
on ene Fader» hand : howbeit that he —_— open their _ untefs he had firſt ftpdied the matter» well he would
ſpeak of. So thar all the other -Oratoxs would manyrimes givehim a tame for it { as. #ythi.s
on, chat taunitirig him on a time, told him, his reaſons ſmelled 'of the lamp.; Yea, replied Demo
thenes ſharply again : ſois there difference Pyrhias betwixt thy labouriand mine hong ray 7 And
himſelf alſo ſpeaking to others, did-not alrogether deny it, but told them-plainly, that + he did not al-
- ways write at length all that he would ſpeak , neither did he alſo offer ro ſpeak, before he had made
Demoſthenes in briefs of that he would ſpeak. - He {aid furthermore, that it was a tokenthe man lovediheipeople well,
his Orations that would be carefull before whathe would ſay-to-chem, For this-preparative (quotly be.) doth ſhew
—_— | that hedoth honour and reverence them. . In contrary manner alſo, he that paſſeth-nothow the people
Ps + rake his words, it isa plain token thar-hedeſpiſerh-theit authority, 'and-rhar/ be lacketh no good will
(if he could) to uſe force againſt them rather then'reaſon and perſwaſton; But yer further to enlarge
the proofs, that Demoſthenes had no heart to make an-Oration onthe:ſudden, they do alledge this rea-
ſon: That Demades many times roſe'up on the ſudden to maintain Demoſthenes reaſons, when the peo-
ple otherwhile did reje& him : and that Demofthents-0n-the other fide, did never riſe.to. make Dema-
'. es words.good,. which he had ſpoken.in his behalf. But now might a-man ask again , .1f Demoſthenes
was'ſotimerousto ſpeak before the people upon'the ſudden, what meant e£ſchines then to ſay, that
. hewas marvellous bold in his words? and howithanceth it, that berifing-upon the fadden, did preſent-
Iyanſwer the Orator Python Br zanTiNE inthe field, that wasvery.luſty in ſpeech- (and rough like
2 vehement running ſtream) againſtthe'ATH#ENX1Ans2 and haw chanced u that Lamachus MY Rta-
-ENIA N, having made an Oration inthe praiſe of Philzp and eLlexander Kings of Macepon, in
the which he ſpake all rhe ill. he-could of the THE Bans, and of the OLY/NTHIANS : and when he had
read and pronounced ir in the open aſſembly of che Olympian games, Demoſthenes uponthe infant ri-
; cirigupon his feer, | declared, as if: he had read ſome Hiſtory, and pointed as itwere with his finger un-
toall the whole afſetably, the norable.great ſervice and worohy deeds the which the CHarciDians
had done in former times, for the benefit and hongur of Grzzct ? And in contrary imanner alſo,
what miſchief and-inconvenience came'by means of the flatterers that altogether gavethemſelves to cur-
ryfavour with the Ma c ED0 NTANis # With thefe-and ſuch like.,perſwaſions, Demoſthenes made ſuch
| ſtiramongſt the people, that the Orator Lamachies — of the ſudden uproar, did ſecretly
Demoſthenes convey himſelf -our of the aſſembly. Bur: yet to tell-you I think, . Demoſthenes in my opinion fa-
terrified Lam4- ſhjoning himſelf even from the beginning,” to follow Pericles ſteps and examples, be. thought that for
chus in his O- gther qualities he bad, they were norſo requiſite for bim ; and that he ; would counterfeit his gravity
FO and:ſober countenance, and to be wiſe, and to ſpeak over lightly: to. every matter at all adventures:
judging, char by chat manner of. wiſdom he came to be:;great, And like as he would:trot:: fp any
occaſion-to ſpeak, | where ir-might befor his credit : ſo would he not. likewiſe over-raſhly! hazard bis
credit and reputatiorito the mercy offortune. And to prove this true, the Orations which he made up-
on the ſudden without premeditation before, do ſhew more boldneſs and courage theri thoſe which he
had written and ſtudied long before, if we may believe the reports of Eratoſthenes, Demetrius PHa-
LERIAN, and of the other Comical Poets. For Eratoſthenes ſaid, tharhe would be often carried a-
way with choler and:fury. Demetrixs alſo ſaith, that ſpeaking one day ro the people,! tie-{ware a great
Oath in Rhime, asif he had been-poſſeſſed with ſome divine ſpirit, and ſaid: . ©
"Ouroe ame Byſea and by land, by Rivers, Springs and Ponds.
Acer @amep
Me adres There are alſo certain Comical Poets that do call him Ropoperperethe, as who would (ay, 2 great
«Mg e£mazy- babler that ſpeaketh all things that cometh to his tongues end. Another mocked him for t00 much
Edrew me3 affeRting a figure of Rhetorick. called Antitheron : which is, oppoſition, wich ſaying, i Sic recepit ſi-
S/N77 rixt cepit, Which ſignifieth, he: raok ig-as he found ir. In the uſe of this figure Demoſthenes
at! pleaſed himſelf, unleſs the Poet (Anriphanes ſpeaketh it of pleaſure, deriding the counſel he gave
loquence of the people, not to- take-the Ile, of; Ha Lo NESus of King Phzlsp,-as of gift,: but-10, receive it 35
Demades the their own- reftored. And yet.every body did grant, that Demages of his own natural wit, without
Orator. art, was invincible.:. and that many times ſpeaking upon the ſudden, . be did, utterly- overthrow
Tſo, Demoſthenes long, ſtudied reaſons, And eArito of the Ifle of Cr1o, hath written T heophraſins
-v amy; judgement of the Orators of thattime.. Who being asked what manner of Orator be thought De-
Ew moſthenes : he anſwered, worthy of this City, Then: again, how he thought of Demades: above
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this City , faid he. The ſame Philoſopher writeth alſo, that Palyes Aus SprhtrTIAN ( one of thoſe
that praRiſed at that time in the Common-wealth) gave this ſentence : that Demoſthenes indeed was
a great Oratour, but Phocioxs tongue had a ſharper underſtanding , becauſe in few words he compre-
hended much matter. And to this purpoſe , they ſay that Demoſthenes himſelf ſaid alſo, that as oft
as he ſaw Phocion get up into the Pulpit for Orationsto ſpeak againſt bim , he was wont to lay to his
friends : See, the ax of my words riſeth, And yer it is hard to judge, whether he ſpake that in reſpe&t Phocion called
of his tongue, 6r rather tor the eſtimation he had gotten, becauſe of his great wiſdom ; thinking ( as *heax of De-
indeed it is true ) that one word onely, the rwinkling of aneye,, or a nod of the head, of ſuch a man 2fbencs Orca-
( that through his worthineſs had atrained that credit ) had more force to perſwade then all the fine ***
reaſons and devices of Rhetorick. But now for his bodily defeRs of nature , Demetrias Palin r- Demoſthenes
AN Writeth , that he heard Demoſthenes himſelf ſay, being very old , that hedid help them by theſe by induſty-re..
means, Firſt , touching the ſtammiering of his _ , which was very fat, and made him that he formeth bis
could not pronounce all {yllables diſtinctly , he did help it by putting of little pibble ſtones into his 4efeRs of na-
mouth, which he found upon the ſands by.the Rivers fide, and ſo pronounced with open mouth the ***©
Orations he had without Book. And for his ſmall and ſoft voice , he made that louder , b running
up ſteep and high hills , uttering even with full breath ſome Orations or Verſes that he had withour
Book. And further it is reported of him , that he had a great Looking-glaſs in his houſe, and ever
ſtanding on his feer before it , he would learn and exerciſe himſelf ro pronounce his Orations. For
proof hereof it is reported , that there came a man unto him on a time, and prayed his help to de-
fend his cauſe , and told him that one had beaten him: and that Demoſthexes ſaid again unto him, I
do not believe this is true thou telleft me , for ſurely the other did never beat thee. The Plaintiff
then thruſting out his voice aloud , ſaid : What, hath he not beaten me? Yes indeed , quoth Demo-
ſthenes then : I believe it now , for I hear the voice of a man that was beaten indeed. Thus he thought
that the ſound of the voice, the pronunciation or geſture in one ſort or other , were things of force
to credit or diſcredit that a man ſaith, His countenance when he pleaded before the People, did mar- Pemoſthenes
vellouſly pleaſe the common ſort : but the Noblemen and men ot underſtanding , found ic roo baſe countenance
and mean , as Demetrius Phalerian ſaid , amongſt others, And Hermippns writeth, that one called _—
Eon , being asked of the ancient Oratours , and of thoſe of his time, anſwered : that every man that = Nobility.
had ſeen them , would have wondred , with what honour, reverence and modeſty, ſpake unto
the People; howbeit that Demoſthenes Orations ( whoſoever read them ) were too artificiall and ve-
hement. And therefore we may eaſily judge , that the Orgions Demoſthenes wrote are very ſevere
and ſharp. This notwithſtanding , otherwiles he would give many pleaſant and witty anſwers upon Demoſthenes |
the ſudden. As when Demades one day ſaid unto him , Demoſthenes will teach me ; after the common it) anſwers:
proverb , The Sow will teach Minerva; He anſwered ſtra ain: This Minorva not long fince
ight
wasin Collitus ſtreet taken in adultery. A cerjain thief af, Chalcas ( as much to fay, as of
copper ) ſtepping forth to ſay ſomewhat of Demoſthenes late fitting up a ni
ts, and that he wrote
and ſtudied the moſt part of the night by Lamp-light : Indeed, quoth Demoſthenes, 1 know it grieves
thee to ſee my Lamp burn all night : and therefore my Lords of Aras ns , metbinks you ſhould
not wonder to ſee ſuch robberies in your City , conſidering we have thieves of copper , and the walls
of our houſes be but of clay. We could tell you of divers others of his like pleaſant and Witty ant, |
ſwers , but theſe may ſuffice for this preſent ; \and- therefore we will proceed to conſider further ofhis The time of
nature and conditions, by hisaGts and deeds in the affairs of the Common-wealth, Now Domoſfthe- Demoſthenes
»e« firſt beginning when he came to deal in the affairs of the State, was in the time of the War coming to pra-
made with the PHoc10Ns , and himſelf reporteth : and as appeareth further in his Orations which = - the af-
he made againſt Philip : of the which, the laſt were made after. the War was ended , and the firſt $4... the
do touchalſo ſome particular doings of the ſame, - He made the Oration againſt Aſ5d5as , when he. Diſpleatute -
was but thirry two years old ,” and was of ſmall countenance and reputation in, the .Common-wealth ; berwix: De-"**
the want whereof was the chiefeſt cauſe ( as.Irhink ) that induced him to take money for the injury moſthenes and
he had done him , and to let his ation fall againſt him : Midias.
. He was not of a mild and gentle mind ,
| Bat fierce and haſty to revenge by kind,
But knowing that it was no ſmall enterpriſe , nor that could take effet by aman of ſo ſmall Bower
and Authority as himſelf, to overthrow a man ſo wealthy , ſo befriended, and ſoeloquent as Midias,
he therefore yeelded himſelf-unto thoſe that did ſpeak and intreat for him, - Neither do 1 think
that thethree thouſand Drachma's which he received, could have bridled the bitterneGs of his nature ,
if otherwiſche had ſeen any hope or likelihood that he could'have prevailed againſt him, Now at Demoſthen
his firſt coming unto the Common-wealth, raking a noble matter in hand , to ſpeak againſt Philip , ancnemy wa
for the defence and maintenance of the Laws Liberties of the Gaz c1Aans , he behaved himſelf the Macede-
ſo worthily , that in ſhort ſpace he wan him marvellous fame for his great eloquence and plain man- niens-
. nerof ſpeech, Thereby he was -marvellouſly honoured alſo through all Gxzz cs, and greatly eſteem-
med with theKing of Pzx 514 : and Philiphimſelf made more account of him then of all the Oxa-
rours in ATHEW'S ; and his greateſt foes which were moſt againſt him, were driven to confeſs , tha
they bad todo with a famous man, For in the Orations which <£/chines and Hyperides made 19 AC» The confteni.
_ cuſehim, they wrice thus of him. And therefore I marvell what Theopemps meant , when be wrote cy of Demoſthes
that Demoſthenes bad a ſubtill unconſtant mind , and could not long continue with one kind of men, nes 2gaiaſt — *:
nor in one mind for matters. of State, Bur in contrary manner, in my judgement he continued c9n+; Theopomyus.
ſtant ſtil] corheend , in one: ſelf-manner and order , untg the which he had beraken bimſelf ar the
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beginning : and that not onely he never changed all-his life time, but co the contrary , he loſt his life,
Note the in- becauſe he would be no changeling. For he did not like Demades , who to excuſc bimſelt for that he
conſtancy and had oft turned coat in- matters of Government, ſaid that he went oftentimes againſt his own ſay-
OR —_ ings, as matters fell out :-but never againſt the benefit of the Common-wealth, And Melampm allo,
ms ” who was ever againſt Calliſtrats , having his mouth many times ſtopped with Money, he would up
. rothe Pulpit for Orations, and tell the People , that indeed Caliſtrarss , which maintaineth the con.
trary opinion againſt me , is my enemy, and yet I yeeld unto him for this time : for the benefit of the
Common=wealth muft carry it. Andanother alſo, A\icodewws MESSENIAN , who being firſt of
Caſſanders ſide , rook part afterwards with Demerrixe, and then ſaid, that he did not ſpeak again(t
.himfelf , but that it was meet he ſhould obey his ſuperiours, They cannot detet Demoſthenes with
Demoſthenes the like , that he did ever halt or yeeld either in werd.or deed. For he ever continued firm and con-
preferrech ho-- gang in one mind in bis Oration, Infomuch that Paxerizs the Philoſopher ſaith, that the moſt part
ww _ of all his Orations are grounded upon this Maxime and Principle : that for it felf, nothing is to be
his - coef taken or accepted , but that which is honeſt. As, the Oration of the Crown , the which he made
againſt Ariſtocrates that alſo which he made for the Franches and Freedom : and in fine, all his
Orarions againſt: Phulsp of MACEDON, in all thoſe hedoth not perſwade his Countreymen to take
Demoſthenes a that which is moſt pleaſant, eaſieſt , or moſt profitable : but he proveth that oftentimes honeſty is to
timorous man, be preferred aboveſafety or health. So that had he in all his Orations anddoings joyned to his ho-
and given 19 nefty+; courteſie ; und trank ſpeech , valiantneſs in Wars, and clean hands from bribery , he might
bribes. deſervedly have been compared, not with Mirccles,, Polyenftus , Hyperides and other Orators :
but even with the higheſt, with C:imon, Th«cidides , and Pericles, For Pho.ion, who took the worſt
way in government of the Common-wealth , becauſe he was ſuſpected that he rook part with the
MACEDONIANS : Yet for valiantneſs , wiſdom and- juſtice , he was ever thought as honeſt a man
as Eph:altes and Ariſtiges. But Dem:ſthenes on the other ſide (as Demerrinu ſaith) was no man to
truſt ro for Wars, neither had he any power to refuſe gifts and bribes. For though he would never
be corrupted by Philip King of Ma ct Don, yet he was bribed with Gold and Silver that was brought
from the Cities- of 'Susa and EczaTANA , and was very ready to praiſe -and commend the deeds
Demoſthenes .. of their Anceftors,'but not to follow them, Truly , yetwas hethe boneſteſt man of all other Ora-
franck ſpeech tors in histine ; excepting Phocion, "And beſides, herdid ever ſpeak more boldly and plainly unto
in his Orati- the People then any man elſe , and would openly contrary their minds, and ſharply reprove the A-
ons. THEN1&Ns for their faults, as appeareth by his Orations. Theopompas aHo writeth ,: that the Peo-
_.*** ple oi wrime would bave had him toactuſe a man , whom they would needs have condemned, Bur he
refuſig to do it ; the People were offended-,-and did mutirty againft him. Thereupon he riſing up,
ſaid 6penly urito'rhem + My Lords ATHENIANS. ,.I will always coundell you to that which 1 think
beſt for -rhe benefit of the Common-wealth, although it be againſt. your minds : but falſly ro accuſe
one toſatisfie your minds, though-you command me, 1 will not do it.. Furthermore , that which
he did agtinſt 4+:5phen , ſheweth plainly”, that he was no,People-pleaſer, , and that he did lean more
unto the'Authoriry- ofthe Senate. For when Astiphow was quit by the People in the Aſſembly of
the City ,, Demeſthents notwithſtandihg-.took him andcalled bim: again into the Court of the A-
tes ; and didnot paſs for the-Peoples'ill wilt,«but there convinced- him for promiſing Ph11.p
of 'Ma &EDON-10-burn the Arſexill of 'ATHz xs :1ſ{6by ſentence of that Court he was condemned,
and ſuffered for tr. He&id alſo ' accuſe the Nun 'Thiorsdes for many lewd parts committed, and a-
PTE iongſt orhers, for'thar ſhe taught Slaves to deceive their Maſters : and ſo-following the marters againſt
© 2. +, het ;ſhewas condemned:to death, and'execured. It is'thqught alſo, :that be made the. Oration A-
Demoſthenes"... polloaorus ſpake againſt 'the Prextor Trmotheas , and proved thereby that he'was a debtor to- the Com-
Orations, | MOnwealth , and' fo inaughty man ; and xhat: he wrote thoſe Orations;alſo intituled ito Forpyio and
which were, © Stephanns,' for the which he was juſtly'teproved, "Fot Formio pleaded againſt Apolioderug; with the
crue, and which, Qtatior/ which DewyFbenes ſelf had made for him-,\which was even: alike, -as if out of , One ſelf Cur-
| © * lers Shop he had ſold his Enemies Swords one to kill: another : and for. his known Orations , thoſe
--which he made againſt Androcion, Timocratexand Ariſfocrates, he cauſed chem to give them unto 0-
thers , when he had not yet dealt in matters of State. For indeed when, he id. put them forth, he
was not paſſing ſeven'or-eight and twenty years old.: The Oration which he. bad made againſt Ari/togi-
20 , and the orher-atſo'of liberty ';- againit Crefippay the Son of Chabrias, he ſpake-them,as he ſauh
himf&lf'( 'or as others write ) openly unto-the People, becauife he intended to marry Chabrece Mother ;
ybeit heidid hot;/:but married SAM AN) wonuny ns DemetrrixriMaGNESTAN: Writeth in his
:; Book Be made; intituled S5»-5ma. "But that he xutote- againſt! £ſcbipes,,, where he-accuſerh him
_ that\he dealt or when he was {Ambaſſadour, it is not known whether. it was recited or;tiat, although
. Idoyeness writeth:; that there lacked bur p———_— to have quit «f;chimes.- Bugin this me-
- .-* rhink&he ſpake nor ryly', anddork bur conjectureir by that one and>the ather haye ſaid jntheir Ora-
- tionsagainſt the Crown, in the which 'rienher the:oneriqxithe otherdo ſay; preciſely, that this accula-
tiof\proceeded to judgenient, But let '0ther thac:lift:decde this doubt; 1 Now 'before:the War began,
it-was' evident enough; to which part Demoſthener would: incline in-the Commonwealth: For, be
| . would fever leave ro. reprove and withſtand Phs/5ps doings. - Therefore. he:;being more! ſpoken of in
i ets, . Philips Court, then any man elſe, he:was ſent unto him-rhe tenth perſon - with nine orhets inAmbaſ-
Demoſthenes ape." Phil;p gave thetn allaudienee one after another :. howbeit he was.more carefull and. circurſpect
doings *g4inſt to anſwer Demoſthenes Oration then all the reſt. Buruthirwiſe out of thar-place;-bacid not De-
Oodp. moſthenes ſo much honour , nor gave him. ſo good- entertainment , as £o- 'his other a har” | for
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DEMOSTHEN,ES 705
Philip ſhewed more kindneſs, and gave better countenance unto E(chines and Philocrates then unto
him. Wherefore when they did bighly praiſe Philip ;and (aid that he was a well-ſpoken Prince, a fair
man, and would drink freely , and be pleaſant in company , Demoſthenes (miled at it; andturned all
things to the worſt , ſaying , that thoſe qualities were nothing commendable nor meet for a King;
For the firſt was 2 quality meet for a Pleader, the ſecond tor a Woman , and the third for a Sponge,
In fine , Wars falling out between them , becauſe Philip of the one fide could not live in peace, and
the ATHENIA NS 0n the other ſide were ſtill incenſed and ſtirred up by Dem: ſthenes daily Orations,
the ATHENIANS firſt ſent into the Iſle of EuBot a ( the which by means of certain private Ty-
rantsthat had taken the Towns, became ſubject again unro Phzlsp ) tollowing a Decree Dem-ſthenes
had preferred , and ſo went to expulſe the MacsD9nians again. Affter that alſo he cauſed them
to ſend aid unto the BY zaNTINEs, and to the PeriNTHIANS , with whom Philip made War,
For he ſo perſwaded the ATHEN1ANS, that he made chem forget the malice they hg bear unto
thoſe two Nations , and the fault which either of both che Cities had committed againſt chem in the
Wars, touching the rebellion of their Confederates : and he cauſed them to ſend them aid , which
kept them from Philips force and power. Furthermore, going atterwards unto all the great Cities
of GrEEcE as Ambaſſadour, he did fo ſolicite and perſwade them, that he brought them all in a Demoſthene
ruanner to be againſt Philip. So that the Army which their Tribe ſhould find at their common charge, g;,ce yp :
was fifteen thouſand Foormen, all ſtrangers , and two thouſand Horſemen , beſides the Citizens of Greece againſt
every City which ſhould alſo ſervein the Warsat their char ; and the Money alſo leavied for the the Macedoni=
maintenance of this War, was very willingly disburſed. T .eophraſtue writeth , that it was at that 4+
time their Confederates did pray that they would ſer down a certain ſum of Money , what every
City ſhould pay : and that {704y/#s an Oratour ſhould make anſwer , that the War had no certain
maintenance; inferring that the charges of War was infinite; Now all GREtcs being in Arms,
attending what "ney nn , and all theſe People and C ities being united in one League together,
as the Euzotrans , the ATHENIANS , the CORINTHIANS, the MEGARIANS, the Leu-
CADIANS , andthoſe of Cox ru ; the greateſt matter Demoſthenes bad tro do, was to perſwade the
THEBANS alſo to enter into this League , becauſe their Countrey confined and bordered with AT
TICA ; beſides, their force and power was of great importance, for that they carried the fame of
all GxEEcE at thax time, for the valianteſt Souldiers, But it wasno trifling matter to win the
THEBANS , and to make them break with Philip , who but lately before had bound them unto him
by many great pleaſures which he had done to them in the War of the Phoc1ans : belides alſo
that betwixt ATHENs and THE BEs, by reaſon of vicinity , there fell our daily quarrels and debates,
the which with every little thing were ſoon renewed, This notwithſtanding , Philip being proud of
the Victory he had won by the City of AmPH1ssE , when he came andinvaded the Countrey of Ez
LATIA, and wasentred into PHoC1DE , the ATHENIANS were then ſo amazed with it , that no
man durſt occupie the Pulpit for Orations , neicher could chey tell what way rotake. Thus the whole.
Aſſembly ſtanding in a doubt with great ſilence, Demoſthenes onely ſtept up, and did again give them
counſell to ſeek ro make league and alliance with the THEzANs : and ſo did further encourage the
People , and put them in good hope , as he was always wont to do. Then with others he was ſent
Ambaſſadour unto Tyszzs : and Philsp alſo for his part , ſent Ambaſſadours unto the THzzans ,
Amyntas and Clearchus , two Gentlemen MAcEDON1ANS, and with them Dacchnws , Theſſalus ,
and Thracydews , to anſwer and withſtand the perſwaſions of the Ar#snians Ambaſladours,
Thereupon the THzBANns began to adviſe themſelves for the beſt , and laid before their eyes the
miſerable fruits and calamities of War, their wounds being yer greenand uncured , which they got
by the War of Procips. Notwithſtanding , the great force of Demoſthenes eloquence ( as Theo 2 roms
pompas Writeth ) did ſo inflame the ThzBA Ns coprage with defire of honour, that it trod under their quence joyned
feet all manner of conſiderations , and did ſo raviſh them with the love and defire of honeſty, that the Thebens
they caſt at their heels all fear of danger , all remembrance of pleaſures received , and all reaſon per- with the 4tbe.
ſwading to the contrary. This a& of an Oratour was of ſo great force, that Philip forthwith ſenx 974% 500 wan
A ours unto the GRECIANS, to intreat for peace, and. all GxEEct was up to ſee what Philip King of
would become of this ſtir, Thus, not onely the Captains of ATHE Ns obeyed Demoſthenes, doing Macedon.
all that he commanded them , . but the Governours alſo of Tyzzz 5, and of all the Countrey of Bo-
EOTIA beſides, And the Aſſemblies alſo of the Councill of Tyzzzs were as well governed by
him as the Aſſemblies of ATHE Ns , being alike beloved both of the one and the other , and bhaving-
a like Anthority to command both , and not undeſervedly , as Theopompa faith; but by juſt deſert.
Bur ſome fatall deſtiny , and the revolution of times. had determined the finall end of the liberty of The over-
GREECE at that time, clean' contrary to his purpoſe and intent, There were alſo many celeſtiall _— =>
ſigns that did foreſhew and ſicate what end ſhould enſue thereof, And amongſt others, A- fhewed at Che-
polo's Nun pave theſe Oracles : and this old Prophecy of the SY B1Ls was commonly ronez by i:gns
{ung inevery bodies mouth : +1 and ancienc
What time the blandy battell ſeal be fought at Thermodon , Oracles,
God grant 1 may be far away, or elſe ( to look thereon )
Have Eagles wings to ſoar above, among the clouds on hie; | The River of
For there the vanquiſht ſide ſhall weep , and Conqueronr ſnall die, Thermaden
Men do report that this Thermodon. is a little. River. of the Couyntrey of CHERON8A , Which fal- or Hzmon,in
leth into the River of Cephiſus : howbeit at this preſent timethere is never a River nor Brook in all tbe Councrey
Gur Countrey , that I know, called Thermodon. And t think , that that River which we call now * <#«rones
QOooz Hzmon,
--
LH —
I ———
706 DEMOSTHENEES.
—
H#mon, was in old time Thermodon : for it runneth by the Temple of Hercules, where the Ga x-
* CIANS lay in Camp, And it may be, that becauſcic was filled with dead bodies , and that it ran
bloud at the day of the Bartell, it changed her name, and was firnamed Hzmon, becauſe Hzma in
the Greek Tongue, ſignifierh bloud. Yet Days writeth norwithſtanding , that this Thermodon
was no River , but that certain men ſetting up their Tent , and trenching it abour, - found alittle }-
Another opi- mage of ſtone , whereupon were engraven theſe Letters : _— « appeareth that it was a man cal.
nin Of THCT- led Thermoden , who carried anAm 4 2ON: hurt-in his arms
| they do fing ſuch another old Oracle as this ; + © © - =
Ye Erns and Ravens tarty till the field of Thermodon :
There will be ſtore of carkaſs of men to feed upoy.
This notwithſtanding, it is very hard'to tell the-troth of theſe things. But Demoſthenes truſting to
the valiantneſs and power of the GxEc1a ns, and being marv y incouraged to-ſee ſuch a great
number of valiant and reſolute men, ſo willing to fight with the Enemy, he bade them be of good cou-
rage, and not to buz about ſuch Oracles , and to give ear to ſuch Prophecies, And furthermore he
rold them plainly , that he did miſtruſt the Nun Pythea did lean unto Philip, as favouring him, and
did putthe THEB a Ns in mind of their Captain Epaminondas , and'the ATHENIANS of Peyicles
and perſwaded them , that thoſe two famous men were always of opinion , that ſuch Prophecies were
no other but a fine cloak for cowards , and that taking no heed to them , they did diſpatch their mat.
, - ters according to their own diſcretion, Untill this preſent time , Demoſthenes ſhewed himſelf always
Demoſthenes an honeſt man. But when it cameto the Battell, he fled like a coward, and did no valiant a&any thing
mar rom the -nfwerable to the Orations whereby he had per{waded the People, For heleft his rank , and cowardly
; caſt away his Weapons to run the lighter, and was not aſhamed at all (as Pyrhix ſaid ) of the words
Demoſthenes written upon his Shield in golden Letters, which were , Good Fort#ne: Now Philip having won the
_ and _ Battell, he was at that preſent ſo joyfull , that he fell ro commit many a fond part. For after he had
Shielg. © drunk well with his friends, he went into the place where the Overthrow was given, and there in
mockery beganto ſing the beginning of the Decree which Demoſthenes had preferred ( by the which
the ATHENIANS accordingly proclaimed Wars againſt him ) riſing and falling with his voice,
and dancing it in meaſure with his foot :
Demoſthenes the Son of Demoſthenes Peanian did put forth this, |
But afterwards beginning to-wax ſober , and leaving his drunkenneſs, when he had remembred of
himſelf what danger he had been in, then his hair ſtood bolt upright upon his head , 'confidering the
force and power of ſuch an Oratour, that in a piece of a day had enforced him to hazard his Realm
Demoſthenes and life at a Battell, Now Demoſthenes fame was ſo great,thar it was carried evento the great King of
corrupted with PERSIA'S Court, who wrote unto his Lieutenants and Governours ,-that they ſhould feed Deme-
money of the ſthenes with money , and ſhould procure to entertain him aboveallthe- men in GrEzcE, as he that
King of Per- could beſt withdraw Philip, and trouble him with the Wars and tumults of Gxzzcz, And this
ba. was afterwards proved by Letters found 'of Demoſthenes himſelf , the which came to King Alexax-
ders hands in the City of SaxÞ1s ; and by other Writings alſo-'of the Governours and Lieutenants
of the King of PzRrs14, inthe which were named directly- the expreſs ſums of Money which
had been ſent and given unto him: Now-the'GrxEcia ns being thus:overthrown by Battel) , the
other Orators, adverſaries unto Demoſthenes in the Common-wealth , began to ſer upon him , and to
prepare to accuſe him, Bur the People did not onely clear him of all the accufarions objeRted againſt
him , but did continue to honour him more then before, and rocall hmm to Aſſemblies, as one that lo-
| ved the honour andbenefir of his" Countrey.” ' So' that when the' bones of their Countreymen which
——_— were (lain ar the'Battell of C#&R0NEa , were brought to be openly buried according to the cu-
Fi: were flain Rom, the People gave him the honour to make the Funerall Oration in praiſe of the dead , and made
ar the Battell - no ſhew of forrow or grief forthe loſs they had received ( as T heopowpas witneſſerh', and dorh no-
of Cherones. bly declare) but rather in contrary manner fhewed'that they did not repent them in followfng of his
| counſel], bur'did honour him that gaveit. * Demoſthenes then did taake the Funerall Or#ion, Bur af-
terwards in all the'Decrees he preterred to the People , be would never fubſcribe any/, to prevent the
=» bo 7g : ſiniſter luck and misfortune of his'name but did Lb it under' his friends names or after another ,
Motos > © untillhe grew couragious again; ſhortly afterthit heunderſtood of 'the death of 'Phil;p , who was
" ſlain immediatly after the Victory he wan'at-CiRoNE a.” And it ſeemeth this was the meaning
Demoſthenes the Prophecy or Oracle inthe two laft Verſes: r TRAY T2 CIR -y
preferreth the © © The vanquiſhed bewailes bt tackleſs lat, |
Joy of his {4 ' * "And he that wins with tife eſtapeth nor. RAGS |
bmw; be- Now Demoſthenes hearing of Philips death: before the news were openly-known, toÞrevent them, he
bis own would purthe People again in good-hope of better tyck ro come.” Thetreupon he went wirh a chear-
Davehter, © full countenance into-the Afſembly of. the Councill ; and told 'themy'there ', that he had a certain
_iſcbines 16. -dream that promiſed great good hap, and that out of hand unto the ATHENTa't5+ and immedi-
proved by *atly after , the Meſſengers frrived" Fad brought certain 'news 'of King Phzlips death. Thercupon
OR his the ATHENIANS made Sacrifices' of joy to the gods. for this ha ws , and'aþpointed a Crown
that blubber./ unto Paxſanias that had Nain him, *"Demeſthents: ao eame abroad-M (his beſt Gown, and crowned
Sng and ſor- : with Flowers , ſeven days after thedenth of his" — ,. 3s e/£ſchinesreporterh : who reproveth.
roving are him for it ,- arid noteth him to %e'#*man having Htcte-love or charity” unto His owh children, But
I indeed <£chines {elf deſerveth tnortBlainie ; "to haveſach a tender womaniſh hearr'; as to believe ,
| 7" ' that weeping and lamenting are ſigns" a ' tle and charitable-nature , condemning them that
with
that for this Image of Thermogon,
Pd 4
_-
CLE.
SP" Ty
707
DEMOSTHENES.
with patience and conſtancy do pals away ſuch misfortunes, But now to the Arytxia NS again,
I can neither think nor ſay that they did. wiſely to ſhew luch open l1gns of. joy, as to wear Crowns
and Garlands upon their heads z-nor- allo, to {acrifice unto the gods tor the death of a Prince, that
behaved hirſelt ſo Princely and courteoully unto them in the V ictories he had won of them. For
though indeed all cruelty be ſubject to. the revenge of the gods , yet: is this an a& of a vile and baſe
mind , to honour a man while he lived , and to make him free of their City ; and now that another
had lain him , they to be in ſuch an exceeding jollicy withall , and to exceed the bounds of modeſty
ſo far , as to ramp in manner with both their leet upon the dead , and to ſing Songs of victory , as if
they themſelves had been the men that had valiantly ſlain him, In contrary manner alſo, I praile and
commend the conſtancy and courage oi Demoſthenis , that be leaving the tears and lamentation of his
bome-trouble unto women , did himſelf inthe mean time that he thought was for the benefic of the
Common-wealth : and in my opinion , | think he did therein like a man of courage , and worthy to
be a Governour of a Common-wealth , never to ſtop nor yeeld , bur always to be - found ſable and
conſtant, for the benefit of the Common-wealth , rejecting all his troubles , cares , and affeRions, in
reſped of the ſervice of his Countrey ; and to keep his honour much more carefully , then common
Players uſe to do , when they play the parts of Kings and Princes , whom we ſee neither weep nor
laugh when they liſt , though they be on the Stage , bur when the matter of the Play fallerh out to
give them juſt occaſion. But we omit thoſe reaſons , if there be no reaſon ( as indeed there is not )
ro leave and forſake a man in his ſorrow and trouble , withour giving him ſome words of comfort,
but rather to deviſe ſome matter to aſſwage his ſorrow , and to withdraw his mind from that, to.
think upon ſome pleaſanter thing : even as they ſhould keep ſore eyes from ſeeing bright and gla-
ring colours , in offering them green and darker, And from-whence can a mantake Sreater COmuort
for his troubles and griets at home, when the Common-wealth doth well , then' to joyn their pri-
vate griefs with common joys, to the end that. the better may obſcure and take away the worſe ?
But thus far 1 digrefſed from my Hiſtory , enlarging this matter , becauſe e£/chines in his Oration
touching this macter , did move the Peoples hearts too much: unto womaniſh ſorrow. But now
tothe reſt, The Cities of GREECE being again ſtirred up by Demoſthenes, made. a. new League
again together » and the THE zANs alſo having armed themlelves by his practiſe, did one day fet
upon the Gariſon of Mac EDONIANS. with their City , and flew many of them, The Atrz-
NIANS prepared alſo to maintain War onthe THEzANs behalf , and Demoſthizes was daily at
all the Aſſemblies of Councill, in the Pulpit , perſwading the People with his Orations : and he wrote
alſo into A$s14 unto the King of Pers1a's Lieutenants and, Captains, to make war with FP
lexander on their ſide , calling him Child , and Margites, as much toſay, as Fool. But after that
Alexander having fer all his chings at ſtay within his Realm , came himſelf in perſon with his Army,
and invaded the Countrey of BozOT1Aa , then: fell the pride of the Aruznians greatly , and
Demoſthenes alſo plied the Pulpit no more as he was wont, Ar length the poor Ta: zans being
left unto themſelves forſaken of every man, they were compelled themſelves alone to bear the brunc
of this War , and ſo came their City to utter ruine and deſtruction. Thereby the Araznians
being in a marvellous fear and perplexity , did luddenly chooſe Ambaſſadours to ſend unto this
young King,and Dem:ſthenes chiefly among others: who being afraid of eAlexapders fury and wrath,
durſt not go to him , but returned from Mount Cythzron, and gave up the Ambaſſade. But Alex-
ander ſent tro ſummon the ATHENIANS, to ſend unto him ten of their Oratours, as 1domenews and
Duris both do write : or eight , as the- moſt Writers and Hiſtoriographers do report , which
were theſe : Demoſthenes , Polyenttus , Ephialtes , Lycurgus , Myrocles , Damon , Calliſthenes and
Charidemus. At which timethey write that Demoſthenes told , the People of ATHzxs the Fable
of the Sheep and Wolves, how that the Wolves came on a time , and willed the Sheep , if they
would have peace with them , to deliver them their Maſtivesthat kept them. And ſo he compared
himſelf and his companions that travelled for the benefit of the- People, unto the Dogs that keep
the Flocks of Sheep, and called Alexander the Woolf. Moreover he ſaid, like -as you ſee theſe
Corn-maſters bringing a ſample of their Corn in a Diſh. or Napkin to ſhew- you , and by that
little do ſell all-that they have : ſo I think you will all wonder , that delivering of us, you ſhall
alſo deliver your ſelves into the hands of your Enemies. Ariſtobulus of Cas 5s axDR14a report-
eth this matter thus. Now the ATHEN1ANs being in conſultation, not knowing how to reſolve,
Demades baving taken five Talents of them whom Alexander demanded , did offer himſelf , and
promiſed to go in this Ambaſſage unto Alexangey , and to intreat for them ;- either becauſe he
truſted in the love the, King did bear him , or elſe for that he thought and hoped he ſhould find
him pacified , as a Lion glutted with the bloud of Beaſts which. he had ſlain, Howſoever it bap-
pened, he perſwaded the Peopleto ſend him unto Alexander, whom he ſo handled, thathe got
their pardon, and did reconcile him with the City of ATHENS. Thereupon Alexander being re-
tired , Demages and his fellows bare all the ſway; and authority , and Demoſthenes was under toot.
Indeed when Ag King of LactDamoON , came with his Army into the Field , he began alittle
to rouze himſelt, and to lift up his head : bur he ſhrunk collar again ſoon after , becauſe the A-
THENIANS would not riſe with the LacEDamONIians , who were overthrown , and Ap
lain in Battell,” At chat time wasthe cauſe of the Crown pleaded againſt Cre/iphon , and the Plea
was written a little before the Battell of CHzrONE a , in the year when (arondas was Provoſt.
— OO u ur
Plutarch prai-
ſeth Demoſthe-
nes conſtancy
for leaving of
his mourning
to rejoyce for
his common
Countrey be-
ockir,
Demoſthenes
raiſeth up the
Greciins a-
gainit Alexans
der.
Alexander re»
quired cerrain
Orarours of A-
thens.
Demoſthencs
Tale of the
Sheep and
Wolves.
The judze-
ment of the
Crown 2.
of ATHENS ; howbeit no-ſentence was given till ten years after , when Ariſfophon was Pro- gaint Crefi-
voſt. This was ſuch an open judgement, and ſo famous, as never was any , as well for the great Fame
Qo0o 3 of
phen.
+, baniſhmenr.
08 DEMOSTHENES.
TY
®
of the Orators that pleaded in emulation one of the other , as alſo for the worthineſs of the Judged
that gave ſentence thereof ; who did not leave Demoſthenes to his Enemies, although indeed they
were of greater power then he, and were alfo ſupported with the favour and good will of the M a -
CEDONTANS : but they did notwithſtanding fo well quit him , that «£ſchines bad not fo much as
the fifth part of mens voices and opinions on his fide, Wherefore i iately after the ſentence gi-
| ven, he went outof ATHENS for ſhame , and travelled into the Countrey of loN14 , and unto the
Harpalus RHoDEs , where he did teach Rherorick, Shortly after, Harpalus fiying out of Alex anders ſervice,
=_ —— came unto 'ATHE Ns , being to be charged with many foul matters he had committed by his exceed-
Athens , flying ing prodigality : and alſo becauſe he feared eLlexaxders fury, who was grown ſevere and cruetj unto
from Alexan- his chiefeft Servants. He coming now amongſt the ATnz Nnians with tore of Gold and Silver ,
der. the Oratours beeing greedy and deſirous of rhe Gold and Silyer he had brought, began ſtraight to
ſpeak for him , 'and Tit counſell the People to receive and prote& a poor Suiter that came to them
for ſuccour. Bur Demoſthenes gave counſell ro the contrary , and bad them rather drive him out of
the. Ciry , and rake heed they brought not Wars upon their backs , for a matter that not onely was
not neceflary , but furthermore meerly unjuſt, Bur within few days after , an Inventory being taken
of all Harpalu4 Goods, he perceiving that Demoſthenes rook great pleaſure to ſee a Cup of the Kings,
and conſidered very curiouſly the faſhion and workmanſhip upon it , he gave it him in his hand, ro
judge wharit weighed. Demoſthenes poiting it , wondered at the great weight of it, it wasſo heavie
Demoſthenes fo he asked how many pound weight it weighed. Harpalus {miling, anſwered him : It will bring thee
bribed by H«r- Ewenty Talents. So when night was come, he ſent him the Cup, with the twenty Talents, This ar.
palus with pains was a very wiſe man, and found ſtraight by Demoſthenes corntenance that he loved Money, and
ewenty Ta- could preſently judge his nature by ſeeing his pleaſant countenance , and his eyes ftill upon the Cup.
| Jens, So Demoſthenes refuſed not his Gift, and being overcome withall ,- as if he had received a Gariſon
into his Houſe, he took Harpali part. The next morning he went into the Aſſembly of the Feople,
having his neck bound up with wooll and rolls. So when they called him by his name to ſtep up into
the Pulpit, ro ſpeak to the People as he had done before , he made a fign with his head , that he had
an impediment in his voice , and that he could not ſpeak, But wiſe men laughing at his fine excuſe ,
cold him , thar it was no ſquinance that had topped bis weſell that night , as he would make them be-
lieve : but it was Harpal»ys Money-which he had received , that made him in that caſe. Afterwards
when the People underſtood that he was corrupted , Demoſthenes going about to excuſe himſelf , they
would notabide' to hear him , but made a noiſe and exclamation againſt him, Thereupon there role
* The conceit UP 2 pleaſant conceited'man , and ſaid : Why my Maſters , do ye refuſe to hear a man that hath
can hardly be * ſuch a golden rongue? The People thereupon did immediately baniſh Harpalms , and fearing leſt
expreſſedin King Alexaniey would require an account of the Gold and Silver which the Oratours had robbed
— = lan- and pilfered away among them ; they made very diligent ſearch ahd inquiry in every mans Houſe,
Greek, For Excepting Gallicles houle , the Son of Arrenidas ; whoſe houſe they would by no means have
he ſaith , «x &- ſearched , becauſe he was bur newly married-, and had his new Spouſe in his houſe, as Theopompus
xeo27e 73 7h» writeth, Now Demeſtheres deſiring to ſhew that he was in no fanlt , preferred a Decree , that the
— _ Court of the Areopagites ſhould hear the matter , and puniſh them that were found faulty , and
to the verbe? Fherewithall ſtraight offered himſelf to be tried/ Howbeit he was one of the firſt whom the Court
xVacs, which condemned inthe fum 'of fifry Talents, and for lack of payment, they pur him in Priſon : where
fignifierh ro he could not endurelong , both for ſhame of the matter for the which he was condemned , as alſo for
delight by his fickly body. So he brake Priſon, partly withour the priviy of his Keepers, and partly alſo
mp7 with their conſent : for they-were willing he ſhould make a ſcape. Some do report, that he fled
al F not far from the Ciry. : where 'it was told him , that certain of his enemies followed him, whereupon
he would have hidden himſelf from them. But they themſelves firft called him by his name, and
coming to him, prayed him to rake Money of them , which they had —_ him from their houſes
to help him-in his baniſhment : and that therefore they ranafter him. Then they did comfort bim
the beſt they could , and perſwaded him to be of good cheer , and not to deſpair for the misfortune
that was come to him. This did pierce his heart the morefor ſorrow , that he anſwered them : Why,
would you not have me be ſorry for my misfortune , that compellerh me to forſake the Ciry , where
indeed I have ſo courteous enemies, that it is hard for me to find any where ſo good friends ? So he
rook his baniſhment unmanly , and remained the moſt part of his baniſhment im the Ciry of £61-
Demoſthenes MA , or at the City of TROE zz N , where oftentimes he would caft his eyes towards the Countrey
=_ is ba- of ATT1Ca, and weep bitterly. And ſome have written certain words he ſpake , which ſhewed
cievoufly, 10 Mind of 2 man of courage , nor wereanſwerable ro the noble things he was wont to perſwade in
G 7" hisOrations. For it is reported of him, that as he went out of ATHENs , he looked. back again,
and holding up his hands to the Caſtle , ſaid in this fort : O Lady Ainerva , Lady Patroneſs of this
Three mit. CY: wy doeſt thou delight in three ſo miſchievous Beafts : the Owl, the Ng , and the People?
— ſides , he perſwaded the young men that cameto ſee him , and that were with him, never to meddle
Beaſts. in matters of State : aſſuring them; har if chey had offered him two wayes at the firſt, the one to go
into the Aſſembly of the People , to make Orartons in rhe Pulpit , and the other to be put to death
preſently , and that he had known as he did then , the troubles a man is compelled to ſuffer , that
medleth with the affairs of the State , the fear , the envy , the accuſations, and troubles in the ſame,
he would rather have choſenthe way to have ſuffered death. So Demoſthenes continuing in his exile ,
King Alexander died , andall Gxzt ct was up again : inſomuch as Leoſthenes being a man of great
valour , had ſhut up Antipater in'rhe City of Lamza , and there kept him traightly _
en
Demoſthenes
DEMOSTHENES. 509
Then Pytheas and Callimedes , {firnamed Carabes, two Oratours , and both of them baniſhed from
ATHENS , they took part with Antipatey , and went from Town to Town with his Ambaſſadours Antipater be-
and friends , perſwading the GREC1ANSs not to ftir , neither to take part with the Aryznians, fieged of the
But Demoſthenes in contrary manner , joyning with the Ambaſſadours ſent from Atrz ns into every Athemans.
uarter to ſolicite the Cities of GREECE , to ſeek to recover their liberty , he did aid them the
beſt he could, ro ſolicite che Grzcians , to take Arms with the ATHENIAaNs, todrive the
MACEDONIANS out of Grztce, And Phylarchus writeth that Demoſthenes encountered with
Pytheas words in an open Aſſembly of the People in a certain Town of ARCADIA. Pytheas ha-
ving ſpoken before him , had ſaid : Like as we preſume always that there is ſome ficknels in the houſe
whither we do ſee Aſſes milk brought : ſo muſt that Town of neceſlity be fick , wherein the Am-
baſſadours of ATHENS do enter. Demoſthenes anſwered him again, turning his compariſon againſt
him : That indeed they brought Aſſes milk , where there was need to recover health : and even ſo,
the Ambaſſadours of ATHENS where ſent to heal and cure them that were fick, The People at A-
THENS underſtanding what Demoſthenes had done , they ſo rejoyced at it, that preſently they gave
order in the Field , that his baniſhment ſhould be revoked. He that perſwaded the Decree of his re- Demoſthenes
vocation , was called Demen PXANIAN , that was his Nephew : and thereupon the ATHEN1a Ns called home
| ſent him a Galley to-bring himto ATHENS , from the City of £614, So Demoſthenes being ar- > exile.
rived at the Haven of Pirza ,- there was neither Governour , Prieft , nor almoſt any Townſman left '
in the Ciry, but went out to the Haven to welcom him home, So that Demetrius MA GNESIAN
writeth , that Demoſthenes then lifting up his hands unto Heaven, ſaid , that he chought himſelf happy
for the honour of that journey , that the return from his baniſhment was far more honourable then
eAlcibiades return in the like caſe had been, For Alcibiades wascalled home by force : and he was
ſent for-with the good will of the Citizens. This notwithſtanding , he remained till condemned for
his Fine : for by the Law , the People could not diſpenſe withall, nor remit it. Howbeit they devi- A
ſed a way to deceive the Law : for they had a manner to give certain Money unto them that did pre- CO
pare and fer out the Altar of Jupiter ſaviour , for the day of the ſolemnity of the Sacrifice , the which 1jencs an
they did yearly celebrate unto him : ſo they gave him the charge to make this preparation tor the ted.
ſum of fifry Talents", being the ſum of the Fine aforeſaid wherein he was condemned. Howbe-
it , hedid nor long enjoy the good hap of his reſtitution to his Countrey and Goods : for the affairs
of the GREcCITAaNs were immediately after brought to utter ruine. For the Battell of CRanoN
which they loſt, was inthe Moneth Munychion (to wir, July : ) and in the Moneth Bcedromion next
enſuing ( to wit , Auguſt ) the Gariſon ofthe MaczDoON1ans entred into the Fort of Munychia.
And in the Moneth Pyanepſioni ( to wit , the October tollowing) Demoſthenes died in this manner.
When news cameto ATHENS , that Antipater and Craierws were coming thither with a great Ar-
my , Demoſthenes and his friends gor out of the Town little before they entred , the People by De-
mades perſwaſion , having condetnned them to die. So, every man making ſhift for himſelf, Anri= , |
parey ſent Souldiers after them ro take them : and of them Archius was Caprain', firnamed Phyga- _ ha bY-
dotheras , as much to ſay, 4s a hunter of the baniſhed men, Ir is reported that this Archias was Funter of the
born in the City of Trur1Es , and that he-had been ſometimes a common Player of Tragedies : banifbed men.
and that Polws alſo who was born ih the City of AG61Na ( the excellenteſt Craitſmaſter in that fa-
culry of all men ) was his Scholar. Yet Hermippxs doth place him amongſt the'number of the Scho-
lars of Lacritws the Oratour, And Demetrixs alſo writeth, that he had been at Anaximenes School.
Now this Archzas having found the Oratour Hypersdes in the Ciry of AG61NA, Ariſtonicus MA-
RATHONIAN ,' and Hymerers the Brother of Demetrius the PHALERIAN, which had taken San-
Quary in the Temple of Ajax , he took them out of the Temple by force , and ſent them utito d4nts-
pater , who was at that time in the City of CLz8ONEs , wherehe did put them all to death : and ſome
ſay , that he did cut off Hyperides rongue. Furthermore , hearing that Demoſthenes had taken San-
Ruary in the Iſle of CaLaurra , he took little Pinaces, with a certain number of THR a CIAN
Souldiers , and being come thither , he ſought to perſwade Demoſthenes to be contented to go with
him unto Axripatey , promiſing him that he ſhould have no hurt. Demoſthenes had a ftrange dream ;
the night before, and thought that he had played a Tragedie contending with Archias , and that he = _—_
handled himfelf ſo well , that all the lookers on at the Theater did commend him, and gave him the .
honour to be the beſt Player : howbeitthat otherwiſe he was not ſo well furniſhed as Archias and his
Players, and that in all manner of furniture he did far exceed them. The next morning when Ar-
© cbzas cameto ſpeak with him , and uſing gentle words unto him, thinking thereby to win him by
. fair means to leave the Sanctuary , Demoſthenes looking him full in the face , fining ſtil] where
he was,withour removing,faid unto him : O Archiar thou diddeſt never perſwade me when thou play-
edſt a Play , neither ſhalt thou now perſwade me , though thou promiſe me. Then Archias began to
be angry with him , and to threaten him, O ſaid Demoſthenes ; now thou ſpeakeſt in good earneſt,
withour diflimulation , as the Oracle of Ma c xpox hath commanded thee : for before, thou ſpakeſt Pemoſthenes
" in the clouds, and far from thy thought : bur I pray thee ftay a while, till I have written ſomewhat _ ons
ro my friends. After he had ſaid ſo, hewent into the Temple as though he would have diſpatched ;, ,p, Temple
ſome Letters, and did put the end of the quill in his mouth which he wrote withall , and bit it as his of Neptune |
"manner was when he did uſe to write any thing , and held the end of the quill in his mouth a pretty 1nthe Ifle of
while together : then he caſt his Gown over his head , and layed him down. Archias Souldiers ſee. £44uris.
ing that , being at the door of the Temple , laughed him to ſcorn ( thinking he had done ſo, for that
" hewas afraid todie ) calling him coward , and beaſt. Archias atfo coming to him , prayed him to
riſe,
_ DEMOSTHEMNES.
riſe, and began to uſethe former perſwaſions to him', promiſing him that he would make Antipater
his friend, Then Demoſthenes feeling the poyſon work, caſt open his Gown , and boldly looking
* Archias in the face , ſaid unto him: Now when thou wilt , play Cyeovs part , and throw. my body to
the-dogs, without further grave or buriall, For my part, O god Neptmre, Ido go out of thy Temple
being yet alive, -becauſe I will not profane it with my death : but Axtipater , and the Mactpbox1-
ANS, have not ſpared to defile thy San&tuary with bloud and cruell murther. Having ſpoken theſe
words, he prayed them to ſtay him up by his arm-holes , for his feet began already to fail him ,
The death of and thinking to go forward , as he paſt by the Altar of Aepr»ne , he fell down, and giving one gaſpe,
Demoſthenes. gave up the ghoſt. Now touching the poyſon, Ariſto reporteth , that he ſucked and drew it up into
his mouth our of his quill, as we had ſaid before. But one Papps ( from whom - Hermippms hath
taken his Hiſtory ) writeth , that when he was laid onthe ground before the Altar, they found the
beginning of a Letter which ſaid ; D:moſthenes unto Antipater , but no more. Now his death being
thus ſudden, the THRAcIAaN Souldiers that were at the Temple door, reported that they ſaw him
pluck the poyſon which he put into his mouth , out of a little cloth he had , thinking to them that ir
had been a piece of Gold he had ſwallowed down. - Howbeit a Maid of the houſe 'that ſerved him ,
being examined about it, told them , that he had carried it about: him along time for a preſervative for
him. @ratoſthenes writeth , that he kept this poyſon in alittle box of gold made hollow within, the
which he ware as a bracelet about his arm. There are many Writers alſo that do report his death gi-
verlly , butto recite them all were in vain: ſaving that there was one called Demochares ( who was
D:meſthenes very friend ) who ſaid, that he died not ſo ſuddenly by poyſen , but that it was the ſpe-
: ciall favour of the: gods ( to preſerve him from the cruelty of the Maczpo0n1a Ns ) that ſuddenly
The time of took him out of this life, and made him feel ſo little pain. Demoſthenes died the fixteenth day of
5 ai #5 the Moneth Pynepſion (to wit , October ) on the which day they do celebrate at ATHENS the Feaſt
: of Ceres , called Teſmophoria , which is the dolefulleſt Feaſt ot all the year : on the which day alſo,
the women remain all day long in the Temple of the goddeſs , without meat or drink. Shortly
The Athenians after , the ATHENIANS to honour him according to his deſerts , did caſt his Image in braſs, and
honoured -De-. made a Law beſides, that the oldeſt man of his Houſe ſhould for ever be kept within the -Palace , at
ear , Che charge of the Common-wealth: and ingraved theſe Verſes alſo upon the baſe of his Image :
EO TE Rgg Hadſt, thou Demoſthenes, had ſtrength according to thy heart ,
, T he Macedons ſnould not bavewrought the Greeks ſuch wo and ſmart.
For they that think that it was Demoſthenes himſelf; that made theſe Verſes in the Iſle of Carau-
RIA, before he took his poyſon , are greatly deceived. But yet alittle before my firſt. coming to
ATHENS , there went a report that ſuch 'a thing happened : A certain Souldier being ſent for to
come unto the Captain, did put ſuch pieces of Gold as he had intq the þands of Demoſthenes Statue,
which had both his hands joyned together : and there grew hard by it a great Plane-tree , divers leaves
whereof either blown off with wind. by chance, or elſe put there of pyrpoſe by the Souldier , cove-
red ſo this Gold , that it was there a long time , and no man found it : until! ſuch time as the Souldier
came again, and found it as he left it. Hereupon this matter running abroad inevery mans mouth ,
there were divers men that took occaſion of this ſubjet, ro make .Epigxams in the praiſe of Demc-
fthenes , as one who in his life was neyer corrupted, Furthermore , Demades did not long enjoy tlic
honour he thought be had newly gotten. For the juſtice of the gods, revenger of the death of De-
moſthenes , brought him into MACEDON , to receive juſt puniſhment by death, of thoſe whom he
i!honeſtly flattered : being before grown hateſull tothem,, and-afterwards committed a fault where-
by he could not eſcape. For there were Letters of his taken , by the which he did perſwade and pray
* He ſaith An- * Peydiccas tomake himſelf King of Mactpon , and to deliver GxE ct from bondage , ſaying ,
_ —ay that it hung but 'by a thread , and yet it was half rotten , meaning thereby Axntipater. Dinarchw
on © *** CorINTHIAN accuſed him, that he wrote theſe Letters: the which ſo grievouſly offended Cſ-
ſander, that firſt he ſlew his own Son in his arms, and then commanded they ſhould afterward kill
Demades death Demades , making him feel then by thoſe miſeries ( which are the cruelleft that can happen unto man)
and reward that Traytors betraying their own Countrey , do firſt of all betray themſelves, D:meſthenes had
——_ Tre#- + gften forewarned him of his end, but he would never believe him. Thus , my friend Soſius , you
; have what we can deliver you , by reading or report , touching Demoſthenes Life and Doings.
— — —-
Thetndof the Life of Demoſthenes.
THE LIFE OF
MARCUS TULLIVUS
CICERO.
14'S touching Cicero's Mother,whoſe name was Helvia, it is reported ſhe was cjcers's paren:
a. Gentlewoman born , and lived always very —_ : bur for his father , tage.
ay
the reports of him aredivers and-infinize, For ſome ſay , that he was born
and brought up in a Fullers ſhop : others report , that he came of T {lus
a_ who while he lived was horioured among the VOLscEs as King,
made very ſharp and cruell -Wars:with the Roma xs. But furely
it ſeemts to me, that the firſt of thar name called Cicero, was ſome fa-
NJ mous-man, and that for his ſake his Off-ſpring continued till that fir-
s name, and were glad'to keep it'z though many men: ſcorned it , becauſe
bw! Cicer in Engliſh ſighifieth a cich : and Cicero had a thing upon the Cicero, why ſo
tip of his noſe,, as it had. been a little wart, nauch like to a cich peaſe , whereupon they firnamed him called.
Cicero, But this: Cxcero, whoſe Life we write of now , nobly anſwered certain of his friends on 2
-rime giving bim: counſel] ro change his name,, when he firſt made ſuite for Office , and began to pra- /
Riſe in matters of State : that he would endeavour himſelf ro-make the name of Cicero's more no-
ble and famous; then the Scoxri or Catuli, After that , Cicero being made Treaſurer in $1c11 x, he wy tes
gave an Offering of certain Silver Plate unto the gods, and ar large engraved ort it his rwo firſt names, cl
Marcus Tulixs : and in place of his third name, -he pleafantly commanded the Workman to cut out
the form and faſhion of a cich peaſe. Thus much rhey write-of his niame, Now for' his birth , it was _. . Mok
Gaid that his Mother was-brought to bed of flim-withour any- pain , the third 'day of January: on ©/#7% 7 9h:
which day the _—_ Governours of ROMs do uſe at this preſent ,"yeatly to nuke fkak
Prayers and Sacrifices unto the gods, for the health and proſperity of the Emperour, Further, it is |
reported , that there appeared -an Image to his Nurſe, har did prognoſticate. unto her , ſhe gave 2 \,, 1mage »p-
Child fuck , which in time toicome ſhould do-great good unto all the Romans, Now though ſuch pcared1o Cicey
things may ſeem. bur dreams and;fables unto many , yet (":er® himſelf ſhortly after proved this 9's Nurſe, - 1
' true ; . becauſe that when he came .of age to learn}; ig grew ſo toward , and wan fuch
fame among the Boys , for: his excellent wft/ and "quick capacity; For thereupon came the other .. - | |
Boys Fathers themſclves to the School to fee- his face , and to'be eye-witnefſes: -of the report ar bd tl 4
that went. of him ,- of his and. quick - wit to learn;* But orhers'6f'the tude and baſer ,j.. _
forr of men;. were offended; with their Sons',- becauſe ro horſour Cicero, they did always put
m 1 :-Mi » as they went in the ſtreets?” Cicero indeed had ſuch anatu-
Plato thought meer for learning; 'and apt for the ftudy of Philoſo-
unſelt; ro -all-kind of knowledge, and there ws no Art nor any of the liberal
diſdained ;-ciorwithſtanding in his firſt young yeary he was apreFand better diſpoſed
0
712 CICERO.
to the ſtudy of Poetry then any other, There is a pretty Poem of his in Verſes of eight ſtaves, cal-
Cicero 2 nota» led Pontins Glancns, extant at this day , the whichrhe made when he was bur a boy. After that , be-
ble Poet. ing given moreearneſtly unto his ſtudy he was not onely thought the beſt Oratour , but the beſt Poet
af! of all the RoxaNns inhis time : and yet doth the excellency of his eloquence , and commen-
dation of his tongue continue even to this day , notwithſtanding the great alteration and change of the
' Latine Tongue, Bur his Poetry hath loft the name and eſtimation of it , becauſe there were many af.
Cicero P _ ter him that became far more excellent therein then he, After he had left his childiſh ſtudies , he be»
pane oy vg came then Philo's Scholar , the Acaderhick Philoſopher , the onely Scholar of Cliromachws Scholars,
Joſopher. whom the Roma ns eſteemed ſo much for his eloquence , and loved more for his gentle behaviour
Cicero a fol= and converſation. He gave himſelfalſo robe a follower of Mntixs Scevola , who at that time was
lower of Mutt. a great manin ROME , and Prince of the Senate, and who did alſo inſtru&t {'cero in the Laws of
us Scevels, Roux. Hedidalſo tollow $ 7a for a time, in the Wars of the Mars 1ANs. But when he ſaw that
the Common-wealth of Rome fell ro Civill Wars, and from Civill Wars toa Monarchy , then he re.
turned again to his Book and contemplative life , and frequented the learned men of Grtzcs
and always ſtudied with them”, untill *$5//4 had gotten the upper hand , and that he ſaw all the Com-
' Mon-wetzlth again at ſome ſtay, About that time , Sy/a cauſing the Goods of one .chat was ſaid to
beſlain, to be ſold by the Crier ( being one of the Outlaws and Proſcripts, to wit , baniſhed by Bits
ſer up on Poſts ) Chry/ogonxs, one ot Syla's freed Bonidmen, and in great fayour with his Mafter,
bought them for the ſum of two thouſand Drachma's. Therewithall the Son and Heir of the
Reſciur put in dead perſon called Ro/c3xs, being marvelloully offended, he ſhewed that it was too ſhamefull an abuſe ;
ſaire. for his Fathers Goods amounted to the ſum of two hundred and fifry Talents, Sylla-finding him-
ſelf thus openly touched with publick fraud and deceit, for the onely gratifying of his man , he pro-
cured Cryſogonss to accuſe him , that he had killed bis own Father. Never an Oratour durſt ſpeak
in Roſc5xs behalf ro defend his canſe , but ſhrunk back.,- fearing $ylla's cruelty and ſeverity. Where-
fore poor Koſeins the young man , ſeeing every man forſake him , had no other refuge but to go to
Cicero , whom his friends did counſel] and perſwade boldly to take upon him the defence of Roſcins
cauſe: for he ſhould never have a- happier occaſion , nor ſo noble a beginning to bring himſelt into
eſtimation , asrhis, ; Thereupon Cicero determined to take his cauſe in hand}, and did handle it ſo well,
that he obtained the thing he ſued for ; whereby he wan him great fame and credit, But yer being
- afraid of Sy{a's diſpleaſure, be abſented himſelf from Roz, and went into GrzE cs, giving it
Cicero a weak (1, _ that bis travell wasfor a diſeaſe hehad upon him. *Indeted Cicero was dog-lean , a little eater,
Fm. and would alſo eat"late, becauſe of the great weakneſs of his ſtomack : but yet he ha@#a geod loud
voice , though it was ſomewhat harſh , and lacked grace and comelineſs. Furthermore, he was ſo
earneſt and vehement in his Oration, that he mounted ſtill with his voice into the higheſt tunes: inſo-
Cicero, Antis- much that men were afraid it would one day pur' him in hazard of his life. When he came to A-
eþus Scholar. 7 4zns, he went to hear eLntiochas of the City of ASCALON , andfell in great liking with his
ſweet tongue, and excellent grace, though otherjyiſc he miſliked new opinions in Philoſophy. For
Antiochus bad then forſaken the opinions of the new Academick Philoſophers, and the Se& of Car-
neades: being moved thereunto, either through the manifeſt proof of things , or by his certain
judgement, or ( as ſome ſay ) for that of an ambition or diſfſentionagainſt the Scholars and followers
of Clitomachnus and Philo, he had reproved the reſolutions of the Academicks , which he bad of long
time defended ,. onely to lean for the moſt part to the Stoicks opinion. Howbeit Cieero had moſt *
affeRtion unto the Academicks , anddid ftudy that Se& more then all the reſt , of purpoſe , that if he
ſaw he were forbidden to practiſe in the Common-wealth at Romz, he would then go to ATHzns
(oY all Pleas and Affairs of the Common-wealth ). to beſtow the 'reft of his time quietly in the
y of Philoſophy. At length ; when he heard news of Sy/la's death , and ſaw that his body was
rome to good and health by exerciſe, and that his. voice became daily more and more to
mens cars with a ſweet and. pleaſant ſound , -and: yet was loud: enough for the conſtitution of
his body : receiving Letters daily from his friends at Rox, that prayed him to rexurwhome, and
moreover , Antiochys ſelf alſo earneſtly arerngges. him to praftiſe in che Common-wealth , he
t
on again to fall to the ſtudy of Rhetorick , and to frame himſelf to be eloquent , being a ne-
cellary thing for an-Oratour , and did continually exerciſe himſelf pa Orations upon any
Speech or Propoſition, and ſo frequented the chief Oratours and Maſters of cloquence that were
Cicero $oeth At that time, To this end therefore he went into. As14 unto RHoDEs, and amongſt the Ora-
inco Afe and tors of AS1A he frequented Xemocler ADRAMETTIN , and Dionyfias , MAGNESIAN,, and ftu-
to Rhodes. died alſo with Menippus CARIAN' :'at RHODES he heard Apolionins AMoler , and the Philoſo-
| Pher Poſſodexius. And it is reported. alſo , that Apolonixs wanting the Latine Tongue, he did pray
Cicero declai= Cicero for exerciſe ſake to declaim in Greek. * Cicero was very well contented wats it, thinking
med in Greek. [11+ thereby his fault ſhould be the better corre&ted, When he had ended his Declamation , all choſe
PTE that were preſent were. amazed t6, hear him , and every:tnan praiſed hin: one after another, How-
> tnoanyg/ beit Apolionixs all the while (Gcero fpake , did never thew any glad countenance :-and whien he had
cero ended , he ftayed a great while;, and ſaid never a word. Cicero miſliking withall ,i Apolloni us at
ſaid unto him: As for, me (Gcero, I do not oncly praiſe thee',-but more thenthar , I won-
der at thee : and yet Iam ſorry for poor GRzEcE,to ſee that:Learning and B ( which
An Oracle gi- were the two onely gifts and honours left us ) are by thee obtained with us , and unto the R0-
yento Cicer?. Mans, Now Cicero being very. well diſpoſed to go with good hope to praftiſe ar Roms, he. was
a ltle diſcouraged by an Oracle that was told bim, For inquiring of the: god Apollo DEL _—_ ,
| ow
CICERO.
how he might do to win fame and eſtimation ; the Nun Pytheas anſwered him , he ſhould obtain
it , ſo that ins his doings he would rather follow the diſpoſition of his own nature then the-opinion of
the common People, Wherefore when he came to ROME , atthe firſt he proceeded very warily and
diſcreetly, and did unwillingly ſeek for any Office, and when he di&, he was not greatly eſteemed :
for they commonly called him the GRECI1AN , and Scholar , which are two words which the Arti-
ficers ( and ſuch baſe mechanical People at ROME ) have ever ready at their rongues end. Now he
being by nature ambitious of honour , and prickt forward alſo by the perfwafion of his Father and
friends , inthe end he began to- plead ; and there obtained not "the chicteſt place by little and little,
but fo ſoon as he fel} ro practife ,' he was immedrarly efteemed above alt the Orators and: Pleaders in
his time , and did excel] thema}};” Yet it is reporteth notwithſtanding , that for his geſture and pro-
nunciation , having the felf-fame defetts of nature at the beginning which Demoſthenes bad, to re-
form them , he caretully ftudied ro counterfeit Roſcius , an excellent Comedian , an «A/op alſo a
Player, of Tragedies. Of this #/op men write , that he playing one day Arrews part upon a Stage
( who determined with himſelf how he might be revenged of his Brother T hyeftes ) a ſervant by chance
having occaſion to run ſuddenly by him , he forgetting himſelf, ſtriving to thew the vehement palti-
on and fury of this King , gave him ſuch a blow on his head with the Sceprer in his hand, that he ſtew
him dead in the place. - tven ſo Cicero's words were of great force to perſwade, by means of his
grace and pronunciation. For he mocking the Orators that thruſt out their heads , and cried in
their Orations\, was wont to ſay, that they were like to lame men , who were driven to ride, becauſe
they could not go on foot : even ſo ( faid he ) they cry out becauſe they cannot ſpeak. Truly ptea-
ſant taunts do grace an Oratope, and ſhew a fine wit , but yet-Cicero uſed them ſo commonly,
that they were offenſive onto many ,+and brought him to be counted -a malicious ſcoffer and ſpight-
full man. He-waschoſen Treaſurer in the time of dearth , when there was great fcarcity of Corn
at Roms: and the Province of S1c1LE (ell co his lot, Ar his firſt coming thither ,:the $1c121-
ANS miſlikxed him very much ; becauſe he compelled them to ſend Corn unto Rome : but after
zhey had found his diligence , juſtice \, and lenity, they honoured hint above any Governour that *ever
was ſent from 'ROxre. Now there were divers yuung Gentlemen” of Roe , of noble Houſes,
who being accuſed for ſumdry faults committed in Wars againft thaix Honour. and Marrtiall Diſci-
pline, had beerr fent- back again unto the Prztor of S1c1LE : for whom Cicero pleaded , and did
ſo excellently defend their cayfe,, thar rhey were pardoned every man, Thereupon, thinking well of
himfelf, when'his time was expired, he wentto Rom», and by the way there hapned a pretty jeft
unto him, As he pafſed through the Countrey of CamPaAN1a ( otherwiſe called the Land of
labour ) he mer by chance with: one 'of the chiefeft Roma Ns of all - his friends. Sa falling intalk
with him , he asked him whar they (aid of him at Row , and whar they thought of his doings ; inid-
gining that all Romz had been full bf the glory of his namoand deeds. His'friends asked him again :
And where haft thou been {cer all this while ,' that we bavenot ſeen thee ar Rowe ? This killed
his heart ſtraight, , wheh he ſaw that the report of his name and doings , 'entring into the Ciry of
Rome. as into an-infinite Sea, 'was ſp ſuddenl[yvaniſhed away” again , withour any orher fame or
ſpeech. But after that ; when Be looked into himſelf , and faw that in reaſon he took an infinite
fabour inhand co attain to glory, wherein he ſaw no certain end whereby to attain untoir', it cyt
off a grear part of' che ambitiorhe had in his head': and yet the great pleaſure: he rook to hear his
own praiſe , atid to'be over-myh, given to defire of honour and'eftimarion , theferwo things cott-
rinued with hinieven -to his dynig day, and did eftfoons make him ſwerve from juſtice. - Further-
more, -when he began roughly to praQife inthe"affiirs of the' State , he thought it-an- ill thing
chat*Artificers a1d*Crairſmen ad have many forts of Inftruments and: Toofs/ without life , to
know the'names" of every; one of then! , the places where they ſhould rake them , and . the uſe whereto
they ſhould T_ : and that'a man of knowftedge and quatity ( who doth all things with the
belp and _— Wen) ſhould beflothfoll and” careleſs ro learn ro know the names 'of his Citi-
zens. Therefote he'gave himſdf'td know , not" onely mens names of quality 7 but the ftreers alfo
78
Cicero's firſt
practiſing in
the Common-
wealth.
Reſcius and
[op com-
mon Players,
Cicero a fine]
taunter,
Cicero choſen
Quzltor,
Cicero's dili.
gence, jultice
and lenity.
Cicero ambiri-
' ou3,and defi.
rous of praiſe.
Cicero given to
theydyelt in,'w at = of the Ciry foever it was ; their goodly Hoitſes ite Countrey , the friends know mens
77
they made of ,'nd the neighbours whom! they' compinied with; So- that when he -went ' abroad
mto'Fr'a Ly , whereſgever he becme;,' Cicers could thew and naine his friends Houſes.” He was not
very 'tich ,” aid yer the had enough tof ſerve his turn: ghe whidy made men ' roſe the more ar
him* "and wy, wed. him the berrer , becauſe he r6dk"nqFee nor*Gifr for his pleading , whar
Caofe foever te'rpok in hand, Vit then \peclly”', "when he defended a matter againft' Yerres.
This Ferrer bad? beer Prixtor” of SYf11 ta”, 4nd had eommitred many lewd parts there , for the
which the $161rriws did accuſt Kim." Cicero taki npon him to defthd their Cinife ; made Verres
ro be condlemned;,”not by pleadinj ; byt in 'manner''withoye? pleaqing, and'in this fort. The Prz-
tors bei tis futger, _—_ ing Per»4s', fad piade 4o many tejournments and delays , that
they had ariven'tt aff"rp. the laſt day o lagi 1rerb petceiving thenhe ſhort not have time to
ſpeak all that he'izd to' fy againft hinr , and” thit 1 nothing frould be done and judged , he
role up andfaif”; that there needed ng further pled. inthis marcer, *but ohely broughr forth che Wit-
neſſes before the*Tudges - ang tiving cauſed their depofitiongto be'taken,”he' prayed they would pro-
ed: to fentence”,” {cording ro'their evidence girrron that behalf” 'Yerſome do report , thit Cicero
gave many plex taunts and girds”, in pleading the accuſation of 'the $111.14 ws againft Yerves,
The Roma xs.'do tl a Bore, Yeyrer. There was one Czcilins , the Son of a freed Bondman,
who was ſuſpe&ted to” hold with the- ſuperſtition of the J =w $5. This Celiws would have at -
the
names , their
Lands and
friends,
Cicero's doings
againlt Verres,
=
7 = "
—_ CICERO.
——
— —— ——— ——— —
CE
the S1CILIANS from following the accuſation of Yerres , and would have had the matter of his ac:
cuſarion onely referred to him , for the proſecuting of it againſt him, Ccero ſcorning his ſuit, ſaid
unto him : What hath a J & w todo with a bore? This Yerres had a Son ſomewhat above twenty
He foakeit, Ears Of age , who (as the report went) had a very illnamefor his beauty. And therefore when Yer;
becabfe the One day thought to mock Cicero, ſaying, that he was too effeminate : Thy children ( ſaid he) are to be
Jews doear rTeproved of that ſecretly athome, In this accuſation, Horrerſius the Orator durſt not direRly defend
no Swines Perres : but touching the condemnation of his fine , he was then contented to anſwer for him, for he
fleſh. had a Sphiizx of Ivory given him by Yeyyes for his reward, Thereupon Cicero gave him a pretty nip
by the way : but Hortenſsus not underſtanding him, ſaid, he could not skill of dark ſpeeches. Well ,
ſaid Cicero, yet haft thou a Sphinx in thy houle, In the end Yerres being condemned', and a fine ſer
on his head to the value of threeſcore and fifteen Myriades , Cicero notwithſtanding was ſuſpe&ed to
ſum, But yer when he came to be &di-
Cicero choſen
EKdilis.
for a7
Cicero's gres
courtefie and
ordinary Judge ) tho
ſen afore them all ;
very arr
ceroW
ery well beloved of the
for A nd earn
he was. ired certain
ive him no further reſpite , but
offended , becauſe the other
others. The next morning
| him unto them , he be-
a,
.* Cicero withone, Pr#tor , be could not have been
wool _ him. Theſe words did marvellouſly
the offen every
Tribunes, man, f
JR K_”EOcMMGBY ob. nr rn
| 715
notwitliftanding, ; when he.came to. ſue
5 35 hedid with the commonalty. Fox Cicers made
change and Conſul.
|
3-3;
FI
era
Ang
the Commonwealth , but to-ſerve. their own' covetous minds;: ,Foit Pawpey being then in the, ..., .__
made Wars with. che Kings of PoNTus. and A&MENt4;; and had .not.:left ſufficient bebo mags
ſeditious perſons, that ſought nothing but rebellion:: Theſe men had
in, a deſperate fpan to attempt: any great enterpriſe; ſubcill gt SY
edn ;
ol, =
our bs Brocher among the number of che: Out-laws (or Broferipts) axi6 hehad been then
ive. Theſe wicked yu ner choſen them; ſuch/a Captain, were; ſworn, and, bound one to a-
nother in this manner, They killed-2 man, and did eat of his > and had beſides cor-
rupted the moſt part of all the youth. For Catsline their Captain uttered every man to rake his plea-
fure, as his youth was inclined unto,; as to banquet, to follow Harlots;3: and gave them Money largely
to beſtow in theſe vain expences, Furthermore , all Txus ca x began to riſe, and che moſt part
of Gaur alſo, lying between. the Alpes and Traty. The City, ot Rome it ſelf was.alſo in great
danger of riſing, for the inequality of the Goods: of the Inhabitants. ; For the Nohlemen;and of. -
courage, had ſpent'al}their Lands in Plays and Feaſts, or in Buildingsand common Works;;
which they:builtat- their own charge, to curry. favour with the common People, that they might ob=
tain. the . chief. Offices :: ſo that thereby they became very poor, and.their Goods were, in the bands;
the mean;men.and wretches; Thus the: ſtate: of 'Ro:Ms ſtogd cin:grear; hazard of yproar, the
ich any man might eaſily: have procured that durft have takey upon him. any changer alteration,
Government, there was then fuch diviſion a them in: the Stue, Cariline notwithſtanding,
to provide him of. a ſtrong; bulwark to proſecute his-intent, came to; ſue to be Conſul, hoping thar
be ſhould be choſen with Cams aAntenixe, 1: man that of bimſelt was apt. neither 19, do- any grear
or much hurt, and yer that he could be a great ſtrength and-aid- unto hin that would at-
EE cteniti Legs Ser cer ee
pted: hi jected Cariline., | erfnronixe and Crioerett wers titans
that-Cicero of all the ſyiters for the Conſulſhip was bu onely: a Knights Tr "I
Sonot a-Secnator: of RoME.::;.-Now, though:the, common People y 00d Dd Cicerontemed:
z
.
I.
8
TE
H.
-Not: the
cret. praQtiſe | |
had Great troubles
f | 20M \
ind Fro dnces ation and au-
, thority of the
"x9 balliſh any Decemviri.
Y they thought. gagd,
man, to. we_loyn germ
there many great account thas favoured this
—
prevens; ah
Uanger, .to him the: Province oxinee: of Grant
unto himſelf, he refuſed it, Bi
im to promiſe himthat he would aid thi
'
CZ +4
TEL
Hh
. . Cicero therefore in. " Sknate;;/d1d-0
; the Decemviri, [whicli the, Leibunes woyld have ;
< ifie. - » that there" was not one man-durfi _
is notwithſtar "ding, Tribunes; n
l the Conſuls, before; the.
TEEZ!
He
overthrow Decemvirt.
urthermore: xhey;: were utteply
; > ne ep Rrook them
men > ROME made the Roa xs. know
how invincible righr-and
counted -4 wiſe. Gover+
apreſer 'profir , then'ſeek ro curry
; favour
Þ;
]
w m—_——
ht.
=” favour with-che common People z-yet ſo. ro uſe his-words, that the: Hi o-which-is [profieat thay,
Cicero's \vees nor be alſo unpleafant./ | And-ito: provehis fweer and pleaſant EE .bealledged, ns a
Tongue. - '” he didin'the rimt of. his' Conſulthip, touching rhe placing of men ache Theatre:io ſceithe;paſtimes,
For- before; the'Knights of Rod gid fir TIN EILNON amongſt che-common People,
* Others do ſay and rook rhefx' plabe as they cane.” The: firſt TAs the diffevence-berween them, was* Marc
LuciusRoſcinus Otho, at thatitinie Pricor ::whe/ made a Lawy/by the. which't he:appointed ſeveral ſeats for the
Ozbo Tribune ,. Kniphrs,” where! rhey might froin thenceforily'feexhe- paſtimes.”/The- People took: this grievoully,
rt © ..a5'a thing tone*to 'diſcountenance 'themi : .infomuch as -Orbo- conting afterwards /into ithe |
for dividing of
the
he inv uproar
| ling the People to: the Temple of the
y reproved: them, and: therewith ſo perſwaded. them , that re
they did then-welednie and receive Otho with clapping of their harids,
| ights:which of them: ſhould. do hins.greneft honour, . Bur now! again,
the- Rebels 'of' C abilsary conſpiracy (who were prettily cooked ar the: firſt for thefearthey ſtood in)
began. tobe: luſty- again, 'and 49 gather rogether, boldly encouraging one- another-ro broach their
iſe, before 'Powpey returned, [wiio was ſaid to be on the way towards. Roam si widihis Army,
Sys Souldi- Bur.-beſides them; thoſe: Souldiers that had- ſerved-before- in the/ Ways under Sylla, being diſper.
ers conſpired ſeq yp/ antdodown br ay (-buri ſpecially the'beſt Souldiers among:chem, ' dvelling: in the good
with Cartline. gms! of Fats &4x-) did {tir:up'Carilive t0:haſten the Entegprile,. perſwading: : ves tha
they. ſhould! orice again' have goods enough ar' home; to ſpoil and/irandack ar. their pleaſure. . Theſe
Soildiers taving one Aſanligs 30 thei Ca ain, that had born !Office- in che Field::under Syla,
conſpired” whtE@ai/ine, andieame-to 'RomBite affift him mis tuir;/ who:'purpoled once again
t6-'demiand-:the'Conſulfhip, being devermined'at: the:Elettion to-kill Cicero, in che tumulr and hurly
burdy, ''The gotscaNo did plainly-@ew. by Earth-quakes,; {Lightning/and:Thunder,-and by. V ifion of
Spirits 'tharuhd appear ; th: feover [practiſe wil conſpiracy 31befides: alſo, there felb out manifeſt
codjeftires und proofs: by!-met that came romeyeabibem, howbeit they/had nor poiver ſufficient tq
enitoumer :{0 a6ble a min, and'vf. fo' great: pawer us Cariline was; - Cicero therefore deferring the
Cicero. cxamin- day- of 'EleQtiony called Caribiweinto the Senate) and didihere exarhine' him of tha which was re-
cd Cariline in f litn!0 Cut hive ſuppefing chere were many'in the Senate-that-had: good wills tavedell, and
the 3ente..., fo beckuſehe Would! ſhew himbelf''ipeady unorthem char "were of- his -conſpiracy, he! gave Cicero 2
LEP offentl;; faid he, if tharobemg: rwo! bodies in: qhis Town,
\rotreri;/ul hab a head}; -and the orber! deg goear, ftxong,
fignife the
a ©
"37 4
6 10 affal
He i was. again urjotted from whe
under
d imed' being at
men-of Roms: to
prefenityy gate
Letters Miter iyactefiof Edirevs,; rv earns. per rar fc dirothed unto divers
brought ro perſons 1 vamiGiypitic whidhy.onrofthera hid no'Niatic fdbſcvibedy; but! was onely dirtfted unto Cre
on us _ ſia" biraſelfic tieRoof the Leweribras, thac here Aibuld be'niado:a grear inRons by
ines con|pi- (oat undaBerdotebs im that be: wbuld/\$&pdnout of Rdacs'to fave himſelf, (offer
racy.
read hiv<wda\Leweh w open the rofl, burwent forchwichwuazo C:cero,, panty' for frar of
tn og, ndcpay lf 16.clear himſelf of the fuſpition theyhad of him for the friendſhip that
betwixthinvand(o arilpnec: C— ig witt-chem what was to be done,tho next m al-
SE reread ponent, frye Caryn. yr /at6vs with him, bod defiveritiamarccoting tobe
© \ +: dieefViowand communded-rihey-ſhould read theni-ort abud; All thee Lotters,- arud every one of them
+41 4:-415:0 Partieaharty;ditbbewray the conſpitacy//''Furchermore,} Quinto gdhrinr id maniiof ity, and
+,» #1 Yiehab been Pxrwrot; rold (optnby{xhe Souldiers and" mbn ot Was tharwere leavied- in Thus Cav.
1-20 Andiris-reportedalloy that Maxi was im the Bield with a greacnunder- of Soukdievs about the
Oiries of 'TwHugea ny yapin | 60 rm 2df fone change 4t/ RoB, All theſtothings be
through! ST yrs yt mg ! ſhodld' refer 'uhe {care of the
/uato the-Confuls} vo the'enih that with abfoluts'authovi phey milphic (as well 2s
they" eguld) provide for the ſfatery! and! prefe ratios i thereof,” Sucts Jminaer- of :qeeroe and autho-
riry';,' was'n6t woſten' ſeen: edcof- its the Sirlis \,7'but/ iv [rice ''66 preſent; fear and danger.
wee ; he-refertvil alle ereigh! matters: ro Quins gy
i. ; charge
q 1"
by
= IT” sT_r=Fcpr rey rr
CICER 0.
charge, and did himſelf rake upon him the care and Government of all civil affairs within ROME,
On che day time when he went up and down the Town, he had luch a Troop of men after him,
that when he came through the great Market-place, he almoſt filled it with his train that followed
him. Thereupon Catil:ne would no longer delay time, but reſolved to go himſelf unto Manlins,
where their Army lay. But before he departed, he had drawn into bis confederacy one Martins,
and another called Cerheg ws, whom he commanded betimes in the morning to go to Cicero's houſe
- with ſhort Daggers to kill him, pretending to come to ſalute him, and to give him a good motrow:
But there was a noble Woman of Rome called Fxlvia, who went over-night unto C:cero, and Fulvicbewray-
bade him beware of that Cerhegws, who indeed came betimes the next morning unto. him ; and be- eh Catilines
ing denied to be let in, he began to chafe and rail before the. gate, This made him: the more to be inten ro kill
ubbedted, In the end Cicero coming out of his houſe, called the Senate to the Temple of Jupiter ©##79,
Stator, (as much to ſay, as Stayer) which ſtandeth ar the upper end of the holy ſtreet as they go
to the Mount Palatine, There was Car-line with others, as though he meant to clear himſelf of
the ſuſpition that went of him : howbeit there was not a Senator that would fir down by him, bur.
they did all riſe from the bench where Carine had taken his place, And further, when-he began 0
ſpeak, he could have no audience for the great noiſe they made againſt him. Soar length Cicero
role, and commanded him to avoid out of ROME, ſaying, that there muſt needs be a ſeparation
of walls between them two, conſidering that che one uſed but words, and the other force of arms;
C atiline thereupon immediately departing the City with three hundred armed men, was no ſooner cling depar-
out of the Precins of the Walls, but he made his Sergeants carry Axes and bundles of Rods before ted.
him, as if he had been a Conſul lawfully created did diſplay his Enſigns of War, and {ſo
went in this order to ſeek Manlixs. When they were joyned, he had not much lefs then twenry
thouſand men together, with the which he went co praQtiſe the Towns to rebell. Now open War
being thus proclaimed, Antonixs, Cicers's Colleague and fellow Conſul, was fent againſt: him-to
fight wich him. 1n the mean ſpace, Corzelius Lentulus, firnamed Sure (a man of a noble houle, rr
but of a wicked diſpoſition, and that for his ill life was pur oft the Senate) affembled all the reft [1151 $yre.
which were of Catalines conſpiracy, and that remained behind -liim-in RO, and bad them be a4 :
fraid of nothing. He was then Prztor the ſecond time, as the manner is when any man comes tores
cover again the dignity of a Senator which he had loſt. It is reported, that thisfirname of Sura was
iven him upon this occaſion, He being Treaſurer in Sy{la's Diftatorſhip, did fondly waſte and cons
| a marvellous ſum of Money of the common Treaſure.: '. Sy{la being offended-with bin for
it, and demanding an account of him beiore the- Senate, he cartlefly and contempwoully: ſtepped
torth, ſaying, he could make himno other account, but ſhewed him the calf-ot* his leg, as Chil-
dren do when. they make a fault at Tennis, And thereof it came, that ever after thar they called
- him Sara, becauſe Sure in Latine ſignifieth the calf of the leg. Another time_alſo:/being accuſed for
a lewd part he had committed, he bribed ſome of the Judges with :Money z and being onely quit by
two voices more which he had in his favour, he ſaid, be had loft his Money.be had given to one of
thoſe two; Judges, becauſe it was enough for. him:to be cleared by .one voice more. This man being
of this diſpoſiuon, was firſt bf all incenſed by Gatil5ne, and lafty marred by. certain Wizards
falſe wm 02 1 that had mocked him with a vain hope, ſinging Verſes.unto- him which they
had fained. and deviſed, and falſe eropheſics alſo, which chey bare himin hand they had taken out of
Hons Books of Prophecy, which ſaid, .that- there ſhould-reign three: {orreles- rat Rome, of sf
which, zwo had already fullfilled the /Prophecy, Cinna and Syla , and tor thethird fortune laid ;pree Cornetiz
it upon him; and therefore bad him go through wi and not.to dream it our, 'lofing opportuni- rhas ſhould
ty as Catiling had done. | Now: this Lentxlae; undertook no ſinall enterprize, but had an- intentwith reigne at Rome,
him to kill all: the whole Senate, *and as many other Citizens as they could muriher; and to ſet fire on t creaſon
Roms, ſparing none but Pemwpey's Sons, they would reſerve for pledges, to make their peace _ -
afterwards with Pompey: for-the rumour was very great and certain alſo, that! he returned from 1entutur ag
very grear Wars and Conquelts which he-had made in the Eaft- Countries, $0, they laid' a plot'ro Cerbegue. *
Put their Treaſon in execution; in one of the: nights. of Satwrnes Feaſts, Further, they had: brought
Flax and Brimſtone, and-/a, great number of Armours and Weapons into Cethegius houſe. Belides-:
all this proviſion, they had: appointed an hundred men in an hundred parts. of : the City,-to the end
that fire ps qp—_ many. places at one time, it ſhould the ſooner run through' the whole! City.
Other men alſo were appointed to ſtop the Pipes and water Conduits which braught water rs Rowe,
and to kill thoſe alſo that came for water to quench the fire, In all this tity by: chance there were
two Ambaſſadors of the AtLozr0GEs, whoſe country at that time did mych miſlike of the Ro-
MANS , and were unwilling to be ſubje&t unto them. Lenrigns thought: theſe. men very fic in-
Kruments to, cauſe all Gaur to rebell, Thereupon praftifingixith them,, he: wan them to 'be
of their cy ad gave them Letters directed to the- Council of: their-Countrey , and in
them did-promiſe them freedom. He ſent other Letters alſo unto Catiline, and perſwaded him to
proclaimrLiberty to all bondmen, and to come with all the ſpeed. he :could to. Roms; and ſent with
them one. T3t#s of the City of CRoT NA, tocarry theſe Letters. But all their counſels and pur-
poſes (like. fools that never met together bur ar Feaſts, drinking drunk with: light Women ) were
eaſily out by Cicero, who had a carcfull eye upon them, and very wiſely and diſcreetly ſaiv
rough they. For be hadappointed men our of the City to ſpy their doings, which followed them ro
ſee what they intended, - Furthermore, he ſpake ſecretly with ſome be truſted, __ others alſo
took 0 be of the conſpiracy) and knew by them that Zextulus and Cerhegus bad: praftiſed _—_
PPP2 Amballa-
' Ambaſſadors of the ArtonroGEs, and drawn them into their conſpiracy. Art length he watch-
The conſpira- ed them onenight ſo narrowly, that he took the Ambaſſadors, and 7irx3 CRoTO nan with
rors appreben- the Lencers he carried, by belp of the Ambaſſadors of the ALtorz0Gs5 , which had ſecraly
4068 informed him: of .all before, The next por py ary break of day, Cicero afſembled the Senate in the
Temple of Concord, and there openly read the Letters, and heard the evidence of the Witneſſes,
Further, there was one FJunixs Sylkanus 2 Senator that gave in evidence, that ſome heard Cerbegus
ſay that they ſhould kill three Conſuls and four Przrors. Ps/o a Senator alſo, and that had been
Conſul, told in manner the felf ſame tale. And Cains Swlpitixs a Pretor, that was ſent into Cerhe.
»s houſe, reported that he had found great ſtore of Darts, Armour, Daggers, and Swords new made,
y, the Senate having promiſed T:zras CROTONIAN he ſhould have no hurt, ſo he would tell
- - what he knew of this conſpiracy, Lentulus thereby was convinced, and driven to give up his Office of
Peztor before the Senate, and changing his purple Gown, to take another meer for his miſerable
ſtate... This: being done, Lextalxs and his Conſorts were commirted to ward to the Prztors houſes,
Now growing towards evening, the People waiting about the place where the Senate was Aſſembled,
Cicero at lengths.came out, and told them what the had done within, Thereupon he was con-
veyed by all the People unto a friends houſe of his hard by : for that his own houſe was occupied by
the Ladies of he City, who were” bulie, ſolemnly celebrating a fecrer Sacrifice in the honour of
the: goddeſs ,, called of the Romans the Good goddefs, and of the Gaecians Gynecia,
_ - 00:wnt, Feminine:3:unto- her this yearly Sacrifice & done at the Conſuls houſe, by the Wife or Mo-
.-: ther of the Conſbll then being, the - Veſtall Nuns being preſent at iz. Now Czcero being come into
bis [Nei rs-houſe, began w berhink him what courſe he were beſt to take in this marter, For
wo-punith the. offenders with feveriry, according to their deſerts, he was afraid to do in, both becauſe
hewas: of 2 celirteous nature, as 'alfo for that he- would no ſem to be glad to have occaſion to
ſhew his abſolute power and: authority, to puniſh (as be might). with rigour , Cizizens that were
| ofthe obleſt houſes of the City, and that had -befides many friends, And contrariwiſealſo, be-
ne ' > ingremiſsinfo weighty a matter. as this, he was afraid of the danger that might enſue of their raſh-
7 fel, miſtnuſting that if be ſhould 'puniſh them with leſs then death, they would nor amend for it,
imagining they wereavell rid of theirtrouble, but would rather become more bold and deſperate then
ever .they- were, adding moreover! the ſting and ſpite of anew maliceunto their accuſtomed wicked-
neſs; beſides char he himſelf ſhould Ge thought a coward and timorous man , whereas they had
alxcady. not mich better opinion of him, Czcero being perptexed thus with theſe doubts, there ap-
peared. a. Miracle:1o- the! Ladies; idoing ſacrifice at home in his houfe, For the fire being though
td: be clean -buri upon! the Altar where they had ſacrificed, there fuddenly. roſe out of the Embers of
the -Rinds ;or :Barks: which they-had burne, a great bright flame, which amazed all che orher La-
dies Howbeit the Veſtalt Nuns: willed Terentva (Cicero's wife) to go ſtraight unto her Husband,
and 10 bid hjm.nor to: be afraitltdexecrethar boldly which he had confidered of, for the benefit of
the..Co and thae.chb goddeſs had raiſed this great flame, ro ſhew bim chat he ſhould
have great honaur by daing of it. - Tera, tharwasno timoreus: nor fainc-hearced'Woman, but
very ambitious,: and furthermore hai gotten more: knowledge from her Hixband of 'the Affairs of
the, State, theniotherwiſe ſhe. had acquainted han. with her ifery inthe houſe, as C;cero him-
{elf xeporteth, ſhe: went to: make report thereof onvohim, and prayed him to-do execmmion of thoſe
-. men. The like did . Quinrxr Cicero bis Brother, and alſo Publius :gid&xs his friend andfellow Sty-
' detit with kimin- Philoſophy ;. and whoſe counſel} alſo Cecere followed much in theGovernmen of
Syllanue ſene » The next moxning the matter: being propounded ro the Arditrement of the
Syllazxs being azked. his opinion firſt, ſaid,
execution, Quhers likewiſe that followed
. , took ſuch 2 courle, that afcerwarils be b
Ceſar privy to: by. For at chat time Cicero had vebemem
Cx:ilines con= And: ſome ſay, that it-was/broughtd6-near, as he
ſpiracy. thers wrice to the-contzary,, that Cieero wininglydilſembled,
which were 161d him againſt Czſa7,-being afraid indeed of his friends and eſtimation. For it ws
- aclear caſe, tharif they had accuſed Coſer with the reſt, he undoubredly had ſooner ſaved alf their lives
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rage : ſo that even upon” the inftant it 'was' decreed by moſt voices, that they ſhould ſuffer death.
But ſar Rept up again, and ſpake againſt the confiſcation of their goods, miſliking that they
ſhould .reje& the gentleſt parr of his opinion, and that contrariwiſe they ſhould ftick unto the
ſevereſt onely : howbeit becauſe the greateſt number prevailed againſt him, he called the Tribunes
ro aid him, to the end they ſhould withſtand it , but they would give no ear unto him, {jcero
thereupon yielding of himſelf, did remit the confiſcation of their goods, and went with the Se-
nate to ferch the Priſoners, who were not all in one houſe, but every Prztor had one of them, So
he went firſt to take C. Lentulus, who was in the Mount Palatine , and brought him through the
holy ſtreet and the Market-place , accompanied with the chiefeſt men of the City who compaſ.
ſed him round about, and guarded his perſon. The People ſeeing that, quaked and trembled for tear,
paſſed by, and (aid never a word : and ſpecially the young men, who thought it had been ſome
ſolemn Myſtery for the health of their Countrey , that was ſo accompanied with the chief Magi-
ſtrate, and the Noblemen of the City, with terrour and fear, So when he had paſſed through +, . WINE
the Market-place, and was come to the Priſon, he delivered Zentulus into the- hands of the hang- he conſyi-
man, and commanded him to do execution. Afterwards alſo Cerheg us, and then all the reſt, one rators.
after another, whom he broughtro the Priſon himſelf, and cauſed them to be executed. Further-
more, ſeeing divers of their accomplices in a Troop together inthe Market-place, who knew no-
thing what he had done, and watched onely till night were come, ſuppoſing then to take away their
Companions by force from the place where: they . were, thinking they were yet alive, he turned
unto them, and ſaid aloud, They lived. This is a phraſe of ſpeech which the Roa xs uſe ſome- They lived, 4
time, when they will finely convey the hardneſs of the ſpeech, to ſay he is dead. When night was word uſurped
come, and that he was going homeward, as he came through the Market-place , the People did for the dead,
wait upon him no more with filence as before, but with great cries of his praiſe, and clapping of :
hands in every place he went, and called him Saviour, and ſecond Founder of Roz, Befides all Cicero's praiſe.
this, at every mans door there were Links and Torches lighted, that it was as light in the ſtreets
as at noon days. The very Women alſo did put lights out of the tops of their houſes to do him
honour, and alſo to ſee him ſo nobly brought home, with ſuch a long train of the chiefeſt men of
the City , ( of the which many of them had ended great Wars, for the which they had tri-
umphed, and had obtained many famous Conqueſts to the Empire of Rome, both by Sea and
Land) confeſling between themſelves one to another , that the Romans were greatly bound to
many Captains and Generals of Armies in their time, for the wonderfull riches and ſpoils, and
encreaſe of their power which they had won, howbeit that they were to thank Cicero onely for
their health and preſervation, having faved them from ſo great and extream a danger, Not for that
they thought it ſo wonderfull an. A& to have ftriken dead the Enterprize of the Conſpirators,
nd alſo to have puniſhed the offenders by death : bur becauſe the conſpiracy of Catiline, being'ſo
great and dangerous an inſurretion as ever was any, he had m_—_ it and pluckt it up by the
roots, with ſo-ſmmall hurt, and without uproar, trouble, or actuall- ſedirion. For the moſt part
of them that were gathered togerher about Catalive, when they heard that Lentulus and all the reft
were put todeath, they preſentlyforſook him : and (at:lzne bimfelt alſo fighting a, Battle with them
he had about him, yy” Antonius the other Conſull with Cicero, he was {lain in the Field, and Catiline flain
all his Army defeated. This natwithſtanding, there were many that ſpake ill of Cicero for this Fact, in batcie by
and meant to make him repent. it, having for their heads Ceſar, (who wasalready choſen Prztor —_
for the year to come) Merel;zusand Beſtia, who ſhould allo be choſen Tribunes. They ſo ſoon -* OR
as they were choſen Tribunes,:would'not once ſuffer Cicero to ſpeak to the People, notwithſtand- Metellus and
ing that he was yet in Office of Conſull for certain days. And furthermore, to let him that'he Beſtis, Tri-
ſhould not ſpeak unto the People, they did ſer their: benches upon the Pulpit for Orations, which Þu2<5 ©f rhe
they call at Rot Roſtra : and would never ſuffer hf to' ſer foot in it, but onely to refign/ his People.
Office, and that done, to come down again immediately. He granted thereunto, and went up to the cicers refign-
Pulpit upon thar condition. - So, ſilence being .made him, he made an Oath, not like unto other eth his Office.
Conſuls Oaths when they -reſign their Office m: like manner, but ſtrange , and never heard of be-
fore, ſwearing that he had ſaved the City of Rowt, and preſerved all his Countrey and the Em-
Pireof Rome from utter ruine and deſtruction. All the:people that were preſent confirmed it, and did
{wear the like Oath. Wherewithall Ceſar and the other Tribunes his Enemies were ſo offended with
;him, that they deviſed to breed him ſome new ſtirand trouble, and amongſt others; they made-a decree
;that Pompey ſhould be ſent for with his Army to bridle the Tyranny of Cicero. Cato (who at that time
-was alſo Tribune) did bim great pleaſure inthe furtherance of: the Commonwealth, oppoſing him-
ſelf againſtall their praftiſes, with the like authority and power that they had being a Tribune -and
Brother with them, and of better eſtimation then they, So that he did not onely-eaſily break all their {;.,,,%; Cont
devices, but alſo in.a goodly Oration he made in a full aſſembly of the. people, he fo highly praiſed and (ulſhip praiſed
extolled Cicera's Conſulſhip:unto: them , and the things he did in his Office, that they gave him by Cato.
the greateſt honours that ever were decreed or granted unto any man living. For by 'decree of the Cicero rhe fark
People he was called, Father of the Countrey, as Cato himſelf had called him inchis Oration : the 0 prog
which Name was never given to any man, but onely- unto him : and: alſo he bare greater ſway in Countrey.
RoME at that time then any man beſide him. ; This notwithſtanding , he* rhade himſelf envied
and miſliked of many men, not for any ill AR he dil,;or meant to do, but onely becauſe he did: 160;
much boaſt of himſf, » ; For he never was in any Aſſembly of People, 'Senate;, or Judgement, but much given to
every mans head wil full Rill co hear the ſound of Cariline and Lenralxs brought in for hay praiſe him(:'*,
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filling the Books and Works he compiled beſides full of /his'own praiſes : the which made his
ſweet and pleafant Stile tedious and troubleſome to thoſe that beard him, as though this misfor-
tune ever followed him to take away his excellent, grace. But now, though he had this worm of
ambition, and extream covetous deſire of honour in his head, yer did he not malice nor enyy any
Cicero friendly others glory , but would very frankly praiſe excellent men , as well thoſe that had been before
co praiſe others j,;m_ 25 thoſe that were in his time. And this appeareth plainly in his Writings. They have writ-
ten alſo certain notable words he ſpake of ſome ancient men in old time, as of Ar:/torle, that he
was like a golden flowing River : and of Plato, that if Jupiter himſelf would ſpeak, he would
ſpeak like him : and of Theophraſtus , he was wont to call*bim his delight : and of Demoſthenes
Orations, when one asked him on a time whichof: them he liked beſt ; The longeſt, ſaid he. There
be divers Writersalſo, who to ſhew that they were great followers of Demoſthenes, do follow Cictyo's
Cicero faith Maying in a certain Epiſtle he wrote unto one of his friends, wherein he ſaid, that Demoſthenes ſlept
Demoſthenes in ſome of his Orations : but they forgot to tell how high he praiſed him in that place , and that
ſeepeth in bis he calleth the Orations which he wrote againſt Antonius (in the which he rook great pains, and
Orations. - | q1died more then all thereſt) PH1LIPPIANS : to follow thoſe which Demoſthenes wrote againſt
Philip King of Ma cEDoNn. Furthermore, there was not a famous man in all his time, either in
Eloquence or in Learning, whoſe fame he hath nor.commended in writing, or otherwiſe in honour.
able ſpeech of- him. For he obtained of Ceſar, when he had the Empire of Rows in his hands,
that Cratippus the PERIPATETICxX Philotopher was made Citizen of Rom. Further, he pro-
cared that by decree of the Court of the AREo yAG1T E's, he was entreated to remain at ATHz ws,
to teach and inſtry& the youth there : for that he was a great Honour and Ornament unto their Ci.
ty. There are exrant alſo of Cicero's Epiſtles unto Herodes, andothers unto his Son, willing himto
follow Cratippms in his ſtudy and knowledge. He wrote another Letter alſo unto Gorgsas the Rhe-
torician, and torbad him his Sons company, becauſe: he underſtood he enticed him to drunkenneſs,
and to other great diſhoneſty, Of all his Epiſtles he wrote in Greek, there is but that onely written
in choller, another which he wrote unto Pelops By zANTINE. And for that he wrote to Goy-
gias, he had great reaſon to be offended with him, and to taunt him in his Letter, becauſe (asit ſee-
med) he was a man of very leud life and converſation, But in contrary manner, writing as he did
to. Pelops, finding himſelf grieved with him, for that he was negligent in procuring the By za x-
TINES to ordain ſome publick honours in_ his behalf : that , methinks , proceeded of over.
much ambition, the which in many things made him too much forget the part of an honeſt man,
and onely becauſe he would be commended for. his Eloquence, When he had on a time pleaded M4u-
natius Cauſe before the Judges, who ſhortly after accuſed Sabin: a friend of his, it is reported, that
Cicerd's ſubtil he was ſo angry with him, that he told. him, What Aſunarixs, haſt thou forgorten that thou wert
— vleaſine diſcharged the laft day of thine. Accuſation, nor for thine innocency, but for a Miſt I caſt before the
—_ Judge eyes, that'made them they could not diſcern the fault > Another time alſo, having openly
praiſed Adarcne (raſſus inthe Pulpit, with good Audience of the People, ſhortly afcer he ſpake
to:the contrary.all the evil he could of him, in the ſame place. Why, how now, ſaid Craſſus,
didft thou sjor.thy: ſelf bighly..praiſe me iri this place, the laft day? I cannot deny it, ſaid Cicero;
but indeed Itook anill matter in hand to ſhew.mine Eloquence, ' Another time (74fſics chanced to ſay
in an open -Affergbly, that none of all the {7aſi of his houſe had ever lived above threeſcore years:
and. afterwards again repenting himſelf, he called it in again, and ſaid, Sure I know not what 1
did, when-1 ſaid ſo, Cicero anſwered him again.: Thou kneweft well enough the People were glad
. to hear it, and-therefore thou ſpakeſt it ro pleaſe them, Another time {rf liking the Opini-
The Secicks © of the ST601cx- Philoſophers, that, ſaid, the -wife man. was ever rich, Cicero anſwered him ,
Opinion : A. And bade himx confider whether they meapt not thereby, that the wiſe man had all things, /aſſus
wiſe manis e- Ccovetouſneſs was defamed of every man.” Of Craſſus Sons , one of them did much reſemble
yertich.. - 47s, and therefore his Mother:had an ill name-by .him : one day this Son of Craſſus madean
hy | Oration before the Senate, which divers of them:commended- very much, So, Cicero being asked
** AZrog Kezers how he liked jt ; Methinks, ſaid he, it is *: Afius of Craſſus.” About this time, (aſus being
_ ons 2 ready to take his Journey into SyKR14, he-defired /to have Cicero his friend rather then his Ene-
oo ad s my. Therefore one night making ' much of-:hiity, he told {Fcero that he would come and Sup
*AZrinGreek with him, | Cicero ſaid , he ſhould be welcome... ' Shortly after, ſome of his friends told him of
Ggnifiech, wor- J/atinins, how he was deſirous: to be made friends with him, for he was his Enemy. What, quoth
thy : So the Cicero, and will he come to Supper too ?: Thus he uſed Craſſus. Now this Yatinins having a ſwoln
—_— neck, one day pleading before Cicero, he called him the fwbln: Orator. Anorher time when he
ns be ex- heard ſay that he was dead, and then that he was'alive again : A vengeance on him, ſaid he, that
prefied in any +hath' lyed ſo ſhamefully. Anbther | time when (ſar had madea Law for the dividing of the Lands
pther Lan- . 'gof CamraNnia unto the Souldiers, divers of the::Senate were angry with him for it, and among
gLage. other, Lucius Gelius (a very old man ) faid, hewould never granvis while he lved: Cicero plea-
- fantly anſwered again, Alas, tarry alittle, the:good old man will not trouble you long. Another
* Becauſe the time there was one Of#avius, luppoſed to.be-atd *:AzrIcan born; he when Crooro on a time
Africans hare pleaded a'matter, faid, that he heard him not'z| Cicero: preſencly anſwered him again, And yet haſt
— thou a hole. bored: through thine 'car.” Anottier time:! Merellr Nepit told him, that he had over-
Sw "thrown more men by his Witneſs then be had ſaved: by his Eloquence, I 'grant, ſaid Cicero , for
| - indeed I have more Faith, then Efoquence in ihe, ($6 was rherevalſo'-a youngns that was ſuſpe-
Red to have poyſoned his Father with a Tarr, thapboaſted-he would revile-C5c###: !F-had racher have
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hat of thee, quoth Cicero, then'thy Tart, Publius Sextius alſo having a matter before the Jud
nad "as with other of his Counſellors : bur yer he would ſpeak all himſelf, and wy hy
of the Orators leave to ſay any thing. In the end, when they ſaw plainly that the Judges would dif.
charge him, being ready to give ſentence, Cicero ſaid unto him, beſtir thee hardly to da , for to mor-
row Sextius thou {hal be a private man. Another, one Publixs Cotta, who would fain have been
thought a wiſe Lawyer, and yet had little wit and underſtanding, Cicero appealed to him as a Wit-
neſs in a matter ; and being examined, he anſwered he knew nottung of it, Cicero replied to him a-
gain : Thou thinkeft peradventure they ask thee touching the Law, Again, eerelus Nepos, in a
certain diſputation he had with C:cero, did many times repeat, Who is thy Father ? Ciceroanſwered
him again : Thy Mother harh made thisqueſtion harder for thee to anfwer. This Nepos Mother was
reported to be a light houſewife, and he as ſubtle witted and unconftant, For he being Tribune, left
in a jear the exerci e of his Office, and went into SYRIA to Pompey upon ns occaſion: and as fondly
again he returned thence upon a ſudden, His School-maſter Ph:lager alſo being dead, he buried him
very honeſtly, and ſer a Crow of Stone upon the top of his Tomb, Cicero ſeeing it, rold him, Thou
haſt done very wilely : for thy maſter hach raught thee rather to iy, then to ſpeak, Another time
Appins Clodixes pleading a marter, ſaid in his Preamble, that his friend had earneſtly requeſted him
to employ all his knowledge, diligence, and faith upon this matter, O gods, ſaid Cicero, and haft
thou ſhewed thy ſelf ſo hard-hearted to th friend, as ro perform nothing of all that he requeſted
thee > Now to uſe theſe fine taunts and girds to his Enemies, it was a part of a good Orator : but
ſo commonly to gird every man to make the People laugb, that wan him great ill-will of many, as
ſhall appear by ſome examples I will tell you. e Marcus eAquinizs had two Sons-in-law, who
were both baniſhed : Cicero therefore called him eAdraſtus. Lucius Cotta by chance alſo was
Cenſor at that time, when Cicero ſued to be Conſul : and following his ſuit at the day of Ele&i-
on, be was athirſt, and was driven to drink. But while he drank, all his friends ſtood abour-him,
and after he had drunk, he ſaid unto them: It is well done of ye (ſaid he) to be atraid leſt the Cen-
for ſhould be angry with me becauſe 1 drink Water: for it was reported the Cenſor loved Wine
well. Another time Cicero meeting one Yoconixs, with three foul Daughters of his with him , he
cryed out aloud :
This man bath gotten Children in deſpite of Phabus,
It was thought in Rows that Aſarcus Gellizs was not born of free Parents by Father and Mother,
who reading certain Letters one day in the Senate very loud : Cicero ſaid unto them that were abour
him, Wonder not at him, quoth he, for this man hath been a Cryer in his days. Fa»ſt#s, the Sonne
of Sylla DiRatour at Ro, which ſet up Bills Out lawing divers ROMANS , making it lawfſull for
any man to kill them without danger where they found them, this man after he had ſpent the moſt
part of his Fathers Goods, was ſo ſorein debt, that he was driven to ſell his houſhold Stuff, by Bills
ſer up onevery Poſt. Cicero when he ſaw them, Yea marry, ſaid he, theſe Bills pleaſe me better,
then thoſe which his Father ſer up. Theſe taunts and common quips without purpoſe, made divers
men to malice him. The great ill-will that C/ods#s bore him, began upon this occaſion. Clodins was
of noble houſe, a young man, and very wild and inſolent : he being in love with Pompeia Ceſars
Wife, found the means ſecretly to get into: Ceſars houſe, apparelled like a young ſinging Wench
becauſe onthat day the Ladies of RO did ſolemnly celebrate a ſecret Sacrifice in Ce/zrs houſe, which,
is not lawfull for men ta be preſent at. So there was no man there but Clodzus, who thought he ſhould
not have been known, becauſe he was but a young man, withour any hair on his face, and that by
this means he might come to Pompera amongſt the other Women. He being gorten- into this great
houſe by night, not knowing the Rooms and Chambers in ir, there was one of Ceſars Mothers
Maids of her Chamber, called: eAurelia, who ſeeing him wandring up and down the houſe in
this ſort, asked him what he was, and how they called him, So being forced to anſwer, he aid
he ſought for - Aura, one of Pompeia's Maids, The Maid perceived ſtraight ir was no Wo-
mans voice, and therewithall gave a great ſhriek, and called the other Women, the which did
ſee the- Gates faſt ſhut, and then ſought every corner up and down, fo that at length they found
him in the Maids Chamber with whom he came in, His offence was ſtraight blown abroad in
the City, whereupon Ceſar put his Wife away : and one of the Tribunes alſo accuſed Clodzxs, and
burdened him that he had prophaned the holy Ceremonies of the Sacrifices. Cicero at that time
was yet his friend, being one that had very friendly done for him at all times, and had ever ac-
companied him to guard him, if any man would have offered him injury in the buſie time of the
conſpiracy of Catiline. (lodius ſoutly denied the matter he was burdened with, and ſaid that
he was not in RoME at that time, but far from thence. Howbeit C:cero gaye evidence againſt Cicero gave 6-
him, and depoſed, that the ſelf ſame day he came home to his bouſe unto him , to ſpeak with videnceagainlt
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him about certain matters. This indeed was true, though ir ſeemeth Cicero gave nor this evi-
dence ſo much for the truthes ſake, as to pleaſe his Wife Terentia : for ſhe hated Nodzus ro the
death, becauſe of his Sifter Clodia that would have married C:cero, and did ſecretly practiſe the
marriage by one Tallixs, who was (cero's very friend, and becauſe he repaircd very often to this
Clodia that dwelt hard by. Cicero, Terentia began to ſuſpect him, Terentia being a cruel Woman,
and wearing her Husbands Breeches, allured Cicero to fer upon C/odixs in his adverſity, and to
Witneſs againſt him, as many other honeſt men of the City alſo did : Some that he was perjured,
others
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others that he committed a thouſand lewd parts, that' he bribed the People with Money, that he
The wicked had enticed and deflowred many Women, ' Zucullxs alſo brought forth certain Maidens, which
parrs of Clo- depoſed that Clodixs had deflowred the youngeſt of his own Siſters, ſhe being in the houſe with
dius, him, and married. And there went a great rumour alſo, that he knew his two other Siſters, of
* Some og *Þ< Which the one was called * Terentsa, and married unto King Afarrius : and the other Clodia,
Books do reag Whom Merellus Celer had married, and whom they commonly called Quadrantaria : becauſe one
Tecrtia. of her Paramours ſent her a Purſe full of Quadrines (which are little pieces of Copper Money) in-
ſtead of Silver. Clodius was landered more by her, then with any of the other two, Notwith-
ſtanding, the People were very much offended with them that- gave evidence againft him , -and
accuſed him, The Judges being afraid of it, got a great number of armed men about them, ar
the day of his Judgement, for the ſafety of their Perſons : and in the Tables where they wrote their
_ Sentences, their Letters for the moſt part were confuſedly ſer down. This notwithſtanding, it was
Clodiusquit, found that be was quit by the greateſt number : and it is reported alſo that ſome of them were
- a%X cloſe fiſted. Carulus therefore meeting with ſome of them going home, after they had given their
Baa ſentence, told them : Surely ye had good reaſon to be well guarded for your (afery, for you were
afraid your Money ſhould have been taken from you, which you rook for Bribes. And Cicero ſaid
unto Clodius, who reproved him: that his Witneſs was not true he gave againſt him : Clean con-
trary, quoth Cicero, for five and twenty of the Judges have believed me, being ſo many that have
condemned thee ; and the thirty "would not believe thee , for they would not quit thee before
Caeſars words they had fingred Money. Notwithſtanding in this judgement Ceſar never gave evidence againſt
of the putting Clodius ; and ſaid moreover, that he did not think his Wife had committed any adultery : howbeit
away bis Wife that he had put her away, becauſe he would that Ceſar's Wife ſhould not onely be clean from any
—— diſhoneſty, but alſo void of all ſuſpition. Clodins being quit of this Accuſation and trouble, and
Tribune of the Þaving alſo found means to be choſen Tribune, he began ftraight to perſecute Cicero, changing
People. all things, and ftirring up all manner of People againſt him, Firſt he wan the good: will of the
Piſo and Ga» common People by deviſing of new Laws which he preferred for their benefit and commodity :
binius Conluls, 1, beth the Conſuls he granted great and large Provinces : unto Piſo, MactDoNn, and to
Gabinins, SYK1a, He madealſo many poor amen free Citizens, and had alwaies about him a great
Craſſus, Pom- number of Slaves armed. At. that preſent ' time there were three notable men in Roms, which
pey, and Ceſar, Carried all the ſway : Craſſus that ſhewed himſelf an open Enemy unto Cicero : Pompey the other,
three of the made much both of the one and the other ; the third was Ceſar, who was prepared for his Journey
greateſt met ® into GAuL with an Army. Cicero did lean unto him, (though he knew him no faft friend of his,
Rome, 00% and that he miſtruſted him for matters- paſt in Carilines conſpiracy) and prayed him that he might
| ——y 20 to the Wars with him, as one of his Lieutenants. Ceſar granted him, Thereupon Clodius
Cero, perceiving that by this means he got him our of the danger of his Office of Tribuneſhip for that
ear, he made fair weather with him ( as though he meant to reconcile himſelf unto him ) and
told him that he had cauſe rather to think ill of Terextia, for that he had done againſt him, then
of himſelf : and always ſpake very courteouſly-of him as occaſion fell out, and ſaid, he did think
nothing in him, neither had any malice to him, howbeit it did a little grieve him, that being a
friend, he was offered unkindneſs by a friend, Theſe ſweer words made Cicero no- more afraid,
ſo that he gave up his Lieutenancy unto Ceſar, and began again to' plead as hedid before. . Ceſar
rook this in ſuch diſdain, that he heartned Clodixs the more againſt him, and beſides, made Pom-
pey his Enemy, And Ceſar himfelf alſo ſaid before all the People, that he thought Czcero had put
Lentulus, Cethegus, and the reſt unjuſtly to death, and contrary to Law , without lawfull trial
Cicero accuſed and condemnation. And this was the fault for' the which C:cero was openly accuſed, Thereupon
FER - Cp ſeeing himſelf accuſed for this Fact, he changed his uſuall Gown he wore , and put on a
mourning Gown : and ſo ſuffering his beard and hair of his head to grow without any combing, he
went in this humble manner, and ſued to the People, - But Cladius: was ever about - him in every
place and ftreet he went, having 'a ſight of Raſcals and Knaves with him, that ſhawefully mocked
him for that he had changed his Gown and Countenance in that ſort , and oftentimes they calt
The Knightsof dirt and ſtones at him, breaking his talk and requeſts he made unto the People. ' This notwith-
Rome and Se- ſtanding, all the Knights of Roms did in manner change their Gowns with him for- company ;
ins, and of them there were commonly twenty thouſand young Gentlemen of noble hoyſes which follow-
Cicero's lake, ed bim with their hair about their ears, and were ſuiters to the: People for him, Furthermore,
the Senate aſſembled to decree that the People ſhould mourn in Blacks, as in a common calamity :
but the Conſuls were againſt it. And Clodixs on the other fide was with a band of armed men a- *'
bout the Senate , ſo that many of the Senators. ran out of the .Senate , | crying and tearing
their cloaths for ſorrow. Howbeit, theſe men ſeeing all that, were.nothing the more moved with
pity and ſhame, bur either C:cero muſt needs-abfent. himſelf, or::elſe-determine. to fight with C-
| dius. Then went Cicero to entreat Pompey to aid him, but he abſented himſelf.of purpoſe out of
the City, becauſe he would not be entreated, and lay: at one of his houſes in the Countrey, near un-
to the City of ALza, So he firſt of all ſent -Psfo his Son-in-law unto him: tg.) entreat him,
afterwards went himſelf in Perſon to him, But Powpey. being. told: that he was come; had not the
Þ 1, heart ro ſuffer him tocometo him; to look him in rhe face : for: he had been' paſt all ſhame to bave
—_ $4 oe refuſed the requeſt of ſo worthy a man, who had before ſhewed bim ſuch. pleaſure, and alſo done
being accuſed, 2nd ſaid ſo many things in his favour, Howbeit Pompey being the :San-in-law to Ceſar , did un-
| fortunately (at his requeſt) forſake him at -his: need, unto whom be--was bound for ſo many inh-
nite
CICERO.
nize pleaſures; as be had received of him afore: and therefore when be heard ſay he came to him,
he went our at his back-gate, and would not ſpeak wih bim, So Cicero ſeeing himſelf betrayed
of him , and now having no other refuge to whonr he might, repair unto , he put himſelf inco.
the hands of the two Conſuls. Of them wo, Gebiniz4 was ever cruell and churliſh unto him,
but Psſo on the other fide ſpake always very courteoully unto him , and prayed him to abſenc
himſelt for a time, and to give: place 2 little to Clodixs fury , and patiently to bear the change
of the time. For-in ſ@ doing, be might come « another time to be the preſerver of his
Countrey , which was now tor his ſake in tumult and#ſedition. Cicero upon this anſwer of
the Conſul, 'confulred with his friends ; among the which Zaculas gave him advice to tarry
and ſaid that he ſhould be the ſtronger. Bur all the reſt were of cont Opinion , and would
have him to get bim away with ſpeed, for the People would —_ with for bim again, when,
they had once been beaten with (Jodie fury and folly. {Jcero liked beſt to follow this counſel.
Whereupon having had a Statue of Aſinerva along time in his houſe, the which be greatly reve-
renced, he carried her himſelf, and gave her .to the -Capitol}, with this inſcription z Unto Mi- Cicero's Exile?
nerva Protettor of ROME. So his friends having given him ſafe conduR, he went, out of Rows ,
abour midnight , and took his way through the Countrey of Luxz by Land, meaning to go
inco S1ciLE. When it was known in Rows that he was fled , Clod5us did preſently ba-
niſh him by decree of the People, and cauſed Bills of inhibition to be ſet up, thatno man ſhould
ſecretly receive him within five hundred miles compa's of ITaLy. Howbeit, divers men re-
verencing Cicero, made no reckoning of that inhibition : bt when they had uſed him' with all
manner of courteſie poſſible, they did conduct him beſides at his departure, ſaving one City one-
ly in Lux, called at that time HryPoN1WuM, and now ViBONE : where a S1C1L1AN cal- pyipponium;
led Yibizs ( unto. whom Cicers before had done many pleaſures, and ſpecially among others, had alias Vibone, 8
made him . Mafter of the Works in the year that he was Canſul ) would not once receive City-in Lake.
bim imo his houſe, but promiſed him he would appoint him a place in the Country that he might
go umo. And Cains Virgilom alſo, at that time Prztor and Governour of $:ic1Lz, who be-
tore had ſhewed himſelf his very great friend, wrote then unto bim, that he ſhould not come near
unto S1c11s. This grieved him to the heart. Thereupon he went dire&ly unto the City of A
BrunDus1uM , and there imbarked to paſs over the Sea unto DYzracnun, and at the firſh ——_—_
bad wind at will , buc when he was in the main Sea, the wind. turned , and brought him back j1 his exite.
again to the place from whence he came. But after thiat he hoiſed fail again, andthe report went, Cicero's faint-
that at- his arrival at DYkzRAcH1ium when he took Land , the Earth ſhook under him , hearc in hig
the Sea gave back together : whereby the Soathfayers interpreted, that his exile ſhould nor be +
long, becauſe both.rhe one and the other was a token of change, Yer Cicero , notwit
that many men came to fee him for the good will they bare bim, and. that the Cities of Gzzzcs
contended who ſhould moft honeur him, be was always ad., and could not be merry, bur caſt
his eyes ſtil} rowards IT ALY, as paſhonate Lovers do towards the Women they love : ſhewi
Bimſelf fainr-hearted, and thok this adverftity more baſely then was looked for of one ſo w
ſtudied and learned' as he. And yer be! oftentimes. prayed his friends, not to call him Oratoe,
but rather Pkitofopher : faying, tha Philoſophy was his chicfeſt Profeſſion, and that for his Elo-
quence he did-nor-uſe it , hur.as' a neceſſary Inſtrument to one that pleadeth in the Common- *
wealth, Bur glory and opinion hath great power te take mans reaſon from him, even like a Tye yonger-
colour, from the- minds of, them thar are common Pleaders in mazters of State, and to make full power of
them feet the ſelf-ſame paſſions. chat common People do, by daily frequenting their company: Glory,
unleſs they take 'great heed of them, and that -they come toi;praQtiſe in the Commonwealth wih
this reſolute mind, :1 have to do- with the, like matters that the common People have, but net
to entangle themſelves with. the like pafſionsand moods, by the which their matzers do riſe, Now
Cledius was not contented that he had baniſhed Cicero out of IT a Ly, but: further, be burnt all
his houſes in the Countrey, and grammar then of thewhich
he buile a Temple of Liberry, and cauſed his Gaods to: be ſold by the Cryer : ſo that the Cryer
was occupied all day long crying the Goods to be ſold, and no man to buy any of them.
The: chiefeſt men of the Ciry beginning to be afraid of the; violent parts , and having the
common People at his Commandment, whom he had made'very bold and inſolenc he |
to inveiph againſt Pompey, and ſpake ill of his doings in the time of his Wars, the which ev
man elſe bur himſelf did commend, Pompey: then' was very angry with himſelf tha he had fo Pompey clang-
. Forſaken Cicero, and repented him of it, and by his friends procured all the means he could to jng mind wk
caſt kim home again from his baniſhment, Clodizs was againſt it all be could. - The Senate not- fayour Cicero,
withſtanding- with: one full conſent ordained , that noching ſhould be eſtabliſhed for the Com- j ,,,,4y, Con-
th, before Ciceyo's baniſhment were firſt repealed. . Zenexlus was at that time Conſul, (ul.
and there grew 'fuch an uproar and ftir upon it , that ſome of the Tribunes were hurt in the
Market-place, and' Q4ntus Cicero ( the Brother of Cicero ) was beaten down and hidden under
the dead bodies. Then the People to change their minds. And Annias Hilo , one of
the Tribunes, was-the firft man that venture upon Clodbs, and bring him by force to be
tried before thee Judges. Pompey himſelf alſo: baving gotten a great of men about him,
as well of the City of Rows as of other Towns CRIDICENY ſtrongly guazded with them,
he came out of his houſe, and: compelled Clodizs to get him out of the Marker-place, and then
called the People-to give their voices for the calling home again of Cicero, It is reported -
t
ad kk A. Ea Cote re
te
-
.
_w
"> 3» p i e ab b "4 ay X .
rl
T —
CICER 0.
Cicers called
home from
baniſhmenr.
Cicero taketh
away the Ta.
bles of Clodius
Ads out of
the Capitoi,
Cledius the
Tribune, {lain
by Milo.
the People never paſſed thing with ſo great good-will, nor ſo wholly together , as the return of
Crcero, And the Senate for their parts alſo, in the behalf of Cicers, ordained » that the Cities
which had honoured and. received Cicero in his exile, ſhould be greatly commended : and that his
houſes which Clodizs had overthrown and razed, ſhould be re-editied at the charge of the Com-
monwealth, So Cicero returned the ſixteenth Moneth after his baniſhment, and che Towns and
Cities he came by, ſhewed themſelves ſo joyfull of his return , that all manner of men went to
meet and honour him, with ſo great love and affeRtion , that Cicero's report thereof. afterwards
came indeed ſhort of the very truth as it was. For he faid, that ITaLy brought him into Roe
upon their ſhoulders. Inſomuch as Crsſ himſelf, who before his baniſhment was his Enemy,
went then with very good will unto him, and became his friend, ſaying : That he did it for the love
of his Son, who loved Cicero with all his heart, Now Cicero being returned, he found a time
when Clodixs was out of the City, and went with a good company of his friends unto the Capi-
toll, and there rook away the Tables, and brake them, in the which Clodius had written all his
As that he had paſſed and done in the time of his Tribuneſhip, Clodizs would afterwards have ac
cuſed Cicero for it : But Cicero anſwered him, that he was not lawfully created Tribune , becauſe
he. was of the PATRIC1ANS, and therefore all that he had done in his Tribuneſhip was void,
and of none effe&t, Therewith Caro was offended, and ſpake againſt him, not for that he liked
of Clodius doings, (but to the contrary, utrerly miſliked all that he did ) but becauſe be thought
it out of all reaſon, that the Senate ſhould cancell all thoſe things which he had done and paſſed
m his Tribuneſhip, and ſpecially, becauſe amongſt the reſt, that was there which he himſelf had
done in the Ifle of Cy yxus, and in the Ciry of ByzanTium, Hereupon there grew ſome
ſtrangeneſs berwixt Cicero and Cato, the which notwithſtanding broke not out to open enmity, but
onely to an abſtinence of their wonted familiariry, and acceſs one to another, Shortly after,
Milo flew Clodins. Milo being accuſed of murther, prayed Cicero to plead his cauſe. The Se-
nate fearing that this Accuſation of 445lo , ( who was a hardy man, and of quality beſides) would
move ſome ſedirion and uproar in the City, they gave Commiſſion to Pompey to ſee juſtice exe-
cured as well in this cauſe as in other offences, that the City-might be quier, and j allo
- executed with ſafery. Thereupon Pompey the night before took the higheſt places. of the Mar-
Cicero fearfull
in Wars, and
timorous in
pleading.
Cicero pleadeth
Mils's caſe,
Cicero choſ;n
Augure.
Cicero Pro-
Conſul of
Cilicia.
ker-place, by his Souldiers that- were armed, whom he placed thereabout. Aſilo fearing that Ci-
cero would be afraid to-ſee ſuch a number of harneſſed men about him , being fo ufuall matter,
and that it might peradventure -hinder him to plead his cauſe well, he prayed him he would
come-betimes in the morning in his Litter into the Market-place, and there to ftay the coming
of the Judges , till- the: place were full. For Cicero was not onely fearfull in Wars, but timo-
rous alſo in pleading, For indeed he never began to ſpeak , but ir: was in fear: yay | when his
Eloquence was *corne to the beſt proot and perfection, he never left his trembling. and timo-
rouſneſs. Infomuch that pleading -a caſe for Mutine Murena ( accuſed by Cats) ſtriving ta
excell Hortenſius, whoſe pleadirig was very well thought of, he took no reft all night, and what
ugh watching and the trovble of his mind, he' was not very well, ſo that be. was not ſo well
liked for his pleading as Hortenſius. So, going to defend A45lp's cauſe, when he came our of his
Litter, and ſaw Pompey et alott as if it had'been in. a Camp, 'and the Market-place compaſſed
about with armed men, gliſtering in every corner, itſo amazed him, that he could' ſcant faſhion
himſelf ro ſpeak , all rhe parts'of him did ſs quake and tremble , and his voice could not come
to him. But «Hilo on the other ſide ' ſtood boldly by himſelf , without -any fear at all of
the judgement" of his cauſe, neither did he let his' hair grow, as other men accuſed did : neither
did he wear any mourning Goin ,"the which was 1{ as it ſeemed) one of the chiefeſt cauſes
that condemned' him. Yet many held opinion thar this timorouſneſs of - Cicero came rather of
the good wilt he bore unto his friends ,. then of any cowardly mind of himſelf, He was alſo
choſen one of the Prieſts of the Sootbſayers, which they. call Augures , in the room of Pub-
lixs Craſſus the younger, who was (lain in the'Realm of PaxTHia. Afterwards , the Pro-
vince of C1t1C1A being appeinted 'to him, with.an Army of twelye thouſand Footmen, and twq
thouſand and five hundred Horſemen, be took the Sea to go thither. So when he was arrived there,
he brought Cay £4D0c14 again-into the ſubjetion obedience of King Ariobarzanes, ac-
cording to his Commiſſion: and Commandment given by the Senate : moreover ,. both there and
elſe-where he took as excellent good order as could be deviſed, in reducing of _ quietneſs
withour Wars. Furthermore, finding that the C111c1ans were grown ſomewhat ſtout and
unruly, by the overthrow the Romans had of the PaxTHIans, and by reaſon of the riſing
and rebellion in, SY&14 , he brought them unto reaſon by gentle perſwaſions : and never recei-
ved Gifts that were ſent him, no not from Kings and Princes. Furthermore ,: he did disburden
the Provinces of the Feafts and Banquets they were wont to make other Governours before
9: þjm. On the other fide alſo ; be would ever have the company of good and Learned-men at his
Table and wou'd uſe them well, without curioſity and exceſs. He never Porter to his Gate,
nor was ſeen by any man in his bed : for he would always riſe at the break of day, and would
walk or ftand before his door. He would courteouſly receive all them that came to ſalute and
viſit him. Further they report of him, that he never cauſed man to be beaten with rods , nor
to tear his own Garments, In /his anger he never reviled' any man , neither did fpitefully fer
Fine upon any mans head. Finding many things alſo ing to. the Commonwealth , which
private men had ftoln and embezeled to their own uſe, be reſtored again unto the Cities, __
_ 4 —NT _ rs. alas
_
T4
—
6 EC-ER 0, 725
they grew, very richand weakky : and yet did fave their honour and credit that. had taken ther.
ioien no other; urs, hut onely. cankrained them to, reſtore that which was the Come; A
monwealths, He made 2 lixle Wax alſo and, drave _ Thieves thas keps abou the Mounsy 1,1, +
rain Arann, for the which, (exploit his 'Souldiers, called bim- Impeyator , to. ſay , chief CapuainaCien enigs,
About that time. there was.an Oratox called Cacj{s$;, who; wrote anto him. from-Roxs, to; pray, mperater,
him to ſend big ſome Leopards: os ' Panthers. our: of S11.1c 1A, hecapie be would ſhew the People ry
ſome paſtime with them.. [Cicero boaſting of his doings, wrere,-z0 him -again,,that there were no.
more Leopards .in $111C14z/ but that they were all fled imo CARA for.anger, that ſeeing all
things quiet'-in; $11.1c14, they had leifure now: to hunt chem... ,So when, he. geturned; towards
Rome, from the of his Government, he. came by RxonEs5,.and Rtayed a- few days as A;
THENS with great delight, to remember how pleaſantly he lived. thexe betore, at what time he:
ſhudicd there. - Thither cawe to him the chicleſt Learned men of ;the Ciry, and hisi$riends. alſo,, with:
whom he was acquainted.ax his firſt being there, In fine, having secewed all the; hogourable tenders;
rainment in GREZc8 that could be, he returned unto Rows, where at his arrival he found gritt:
factions kindled, .the which men ſaw plainly would grow ix: the end to civil, War. Thereupors
the Senate. taving decreed that he ſhould enter in Triumph into the City, he anſwered, that he would
rather: (all | parties agreed): follow Ceſar's Coach in; Triumpb,;.$9. he travelled; very carneſtly be-)
tween Pompey and Ceſar, eftſoons writing. unto Ceſar, and. alſo ſpeaking unto Pompey tharwas —
preſent, ſeeking all the means he could, to-take up the quarrel and miſliking herwixe_ them rwo) © dr
But it was ſa impoſiible a matter, that there was no.ſpeech of agreement would take place.- So Pars! quarre! be-
poy gry pun {aſar was not far from Rows, he durſt no langer abide in Roys,: but fied withy twirt Pompey
divers of the greateſt men in. Roms. (Gcero-would not follow hinz when he, fled; and theretore 924 £4/#r.
rien thought be would take.part with Ceſar : but-this is certain, that he;was in 4 marvellous per«
plexity, and, could-not; eafily. determine what way #0 take; Whereupon, he wrote,in his Epiſtles'y -
What ; way ſhould I take? P had the juſter and honeſter.cauſe:of War, but Czſar canbettes © - ' ©
execute, and provide for and his friends with better (afery 3: ſo that I have.means efioughy.x0; Cicero's words
fly, but none to- whom L might repair. . In1all this ſtir, there,was one of {z/ar's: friends called - Pompey and
Trebatins, which wrote! 2. Letter: unto Cicero, ad told him tharC afar wiſhed him/in any cafeno eſar.
come ro him, and' to. run with himthe hope and fortune he.undetrook:: but-if he: :excufed hinifelf
by his age, that then he ſhould. get him into:/Gr ce , avd:therei to be quies from-them: bocky
elling that {{eſer wrote not to kimhimſclf, aniaiered-in anger, that he. 'would:do:nod .. _- -
he virote ir bis Leviers] -
=—
LY
6 his firſt þ
faulrthen Pompey, becauſe he confelſed
him to- be adm: jeatoufic and fofpiion; 2 » would im rig ibing- at thoſe that
Pompey'spadt; though he had no lift bimſelf'to be merry;:. He would-altb go up and. down
the Carap ———_— bur-yet he woulth-ever have one jeaſtor othis:to'make:men laugh!
akhough | 'as-lude lu: 1 be merry as he!:£agd-ſurely;:ir:thall do/no- hurt-ra:call ſome: of
them i mind in this place;-..Powroins being ,very:Uefireys 10) prefer-2 Gentlemari to» have charge
of men, to recoimmend+ Him, he ſaid, be _ wiſe, and ſober man. , Cicerg
anſwered':: Why doeſt choly: not keep ſhimaken io bring) upthy: Children >{Andcher citale
commended ww Lzs3ra {tar was Maſter of all die Artificers of the Ca
hah hotmably comforred. the RyoDians whenchey: had reotived 2 grew lots bf their Nab 7
” 4: Cheers | ooddy: thing ip:id:voilave.a; Gazcran' Maſter: of Artificers: in ©
the Camp? Whe | 0 joyn'rogeabery \and: thar:{+ſar: had 'inv minter (all che 2d
and-keprirhem - ai ;{Lenexlis told lima ac time; 'thdt het tieard fay, all
. >Why# quorh :f}cine: to hins''aghink doeſt thou
Aartins, coming»lately: dur: of by aun, ſaid. that
gathered'x great: amber” of czen Lf: \VWar:;: and/ hail-atſo prepared 3
great
CICERO
t Navy, he ed Ciceroto take charge of all this Artay, air perraided uno him, having been
C atogave place Sonfull Ne by not onely refuſe it, but alſo told rhem; he would-'meddle 'no- hewih this
ofers ane War But this was enough ro- have made him been ſlain : for the younger Pow mpeyind bis friends
charge vf ce Called hitn Traitor; 'and drew their: Swords upon him to kill him, Ahich they had 'done, had nox
Sed '(atoſtepped berween them and him ; and yet had-he much ado to ſave/him, and to convey him ſafe.
rachium. ty out of the' Camp; / When Cicere came to Baunvus uM, he frayed. there 'a/certain time for
C#ſar's coming,” who'came but flowly, by reaſon of his roubles'he had in As14, andalſoin £.
GY PT, -Howbeit-riews- was brought ar length that Ceſar was artived at TAKE NTuws, and that be
came by Land unto BxuNDus1uM't Cicero departed thence to ' go meer. him, nor miſtrufting that
Et - x her not-pardon him, but rather EI ro come to-his Enemy being a Conqueror,
ſuch 2 number of men as he had about Yet he was not forced to door ipeak any thing
nem _e his calling : for Ceſar-ſeeing-him-coming towards him far before the' reft that came
ed-from his horſe and embraced him, and walked a great way onfootwith him,
ries a wi 'onely; and ever after he did him great honour, and"made much: of him, In-
ſomuch as Cicers/having writter-a/ Book in praiſe of Cato, Ceſar 'on the other ſide wrote another,
and praiſed the El and Life of.Cicero, matching it with the Life of er. and Theramines,
Gicero's Book 'was intituled Cato, and Ceſar's Book called eFnticaro, as much to ſa wo 4 againſt Cato,
. Tbey ſay further, that Quintur Ligarine being accuſed to have been in the Field againſt Ceſar,
. Cicerorook upon him 'to defend his caule : end that Ceſar ſaid unto his friends about him, What hurt
is it for us.to- hear Ceſar ſpeak,/ whom we have not heard of long time? for otherwiſe Ligerius (in
* my opinion) ſtandeth already a condemned man, for I knowhim to be a valiant man,'and mine E-
The force of nemy. Bur when Cicero had begun his Oration, he moved - Caſar marvelloully, he had ſo ſweet
Cicero's Elo- a- grace, and ſuch force in his 'words, that it is reported Ceſar changed colour often, and ſhewed
uence, howit pjamly by. his countenance, that thete was a marvelious alceration-in all the parts of him, For, in
tered Caſur. the end when the Orator cameto-touch the Battle of ndndakags then was (of av. ſo troubled,
' that his Body. ſhook withall, -and'befides, certain Books he had fell out of his hands, and he was
, driven againft his will to ſet Ligarine at liberty; Afterwards, when the Commonwealth of Roz
' came to be 2! om, Cicero leaving to practiſe any more-jn'the State; he gave himſelf to read
Philoſophy 't0 the! young men that came to heat him : boſe. acceſs: unto: him (becauſe they
wire. the chiefeft of the Nobility in Ros ) he came again to'bear asgrear ſway and. Authority in
1eyo's life un, R@4B 25 ever be/had done before; His ſtudy and endeavour was, to: write matters of —_
{ner Dialogue-wiſe; and: to- tranſlate: out of Greek into Latine', raking pains to bring all the G
| '» words, which-ae proper um Logick and natural Gauſs, imo Latin For he was the fuſt
© maniby. report, that gave Larne unto"'thele Greek words , which are: -praper unto: Phi-
parrene; |bererrhed, X5j . Kenidvos, Aſſenſue.. iy en ng Kemal
» £ To dungss, 6 oe
e
cime-- of iv recreation and Rs .-be w commonly be at ſomeof hi indes inche Comery,
which he had near-wunto THuscuzun, fron whence he would. write unto his frjends,: that he le
7 has re be pear a the Contr; Fain wenty i genien tn
to to be pra mn weary & time
: Hlowiſoever , he came oftentimes to Ro Mes, ohely'to fee: Gyre keep him
-and:- would ever /beithe ny honours decreed was al-
ys: £0: utter ſome: new: matter to-praiſehim and bis doings. As tharwas be ſaid rooching
the Saws of , the which;being:overthown, Caſe commtaded-emilte i>)ienp.o90k
= lo r Con Tad, ther by tharcocane in fting wp of Frmpey'aonues age I
road ' So. Cicer determinetl 40 write all the'\R0.ma xs Hiſtory, and to mit-
nary he eng _ > dds —_—
—_ was purpoſe by.many open.and private'tr
: 'whereo *be bimfelf imfel?-was cauſe of :;the moſt of rhem,
CR ——_— him
_— SEE Treated
wy 10
Cicero warried
a young Mai-
den,
CICERO.
of money, his parents and friends did counſel him to marry this young maiden, notwithſtanding he was
too old for her, becauſe that with her goods he might ſatisfie his creditors. But Antonius ſpeaking of
this marriage of Cicero, in his anſwers and Orations he made againſt the PH1L1P era xs, he doth re»
prove him tor that he pur away his wife, with whom he was grown old ; being merry with him by the
way, for that he had been an idle man, and never went from the ſmoak of his Chimney,nor had been a-
broad in the Wars in any ſervice of his Countrey or Commonwealth, Shortly after that he had mar-
ried his ſecond wife, his daughter died in labour of child, in Lentlas houſe, whoſe ſecond wife ſhe was,
being before married unto Piſo, who was her firſt husband. So the Philoſophers and learned men
came of all fides to comfort him : but he took her death ſo ſorrowtfully, that he put away his ſecond
wife, becauſe he thought ſhe did rejoyce at the death of his daughter; And thus much touching the
ſtate and troubles of his houſe. Now touching the conſpiracy againſt Ceſar, he was not made privy C;ceys nor
to it, although he was one of Brutus greateſt triends, and that it grieved him to ſee things in that ſtate made privy to
they were brought unto, and albeit alſo he wiſhed for the times paſt, as much as any other man dud, ua,
But indeed the conſpirators were afraid of his natufe, that lacked hardineſs : and of his age, the which $99" 5419
often times maketh the ſtouteſt and moſt hardieſt natures faint-hearred and cowardly. Notwith-
ſtanding, the conſpiracy being executed by Brutus and Caſſius, Ceſar's friends being gathered toge-
ther,every man was afraid that the Ciry would again fall into civil wars. And Antonius alſo, who was
Conſul at that time, did aſſemble the Senate, and made ſome ſpeech and motion then to draw things a-
gainunto quietneſs, But Cicero having uſed divers perſwaſions fit for the time, in the end he miov-
ed the Senate to decree (following the example of the ATHEN1AaNs) a generall oblivion of things
done againſt {2ſar, and toaſlign unto Brutus and Caſſins ſome governments of Provinces. How-
beit nothing was concluded : for the people of themſelves were ſorry, whenthey ſaw Ceſar's body
brought through the Market-place. And when Antonius alſo did ſhew them his Gown all bebloodi-
ed; cur, and thruſt through with ſwords, then they were like mad men for anger, and ſought up and
down the Market-place if they could meet with any of them that had (lain him : and taking firebrands
in their hands, they ran to their houſes to ſer them on fire, But the conſpirators having prevented
this danger, ſaved themſelves : and fearing that if they tarried at Rome, they ſhould have many
ſuch alarms , they forſook the City. Tiitn «Antonius began to look aloft, and became fearfull
to all men, as though he meant ro make himſelf King : bur yet moſt of all unto Cicero above all 0- prijqae grudge
thers. For Antonius perceiving that Cicero began againto encreale in credit and authority, and know- berwixt Anto-
ing that he was Brutxs very friend, he did millike to ſee him come near him ; and beſides there was xi#s and Cicero
at that time ſome jealouſie betwixt them, for the diverſity and difference of their manners and diſpo-
firions. Cicero being afraid of this, was firſt ofall in mind to go with Dolabella to his Province of Sy-
RIA, as one ofqhis Lieutenants, Bur they that were appoiW@ed to be Conſuls the next year follow-
ing after Antonins, two noble Citizens, and Cicero's great friends, Hircixs and Panſa, they entreat-
bim not to forſake them, underſtanding that they would pluck down this over-great power of
Antonixs, ſo he would remain with them. Bur Cicero, neither believing nor alrogether miſtruſting
them, forſvok Dolabelia, and promiſed Hircius and Panſa, that he would ſpend the Summer ar
ATHENS, and that he would return again toRome ſo ſoon as they wereentred into their Conſul-
ſhip. Wah this determination Cicero took the ſea alone, to go into GrEtcs, But as it chanceth Cleers fallerts
ofren times, there was ſome let that kept him he could not fail, and news came to him daily from jaco Greece.
Roms (as the manner is) that eAntonizs was wonderfully changed, and that now he did nothin |
any more without the authority and conſent of the Senate, and that there lacked nothing bur his per-
ſon to make all things well, Then Cicero condemning his daſtardly fear, returned forthwith to Roms,
not being deceived in his firſt hope. For there came ſuch a number of people out to meet him, that
he could do nothing all day long but take them by the hands, and embrace them, who to honour
him, came to meet him at the Gate of the City, as alſo by the way to bring him to his houſe. The
Next morning entonixs afſembled the Senate, and called for Cicero by name. Cicero refuſed togo,
and kept his bed, faining that he was weary with his journey and pains he had taken the day before :
but indeed the cauſe why he went not, was, for fear and ſuſpition of an ambuſh that was laid .for him
by the way, if he had gone, as he was informed by one of his very good friends. Antonius was
marvellouſly offended that they did wrongfully accuſe him, for laying any ambuſh for him : and
therefore ſent ſouldiers to. his houſe, and commanded them to bring him by force, or elſe to ſer
his houſe on fire : After that time , Cicero and he were always at jar, but yer coldly enough, 11 will berwix:
one of them taking heed of another : untill that young (ſar returning from the City of Ayo 1- ©/*79and Ane
LONIA, came as lawfull heir unto Fulixs Ceſar Dictator, and had contention with Antonia for the
ſum of two thouſand and five hundred Myriades , the which Antoni kept in his hands of his ,. oy
fathers goods. Thereupon Philip who had married the mother of this young (Ceſar, and Marcel- arc Caſes
izs who had alſo married his ſiſter, went with young Ceſar unto Cicero, and there agreed toge- joyned in
ther, that Cicero ſhould help young Ceſar with the favour of his authority and eloquence, as friendſhip.
well towards the Senate, as alſo to the people : and that Cſar in recompence of his good will thould
ſtand by Cicero, with his money and ſouldiers : for this young Ceſar had many of his fathers
Touldiers about him, that had ſerved under him, Now there was another cauſe that made (icero
glad to embrace the friendſhip of this young Car, and that was this, Whileft Pompey and udins ;
Ceſar were alive and in good caſe, Cicero dreamed one night that the Senators ſons were called. into > s dream
the Capitol, becauſe > pt had appointed to ſhew them him that one day ſhould come to be Lord ; + mg
dopred fon of
3d King of Roas, nd that the Romans being deſirous to ſee who it ſhould be, ran all unto the Fulins Caſey.
Qqq Tem-
Ge —_VE
728 CIC EK 0.
Temple: and that all the children likewiſe were waiting there in their goodly garded Gowns of pur.
ple, untill chat ſuddenly the doors of the Temple were open', and then that all the children aroſe '6ne
after another, and went and paſſed by the image of Jupiter, who looked upon them all, and ſent them
away diſcontented, ſaving this young (ſar, unto whom he pur forth his hand as he paſſed by, and
faid : My Lords of Row, this childs he that ſhall end all your civil wars, when he cometh to be
Lord of Rome. Some ſay, that Cicero had this viſion in his dream, and that he carried in good me-
mory the look of this child, howbeit that he knew him not ; and thar' the next morning he went of
purpoſe into the field of Mars, where theſe young boys did exerciſe themſelves , who, when he
came thither, had broken up from playing, and were going home and that amongſt them he firſt
ſaw him whom he had dreamed of, and knew him very well, and muſing at him the more, asked him
Ofzvius and whoſe ſon he was. The boy anſwered, that he was the ſon of one Ottavixs (a man otherwiſe of no
_— c _ great calling) and of Accia, the ſiſter of Julius Ceſar : who having no child, he made him his heir
by his laſt will and teſtament,and left him all his wn goods. After that time, it is reported,that Cj.
vius Caſar.
Ofavius Caſar cero wasvery glad to ipeak to him when he mer wit{Fhim, and that the boy alſo liked C:cero's friend-.
was born inthe ſhip,and making much of him : for by good hap the boy was born the ſame year that Cicero was Con-
{09+ wag ”s ſul. Andtheſe be the reaſons alledged, why Cicero did favour this young Ceſar. Bur in truth, firſt of
" allthe greatmalice he bare unto Antonins, and ſecondly his naturethat was ambitious of bonour,were
(in my opinion) the chiefeſt cauſes why he became young (eſar's friend : knowing that the force and
power of his ſouldiers would greatly ſtrengthen his authority and countenance in managing the af.
fairs of the ſtate ; beſides that the young man could flatter him ſo well, that he called him tather, But
Brutus being offended with him tor it, in his Epiſtles he wrote unto eArricxus he ſharply reproveth
Cicero, ſaying, that for fear of Antonius he flattered this young Ceſar : whereby it appeared, he did
not ſo much ſeek for the liberty of Rome, ashe did procure himſelf a loving and gentle maſter, This
notwithſtanding Brutxs brought with him C:cero's ſon that ſtudied Philoſophy at ATHE ns ,and gaye
him charge of men under him , and employed him in great affairs, wherein he ſhewed lnmſelf
Cicero's great very forward and valiant. Now Ccero 's authority and power grew _ to be as great in Rowe,
power at Rome. as ever it was before, For he did what he thought good, and ſo vexed Antonizes, that he drave bim
out of the City, and ſentthe two Conſuls Hircims and Panſa againſt him, to fight with him: and
cauſed the Senate alſo to decree, that young Ceſar ſhould have Sergeants to carry Rods and Axes
before him, and all other furniture for a Prztor, as a man that fighteth for his Countrey. After that
eAntonius had loſt the battle, and that both the Conſuls were ſlain, both the Armies came unto
Ceſar. The Senate then being afraid of this young man that had ſo great good fortune, they praQti-
ſed by honours and gifts to call the Armies from him, which he had about him, and ſo ro miniſh the
greatneſs of his power : ſaying , that (Mir Countrey now ſtood innoneed of forcenor fear of de.
Ofeviue Caſar tence, fith her enemy eAntronius was fledand gone, Ceſar fearing this, ſent men ſecretly unto Ci-
- ſueth to be © Cero, to pray himto procure that they two together might be choſen Conſuls, and that when they
Conſul, ſhould be in office, he ſhould do and appoint what he thought good, having the young man at his com-
Y mandment, who deſired no more but the honour onely of the name. Ceſar himſelf confeſſed af-
terwards, that being afraid he ſhould have been utterly caſt away, to have been left alone he finely
ſerved his turn by (zcero's ambition, having perſwaded- him to require the Conſulſhip through the
help and aſliſtance chat he would give him. Bur there was Cicero finely colted, as old as he was, by
a young man, when he was contented to ſue for the Conſulſhip in his behalf, and to make the Se-
nate agreeableto it : wherefore his friends preſently reproved him for it, and ſhortly after he per-
ceived he had undone himſelf, and together alſo loft the liberty of his Countrey. For this young
man Oftavins («ſar being grown to be very great by his means and procurement, when he ſaw
Ofavizs Ceſar that he had the Conſulſhip upon him, he forſook- Cicero, and agreed with Antonius and Lepidia,
; forſaketh Ci= Then joyning his Army with theirs, he divided the Empire of Roms with them, as if it had been
——\- lands left in common between them : and beſides that, there was a bill made of two hundred men and
kleneſs of upwards; whom they had appointed to be ſlain, But the greateſt difficulty and difference that fell our
ourh. between them, was about the out-lawing of Cicero, For eAntonizs would hearken to no peace be-
The meeting tween them, unleſs Cicero were ſlain of all ; Lepidxs was alſo in the ſame mind with Anro-
of the . 1rium- 2:;4,, . but Ceſar was againſt them both, Their meeting was by the City of BoLoN1a, where chey
Lens _ , continued three days together , they three onely ſecretly conſulting in a place environed about
vis Ceſar, With 2 little River. Some fay that (ſar ftuck hard with Cicero the two firſt days, but at the third
Cicero appoine... that he yielded and forſook him, The exchange they agreed upon between them, was this, Ceſar
ed to be ſlain. forſook (Fcero : Lepidus, his own brother Paxlus : and Antonius, Lucius (ſar his Uncle by the
mothers fide. Such place took wrath in them, as they regarded no kindred nor blood : and to ſpeak
more properly, they ſhewed that no brute or ſavage is ſo cruel as man, if with his licentiouſneſs
he have liberty to execute his wil}, While theſe matters were a brewing, Cicero was at a houſe of his
m the Countrey, _ City of Tyus cuLum, having at home with him alſo his brother ©. Cicero.
News being brought them. ghither of theſe proſcriptions of out-lawries, appointing men to be ſlain,
determined to go to ASTYRA , a place by the ſea fide where Cicero had another houſe,
there to' take ſea, and from thence to go into Mactpon unto Brurws, 'For there ran a rumor
that Brutus was very ftrong, and had a great power. So they cauſed themſelyes to be conveyed
thither in two Litters, both of them being ſo weak with ſorrow and grief, that they could not
otherwiſe have gone their ways, As rhey were on their way , both'the Litters going as near to
each other as they could, they bewailed their miſerable eſtate : but Qzinrw chiefly, who rook it _
X | grievoully,
*Q
_—
_—
#7; 4 C I C-E R 0.
grxvoully. For, remembring that he took no money with him when he came from his bouſe, and thar'
{acer his brother alſo bad yery lictle for himſelf, he thought it beſt that Cicero ſhould hold on his
journey, whileſt he himſelf made an errand home to fetch ſuch things as he lacked, and ſo to make
haſte again to overtake his brother. They both chought: it beſt ſo, and then tenderly embracing one
another, the tears falling from their eyes, they took leave of each other, Within few days after,-
Quintas Cicero being betrayed by his own ſervants, unto them that made ſearch for him, he was
cruelly (lain, and his ſon with him. But Mares Tullizs Cicero being called into AsT YRA, and there Quintus Cicero
finding a ſhip ready, imbarked immediately, and failed along the coaſt unto Mount Circe, having a lain,
260d. gale of wind. There the Mariners determining forthwith to make ſail again, he came aſhore,
either for fear of the ſea, or for that he had ſome hope that C'eſar had not altogether forſaken him :
and therewithall returning towards Roms by land, he had gone abour an hundred furlongs thence,
But then being at a ſtraight how to reſolve, and - ſuddenly changing his mind, he would needs be car-
ried back again to the ſea, where he continued all night marvellous ſorrowtull, and full of thoughts.
For one while he was in the mind to go ſecretly unto Ottavin: Ceſar's houſe, and to-kill bimſelt by
the hearth of his Chimney, to make the furies of hell to revenge his blood : but being afraid to be
intercepted by the way, and cruelly handled, he returned from that determination, Then falling
into other unadviſed dererminarions, being perplexed as he was, he put himſelf again irito his ſer-
vants hands, to be conveyed by ſea unto another place called * Cay1TEts, There he had a very + game 4 read
proper pleaſant Summer houſe, where the North winds , called Zteſie, do give a trim freſh air Caiers,
in the Summer ſeaſon. In that place alſo there is a lictle-Temple dedicated.unto «polls, not fat from
the ſea ſide: From thence there came a great ſhole, of Crows, making a marvellous noiſe, that
came flying toward Cicero's ſhip, which rowed upon the ſhore. This ſhole of Crows came and light-
ed upon the yard of their. ſail, ſome crying, and ſome pecking the cords with their bills : ſo that
every man judged ſtraight, that this was a gn of yl. luck at hand. Cicero notwithſtanding this, * __
came aſhore, and went into his houſe ; and laid hifn down to fee if he could ſleep. Bur the fiat vn”
moſt part 'of theſe Crows came and lighted upon the.Chamber; window where he lay , making a Crows -
wonderfull great noiſe : and ſomie-df them got unto Cicero's bed where he lay, the cloaths being caſt Cicero.
over his head, and they never left him, till by little and little they had with their bills plucke off the
cloathes that covered his face. His men ſeeing that, and ſaying to themſelves that they were too
vile beaſts, if they would tarry to ſee their maſter ſlain betore their eyes (conſidering that bruit
beaſts had care to ſave his life, ſeeing him ſo unworthily entreated) and that they ſhould nordo the
beſt they could to ſave his life : partly by entreaty, .and partly by force, they put him again into his
Litter to carry him to the.ſea, But in the meantime came the murtherers appointed to kill him. Zeren-
7:4 2 Centurion, and Pops/1545 Lena, Triburie of the ſouldiers (to wit, Colonell of a thouſand men,
whoſe cauſe Cigers bad once pleaded before the Judges, when he was accuſed for the murther of his Herennizs and
own father) having ſouldiers attending upon them. So Cicero's gate being ſhut, they entred the 7 opilins ſentro
houſe by force, ©, miſſing him, they. asked them of the houſe what was become of him. They an» -——
Twered they could not tell, Howbeit, there was a young boy in the houſe called Philologws, a ſlave *
enfranchiſed by Quintxs Cicero, whom Tullixs Cicero had brought up in the Latine tongue, and had
raught him the liberal Sciences : he,told this Ferennzys that his ſervants carried him in a Litter towards
the ſea, through dark narrow lanes, ſhadowed with wood on either fide, Popi/ius the Colonel taking
ſome ſouldiers with him, ran about on the outſide of the lanes to take him ar fs coming out of them:
and Herennixis onthe other fide entred the lanes. Cicero hearing him coming, commanded his men
to' ſet down his Litter, and taking his beard in his left hand, as his manner was, he ſtoutly looked the
murtherers in the faces, his head and beard being all white, and his face lean and wrinckled, for the _
extreatn ſorrows he had taken : divers of them that were by, held their hands before their” eyes; AM. T. Cicero |
Whilſt Herernxs did cruelly murther him, So Cicero being threeſcore and four years'of age, thruſt lain by Heren:
his neck out of the Litter and had his head cut off by .e Antonius commandment, atid his hands al- ***
I, which wrote the Orations ( called the Philippians ) againft him, *For ſo did {Feers call the O-
rations he wrote againſt him, for the malice he bare him : and they do yet continuethe ſame narne
untill this preſent time. When theſe poor diſmembred members. were brought'ro Rowe, Arrv. _
#ms by chance was buſily occupied at that time about the election of certain Officers ; who-when —_— _
he heard of them and ſaw them, he cryed out aloud, that now all his Outlawries and proſcriptiors Co - *
were executed : and thereupon. commanded his head and his hands ſhould ſtraight' be ſetup over tht Pulpit for Ora-
Pulpit for Orations, in the plaee called Roftra. This was a fearfull and horrible” fight unto-thie tions.
RomaANs, who thought they ſaw not Cicero's face, but an image of eAntoning life and difpoſi- ans ws.
xion : whe anion. fo many wicked deeds as he committed , yer he 'did one” A& ohely 'thar bad (yen raken by
ſome ſhew of '$00dneſs , which was this. He delivered Ph:lologus into the hands vf- Pomponia', Pomponia
the wife of DOninuas Cicero: and when ſhe had him, beſides all other cruell tormentsſhe made hirh (Quin Cice-
abide , ſhe compelled him to cut his own fleſh off by. little morſels, and to''broil them ,' and 75 wifes of
then to eat them, ' Some Hiſtoriographers do thus. report it : but ' Tyro who wis a'{lave infranchi- onar pr
ſed by Cicejp, made no mention of the treafon of this Philologss, Howbeit Tunderftind that Ce tis-mad2r.
Ja eAugy ut lotig rime after that, went one day 'to ſee one of his Nephews, who had a book in his #twguſtus Ce-
hand of Cicero's;' and he fearing left his Uncle would be angry to find that book in- his hands, thought {-"eſtimory
to hide it under his Gown, C#ſer ſaw it, and took it from him, and read the moſt part of ir ſtands 2? £2970.
ing, and then delivered it to the young boy, and -faid unto him { He was a wiſe man indeed, ty Cgnjut with
culd, and loved his Countrey with. After he had ſlain eAntonins, being Conſul, he made G_ Auguſtus Ce(ax
"Qqqz on
w_—_
yl
Pa
7 DEMOSTHENES and CICERO. ©
ſon his colleague and fellow Conſull with him, in whoſe time the Senate ordained that images if
Antonius ſhould bethrown down, and deprived his memory of all other honours : adding? further -
to this decree, that from thenceforth none of the houſe and family of the Antoni ſhould ever after bear
the name of eAfarcus. So Gods juſtice made the extream revenge and puniſhment of Antonius to fall
into the houſe of Cicero. '
The end of Marcus Tullius Cicero's Life.
THE COMPARISON OF
\\
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—
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p \\ J AC | wh ff V
. | OP Q = fm" We \ mx PS C
MN I>—<S = MIN NAV" þ I ITRIERE WK
S His is as much as we could gather by our knowledge touching the notable AQ:
* and Deeds worthy of memory, written of Cicero and Demoſthenes. Further-
2 more, leaving the compariſon afide of the difference of their eloquence in their
=. Orations, methinks I may ſay thus much of them'; That Demoſthenes did whol-
SAL ly cmploy all his wit and-learning (natural or artificial) unto the Art of Rhe-
-/ SR corick ; and that in force and vertue of eloquence he did excell all the Orators
== _JSSE in his time : and for gravity and magnificent file, all thoſe that onely write for
ONT FS ſhew or oſtentation : and for ſharpneſs and Art, all the Sophiſters, and Maſters
of Rhetorick. And that Cicero was a man generally learned in all Sciences, and that had ſtudied divers
books as appeareth plainly by the ſundry books of Philoſophy of his own making, written after the
manner of the Academick Philoſophers. Furthermore, they may ſee in his Orations he wrote in certain
cauſesto ſerve him when he pleaded, that he ſought occaſions in wn ny to ſhew men that he was ex-
Cicero's rar© cellently well learned. Furthermore, by their phraſes a man may dilcern ſome ſpark of their manners
= diversdo> nd conditions. For Demoſthenes phraſe hath no manner of fineneſs, jeſts, nor grace init, but is altoge-
Demoſthenes ther grave and harſh , andnot onely ſmelleth of the lamp, as Pyrhias ſaid when he mocked him, bu
and Cicero's ſheweth a great drinker of water, extream pains, and therewith alſo a ſharp and ſowre nature, But
manners. Cicero oftentimes fell from pleaſant raunts unto plain ſcurrility, and turning all his pleadings of matters
of importance to ſport and laughter, having a grace in it, many times he did forget the comelineſsthat
became a man of his calling. As inhis Oration for Celixs, where he ſaith, It isno marvel ifin ſo
abundance of wealth and he gave himſelf a little to take bis pleaſure : and that it was a folly
not to uſe pleaſures lawfull and tolerable, ſich the famouſeſt Philoſophers that ever were did place the
chief felicity of man, to be in pleaſure, And it is reported alſo that arcs (to having accuſed Mure-
24, Cicero being Conſul, defended his cauſe, and in his Oration pleaſantly girded all the ſe of the
Stoick Philoſophers for Cato's ſake, for the e opinions they held, which they call Paradoxes : in
' ſo muchas hemade all the people and Judges allo fall on laughing a good. And Cato bimſelfalſo ſmi-
ling a little,ſaid unto them that (ate by him : Whar a laughi mocking Conſul have we,my Lords?
But letting that paſs, ir ſeemeth that Cicero was of a pleaſantand merry nature : for his face ſhewed ever
great life and mirth in it. . Whereas in Demoſthenes countenance on the other ſide, jb diſcern
CUE LA marvellous diligence and care, and a penſive man, never weary with. pain: inſomuch is enemies
modelt inprai. (5 Þ* reportab himſelf) called him a peryerſe and froward man. Farthermore, in their writings is dif-
ſing of himleif; cerned, that the one ſpeaketh modeſtly in his own, praiſe, ſo as no man can juſtly be offended with him :
Cicero too full and yet not always, but when neceffiry enforceth him for ſome matter of great importance, but other-
of oſtenrarion. wiſe yery diſcreet, and modeſt to ſpeak of himſelf, Cicero incontrary manner, r00 ofren repe-
tition of one ſelf thing in all his Orations, ſhewed an.extream ambition of glory, when inceſſantly he
cryed out : Let fpear and ſheild give place to Gown, y
| e
7
And give the tongue the Lawrel Crown.”
_ MM \
LY
DEMOSTHENES and CICERO.
7
Yet furchermore, he did nor onely praiſe his own as and deeds, but the Orations a'ſo which he had :
written or pleaded, as if he ſþgulg any (4 againſ ſocrates, or eAnaximenes a maſter that
taught Rhetorick, and not to /Ro;about £@ reÞrM the pegle EROME :
which were both fierce and ſtout in Arms ;,
And fit to work their enemies harms. =
For, asit is requiſite forthe gojernour bes Contnonyeealth\gh ſeek unlOriy by his eloquence : fo,
ro covet the praiſe of his own glorious rogue, or as it were to beg it, that ſheweth a baſe mind. And
therefore in this point we muſt confeſs that Demoſthenes is far graver, and of a nobler mind, who de-
clared himſelf, that all his eloquence Q"R« mw pypeniepyhc which alſo required the favour of
his auditory : and further, he thougly tkFI30P16 nc gn fas indeed they be no leſs) that there-
fore would make any bgaſt of themie . Shilike, that both of them had great cre-
dit and authority in tFIF Urane & forthe edble, androgens MAPA Wuld propound : inſo- Demoſthenes
much as Captains, r 1 necc Fir Goquence. As C bares, 3nd Cicero's
Deoput d Octevs their Orations
; ITE Gari |. ST
* PREG
WY vanes LAG
rene s ©
ec forw: :
' ng , bp Cyetrg opts *7 r {id
| nn A,/iN
prajps ng © overnou whom they {W1Ao govern | x Faovincs,
d&did violently tikeahingsty force; at wha
ed.no_ ſhame, biÞagtte adle it diſcreetly, he was the better off and be
-
b'aiman
0b.
® £
| : fogÞþe was of
I
#
. 4
recko : or it: ) he
ſhewed plainly that hþ r&gavc
wy tg: CPs wan. _— the r&&Jhon and-contyjiricy of Gacilie ed P!
authority over all th1 the'r on y laze, he prov ato's pro-
phecy _ which was ; That Cities pry lfe Joes gr, whey the chief Magiſtrates and Governours
(by {ome good divine fortune) do gave | Eaithafive. Demoſthenes was reproved for his
corruption, and ſelling of his eloqu retly-he-wtote one Oration for Phormio, and a-
nother in the ſelf ſame matter for Apollodorus ; they being both adverſaries, Further, he was defamed
alſo for receiving.money of the King of PER$14, and therewithall condemned for the money which he
had taken'of Harpalus. And though ſome peradventure would object, that the reports thereof (which
are many) do lie ; = they cannot poſſibly deny this, that Demoſthenes had no power to refrain from
Jooking onthe preſents which divers Kinggdid offer M0, xaying bim zo-accept them in good part for
their ſakes.; neither was that the part of a man, thatdi he | 7
0
. | : plury by trafficKon the ſea, the extreameſt
yet of all other. | In contrary manner (as wt have ſaid before) it $<certain that Cicero being Treaſurer,
'CAaPPADOCIA offered him whilſt he was Pro-conſul in, C1c1114, and -thoſe eſpecially' which his
friends preſſed upon him to take of them, being a great ſum of money, when he went as baniſhed man
out of Raxs.. Furthermore, the baniſhment of the one was infamous to him, becayſe by judgment he
was baniſhey 23S a thief: The baniſhment of the other waz for as honourahlean a& asever he did, being
baniſhed. for ridding his Countrey of wicked men. And therefore of Demoſthenes, there was no ſpeech
.after he was gone : but for Czcero, all the Senate changed their apparel into black, and determined that
.they m——_ pals no decree by their authority, before C:cero's baniſhment was revoked by the People.
Indeed Ciceroidly paſſed his time of baniſhment, and did nothing all the while he was in Ma czpo0 x :
and one of the chieteſt a&ts:that Demoſthenes did, in all the time that he dealt in the affairs of the Com-
.monwealth, was.in his baniſhment. Fox he went into eyery City, and'did afſiſt the Ambaſſador of the
GRrEcIANs, and refuſed the Ambaſſadors of the MACcEDoNia ns,” In the which be ſhewed himſelf
a better Citizen, then euher 7hemiſtocles, or Alcibiades, in their fortune and exile. 'Sp when he was
called home, and returned, he fell again to his old trade which he practiſed before, and was ever againſt
hefare till ſaid nothing, , when that Oftavins Ceſar the young man made petition againſt the law,
that he t ſue for the Conſulſhip, being ſo young, that he had nevet a hair on his face. And Bru-
$6 himſelf alſo doth greatly reprove Cicero in his Letters, for that he had maincained and nouriſhed a
more grievous and greater Tyranny, then that which they had put down. And laft of all, methinketh
the Cicero molt pititull, to ſee an old man carried up and down (with tender love of his ſer-
_yants):ſecking all the ways that might be to fly death, which did nor long prevent his natural courſe :
nd, old as he was, to ſee his head ſo pirifully cur off, Whereas Demoſthenes, rhough he
| little, entreating him that came to take him : yet for that he had prepared the poyſon long be-
-JOTe, {1 had kept it long, and alſo uſed it as he did, be cannot bur be marvellouſly commended for
ut. Far, uU rapes V eptune denied him the benefir of his ſanRuary, the berook him to a greatery and
that Ron ny : whereby he ſaved himſelf out of the ſouldiers bands of the Tyrant, and alſo ſcorned
the bloody cruelty of Antipater, |
Qqqz THE
nence from mo.
ed not. mongy7and gre fro poo Fis courteſie and goodneſs. ney.
exced ConſoFyname, buy DiRacor indetd, alaving abſolute power and
Demoſthenes a
money taker.
refuſed the gifts whichthe! $1c11.14N $, offered him there ; 'and the preſents alſo which the King of
Divers cauſes
of the baniſh-
ment of Demoſ-
thenes and Ci+
cer.
. Antipater,and the MacEno nians, Where Lelins,in open Senate ſharply took up Cicero, for that |
The difference
berwixe De-
moſthenes and
Cicero's death.
—— - 19 *x F -:
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gree and differ,” 5504 vel book Fora The Sehics retnive indif
UESNS $2 | nd og road on and jojo, ger rape black, ſweer and ſowre,
Ne | foft v, hatd : fdr their office is 'gfiely to, :#mjr their ſeveral objeRs, and to
arty ant feterthe judgetnenr therebk ro the common Tenſe, © Bur "Arts being the
| | perfeion'of Reaſon, Teve and allow thoſe thmjzs' ay echls oor their
—_ =_ "operation, regai rdlig 4hd Nays | 'the contrarits , andfor
: ie : the other by way, and with OY t6 av6il then). 'S > yn Difeaſes,'Mufick with
Diſcords, tothcend t6 reitioye thety, and Work their conr the 'great Ladies of all other
| Arts, Temperance, Juſtice, ard! Ve dd not onely. corifider bt, rc uprigfitnefs, #1 profir :
© but examine withall, the” nab "and ef of levels, one on . Ant mnocency,
which vaunteth her want '6f tec Fee: in Tok raiſes, arofogges 7 and ignorance of things
- that be nece we heel, g00d to doi VU Tchr LxacspzMONtANns in their
1he manner of ſolemn feaſts, forced their thorns Ne Siaeh, 'to 'overtharge themſelves with Wine'; and fuch
the Spartans to. they ſhewed thei urito tharys thei ra beaRlintls of _— then, to work in them
make _{ an abhorring ſo loathſome. y VI in Wa Gere nk 1 cangor-much -praife them for —_—
ayes crun®. "wiſdom, that"corrupt and Ni one man, by EZ of tiim, to corre& and retliim'ano
yet (as I hope). jt ſhall not tbe honey TN if ao the reſt I purirrone or: tro *pajr of ſuch,
as living in great place and ac ; Now che the with infathy, - Which jti titth, 1do
. Not, to pleaſe ang draw,on the variety of erp hs but as Iþ Nr the THY's 1 Maſici
an ſhewed his Scholars, both ws ane hp Rate a d fink bak, fot Lopteny 3 fr vm Ar
The cauſe of * wit Do not ſo;: Ft or renidas ch6ught ye Thould he $teat deſfte C0!
deſcribing the ng djicerned untupable totes : ſo thinkT, DA
lives of the ; We. know Wb nives, and kerihe en of't
wicked.
_ of vere; Fob DE = = | [ou |
6; 40Tp he toukle r Aiyes, in
arid lofing
wb - Sons 'by tis wife 'Seratontce,, the daughter-of- (Ir%eads,:the one of |
end uhe ue Philip after-uis Enbers hum. Thus far theombſt Rare does, hah emer enemas Pa
pinion, that Demerrius wiknot the Sat of!£xfrrigokur;; tur bis Nephew, Bur becauſe his father A
died leaving ihim Fl child, arid har hismorher wis ftraaght:aarried 'again.anto Antigonau, thereupon
exjne the reporrahat he was! /Amrog anus fois; [Howſoever, was, . Phulip, that was not much younger
chen Demevringydied. Nowtor Demerriu though he wasanery big man, he was nothing ſo high as
his father, hin! yer fo pallingand: wonderfyll.fait, rhat no-/Paibter could. poflibly draw- his- picture The death of
and counterfeit to his- likenels, Forthey- ſaw: a: ſweet countenance, mixed: with a kind of gravity in FOR _
his- face; wrew/with counceliey: and incompirable Princely/ Majeſty. accompanied with a lively Fri ya Hh
and youth3/and his wit and: manners were ſuch, that they wete-both fearfull; and pleaſant unto men 7" ,
thar frequentd/bim. | Fop1as he was moſt pleafarx in compaiy having leiſure, and moſt givento ban- neiving
querting; pleaſant life, and:inore wantonly given to follow:huſt and pleaſure, then any King that e _
fer was: fo wis' be always very carcfull and diligent in diſpatching matters of importance. And voce
therefore"tie marvellouſly tommended, and alſo endeavourcd tofollow Deenyſsus (as much 10 ſay, as |
Bacchu)- above al}the ocher gods, as he tharhad been aiſle and. valiant Captain in war, and that
in peacerinvieted and uſed all the pleaſure tha might be. He marvellouſly loved and reverenced his
farher, and it feemerh tharthe durifulneſs. be-ſhewed unto his mother, was more to diſcharge the due Demetri
dbedience and duty of aſon; then otherwiſe-co entertain his- father , : for fear of his! power, or — -—7 og
hope to be his-heir. Andrfor proof herevf- we read, that one day as he came home from buntin ;
he 'went unt6 his father 44 nrogonus, giving audience to certain Ambaſſadors ; and after he had +
his: dury'to him,- and- kiſſed him, be fate down'by him even.as he-came from bunting, having his darts
iy hishand;” which be carried our a hunting with him, Thet Antigens calling che Ambaſſadors aloud
#5 they were" their way,” having zeceived their anſwer : My Leek, ſaid he, you ſhall carry home this
feport bf ine} fon and me,” be witneſſes 1 pray you, bow we live one with another. As meaning to
thereby that the agreement betwixt: the father andthe: fon together, is a great ſafery to the
airs of a King, as alſo-w'mabifeſt proof of his greatneſs :.{o jealous is a King to have a compani- A King can a
on, beſides rhe liate and 'miſteuft ir ſhould. breed. - So that. 1he greateſt Prince and moſt tnciaind of bide >. oma
M1 the ſucceſſors of eAlexaxder, boaſted; that he .ſtood not in fear of his {on, but did ſutfer din
by bir; having a dart in his hand, S«: was: this houſe onely of all other the prresrhomaty
Kings, leaft >defiled with ſyck vitlany, mary:ſacteflions after.: and to confeſs a troth, in all 4rigon
rice there ws not one but Philip onely, that flew his own Son.: But we may have many chan of The ſport of
Uiyers otter houſes of Kings, thar have purtheir-ſons, wives, and mothers to death : and for their '** aft Kings
| at 2 : and for their S
brethren, it was att ordinarything with them voy kill them, and never ſtuck at it. For like as Geome 6 amy
rticians would have men-grant! chem certain-propoficions which they ſuppoſe, without proof: even \ ro
fo was ths'dvlden for a general rule, ro kilktheir-dretheen;for the ſafery-of their eſtate Bur fur «eg —_
_ 40 thew youmore plainity that Demerremns was of a noble and courteous nature, and thar G Demetrius
2 lygorhis Friends, wemay alledge thisexample. e2fithridates the fon of Ariobarzanes, wis <***<hie.
tis farihiar” friend'and companion (for they were both in manner of an age) and he commonly fol-
towed Antig 94 "Court, and never practiſed r_ or.treaſon to him, neither was hetho he
Toch a'than'; yer Amrigonins did ſomewhar: ſuſpect him, becauſe of a dream-hehad, Hochoighs us
being # UF, par Irer get ſcrapings of gold, and that of that feed, firit of all £29"
Came up goodly wheat which: had eats of:gold 1 howbeir- ſhortly after: returning ther. way anata,
He found-norhing but-che ſtraw, and the ears of the wheat. cur off, and that ' he being very _ Ku
yin: fonetoldhim, that Merbridazes trad cut off theſe golden and had carried re 4 with
_ rt Pot. . Anigonu being! marvetloully trou waith: this dream, after he
made his ſon "fwenr unto: him that he would. makeno-man alive privy to that be would tell him
Herold hiri*dll his: dream what he-had dreamed, and therewith: rhat' he was determined 10 put this
ig tun Jpn ee to den; Demetrizs was maryeljoully forry for aty-and: therefore the next
ie » (8t y ng noble! Pririce going ashe was wont;'to pals the time away with Afirbridates, be
tnot by word'6 our urer-that he kriew; "becauſe ef 'his-oath : howben, raking him afide from
1 _ Fitts hen "they were both k &-by themſelves, he wrote on the ground- with the
_ Mithridates looking onh +'Bly Mithridatt;. Mithridates found ſtraighr what he Demetrius (a
Team, f thevery fame night mo CAP PAD CIA : and ſhortly after-it was bis deſtiny to fulfill ved Mithrids-
Sts rages lv.” For he conquerei many goodly Countries, and it was he onely that eftabliſhed © life.
F _ Bhs Tagen of 'PoxT , the which the Romans afterwards overthrew, about the —m_= pt
eight ſucceſſion I. By theſe extmples we'may-eafily conjeQure:the good nature and courtefie of Deme- To oy
7K... For like ss the Elements (according r6-Empedocles opinion) are ever at -* ftrife together, but fad, har be
pecially thoſe thatare neareſt each to other: even ſo, though ll the ſucceſſors of ork n Were at and diſcord
continual 'Wars'rogether, yet wes it ſooneſt kindled, and moſt -cruell-berween them which bordered were ever the
mearcſt unt _ and thar'by being hear neighbours had alwaies 06 efocienx conſes
| 26 ls thar'dy bemg H abwaies -pctaſion of brawl rogether, f ;
| | 3g0n «FAS 001144 |
e rH bon? © © prrmr—nn gonw aridl Protomy.” This Antigenus lay moſt commonly in the and para
AW ving intelligence that Proſomy was goneinto Cy pRUs, and thathe of *llchings.
Enmity be-
rwixt Antigo-
" -
Rt Tr te ky ee ole: Geng ern be nd em ear fog; wn
um, be Tent ps" xfr545 thither, being 2t that rime bur two-and- twenty years of age ;- and
"It 'was yet 7h tngethar eyer he" took charge; 'as General t0/his-father, in wh of ont Impoe- ——_—
ance. og Lhe man, and rharhall no skill of Wars, fighting a bactle with an old foul- neralto Anti
Tier (rained'vp "of Wars under eAfexandeyahe- Great, and that through him, and £7775 38%
-n Prolomy.
—_ P > To, 'D has 6 * PER
=_ D E MWE\T\RT UW &
© in hisnankd, thadfoughtiminy grear buckes) 335 foomruerihrown, andbia-Army put toHlight,
Dovnzirlas br the City.6f4G ak CE Ee nd ere: five thouſand men;:and almpft eight ron
was agroegt ſand raken : and beſides, Demetrius loſt hisvTents an&Pavikiohs, 'hisgoldand-(ilver, and t6; be ſhort,
y Pto- . os io thi is fri F
_ all his: whole. carriage.” - But Prolomy:ſent:him all -bis thibgs againg/laddbjs friends/al youu Were
tor allthings
the;
The bountiful- taken afrer>the bantle , with, great - coumeous words: tharhe would not-fightwith; them
neſs of Prolomy together, but onely for: honour and” Empire, - Demerrn receiving thimathis hands, beſought
OE, gods that he might not long live'a debtov:uno Rrolomiyifor his/ greapeoiurteſie, \but ahar he mighy
conquered. "* quickly requite it with the like again.” -Now. Demerriuz.ropki not! thisowerthrow like: a-young man
- 3 4» 1 though it was his firſt fouldier-fare'tþu' like-ani61d|and qrile» Captain that bad abidden many over-
' * throws; he\uſed great diligence to gathep men again,/10! make new #rnbours, and '10:keep the Ci.
ties and Countries in his hands under [obedicncey and did /train- andr/txerade his. ſauldiors, in arms,
whom: he: had gathered together. 4: | baying/ Neves of the-ovembtaw of his: ſon Demetrius,
ſaid no-more, but that Prolomy had oyebcome beardleſs min = andithat afterwards- be: ſhould fight
with bearded men, But now, becauſe lie-would not diſcduragehis fan-atogether, who craved leap
once againto fight a battle with Prolomy, he-granted him. |: So, thotuly aftkr came Collesy ; Prolomieg
Generall, with a. grearpuiſſant Army. 10 drive him:alcogether ourouf $yiz14 : for they. made; ng
great account of /Lemetrixs, becaule: he: had once-been. overthtowin-before; Howbeit: Demerriag;
Demezrius vi=, ſtole. upog him, gave -him charge 0n-the::ſudden, andamade him: ſb afraid:, that he took both the
Qtory of Proto- Camp and the General, , with ſeven.chouſand. priſoners'befides, :and wani.a 'marvellogs treaſure of
"oe money : which made him a glad man,:nov ſo much.for the gain he ſhould have i by is,! as for the ops
portunity he had thereby to come out 'of:-Prolomy's debr:z nothing; regardingi the. treaſure nor the ho4
nour ar by this victory, but onely the beriefir of. his — Prolomy'$coarteſie to+
wards him. But yet he did nothing of. his/own head;: before he had wiyten to his; tather;z and then
receiving full grant and commitlion trom him to diſpoſe of all things as be, thought good, he ſent back
Demetrius Cilles unto'Prolomy, and all his other friends: beſides; with: great and-rach gifts which he bountifully
chankfulneſs beſtowed on.them. This misfortune and overthrow did utterly put Prolomy | out of all;SyR14, and
unto Prolomy. brought &4xtigonus alfo from'the Ciry'of! Cx LE N Es, for the exceeding joy he had of ;this victory,
asalſs for the greatdeſire he had to ſee his ſon. After that be fent DNemerrams. into. ARA BIA, again
a peoplecalled the NazaTHeANIANS, to: conquer thera { but there he: was in great; danger and
diſtreſs.in the deſerts: for-Jack of water;,. howbeit-he never ſhewed; any ſign thay he was afraid.
Deinciriucin: Thereby: he ſo aftonied1he barbarous: people, that-;he had leiſure enough -to retire; wizh-ſafery, and
vaded Arabiz, With a great booty of athouſand Camels, which he brought away withturp.: About. chat time Selencus
T (whom <Antigonu bads.driven from Bas, ywo n) returning thicheriagain, he came and conquered it
without other aid then'of himſelf : ahd; went with a great Army agaipfi he Peopleand,Nations con-
fining/ upon the InD1zs;'and the: Provinces 4djoyning unto. mount » Cancaſm 139; conquer: them,
Thereupon Demetrius hoping.to. find/-Mzs 0 yo T Amt: withou! anyiiguard- or. defence; ſuddenly
ren paſſed over the Riverof -Euphrates,\and. came unlooked for -unta Bay 10, and: there djſtreiled
Poramu. the Garriſon of Seleuc4, that keptroneof the Caſtles or.Ciradelyofthe: Ons being two of them;
the
and then'putting in ſeven thauſand: ſoldiers to keep sbtm, he commanded the zeſt. gf bis men to ger
what they could, ando-bring it away. with chew. . After-that he thaxched towards the ſea to retum
home, leaving thereby the Realm [and Kingdom of Sdlcwe xs in; better ſtate. and ſafety, then it was
when he invaded it.:For it- appeared that he-had taken all the Country; from, Seleuems, leaving him
nothing init, by ſpoiling .and forraging all char was there. At this return home, | news, was brought
him chat Ptolowy lay ar the ſiege of the':Ciry of 'Haizcarnassus: whereupon. he drew thither
with ſpeed-ro make him- raiſe the ſiege, and thereby ſayed the Ciry from him. Now becauſe by ths
Antigonus and exploit they wan great fame, = of them: (eAntigonw:and Demetrius) fell into a maryellous del:
to ng - to; ſetall GRE Ec ar liberty, | the which Prolamy andiCaſſanaer kepr'in ſervitude. and ; bondage. Ne-
OE - li. ver King took in hand a more honoutablez; nor; juſter War and enterpriſe, then that was, For, what
berty. - Power or riches he could gather rogether,)in oppreſſing of the barbarque people ; he beſtowed it all ib
reſtoring the GRECIAN's to their; Jiberty ; 'andjonely. ro win fame, and honour by it, So, they
being in conſultation what way.co take,t0)bring theip. purpoſe and: defige 'to paſs, and having taken
order to-begin firſt. at ATHENS, one Of. Antigonw chieteſt friends about him,: rold him, chat be
ſhould rake the City, and: place a govd-Garriſon here for themſelves, - if they. could once win, it:
for (ſaid he) it will be a good bridge -to,paſs furthexinto all GRE 5©h. eAntrgonys would not bear-
ken to that, but ſaid, that the love and: good will of ;men (was -a ſurer bridge, nas yp the City, of
ATHENS Was as a Beacon to all the land, ,the which would immedimely,make his doings ſhine through
the world, as a Creſfer, light, upon;ithe top of-;a keep or wajch-tower. ' Thus Demerrixe hoi
fail, baving five thouſand filver_ calents;;; and: a Fleet, of. two bundred and. fifty. fail, and failed to-
Bunnies " _— _ _ ATHENS 2 6 —_— mos E be po# 19 COTernouy inthe ras
ien, G0- Caſſander, and kept a ſtrong Garriſon xhere within the Haven and Caftle of MuNzgaia. , He Þ
—_— 4- an excellent good wind to further bis jqumey, ſochar wigh this good foreſight and, ſpeed . be made, he
Caſſender. -arrived in the Haven of P1g&a, the five-and twentieth day of. the ,moneth. Thargeliop (00W called
May) before any man knew of his coming. Now when this Fleerwas within a kenpung of. the City,
and leſs, that rhey might eaſily ſee them jromthenge, every. man| prepared himſelf to xeccive them,
raking them to be Prolomies ſhips. But in fine, the. Captains, apd, Fvernourh u
late who they were, did -what they . coulg, to help, thergſelves ; but. ghey., were all_jp burly. but
men compelled ro fighr'out of order, to Anya bone if ky and to repylke rhem, © -
at © -” ov RIM Porn) cs HY WP - @t_qTET
DEMETRIUS
in ſo ſuddenly upon them. Demerrixs having found the bat of the Hayen open, launched in
preſently. Then being come to the view of them all, and ſtanding upon the hatches of his Galley,
he made ſigns with his hand, that he prayed filence. The tumulr being pacified, he proclaimed a-
loud by one of his Heraulds, that his father had ſent him in a happy hour to deliver the Aras x1-
ans from all their Garriſons, and to reſtore them again to their ancient liberty and freedom, to Demetrius re-
enjoy their laws and ancient government of their foretathers, After the proclamation made, all the ftoreth the 4.
common people ſtraight chrew down their weapons and Targets at their feet, to clap their bands _ ©
with | ©255 wages of joy : praying him to land, and calling him aloud, their Saviour and benefaR.. _
or. Now fer them that were with Demerrizs PHALERIAN,, they all thought good to ler the
ſtronger in, although he performed nor that he promiſed, and alſo ſent Ambaſſadors unto him to
treat of peace, Demetrius received them very courteoully, and ſent with them for pledge, one of
the deareſt friends his tather had, eAri/fodemus M1LESIAN, Furthermore, he was not careleſs of
the health and ſafety of Demerrins PHALERIAN, who by reaſon” of the change and alteration of
the Government ot the Commonwealth of ATHENS , ſtood more in fear of the people of A-
THENS, then of his enemies, Therefore Demetrius regarding the fame and vertue of the Man, nenetrine An:
cauſed him to be conveyed (according to his defire) unto THe Bts, with good and ſufficient ſafe con- —————_
dut, And for Demetrius himſelf, although he was very deſirous to ſee the Ciry, he ſaid he would reth Demetrius
not come into it, before he had firſt reſtored it unto her ancient liberty and freedom, and alſo driven Phatrian.
away the Garriſon thence : and thereupon he caſt trenches round about the Caſtle of Muny cr1a,
In the meanſeaſon becauſe he would not be idle, he hoiled fail, and coaſted rowards the City of
MEGARa, Within the which Caſſander alſo kept a ſtrong Garriſon, Demetrius bulily following
theſe matters, was advertiſed that Crateſipolss, firnamed Polyperchon (who bad been Alexanders wite)
a Lady of paſling fame and beauty, and lay at that time in the City of PATRAs, would be glad to ſee
him, n—_— Army within the Territory of the MEGAaRIans, took his journey preſently
unto her, with a few of his lighteſt armed men , and yet he ſtole from them, and made his Tent to
be ſet up a good way from them, becauſe this Lady might not be ſeen, when ſhe came unto him. Some
of his enemies having preſent intelligence thereof, came and ſet upon him before he knew ir. Deme-
trine was ſo ſcared, that he had no further leiſure, but to caſt an ill-fayoured cloak abour him, the Demetrius dan-
firſt that came to hand, and diſguiſing himſelf ro fly for life, and ſcaped very hardly, that he was —_—_—
not ſhamefully taken of his enemies tor his incontinency, - But though they miſſed him , they took
his tent and all his money init, After that the City of MEGARA was taken and wan from Caſſan- Demetriuewinz
der's men, where Demetrixa ſouldiers would have ſacked all : howbeit the AT Hz N14 ns made hum- neth the Ciry
ble interceſſion tor that t —_—_—_— be ſpoiled. Demetrius thereupon, after that he had of Aegars, and
driven our __— arriſon, he reſtored it again to her former liberty, In doing that, he called **®ored ir to
to mind the Philoſopher $t3/po, a famous manin MEGaR a, th he lived a quiet and contem- 4 =_
plative life, He ſent for bim, and asked him if any of his men had raken any thing of his. Srilpo Phtetpnnont
anſwered him, yh not : for (quoth he) 1 ſaw no man that took my learning from me, This not- Megars.
withſtanding, all the ſlaves of the City were in a manner carried away. Another time, Demetrius Si!po's ayings
making much of him, as be was going his way, ſaid unto him. Well, Szilpo, I leave you your City unto Demerrius
free. Itis true, O-King (quoth be) for thou haſt left us never a ſlave. Shortly after, he returned a-
gain unto ATHENs, and laid ſiege to the Caſtle of Mun y c#14, the which he took, and drave out
zahe Garriſon, and afterwards razed it-to the ground. After that, through the entreaty and earneft
defire of the Ar#en1aNns, who prayed him to come and refreſh himſelf in their Ciry, he made
his entry into i, and cauſed all rhe people to afſemble, and then reſtored unto them their anciens Ms a2
Laws and Li of their Countrey , promiſing them beſides, that he would procure his father to Rorech - hr
fend them an ed and fifry thouſand buſhels of Wheat, and as much wood and timber as ſhould thenizns to
ſerve to make them an hundred and fifty Galleys. Thus the ATHzenians,
735
acus War, and the battle that was fought by the City of CRa now, in the State of Oligarchia, ro nw,
i government of a few governours in fight , but in truth a Monarchy or King- Oligerchis, the
becauſe, ven Bm under the government of one man Demerrics PhatERIAN that $2Y<fnment of
abſolute ity over them, But by this means made their ſaviour and preſerver _ hn.
ir Countrey, Demerrizs (who ſeemed to have obtained ſuch honour and glory through his hours decreed
ddneſs and liberality) hatefull and odious to all men, for the over-great and unmeaſurable honours to Pemerrius
os
which ye him. For firſt of all, called Antigonus and Demerrixs Kings, who before that 7 *b< 43bent-
time had refuſed the and the which ( all other pri honours and prerogatives **"*
granted) they rhat had divided berween them the Empire of Philip and Alexander, durſt never once
_—_ nge nor to take upon them. So unto them onely
| Ga years: of old time of een Majors, Furthermore, in ſtead
thereof they ordained in the Council of the Ciry, that there ſhould yearly be choſen one by voices of
the people, whom. they ſhoald'name the Prieſt of their ſaviours, whoſe name ſhould write and
cribe in all publick to ſhew the year : and befides al} this, chat they ſhould
gramsand covenants,
ſe their pictoresro be drawn in che veil or holy banner, in the' which were ſer our the images of
their gods, the Patrons and Ptotetors of their City. Andfurthermore they did conſecrare the place
where Demetrins firſt came out of his Coach, atid there did ſer up an Alcar, and called ix yy
'Altaf
DEMETRIUS
Alcar coming out of his Coach : and unto their tribes they added two other, the AxTtrGontnes and
the DEMETETIADSS, ' Their great Council at large, which they created early of five hundred -—_
was then firſt of all brought unto fix hundred, becauſe every tribe muſt needs furniſh of themſelves fifry
Counſellours. But yer the ſtrangeſt at, and moſt new-found invention of flattery, was that of Styg-
A, rocles (being the common flatterer and people-pleaſer) who put forth this decree, by the which it was
'f Straroctes Ordained : That thoſe whom the Commonwealth ſhould ſend unto Antigonus and Demerrins, ſhould
Athenian, Inſtead of Ambaſſadors be called Theori, as much to ſay, as, Miniſters of the Sacrifices. For ſo were
they called, when they ſentro Der. pHo $ to Apollo Pythias, or unto EL1DE to Fapiter Olympias, at
the common and ſolemn feaſts of all GxzzcE, to dothe ordinary ſacrifices and oblations for the health
and preſervation of the Cities, This Serarocles in all things elſe was a deſperate man, and one that had
always led a wicked and diſſolute life : and for his ſhameleſs boldneſs, he ſeemed wholly. to defend the
ſteps of Cleons fool-hardineſs and old inſolency, which (when he lived) he ſhewed unto the people
He openly kept a barlot in his houſe, called Phylacion, One day ſhe having bought for his ſupper,
$traroctes cruel beaſts heads and necks commonly eaten, he ſaid unto her : Why, how now.? thou haſt bought me acares
ſayings. which we toſs like balls, that have to do in the Commonwealth. Another time when the Army of the
ATHENIANS was overthrown by ſea, by the Iſle of AMoxGos, he. would needs prevent the news
of this overthrow, and came through the ftreer of Ceranicus crowned with Garlands of flowers, as if
the ATHENIANS had won the battle ; and was alſo the author of a decree whereby they did facrifice
unto the gods, to give them thanks for the victory ; and meat was given amongſt every tribe, in token
of common joy. But ſhortly after the meſſengers arrived, which brought report of the ſhipwrack and
overthrow. 7 he people were in an uproar withall, and ſent for Stratocles in a marvellous rage. But
he with a face of braſs came unto them, and arrogantly defended the peoples ill will, and angrily told
them : well,and what hurt haveI done you, if I have made you merry theſe two days ? Such was Sera.
zocles impudency and raſhneſs. But, as the Poet Ari#ophanes ſaith :
But hotter matters were that time inhand,
Then fire that waſteth both by ſea and land.
The moneth of
Munychion al-
fered, and cal-
Hemlock 5.
uſus] herb, _ ſuch an extream hard
Philippides the
Poet.
z
fer == chought good to ſpeak of him: in, by-ralk, becaule
JOINS: an honeſt Player of Comedies ſhould match with A ſhameleſs hc en ij} of the people,
defiring co hear But "yet there was another Democlides, of the;[village of SyKg7;mus., that dreamed, out a more
his ſecrets. kindof boriour, touching the: conſecrazion gf their Ta which. they dedicared to the
Temple of Apalle ini DzL ynos, that is to ay, thar' they ſhould; ga.ar ak the Oracle of Deme-
rr544, But Ewillſhew youthe very.effe& and forrmof.che law, as.13, was ſet don In good hour,
the- people otdaim that be ſhould be choſen one gf the Citizens of ATþeNs, wh < go —
RE amd@©z_as am. am -.GGE IIEESS
FEMETRIVUS.
our ſaviour : tfter that he hath done due ſacrifice unto him, he ſhall ask Demetrins our ſaviour,
aſter whar ſorr the people ſhall with greateſt holineſs and devotion, without delay, make conſecration
of their holieſt gifts and offerings : and according to the Oracle it. ſhall pleaſe him to give them, the
people ſhall duly execure it, Thuslaying upon Demerrins all theſe fooliſh mockeries, who belides
was no great wile man,they made him a very fool. Demetrius being at that time at leifurein Aras xs, Demetrize mar:
he married a widdow called Exrydice, which came of chat noble and ancient houſe of Miltiades, and rieduneo Eu,
had been married before unto one Ophelr as Prince of the CyRENTANS, and affer his death returned a. dice a; Ate 2.
gainto ATHENS, The ATHENIANS were very glad of this marriage, and thoughr it the greateſt
honour came to their City, ſuppoſing he had done it for their ſakes. Howbeit he was ſoon won ro be Demerrivs had
married, for he had many wives, but amongſt them all he loved Ph:la beſt, and gave her moſt honour "gag tos
and preheminence above them all, partly for the reſpect of her father Antipater , and alſo for that ſhe Dh s Soma.
had been firſt married unto Craterus, whom the Mac EDO NIANS lofed beſt when he lived, and moſt rrixs wife, An.
lamented after his death above all the other fucceſſors of Alexander. His father, I ſuppoſe, made him ?ipaters daugh=
ro marry her by force, although indeed her years was not meet for him : for was marvellous yorng, ***> an Crat:-
and ſhe very old. And when Demerrins ſeemed not to be contented withall, his father rounded him Theju nnd _
ſoftly in rv fon with this ſaying : of marriage,
and obegience.
Refuſe no womanne'r ſo old,
Whoſe marriage bringeth ſtore of gold.
Wherein he cunningly alluded to theſe verſes of £xrypides.
Refuſe not to become a thrall,
Where lucre may enſue withall,
But ſo much did Demetrius honour his wife Phila, and all his other wives he married, that he was not
aſhamed to keep a number of Curtizans, and other mens wives beſides : ſo that he onely of all other
ings in his time, was moſt detected with this vice of letchery. While theſe things paſſed on in this
ſort, he was commanded by his father to fight with Prolomy forthe Realm of Cy ykus. So there was
no remedy bur he muſt needs obey him, although otherwiſe he was very ſorry to leave the War he had
begun, to ſer the Gxt c1As ar liberty, the which had been far more honourable and famous. How-
beir, before he departed from ATHENS, he ſent unto Cleonides Prolomy's General, that kept the Ci-
ties of COR1NTH and S1cyONE, to offer him money if he would ſet their Cities at liberry. But Cle-
onides would not be dealt withall that way, Thereupon Demetrius ſtraightway took ſea, and failed
with all bis Army towards Cy yRus, where at his firſt coming he overcame Menelans Prolomy's bro-
ther, Bur ſhortly after, Prolomy went thither in perſon with a great Army both by ſea and land, and
there paſſed betwixt them fierce threatnings and proud words to eachother. For Prolomy ſetit to De-
metrins to bid him depart if he were wiſe, before all his Army came together : which would tread kim
under their feet, and march upon his belly it he rarried their coming. Demerrixs on the other fide ſent
him word, he would do him this favour to let him eſcape, if he would ſwear and promiſe unto himto
withdraw his Garriſons which he had in the Cities of Cox1NTH and S1cyons. So the expeRation
of this battle made theſe rwo Princes not onely very penſive to fight one with the other, but alſo all the
other Lords, Princes, and Kings : becauſe the ſucceſs thereof was uncertain, which of them two ſhould
prevail, Bur every man judged this, that which of them obtaintd the victory, he ſhould not onely be
Lord of the Realm of Cy yRus, and Sy K14, bur therewithalſo of greater power then all the reſt. Pro- ;
lomy in perſon with fifry ſail began ro row againft his enemy Demerris, and commanded his brother cry tis =
Menelaus,that when he ſaw them faſt grapled in fight rogether,he ſhould launch our of the haven of Sa- prus mug
LAMI NA, and give charge upon the rereward of Demetrixs ſhips, to break their order, with the three-- Demetrius and
fore Galleys he had in charge, Demetrius onthe other fide prepared ten Galleyg againſt theſe three. F#otony.
ſcore, thinking them enough to choak up the havens mouth being but narrow, ſo that none of the Gal-
leys that were within could come out : and furthermore, he diſperſed his Army by land upon the fore-
land points which reach unto the ſea, and went himſelf into the main ſea with nine ſcore Galleys, and
ve ſuch a fierce —_y upon Prolomy, that he valiantly made him fly. Who when he ſaw his Army "IR
ken, fled as ſpeedily as he could with eighg Galleys onely : for all the reſt were either broken or _—_—
ſunk in and thoſe eight onely eſcaped, beſides threeſcore and ten which were taken, and all __ :
their ſouldiers in them. And as for his carriage, his train, his friends, his officers and houſhold ſer-
vants, his wives, his gold and filver, his armour, engines of battery, and all ſuch other warlick fur-
niture and munition as was conveyed aboard his cari&s and great ſhips riding at Anchor : of all theſe
things nothing eſcaped Demerrius hands, but all was brought into his Camp. Among thoſe ſpoils |
alſo was taken'that famous Curtizan Lama, who at the firſt had her name onely for her paſſing play- £4 the fa-
ing uponthe flute : but after ſhe fell ro Curtizan trade, her countenance and credit encreaſed the more. Mu Nay ang
So that even then when her beaury through years fell tro decay, and that ſhe found Demerrius much ;-;u, DS the
ounger then her ſelf, yet ſhe ſo wan him with her ſweer converſation and good grace, that he defeating of
onely liked her,and all the other women liked him. After this vitory by ſea, Aenelans made no more Frolomy. |
refiſtance, but yielded up SA LamtNa and his ſhips unto Demerrixs, and pur into his hands alſo —_— ield.
twelve hundred horſemen, and twelve thouſand footmen well armed. This ſo famous and trium- ;,;,f * _
pant victory was yer much more beautified by Demerrius great bounty and goodneſs, which he
ſhewed in giving his enemies ſlain in battle honourable funerals, ſetting the priſoners at liberty with-
out ranſom paying, and giving moreover twelve. hundred compleat armours unto the ATHz N14
ANS
738 DE ME TRI
ANS, Afeer this Dewmetrrimu ſent Ariſtodemas MILE $1AN unto his father amgnFo tell bim by
Ariftodemus a word of mouth the news of this victory. Ar:ſtodemus was the greateſt flatterer in all Antigenus Court
nocorioustizt- who deviſed then (as ir ſeemerh to me) to add unto this exploit the greateſt fattery poſlible, ' For when
rerer 1n Anti- he had taken land after he was was come out ofthe Iſle of Cy Rus, be would in no wiſe havethe ſhip he
gonxs Court. mein, tocome near the ſhoar, but commanded them to ride at Anchor, and no man ſo hardy to
leave the (hip : but he himſelf got into a lictle boat, and went unto «4n1igonus, who all this while
was in a marvellous fear and perplexity tor the ſuccels of this battle, as men may eaſily judge they are
which hope after ſo great uncertainties. Now when word was brought him that 4r:/todemus wascom-
ing tohim all alone, rhen was he worſe troubled then afore, inſomuch that he could ſcant keep within
doors himſelf, but ſent his ſervants and friends one after another ro meet Ariftodemws, to ask him
what news, and to bring him word preſently again how the world went. But not one of them could
get any thing out of him, for he went on ſtill fair and ſoftly with a ſad countenance, and very demure.
y, ſpeaking never a word. Wherefore eLntigonus heaxt being cold in his belly, he could ſtay no
longer, but would him go and meet with eAr:ſtodemus at the gate, who had a marvellous preaſe
of people following of him , beſides thoſe of the Court which ran out ro hear his anſwer, At
length when he came near unto eAntigonas, holding out his right hand unto him, he cried dut aloud ;
God ſave thee, O King Antigonus : we have overcome King Prolomy in battle by ſea, and have won
the Realm of Cy eRus, with {ixteen thouſand and eight hundred priſoners, Then anſwered Antige.
mus : And God fave thee too. Truly .eAr5ſtoden us thou haſt kepr us in a trance 4 good while, bur to
puniſh thee for the pain thou haſt pur us ro, thou ſhalt the later receive the reward of thy good
The firſttime news. Then was the firſt time that the peoplewith a loud 'voice called Antigonus and Demetring
Antigonus and Kings, Now for Antigonus, his friends and familiars did at that inſtant put on the royal band or Dia-
_ Ki vere dem upon his head : but for 'Demerrixs, his father ſent it unto him, and by his Letters called him King,
_ They alſo that were in £6 y eT with Prolomy, underſtanding that, did call and falute him by the
name of King : becauſe it ſhould not ſeem that for one overthrow received, their hearts were dead,
Thus this ambition by jealouſie and emulation went from man to man to all Alexanders ſucceſſors, For
Lyfimachus then alſo began to wear the Diadem, and likewiſe Seleucxs, as often as he ſpake with
the GRECIANS - for before that time, he dealt in matters with the barbarous people as a King, Bur
Caſſander, though others wrote themſelves Kings, heonely ſubſcribed after his wonted manner, Now
this was not onely an encreaſe of a new name, or changing of apparel], but it was ſuch an honour,
as it lift up their hs, and made them ſtand upon themſelves : and beſides, it ſo framed their manner
Nore the force Of life and converſation wich them, that they grew more proud-and ſtately then ever they were be-
of flartery by fore ; like unto common Players of Tragedies, who apparelling themſelves to play their parts upon
ym ms the Stage, do change their gate, their countenance, their voice, their manner of fitting atthe table,
: and their talk alſo. So that afterwards they grew more cruel in commanding their ſubjeQs, when
they had once taken away the vizor and diilimulation of their abſolute power,- which before made
Anigenxe an them far more lowly and gentle in many matters unto them, And all this came through one vile
Demerriux HQatterer, that brought fuch a wonderfull change in the world, Antigonus therefore d up with
journy againſt the glory of the victory of his ſon Demerrixe, for the conqueſt of Cy y rus, he determined forth-
Ptolomy, with to ſet upon Prolowy. Himſelf led the Army by land, having his ſon Demerr:us ſtill rowing by the
Medius dieam, ſhore fide with a Fleet of ſhips. But one of his familiars called 2Medins, being aſleep, had a
. viſion one night that - told bim, what ſhould be the end and ſucceſs of this journey, He thought he ſaw
eAntigonus run.withall his Army, who' ſhould have the upper hand , and that at the firft he ran
with great force and ſwiftneſs, but that afterwards his ſtrength and breath failed him, ſo much, that
when he ſhould return, he had ſcant any pulſe or breath, and with much ado retired again. And e-
ven ſo it chanced unto him. For Antigonus by land was eftſoons in great danger : and Demerrins al-
ſo by ſea was oftey in hazard to leave the coaſt, and by ſtorm and. weather to' be caſt into places
where was neither Thiven, Creeks, nor Harbour for ſhips. And ar length having loſt a great num-
ber-of his ſhips, he was driven to return without any attempt given. Now Antigonus was at that
time little leſs then fourſcore years old, but yet his fat and corpulent body was more cumberſom
to him then his years : therefor — > | rs unmeet for wars, he uſed his ſon in his place, Who for
that he was fortunate, as alſo skilfull through the experience he had gotten, did wiſely govern: the
weightieft matters. His father beſides did not paſs for ffis yourhfull parts, laviſh expences and com-
mon drunkenneſs he gave himſelf unto. For in time of peace, he was .given over to all theſe vices:
but in time of War, he was as ſober and continent as any man fo born by nature. And therefore it,
15 reported, that Lamia being manifeſtly known to be miſtreſs over him, one day when he was come
| Anticoms from hunting, he came (as his manner was) to. kiſs. his father : and that Anr:gonus ſmiling upon
ire ich his” him, ſaid: What, how now ſon, doeſt thou think thou art kiſſing of Lamia ? Another time Deme-
ſon Demetrius. #r4Ks was many days together drinking and rioting, and ſaw not his father : and then to excuſe bim-
ſelf unto him, he told him he had gotten a Rheume that made him keep his chamber, that he could
not come to him;” So I heard, ſaid 4ntigonus, bur was it of Tyas0s or CH10s that Rheume he
ſpake of ? becauſe that in either of thoſe two Iflands, there were excellent good wines. Another
time Demetrius ſent his father word, that he was not well : thereupon Antigonus went to ſee
and coming thither, he mer a fair young boy at his door. So, he went up to bis chamber , and
' ſitting down by his beds ſide, he cook him, by the hand to feel his pulſe. Demetrius told him that bis
Feaver had left him but a little before. T know it well (aid Antigonus) for 1 met the young wy ra
ven at the door as I camein. So Antigonus did gently bear with ,his fons faults, in reſpect 0 -
KW
1ETRIVUS. _
yg yaw _ drunken-
them, w
excellent ſhip.
wright,
Sundry delights
of Ptinces,
is Demetrius
ry and fineneſs'of his —_—
works
the
marvel] when they ſaw his Galleys —_— the coaſt, with fifteen or ſixteen banks of Oars :
and his Engines of battery which they Elepolis ( as much to ſay , Engines to take Cities ) were
a ſpeacle of great admiration unto thoſe whom he beſieged, as the events following did through-
ly witneſs. For Lyſmachws , who of all other Kings did malice Demetrius moſt , coming to
raiſe the fiege fromthe Ciry of S0LL1 in C1Liicia , the which Demerrius beſieged, he ſent un-
to him to pray him to let him ſee his Engines of battery, and his Galleys rowing upon the ſea. De- p,,...... 1...
erins granting him , Lyſmachas returned with wonderfull admiration. The R10D1a xs alſo geged Rhodes
Lint long time defended hi z at the laſt made peace with him , and prayed him to leave ſome
one of his Engines with them, for a perperuall teſtimony and remembrance both of his power , and
alſo of their c and mes. The cn why —_——— made _ with the RrOD1-
ANS, Was, e they were confederates with King Ptro/omy : he brought againſt their walls the "NY
greateſt Engine he aſe foot whereof was like a tile , wa. long then OY , and at the baſe = _—_
on either {ide it was eight and fourty cubits long, and threeſcore and fix high , riſing ſtill narrow « greateſt en-
even to the very top : {o that the upper parts were narrower then the nether , and within it were $"< of battery
many pretty rooms and places conveyed for fouldiers ; The forepart of it was open towards the T_ O_o
enemy , and every room or partition had windows, out of which they beſtowed all kind of ſhor,
becauſe they were full of armed men fighting with all ſorts of weapons. . But now, becauſe it was ſo
well framed and counterpoiſed , that it gave no. way, nor reeled on either fide , which way ſoever
thy removed it , but that it ſtood faſt and upright upon her foundation , making a terrible noiſe
ſound, that made che work as wonderfull to behold, as it was a marvellous plealure for men to
fee it. In this war were brought unto Demerrizs two notable armors weighing fourty pounds a
piece, and made by one Zoilns anarmorer , who to ſhew the hardineſs and goodneſs of the tem- Th
per , ſuffered them to be proyed and ſhot at, at ſixſcore paces, with the Engines of their battery : and 5 em,
it the armours: were ſhat at and hit, yet, were they never pierced, and but onely a little race or be temper by
ſcratch ſeen, as it were of a bodkin or penknife , and bad no more hurt. Demetrius always wore one Zoilus an Ar-
of them in theſe wars, and Alciwas ALBANIAN' the other, the reap and valianteft man he ®or-
had in all his hoaft , and that onely carried a compleat armour weighing fixſcore pounds, where all 4cims 4!-
other ſouldiers wore none above threeſcore; This Alcimms was flain at Rrops, valiantly fight- —— =
Ingby the Theater. - In this fiege the RH0Dians did valiantly - defend themſelves , that Deme- m—ats -
erixs could do no a&t worthy memory. This notwithſtanding, although he ſaw' he could not prevail, weight.
but loſe his time , yet was he the more obſtinately bent againſt them, to be even with them , becauſe The diſcourte-
theyhad taken a ſhip of his, in the which bis wife Phila bad ſent unto him certain hangings of Tape- _—_— Rho-
= » Linnen Apparell, and Letters , and becauſe they had ſent them all uno Ptolemy as ſoon as they S—_
: takenthem, But therein they did not follow the honeft ; courtefie of the ATHEN3 Aa NS , Who courtefie of the
intercepted certain currers of King Philsps rhat made war againſt they opened all the Athenians unto
IALYSUS, Demwetrixs found this table in a houſe
RHroDitans thereupon ſending an Herauld unto
Rrr bim,
&
_ —_— —— @—
» |
him , to beſeech Hitm'to ſpare the defacing of ſo goodly a work , he returned chem anſwer, that he
Protogenesborn Would rather ſuffer his farhers"images ro be burne, then ſo-excetſent and paſling a work as that tg
in the City of be loſt and brought to' nothing; 'For it is reported, that PYorogents was ſeven years drawing of
Ceunws an ex- the ſame; and it'is ſaid alſo that e/Fpelles himſelf when he faw it , did {6 wonder at-it 44hat his ſpeech
ys painter. Aed him , and he ſtood mute a long time, andat aft faid': Surely this is a wonderfull piece of work,
eable fche . and of great labour , yet doth it want thoſe graces and ornatnerits' whereby thoſe that 1 paint: do!
City ot Falyſus reach unto heaven, This table afterwards being brought ro 'ROx# , and hanged up- with others,
grearly com-.. was*in rhe end burnt by. fire. Now as the RfoprAans were- defirous to be rid of this war ,
ory by A-- 2nd that Demerrime alſo was willing 'ro take -an' honeſt occaſion to do it , the Ambaſſadours of the A.
ener” himlell, EMT A NS Cane happily to ſerve both their defires , who 'made peace berween then with'theſs
conditions : that the RyOD1 a ns ſhould be confederates with Antigonus and 'Demervine againſt all
men, but Ptofomy onely. The ATHEx1 ans fent for Demerrixs , upon (afſanders "coming tolay
Demetrius con ſiege to their Ciry:: whereupon Demerrins ihrnediatly hoifed- fail rowards AtHzns, wittithree
cludeth peace Þundred and thirty Galleys, and a greatnmnber of men of war beſides: ſo rhat he did not onely
wich the Rho» grive Caſſander out of the Province of ATT1cCa, but followed him even-to the ſtraight of Tarr.
_ MOPYLES, att{there overthrew him in fet bartell., and received the City of 'HsRACLEA , which
willingly yedded unto him , and fix thouſand Maczponrans that came unto bim 10 take his part.
vs Soin his return back, he fetall the Gx 1a ws ar liberty on thisfide the ſtraight + -he made a league
ara ri- with the BozOt1aNws , and took the City of CExcREEs, and the Caſtles of PHY tt and Pa x-
- hg ACTos, inthe frontiers and confines of At f1c x, in the which Caſſavder had- left Garriſons tg
keep the Countrey in- ſubjetion : and after hehad-driven rhem'out of the Countrey , he rendred the
forts again unto the ATHENIaNs. Therefore thoough it ſeemed the AT#zNtaNns had before
beſtowed to their uttermoſt power all kinds of honours that could'be offered him, every man Rtriving
for life to prefer the ſame, yet they found-ourt new devices to flatter and pleaſe him. For they ordain-
ed that the place behind the temple:of Afiyerv4 called Parthenon (as-who would ſay, the temple of the
Virgin ) ſhould be prepared for his houſe ro lye in:'and they 4aid', that the goddeſs Minerva did
: lodge him with her. But to ſay truely , he was too unchaſt a gueſt}, to think that a maiden goddefs
—— «7s, Would be content he ſhould lye with her.” And yet his father! 'Antigonwe perceiving that they had
" lodged his ſon Philip on a time 1n a houſe , where there were three young women ,- he-laid nothing 9
P+lip himfelf , bur before he ſent for the Harbinger;and ſaid unto him :- wilt thot+ het remove my ſon
out of this ſtraight lodging, and provide him of a betrer ? And Demetrime, that ſhould have reveren-
ced the goddeſs Minerva, though for no other reſpeR but becauſche called her his eldeſt ſiſter ( for
Demerriuswan- To he would ſhe ſhould be ) he defiled all the Caſtle where was rhe remple of theſe holy virgins,
ronnels, with horrible and abotninable infolencies , both rowards young' boys-of honeſt honſes-, as alſo un-
to young wowen of the City. So that this place ferrtied to be. moſt pure and = z at ſuch times as
The names of . he ay with his common Curtiſans, (%ryſ7, Lumia, Demo, and- Anticyra. It ſhall nor be greatly for
Ceri the honour of the; City of ATHENS \, to tell partjcularly all-the abominable parts he commited
, ; there. But Demecles vertue 414 honeſty deferverly' worthy and condign remembrance, This De
| mocles was a young boy that had no hair on his face, of whoſt beaity Demerr4:s being informed by
the ſirname he had, as commonly called through the City ; Dimecles the fair , he ſought divers
ways to entice him , both by 'fair'nieans, late promiſes and pifts, and alfo with threars beſides,
But when he ſaw no man could bring-bitn tb the betit of his dow; and thar the young boy in the end
ſeeing him ſo importunate upon Hiern; tatne no mote'to the common places of exerciſe, where other
children uſed to recreate themſelves , and that £o avoid the common ſtoves, he went ro waſh himſelf
in another ſecret ſtove : Demetrins warching his title and (Hour of -geing thither , followed I;
and got in to him being alone. The boy ſeeing hiniſelf- alone ,ahd chat he could not reſiſt Demwrtri«
#5, took off the cover of rhe Kettle or Cauldron where" the water was boiling and leaping into it
drowned himſelf, © Truely he was*unworthy of ' fo lamenrable attend, but yet Mhewed x noble heart |
worthy of his beauty ml Countrey, - Bothe did nvras another called Cleenctis , the fon of Clees
- medon, who brought letters from Demerri®s ,direRed ro the” people, whereby th Demetrins
interceſſion and requeſt , his fathers fine of fifry-talents in the which he was end for non-
payment remained priſoher ) was' dearly remirted 'and* forgiven.: - Bur by this 4 ;*he not of
. ſhamed and diſhonoured himfſelf', Vut alfotroubled all -the City. / For the people therenpon reteal
Cleomedon of his fine, bur therewith they made a decree that nd Cirrzen ſhould theneeforth bring any
more lerters from Demetrixs:* But '#fterwatds undetftanding that Demetrios was tmiryellouſly of-
| fended with thisdetret , they difHbt onely revoke thei firſt decree bur they 'did/dlfo-pur ſore of
| them todeath, which were' che ptothrets ani Hinhors of the decree ; ant} others (alſ#'they baniſhed.
| And further they made'a law''-thi##the people 'of | AH t xs ſhould #ecotmt all religious to the gods,
and juſt unto all men, wharſo&ver- tt pleaſed 'Drmeattvixy to brder iid appoint,” Ar that time there
» was-one of the chiefeft'men of theCiry”, thar'faid” Yrygrotl.s was a'ftiat man to prefer ſuch marrers,
Indeed quoth/Demochires (HfARBRGd EX CONTAN , be werek tnad ink if 'Ne were-ofierwiſe : and be
| ſpake it becaufe this $traticles had rhany Sreat pittſures at Drmverr#iaf Karids for this Aattery. How
Demetrius beir , Demorharts being acciſed- edonrrmn do a theſe res, in ah omg ATHENS,
———..... ATHENTANS' bow'they oft themnſelv&; 'Why Reed? for be 4 "from the Garriſon
etoponneſ®s. they had- before, and ro*be teſtorednto/ cheir FortbtHbkrry ind Freedvin, From: thence Dowir-
rrins went into PELO PON N £808; and tibyet art Eiighny! of His Gut ty his Loiniog - but _
, $312 ; WEL , * THOWH4S ode 6d ©
* *
Cs
* #
FP EMETRIOS
hundred talents given amongſt them
R1NTH, from the Garriſons that 1
Demezrius cho-
len General] of
all Greece,
power of a King
other Princes Kings but his | \
terers, who being at banquets called for wine to drink ro King Demetrixs , and to Selenucxs ma-
ſer of the Elephants, to Pro/omy Admiral, to Xs com keeper of the treaſure, and to Agathocles
S1L1C14aN , governour of the Iſles. All the » but LZyſimachws , laughed at theſe toys
when they were reported to him : but Lyſmachw was very angry , and thought great ſcorn that
Demetrizs ſhould reckon him a gelding , for that it wasan old cuſtom commonly to give an Euffuch
the charge of keeping the treaſure. So Lyſmachns of all other Princes did bear him moſt malice
and becauſe he would finely taunt him for that he ever kept Lamia his Curtifan wich him : Untill this
preſent time, ſaid he , I never ſaw harlot play in a Tragedy before. Demetrixs anſwered him again,
that his harlot was chaſter then Penelope his wife. So Demerrixs departing for that time out of P:Lo-
'PONNESUS, took his journey towards ATHENS, and wrote before tothe ATHENIANS , that when
he came thither he would be received into the fraternity of the holy myſteries,and thathe meant they
ſhould ſhew him at oneſelf time , all chat was to be ſeen , even from the leaſt to the higheſt ſecrers of
their ceremonies, called Epoptices, becauſe they made the brethren ofthe fraternity ſee them long time
after that they had been firſt received into the leſſer ceremonies : the which was notlawfull then , nei-
ther was ever heard of before. For theſe ſmaller myſteries, in old time were celebrated in the moneth
of November , andthe greater in the moneth of A»gsſ# : and beſides it was not lawfull to celebrate or
uſe theſe ceremonies within the ſpace of a year one of the other. When theſe letters were openly
read, nomandurt ſpeak againſt them, but Pythodor»s the Prieſt , who carried the torch lighted when
they ſhewed theſe myſteries, Howbeit his words prevailed not, for by the device of Stratocles it was
enacted at an aſſembly of the City, that the moneth of 34arch inthe which they were at that time ,
ſhould be called and reputed November. And ſo asthey could beſt help it, by their ordinances of
the City they did receive Demetrixs into the fraternity of the myſteries : and afterwards again , this
ſelf moneth of March which they had tranſlated into November , became. ſuddenly A4ugu/t : and in
the felf ſame year was celebrated the other ceremony of thele great myſteries, whereby De» errixs
was admitted to ſee the moſt ſtraight and ſecret ceremonies. : Theretore Philippides the Poet in-
veighing againſt the ſacriledge and impiery of Religion prophaned by Stratocles , madethele yerſes of
Into one moneth his coming hither ,
q ' Hath thruſt up all the year together. | vir fer
'And afterwards becauſe Strarecles was the procurer that Demetrius was lodged in the Temple of 34;. Philippides
xerva Within the Caftle : yerſes againſt
| Of Chaſt Minerva's holy ({hnrch he makes « filthy ſteves , nr the
And in that —_— very fight his harlots doth abuſe, :
But yet of all the inſolent parts done at that time in ATHz s( although many were committed ) none Demerrius pro-
-of all the —— the ATHENIANS more, then this did : that Demerrivs commanded them digal gift of
they ſhould y furniſh him with two bundred and fifry talents. The taxation of this payment W9 hundred
was very: hard unto them, both for the ſhorinels of the time appointed them , as alſo for the im- 22% 57 19”
| of abating any. part of it, When be had ſeenall this maſs of money, laid on a beapbe- nes,
Ped hecummaned wad gr to Lamis , and among his other Curtiſans, to trons buy chem ſope.
ſope.' The ſhame the ATHENIANS received by this gift , grieved them more then the loſs of their
, money.: and the words be (| » gy of and their City,did more trouble them
chen the pays . Some 5 pnrkbantng ing, that Demetria did not alone uſe the
thi nk be HESSALIANS: alſo.in the fame manner. Bur paſſing this _
-over , Lamia of ber ſelf and h her own countenance did ger a great ſum of money together of 7,954 made
- diverſe | ſupper, ſhe made unto: Deme:ri«s,the preparation whereof was of ſuch excee- "wang; —M
- 0 vernge SAMos, did ſet downghe order thereof in writing. And own coſt.
X e a certain Poet no leſs pleaſant, then truely, called this Zamia , Elepolis : to wit, an engine to LamisElepols,
take Cicies, * And Demochares alſo born inthe Ciry of. SOL, called Demerriss a fable, becauſe he
had Lawiceverwithhim : as in the fables which old womentell lictle children, bere is ever lightly
2 Lewia , as much to ſay as' a witch, or ſorcereſs. So that: the great credic and authority this
Rrrx 2 Lamia
= DEMETRIUS
-
—
Lamia had, and the love which'Demerrixs bare her, did not onelyxauſe bis wives to ſulpeR.and enyy
hin, but made him hated alſo of all his friends and familiars. And therefore certain gentlemen, whom,
Demerrixs ſent in Ambaſſade unto King Ly/rmachns , he talking familiarly with them , and pailing the
time away , ſhewed chem great w of the claws of a Lyon ppon. his Arms and Legs , telling
© them alſo how he was forced to fight with'a Lyon , when through-King Alexengder s fuxy he was ſhu
up-in his den with him : they ſmiling to hear him , told him charihe King their maſter bad alſo cer,
rain marks and bitings on his neck, of a wild-beaft called Zawwa. And today truly, it was a won,
derfull thing, thar ry he did) his wife Phi/a ſo much againſt his will, becauſe ſhe was too old
= for him,how he was raviſhed with Z«mis, and did ſo conſtantly love her ſo long together, conſidering
The ſaying of - alſo thatſhe was very old, and paſt'the beſt. Therefore Demo-, ſirnamgd 3ſame( as much to ſay, the
Demo u Curti- 924 woman) pleaſantly anſwered Demerris , asKing” ber one night: when Lama had played. on the
0, OG | flute all ſupper time , what ſhe thought of Zamia? An old woman , O King , quoth. ſhe: Another
mctriue, © - = time when fruit was ſerved in , afjer the board was saken up : Do you ſee, {aid Dewwerrins , hom many
prety fine knacks Zamia ſendeth me ?' My mother, anſwered Demo again,ſhe will ſend you more then
A preny ſuit theſe, if you pleaſe to lye with her, It is reported of this Lama , that ſhe oventhrew Bogchory
commenced ;y4pernent ina matter,” In £GyPT there ———_ man that had a marvellous fancy unto a fa.
_— _ mous Curtiſan called Thos : who did ask him fuch a great ſum of money to lyewith her, that i was
— = unpoilible for him to give it her. Ar lengrh, this amourous youth being ſo deep in love with her,
verſed by La- dreamed one night he lay with her , and enjayed her : ſo that for the plealure be reok by his
mia the Cur- conceipt and imagination , when heawaked , his earneſt love was ſatisfied. This Curtiſan whom he
—_ ' hadcaft fancyto, hearing of this his dream , did put him in ſuir' before the Judges, wheyopalhe
hirefor the pleaſure the young man had taken of ker by imagination, Boccboris hearing the ſum of
her complaint , commanded the young man to bring before him in ſome veſſel, at a certain day apy
pointed , as much money as ſhe did ask him for to lye with her, Then he bade bim to $ols it too and
froin his hand before the Curtifay , that ſhe might -onely have the ſhadow and ſight of 'it ; for quoth
© he, ' imagination and opinion is but a ſhadow of truth, Zawia ſaid., this was no equal. ;
The ſubtility of fgr ſaid ſhe , the ſhadow onely or the ſight of money , did nor ſatisfic the covetquſnels of the
ye Curtifan-, as the young mans loſt . was quenched by his dream, Thus enough ſpoken iof Zamia. But
Contence. now the misfortunes and gefts of him we preſently write of , do. tranſport the tuſtory , as fromz
Comicall into a Tragicall Theater, 'that is to ſay, trom pleaſant and light matter , - into lamentable
The conſpiracy and'bitter tears. For all the Princes and Kings conſpired generally "= Antigonus , and joyned
of the Rings 41] their force and Armies together, | Therefore Demerr5.s departed. forthwith out of GR ect,
- —_ 4% and came to joyn with his father , whoſe courage he found more lively and better given to this
war then his years required : beſides that Demetriu4 coming made him the bolder , and did lift up hs
heart the more. And' yet it ſeemerh'to me , that if Anr:gouns would but have yoelded up a fey
trifling things , or that either he could or would: have bridled his over immoderate covetous deſire
to reign , he had both kept for himſelf all the time of his life , and alfo left after his death unto his
ſon , the ſupreameſt digrliry and power , above all other Kings and ſucceſſors of Alexander. Bis
he was ſo cruell and ſo raſh of nature , and ſo inſolent and brave in his doings , as an bis words : that
thereby he ſtirred up and brought upon him as enemies , many great and mighty Princes. For yen
ar char preſent time he faid , that tit would aseafily diſperle and ſcatter thax conſpiracy a-
ainft him, as choughs or other PaRUbentg peck up the Corn newly ſown, are calily
cared away with a ftone or making any liule : So he carried' to the field with fig , above
9 EE" threeſcore and ten thouſand footmen , ten thouſand horſemen , and threeſcore and fifteen Ele
his exermiecar. Phants, His enemies had threeſcore and four thouſand foomen: , and-five hundeedhorſemen more
my. then he , with four hundred Elephants, and fixfcore -carrs of war. "When the two Armics were
One-near unto the other , methinks:he had ſome imagingtien in/his head thar & his hope , but
not his courage. For in all other battels and conflicts, having commonly uled-o :look big on
the matter, to have a loud bigh voice; and 40 uſe bravewords , and Cometime alſoreven in the chief-
ſt of all the battel] to give ſome pleaſant mock or other , ſhewing a centain truſt he had in himſelf ,
and contempt of his etiemy': then'they faw him oftentines alone and very penſive', iwithaur extr
a word to any man. - One day he calledall his Army rogerber , and preſented. his on unto the
ſouldiers , recommending him unto' them ,-as his heir and {ucceffour , and talked with him alonein
' his Tent, Whereat men marvelled the triore, becauſe that he never uſed before ro amparrito anymm
the ſecrets of his counſell and determination; nonot to/his own ſon ,'byrt did all tings of himſelf:
and then commanded thar thing'opetily' to be done which he bad ſecretly p >" For 'prodf
hereof it is ſaid , Demerrivs being 'but''a -young-man , asked him onatime when the "Camp ſhould
remove : and that ;Axtinowns , Art thou- aftaigl thou ſhalt not bear cheſound
and tokens that killed cher hearts. For
. Demetrius
dream and
figns.
their Army werefet in\batrell ray
por tergh ir mereg rp 1 od, elf very ſordly. So | up; when lift-
gp hi t6 heaven; be'm prayer mito the that ir would pleaſe phom £0
hip: vitory, or ſudden denb & os ow Naw; before be ſoul fe biel vanguibed an
LS —_— — _—
Lend YU TD WW
» Oo wy W VD UD TT A Mz Fr T-
A kw ry
* oF 4s
”, wk
—_ 0
—_——
th.
743
his Army overthrown. When both Armies came to joyn, and that they fought hand to hand , De-
metrius that had the moſt part of the horſemen with him , went and gave charge upon «Antiochxs the
fon of Seleucus , and fought it out ſo valiantly on his ſide; that he overthrew his enemies » and put
them to flight. But roo fondly following the chaſe of them thar fled, and out of time , he marred all
and was the occaſion of the loſs of his victory, For when he returned from the chaſe, he could
not joyn again with their footmen , becauſe the Elephants were between both, Then Selencus per-
ceiving Antrgonns battell was naked of horſemen , he did not preſently ſet upon them , but turned at
one fide as though he would environ them behind , and made them afraid ; yer making head as he
would charge them , onely to give them leiſure rocome ontheir fide, as they did. For the moſt part
of Antigonns hoſt did forake him and yeelded unto his enemies : the reſt of them fled every man.
And when a great troup of men together went with a great fury to give charge on that ſide where
Antigonus was , one of them that were about him faid unto him : Your grace had need to take heed
for theſe men come to charge us. He anſwered again : but how ſhould they know me? and if they
did, my ſon Demerri»s will come and help me, This was his laft hope, and ſtill he looked every way
if he could ſee his ſon coming towards him : rill at the length heewas ſlain with Arrows, Darts ,
and Pikes. For of all his friends and ſouldiers, there tarried not one man by his body , but Thorax of
che City of LartssA in THESSALY., Now the battell having ſuch ſucceſs as you have heard, the
Kings and Princes that had won ſo noble a victory , as if they had cur a great body in ſundry pieces ,
they divided Antigonus Kingdom among them , and every man had his part of all the Provinces and
Countries which Axrigon«s kept , adding that unto their other dominions which they poſſeſſed be-
fore. Now Demetrixs flying with all poſſible ſpeed that might be , with five thouſand footmen , and
Demetrius up=
on the firſt on»
ſer,made An-
tiochus the ſon
of Seleucus
fly.
Over raſhly
chaſing the &«
nemies, he loſt
his vitory,and
Was Overcome.
The death of
ing Antigo«
sS
Demetrius
four thouſand horſemen, he got to the City of EyHesus : where every man miſtruſted , that being figh,
needy of money as he was , he would not ſpare the temple of Dane in ExHzsus, bur would rifle all
the gold and filver in it, And in contrary manner alſo Demerrixs being afraid of his ſouldiers, leſt
they would ſpoil it againſt his will , he ſuddenly departed thence , and failed towards Grtzzct -
putting his greateſt confidence and affiance in the ATHENIANS, becauſe he had left his wife Deida-
mia at ATHENS, With ſhips and ſome money ; ſuppoſing he could go no whither with better ſafety
ih his adverſity , then to ATHENS, of whoſe good wills he thought himſelf afſured. Wherefore
when the Ambaſſadours of the ATHEN1A Ns came unto him , and found him not far from the Iſle
of CyCLADES ; 25 he failed with great ſpeed towards ATT1CA , and that they had declared unto
him, he ſhould forbear ro come unto their City, becauſe the people had made an ordinance to ſuffer
no mockings to comeinto ATHENS , and that they had ſent Deidamis his wife honourably accom
panied unto the City of MEGARA : then was Demerrws for very anger and pailion of mind, clean
out of countenance, although untill chat time he had patiently born his adverſicy, and his heart had
never failed him. But this nipped him to the heart ; when he ſaw ( that contrary to expeRation )
the ATHENIANS had deceived and failed bim in his great need , and that in his adverſity he
found their former friendſhip counterfeit, and altogether diſſembled., Whereby mot plainly appear-
'eth, that the moſt uncertain and deceivable proot of the peoples good wills and Cities toward Ki
and Princes, are the immeaſurable and extream honours they do unto them, For fith it is ſo , that
the truth and certainty of honour proceedeth from the good will of thoſe that give ir,the fear which
the common people commonly ſtand in of the power of Kings , is ſufficient cauſe for them to miſtruſt
that the people do it not with good will and from their hearts, conſidering that for fear they do the
Celf ſame things , which they will alſo do_for love. Therefore grave and wiſe Princes ſhould not
paſs ſo much for the images and ftatues they ſer up for them, or the tables or divine honours they da
decree unto them, as to regard their own works and deeds , and weighing them truely , ſo to be-
lieve and receive their honours for true, or otherwiſe to reject and miſtruſt them , as things done by
compulſion. For commonly it is that which makeththe people to hate: Kings the more , when they
'do accept theſe inameaſurable and extream honours done unto them : bur thoſe ſorts chiefly hate
thein moſt, that againſt their wills are forced tro do them thoſe honours, Demetrius ſeeing then
how injuriouſly the ATHENtans bad uſed him, and at that time not knowing how to be reyen-
ged- of them , he modeſtly ſent unto them onely to make his complaints , and to demand his ſhips,
- the which was that Galley of ſixteen banks of Oars. The which when he had receiv-
toiſed ſail immediatly towards the ſtraight of PzLopoxNNESUs , and there found all
. ”
ed, he
things againſt him, For. in! every place where he had left any Garriſon, the Captains that
'had ; of them, either yeelded them up , or elſe revolted, and kept-them aeainſ him,
"Therefore leaving Pyrrbxs his Lieutenant in GREECE , he took ſea again , and failed towards
'CHERRONESUs , and there with the miſchiefs he did , and with the ſpoils he got in King Lyſ-
:machus land, be payed his men, aridenriched his Army , the which began again to encreaſe, and to be
dreadfullto his enemies. Burt now for Lyfmachws,, the other Kings made no great account of him
'neither did they fir to give him aid , becauſe he-was nothing inferiour unto Demerrius t and
for that be was'of greater power and poſſeſſions then themſelves, they therefore were the more
afraid of him, after , Selincxus ſent unto Demetrius , to. require his daughter S:ratonice
+1 marriage ,- ing that he had a fon already called- Antiockus , by bis wife Apama
a PERSIAN, - Howbeit he thought that his affairs and greatneſs of his eſtate and Kingdom, was
able enough to maintain many ſucceſſours after him, furthermore, he conſidered with himſelf
that he ſhould have need of Demetrixs alliance , becauſe he ſaw Lyſimpechus , himſelf match with one
of Prolemies daughters ,” and his ſon -_——_—_ with his other. daughter. Demctrixs. {ecing this
rr3 : good
The unfaichful-
neſs of the A.
thenians ro-
ward Deme-
gr1us,
Kings Over great ho-
nours are fgns
of unconſtang
Seleucus re-
quizeth $tratoe
nice ( Deme-
rrius daughter)
in marriage.
_ — w ab
- + "OB + A "4, by
y \ ro. "a MO! = n . q o -
744 DEMETRRTUS
I ————
good fortune offered him beyond all hope, preſently took his daughter with him , and failed with all
his ſhips dire&ly towards Sy & 14, In the which voyage he was conſtrained of neceſſity to land ſome.
—_—— times , and ſpecially in C111c14 , the which Pliſtarchus the brother of {aſſander kept at that time,
—_ of- being given him by the other kings for his part and portion of the ſpoil of 4»r5gonns , after he was
ſander, ar that overthrown. This Pl;ſtarchxs thinking that Demerrixs landed not to refreſh bimſelf , but to forrage
time Governor and ſpoil , becauſe he would complain of Selexcas for the alliance he made with rheir common ene.
of Cilicia. my , without the conſent and privity of all the other Kings and Princes confederates, he went pur.
| , - Ppoſely unto his brother (aſſander. Demetrius having intelligence thereof , he ſuddenly invaded the
— 1: land, andſpoiled as far as the Ciry of CynDss , and carried away ( which he had legvied) twelve
vacers COLI. Fundred talents , which he found yer left of his fathers treaſure : and then with;gll; the. {peed he
could poſſible he returned to his ſhips , and hoiſed ſail, Shortly after, his wife P//gz alſo came unto
him. So Seleucss received them all near unto the City of OxOs $us , and there their meeting was
Princely , without ſorrow or ſuſpicion one of the other, Firſt of all Seleucxs did fealt Demetrixs in
Seleutus marrl- 1.1 (ent, inthe middeſt of his Camp : and afterwards Demerrins feaſted him again in his Galley ,
+ wnt gy with thirteen banks of Oars, : Thu they pafſed many dayes together , feaſting and rejoycing each
daughter. withother , being unarmed , and having no ſouldiers to wait upon thera : untill at length Selezcys
with his wife Styatonice departed, and took his waywrith great pomp towards the City of ANT1.
OCH. Now for Demetrrixs, he kept the province of. C111c14a, andſent his wife Phila unto her bro-
ther Caſſander, to anſwer the complaints and accuſations of Phftarchns againſt him. In the mean time
Deidamia his wife departed out of GREECE to come unto him : who after ſhe had remained with
The deathof him a few days , died of a fickneſs. Afterwards Demetrius coming again in favour with Prolomy, by
atonrmn * © Selencns his fon in laws means, he married his daughter Prohomeide. Hitherunto Selexcas uled De-
Demetriuemar- merrins very courteouſly , but afterwards he prayed him to deliver him C1L1c1a again, fora ſum
rieth Prelome- of money that he offered him : bur Demerrixs plainly denied him.. Then did Selewews thew a cruell
ide, Prolomies and ryrannicall covetouſneſs : for in anger , andwith fierce threats and countenance he asked him the
_— ».. Cities of TYRE , and $1D0N, - But therin methinks he lacked bonefty and civility: as be
twixe Demerr;. that had under his obedience and ſubjeRion all that which lay berwixt the InD1#s , and the {ea of
us andSeleucus, LYRIA , wasin ſuchneed and poverty ; that forxwo Cities onely , he ſhould drive - his father in law
n from him , who had ſuſtained ſo'hard'and bitter change. Bot thereby he rightly confirmed Plato's
* ſaying : that he that will be rich indeed , muft indeavour himſelf not to increaſehis riches, but rather
Plato's avins £9 diminiſh his covetouſneſs, For he ſhall never be but a begger and needy , whoſe \covetous deſire
of dos. 5 hath noend. This notwithſtanding, Demerrix« yeelded not for fear , but provided to. repleniſh the Ci,
; | ties with good Garriſonsto keep thein againſt him : ſaying , that though he had been overcome ten
thouſand times more in battell , yer it ſhould never fink into his -head that he ſhould be contented,
and chink himſelf happy to buy Selexcx alliance - ſo dear, - On the other fide , being adyertiſed that
one Lachares having {pied opportunity when the ATHE N1 A Ns were:in civill wars one againſt the
other , and that he had overcome-rhem , and did ryrannically ufurp the government , he'then per-
ſwaded himſelf that hemight eafily win it again, 4f he cate thirher upon. the fuddain, ,Thereupon he
Demerrivn., olled the ſeas with a great fleet of ſhips, without any danger 2 bur he had ſuch a great ſtorm and
- pg. =: tempeſt ypon thecoaſt of ATT1ca, thatheloſt-rhe moſt parr-of his ſhips , and a,great number of
n. his men befides. But for himfelf- heſcaped , and bepanto make:a-lafle war wihthe ATEBENIANS,
Athenians, | x ha
Yet perceiving that he did no good there, bur lsft Hig'time , be ſem ome of his men to.gather a num,
ber of his ſhips again together , ahd the himſelf-in 'the mean time went mro PELOPONKE Sus, t0lay
ſiege to the City-of Mx 5 $1 Nx, Where his petfor was in graar'danger. For fighting hard by he
wall , he had ſuch a blow with 4 fart , that it hit him full inthe mouth , and ran through his
Notwithſtanding this, after' he washealed-of that wound, he into -his fubjection again cer-
tain Towns: that had' rebelled-#Sainft him. | Aſer-thar he returned again-into ATTIC A, and took
the Cities of ELzusrN', and'of Riia#wus : ant #hen \ſpoited:all-abe | x and,,ook a {hip
fraught with corn,and hung up'the'Metchant , 'that oughr-it , and chemaiter of the. ſhip. chat by
it : thereby 'to' rerrifie all orher Metchans, chat chey- ſhould be afraidto bring any ynare corn
a ther, and ſo to famifh the Ciry , by keeping them frotn all rhings neceſſary for their ſuſtenance, and
* Thi, OS. for happened. For' a bufhell-6f falt was Told at ATHaNS for *-fourty 4lverrachma's, anda
conn. buſhell of wheat for three* hundred Drachma's, Inthis extream neceffiry,, che AT Sz bad
" + but a ſhort joytor: the hundredian® fifty Galleys they faw near -umo A 6104, the which Prolony
ſent to aidthem ; for when-the#oiildiers that were in them ſaw that they /brought unio Demerriw
great number of ſhips our 'of P#1.0/pON NE 61s; out of Cy/Prus;, and diverſe athers-parts, whicht-
mounted in the whole*to'the nimiber '6f three hundred fail, they weighed their. Anchors , aud fiod
The Athenians preſemly, Then- Lachares forſook'the Civy.; anddecretly ſavedibimfclf. Now the ATHENIANS,
do yeeld untc© = Who before had cothmantled upon*pain of Yeath', that no maniſhould make any mation 10 the coun
Demers. ><, ro trearof any peace with Dematty5w', they-did! then upot Carkever Aying 3 prefently,open the
Gates next-unto Demetrius Camp,and'ſent Ambalſadours unto/bimnorkdpakingfor any; grace or Pur
Arare device bur becauſe neceſfity drave hint tot, During this ſo 'hatd-and\ftra;ghtifiege:,;there hell out many
of Epicure © wonderfull andftrange things ;\bur among{(orbers ,"this-one-is-of Tpeciglkiore. | Ir.iaacparted (ha; us
biege of febene, father and To firting intheir houſe, voide of all bope of [life , there felbaxkead-Rav before them from
rokeep bis _ thetop of the houſe , and that the father andthe ſon (ought -who :thould have :it:torat (Moreover,
ſcholarsalive thar atthe-ſelf 'ſame ſiege th&Philoſopher Epicway mannained»bimielf. and this: Scholirs, by ging
vich beans. xhema porrion' of Beans every day , bythe which they lived, "Mibdke GapighArgans voag
LY UUW wn on w% oY OW
bu
ee 14 Fg —
4 #7.
" Seng» - Pſi 27 x boar CY X
EO OV FA) of.
""_—_— E TR I US, 745
brought unto this extremity , Demetrius made bis entry into it , and gave commandment toall the
Citizens, that they ſhould aſſemble every man within the Theater : where he made them to be com-
paſſedin with armed Souldiers , and then placed all. his guard armed about the ſtage, Afterwards he
came down himſelf into the Theater , through high Galleries and entries by the which the common
players uſed ro come to play their parts in Tragedies , inſomuch as the ATHExN1 a xs -were then
worſe afraid then before : howbeit Demetrius prelently pacitied their fear,as ſoon as he began to ſpeak
unto them, For hedid-not faſhion his Oration with a baſty angry voice, neither did he uſe any ſharp
or bitter words : but onely after he had courteoully told them their faults and diſcourteſie towards Demetrius cles
him,he ſaid he forgave them, and that he would be their friend again : and furthermore , he cauſed ten mency unto =
millions of buſhels of wheat to be given unto them, and ſtabliſhed ſuch governours there, as the peg- *i< 4ihenianz,
ple miſliked not. of. Then Democles the Orator,ſeeing that the people gave our great ſhouts of joy in
the praiſe of Demerrixs , and that the Orators daily contented in the pulpit for Orations , who ſhould
exceed other in preferring new honours for Demetrixs , he cauſed an order to be made, that the havens
of,P1r us and MuNYCHIA ſhould be put out into Demerriz hands , to uſe at his pleaſure. This
being eftabliſhed by voices of the people, D:merrixs of his own private authority did place a greatGar-
riſon within the fort called Mus uw , becauſe the people ſhould rebel] no more againſt him , nor di-
vert him from-his other enterpriſes, Thus when he had taken ATHENS, he went to ſet upon the
LACEDAMONIANS. But Archidamus King of LactD&mON , came againſt him with a puiſſant P"*!rius q
Army , whom he diſcomfited in batrell ,- and put to flight , by the City of ManTiNnza, After that BT _
he invaded Lacon1a withall bis Army , and made an inrode to the City of Sear ta, where he monians,,
once again overthrew the LACEDAMONIANS in ſet battell , rook five hundred of them priſoners,
and flew two hundred : in ſo much as every man thought he might even then go to SearT a with-
out any danger to take it, the which had never yet. been taken afore by any, But there was never King
that had ſo often and ſuddain changes of fortone as Demetris , nor that in other affairs was ever ſo Demetrius va-
often litle-, and then great : {o ſuddenly down, and up again : ſo weak, and ftraight ſo ſtrong, And *i#b'e fortune.
therefore it is reported,thar in his great adverſities when fortune turned ſo contrary againſt him , he
was wont to cry out upon fortune , that which e/£/chylus ſpeaketh ina place :
X |. Thou ſeemeſs tohave begotten me, of purpoſe for to ſhow
. ..-_ -» Thy force im lifting of me up , me down again to throw,
Now again when his affairs proſpered {o well , and that he was likely to recover a good force and y,,,...:.. ..:
ingdom , news were brought him , firſt that Lyſmach had taken all his Towns from him , which woman =
he held-in As14' : and onthe other fide, that Prolomy had won from him all the Realm of Cy rus , :
the City of SALAMINA onely excepted , in the which he kept His mother and children very ſtraight-
iy befieged. This notwithſtanding, fortune played with him, as the-wicked woman eArchilogus ſpeak-®
ethof, who
4 | Dza in the one hand water ſhow ,
Andinthe other fire beſtow. ©
—
—_
For taking him-away , and as it were ) the City of SpaRT A alſo out of his hands by theſe dreadfull
news , eveniwhen he was certain to have won it , the -preſently oftered him hopes of other great and
new things ; by -this occaſion following, Atter the death of -Caſſander, Philip who was the eldeſt of
-all hisother ſons z and left hisheir nd ſuceeffor in the Kingdom of Mac tD0n , reigned no long time
vver the ' MACEDONIANS , but deceaſed foon ater his father was dead, The two other brethren
#lſo fel] ar grear variance and wars together: ſo thatthe one called entipatey ,. flew his own mother Great difſem-
Theſſalonics? and the other named Aletander , called in to aid him Demetrixs and Pyrrbws, the one 92 3nd ſtrife
pur of the' Realm''of Ey1Rus, and the other ourofPxLoponNesus. Pyrekys came firſt before oe the Reates
Dewetrins; and@ kept 6 great part of Ma'c2D0N\ for recompence of his pains ,” coming 10 aid'h + <p i
-uthis defire ::fothir he became'a dreadfull neighbour unto eLlexander bimelf, thar had ſent for him of Caſander.
Into-his Countrey; + Furthermore , when he was advertiſed that Demetrius did preſently upon the re- 4ntippter and
Leipr-of his leerers; ſer forward withalthis Army to come to aid him,the young / Prince Alexinder was £1cx4nder. the
ja rt ot — and _ = the'preat _ and —_— ro Demetrius. Sohewent _ mer
ing, arid Oreceived-bim at's place called DE10N there imbraced and welcdm- :Demerrius 3
him, ' But ithimediarly after | he told then chat his affairs were now in ſo good eftate, that ke dedadaies
rr te ahi his preſence to aid him, After theſe words the one began 16” Wiles berwixe
the other; So it chaticed-oneday , that as Demerrixs went t0 Alexanderslodging where Mlexender tad
Ai ſexſt-wis prepared , there<atme one to-him 40 tell him of an ambuſh thar was laid fot him), and Jroagzt
how they tad: determined to Kill him when he ſhould thinkto be m at the Banker. Bur De-
>wetring was-nething abaſhed at ;che news , and onely werit'@-lindle ſoftlier ,-not thaking Hoch haſt |
e& he'did before}; and inthe tnean time fent ro command bis Captains to arin theit men, and to
«Have *thein in readineſs : and witked his gendlemenand all the reſt of his officers that were about him
1{arhich wares number: by many-then thoſe of 4/exanders (ide ) every manof themto go in
-with them incothebell;and to tarry there till-he aroſe from the rable. ' By this means the men wht
| Mlexander bud appointed to-aflaulc him durfk not ;being afraid of the gre train he had brought with
*him. 'Furthertiidne ; 'Demerr5r faining rharHhe*was not well at ealc ar thar time jo make mertyrhe
immetintly -our of the tall, and the next thorning determined to depart ; making him tligve
- went:
«that he had*ceritinnews brought him of grearimportance : and prayed Alexader ro pardonBim,
und har 4#nother- time they would meet together, with berter leiſure and liberty. Alexander was
: _ 2 very
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very glad to ſee that Demetrius went his way out of MACE Dow not offended , but of his own
will ; whereupon he brought him into THEs SAL1Þ , and when they were come to the City of La«
R1SS 4 , they began again to feaſt one another , to intrap each other : the which offered Deme-
tris occaſion to have Alexander in his hand as be would wiſh himſelf. For Alexander of purpoſe
would not have his guard about him , fearing left thereby he ſhould teach Demerri»salſo to ſtand up-
on his guard, Thus Alexander turned bis praiſe for another, upon himſelf : and he was determin.
ed not to ſuffer Demetrius to ſcape bis hands , if he once again came within danger. 'So Alexander
being bidden to ſupper to Demerrivs , he came accordingly. Demetrizs riſing from the board
in the middeſft of | Lance » Alexanaer roſe alſo, being atraid of that ftrange manner, and followed
Demerrius kill him foot by foot to the very door. Then Demetrins (aid but to his Warders at the gate , Kill
_ on__ him that followeth me. With thoſe words he went out of the doors, and Alexander that followed
ſenler. ma bim was ſlain in the place , . and certain of his gentlemen with him which came to reſcue him : of the
which , one of them as they killed him faid , that Demerrixs bad prevented them but one day. Allthar
night ( as it is no other likely ) was tull of uproar and cumult, Howbeit, the next morning the Ma-
CEDONIANS being marvellouſly troubled and afraid of Demetrius great power , when they ſaw
that no man came to afſail them , but that Demerrixs in contrary manger ſent unto them to tell them
that he would ſpeak with them , and deliver them reaſon for that he had done : then they all began to
be bold again , and ay gave him audience, Now Demerrius needed not to uſe many words,
nor to make any long Orations , to win them unto him : for, becauſe they hated Antipater, asa
horrible manqueller and murtherer of his mother , and becauſe they had no better man to prefer,
: they eaſily choſe Demetrius King of MACEDON, and thereupon brought him back into Ma ct.
I. DON , to take poſſeilion of the Kingdom. This change was not miſliked of the other Ma c x00-
ends '® NIANS that xemained at homein their Countrey-, tor that they yer remembred the traiterous and
" wicked fat of Caſſander againſt Alexander the Great : for which cauſe they utterly*hated and de-
teſted all his iſſue and poſterity. And furthermore, if there were any ſpark of remembrance in their
hearts, of the bounty and goodneſs of their grandfather Antipater, Demetrius received the fruit and
benefic , tor his wife Phila's ſake z by whom he had a ſon that ſhould ſucceed him in the Kingdom,
and was a proper youth , in Camp with his father. Demerri«s having this great good hap and for-
tune come unto him , he received news alſo that Pro/omy had not onely raiſed his ſiege from the Ci-
'ty. of SALA MINA where he kept his mother and children ftraightly beſieged : but further , that he
| had done them great honour, and beſtowed great gifts upon them, On the other ſide alſo he was
Antiochus the advertiſed , that his daughter Stratonice, who had before beed married unto Selexcxs, was now married
Lon _ again unto Antiochus, the ſon of 'the ſaid Selexcns, and how that ſhe was crowned Queen of all
ein lay the barbarous Nations inhabiting in the high Proyinces of As1 a : and that it cameo paſs in thi
mother in law ! : :
Stratonice, = Mariner. It chanced that this young Prince Antiochas ( as love overcometh all men ) became in love
Erafiſtratus
Phyfician to
'$ELEUCHS>
ble
= cn
rich
g Prince
| eh love.
bare to. his ſon., he ventured one day to tell him , that his ſons ſickneſs was no ,other' but love,
and withall, thathis love was impoſſible to be enjoyed, and therefore that he muſt of neceſſity dir,
for it was incurable. Selexcxs was cold at the heart to hear theſe news: ſo he asked him, What
is he incurable? Yea, Sir , anſwered the Phyſitian , becauſe he is in love with my-wife, Then repli-
ed Selexcns again: Alas Eraſiſtratns, I have always loved thee as one of my friends , and
wouldeft thou not now do me this pleaſure , to. let, my ſon marry thy wife , fith thou knoweſt
. it well that I have no mo ſons but be ; and that I ſee he is bur caſt away , if thoubelp me nos?
But your grace would not do it your ſelf, ſaid Erafiftratss, if be were in love with Strarovice. O,
Tad Selewensto him again, that it were the will of the ſome god or man could turn his loye
that way ; for mine own part , I would not onely leave him the thing be loved, bur I would On?
»
JT WS 7
"DEMETRIVUS. 47
—_—
Kingdom -alſo to ſave bis life,” Then £raf/trarws ſeeingthar the King ſpake the word from hisheart
aid wich abundance of tears , = _ _ Tg _ ym = plainly your grace need.
#thinot ZErafftrats help in this. For' er , busband , 8 » Your elf alſo may onel
| al When Seleucus heard: that , he called an aſſembly of nr.
beche Phyſician, ro cure your ſons diſeaſe, |
people, and declared betore them all , that he was determined tg Crown his ſon Antiochus King of
the bigh Provinces of As14-, and Stratonice Queen, to marry them together; and that he was
perſwaded , that his ſon ( who had always ſhewed himſelf obedient to his fathers will ) would nor $eleucus love
diſobey him in rhis, marriage. And as for Styatonice, 1t ſhe milliked this marriage , and would not 92 Þis fon
conſent unto irbecauſe it wasno common niatter , then he prayed that his friends would perſwade ©
her , ſhe ſhould think all good and comely that {hould pleaſe the King : and withall that concerned
the generall benefir of the Realm and Common-wealth. Hereupon Antioch tind Stratonice were
married together. But now to return again to the huſtory of Demetrius. Demetrins came by the
Kingdom of MaceDpon and THzsSALY by this means as- you have heard ,/and did moreover
poſſeſs the beſt part of PEL0yONNESUs , and on this fide che freight, the Cities of MEGar Aa
and ATHENS, Furthermore he led his Army againſt the Boz Ot 14 ns, who were at the firſt wil-
ling to make peace with him, But after that Cleonymus King of SPARTA was come into the City of
THEBES with his Army , the Boz0T14NsS encouraged by the fair words and allurement of one
Pi/ie, born in the Ciry of TyzsP1s ( who atthattime bare all_the ſway and chief authority a-
mongfſt them ) they gave uptheir treaty of peace they had begun with Demerri»s , and determined to
make war. Thereupon Demetrius went to beliege the City of THEBES , and laid his engines of
| battery unto it -+ in-ſo much as Cleonymus for tear , ſole ſecreily out of the City, Thereupon the- The City of
Tf#$4Ns being alſo afraid , yeelded themſelves unto Demetrius mercy : who putting great Gat- i 09 ear
xrſons into the Cities, and os a great ſum of money of the Province , left them Fiero pyjeronymus the
dm; the Hiſtoriographer , his Lieutenant and governour there, - So it appeared that he ufed them Hiſtoriogra
very counteoully , and did them many pleaſures, and ſpecially unto P;fis. For when he had taken pher, Demerri-
him priſoner , he did him no hurt , but received him very courteouſly , and uſed him-well : and fur- # Eicxtenanc.
thermore ,. he made him Polemarchus ( to wit , Camp-maſter ) in the City of Taz s'Þ15s. Shortly
after theſe things were thus broughuto paſs , King Lyſimachns by chance was taken by another bar-
barous Prince, called Dromicheres. Thereupon Demerr+y5, to take ſuch a noble occaſion offered him,
— great Army to invade the Country of THRAc1 a , ſuppoſing he ſhould find no man to
Wi him ,-but that he might conquer it at his pleaſure. Howbeit, ſo ſoon as Demetrixs back
was turned , the BOzoT1AaNs revolted again from him , and therewithall news was brought him ,.
that Lyſimachus 'was delivered out of priſon, Then he returned back with all ſpeed , marvellouſly -
offended with the Boz0T 14s, whom he found already diſcomfited in bartell by his ſon Antigonsy,
and' went again to lay fiege to the City of TyzBEs , being the chief City of all that Province of
BS#07 14. Byt ar that preſent time, - Pyrrbas came and forraged all THzssAaLy , and entred even
to the ftraight of TuzxMO yttes, Therefore Demerrivs was conſtrained to leave his ſon to con-
tinge the fhege at Thz es , whilft he himſelf went againſt Pyrrbus , who ſuddenly returned again
Gato his Realm. So Demerrius left ren thouſand footmen, and a thouſand horſemen in Tut $ss ary
To defend rhe-Country , and returned with the reft of his Army to win THEBEs. Thereupon he
——— nn | be. wn of battery called Elepolis, againſt the wall , as = have heard before, the
which was forward by liitle and little , with great labour, by reaſon of the- weight and heavi-
neſsof it : ſo that'it could ſcant be driven forward -rwo furlongs in twoS#morferhs. But the Bot 0-
*T1ANS and the THE pans did valiantly defend themſelves: and Demetrias of a malicious mind and
defire of e(more oftner then needul, or to any purpoſe ) compelled his men to go to the af-
favk, and to hazatd themſelyes : ſo that there were daily a great number of them flain. Antigonys
this ſon perceiving it: Alas, ſaid he , why do we thus ſuffer our men to be ſlain and caft away to no
Porpoſe? Whetetore Demerrins gt anſwered him again : What needeft thou to care? Is there
7 rn 'to' be diſtributed to thoſe that are dead ? But notwithſtanding , becauſe men ſhould not *©,n
thuk he ftil meant to put others in danger, and durft not venture himſelf, he fought with them , til monthly diftri-
at length he was ſhot thr the neck with a ſharp Arrow-head, that was ſhot at him from the bured to the
71. f he fell very fick , but yet raiſed not his ſiege , nor removed his Camp, bur took ſouldiers 3s
City of Txzprs again by affault : the which being not long betore again repleniſhed with peo- thelr_ noges.
ple, was'in ten years ſpace twice wonand taken. Now he put the THEBANs i a marvellous fear,
"by his cruel threats he gave them _— into THEBEs ; ſo-that they looked to have received
the-cxtreamet. puniſhment the vanquiſhed could have,through the juſt wrath and anger of the conquer-
our. Howhbeir after Demetrius had put thirteen of them to death , and baniſhed ſome, he pardoned all
thereſt, About char time fell onr the celebration of the feaft called Pythia ; in the honour of 4polt :
-and becauſe the' £7 01.1 avs kept all the high-ways to bring them unto the Ciry of Dex ys, in the
-which of 'old4 fine they did uſe to celebrate rhoſe ſports aforelaid,he cauſed them to be kept and ſolem-
at ATY 8s, asin a place where this god-in reaſon ſhould be beſt honoured and reverenced,be-
e he'waypatronof «lic City, 'and for that the ATHEN1 a Ns maintained that! he was their proge-
Fromrhenethe'r into MACEDON, and knowing that it was againft bis nature to li
"idly , and in peace, and-{eging on the other fide alſo that the Myc zpoxians did him more ſervice,
, O, "anq were more obedjerit eh himi'in wars, and that intime of peace they g itious, full of vanity and
ren ie we ode Brod the ATOLIANS : and after he had ſpoiled and deſtroyed their
Countrey, heleft Parrancbys his Lieutenant there, with a grear * Army. Demetrius bimſelf
=% i» So ED
i -
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OE ERT
* BRTE.
-
-
went
—O—
—
748 DEMETRIVS.
went in the mean time with the reſt of his Army againſt Pyrrhws, and Pyrrbus alſo againſt him ; bur
Demerriur they miſſed of meeting each with other, Whereupon Demerrixs 1 further into the Realm of
journey againſt Epirus , the which he ſpoiled and. forraged. Pyrrbws on the other fide went on ſo far that
Pyrrbus, he met with Panrtaxchus, Demetrins Liutenant, with whom he fought a battell, and came to the ſword
with him: ſo that he did both hurt him,and was alſo hurt by him. Bur in the, end Pyrrhas had the upper
hand, put Pantauchxs to flight, and flew a great number of his men, and took five thouſand priſoners ;
the which was the chief overthrow of Demetrius. For Pyrrbus wan not the MAcEDONIANSsS ill will
ſo much for the miſchiefs and hurts'he had done unto them , as he got himſelf great fame and renown
with them , becauſe bimſelf alone had with his own hands done all the noble exploits of war in that
journey : for the which he was afterwards had in great eſtimation among the Ma c £DONIANs, Now
many of them began co ſay, that he was the onely King of all others , in whom the lively image of the
hardineſs and valiantneſs of eLlexasder the Great was to be ſeen : and that all the reſt ( bur ſpecially
Demetrius ) did but counterfeit his gravity and Princely countenance; like players upon a Stage, that
Demetrius in» Would counterfeit his countenance «> hay And to ſay truly, there was much fineneſs and curio-
Colency. ſity about Demerriw , to make him a playing ſtock.in common playes, For ſome ſay, that he did no
onely wear a great hat with his Diadem upon his head , and was apparelled in purple Gowns imbroi-
dered with gold ; but alſo that he did uſe to wear certain woollen ſhoes on his feet died in purple co-
lour, not woven,but faſhioned together like a felt,and guilt upon it, And furthermore, he had long be.
: fore cauſed a cloak to be made ot a maryellous rich and ſumptuous piece of work. For uponit was
Demetrius drawn the figure of the world, with ſtarsandcircles of heaven, the which was not ny finiſhed,
cos ann by the change of his fortune. Bur there was neyer King of Mac pox after him that url wear it;
of the world, albeit there were many proud and arrogant Kings that ſucceeded him, Now the MactDoOnians
and ftars, were not onely ſorry , and offended to ſee ſuch things as they were not wont to be acquainted withal ;
bur they much more miſliked his curious manner of lite , and ſpecially becauſe he was ill to come t
and worſe to be ſpoken with. For he gaveno audience, or if hedid , he was very rough, and w
ſharpely take them up that had to do with him. As, he kept the Ambaſſadours of the ATHENians
two years , and would givethem no anſwer : and yet made as though he loved them better then any *
other people of GREECE. Another time alſo he was offended , becauſe the LaczDamONnians
had ſent but one man onely Ambaſſadour unto him, taking it that they bad done it in deſpite of him,
EO And ſo did the Ambafſadour of the LaczDamONnians anſwer him very gallantly , after the Lac 0-
The plain an- xx x manner. For when Demetrixs asked him, how chanceth it that the La cxD&MoNIans do
_— of ſend bur one man unto me ? No more but one, ſaid he, O King, unto.one. On atime he came abroad
Sparts, unro More plainly and popular like, then he was wont to do : whereby he put the people in good hope that
Demetrius, they might the eafilier ſpeak withhim, and that he would more courteouſly hear their complaints,
'Thereupon many- came, and put up their humble ſupplications and bills of petition unto him,
He received them , and put them up in the lap of his cloak. The poor ſuiters were glad of that,
and waited upon him at his heels, hoping they ſhould quickly be diſpatched : but when he was upon
Axius fl, the bridge of the River of Axis , he opened his cloak , and caft them all into the River. This went
to the hearts of the Ma c£Don1ans , who then thought, they were. no more governed by a King,
but oppreſſed by a tyrant : and it grieved them ſo much the more , becauſe they did yet ;remember (ei-
ther for that had ſeen themſelves , _—_— ane _ forefathers ſay ) how Lngorpa King
: Philsp was in all ſuch marters, and how that one day as he paſſed through the ftreet, a poor old woman
Lady fern him by the Gaxwn,, and eftſoons humbly 'beſought him to.hear her , but he anſwered ber he
uns. # Jo was not then at leiſure. Whereupon the poor woman plainly cried out to him, Leave then to be King,
The bold This word ſo netled him, and he took ſuch a conceit of it, that. be returned himſelf to his pallace,
ſpeech ofs and ſettingall other matters apart , did nothing elſe many days but gave himſelf to hear all ſuits, and
OE © with downs
ng PR. for Mars ( as T imothens ſaith ) ſignifieth force, and is a tyrant : bur juſtice and law,according to Pix-
officeof a darus, is Queenof allthe world. Moreover the wiſe Poet Homer ſaich not that Princes ry"
King. have reccived the cuſtody of Engines, and of munition, neither alſo ſtrong and. mighty ſhips of 7#-
Demetrius cal- : : | | a
= - Poliorcetes, a Fort- . Thus the ill was taken for the good, and: vice preferred for vertve : be-
ledaF gamer W 0 23 ;
ms | ' turned his injuſtice to glory » and iniquity
angerous ſickneſs in
my and. page: would not ng with him (whom he ſhould hav
ration for "e ſometime there ) loſe the opportunity and w
bis Reals a. ined. For he hadno ſmall matters in his
gain, Ehad : and beſides , the preparation he made was no leſs ſufficient then the purpoſe 0
| rion required. Forhe had leavied and affembled an Army of fourſcore and eig thouſand toot-
well near twelve thouſand horſemen, and had belides gotten above
five hundred ſhips together , which were built part in the baven of Pinus , partrar CORINTH, part
$ an
:n the City of CHA LC15 , and part about PE&AL4a,. He himſelf in perſon went through thei Q
houſes, ind ſhewed the Artiticers:how they ſhould. make them, , and. did help to Pty gr
every man wondered not onely at. bis infinuce preparation ., bur at. the greatneſs and ſumptuouſneſs
of his works, For at that time there was no man living that ever fax. a Galley of. fificen or ſixteen
banks of Oars, Bur this is true, phat afterwards. Pto{emy, lunamgd P hilopatey , hui a Galley of fourty
banks of Oars , the which was two hundred and eighty cubits long , and from the Keel in height tro Protomy*s won=
the top of the Poop, fourry eight cubits.: and to Jogk 30 the tackle and guide, her, did require four hun. 9erfull Galley
dred Mariners, and four thouland watermen to row her , and beſides all that, the, cquld_'yet carry a- of teruty banks
hove the hatches, well near three thouſand fighting men. Howbeit this Galley never ſerved to other of Oats,
arpoſe bur for-ſhew , and was like to a bouſe. rhat never ſtirred ; and it was never, removed out of
lace where ie was built bur with marvellous ado, and great dangers, more to make men wonder az;
then for any ſervice or commodiry it could be imployed unco, Bur.now the beauty, of -Dewerrinus ſhips:
did nothing hindet their (wifmnels and goodneſs for tight , neither did the bugeneſs ,of.xþeir building.
take away theuſe'of rhem.,, but their iwiftnels and nuubleneſs deſerved more ,commendation , then
their ſumptuouſneſs and ſatelineſs. Thus as this great power and preparation was in hand , beins-
ſuch as never King before ( ſince the time of e/Alexaxder the Great) had aſſembled a greater to invade
AS1A., theſe three Kings, Patch Selenons, and Ly/rmachns, did all joyn together againſt him, And
afterwards alfo, they ſent Ambaſſadours unto P7rrhas inthe name of them all , ro draw himio heir 516%. 1inee
fide, alluring him to come into MACEDON , periwading him not to repoſe any truſt in the peace De-, 5; ng ms
rin had made with him, to make account of it as a good and {ure peace : for, they ſaid that D-me« my.and Lyfima-
14,44 did not give him pledge that he would never make war with him, but rather firft took oppor © conlpired
tuniry himfelt to' make war with whom he thought good. Pyrrhyu conſidering {a much ; and hnding againſt Demes
their words'true, there roſea tharp and cruel war 0n every {ide againſt Demetrixs,who tracted bim, —_
and ftayed yet ro begin. For: at one ſelf rime , Pro/omy with a great Fleet of ſhips came down into
Grescs , and made all Gx&zcE revolt from him: and Zyſmachys alſo on ThrAca's fide,
and Pyrrbas upon the borders of E p1Kus , confining with the Realm of Mactpox, they entred
wirh a' great Army , and ſpoiled and ſacked all as they went, -Thexeupon Demwetrizs leaving his ſon
Antigonus 1n Gr EEcCEt;; he returned with all potiible peed into Mac 5DON, to go firſt againſt Lyſi-
nachus. But as he was pteparing to go againſt him,news were brought him that Pyrrbus bad already
taken the Ciry of BxxRHOEA. + This news being blown abroad amongſt the Mac zpo xa xs, all
Demetrius doings were turned topic turvy. For all his Camp was ſtraight full,of tears and. complaints,
4nd his men began openly to ſhew their anger againſt him, ſpeaking all zbe ill they could of him,ſo that
would tarry no longer , but every one prayed leave to depart, pretending to look to their bu-
Tineſs af home, but in truth to go and yeeld themſelves unto; Ly/ſimachus. . Wherefore Demerrgus
thought it beſt for him to ger him as far from Lyſimachuz as hecould.,and to bendall bis Army againſt
Pyrrbas: becarffe the other was their Countreyman, and familiarly known among the moſt of them, for
har they had ſerved together under Alexander the Great , and that as he thought , the Mac zpo-
N14 Ns would not prefer- P yrrhuz a ſtranger betote him. But there his judgement failed him : for as
ſoon as Pyrrbus had pitched his Camp hard by him, the MactzDON1a Ns that hadever loved va-
liantneſs , and had of ancient rime eſteemed him worthier to be King that was the beſt ſouldier and ya-
lianteſt in the field ; and furthermore had heard the report of his great clemency and courteſie hehad
ſhewed to the ptiſoners he had taken : they having had good will of long time, ſought but good occa-
fion to forfike Demetriws , and to yeeld themſelves unto Pyrrhas , or to any other Prince whatſoever
hewere. Then they-ſecrerly began to ſteal away one after another , by ſmall companies at the firſt : bur
afterwards there roſe ſuch a general rumulr againſt: him throughour all che Camp,, that ſome of them
were ſo deſperare to go into his tent to bid himflie;, and ſave himſelf ; becauſe the MaczponiaNs
Were too weary with fighting for his- curioſity, - And yet Demetrixs found chele words more gentle
and modeſt, in'reſpett of the vile and cruel words which others gave him. So, he went into his cent, Demetrius Ar
and caſt a black cloak about his face, in ſtead'of his rich and ſtately cloak he was wone to wear , not ®? forlaketh
11 khan Dees like a common. player when the play is done ; and then ſecretly ſtole away, him and goerh
When this was known in the Camp , many. of his ſouldiers ran to his tent t9 rifle is , and every man to Pyrebus,
took ſuch hold'of it to have his part; that they tare itin pieces , and drew their! {words.to fight tor ic.
But Pyryb«s coming in the middeſt of che tumulr', pacified this ſtir, and- preſently, withour blow
given , wan all Demetrius Camp : and afterwards he divided the Realm of Maczpox with Ly{+
machns , in the which Demerrizs had quietly reigned the ſpace of ſeven years: :Now Demetrius
being thos miſerably overthrown , and turned our of his Realm, he fled unto the City of Cas s a x-
DRIA. There he found his wife" Phila, who took it marvellous heavily , and could not abide to
ſee him again 'a; private man, driven ont of his Kingdom , and the moſt miſerable King that ever
Was of all other. 'Wherefore intending no more to follow vain hope, and deteſting the fortune of 7;11,Demerri.
her twsband, ſhe being more conſtantin calamiry then in proſperity., killed her ſelf with poyſon ſhe *: wife poiſon-
took. Demerins went from thence into Grxt t cz, purpoling to together the reſt of his ſhip- <tÞ hier ſelt,
wracks : and there affernbled all his Captains and friends that he had, So it ſeemerh to me , che com-
pariſon Menelays tnakerh of his fortune , in one of. the Tragedies of Sophecles , in theſe verſes ;
My fate doth turn continually aboigt on Fortun's wheel , | |
Whoſg doxble dealing diverſe times enfir't 1 am to feel c : {oe --i
. -
*
—
DEMETRIVS.
Reſembling right the Moon, whoſe fate abideth at no ſtay-
a Nd, A. ether,but doth change in ſhape from day to day.
At firſt foe riſeth ſmall with horns ,, and as in age ſoe grows,
With oo checks and bigger tight a great face ſve ſhews.
Ani when ſve cometh to the full, and ſhineth fair and bright ,
Among the goodly gliſtering ſtars the goodlieſt in the night :
She fades and falls away again , and ws 4 counter-pace ,
| | - 1 - Until ſve have foregone the light, and figure of ber face. 2
\ This compariſon might (I ſay ) much berter be applied unto Demerrizs fortune , to his riſing and fal.
ling, and to his o—_ and relief again. . For when every man thought his force and power utter.
| ly-overthrown., then-began he to riſe again by repair of ſouldiers , which by little and little came un-
ro him, and ſtraight revived him with good hope, This was the firſt time that he was ever ſeen meanly
apparelled , like a private man up and down the Countrey, without ſome ſhew or tokens of a King,
And there was one that ſeeing him inthis eſtate at THz nt s, pleaſantly applied theſe verſes of Zur;-
des untohim ; © | | |
R_ is mi. o Of God immortal , now become 4 mortal Wight :
ur wes SY Itmenus banks and Dirces freams he haumeth in our fight. |
7 #PP'"c3*. Now when he 'began to have hope again , andwas ( as it were ) entred into the great high way
of Kings, and had gotten ſouldiers about him , which made a body -and ſhew of royall power , he re-
ſtored the ThE BAMs their liberty -and government again, But the ATHENIANS Once more re-
volted from him , and did revoke the dignity and Priefthood of Diphilus , who had been that year
created Prieſt of the ſaviours , inſtead of the Governour , which they called in old time Eponymos,as
we have told you before : and made alaw, that from thenceforth the ancient and common Gover-
nours of their Ciry ſhould be reſtored again to their ancient manner : and they ſent alſo into Ma-
CEDON unto King Pyrrbas ; rather to'terrifie Demetrius ( whom they ſaw begin to riſe again ) then
for any hope they had he would come and help them. Howbeit Demerrius came againſt them with
— great fury, and did ftraightly beſiege the Ciry' of AT#zns, Then'the ATHENIANS ſent Crates
Crates thePhi- the Philoſopher to him (a man of great eſtimation and authority.) who ſo handled him , partly by in-
as a ol treaty , and partly alſo through his wiſe perſwaſions and counlels he gave him for his profit, that
from Demerrias Demetrins preſently raiſed his ſiege.” Wherefore, after he had gathered together ſo many ſhips as
lege. | wereleft him, and had imbarked twelve thouſand footmen , and a ſmall number of horſemen, he pre-
' ſently took ſea, andTailed towards A514 , meaning 'to take the Provinces of Car14 and Lrvia
from Lyfimachus , and to make thenuto rebell againſt him. There Z axidice, ſiſter to Phila,received
him by the City-6f MiLETUM , having with her one of Prolomes daughters and hers , called Pro.
Demetrizemar- Jemeide ; the which bad been afore affianced ro him by Selexcxs means, So he married Prolomeide
piedProtomaide there, with the good will and conſent of her mother £xridice. After his marriage he preſently went
into the field again , and did-ſet forwards 'to win ſome Cities , whereof many willingly received
him, and others he took by force. - Amongſt them he took the Ciry of SarDv1s , whither . came di-
verſe Captains unto him of King Zyſmachms ,. who yeelded themſelyes , and t him a great
number of men - and much money beſides. But Demetrius receiving advertiſement that, Agathecles,
Lyſimachus fon, followed him with a great Army, he went thence into PHRYG1 a , Making account,
and alſo hoping , that if he could win ARMENIA , hemight eafily make MEeD1a -rebel , and chen
that he would ſee if he could conquerthe high Provinces of As14 , where he might have many places
of refuge , if fortune turned againſt him. Agarthocles followed him very near , and yet skirmiſh-
ing divers times with him, Demetri«s alway had the. better : howbeit Agathocles did cut off his vi-
Ruals from him every way , and kept him at ſuch a ſtraight, that his men durſt no more ftray from
the Camp to forrage : wherefore ſuſtained great want of viRuals, and then began his men tq
Demetrius beafraid , and to miſtruſt that he would make them follow him into AkxMENni1a and MEDia. The
troubles in faminedaily increaſed more and more in his Army , and it chanced beſides , that miſfing his way , and
Aþe, failing to gage the foord well as he paſſed over the River of Lycx , the fury and force of the River
carried his men down the ſtream-, and drowned a great number of them : and yet notwithſtanding
theſe great troubles , they mocked him beſides. For 'one wrote at. the entry and coming in to his
tent , the firſt verſe of the Tragedy of Oedipus COLO N1AN , written by Sophocles , changing onely
ſome word :
T hog imp of 01d and blind Antigonus
To What a point haſt thou now carried wa?
But in the end; the plague began alſo in the middeſt -of chis famine ( a common thing , and almoſt a
Plague , by i11 matter of neceſſiry it ſhould: be ſo } becauſe that men being driven ro need and neceſſity, do frame
mer, . therſelves to car all that comes to hand : whereupon: he was driven to bring back thoſe few men
. that remained , having loſt of all ſorts( good and bad ) not ſo few as cight fully cold. When
' hecame into the Provinceof Tar$us zhe commanded his men-in no'caſe.co meddle with any thing,
becauſe the Country-was''ſubje&t unto King Selexcas , whomhe would in no wile diſpleaſe, But
FOE when-he ſaw it was impoſlible ro-ſtay his men: being now brought 69 ſuch extremity and need, and
49 rim %- that Agathocles had bard up the ftreights nd pes of mount Tarn: againſt him, he wrote 2
: +....,7 letter unto Selevcns, firſt declaring his miſerable tae and hard fortune : and. then. preſenting bis
| humble petition and requeſt uno bin, prayed him to take-piry upon his friend , whom ſpicetull
Kee
fortune had thrown into ſuch miſery , that could nor but move his: greateſt enemies
to
\
-
437 * +
-*y — ED
_—
DEMET 7 £ = 751
to have compaſſion of him, Theſe Letters ſomewhat ſoftned Selecus heart, infomuch that he
wrote to his Governours and Lieutenants of ttioſe parts, to furniſh Demerris perſori with all things
needfull for a Princes houſe and Victuals ſufficient to maincain his men. But one Patrocles, a grave wile Patrecles ſtir-
man counted, and Selexcss faithfull friend alſo,came to tell him,tbat the charge to.entertain Demetrius ethup Seleucus
Souldiers, was not the greateſt fault he made therein, and moſt to be accounted of : but that he did *g*inſt Deme-
not wiſely look into his Afffairs, to ſuffer Demetrius to remain in his Countrey, conſidering that
he had alway been a more fierce and venttzrous Prince then any other, to enterpriſe any matters of
great importance , and now he was brought to ſuch deſpair and extremity, that he had framed his
men which were but rank cowards, (contrary to theit nature) to be moſt deſperate and hardy in
greateſt dangers. Seleucus being moved with theſe. perſwaſions , preſently took his journey into
Crt1cta with a great Army, Demerrix: being aſtoniſhed with this ſudden change, and dreading
fo great an Army, got himto the ſtrongeſt places of Mount Taxrus, Then he ſent unto Seleucus,
firſt of all to pray him to ſuffer him to conquer certain barbarous Yeople thereabouts; who lived
according to their own Laws, and never had King : to the end that he might yet there with ſatery
end the reſt of his life and exile, ſtaying at length in ſome place where he might be ſafe. Secondly;
if that liked him nor, then that it would yet pleaſe himto Victuall bis men for the Winter time onely,
in the ſame place where they were, and not to be {o hard-hearted unto him as to drive him thence,
lacking all needfull things, and ſo to pur him into the mouth of his moſt cruell and mortall Enemies.
But Seleucus miſtruſting his demand, ſent unto him that he ſhould Winter if he thought good, two
Moneths, but no more, in the Countrey of Cato Na, fo he gave him: the chiefeſt of his friends
for Hoſtages : howbeic inthe mean time he ſtopped up all the ways and paſſages going from thence
into SYR1a. Demetrizs now ſeeing himſelf kept in of all fides, like a Beaſt to be taken in the
toyl, he was driven to truſt to his own ſtrength, Thereupon he over-ran the Countrey there-
abouts, and ſo often as it was his chance to have any Skirmiſh or Conflict with Selexcas, he had ever
the better of him : and ſometime alſo when they drave the armed Carts with Sithes againſt him, he
overcame them, and put the reſtto flight. Then he drave them away that kept the top of the Moun-
tains, and bad barred the paſſages to keep him that he ſhould not go into SYR14, and ſo kepr
them himſelf. In fine, finding his mens hearts lift up again, and pretily enc . hisheart al-
ſo grew ſo big, that he determined to fight a Battle with Seleucs, and to ſer all at fixand ſeven,
So that Selexcx was at a ſtraight with himſelf, and wiſt not what to do. For he returned back
the- aid which Lyſmachus ſent unto him, becauſe he was afraid of him, and miſtruſted him. On the negeras men
other ſide alſo he durſt not fight with Demetrius alone, being afraid to venture himſelf with a deſperate are ;- ro be
man : and alſo miſtruſting much his unconſtant forrune, the which having brought him to great ex- fought wich.
— raiſed him up again to great proſperity. But in the mean ſpace Demerrins fell into a
great ſickneſs, the which brought his body very weak and low, and had almoſt utterly overthrown
his Affairs. For his Souldiers, ſome of them yielded themſelves to his Enemies, and others ſtole
away without leave, and went where they liſted. Afterwards when he had hardly recovered his
healch, and within forty days ſpace was pretily grown to ſtrength again, with thoſe few Souldiers
that remained with him, he ſeemed to his Enemies, that he would go and invade Cit1cta : but
then ſuddenly in the night without ſounding any Trumpet , he removed his Camp, and went a-
nother way and having paſſed over .Mount Amanus, he ſpoiled -the Countrey under it, as far as
the Region of CYKkRESTACA. But Selexcxs followed him, and camped hard by him. There- Anne Mons,
upon Demetrins ſuddenly armed his men, and went out by night to affault Selexcxs, and to take Demetrius de-
him ficeping when hemifiruſted nothing, So that Selexcus knew nothing of his ſtealing on him, but ſpairiog of his
fate enough, untill that certain Traitors of Demerrixs Camp that fled before , went quickly to good ſucceſs,
advertiſe Ni, tinding him afleep, and brought him news of the danger be was in: Then Seleucas —_— _
in a mazeand fear withall got up, and ſounded the Alarm : and as he was putting on his hoſe and MR
making him ready, he cried out (ſpeaking to his friends and familiars about him) We have now a :
cruell and ous beaſt to deal with, Demetrixs on the other ſide perceiving by the great ſtir and
noiſe he heard in the Enemies Camp, that his enterpriſe was diſcovered, he rerired again with ſpeed,
and the next morning by break of day, Selexcxs went and offered him Battle. Demetrius prepa-
red himſelf to joyn with him, and having given one of his faithfull friends the leading of one of the
Wings of his Army, himſelf led the other, and overthrew ſome of his Enemies on his ſide. But
Selexcus inthe midit of the Battle lighted from his Horſe, and taking his Helmet from his head, he
rook a Target on his arm, and went to the firſt Ranks of his Army, to make himſelf known un-
to Demetrius men : perſwading them to yield themſelves unto him, and to acknowledge in the end, :
that he had ſo long time deferred to give them Battle, rather ro fave them , then to ſpare Demerri-
Ks. Demetrius Souldiers hearing him fay ſo, they did him humble reverence, and acknowledging
him for their King, they all yielded unto him. Demerrius having ſundry times before proved ſo mi- Demetrius
ny changes and overthrows of fortune, thinking yet to eſcape this laſt alſo; and to paſs it over, Army forſook
he fl:d unto-the Gates Amanides, which are- certain Straights of the Niount Amanus. There he hi”, and vield-
found. cerrain little thick Groves, where he determined to ftay all night with certain Gentlemen of © —
bis houſe, and a few other of his houſhold Servants and Officers which had followed him : meaning, Demerja, 8;<
if be could poſſible, to take his way towards the City of Caunus, to 80 to that Sea Coaft, hoping eth from Se.
to hear of his Ships there. But when it was told hum, he had ng Vitals nor Proviſion left but {cucus.
onely to ſerve him that day, he began then to deviſe ſome other way. At length one of his tamiliar
friends Sofigenes came unto him, that had four —— abour him in bis Girdle.
50
” - ou a a _— 4 . Fa
4 : _- wn .
i $ 4% BYY a” - P -
. *
_
pow. 1
DEMETRIUS.
-
Demetrius yiel-
deth himſelf
unto Scleucus.
- ſhould find him his very good
Demetrius kept
as priſoner in
Syrie by Seleu»
6K,
The naturall
love of Anti-
_—_ to his
her Deme-
at
Tr3as,
Demetrius
rurned his cap-
tivity into
pleaſure.
'So hoping that with the fame Money he might fly ro the Sea, they took their way by night direly
to the top of the Mountain, But when they perceived that the Enemies kept Watch there, and that
there were great ſtore of fires hard by them, they then deſpaired to pals any further , left they ſhould
be ſeen, So-they turned to the ſelf ſame place from whence they came, not all of them, ter ſome
of them fled: neither had they that remained alſo any life in them, as before, So one among the
reſt took upon him to ſay, that there was no. other way to eſcape, but to put Demetrius into Se-
lexcas hands, Demetrixs therewithall drew out his Sword, and would have (lain himſelf ; but his
friends about him would not ſuffer him, but perſwaded him to yield himſelf unto Selexcus, There-
upon he ſent unto Selexcxs, to tell him that he yielded himfelf unto him. Selewcxs was ſo joyfull
of the news, that he ſaid, it was not Demetrixs good fortune that ſaved him, but his own :; who
beſides many other happy good turns ſhe had done him, gave him yer ſo honourable occaſion and
ood hap, as to make the world to know his cl and courtefie. Thereupon immediately he cal.
ſed for the Officers of hishouſhold, and commanded them to ſer up his richeſt Pavillion, and to prepare
all chings meet to receive him honourably. There was one Apollonides a Gentleman in Selexcus Court,
who ſometime had been very familiar with Demerrius: him Selexcxs ſent immediately unto Demetrius,
to will him co be of good cheer, and not to be afraid to come unto the King his Maſter, for he
friend. So ſoon as the Kings pleaſure was known, a few of his Cour.
tiers went atthe firſt to meet him : but afterwards, every man ſtrived who ſhould go meet him firſt,
becauſe they were all in hope that he ſhould preſently be much made of, and grow in credit with Se.
leucus, But hereby they turned Selewcus pitty imtoenvy \, and gave occaſion alſo to Demetrins Ene-
mics and ſpightfull men, to turnthe RY nature from him, For they put into his head
many doubts and dangers, ſaying, that certainly ſo ſoon as the Souldiers ſaw him there would grow
great ſtir and _ their Camp. And therefore ſhortly after that Apolionides was come unto
Demetrius, being glad to bring him theſe good news, and as others alſo followed him one after
another, bringing him ſome good news from Selexcxs : and that Demetrizs himſelf after ſo great
an overthrow (although that before he thought it a ſhamefull 'part of him to have yielded his body
ito his Enemies bands) changed bis mind at that time, — then to grow bold, and to have
good hope to. recover his ſtate again : behold there came one of Selexcus Caprains called Pauſari-
4, accompanied with a thouſand Footmen and Horſemen inall, who compaſſed in Demetrius with
them, and madethe reſt depart that were come unto him before , having charge given him not to bring
him to the Court, but to convey him into CyHzrRONESUS of SYRIA , Whither be was broughs
and ever after had a ſtrong Garriſon about him to keep him, But otherwiſe, Selewcus ſent him
Officers, Money, and all things elſe mect for a Princes houſe : and his ordinary Fare was (odelicate,
that he could with for no more then he had. And furthermore, he had places of liberty and pleaſure
appointed him, both to ride his Horſe in, and alſo pleaſant Walks, and goodly Arbours to walk or
fit in, and fine Parks full of Beaſts where he might hunt : moreover, the King ſuftered his own houſ-
hold Servants that followed him when he fled, to 'remain with him if they would. And further-
more, there daily came ſome one or other unto him from Selexcxs, to comfort him, and to put him
in hope, that as ſoon as Antiochur and Stratonice were come, they would make ſome good agree-
ment and peace between them, Demetrixs remaining in this tate, wrote unto his Son Antigonus, and
to his friends and Lieutenants which he bad at CoxinTH and ATaHeNs, that they d give n0
credit to any Letters written in his Name, though bis Seal were to them : but that they ſhould keep.
'the Towns they had in charge for his, and likewiſe all che reſt of his Forces, as if himſelf were
dead. When ;g0n48 heard the pifull captivity of his Father he marvellous gri took his
bard fortune, wearing blacks for ſorrow, and wrote unto all the other Kings , but unto Seleucss
ſpecially, beſceching him to take him as a pledge for his Father, and chat he was ready to yield up
all that he kept, to have his Fathers liberty. The like requeſt did many Cities makeunto him, and in
manner all Princes, but Lyſimachus : who promiſed Seleucus a great ſum of Moneyto put Demetrius
to death, Burt Seleucxs, who of long time had nogreat fancy to Lyſcazachus, but rather utterly de-
ſpiſed him, did then think him the more cruell and barbarous, for this vile and wicked requeſt he
made unto him, Wherefore he ſtilldelayed time, becauſe he would have Demerrias delivered by his
Son Antiochus and Stratonices means, for that Demetrius ſhould be bound to them for his de-
livery, and forever ſhould acknow itto them, Now for Demetrius, as he fromthe beginning
ently took his hard fortune, ſo did he daily more and more forget the miſeryhe was in. For
firſt of all, he gave himſelfto riding and hunting, as far as the place gave him liberty. Then by
little and little he grew to be very groſs, andto give over ſuch paſtimes, and therewithall be fell
unto drunkenneſs and dicing : ſo that in that ſort he paſſed ws m—_ of his time (25 it
ſhould ſeem ) either ro avoid the grievous thoughts of his fortune , which came into his
mind when he was ſober; or elſe under colour of drunkenneſs and eating , Shadow the thoughts
he had: or elſe finding in himſelf that it. was that manner of life he had long deſired, and char
chrough his vain ambition and' folly till that time he could never atram unto ; turmoy-
Cy Cn others, ſuppoſing ro find in Wars, by Sea and Land , the felicity
delight which hehad found in eaſe and idleneſs,, when he neizher thought of it , nor looked
for it. For what better endcan evil -and unadviſed and Princes Jook for, of all their trou-
bles, , and Wars? who indeed deceive greatly, not onely for that they fol-
low their pleaſure and delights as cheir ehicfeſt felicicy; inftead of vertue and life : bur alſo,
becauſe that in 4wuthchey cannot 'be merry and cake cheir pleaſure as chey would. So Demerrws
after
DEMETRIUS
75
after he had been ſhut up in CHERRONE SAS three years together, by eaſe, groſſneſs, and drunken-
neſs, fell ſick of a diſcaſe whereof he died; when he was four and fifty years old. Therefore was Se-
The death of
lexcus greatly blamed, and he himſelfalſo did m repenthim-that he ſo ſuſpeRed him as he did, and Prmemin in
that he followed not Dromichetes courteſie, a barbarous man born in THRAc14, whohad ſoroyally
and courteoully intreated Lyſimechs, whom he had taken priſoner in the Wars; Bur yer there was
ſome Tragical Pomp in the order of his Funeral. For his Sen Antigonus underſtanding that they
brought him the aſhes of his Body, he took Sea with all his Ships, and went to meet them, to receive
themin the Iſles : and when he had received them, he ſer up the Funeral Por of Gold (in the which were
his embers) upon the poop of his Admiral Galley, So all the Cities and Towns' whereby they paſſed
or harboured, ſome of them did put Garlands of Flowers about the Por, others alſo ſent a number of
men thither in mourning Apparel, to accortpany and honour the convoy, to the very Solemnity of his
Funerals. 1n this ſort ſailed all the whole Fleet towards the City of Cox1 TH, the Potbeing plainly
ſeen far off, ſtanding on the top of the Admiral Galley : all the place about it being banged with Pur-
ple ; and overit, the Diadem or Royal Band, andabout it, alſo were goodly young men armed, which
were as Penſiotiefs0. Demetrius. Furthermore, Xenophantus the famouſeſt Muſician in that time,
p ſet hard by it, played a ſweet and lamentable Song on the Flute, wherewith all the Oars keep-
Rroke and meaſure, the ſound did meer with a gallant grace, as in a convoy where the Mourners
do knock their breafts at the foot of every Verſe. But that which moſt made the People of Corxtwnt #
to weep and lament,-whichran to the Pier, and all alongſt the ſhore fide to ſee ir, was Antigonus,
whom they ſawall beblubbered with tears, apparelled as a Mourner in Blacks. Now after they had
ht 4 wonderfull number of Garlands and Noſegays, and caſt them upon the Funeral Pot, and had
ſolemnized all the honours poſſible for the Funerals at Co x 1nTH, Antigonus carried away the Por
- tobury it inthe City of Dzxetarape, the which bare the Name of Demetrius that was dead, and
wes 7 new City, that had been repleniſhed with People, and built of lictle Towns which are about Io -
cos. Demetriaxs left two Children by his firſt Wife Phila, ro wir, Anrtigonus and Stratonice: and
two'other Sons, both of them named Demerrins, the one firnamed the lean, of a Woman of Ir v-
R14, and the other, King ofthe CYkEN1aNs, of his Wife Prolemeide : and another by Deidamia
called Alexander -wholived in £6 y yr. And it isreported alſo, that he had another Son called Cor-
rhebus, by bis Wife Exridice, and that his Poſterity reigned by Succeſſion from the Father tothe Son,
untill the time of Perſeus : who was the laſt King of Mactvon, whom the Roma ws overcame by
Panlus e/Emylius, and wan all the Realm of MActDo N unto the Empire of Rome, Now that the
MACEDONIAN hagh played his part, give the Roma Ns alſoleave to come upon the Stage,
The end of the Life of Demetrius.
Cherronc(us.
The Funerals
of Demetrius,
Xenophantus a
famous Muſici-
an,
Demetrius
lteriry. &y
Perſeus, the
laſt King of
Macedon came
of the Polterity
of Demetrius.
THE LIFE OF
MARCUS ANTONIVS. ©
Amn. Mund, Ant. Chriſt,
390T, ; 47.
Antizonu Pa. YESRREE AT ONTO Grandfather was that famous Orator whom Marius ſlew becauſe
rentage, CARS IYEEAS he took Syla's part. His Father was another Antonius ſirnamed * CrEr av,
tn. Jj who wasnot ſo famous, nor bare any great ſway in the Commowealth': how-
pg ; beit otherwiſe he was an honeſt man, and of a very good nature, and ſpecially
by his death
OED S very liberal in giving, as appeareth by an A& he did. He was not very wealthy,
he ended the XC
War which he EF ATA Ge and therefore his Wife would not let him uſe his liberality and frank nature,One
— NE —_ day a friend of his coming to him to pray him to help him to ſome Money, ha-
i _ ne = Mr =S& ying great need, Antonius by chance had no Money to give him, but he com-
The liberaliry Manded one of his men to bring him ſome water in a Silver Baſon ; and after he had brought it him,
of Antonizs he waſhed his beard as though he meant to have ſhaven it, and then found an errand for his man to ſend
Fatker, him out, and gave his friend the Silver Baſon, and bad him get him Money with that. Shortly after,
there wasa great ſtir in the houſe among the Servants, ſeeking out of this Silver Baſon, Inſomuch as
Antonius ſeeing his Wife marvellouſly offended for it, and that ſhe would examine all her Servants, one
after another about it, to know what was become of it, at length he confeſſed he had given it away,
Fulia the Mo. prayed her to be contented. His Wife was Julia, of the noble houſe and Family of ?ulius Ceſar : who
ther of Marcy; for ber vertue and chaſtity, was to be compared with the nobleſt Lady of her time, Marcus Antonins
Antonius. was brought up under her, being married after her firſt Husbands death, unto (ornelins Lentulus,
whom Cicero put to death with Cerhegus and others, for that he was of arilines conſpiracy againſt the
Commonwealth. And this ſeemeth to be the Original cauſe and beginning of the cruel and mortal hate
Antonius bare unto Cicero, For Antonius ſelf Gith, that he would never give him the Body of his
Father-in-law to bury him, before his Mother went firſt to entreat Cicero's Wife : the which un-
doubtedly was a flat lie. For Cicero denied burial to none of them whom he executed by law. Now
eAntonius being a fair young man , and in the prime of his youth, he fell acquainted with C#-
r:0, whoſe friendſhip and acquaintance (as it is reported ) was a plague unto him, For he was 2
difſolute man, given over to all luſt and infolency, who to have Antonixs the better at his com-
mandment, trained him on into great follies, and vain expences upon Women, in rioting and ban-
queting : ſo that in ſhort time, he brought Antonius into a marvellous great debt, and too great
for one of his years , of two hundred and fifry Talents , for all which ſum Cyrio was
his Surety. His Father hearing of ic , did put his Son from him , and forbad him his houſe.
Then he fell in with Clodins, one of the deſperateſt and moſt wicked Tribunes at that _ in
OME
Antonius cor»
repted by Cu-
r10.
of
L
£ a 1 —**
cats 40d 4 | nit "* |
: \
ANTONTITVUS. | 755
Rowe: Hiin he followed for a time ,in his deſperate attempts, who bred great ſtir and miſchief
in ROME : bur at length he forſook him, being weary of his raſhneſs and folly , or elſe for that
he was afraid of them that were bent againſt {! logins, Thereupon he left ITALY , and went into
GREECE , and there beſtowed the moſt part of his time , ſometime in Wars, and other while in
the ſtudy of El ce, He uſed a manner of phraſe in his ſpeech, called Aftatick, which carried Antonizs uſed
the beſt grace and eſtimation at thar time , and was much like to his manners and life : for it was full of #" his _—_
oftentation , fooliſh bravery , and vain ambition. After he had remained there ſome time , G ab;- = = arick
ins Pro-Conſul going into SYRIA perſwaded him to go withhim ; Antonin: told bim be woulg EG
not go as a private man : wherefore Gabinius gave him charge of his Horſemen , and ſo took him Antotivt has
with him. $0, firſt of all he ſent him againſt A4riftobulas , who had made the Jz vv s to rebel, and charge of =
was the firſt man himſelf that got up to the Wall of a Caſtle of his, and ſo drave Ariftobulxs out of —— _—_
all his holds : and with thoſe few men he had with him, he overcame all the J=vvs in ſer Bartel , " —# 2770
which were many againſt one , and put all of them almoſt to the Sword ; and furthermore , took going into
Ariſtobulus himſelt priſoner with his Son. Afterwards Prolomy King of AG y PT, that had been Syris.
driven out of his Countrey, went unto Gab5nixs to entreat him to-go with his Army with him into ——_—
£&6GyPr, to put him again into his Kingdom : and promiſed him if he would go with him , ten j%j"* 49%
thouſand Talents, The moſt part of the Captains t 13 not beſt to go thither, and Gabinius Antinizitook
himſelf made it dainty to enter into this War , although the covetouſneſs of theſe ten thouſand Ta- Ariſtobulus
lenrs ſtuck ſorely with him. But Antonius that ſought but for year” oy bars good octaſion to at Priſoner.
rempt great enterpriſes, and that deſired alſo to gratifie Prolomies requeſt, he went about to perſwade
Gabinins to-go this Voyage. Now they were more afraid of the way they ſhould go, to come to the
City of PzLus1um , then they feared any danger of the War befides : becauſe they wereto paſs
through deep ſands and deſert places, where was no freſh water to be had all the Mariſhes through,
which are called the Mariſhes Serbonides, which the «Ac y yT1A Ns call the Exhalations or Fume, by
the which the Giant 7 yphon: breathed, But in truth it appeareth to be the overflowing of the red
Sea, which breaketh out under the ground in that place where it is divided in the narroweſt place fromi
the Sea on this ſide. Antonius was ſent before into £6 y »T with his Horſemen, who did not onely " ""H"ITOY
win that paſſage, but alſo took the City of Pt LUSIUM (mo is a great City ) with all the Souldiers ;, Aeypr un-
in it : and thereby he cleared the way , and made it ſafe for all the reſt of the Army, and the hope of der Gabinizs,
the ViRory alſo certain for his Captain. Now did the Enemies themſelves feel the fruits of 4--
ronixs courteſie , and the deſire he had to win honour : for when Prolomy ( after he had entered
into the City of PzLus1um ) for the malice he bare unto the City , would have put all the &6 y y-
TIANS initto the Sword, Antonius withſtood him, and by no means would ſuffer him to do it. And
in all other great Battels and skirmiſhes which they tought, being many in number, 4nronixs did ma-
ny noble Acts of a valiant and wiſe Captain : but ſpecially in one Bartel , where he compaſſed in the
Enemies behind , giving them the ViRory that fought in front , whereby he afterwards had ſuch
honourable reward , as his valiantneſs deſerved. So was his great courteſie alſo much commen-
ded of all, the which he ſhewed unto Archelaxs : for having been his very friend , he made War 4ntonixs cours
with bim againſt his will while be lived , but after his death he fought for his Body, and gave it ho. **fie unto Ar-
nourable buriall. For theſe reſpe&ts he wan himſelf great fame of them of ArzxanDrria, and ye
he was alſo thought a worthy man of all the Souldiers in the Roma ns Camp, But beſides all *
this , he had a noble preſence , and ſhewed a countenance of, one of a noble houſe : he had a good-
ly thick beard , a broad forehead , crooked noſed, and there appeared ſuch a manly look in his
countenance , asis commonly ſeen in Hercules Pictures, ſtamped or graved in Mettall. Now it had eats Bb
been a ſpeech of old time, that the Family of the Antonij were deſcended from one Anton the Son of ;ng —— __y
Hercules , whereof the Family took Name. This Opinion did Antonius ſeek to confirme in all his ;
doings : not onely reſembling him in the likeneſs of his Body , as we have ſaid before, but alſo in The houſe of
the wearing of his Garments. For when he would openly ſhew himſelf abroad before many Peg... *he Antoniides
ple, he would alwaies wear his Cafſock girt down low upon his hippes , with a great Sword hang. mos from
ing by his ſide, and upon that , ſome ill-favoured Cloak. Furthermore, things that ſeem intol- AutonithT the:
lerable inother men , as to boaſt commonly , to jeſt with one or other, todrink like a good fel. rality, ,
low with every body , to fit with the Souldiers when they dine, and to cat and drink with them
ſouldier-like, it is incredible what wonderfull love it wan him amongſt them. And further-
more, weing given to love, that made him the more deſired , and by that means he brought ma-
ny to love him. For he would further every mans love, and alſo would not be angry that men
ſhould merrily tell him of thoſe he loved. Bur beſides all this , that which moſt procured his ri-
ling and advancement, was his liberality , who gave all to the Souldiers, and kept nothing for
himſelf : and when he was grown to great credit, then was his Awthority and Power alſo very
great, the which notwithſtanding himſelf did overthrow by a thouſand other faults he had. In
is place I will ſhew you one example onely of his wonderfull liberality, He commanded one day
bis Cofferer that kept his Money, to give a friend of his five and twenty Myriades, which the Ro-
MANS Call in their _ Decies. His Cofterer marvelling at it, and being angry withal in
his mind, brought him all this Money in a beap together, to thew him what a marvellous Maſs
of Money it was. Amonius ſeeing it as he went by , asked what it was ; the Cofferer antwered
him, It was the Money he willed him to give unto his friend. Then Antonixs perceiving the ſpite
of his man, I thought ( ſaid he) that Decies had been a greater Sum of Money then it is, for
this is but a trifle : and therefore he gave his friend as _ more another time, but that was afterwards.
Sſ1 3 | Now
q | Cs
A 6 HY »- £4 $Þ Wk -
* ? _ —_— A x :
o . . p n 4% . OP Tg © #
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ite ED
756 ANTONIVUGS.
Now the ROMANS tmaintaining two fattions at ROME at thattime, one againſt the other, of the
which, they that cook part with the Senate did joyn with Pompey being then in Roms : and the
contrary ſide taking part with the People, ſent for {2/ar to aid chem, who made Wars in Gaur. ;
then Curio, Antonizs friend, that had changed his Garments, and: arthat time rovk part with Ce-
ſar, whoſe Enemy he had bref before, he wan eAntomim ; and ſo handled: the: thatter, partly
through the great credic and ſway he bare amongſt the People, by reaſon of. his Eloquent Tongue,
had and partly alſo by his exceeding expence of Money: he made which Ceſar gave him : chat Antonius
bune of the Was choſen Tribune, and afterwards made Augure. Bur this was' a great help and furtherance to
People, and Ceſar's praiſes, For ſo ſoon as Antonins became Tribune, he did oppoſe himſelf againſt thole
Avgure. things which the Conſull Marcellus preferred (who ordained that certain Legions which had been
already levied and billed, ſhould be given unto Cxens Pompey, with further Commaillion and autho.
rity to legy others unto them) and ſer down an Order, that the ſouldiers which. were already le-
vied and aifembled, ſhould be ſentinto Syr1a for anew ſupply unto Marcus Bibulns, who made
War atthat time againſt the PagTHIans. And further, gave a prohibition that ' Pompey ſhould
levy no more men, and alſo that the Souldiers ſhould not obey him, - Secondly , where Pompey's
: friends and followers would not ſufter Ceſar's Letters to be received, and openly read in the Senate,
ho Caſe AG Jntonius having power and warrant by his Perſon, through the holineſs of his Tribuneſhip, did
; read chem openly, and made divers men change their minds : for it appeared to them 'that C</ar
by his Letters required_no unreaſonable matters. Ar length, when they preferred-two matters of
conſideration unto the Senate , whether they thought good that Pompey or {ſer ſhould leave
their Army, there were few of the Senators that thought it meet Pompey ſhould leave his Army,
but they all in manner commanded {ſar todo it. Then Antonize riling up, asked whether they
thought ir good that Pompey and {2/ar both, ſhould leave their Armies, Thereupon all the Se-
nators, joyntly together gave their whole conſent, and with a great cry commending eLntonius,
they prayed him to refer it to the judgement of the Senate, Burt the Conſuls would not allow
of that : Therefore Ceſar's friends preferred other reaſonable demands and requeſts again, bur
, Cato ſpake againſt them, and Lerrulus, one of the Conſuls drave 4ntonizs by torce out of the
_ Senate, who at his going out made grievous curſes againſt him. After that, che took a Slaves
toCeſar, Gown, and ſpeedily fled ro Ceſar, with Quintus Caſſie, in 2 hired Coach, Whenthey cameto
; Ceſar, they cried out with open mouth, thar all went hand over head at Rox : for the Tribunes
of the People might not ſpeak their minds; and were driven away in great danger of their lives,
as many as ſtood with Law and Juſtice. Hereupon Ceſar went incontinently into ITAL Y with his
Cicero repro- Army, which made Cicero ſay inhis Philippides : That as Helten was cauſe of the War of Troy,
ved for lying. ſo was Antorius the Author' of the Civil Wars , which indeed was a ſtark lie. For Ceſar was
RT = not ſo fickle headed, nor fo eafily carried away with anger, that he would fo ſuddenly have gone
and made War with his. Countrey, upon the fight onely of Anronins and Caſſizs, being fled to
him in miſerable Apparel], and in a hired Coach, had he not long before determined it with him-
ſelf, Bur fith indeed Ceſar looked of long time but for ſome colour, this came as he wiſhed, and
gave him juſt occaſion* of War,” But to ſay truly , nothing elſe moved him to make War
41 | withall the World as he did, but one ſelf cauſe, which firſt procured Alexander and Cyrus allo
exenter,C5- Lefore hi it , an inſatiable deſire to reign, with a ſen(leſ ſneſs to be the beſt
rus, and Ceſar, Þ&fore him, to wit , an ma reign, with a $ covetoulneſs to be the man
all contended in the World , the which he could not come unto, before he had put down Pompey, and utterly 0+
to reign. verthrown him. Now after that Ceſar had gotten Rome at his commandment, and had driven
Caſar'sambiti- Pompey out of ITALY, he purpoſed firſt to gointo Spa1n againſt the Legions Pompey had there ;
on the onely Py . - , . pey
caufe of the 2nd n the mean time to make proviſion for Ships and marine preparation, to follow Pompey. In
Civil War, his abſence, he left Zepsds rhat was Prizror Governour of Roms : 'and Antomins that was 1 ribune,
Caſer gave the he gave him charge of all the Souldicrs, and of Iraty. Then was Arronsn Rraight maryelloully
charge of Tzzly commended and beloved of the Souldiers , becauſe he commonly exerciſed himſelf among them,
CR —_— and would oftentimes eat and drink with chem, and alſo, be liberall unto them, actotding co his a-
ces, - biliry. But then in contrary manner, he purchaſed divers other mens evil wills, becauſe that through
negligence he would not 'do them juſtice that were injured , and dealt very churliſhly wich them
that Pad any ſuit unto him : and beſtdes all this, he had an ill name to entice mens Wives, - To con-
clude, {eſar's friends that =p under him, were cauſe why they hated C aſar's Government
(which indeed in reſpe& of himſelf was no leſs then a tyranny) by reaſon of the. great inſolencies
and outragious parts that were committed : amongſt whom Antonius that was of greateſt power,
and that alſo committed greateſt faults, deſerved moſt blame. But {#/ar notwithſtanding, when he re-
turned from the Wars of SyA1n, made no reckoning: of the complaints that were put'up againſt
him : but contrarily, becauſe he found him a hardy man, and a vatnant Captain, he employed him
in his chiefeſt affairs, and was tio whit deceived tm his opinion of him. So he paſſed over the Io n1-
AN Sea unto BxunDus1um., being but ſlenderly accompanied, and femt unto Aritorrims and Gabi-
ni, that they ſhould imbark their men as ſoon as they could, and paſs them over 'into Mact-
DON, Gabinizs Was afraid to take the Sea, becauſe it was very rough, and in the Winter-time : and
therefore fetched a great compaſs about by Land. But Atonins Raring ſome = might come
unto Ceſar, becauſe he was compaſſed in with a gre aumber of Enemics, firſt of all he (rave away
Libo, who rode at Anchor witha great Army before the Haveh bf BxunDus tux, For he man-
ned out ſuch a number of Pinnaces, Birks, and other fmall Boats about every one of his Galleys,
that he drave him thence.” After that, tie imbarked -into Ships rwenty thouſand Fooxtties,. and eight
hundred
- A_ _ - b
"4 J
"> i WL F CH
Nu» F
_*
- « P
m_ ANTONIUS. 757
hundred Horfemenz/ and with this' Army he hoiſted ſail. When the Enemies ſaw him, they made FERD
out to follow bim + bur the Sea roſe ſo high, thatthe billows put back their Galleys that they could 5.11, 2. vim
not come near him, and ſo he ſcaped that danger, But withall he fell upon the Rocks with his whole his Army ar
Fleet, where the Sea wrought very high, ſo that he was out of all hope to ſave himſelf; Yet by Brunduſum,
good fofrune, ſuddenly the Wind turried Southweſt, and blew from the gulf, driving the waves 294 goeth unto
df the River into .che main Sea. Thus eArtronins looſing from the Land, and failing with ſafery at Caſer.
his pleaſure, ſoon after he 'ſaw all the Coaſts full of Shipwracks. -For the force and boiſterouſneſs
of the wind did caft away the Galleys that followed him t of the which, many of them were broken
.and ſptitted, and divers alſo caft away : and Axronixs took a grear number of them Priſoners, with
& great ſum of Money alſo. Beſides all theſe, he took the City of Ly $us, and brought Ceſar ,,,,;,, man.
a great ſupply of men, and made him couragious, coming at a pinch with ſo great a power io him. hood in War.
Now there were:divers hot Skirmiſhes and Encounters, in the which Anronis fought fo valiantly,
that be carried the- praiſe from them all : but ſpecially at rwo ſeveral times, when Czſar's men cur-
ned their backs, and fled for life. For he ftepped betore them, ard compelled them to return a-
gain to fight : ſo that the ViRory fellon Ceſar's fide, Forthis cauſe he had the ſecond place in the
Camp-among the Souldiers, and they ſpake of no other man unto C-ſay, but of him: who ſhewed
plainly what opinion he had of him, -when at the laſt Battle of PHansALt a ( which indeed was
the laſt triall of all, to give the Conqueror the whole Empire of the World) he himſelf did lead
che right Wing of his Army, and gave Antonixs the leading of the left Wing, as the valianteft Antonius led
man-and skillfulteſt Souldier of allchoſe he had about him. Atter (ſar had won the Vitory, and *Þ< |<: Wing
that he was created” DiRator, he followed Pompey ſtep by ſtep : howbeit, before he named A7to- - _ _
ins Generall of the Horſemen, and ſent him ro Roms. The Generall of the Horſemen is the ſe- wo EO p
rond: Office of Dignity, when the Dictator is in the City : but when he is abroad, he is the chiefeſt loi the Field,
man, and almoſt the onely man that remaineth, and all the other Officers and Magiſtrates are put The Dignity
gown, after there is a Dictator choſen. Notwithſtanding, Dolabella —_— that time Tribune, and meu G:neral
2 young man deſirous of change and innovation, he preterred a Law which the Romans call No- - -—+ orgs
wiks Tabulas (as much to ſay, as a cutting off and cancelling of all Obligations and Specialties; and ;
were called New tables, becauſe they were driven then ro make Books of daily receit and expence)
and perſwaded «Antonius his friend (who alſo gaped for a good occaſion to pleaſe and gratifie the
common People) ro aid-him to paſs this Law. But 'Trebellizs and Aſinizs dilſwaded trom it all
they could poſlible. So'hy good hap it chanced that e Antonius miſtruſted Dolabella for keeping of Diſſention be-
h's Wife, and took. ſuch w conceir of it, thar he thruſt his Wife out of his houſe, being his Couſin *Wixt 4nronins
German, and the Daughter of C. Annonins who was Conſul with Cicero , and joyning with 4/6- and DolaveR.
Nius, he reſiſted Dolabells, and fought with him. Dolabel/a had gotten the Market-place, where the
People do aſſemble'in Council, and had filled it full of armed men, intending to have this Law of the
New tables to paſs: by force. eAntonins by commandment of the'Senate, who had given him au-
thority ro levy tnen, and to uſeforce againſt Dolabel/a, went againſt him, and fought ſo valiantly,
that men were ſlain on both fides. But by this means he got the ill will of the common People
and on the other ſide, the Noble men (as Cicero faith) did not onely miſlike him, bur alſo hate him
for his naughry life : for did abhor his banquets and drunken Feaſts he made at unſeaſonable
times, and his extream waſtfull expences upon vain light houſwives , and then in theday time he
would ſleep or walk out his drunkenneſs , _— to wear away the fume of the abundance of
*Wine which he had taken over-night. In his houſe they did nothing bur feaſt, dance, and mask ;
and | himſelf paſſed away the timein hearing of fooliſh Plays, and marrying theſe Players, Tumblers, En
Jefters, and ſuch ſore of People. As for proof hereof ; is reported, bo at Hippia matriage, ox
one of his Jeſters,' he drank Wine ſo luftily all night, -that the next morning when he came to plead _—_
before the- People afſembled in Council, who had ſent for him, he being queaſie tomacked with his
Surfeit he had taken, was compelled to lay up all before them, and one of his friends held him his Antonizs laid
Gown inftead of a Baſon, He had another pleafant Player called Serg:izs, that was one of the chiefeſt up bis ſtomack
en abour him, -and a- Woman alſo called Cytheride, of the ſame profeifion, whom he loved dearly: before the
carried her up and down in a Litter unto all the Towns he went, and had as many men waiting _ _ſ
wpoty her Lirttr (ſhe being bur a Player) as were attending upon his own Mother. Ir grieved ho- 5+ £0 inſo=
meſt'men alſs- very much, to ſee that when he went into the Countrey he carried with him a great lency.
tuinber of Cup-boards full of Silver and Gold Plate-openly inthe face of the World, as it had been
ahe portip or ſhew of ſome Triumph : and that efrſoons in the middeſt of his journey he would
fer up his Halls and Tents hard by fome- green Grove or pleaſant River, and there his © ovoks ſhould
prepare higg a ſumptuous Dinner. And furthermore, Lions were harneffed m Traces to draw his
Carts : and'befides alſo, in honeft mens houſes in rhe Cities where he came, he would have common
Harlots, Curtizans, and theſe tembling pgillors lodged. Now it grieved men much, to ſee that C-
fer ſhould-be'out of ITaLy following of his Enemies, to end this great War with fuch great peril
and danger, and- that others in the mean time abufing his name and authority, ſhould commic ſuch
inſolent and ourragious parts upon their Citizens. This methinks was the cauſe that made the con-
{piracy againſt Ceſar increaſe more and more, and laid the reines of the bridle upon the Souldiers
necks, they 'durſt more boldly commit many extortions, crnelties and robberies. And ©C/4r and Le-
aherefore Ceſay uſtet his return pardoned Dokebeln, and being ctexted Conſul the third time, he __ —_—
took not eAmotins, but choſe Lepidus his Colleague and fellow 'Confull. Afterwards when a meeting
Powpey's houſe was put to open ſale, eA1t30755s bought it ; but when they asked him Money for it, houſe,
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he made it very ſtrange, and was offended with them , and writeth himſelf that he would not go
with. Ceſar. into. the Wars of -A+R1cx , becauſe he was not well recompenced for the ſervice
he had done him before. Yet Ceſ«r did ſomewhat bridle his madneſs and inſolency, nor ſuffering
bim to paſs his faults ſo lightly away, making as though he ſaw them not. And therefore he let
Antonizs mar- his difſolute-manner of life, and married Fx{via that was Clodius Widow, a Woman not ſo baſely
ried Fulvie, minded to ſpend her time in ſpinning and houſwivery ; and was not contented 16 maſter her Husband
7.101 rules at home, but would alſo rule him in his Office abroad, and commanded him that commandeg Legi-
Antonius az Ons and great Armies: ſo that Cleopatra was to give Fulvia thanks for that ſhe had taught «4 n-
home and a= 7077544 this obedience to Women , that learned fo well to: be at their commandment, Now, be-
broad. cauſe Fulvia was ſomewhat ſowre and crooked of condition, eAntonius deviſed to make her plea.
| ſanter, and ſomewhat better diſpoſed : and therefore he would play her many pretty youthfull parts
ro make her merry. As he did once , when Ceſar returned the laft time of all Conquerour our
of SpaiN, every man went out to meet him, and ſo did eAntonizs with the reſt. But on the
ſudden there ran a rumour through IT ALy, that (ſar was dead, and that his Enemies came
again with a great Army. Thereupon he returned with ſpeed t10-Roms , and rook one of his
mens Gowns., and ſo apparelled came home to his houſe in a dark night, ſaying , that he had
brought Fulvia Letters from eAntonius. So he was let in, and brought to her muffled as he was,
for being known : but ſhe taking the matter heavily, asked himif eAntonius were well. Antonias
gave her the Letters, and ſaid never a word. So when ſhe had opened the Letters, and began to
read them, Antonius ramped on. her neck, and kiſſed her. We have told you this tale for exam-
ples ſake onely, and ſo could we alſo tell you of many ſuch like as theſe. Now when Ceſar was re-
turned from his laſt War in SeA1N, all the chiefeſt Nobility of the City rode many days journey
from Roms to meet him, where Ceſar made marvellons much of eAnronixs above all the men that
came unto him, For he always took him into his Coach with him throughout all It aLy, and be-
hind him Brutus Albinus and Ottavins the Son of his Neece, who afterwards was called { ſar and
Ceſar and An- became Emperor of Ro long time after. So Ceſar being atterwards choſen Conſul the fifth time,
zonjus Confuls. he immediately choſe Antonin his Colleague and Companion : and deſired by depoſing himſelf of his
Conſulſhip, to make Dolabella Conſul in his room, and had already moved itto the Senate. But
Antonius did Routly withſtand it, and openly reviled Dolabela in the Senate, and Dolabella alſo ſpa-
red him as little. Thereupon Ceſar being aſhamed of the matter/, he ler it alone, Another time
alſo when Ceſar attempted again to ſubſtitute Dolabe/a Conſul in his place, Antonin cryed out,
that the ſigns of the Birds were againſt it : ſo that at length Ceſar was co to give him place,
and to let Dolabella alone, who was marvelloully offended with him. Now -in truth, Ceſar made
no great reckoning of either of them both. For it is reported that C<ſar anſwered one that did ac-
cule Antonius Dolabella unto him for ſome matter of conſpiracy : Tuſh: ſaid he, they be not
thoſe far fellows and fine combed men that I fear, but I miſtruſt rather theſe pale and lean men,
Antonizs un- meaning by Brutus and Caſſins, who afterwards conſpired his death and flew him. Artonixs unawares
—y pave afterwards gave Ceſar's Enemies juſt occaſion and colour to do as they did : as you: ſhallhear, The
oa RoMaNSs by chance celebrated the Feaſt calied Lupercalia, and (ſar being apparelled in his trium-
to conſpire a- Phing Robe, was ſet in the Tribune where they uſe ro make their Oxations to: the People, and from
painſt fm, thence did behold the ſport of the Runners. The manner of this running was.thus : On that day
there are many young men of noble houſe, and thoſe ſpecially that be chief Officers for that year,
who running naked up and down the City, anointed with the Oyl of Olive, for pleaſure to ſtrike
them they meet in their way, with white Leather Thongs they have in their bands. © Antonin being
one among the reſt that was to run, leaving the ancient Ceremonies and old 'Cuftoms of that So-
lemnity, he ran to the Tribune where (e/ar was ſet, and carried a Lawrell Crown in his hand, ha-
ving a Royal Band or Diadem wreathed about it, which in old time was the ancient mark and to-
ken of a King. When he was come to (2ſar, he made his fellow Runners with him lifc him up, and
Antonizs Lu- fo he did put his Lawrell Crown upon his head, ſignifying thereby that he had deſerved to be King,
eg A age But (ſar making as hhe refuſed it, turned away his'head. The People were ſo rejoiced at it,
upen C ſar's that they all clapped their for joy. eAntonins again did put it on his head :: Ceſar again re-
head. fuſed it ; and thus they were ftriving off and on a great while together. As oft as Antoriwadid put
this Lawrell Crown unto him, a few of his followers rejoyced atit : and as oft alſo as Ceſar refuſed
it, all the People together clapped their hands. And this was a wonderfull thing, that they ſuffered all
things, ſubje&s ſhould do by commandment of their King : and yet they could not abide the Name of
a King, detefting it as the utter deſtruction of their Liberty. (ſar in a rage aroſe out bt his Seat,
and plucking down the choller of his Gown from his neck, he thewed it naked , bidding any man
ſtrike off his head that would. This Lawrell Crown was afterwards put upon the head of one of Ce-
ſar's Statues or Images, the which one of the Tribunes pluckt off, The People liked his doing therein
ſo well, that they waited on him home to his houſe, with great clapping of hands. Howbeit Ceſar
Brutve ans Aid turn them out of their Offices for it. This wasa mud , encouragement for Brutizs and Caſſi to
Cifku conſpire CONPire his death, who fell into a conſort with their truftieſt friends, ro execute their enterpriſe , but
1/7 ſpire ; : IT, ; .
Ceſar's deach, Yet ſtood doubtfull whether they ſhould make Anromws privy t0-it or not. All he reſt liked ofit, 1a-
ving Trebonixs onely. He told them, that when they rode to -meet Ceſar ar his return out of
SPAIN, eAntonixs and he always keeping company, and lying together by the way, he felc bis
mind afar off; but Antonius finding his meaning, would hearken-no more unto it,. and yernorwith»
ſtanding never made (ſar, acquainted with this talk, but had: faichfully kept- is-40 -himſclf. Fw
tha
F
—_—— PF
ANTONIUS.
that they conſulted whether they ſhould kill 4ntonins with Ceſar: But Brutus would in no wiſe Confileaes
conſent to is; ſaying, tliat venturing on ſuch an enterprife asthat, for the maintenance of Law and ORD ,
juſtice, ir ought to be clear from alt villany.» Yer they fearing - A#roxins power, and the Authotity therof Antonis
of his Office,,. appointed certain of the conſpiracy,” that Ceſar was gone into the Senate,” 2 with Caſey.
and wbile others. ſhould execure their enterprile,. they ſhould Antonixs 1n atalk out of the Se- |
nate-houſe.- Even as chey had deviſed theſe maners, ſo- were they executed : and- Cofar was Nin
in. the middeſt:of the Senate, . Anvonins being pur in a fear withall, caſt a Slaves Gown upon him,
and hid himſelf; Bur afterwards when: it was told him that the! Murtherers flew no man elſe, and
thas they went onely into the Capitol, he ſent kid Son unto them, for a pledge, arid bad them boldly-
come down upon; his. word. The felf ſame day he did bid Caſſius to Supper, and Lepidxs alſo bad-
Brutus: The next morning the Senate was afſembled, and CAntonias himſelf preferred a Law, that:
2ll things paſt ſhould be forgouen, and that they ſhould appoine Provinces unto Caſſi#3-and Brutus : -+
the which the Senate confirmed, and further ordained, that they ſhould cancel one'of {oſar's Laws.
Thus went A47tonzxs out of the Senate more praiſed and better eſteemed then ever man was, becauſe
i feerned to every [man that he: had cut-off all. occaſion of Civit Wars, and thar he had ſhewed
himſelf a marvellous wiſe Governour of the Commonwealth , for the appeaſing of theſe matters
of fo great weighe-and importance, But now, the opinion he conceived of himſelf after he had 'z
Ile felr- the good will of the People rowards him, hoping thereby to make himſelf the chiefet man
if: he —__ overcome Braew:, did cafily make himyalter his firſt mind, And therefore when Ce-
far's body was brought to the place where it ſhould be buried, he made a Funeral Oration in com-
mendation of. {{/ar, according to the ancient cuſtom of praiſing noble men at their Funerals,
When he ſaw that the People were very glad and deſirous alſo to hear Ceſar ſpoken of, and his praiſes
uttered, he mingled his Oration- with lamentable words; and by. amplifying of marters did greatly
move their hearts and affe&ions unto pity and compaſiion. In fine to conclude his Oration, he un-
folded before the whole Aſſembly the bloody Garments of. the dead, thruſt through in many places
with their Swords, and called the Malefa&ors, cruel and curſed -Murtherers. With theſe words he A4ntonine mas
put the People iro ſuch a fury, that they preſently took Cezſar's Body, and burnt it in the Market- keth uproar a-
place, with ſuch Tables Forms as they 'could ger together. Then when the fire was kind- 790g the Peo-
ted, they took fire-brands, and ran to the Murtherers houſes to-ſer them on fire, and to make them o_—_ ya
come our to fight.. Brutus therefore and his accomplices, for ' ſafety of their perſons were driven to _
fy the Ciry. Then came all Ceſars friends unto eA#tonins, and ſpecially bis Wife Calpurnia putting ;, tpurnis, C4:
her truſt in him, ſhe brought the moſt part of her Money into his houſe, which amounted t6'the [ar's Wite, ©
Sum of four thoufand Tatems:, and furthermore brought him all Czſar's Books and Writings, in |
the which were bis Memorials of all that he had done and ordained. Arntonins did daily ming'e with
them ſuch as he thought good, and by that means he created new Officers, made new Senators, cal-
ted home ſome” thac were baniſhed, and delivered thofe that wete Priſoners: and then he ſaid, thar
all thoſe things were ſo-appointed and ordained by Ceſar. Therefore the Romans mocking them
that were ſo moved, thiey called them CHARON1TES , becauſe that when they were overcome, ,, . _
they had no- other help bur to ſay, that thus they were found in Ceſar's Memorials, who had failed -- -— "as
in ({Þaren's Boar, and was departed. Thus Antenis ruled abſolutely alſo in all other matters, be- 7. Antonius
caufe he was Contul, and Cai one of his Brechren Pyietor, and Lucius the other Tribune, Now Conſul.
things remaining in this ſtate at Ros, Ottavims Ceſar the younger came to Rome, who was the £4##5 Antonins
Sov of Julins Ceſar's Neece, gy you have heard-before, and was Kft his lawfull Heir by Will, re- _ /
maining at the tune of the death of his great Uncle that was ſlain, in the Ciry of AroLLoONTA, us Tribune. all
This young- marvas his firſt arrival went to ſalute eAnronie, as one of his late dead Father Ceſar's three Brethren.
who by lis laſt Will and Teſtament had made him his Heir : and withall, he was preſently ©
whand with him for Money and other things whicti were left of truſt in his hands; "becauſe Ceſar had
by Will bequeathed unto the People of Roms threeſcore and fifteen Silver Drachmaes to be given
to every mati, the which he as Heir ſtood charged withall. Antonius ar the firſt made no reckoning
of him, becauſe he was very young, and ſaid, he lacked wit, and good friends to adviſe him, if he
looked: ro take ſuch a charge in hand, as to undertake to be {eſar's Heir. But wheri Antonin faw Variance be-
that -he' could not- ſhake him off with thoſe words, and that be was ftill in hand with him for his Fa- twixe Anronics
thers but ſpecially for the ready Money, then. be ſpake and did what he- could againſt hin, 294 0fcvius
And firſt of: all, it was be thatdid keep him from being Tribune of the People'; and alſo when 07 a- ap my
vine (afar began to meddle with the dedicating of the Chair of Gold, which was prepared by c2/z.
the Senate to honour (ſar with, he threatned to ſend him to Priſon , and moreover defiſted not
eo putthe People in an uproar. This young C ſar ſeeing bis doings, went unto Cicero and others,
which were Antonius Enemies , and by themt crept into favour with the Senate : and he himſelf
ſought the Peoples good will every manner of. way, gathering together the old Sonldiers of the late ERS
deceaſed Caſar, which were diſperſed in divers 'Cities and Colonies. Antonixs being afraid of it, irienſhip wich
ralked with aft avins in the Capitol, and becanie his friend. But the very ſame night Antonius had Cicero.
z ſtrange Dream, who thought that lightning -fell upon him, and burnt his right hand. Shortly 4n#onizs and
after word was brought him,- that"Ceſar lay in 'wair/to kill him. Ceſar cleared himſelf unto him _ =
and rold him there was no\fuet matter : bur he'could not make eAntonins believe the contrary. 12 ,
they 'became further Enemies then: ( ever they- were : infomuch that both of them Dream.
made friends of ' ei fide 1&' gather rogethiet all rhe Souldiers' through Ira ry , that were
iſperſed in divers Towns; and - made then Targe' ptomiſes, and ſought alſo ro win the Legions on
their
759
760 ""ANTONXNIUS.
their ſide, which were already in arms. {3cero on the other fide being at that time the chiefeſt
man of authority:and eftimation in the City, he ſtirred up all men againſt Antonins : {0 that in the
Antoni jadg- end he made the Senate pronounce him an Enemy to his Countrey, and appointed young Ceſar's
ed an Bnemy .Sergeants to carry.Axes before him, and ſuch other ſigns as were incident to the Dignity of a Con-
by the wo ul-or Prztor ;\ and moreover ſent Hircixes and. Panſa, then Conſuls , to drive: Antonius out. of
Panſz Conſuls. ITALY, Theſc-rwo Conſuls rogether wad Caen; who alſo had an Army, went againſt eLnton.
44 that beſieged the City of MoDz na, and there overthrew him in Battle : but both» the Conſuls
Antonius over- were lain there. Antonius flying upon this overthrow, fell into great miſery all at once : but the
thrown in Bat- (4:6 want 'of all other, and that pinched him moſt, was famine, -Howbeit he was of ſuch a ſtrong
= - + agg nature, that by. patience he would oyerconie any adverſity, and the heavier fortune lay upon him,
Amenie pari- the; more cocdes ſhewed he himſelf, Every man that feeleth want or adverſity, knoweth by Yer.
ent in adyerſi- tue. anddifcretion' what he ſhould-do : when indeed they are overlaid , with extremity, and be ſore
ty. oppreſſed, few, have the hearts to follow that which they praiſe and commend, and much leſs tg
avoid that they reprove and miſlike : but rather to the contrary, they yield to their accuſtomed ea.
ie life, and through fain-heart, and lack of courage, do cage their firſt mind and purpoſes, And
therefore it was. a -wonderfull example to.the Souldiers, to fee eAntonins that was brought up in
Antonius hard- all fineneſs and ſuperfluity, ſo caſily to drink puddle water, and to cat wild Fruits and Roots : and
neſs in adverfi- qoreover it is reported, that even as they paſſed the Alpes, they did eat the barks of Trees, and
| hrs 5 ſuch Beaſts as never man taſted of their fleſh before. Now their intent was to joyn with the Legi-
tine belvaian ons that were onthe other fide of the Mountains, under Lepidas o_ whom Antonins took to
uſ's be his friend, becauſe be had holpen him to many things at Ceſar's hand, through his means. When
he was cometo the place where Lepidus was, be camped hard by him : and when he ſaw that no
man came to him to puthim in any hope, he determined to venture himſelf, and to go unto Leys.
dus. Since the overthrow he hed in MoD8Na, he ſuffered his beard to grow at length and never
clipt it, that it was marvellous long, and the hair of his head alſo without combing : and beſides
all this, he went-in a mourning Gown, and after this ſort came hard to the Trenches of Lepidus Camp.
Then he began to ſpeak unto the Souldiers, and many of them their hearts yearned for pitty to ſee
him ſo poorly arrayed, and ſome alſothrough his words began to pitty him : infomuch that Lep;-
dus began to be afraid, and therefore commanded all the Trumpets to ſound together to ſtop the
Souldiers ears, that they ſhould not hearken ro Antonixs. This notwithſtanding , the Souldiers
took the more pitry of him, and ſpake ſecretly with him by Clodixs and Lelixs means, whom they
ſent unto him diſguiſed in Womans. apparell, and gave him counſel] that he ſhould not be afraid to
enter into their Camp, for there were a great number of Souldiers that would receive him, and kill
Lepidus, if be would ſaythe word. Antonius would not ſuffer them to hurt him, but thenext morn=
ing he went with his Army to wade a-foord, at a little River that ran between them : and himſelf
was the foremoſt man that took the River to get over, ſeeing a number of Lepidus Camp that gave
him their hands, plucked up the ſtakes, and layed flat the bank of their Trench to let him into their
Camp. When he was come into their Camp, and that he had all the Army at his commandment,
he uſed Lepidus I embraced him, and called him Father : and though indeed 4nroni-
Antoniaz wan #s did all, and rul
the whole Army, yet he alway gave Lepidxs the Name and Honour of the Cap-
all Lepidus Ar- tain, AAunacins Plancus, lying alſo in Camp hard by with an Army, underſtanding the report
my from him. of 4ycon;us.courtelie, he alſo came and joyned with him. Thus Antonixs being a foot again, and
grown of great power, repaſſed over the Alpes, leading into ITary with him ſeventeen Legions,
and ten thouſand Horſemen, beſides fix Legions he left in Garriſon among the Gaurs, under the
charge of one. Yari«s, a Companion of his that would drink luſtily with him, and therefore in
Varius firn= mockery was ſurnamed Cotylon, to wit, a bibber. So Ottavins (e/ar would not' lean to Cicero,
med Cotylon. ten he ſaw that his whole travell and endeavour was onely to reftore the Commonwealth to her
as former liberty. Therefore he ſent certain of his friends to eFnronixs, to make them friends again :
> — and thereupon all three met together be wit, Ceſar, eAntonins and Lepidas) in an Iſland environed
Ceſar, Anto- Tound'about with a little River, and there remained three days together. Now as touching all other
nius, and Lepi- matters, they were eaſily agreed, and did divide all the Empire of Roms between them, as if it had
dus. been their own. Inheritance. But yet they could hardly agree whom they would put to death ; for
every one of them, would kill their Enemies, and ſave their Kinſmen and friends. Yet at length,
giving place to their greedy deſire to be revenged of their Enemies, they ſpurned all reverence of
Blood, and holineſs of friendſhip at their feet. For Ceſar left Cicero to Antonius will, Antozins
The vroferioe;. AO forſook Lucius Ceſar, who was his Uncle by his Mother : and both of them ſuffered
on ofthe 11; Lepidus to kill his own Brother Paxlus, Yet ſome Writers affirm, that Ceſar and Antonins re-
unviri, Qqueſted Paulus might be lain, and that Lepidxs was contented with ic. In my Opinion there was
never a more horrible, unnatural , and crueller then this was. For thus changing murther
for murther, they did aſwell kill choſe whom they did forſake and leave unto others, as thoſe allo
which others lett unto them to kill; but ſo much more was their wickedneſs and cruelty great unto
their friends, for that they put them to death. being innocents, and having no cauſe to hate chem. Af-
ter. there plot was agreed upon hetween them, the. Souldiers Peers wh would have this
friendſhip and league berwixt them confirmed by marriage, and that Ceſar ſhould Clodia, the
Daughter of Fulvia eAntonins Wife. . This marriage allo being agreed upon, they co three
hundred of the chiefeſt Citizens of. RoME, to beiput to death by proſcription. And Antonine al-
ſo commanded them ro whom he had given Commiſſion to kill Cicero, that they ſhould ſtrike - oy
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head and righthand, with the which he had wrinen the invedtiye Orations ( called Philippides ) 2-
m_—__—
=_
gainſt Antonius. So when the Murtherers brought him C3cers's head and hand cur off, he beheld Antonize'cruel-
chem a |
Then en, Free” taken his plealure of the ſight of chem, he cauſed them to be fer up in an open
place, over the Pulpit for Orations (where when he was alive, be had often ſpoken to the People,)
2s if he had dene the dead man hurt, and not blemiſhed his —_— ſhewing hicſelf (to his
great ſhame and infamy) a cruell man, and unworthy the Office and authoriry be bare. His Uncle
Lucius Ceſar alſo, as they ſought for him to kill him, and followed him hard, fled unto bis Siſter,
The murderers coming thither, forcing to break into her Chamber , ſhe ſtood at her Chamber
door with her arms abroad, crying out till : You ſhall not kill Cucixs Ceſar, before you firſt kill
me, that bare your Captain in my Womb. By this means ſhe ſaved her Brothers life. Now the
Government of theſe Triumviri grew odious and hatefull to the Roma ns , for divers reſpects :
but they moſt blamed Antonin, becauſe he being elder then (ſar, and of more power and force
then Lepidus, gave himſelf again to his former riot and exceſs, when he left to deal in the Afffairs
of the Commonwealth, But ſetting aſide the ill Name he bad for his inſolency, he was yet much
more hated in reſpe& of the houſe be dwelt in, the which was the houſe of Pompey the Great : a
man as famous tor his temperance, modeſty, and civill life, as for his three Triumphs. For it grie+
ved them to ſee the gates commonly ſhut againſt the Captains , Magiſtrates of the City, and alſo
Ambaſſadors of ſtrange Nations which were ſometimes thruſt trom the gate with violence : and that
the houſe within was full of Tumblers, Antick Dancers, Juglers, Players, Jeſters, and Drunkards,
quaffing and guzling , and that onthem he beſtowed the moſt part of his Money he got by all kind
of poſſible extortions, bribery and policy. For they did not onely ſell by the Cryer the goods of thoſe
whom they had out-lawed and appointed 4 murder, ſlanderoully deceiving the poor Widows and
y Orphans, and alſo raiſed all kinds"of Impoſts, Sublidies and Taxes : bur notwithſtandi
alſo that the holy Veſtal} Nuns had certain goods and money put in their cuſtody. to keep, bor
of mens in the City, and thoſe alſo that were abroad, they went thither, and took them away by
force. Oftavius («ſar perceiving that no Money would ſerve eAnronins turn, he prayed that they
might divide the Money between them, and ſo did they alſo divide the Army, for them both to go
into MaczDon to make War againſt Brutxs and Caſſixs : and in the mean time they left the
Government of the Ciry of Rows unto Lepidus. When they had paſſed over the Seas, and that
began to make War, they being both camped by their Enemyes, to wit , Antonius againſt
Caſſins, and Ceſar againſt Brutus, C eſar did no great matter, but Aztonixs bad alway the upper
hand
time with great joy, and laughed heartily, and chas aftencimes for the great joy he felt. ty unco Cicers.
Licias Caſar's
life ſaved, by
is Siſter,
Antonius rior
in his Trium-
virate. ;
The praiſe of
Pompey the
Great,
The yaliant-
, and did al, Forat the firſt Battle Ceſar was overthrown by Brutus, and loſt his Camp, neſs of Antonz-
and very hardly ſaved himſelf by Hyi
ſelf in his Commentaries, that he fled
friends had. Artonixs on the other fide overthrew Caſſius in Battle, though ſome write that he was
not there himſelf at the Battle, but that he came after the overthrow, whilſt his men had the Ene-
mies in chaſe. So Caſſius at his earneſt
from them that followed him. Howbeit be writeth him- * againſt Bru-
ore the Charge was given, becauſe of a Dream one of his **
requeſt was ſlain by a fairhfull ſervant ofhis own called Pin- The dexth of
darus, whom he had infranchiſed : becauſe he knew not in time that Brutus had overcome Ceſar. Caſſius.
Shortly after they fought another Battle again, in the which Brzrzs was overthrown, who afterwards
alſo ſlew himſelf, Thus Antonixs had the chiefeſt glory of this ViRory, ſpecially becauſe C far Brutus flew
was ſick at that time, Antronixs having found Brutus
the murther of his Brother Cai«s, whom he had putto death in Mactpon for revenge of Cirero's
ervell death, and yer laying the fault-more in Hortenſius then in him, hemade Hortenſias to be (lain
on his Brothers Tomb. Furthermore he caſt his Coat-armour ( which was wonderfull rich and
y after this Battle, blaming him much tor himſelf.
ſumptuous) upon Bratus Body, and gave commandment ro one of his Slaves infranchiſed, to de- Antonixs gave
fray the charge of his buriall. But afterwards entoxi hearing that hisinfranchiſed bondmen had honourable bu-
not burnt his Coat-armour with his body, becauſe it was very rich, and worth a great ſum of *i9) unco Bru-
, and that he had alſo kept back much of the ready Money appointed for his Funeral and
Tomb, he alſo put him codeath, After that, Ceſar was conveyed to Rowe, and it was thought
he would not live long, nor eſcape the ſickneſs he had. e£ntonixs on the other fide went towards
the Eaſt Provinces and Regions to leavy money : and firſt of all he went into Grztcs, and car-
ried an infinite number of Souldiers with him. Now, becauſe every Souldier was promiſed five thou-
ſand Silver Drachmaes, he was driven of necefiity to impoſe extream Tallages and Taxations. At
his firſt coming into GxzEcs, be was not
ug.
nor bitter unto the GRECIANS , but gave him- 4n:0nits grear
ſelf onely to hear wiſe men diſpute, to ſce Plays, and alſo to note the Ceremonies and ſacrifices of <vur*clie in
GrEEcs, miniſtring juſtice to every man : andit pleaſed him marvellouſly to hear chem call him
anne A much to ſay, A lover of the Gxecians ) and ſpecially the Ariz x1aws, to
whom he did many great pleaſures. Wherefore the MEGar1ANS, to exceed the ATHENIANS,
—_ to ſhew Antonius a goodly ſight, they prayed him to come and fee their Senate-houſe, and
Council-hall, Arexivs went thither to fre ir, So when he had ſeen it at his pleaſure, they asked
him : My Lord, hew like you our Hall > Methinks (quoth he) it is liutle, old, and ready to fall
down. Furthermore he rook meaſure of the Temple of Apollo Pytbiar, and promiſed the Senace
to finiſh it. But when he was once come into As14, having left Lacie Cerſoninu; Governour in
GRBECE, and tharhe had felt the riches and pleaſures of the Eaſt parts, and that Princes, great
Lords, and Kings, came to wait at his gate for his coming out : and that Queens and Princeſſes
to excell qne another, gave him very rich Preſents, and came to fee him, curiouſly ſetting forth
themſelves,
recce,
RP
* 4+ ” &
G \ yr
v 4 £ & "RY bh
l - R =
- 4
a 6 5 wx - a” > 3
y £ = R 7 , 2
bw a 7 es IF FO Tn
"762 INTONIUS.
themſelves, and uſing all Art that might be to ſhew their beauty, to win his fayour the more : (Ce.
far inthe mean ſpace turmoiling his wits and body in Civil Warsat home, e Fnronius living merrily
and quietly abroad) he eaſily fell again to bis old licentious life. For ſtraight one Anaxenor a Player
of the Cirhern,' Xoutxs a Player of the Flute, Merrodorns a Tumbler, and ſuch a rabble of Minſtrels
The plagues of and fir Miniſtersfor the pleaſures of A914, _ in fineneſs and flattery paſſed all the other plagues he
Traly, in riot. brought with him out of ITALY) all theſe flocked in his Court, and bare the whole ſway : and after
that, all went awry. For every one of them gave themſelves to riot and exceſs, when they ſaw he de-
lighted in it ; and all As14 was like to the City Sophocles ſpeaketh of in one of his Tragedies |
Was full of ſweet Perfumes, and pleaſant Songs,
With wofull weeping mingled there among.
For in the City of Eextsus, Women attired as they go in the Feaſts and Sacrifice of Bacchus, came
out to meet him with ſuch Solemnities and Ceremonies, as are then uſed : with men and Children dif.
guiſed like Fauns and Satyrs, Moreover, the City was full of Ivy, and Darts wreathed about with 1.
vy, Pſalterions, Flutesand Howboys , and intheir Songs they called him Bacchus, Father of mirth,
courteons and gentle : and ſo was he unts ſome, but to the moſt part of men, cruell and extream,
Antonius era- For he robbed Noblemen afid Gentlemen of their goods, to give it unto vile flatterers :; who oftentimes
elry in Aſiz., begged living mens goods, as though they had been dead, and would enter their houſes by force, As
he gave' a Citizens houſe. of MaGnxzs14A untoa Cook, becauſe (as it is reported) he dreſſed him a
fine Supper, In-the end he doubled the Taxation, and impoſed a ſecond upon As 1a. But then Hy.
breas the Orator ſent from the Eſtates of As1a to tell him the ſtate of their — boldly ſaid un-
xo-him : Tf chou wilt have power to lay two Tributes in, one year upon us, thou ſhouldeſt alſo have
—_—_ words rower tO give us two Summers, two Autumns, and rwo wed This was gallantly and pleaſantly
nnttbn aol ſpoken unto Antonius by the Orator, and it pleaſed him well to hear -it : bur afterwards amplyfying
great payments Þis ſpeech, he ſpake more boldly, and to better purpoſe : As14 hath payed thee two hundred thouſand
of Money ento Talents, If all this Money be not come to thy Cofters, then ask account of them that levied it : bur if
him. thou have received it, and nothing be left of it, then are we utterly undone, Hybreas words netled
Antoniza roundly; For he underſteod not of the thefts and robberies his Officers committed by his
Authority, in his Treaſure and Affairs : not ſo much becauſe he was careleſs, as for that he over-ſimply
Antonin
mplicity® eruſted hismen in all things. For he was a plain man, without ſubtilty, and therefore oyer-late found
out the foul faults they committed againſt him ; but when he heard of them, be was much offended,
and would plainly confeſs it unto them whom his Officers had done injury unto by countenance of his
authotity. He had a noble mind, as well to puniſh offenders, as to reward well doers: and yet he
Antonius man- did exceed more in giving, then in puniſhing. Now for his outragious manner of railing he com-
ncrs, monly uſed, mocking and flouting of every man, that was remedied by it ſelf : for 2_man might as
boldly exchange a mock with him, and he was well contented to be mocked as to. mock others:
. but yet it oftentimes marred all. For he thought that thoſe which told him ſo plainly and truly
in mirth, would never flatter him in good earneſt in any matters of weight. But thus he was eaſi-
ly abuſed by the praiſes they gave him, not finding how theſe flatterers mingled their flattery un.
der this familiar and plain manner of ſpeech unto him, as a fine device to make difference of Meas
with ſharp and tart Sauce ; andalſo to keep him by this frantick :jeſting and ing with him at
the Table, that their common flattery ſhould not be troubleſome unto him, as men do eaſily mil-
like to have too much of one thing : and that they handled him finely thereby ,- when they would
give him place in any matter of weight, and follow his counſell, that it might yop appear to him *
__ it ſo much to pleaſe him, but becauſe they were ignorant, and underſtood not ſo much
as he did. Antonixs being thus inclined, the laſt and extreameft miſchief of all. other ( co wit,
the love of Cleopatra) lighted on him, who. did waken and ſtir up many Vices yet hidden in him,
and were never ſeen to any, and if any ſpark of goodneſs or hope of riſing were left him, (leo-
: _ quenched it ſtraight, and made it worſe then before. The nianner how he fell in love with
Amntoniss love was this, Antonixs going to make War. with the PARTHIANS, ſent to command Cleopatra
A to appear perſonally before him when he came- into C111c14, to anſwer unto ſuch Accuſations
C ent : . . "Way , . . ainſt
for inco Cilicis, B WIE laid againſt her, being this ; that ſhe had aided Caſſins and Brutus in their War ag
him, The Meſſenger ſent unto Cleopatra to make this ſummons unto her, was called Delixs ; who
when he had throughly conſidered bo , .the excellent grace and ſweetneſs of her Tongue,
he nothing miſtruſted that Anton; would do any hurt to ſo noble a Lady, bur rather aſſured him-
ſelf, that within few days ſhe ſhould be in great favour with him. Thereupon- he did her great h0-
hour, and perſwaded her to come into C111c1a, as honourably#furniſhed as ſhe could poilible;
and bad her not to be afraid at all of eAnronius, for he was a more courteous Lord, then any that ſhe
had ever ſeen, Cleopatra on the other fide believing Dellize words, and gueſling. by the former
acceſs and credit ſhe had with 7ulins Ceſar, and C, Pompey (the Son of Pompey the Great) onely
for her beauty, ſhe began to have good hope that ſhe might more caſily win eAnroni#s. For Ceſar
and Pompey knew her when ſhe was but a young thing, and knew -not then what the World meant :
but now ihe went to Antonims at the age when a Womans Beauty is at the prime, and ſhe alſo of beſt
judgment, So ſhe furniſhed her ſelf with a world of Gifts, tore of Gold and Silver, and of Ri-
_ches and other ſumptuous Ornaments, as is credible enough ſhe might bring;from ſo great z houſe, and
from ſo wealthy and rich a Realm as £6 »T was, but yet ſhe carried nothing with fer or "a
Vo 2d
——
ANTONITUSS. 763
truſted more then in her ſelf, and in the charms and inchantment of her paſſing beauty and grace:
Therefore when ſhe was ſent unto by divers Letters, both from Antonias himſelf, and alſo from The wonder-
his friends, ſhe made ſo light of it, and mocked Antonns ſo much, that ſhe diſdained to fer forward ory
otherwiſe, but to take her Barge in the River of Cydnus, the Poop whereof was of Gold, the te]
Sails of Purple, and the Oars of Silver, which kept ſtroke in rowing after the ſound of the Mu- 417, going
ſick of Flutes, Howboys, Citherns, Viols, and ſuch other Inſtruments as they played upon in the unco Antonius.
B And now for the perſon of her ſelf, ſhe was layed under a Pavillion of Clothof Gold of Cy4n=s f
Tiſſue, apparelled and arttired like the goddeſs Venus, commonly drawn in Picture : and bard by
her, on either hand of her, pretty fair Boys apparelled as Painters do ſer forth god Cupid, with
litcle Fans in their hands, with the which they tanned wind upon ber, Her Ladies and Gentlewo-
men alſo, the faireſt of them were apparelled like the Nymphs N{ereides (which are the Myrmaids
of the Waters) and like the Graces , ſome —_— the Helm, others tending the Tackle and Ropes
of the Barge, out of the which there came a wo erſull paſſing ſweet ſayour of Perfemies, that per-
fumed the Wharts ſide, peſtered with innumerable mulcitudes of People. Some of them followed
the Barge all along the River fide : others alſo ran out of the City to ſee her comingini, ' So that in
the end , there ran ſuch multitudes of People one after another to ſee her, that eAntonine was
left poſt alone in the Marker-place, in his Imperial Seat to give audience : and there went a rumour
in the Peoples mouths, that the goddeſs 7enus was come to play with the god Bacchus for the ge-
nerall good of all As14, When Cleopatra landed, eAntonins ſent toinvite her to ſupper to him.
But ſhe ſenthim word again, he ſhould do better rather to come and ſup with her. Antonius there-
fore to ſhew himſelf courteous unto her ather arrivall, was contented to obey her, and went to ſup- The 1
per to her : where he found ſuch paſſing ſumptuous fare, that no tongue can expreſs it. But amongſt —
all other things, he moſt wondered at the infinite number of lights and torches hanged on the top of the ſuppers of
the houſe, giving light in every place, ſo artificially ſer and ordered by devices, fome round, ſome Cleoparrs and
ſquare; that it was the rareſt thing to behold that eye could diſcern, or that ever Books could men- 479m.
tion. . The next night, eAntonix feaſting her, contended ro paſs her in magnificence and fineneſs :
but ſhe overcame him in both. So that he himſelf began to ſcorn the groſs ſervice of his Houſe;
in reſpe& of Cleopatra's ſumptuouſneſs and fineneſs, And when Cleoparra found «Anton jeſts
and ſlents to be but.groſs, and Souldier-like, in plain manner, ſhe gave it him finely, and without
fear taunted him throughly, Now her beauty (as it is reported) was not fo paſſing, as unmatch- Cleoparrs's
able of other women, nor yet ſuch, as upon preſent view did enamour men with her : but ſo ſweet bcaury-
was her company and converſation, that a man could not poſſibly but be taken, And beſides her
beauty, the _ grace ſhe had to talk and diſcourſe, her courteous nature that tempered her
words and = was a ſpur that pricked to the quick. Furthermore, beſides all theſe , het
" voice and words were marvellous pleaſant : fer her tongue was an Inſtrument of Muſick to divers
-Sports and Paſtimes, the which ſhe eaſily turned into any Languagethat pleaſed her. She ſpake unto
few barbarous People by Interpreters, but made them anſwer her ſelf, or at the leaft rhe moſt part
of them : as the ATH1OPIANS , the ARABIANS, the TRoGLoDYTEsS , the HenrEvvs.,
the SYR1ANS, the MEDEs, and the PARTHIANS, and to many others alſo, whoſe Lan
ſhe had learned. Whereas divers of her Progenitors, the Kings of £6 y PT, could ſcarce learn the
v£GYyPTiAN Tongue onely, and many of | to ſpeak the MacEDoOnNItan, Now Ar-
$0nius was ſo raviſhed with the love of —_— that though his Wife Fu/via had great Wars, and
much ado with (ſar for his affairs, and that the Army of the Pax TH1aNs (the which the Kings
Lieutenants had given to the onely leading of ZLabienus ) was now aſſembled in MEs0PoT Ama,
ready to invade $YR1A, yet (as though all this had nothing touched him) he yielded himſelf to go
with Cleopatra unto ALEXANDRIA, Where he ſpent and loſt in childiſh ſports (as a man might ſay)
and idle Paſtimes, the moſt precious thing a man can ſpend (as Antiphon fa) and thar is, Time,
For they made an Order between _ which they called Amimetobion (as much to ſay, No liſe An One hee
comparable and matchable with it) one teaſting each other by turns, and in coſt, exceeding all mea- ;*,q /* oo——
ſure and reaſon, And for proof hereof, I have heard my Grandfather Zampryas report, that otic Antonius and
Philotas a Phyſician, born in the Ciry of Am p115s 4, told him, that he was at that preſent titne Cleopatra in
mn ALEXANDRIA, and ſtudied Phyfick : and that having acquaintance with one of Anronixs Cooks, SES
he took him with him to Antonius houſe (being a young man defirous to ſee things) to ſhew him
the wonderfull ſumptuous charge and preparation of one onely Supper. When he was in the Kitchin,
and ſaw a world of diverfities of Meats, and amongſt others, eight wild Bores roſted whole, he be- Eight wild
gan ro wonder at it, and ſaid : Sure you have a great number of Gueſts to ſupper. The Cook fell a Boars roſted
aughing, and anſwered him : No ( he) not many Gueſts, nor above twelve in all : bar yer all »bole.
that is boiled or roſted muſt be ſerved in whole, or elſe it would be marred ftraight: for eAntonius
peradventure will ſup preſently, orit may be a pretty while hence, or likely enoogh he will defer it Philorasa F by.
longer, for that he hath drunk well to day, or elſe Letts other preat matters in hand : and ©<i#n born in
re we do not dreſs one Supper onely, but many Suppers, we are uncertain of the ſore.
hour he will ſup.in, Philor as the Phyſician told my Grandfather this cale, and faid moreover, that Feaft,
It Was his chance ſhonly after ro ſerve the eldeft Son of the ſaid eAntonins, whom he had by his Fhiloras, Phy.
Wife Fulvia: and that he ſate commonly at his Table with his other friends, when he did not dine fician to the
nor fup with his Father, I. chanced one-day there came a Phyfician that was ſo full of words, +2 } quad
_— made every man weary-of him at the Board : but Philor as to ſtop his mouth, pur ou this ppgy,,,, ov
ubtle Propoſition to him ; Ir is good inſome fort to let a man drink cold water that hath an! Agve : propoſition.
Tre Bur
Plato writeth
of four kinds of
fatrery.
Antonius filh-
ing in Zgypt. cauſe
Then they z
.F1ANS
not by
' Jj ti
. The Wars of . hirſt'
as
at
ortune his Wi God inthe City of
friends again. For when
the Triumviri. fri
Oftavia the” ..
half Siſter of
Ofzvitsc
* have S1c1LE and SARDINTA, With this condition, that he ſhould rid the Sea of all Thieves and
ANTONIVUS. - _
his: Siſter O#avia, for indeed ſhe was a noble Lady, and left the Widow of her firſt Husbarid C 4ins
Marcellus, whiodied not long befdſit: and it ſeemed alſo that Antonixs had been-Widower ever fince
the death of his Wife Fzlvia, For he denied not that he kept Cleopatra, neither did he confeſs thar
he' had her as his Wife : and fo with reafon he did defend the love he bare unto this &cy erian
Cleopatra. Thereupon every man did ſer forward this Marriage, hoping thereby that this Lady Otta-
via, having an excellent: grace, wiſdom and honeſty, joyned unto ſo rare a beauty, when ſhe were
with «Antonius (he loving herasſo worthy a Lady deſerveth) ſhe ſhould be a good mean to keep
good love and amiry betwixt her Brother and him, So when {ſar and he had made thematch be- ary a Rome
tween them, they both went' to Rome about this Marriage, although it was againſt the Law, that for marrying of
2 Widow ſhould be married within ten Moneths after her Husbands death. Howbeit the Senate dif. Widows,
penced with rhe Law, and ſo the Marriage proceeded accordingly. Sextus Pompeius at that time HR _
keptin S1c1LIA, and ſo made many an inrode into ITALy witha great number of Pinnacesand 0- 9x eniurCaſies
ther Pirates Ships, of the which were Captains two notgþle Pirates, Aenas and Menecrates, who half Sifter.
ſo ſcoured all 'rhe Sea thereabouts, that none durſt peep out with a fail. Furthermore, Sextus
Pompeins had dealt very friendly with eAntonixs, for he had courteouſly received his Mother when
ſhe Hed our of ITALY with Fulvia: and therefore they thought good to make Peace with him, So Antonizs and
they met all three together by the Mount of M1sExA, upon a Hill that runneth far into the Sea ; 9#avins Caſar
Pompey having hisShips riding hard by at Anchor, and eAnronius and Ceſar their Armies uponthe 49 makepeace
ſhore fide, directly over againſt him, Now, after they had agreed that Sextus Pompeius ſhould _ -- =q_j
Pirates, and make it ſafe for Paſſengers ; and withall, that he ſhould ſend a certain quantity of Wheat
toRoMms ; one of them did feaſt another, and drew cuts who ſhould begin. It was Pompeins chance
to- invite them firſt, Whereupon eAntonins asked him : And where ſhall we ſup ? There, ſaid Pome
pey; and ſhewed him his Admiral-Galley, which bad fix Banks of Oars: that (faid he) is my
Fathers Houſe they have left me. He ſpake it to taunt eAntonins, becauſe he had bis Fathers Houſe, Sextus Pompe-
that was Pompey the Great. . So he caſt Anchors enough into the Sea, to make his Galley faſt, and #*2v9rto An:
then +built a Bridge of Wood to convey them to his Galley, from the head of Mount Miſena : and -——_
there $e welcomed them, and made them great chear, Now in the midſt of the Feaſt, when they
fell to be merry with Antonius love unto Cleopatra, £MHenas the Pirate came to Pompey, and whiſper- ,,.,,, Pompei=
ing in his ear, ſaid unto him : Shall I cut the Cables of the Anchors, and make thee Lord not onely « being offer-
of S1C1LE and SARDINIA, but of the whole Empire of Rome beſides ? Pompey having pauſed ed wonderfull
a while upon it, atlength anſwered him : Thou ſhouldeſt have done it, and never have told it me ; $*<** fortune,
bur now we muſt content us with that we have : as for my ſelf, I was never taught to break my =p - ape
faith, nor to be counted a Traytor, The other two alſo did likewiſe feaſt him in their Camp, and ;efafed ir.
then he returned into S1c1LE, Antonius afterthis agreement made, ſent Yentidixs before him into/ ' |
As14 to- ſtay the PakTH1ANS, and to keep them they ſhould come no further : and he himſelf
in. the mean time, to gratifie Ceſar, was contented to be choſen 7ulixs Ceſar's Prieſt and Sacrificer
and ſo they joyntly together diſpatched great matters concerning the ſtate of the Empire. Burt in all
other manner of Sports and Exerciſes, wherein they paſſed the time away the one with the other, 4x
t0nius wasever inferiour unto Ceſar, and alway loſt, which grieved him much. With Antonius there
wasa Soothſayer or Aſtronomer of AG y eT, that could caſt a Figure, and judge of mens Nativities;
to tell them what ſhould happen to them. He either to pleaſe Cleopatra, or elſe for that he found it fo Antonius rold
by his art, told Antonixu plainly, that his fortune (which of it ſelf was excellent good, and very great) by a Soochlay-
was altogether blemiſhed and obſcured by Ceſar's tortune : and therefore he counſeled him utterly ro <*>*ba: his for-
leave his company, and to get him asfar from him ashe could. For thy Demon, ſaid he, (that is ro fay, 305 wa ne
the good Angel and Spirit that keepeth thee) is afraid of his : and being couragious and high when he ; urs 5 Caſars.
is alone, becometh fearfull and timorous when he cometh near unto the other. Howſoever' it was,
_ the events enſuing proved the AGyPTI1aNs words true : for it is ſaid, that as often as they two
drew cuts for paſtime,who ſhould have any thing,or whether they played at dice, Antonins alway loft.
Oftentimes when they were diſpoſed ro ſee Cock-fight, or Quails that were tanght ro fight one with ,,,,,;us vn-
another, Ceſar's Cocks or Quails did ever overcome. The which ſpighted £Antonins in bis mind, al- fortunate in
though he made no outward ſhew of it : and therefore he believed the &Gy-eT1an the better. In ſport andear-
fine, he recommended the affairs of his houſe unto Ceſar, and went out of ITALY with Ofavia his "*t> 9gaink
Wife, whom he carried into GRE £cE after he had had a Daughter by her. Sos Antonias lying all the rr px.g
Winter at ATHE Ns, news came unto him of the Victories of Yenridixs, who had overcome the Pa n- purthil. :
THIANS in Battle, in the which alſo were (lain Labienus and Pharnabates, the chiefeſt Captains King
| Oroaes had. For theſe good news he feaſted all ATHtNs, and kept open houſe for all the Gz tc 1-
ANS, and many Games of price were plaid at ATHEeNs, of the which he himſelf would be Judge.
Whereforeleaying his Guard, his Axes, and tokens of his Empire at his houſe, he came imo the Shew-
place or Liſts (wheretheſe Games were plaid) in along Gown and Slippers afte? the Gxz cran fa-
ſhion, and they carried tipſtaves before him, as Marſhals men do carry betore the Judges,to make place; peyri4ine nota-
and he himſelf in perſon was a ſtickler to part the young men, when they had- fought enough. After ble vittory of
that, Preparing to goto the wars, he made him a garland of the holy' olive, and carried a veſſel with him the Parthians.
of the water of the fountain Clepſydra, becauſe of an Oracle he had received, that ſo commanded him. = —_—__ -=
In the mean time; Yentidis again overcame Pacorus (Orodes Son, King of ParTH1A) ina Battle King of __
fought in the Country of CyrrEsT 1a, he being come agazinwith'a great Army to invade SyYR1A : this's Son, ©
at which Bane was flain @ great number of the PAxt 11a Ns, andamong them Pacorus the Kings
as Tit 2 own
%.
\
y%
T
m4 ANTONIUS.
own Son. This noble exploit as famous as ever any was, was a full revenge to the ROMwans
of the ſhame and loſs they had received before the death of Marcus (raſſus: and he made the
PARTHIANS. fly, and glad to keep themſelves within the Confines and Territories of ME s0 0
TAMIA and MED14, after they had thrice together been overcome in ſeveral Battles. Howbeir,
Vextidins durſt not undertake to follow them any farther, fearing leſt he ſhould have gotten Anton.
diſpleaſure by ir. Notwithſtanding, heled his Army againſt them that bad rebelled, and conquer.
ed them again : amongſt whom he beſieged Antiochus King of ComMaGENnA, who offered him
to give a thouſand Talents to be pardoned his rebellion, and promiſed ever after to be at Antonin,
commandment. But Yentidius made him anſwer, that he ſhould ſend unto Antonins ; who was hot
far off, and would not ſuffer J7entidius to make peace with Antiochus, to the end thar yet this little
exploit ſhould paſs in his name, and that chey ſhould not think he did any thing but by Lieute-
nant Ventidius. The Siege grew very long, becauſe they that were in the Town, _ they could
not be received upon any reaſonable compgſition, determined valiantly to defend themſelves to the
laſt man. Thus Azronixs did nothing, and yet received great ſhame, repenting him much that he
took not their firſt offer, And yet at the laſt he was glad to make Truce with Antzochas, and totake
three hundred Talents for compoſition, Thus after he had ſet order for the State and Afffairs of
SYR1a, he returned againto ATHENS : and having given Yentidixs ſuch honours as he deſerved,
Pentidius the he ſent him to Rot, totriumph for the PakTHIaNS. Pentidius was the onaly man that ever
onely matiof triumphed of the PARTHIANS untill this preſent day, a mean man born, and of no noble Houſe
= _ 4 or Family : who onely came to that he attained unto, through Antronixs friendſhip, the which deli-
trriumphe . , is
for the Parthj. vered him, happy occaſion to atchieve great matters , and yet to ſaytruly, he did ſo well quit himſelf
ans. in all his Enterpriſcgy that he confirmed that which was ſpoken of Antonixs and Ceſar, to wit, that
they were alway more fortunate when they made War .by their Lieutenants, then by themſelves.
For Soſſius one of eAntonins Lieutenants in SYRIA, did notable good ſervice: and Canidinus whom
he had alſo left his Lieutenant inthe borders of AxMeNn1a, did conquer it all, So did he alſo over-
£2 come the Kings of the IBzR1aNns and ALBANIANS, and went on with his Conqueſts unto Mount
— Con- Caucaſus. By theſe Conqueſts, the fame of Antonius Power increaſed more and more, and grew
tt” dreadfull untoall the barbarous Nations, But Antonixs notwithſtanding, grew to be marvellouſly
; offended with (ſar, upon certain reports that had been brought unto him : and ſo rook Sea to
— g0 towards ITALY with three hundred Sail. And becauſe thoſe of Bxunpus 1um would not re-
nianzu, and Ceive his Army into their Haven, he went farther untoTaxznTuM. There his Wife O#evia that
Ofavius Ceſar came out of GREECE with him, beſought him to ſend her unto her Brother, the which he did. 0#4-
via at that time was great with child, and moreover had a ſecond Daughter by him, and yer ſhe put
her ſelf in journey, and met with her Brother Oftavins («ſar p——_ who brought his two
chief friends, 2ecenas and eAgrippa with him, She took them aſide, and with all the inſtance ſhe
could poſlible, intreated them chey wouldnot ſuffer her that was the happieſt Woman of the World,
The words of to become now the moſt wretched and unfortunateſt creature of all other. For now, ſaid ſhe, every
_— un, mans eyesdo gaze on me, thatamthe Siſter of one of the Emperors, and Wife of the other, And
a *"* if the worſt counſell take place _—_ the gods forbid) and that they _ tro Wars: for your
ſelves, it is uncertain to which of them two the.gods have aſligned the victory or overthrow. Bur
for me, on which ſide ſoeverthe viRory fall, my ſtate can be bur moſt miſerable ſill, Theſe words
Ofavia paci- of Oftaviaſo ſoftned Ceſar's heart, that he went quickly unto TaRENTUM. Butitwas a noble
0 mae ſight for them that were preſent, to ſee ſo great an Army by Land not toſtir , and ſo many Ships a-
"rand float in the Road, quietly. and ſafe : and furthermore, the meeting and kindneſs of friends, lo-
her Brother Vingly embracing one another. Firſt, Antonius feaſted Ceſar, which he granted unto for his Siſters
Oftavius Caſur ſake. Afterwards they agreed together, that Ceſar ſhould give «Antonius two Legionsto goagainit
the PAR THIANS : and that Amronins ſhould let Ceſar have an hundred Galleys armed with brazen
Spurs at the Prows. Beſides all this, O# avis obtained of her Husband twenty Brigantines for her
Brother : and of her Brother for her Husband, a thouſand armed men. After they had taken leave
of cach other, Ceſar went immediately ro make War with Sextus Pompeins , to get SICILIA
into his hands, Antonius alſoleaving bis Wife Oftaviaand little Children begorten of her, with Ce-
ſar, and his other Children which he had by Fulvia, went diretly into As 1a, Then began this
peſtilent plague and miſchief of Cleopatra's love (which had flept a long time, and ſeemed to have
been utterly forgotten, and that Antonixe had given place to better counſell) again ro kindle, and
Plato calleth © ro be in force, ſo ſoon as Antonius came near unto SYRI1a, Andintheend, the horſe of the mind,
—_—_— as Plato termeth it, thar is ſo hard of rein (I mean the unreined luſt of concupiſcenſe) did put out of
homiat Antonius head all honeſt and commendable thoughts : for he ſent Fonteins Capito to bring Cleopatra
| Antonius ſent It SYRIA: untowhom, to welcome ber, he gave no trifling things; but unto that ſhe had alrea-
for Cleoparrs dy, he added the Provinces of P4z n1c1a, thoſe of the neithermoſt Syx1a, the Iſle of Cy yrvs,
_—_ and a greaz part of C111c1a, andthat Countrey of Jury where the true Balm is, and that part
| —. of ARaBIa Wherethe NazaTHETanS do dwell, which ftrercherb out toward the Ocean, Theſe
ces unto Cleo. Beat gifts much milliked the Romans. Burt now, though Amtonims did cafily give away great Seig-
para. niories, Realms, and mighty Nations unto ſome private men, and char alſo he took from other Kings
Antigoms their lawfull Realms (4s from Aztgonus King of the J=vys, whom he openly beheaded, where
King © 77> never King before had fleet like death:) yer all this did nor ſo much offend the Ro as, 35
beheaded = the unmealurable- honours which the:did unto Cleopatra. But yet the did much more aggravate
Antonius, Their malice and- ill, will cowards him, becaufe that Cleoparra having brought his wo Tires 4
x on
———
4 y
0 SS”, VT a9 ”
"=
.
£$0n and 4 Daughter, he named his Son eAlexander, and lis Daughter Cleopatra; andgave them :
10 their ſirnames;' the Sun to the one, and the Moon to the 'other, This notwithſtanding, he that 4*tonins twins
could finely cloak his ſharhefull deeds with fine words, ſaid , that the greatneſs and magniticence of + oye "2
the Empire of Roms appeared moſt, not wherethe Romans took, but where they gave much : names, ©
and Nobiliry was' multiplyed amongſt men by the Poſteriry of Kings, when they left ot their ſeed in
divers places : and that by this means his firſt Anceſtor was begotten of Hercules, who had not left
che hope and continuance of his Line and Poſteriry in the womb of one onely woman, fearing Solons
Laws, or regarding the Ordinances of men touching the procreation of children : bur that he gave
it unto nature, and eſtabliſhed the foundation of many noble Races and Families in divers places. Now narinds Guat
when Phraortes had lain bis Father Orodes, and poſſeſſed the Kingdom, many Gentlemen of PaR- his Eather 0.
TH1A forſook him, and fled from him, Amongſt them was Afoneſes a Nobleman, and of great rodes King of
Authority among his Countreymen,. who came unto Antonius that received him, and compared his Partwia,
fortune unto Themwſtocles, and his own riches and magnificence unto the Kings of PeRs1A. For
he gave Moneſes three Cities , LARISSA; ARETHUSA , and HIERAPOLIS, Which was called
| befote BomnicEt. . Howbeit the King of Par TH1 a ſhortly after called him home again, upon his
faith-and word-: - Antonius was glad to let him go, hoping thereby to ſteal upon Phygortes unprovi-
ded: For he ſent unto him, and rold him that they would remain gogd friends, and have peace toge-
ther, ſo he would but onely redeliver the Standards and Enfigns of the Romans (which the Par-
THIANS had won in the Battle where 4. Craſſus was (lain) and the men alſo that remained yet
Priſoners of this overthrow, In the mean time he ſent Cleopatra back into £6 y yT, and took his
way towards ARAB1a and ARMENIA, and there took a general muſter of all his Army he had
together, and of the Kings his Confederates that were come by his commandment to aid him, be-
ing a marvellous number : of the which, the chiefeſt was Artaxaſdes King of ARmtNnta, whodid
furniſh him with fix thouſand Horſemen, and ſeven thouſand Foormen, There were alſo of the Ro- 4110n;u rear
MANS about threeſcore thouſand Footmen, and of Horſemen ( SeaNntarDs and GaurLs rec- and puiſſant
koned for Romans ) to the number of ten thouſand ; and of other Nations thirty thouſand men, Army.
reckoning together the Horſemen and light armed Footmen, This ſo great and puifſant Army (which
made the INDIa Ns quake for fear, _— about the Countrey of the BacTRr1a ns, and all A-
$14 alſoto tremble) ſerved him to no purpoſe, and all for the love he bare to Cleopatra. For the ear-
neſt great deſire he had to lie all Winter with her, made him begin this War out of due time, and for
haſte to put all in hazard : being ſo raviſhed and enchanted with the ſweet poiſon of her love, that he
had no other thought but of her, and how he might quickly'return again, more then how he might
overcome his Enemies. For firſt of all, where he ſhould have wintered in Ax MEN1a to refreſh his
men, wearied with the long journey they had made, having come 8000 furlongs, and then at the be-
ginning of the Spring to go and invade MED14 before the PakRTH1AaNs ſhould ſtir our of their
Houſes and Gariſons : he could tarry no longer, but led them forthwith unto the Province of AT x0-
'PATENE, lewing ARMENIA onthe left hand, and foraged all the Countrey, Furthermore, making
all the haſte he could, he left behind him Engines of battery which were carried with him in 300 Carts
(among the which alſo/ there was a Ram fourſcore foor long) being things moſt neceſſary for him,
and the which he could not get again for money, if they were once loſt or marred. For the high Pro-
vinces of As1 4 have no trees growing of ſuch height and length, neither ſtrong nor ſtreight enough
to make ſuch like Engines of battery. This notwithſtanding, he left them all behind him, as an hin-
derance to bring- his matters and intent ſpeedily to paſs : and left a certain number of men to keep
them, and gave them in charge unto one T atianrns. Then he went to befiege the City of PHrRAar a,
being the chiefeſt and greateſt City the King of MeD14 had; where his wife and children were, Then Antonius be-
he ſtraight found out his own fault, and-the want of his Artillery he left behind him, by the work fiege:he City
be had: in hand : for he was fain for lack of a breach (where his men might come to the Sword with = __
their Eriemies that defended the wall) to force a mount of earth hard to the walls of the Ciry, the which ****
by little and little with great labour, roſe to ſome height. In che mean time King Phraortes came
down with a great Army, who underſtanding that Antonius had left his Engines of battery behind
him, he'ſent a great number of Horſemen before, which environed Tatianus with all his carriage, and
flew him, and ten thouſand men he had with him, © After this the barbarous People took theſe Engines The Parthions
of battery and burnt them, and got many Priſoners, amongſt whom they took alſo King Polemon. rook Amonius
This diſcomfiture marvellouſly troubled all Anronius Army, to receive ſo great an overthrow (be- Bgines of
yond their expeRation) at the beginning of their Journey : inſomuch that Artabazus King of the Ar- _
MENIANS, deſpairing of the good ſucceſs of the Romans, departed with his men, notwith-
ſtanding that he-was himſelf the firſt procurer of this War and Journey. ' On the other ſide, the
PARTHIANS' came couragiouſly unto Atonixs Camp, who lay at the Siege of their chiefeſt City,
and cruelly reviled and threatned him. Antorins therefore fearing that if he lay till and did nothing,
his mens hearts would fail- them; he took ten Legions, with three Cohorts or Enſigns of the Prztors
(which are Companies appointed for the guard of the General) and all his Horſemen, and carried them
out to forage, hoping thereby he ſhould: eaſily allure the Pag THrans to fight a Bactle. Bur
when he had marched about a days journey from his Camp; he ſaw the PaxTH1ans wheeling
round about-him to give bim the onſer, and to skirmiſh with him, when he would think to march
his way. Therefore be ſet out his ſignall of Battle, and yet caufed his Tents and Fardels to be truſſed
up, as though he meant 'not to fight, bur onely to lead his men back again. Then he marched
before the Army of the barbarous People, the which was martialled like a Crefſant or half _—
Tet 3 2
Antoniasdrunk
with the love
of Cleoparra.
[4
t
PX o , bo o ts f '- £f
boy 8 *#:; "8
.
768
Battle betwixt
the Parthians
and Antanita.
The Romans
good order in
their march.
Decimati they kept. Antonius was ſo
Narcial puniſh- men by ten Legions, and then of them he
ment.
The eraf; of device : He gave the chiefeſt of his Gentlemen of the PaxTHians charge, that when they mer the
the Parthicas ROMANS Out of their Camp, going to forage, or to water their Horſe, or for ſome other Pro-
againſt che Ro» viſion, that they ſhould not diſtreſs them roo much, but ſhould ſufter them to
mans.
he Journey
he Parthians
. demanded, he ſhould not break his head about it,
Antonius re= delay, he might do it peaceably, and without
turnerh _ his men ſome time to truſs u
and commanded his Horſemen, that as foon as thought the Legions were near enough unto
their Enemies tq ſet upon the Vaward, they tor ſer ſpurs to their Horſes, and begin the Charge.
The ParTHIANs food in Bartle-ray, and beholding the countenance of the Roma ns as
marched, took them for Souldiers indeed, for that they marched. in as good array as was poſlible.
For in their march they kept their ranks a lirtle ſpace one from another, not ſtragling out of order,
and ſhaking their Pikes, ſpeaking never a word, But fo ſoon as the Alarum was given, the Horſe.
men ſuddenly turned head upon the PaxTH1ANs, and with great cries gave Charge on them : who
at the firſt received their Charge couragiouſly, for they were joyned nearer.chen within an Arrows
ſhoot. But when the Legions alſo came to joyn with them, ſhouting out aloud, and ratling of
their Armours, the PAR TH1aNs Horſes and themſelves were ſo afraid and amazed withall, that
they all curned tail and fled, before the Romans could come to the Sword with them, Then A4»-
fonizs followed them hard in chaſe, being in great hope by this confli& to have to end ali or
the moſt part of this War. But after that his Footmen had chaſed rhem fifty furlongs off, and the
Horſeinen alſo thrice as far, they found in all but thirry perſons taken, and about f re men onely
Nin ; which did much diſcourage them, when they confidered with themſelves, that obtaining the
victory, they had ſlain ſo few of their Enemies: and when they were overcome, they loſt {0
many of their men, as they had done at the overthrow when their carriage was taken. The new
morning Antonins Army truſſed up their carriage, and marched back rowards their Camp : and
by the way in their return they met at the firſt a few of the PaxTH1ANs ; then going on fur.
ther, they met a few more. So oo cn together, they reviled them, and troy-
bled them on every fide, as freſhly and couragiouſly as if they had not been overthrown : ſo that
the Romans very hardly ro their Camp with ſafety. The MzDpzs on the other ſide, that
were beſieged in their chief City of PHRaa Ta, made a falley out upon them that kept the Mount
which they had forced and caft againſt the Wall of the City, drave them for fear from the Mount
ed withall, that he executed the Decimation. For he divided his
put the tenth Legion to death, on whom the lot fell : and
for the' other nine, he cauſed them to have Barley given them inſtead of Wheat. Thus this War
fell out troubleſome unto both parties, and the end thereof much more fearfull : for Ante could
look for no other of his fide but famine, becauſe he could forage no more, nor ferch in any Vicu-
als, without great loſs of his men : and on the other fide, Phraortes knew well that the
PARTHIANS woulddo any thing rather then lie in Camp abroad in the Winter, Therefore he
was afraid, that if the Romans continued their Siege all Winter long, and made War with him
Rill, that his men would forſake him, and ſpecially becauſe the time of the year went away apace,
and the air waxed cloudy and cold in the &quinoQtiall Autumn, Thereupon he called to mind this
carry ſomewhat
away, and greatly commend their valiantneſs and hardineſs, for which their King did efteem them
the more, and not without cauſe. After theſe firſt allurements, they began by little and little to come
nearer unto them, and to talk with them on Horſeback, greatly blaming «Aztoxix; ſelf-will , that
did not give their King Phraortes occaſion to make a good Peace, who defired nothing more thento
ſave the lives of ſo goodly a mpg ot valiant men ; but that he was too fondly bent to abide
two of the greateſt and moſt Enemies he could have, to wit, Winter and Famine, the
i the PARTHIANS did the beſt they could to aid and
accompan
for the xr
a
King of PAxTH14a anſwered __
but if he w
W
his
p their carri
But though he had an excellent ing Wi
of War, and that he could
Domuins Anobarbus., Many of them took
diſdain of them : but the es art of them
aſhamed. Therefore they it their duties
minded to rerurn- che ſame way he came , being a plain barren Countrey
there came a Souldier to him, in the Countrey of the MARDIA NS
familiar with the PagTHIANS, knew their faſhions
true and faithfull ro the Rqnans in the Batle where
AA + 2A <-> Dc. Ro nos
- | 4 :
<0 3% 4's
g eo s
C1 et 7: :
ANTONIUS.
Ms ns ore ee
taken away. This man came tO eAntonm, to counſell him to beware how he went that way, and
to make his Army a prey (being heavily armed) unto ſo great a number of Horſemen, all Ar in
the open field, where they ſhould have nothing to let them to compaſs him round about : and that
this was Phraortes fetch, to offer him ſo fri ly conditions and courteous words, to make him raiſe
his ſiege, that he might afterwards meet him as he would in the Plains : howbeir, if he thought g60d
he would guide him another way 0n the right hand, through woods and mountains, a far nearer way;
and where he ſhould find grear plenty of all things needfull for bis Army. eAntonius hearing what
he faid, called his Council rogether to conſult upon ir. For after he had made peace with the Par-
THIANS, he was lothto give them cauſe to think he miſtruſted them : and on the other fide alſo,
he would gladly ſhorten his way, and paſs by places well inhabited, where he might be provided of
all things neceſſary : therefore he asked the MaxD1a x what pledge he would put in, to perform
that he promiſed. The MARDI1aN gave himſelf to be bound hand and foot, till he had brought
his Army into the Countrey of ARMENIA. So he guided his Army thus , two days t
without any trouble or ſight of Enemy. Bur the third day Anronixs thinking the PAgTHIANS would
no more follow him,and truſting thereto, ſuffered his Souldiers to march in diſorder as every man liſted:
The MARDIAN perceiving that the dams of a River were newly broken up, which they ſhould have
paſſed over, and that the River had overflown the banks, and drowned all the way they ſhould have
gone, he gueſſed ſtraight that the PARTHIANS had done it, and had thus broken it open, to ſtay
the ROMANS for getting too far before them, Therefore he bade Antonius look to himſelf, and
rold him that his Enemies were not far off. Antronixs having ſet his men in order, as he was placing of
his Archers and Slingmen to reſiſt the Enemies, and to drive them back, they deſcried the Pax THI The Parthians
ANS that wheeled round about the Army, to compaſs them in on every fide, and to break their do ſer upon |
ranks, and their light armed men gave charge upon them. So after they had hurt many of the Ro. 4%%9in in his
MANS with their Arrows, and that they themſelves were alſo burt by them with their Darts and **%s
Plummets of Lead, they retired alittle, and then came again and gave ge, untill that the Horſe-
men of the GAuLs turned their Horſes, and fiercely galloped towards them, that they diſperſed them
ſo, as all that day they gathered no more together. Hereby Antonius knew what to do, and did not
onely ſtrengthen the Rereward of his Army, but boththe Flanks alſo with Darts and Sling-men, and
made his Army march in a {quare Battle : commanding the Horſemen, that when the Enemies ſhould
come to affail them, they ſhould drive them back, but not follow them too far. Thus the Parr a1-
ANS four days after, ſeeing they did no more hurt to the Roxa ns, then alſo received of
them, they were not ſo hot upon them as they were accuſtomed, but exculing themlelyes by the Win-
ter that troubled them, they determined to return back again. The fifth day Flavixs Gallus, a va- The bold att
liant man of his hands, that had charge in the Army, came unto Antorixs to pray him to let him have of FlavixeGat-
ſome more of his light armed men then were already in the Rereward, and ſome of the Horſemen that '*:
were in the Vaward, hoping thereby to do ſome notable exploit. Antonin: granting them unto him,
when the Enemies came according to their manner to ſet upon the tail of the Army, and to skirmiſh
with them, Flavixs couragioully made them retire, but notas they were wont to do before, to retire
and joyn preiently with their Army , for he over-raſhly thruſt in among them to fight ic out at the
Sword. The Captains that had the leading of the Rereward, ſecing Flavixs ſtray too far from the
Army, ſent unto himto will him to retire, but he would not hearken to it. And it is reported alſo,
that Tir himſelf the Trealurer, took the Enſigns, and did what he could to make the Enfign-
bearers return back, reviling Flavins Gallus , becauſe through his folly and deſperateneſs he cau-
ſed many honeſt and valiant men to be both hurt and ſlain tro no purpole. Gals alſo fell out with
him, al commanded his men to ſtay. Wherefore Titi«« returned again into the Army, and Gal-
Ius ſtill overthrowing and driving the Enemies back whom he met in the Vaward, he was not aware
that he was compaſſed in : and ſeeing himſelf environed on all ſides, he ſent unto the Army, that
they ſhould come and aid him, where che Caprains that led the Legions _ which (ani-
dixs, a man of great eftimation about Azronixs made one ) committed many faults. For where c,1;4;w £vi
they ſhould have made head with the whole ang Broom the PaARTHIA NS, they ſent him aid by Anronixs Cap-
ſmall Companies : and when they were lain, they ſent him others alſq, So that by their beaſtli- rain.
neſs and lack of conſideration , they had like to have made all the Army fly, if Aztonixs him-
ſelf. had not come from the Front of the Battle with the third Legion, the which came through the
midft of them that fled, untill they came to affront the Enemies, and ſtayed them from chafing any
farther. Howbeit at this laſt confli& there were ſlain no leſs then three thouſand men, and five thou-
ſand beſides brought ſore hurt into the a and amongft them alſo F/avias Gallzs, whoſe bedy | « "ny Gates
e
was ſhot through in four places, whereof he died. Aztonixs went to the Tents te viſic and com- - = "i
fort the ſick and wounded, and for pities ſake he could not refrain from weeping : and they alſo g them thar
ſhewing him the beſt countenance they could, took him by the hand, and prayed him to go and be were wounded.
dreſſed, and nor to trouble himſelt for them, moſt ny ny their Emperor and Cap-
tain: and that for themſelves, they were whole znd ſafe, ſo that he had his health. For indeed to
fay truly, there was not at that time any Emperor or Captain that had ſo great and puiſſant an
Army as his together, both for 7 youths and courage of Souldiers, as alſo for their patience to
away with ſo great pains and trouble. Furthermore, the obedience and reverence they ſhewed unto The love and
their Captain, with a marvellous carneſt love and good will, was ſo great, and all were indifferencly apa? of
(as well great as ſmall, the Noblemen, as mean men, the Captains as Souldiers ) ſo earneſtly = - no
bens to elteem- Antonins good will and favour, above their own life and ſafety, that in this polar
0
f .%7 -
o Ws - »4p<
- Ne I,
_! > "Y
x B
SR a,
of Martiall Diſcipline, the ancient ROMA ns could not have done any more. But diyers things were
cauſe.thereof, as we have told you before : Anton Nobility and ancient Houſe, his eloquence, his
plain nature, his liberality and magnificence, and familiarity to ſport and be. merry in company ;
The care and but ſpecially the care he took at that time to help, viſit, and lament thoſe that were fick and
ſingular gifts wounded, ſeeing eyery man to haye that which was meet for him, was of ſuch force and effe, as
of Antonizs, *t made them that were fick and wounded to love him better, and were more deſirous to do him
ſervice then thoſe that were whole and ſound, This ViRory ſo encouraged the Enemies (who other..
wiſe were weary to follow Artonixs any farther) that all night they kept the Fields, and hovered
about the Romans Camp, thinking that they would preſently fiy, and that then they ſhould
take the ſpoil of their .Camp. So the next morning by break of day, there were gathered toge.
ther a far greater number of the PaxTH1 Aa Ns then they were before, For the rumour was, that
there were not much fewer then forty thouſand Horſe, becauſe their King ſent thither even the very
Guard about his Perſon, as unto a moſt certain and affured ViRory, that they might be partners of
The King of the ſpoil and booty they hoped to have had : for as touching the King himſelf, he was never in any
Parthia never Conflit or Battle. Then eAntonins defirous to ſpeak to his Souldiers, called for a black Gown
came to ſight to appear the more pitifull to them : but his friends did diflwade him from it, Therefore he put on
in the field. his 'Coat-armour, and being ſo apparelled, made an Oration to his Army : in the which he highly
commended them that had overcome and driven back their Enemies, and greatly rebuked them that
had cowardly turned their backs. So that thoſe which had overcome, prayed him to be of good chear:
the other alſo to clear themſelves, willingly offered to take the lot of Decimation if he thought good,
or otherwiſe to receive what kind of puniſhment ſhould pleaſe him to lay upon them , fo that he
Antonive cha. uld forget any more to miſlike, or to be offended with them. Aztonixs ſeeing that, did lift up
er rea +. hishands ro heaven, and made his Prayer to the gods, that if in exchange of his former Victories, they
tothe godsfor Would now ſend him ſome bitter adverſity, then that all might light on himſelf alone, and that they
his Army. would give the Victory to the reſt of his Army, The next morning, they gave better order on every
ſide of the Army, and ſo marched rand : ſo that when the PaxTHIANS thought to return
again to aſſail them, they came far ſhort of the reckoning. For where they thought to come, not
to fight, but to ſpoil and make havock of all, when they came near them, they were ſore hurt with
their Slings and Darts, and ſuch other Javelins as the Romans darted at them, and the ParTH1-
ANS found them as rough and deſperate in fight, as if they had been freſh men they had dealt withall,
Whereupon their hearts began again to fail them. But yer when the Roma Ns came to go down
any ſteep Hills'or Mountains, they would fet on them with their Arrows, becauſe the Roma ws
The Romans ©9uld go down but fair and ſoftly. But then again, the Souldiers of the Legion that carried great
bo fudo ang Shields, returned back, and incloſed them that were naked or light armed, in the middeſt —_
: them, and did kneel on one knee on the ground, and ſo ſet down their Shields before them : a
they of the ſecond rank alſo covered them of the firſt rank, and the third alſo covered the ſecond,
and ſo from rank- to rank all were covered. Inſomuch that this manner of covering and ſhading
themſelves with Shields, was' deviſed after the faſhion of laying tiles upon Houſes, and to fight was,
like the degrees of a Theatre, and is a moſt ſtrong defence and Bulwark againſt all Arrows and Shot
"that falleth upon ir. When the PaxTHIANs ſaw this countenance of the Roman Souldiers of
the Legion which kneeled on the ground in that ſort upon one knee, ſuppoſing that they had been
wearied with travell, they layed down their Bowes, and took their Spears and Launces, and came
to fight with them Ros the man, Theri the Roma Ns ſuddenly roſe upon their feet, and with the
Darts that they threw from them, they ſlew the foremoſt, and, put the reſt to flight, and ſo did they
the next days that followed. But by means of theſe dangers and lets, Antonius Army could win
no way in aday, by reaſon whereof they ſuffered great famine : for they could have but little Corn,
and yet were they driven daily to fight for it ; and beſides that, they had no inſtrument to =_ it,
to make Bread of it. For the moſt part of them had been left behind, becauſe the Beaſts that car-
Grear Eancie, Tied them were either dead, or elſe employed to carry them that were fore and wounded. For the
in Antoni Famine was ſo-extream great, that the eighth part of a buſhell of Wheat was ſold for fifty Drach-
Army. ma's, and they ſold Barley-bread by the weight of Silver. In the end they were compelled to live of
Herbs and Roots, but they found few of them that men do commonly eat of, and were enforced
to taſte of them that were never eaten before : among the which, there was one that killed them,
and made them out of their wits, For hethat had once eaten of it, his memory went from him,
"and he knew'no manner of thing, but onely buſied bimſelf in digging and hurling of ſtones from one
A deadly herb, .place to another, as though it had heen a matter of great weight, and to be done with all poſlible
incurable with ſpeed. All the Camp over, men were buſily tooping to the ground, digging and carrying of ſtones
our WIne- .+* © from one pfateto another : but at the laſt, they caſt up a great deal of choler, and' died ſuddenly,
becauſe they lacked Wine, which was the onely Soveraign remedy to cure that diſcaſe, It is reported
' that cAntonins ſeeing ſucha number of his men die daily, and that the PAR THIANS left them not,
Thevaliantneſs neither would ſuffer them to be at reſt, he oftentimes cried out ſighing, and faid : O ten thouſand!
of ren thouſand He had the' valiantneſs of ten thouſand Ge tc1awns in ſuch admiration, whom Xenophon brought
Grecian» 1. away after the overthrow of (rw : becauſe they had come a farther Journey from Baz 09
phon brought and had alſo fought =—_ much more Enemies many times told, then themſelves, _ came
away after the home with ſafety. The ParxTHIans therefore ſeeing that they could not break the go order of
overthrow of the Army of the Roa Ns, and contrarily, that they themſelves were oftentimes put to flight, and
_ welfayouredly beaten, they fell again to their old crafty ſubtilties, For when they found any of che
) "IO" WE
—_—_ a=
or
gainſt
RoMaNt
| —
m7
ANTONXNITUS:.
Romans ſcattered from the apy to go forrage, to ſeek ſome Corn, or other ViQuals, they
would come to them as if they had been their friends, and ſhew them their Bows unbent, ſaying,
that themſelves alſo did return home to their Countrey as they did, and that they would follow them
no farther ; howbeit that they ſhould yet have certain MEDEs that would follow them a days jour-
ney or two, to keep them that they ſhould do no hurt to the Villages from the high-ways, and ſo
holding them with this talk, they gently rook their leave of them, and bad them farewell, ſo that
the Romans began again to think themſelves ſafe. Antonia allo underſtanding this, being very
glad of it, determined to take his way through the plain Countrey, becauſe alſo they ſhould find
no water in the Mountains, as it was reported unto him; So as he was determined to take his courſe,
there came into his Hoſt one Mithridates, a Gentleman from the Eneniies Camp, who was Couſin
unto Moneſes that led unto Antonius, and unto whom he had given three Cities, When he came
ro eAnonius Camp, he prayed them to bring him one that could ſpeak.the PagTHIAN or Sy-
RIAN Tongue, So one eAlexander ANTIOCHIAN, a familiar of Antonine, was brought unto
him. Then the Gentleman told him what be was, and ſaid that 2doneſes had ſent bim to Antonius,
to requite the honour and courteſie he had ſhewed unto him, After he had wed this ceremonious
ſpeech, he asked eAlexanger if he ſaw thoſe high Mountains afar off, which he pointed unto with his
finger. eAlexander anſwered he did. The ParTH1aNs (ſaid he) do lie in ambuſh at the foot of
thoſe Mountains, under the which lieth 2 goodly plain champion Countrey : and they think that
you being deceived with their crafty ſubtle words, will leave the way of the Mountains, and turn
into the Plain, For the other way, it is very hard and painful}, and you ſhall abide great thirſt, the
which you are well acquainted withall ; bur if Antonius take the lower way, let him aſſure himſelf to
run the ſame fortune that £ Marcus Craſſus did, So Muthridates baving ſaid, he departed. Antonius
was marvellouſly troubled in his mind when he heard thus much, and therefore called for his friends,
to hear what they would ſay roit. The MarD1an alſo that was their guid, being asked his opi-
nion, anſwered, that he thought as much as the Gentleman Mthridates had ſaid. For, ſaid he, ad-
mit that there were no Ambuth of iesin the Valley, yet it is a long crooked way, and ill to hit:
where taking the Mountain way, tho9Fh it be ſtony and painfull, yer there is no other danger, but
2 whole days travelling without any water. So Antonius changing his firſt mind and determination,
removed that night, and took the Mountain way, commanding every man to provide himſelf of
water, But the moſt part of them lacking Veſſels to carry water in, ſome were driven to fill their
Sallets and Murrians with water, and others alſo filled: Goats skins to carry water in. Now they
marching forward, word was brought unto the PARTHIANS that they were removed : whereup-
on, contrary to their manner, they preſently followed them the ſelf-ſame night, ſo that by break. of
day they overtook the Rereward of the Romans, who were ſo lame and wearied with goi
and lack of ſleep, that they were even done.- For beyond expectation, they had gone that night,
wo hundred and forty furlongs, and further, to ſee their Enemies ſo ſuddenly. art their backs, thar
made them utterly deſpair ; but moſt of all, the fighting with them increaſed their thirſt, becauſe
they were forced to fight as they marched, to drive their Enemies back, yet creeping on ſtill, The
Vaward of the Army by chance met with a River that was very clear and cold water , but it was falt
and venemous to drink : for ſtraight it did gnaw the guts of thoſe that had drunk it, and made them
marvellous dry , and put them into a terrible ach and pricking. And notwithſtanding that the
MARD1A N had told them of it before, yer they would not be ruled, but violently thruſt them
back that would have kept them from drinking, and ſo drank, But Anronixs going up and down
amongſt them, prayed them to take a little patience for a while, for hard by there was another
River that the water was excellent good to drink, and that from thenceforth the way was ſtony
and ill for Horſemen, that the Enemies could follow them no further, So he cauſed the Retreat to
be ſounded to call them back that fought, and commanded the Tents to be ſet up, that rhe Souldiers
might yet have ſbadow to refreſh them with, So when the Tents were ſet up, and the ParTH1-
ANS alſo retired according to their manner, the Gentleman Afithradates before named, returned
again as before, and Alexander in like manner again was brought unto him for Interpreter. -Then
Aitbridates adyiſed him, that after the Army had repoſed a little, the Roma ns ſhould remove
forthwith, and with all poſſible ſpeed ger to the River ; becauſe thePar THIAaNs would go,no
further, but yet were cruelly bent to follow them thither. eLlexander carried the report thereof un-
to Antonius, who gavehim a great deal of Gold Plate to beſtow upon Mithridates. Mithrida-
tes took as much of him as he could well carry away in his Gown, and ſo departed with ſpeed. So
Antonixs raiſed his Camp being yet day light, and cauſed all his Army to march, and the Pa & rt + 1-
ANS never troubled any of them by the way : but amongſt themſelves it was as ill and dreadfull a
* night as everthey had. For there were villains of their own company, who cut their fellows throats
for the Money they had , and. beſides thar, robbed the Sumpters and Carriage of ſuch Money as
they carried, and atlength they ſet upon Antonin; Slaves that drave his own Sumprers and Carri-
Mes they -brake goodly Tables and rich Plate in pieces, and divided it among themſelves. Thereupon
the Camp was in tumult and uproar : for the reſidue of them were afraid it had been
the PARTHIANS that had given them this Alarm, and had put all the Army out of order. Jn-
ſomuch that Antonius called tor one Rhamnus, one of his Slaves enfranchiſed that was of his Guard,
and made him give him his faith that he would thruſt his Sword through him when be would bid
him, and cur oft his head, becauſe he might not be taken alive of his Enemies, nor known when
he were dead. This grieved his friends to the heart, that they burſt out a weeping for _—
e
The Parthians
very ſubtle and
crafty People.
Mithridates 2
Parthian, be-
wrayeth unto
Antonius the
conſpiracy of
his own Coun-
rreymen a-
gainlt him,
A ſale River,
Antonius great
liberality unto
Mithridazes for
the care he had
of his lafery.
The cumulr of
Antonius Soul.
diers through
coyetouſnels.
Antowus deſ-
perate mind.
ANTONIVUS:
The MARD1An alſo did comfort him, and aſſured him that the River he ſought for was hard by, and
that hedid gueſs it by a ſweet moiſt wind that breathed upon them, and by the air which they found
freſher then they were wont, and alſo for that they ferched their wind more at liberty , and more.
over, becauſe that ſince they did ſer forward, he thought they were near their journeys end , nor
lacking much ofday. On the other ſide alſo Antonius was informed, that this great tumult and trouble
came' not through-che Enemies, but through the vile covetouſneſs and villany of certain of his Soul«
diers. Therefore «Antonius to ſet his Army again in order, and to pacife this uproar, ſounded the
Trumpet that every man ſhould lodge. Now day began to break, and the Army to fall again into
good order, and all the hurly burly to ceaſe, when the PaxTH1ANs drew near, and that their
- Arrows lighted athong them of the Rereward of his Army. Thereupon the fignall of Battle was
given to the light armed men, and the Legioners did cover themſelves as they had done before with
their Shields, with rhe which they received and defended the force of the ParTH1ANS Arrows,
who never durſt any more come to handy ſtrokes with them : and rhus they that were in the V award,
went down by little and little, till at length they eſpied the River. There eAntonins placed his armed
men upon the ſands fo receive and drive back the Enemies, and firſt of all, got. over his men that
were ſick and hurt, and afterwards all the reft, And thoſe alſo that were left to reſiſt the Enemies,
* had leiſure enough rodrink ſafely, and at their pleaſur. For when the PaxTHIA NS ſaw the Ri-
ver, they unbent their Bows, and bad the Romans paſs over without any fear , and greatly
commended their- valiantneſs. . When they had all paſſed over the River at their eaſe; they rook a
little breath, and ſo marched forward again, not greatly truſting the Pa k TH1a ns. The ſixth day
Araxes fl, after this laſt Battle, they came to the River of Araxes, which divideth the Countrey of Ar».
NIA from MED1a ; the which appeared unto them very dangerous to paſs, for the depth and
ſwiftneſs of the ſtream, And furthermore there ran a rumour through the Camp, that the Pax-
THIANS lay in ambuſh.thereabouts, and that they would come and ſet upon them whileſt they were
troubled in paſſing over the River. But now, after they were all come ſafely over without any dan-
ger, and that they had gotten to the other ſide, into the Prgyince of ARME NI a, ther they wor-
thipped that Land, as if ir had been the firſt Land they hadeen after a long and dangerous voyage
by Sea, being now arrived in a ſafe and happy Haven : and the tears ran down their cheeks, and
every man imbraced each other for the great joy they had. But now, keeping the Fields in this fruit-
full Countrey ſo-plentifull of all things, after ſo great a famine and want of all things, they ſo cram-
med themſelves with ſuch plenty of victualls, that many of them were caſt into Fluxes and Droplies.
There Antonius muſtring his whole Army,found that he had loſt twenty thouſand Footmen, and four
thouſand Horſemen, which had not all been lain by their Enemies : for the moſt part of them died
: of ſickneſs, making ſeven and twenty days journey, coming from the City of PHRAATA in Ax-
Eighteen ſeve- MEN1A, and having overcome the PaRTHIANS in eighteen ſeveral Battles. But theſe Victories
ral Batcles yerenot throughly performed nor accompliſhed, becauſe they followed no long chaſe : and thereby
fought with the ; . ; .
Pa%hims, it calily appeared, that Artabazus King of ARMEN1A had kept eAntonins from ending this War.
The treachery For if the ſixteen thouſand Horſemen which he brought with him out of MEep1 a, had been at theſe
of Artabizus Battles (conſidering that they were armed and apparelled much after the PaxT#1 a Ns manner, and
King of Arme- aequainted alſo with their fight, when the Romans had put them to flight that had fought a Battle
9:4 unto 49- with them, and that theſe ARMEN1axs had followed the chaſe of them that fled) they had not ga-
chered themſelves again in force, neither durſt they alſo have returned to fight with them ſo often at-
ter they had been' ſo many times overthrown, Therefore all thoſe that were of any credit and coun-
tenance in the Army, did perſwade and egg Antonins to be revenged of this AR MEN14 N King : but
Antonius wiſely diſſembling his anger, hetold him not of his treachery, nor gave himthe worſe coun-
tenance, nor did him leſs honour then he did before : becauſe he knew his Army was weak, and lack-
ed things neceſſary. Howbeit afterwards he returned again into ARMENIA with a great Army,
and ſo with fair words, and ſweet promiſes of Meſſengers, he allured 4rrabazxs to cometo him :
Antonius tri. Whom he then kept Priſoner, and led in triumph in the City of ALExanDrIAa. This greatly of-
umphed of Ar- fended the Romans, and made them much ro miſlike it, when they ſaw that for Cleopatra's lake
zabaxus King he deprived his Countrey of her due honour and glory, onely to gratifie the &GyPpTIians. But
E_ in this was a pretty while atter. Howbeit then, the great haſte he made to return unto Cleopatra, cau-
Pt ſed him to put his men to ſo great pains, forcingthem to lie in the field all Winter long when it ſnew
unreaſonably, that by the way he loſt eight thouſand of his men, and ſo came down to the Seaſide
with a ſmall company, unto acertain place called Bt. a xc yours : which ſtandeth betwixt the Ct
Antonius pined ties of Berry Tus and $1D0N, and there tarried for {leopatra. And becauſe ſhe tarried longer then
away looking he would have had her, be pined away for love and ſorrow : ſo that he was at ſuch a ſtraight, that be
7 $e1m plan wiſt not what todo, and therefore to wear it out, he gavehimſelf to quaffing and feaſting, Bur he
2 wr » rev was ſodrowned with the love of her, that he could not abide to fit at the Table till the Feaſt was end-
unto Anton;us, ©: but many times while others banquerted,, he ran to the Sea ſide to ſee if ſhe were coming. At
length ſhe came, and brought with her a world of Apparell and Money to give unto the'Souldiers.
But ſome lay notwithſtanding, that the brought Apparell and no Money; and that ſhe'took of Ano
ins Money, and cauſed it to be given amongſt the Souldiers in her own name, as if ſhe had given it
them, In —_—_ _ it chanced that the King of 'the MEpzs, and: Ig King « - *
. . THIANS, fell at great Wars together, the which began (as iti3 reported) for the {poils of the K0-
bo. I MANS: and grew.to be ſo hot berween them, ns lb of NE derobe was no leſs afraid, then
and Medes, Ao: in danger ro loſe his whole Realm; Thereupoh he ſent unto Antonins, to pray him t0 _
” : an
— = a a= «a. «cc ac cc .. ..
A N - 4 O N 1 U 9, 773
and make War with the Pa ® THIANs, promiſing him that he would aid him to his uttermoſt
power. This put Antonius again in good comfort, conſidering that unlooked for, the onely thing Wars berwixr
he lacked (which made him he could -not oyercome the PARTHIANS, meaning that he had not the Parthians
brought Horſemen, and men with Darts and Slings enough) was offered him ia that ſort, that it did "9 Medes-
him more pleaſure to accept it, then it was pleaſure to the qther to offer it, Hereupon, after he had
ſpoken with the King of Mznzs at the Riyer of Araxes, he prepared himſelf once more to g0
through A&MENIA , and to make more cruel War with the PAR THIANS , then he had done
before, Now whileſt Antonius was buſie in this preparation, Ottavia his Wife, whom he had left
at Rome, would needs take Sea to come unto him, Her Brother Ottavixs (ſar was willing to it,
not for his reſpect ar all (as moſt Authors do report) as for that he might have an honeſt colour
to make War with Antonixs, if be did miſuſe her, and not eſteem her as ſhe ought to be. But 084viz, 4nty:
when ſhe was come to ATHENS, ſhe received Letters from Axtonss, willing her to ſtay there uncill nius Wife, |
his coming, and did adyertiſe her of his journey and determination. The which though it grieved her ©*"<*0 _
much, and chat ſhe knew it was bur an excule : yer by her Letters to him of anſwer, ſhe asked him = ——_—
whether he would have thoſe things ſent unto him which ſhe had brought him, being great tore of
Apparell for Souldiers, a great number of Horſe, ſums of Money and gifts, to beſtow on his friends
and Captains he had about him: and beſides all choſe, ſhe had two thouſand Souldiers choſen men,
all well armed like untothe Pretors Bands. When 2 5ger, one of Antonius friends whom he had ſent
he came ſuddenly upon ber, ſhe madeas though ſhe dried her eyes, and turned her face away, as if The flickering
ſhe were unwilling that he ſhould ſee her weep. All theſe tricks ſhe uſed, e Antonius rs rea- a 5
Cleop;tra's mind, blamed Antonius, and told him that he was a hard natured man, and that he had 4%:
ſmall love in him, that would fee a poor Lady in ſuch zorment for his fake, whoſe life depended onely =
mind, thac fearipg leſt ſhe would make her elf aay » he returned again unto ALEXANDRIA,
ow
ſpake che word, ſo did ſhe alſo perform the deed ; for ſhe kept Rill in Anroxins Houſe, as if be b** viſe 2nd
had been there, and very honeſtly and honourably kept his Children, not onely thoſe ſhe had by {292 **-
hayiour,
when Antonius ſerx any of
gue wh child. Secondly, be called the Sons he had by ber,che Kings of Kings, and 272%", 2"
withall
ANTONIVUS.
withall he brought out Alexander in a long Gown after the faſhion of the Mzps s, with a high cop-
tank Har on his head, narrow in the top, as the Kings of the Mzpzs and ARMENIANS do uſe
to wear them : and Prolomy apparelled in a Cloak atter the Maceponian manner, with Slip.
pers on his feet, and a broad Hat, with a Royall Band of Diadem, Such was the Apparel and old
Attire of the ancient Kings and Succeſſors of 'Alexandey the Great, So afrer his Sons had done their
humble duties, and kiſſed their Father and'Mother, prefently a company of AR MENIAN Souldiers,
ſet there of purpoſe, compaſſed the one about, and a like company of Mac t00 N1ANS the other,
Now for Cl:opatra, ſhe did not onely wear at that time (bur at all other times elſe when ſhe came
abroad) the Apparel of the goddeſs 1ſis, and ſo gave audience unto all her Subjects, as a new 1ſic.
Accuſations Ottavius Ceſar reporting all theſe things unto the Senate, and oftentimes accuſing him to the whole
berwixt Ofa- People and Affembly in Roe, he thereby ſtirred up all the Roma ws againſt him. Antonixs on the
vius Gaſar, and gther fide ſent to Ro ME likewiſe to ie ar and the chiefeſt points of his accuſations he charged
Anon. him with, were theſe, Firſt, that having ſpoiled Sextus Pompeius in $1c1LE, hedid not give him his
part of the Iſle, . Secondly, that he did detain in his hands the Ships he lent him to make that War,
Thirdly, That having put Lepidws their companion and Triumvirate out of his part of the Empire,
and having deprived him of all honours, he retained for himſelf the Lands and Revenues thereof, which
had been aſſigned unto him for his part. And laſt of all, That he had in manner divided all It ary
amongſt his own Souldiers, and had left no part of it for his Souldiers. Ottavixs Ceſar anſwered
him again : Thatfor Lepidws, he had indeed depoſed him, and taken his part of the Empire from
him, becauſe he did over-cruelly uſe his Authority. And ſecondly, For the Conqueſts he had made
by force of Arms, he was contented eAntonius ſhould have his part of them, ſo that he would like-
wiſe let\ him have his part of ARMen1a, And thirdly, That for his Souldiers, they ſhould ſeek
for nothing in ITALY, becanſe they poſſeſſed MeDia and ParTH1A, the which Provinces they
had added to the Empire of Row, valiantly fighting with their Emperor and Captain, Amntonixs
hearing theſe news, being yetin ARME N14, commanded (45d; to go preſently to the Sea fide
with his fixteen Legions he had : and he himſelf with Cleopatra, went unto the City of Eeyz us,
———_—_ and there gathered together his Galleys and Ships out of all parts, which came to the number of
with eight Eight hundred, reckoning the great Ships of burthen : and of thoſe {Jeoparra furniſhed him with
hundred Szil two hundred and twenty thouland Talents beſides, and Proviſion of Vidctuals alſo to maintain all
againſt OZavi- the whole Army in this War. So Antonixs, through the perſwaſion of Domitrixs, commanded
us Caſer. Cleopatra to return again into £6GyPT, and there to underſtand the ſucceſs of this War, But
« Cleopatra fearing leſt Antonixs ſhould again be made friends with Oftavins (ſar, by the means
of his Wife Oftavia, ſhe ſo plied Canidixs with Money, and filled his purſe, that he became her
ſpokſ-man unto Antonime, and told him, there was no reaſon to ſend bo from this War, who
defrayed ſo great a charge: neither that it was for his pom, becauſe thereby the AGyPT1ANs
would then be utterly di _ which were the chieteſt ftrength of the Army by Sea : conſider-
ing that he could ſee no King of all the Kingstheir Confederates, that pn was inferiour unto,
either for wiſdom or judgement, ſeeing that long before ſhe had wiſely governed ſo great a Realm
as £GyPT, and beſides that, ſhe had been ſo long acquainted with him, by whom ſhe had lear-
Antonius car= ned to manage great Affairs, Theſe fair perſwaſions wan him : for it was predeftinated that the
_ nn Government of all the World ſhould fall into Oftavins Ceſar's hands, Thus, all their Forces being
Wars mated joyned together, they hoiſed Sail towards the Iſle of Sa mo s, and there gave themſelves to Feaſts
OftaviusCeſer; and ſolace, For as all the Kings, Princes, and Commonalties, People, and Cities from Syara,
and kept great unto the Marſhes Mzotides, from the ARMENIANS to the ILLYR1AaNs were ſent unto, to
feaſting ac the ſend and bring all Munition and warlike preparation they-could : even ſo all Players, Minſtrels, Tun-
--— <p blers, Fools, and Jefters, were commanded to aſſemble in the Iſle of Samos. So that, where in
MN manner all the World in every place was full of lamentations, fighs and tears, onely in this Iſle of
Samos there was nothing for many days ſpace but Koging and Piping, and all the Theatre full of
theſe common Players, Minſtrels, and Singing-men. es all this, every on ſent an Ox thither
to ſacrifice, and Kings did ftrive one with another who ſhould make the nobleſt Feaſts, and give the
richeſt Gifts, So that every man ſaid, What can they do more for joy of brag if they win the
Battle, when they make already ſuch ſumptuous Feaſts at the beginning of the War? When this
was done, he gave the whole rabble of theſe Minſtrels, and ſuch kind of People, the City of Pa1-
ENE to keep them withall, rs mg War, Then he went unto the Ciry of ATHzNs , and
there _ himſelf again to ſee Plays and Paſtimes, and to keep the Theatres. Cleoparra 0n the
other fide, being jealous of the Honours which O#avia bad received in this Ciry, where indeed ſhe
. was marvellouſly honoured and beloved of the ATHENIANS, to win the Peoples good will alſo
at ATHENS, ſhe gave them great Gifts : and they likewiſe gave her many great Honours, and ap-
pointed certain Ambaſſadors to carry the Decree to her Houſe, among the which Antonius Wi
one, —_— a Citizenof ATHENS) reported the matter unto her, and made an Oration in the
Antonizpur behalf of the City. Afterwards he ſent to Rom to put his Wife Ottavie out of his Houſe, who
bis Wife Of«- (as itis reported) went out of his Houſe with all Antonius Children, ſaving the 'eldeſt of them he
vis out of his by Fulvia, who was with his Father : bewailing and lamenting her curſed hap, that had brought
Houle at Rome her to this, that ſhe was accounted one of the chifeſt cauſes of this Civil War, The Romans did
pity her, bur much more Antroxius, and thoſe ſpecially that had ſeen Cleoparra: who neither excelled
Ofavia inbeauty, nor yet in young years. . Ofvins Ceſar underſtanding the ſudden and wonder-
full great preparation of Antonius, he was not a little aftonied at it (fearing he ſhould be driven co fight
that
[_—
_
ol
| | TOUNIUS. 775
that Summer) becauſe he wanted many things, and the great and grievous exaRtions of Money did ſore
oppreſs the People. For all manner. of men elſe were driven to pay the fourth part of their Goods OF4vius Ceſar
and Revenue, but the Libertines ( to wit, thoſe whoſe Fathers or other Predeceſſors had ſometime 2b grie-
been Bondmen) were ſeſſed to pay the eighth part of all their Goods at one payment. Heteupon there ed;
aroſe a wondertull exclamation and great uproarall IT ALy over, ſo that amongſt the greateſt faults :
that ever Antonius committed, they blamed him moſt for that he delayed to give Ceſar Battle; For «
be gave Ceſar leiſure ro make his preparations, and alſo to appeaſe the complaints of the People.
When ſuch a great ſum of Money was demanded of them, they grudged at it, and grewto muti-
ny upon it ; but when they had once payed it, they remembred ic no more. Furthermore, Titi«s and |
Plancus (two of Antonixs chicielt friends, and that had been both of them Conſuls) for the great Tiviue and
injuries Cleopatra did them, becauſe they hindered all they could rhat ſhe ſhould not come to this War, ang revolt
they went and yielded themſelves unto Ceſar, and told him where the Teſtament was that Antonins and a, Yield
had made, knowing perfeRly what was in ir. The Will was in the cuſtody of the Veſtall Nuns : of Ceſcr.
whom. Ceſar demanded ir, They anſwered him, that they would nor give it him: bur if he would
go and take ir, they would not hinder bim. Thereupon {ſar went thither, and having read it firſt
to himſelf, henoted certain places worthy of reproach : 1o aſſembling all the Senate, he read it be-
fore them all, Whereupon divers were marvelloully offended, and chought ic a ftrange matter,
—_— PERGAMUN, in. the which ſhe had above rwo hundred thouſand ſeveral Books. Again Rm Li-
tor among the
Romans.
Antonius, to
arrived, in GREECE, made Cleoparra jealous ſtraight of his coming, becauſe ſhe ſurmiſed that he OO
Antonius Em-
piretaken from
him,
«eAmonixs in the.City' of Arz a, did ſweat many days t s and though ſome wiped it a+ —_— —_
way, yet..ut left not ſweating till. In the City of Parha able Antonin was there, the Temple che F
Oy Uuy of
x ; bi AL
ANTONIUS.
of Herenles was burnt with lightning. And at the City of Arnaxs alſo, in a place where the War
of the Giants againſt the gods 1s- ſet out in Imagery, the Statue of Bacchas with a terrible wind was
thrown down intbe Theatre, It was ſaid, that Amronins came of the race of Hereales (as you have
heard before)-ahd in the manner of his Life he followed Bacchzs, and therefore was called the new
Bacchns, Furthermore, the ſame bluſtering ſtorm of wind overthrew the great monſtrous Images
ATHENS, that were madein the honour of Exmenes and Arralus, the which men had named and
intituled, The Artortsars : and yerdid they hurt none of the other Images, which were many beſides,
The Admirall Galley of Cleoparra was Antoniade, in the which there chanced a marvellous ill
An ill ign ſign ; Swallows had bred under the Poop of her Ship, and there came others after them that draye
forelhewred by away the firſt, and plucked down cheir neſts, - Now when all things were ready, and that they
ding in Cleaps,, drew near to fight, it was found, that aLnremiks had no leſs then five bundred good Ships of War,
tas Ship, .. _ among which there were many Galleys that had eight and ten banks of Oars, the which were ſumprty.
Antonius Pow- ouſly furniſhed, not ſo meet for Fight, as far Triumph : an hundred thouſand Footmen, and twelye
eragainit V?a- ;h,guſand Horſemen ; and had with him: to aid him theſe Kings and Subjedts following : Bocchas King
— of Ly 214, Tarcondemus King of high C111cta, Archelaxs King of Car PADOCIA , Philadel.
eight Kings, phuvs King of PAPHLAGONIA, Mithridates King of ComaGENa, and Adallas King of Tara.
gr ings» Fl (rk: | - / 9alde
and cheir Pow- cza, All which were there every man in perſon, The reſidvethat were abſent, ſen their Armies ; as
er, to 3id him. P,Lv0n King of PoxT,' Manchus King of Aka n14a, Herodes King of Jury , and furthermore, .4.
ans myntas King of Ly © aON14 and of the GALATIANS : ang beſides all theſe, he had all the aid the
vius Caſar a King of MEDEs ſent unto him, Now for Ceſar, he had two hundred and fifty Ships of War, eighty
gainſt Antoni- thouſand Footmen, and well near as many Horſemen as his Enemy Anronins. Antonins for his part,
= had all under bis dominion from ARME N14 and the River of Euphrates, unto the Sea Io Num and
Antoxius DO- 1; 1, yR1 cum, Oftavins Ceſar had alſo for his patt, all that which was in our Hemiſphere or half
OX: Ce Part of the World, from ILLY &14 unto the Ocean Sea upon the Weſt ; thenall from the Ocean un.
ſas Domini- to Mare Siculum : and .from AxR1cx, all thar which is againſt ITALY, as Gaur and Seatx,
ons. Furthermore, all from the Province of CYREN1a to ETHIOPIA, was ſubject unto Antonins.
Amoniucoo Now Antonius was made fo ſubject to a womans will, that chough be was a greardeal Rrongerby
Cleos 11: 7 Land, yert for Cleopatra's ſake he would needs bave this Battle tried by Sea : though he ſaw before his
eyes, that for lack of Water-inen, his Captains did preſs by force all ſorts of men out of Grtzcx
-- that they could take up in the Field, as travellers, muletters, reapers, harveſt-men, and young boys ;
and yet could not ſufficiently furniſh his Galleys :: ſo that the moſt part of them were empty, and could
car x row, becaule rs ri EINE —— ori the _— lide, lent Ships were not
| built for pomp, high and great, or a ſight and bravery, but were light of yarage, armed
and furniſhed with meas diry mended, and had chem all in readineſs in the Havens of
TarENTUM and BxunDus1um, So Ottavins Ceſar ſent unto Antonins, to will him to delay no
more time, but to come on with his Army into ITALy : and that for his own part he would give
him ſafe harbour to land without any trouble , and that he would withdraw his Army from the Seca,
as far as one Horſe could run, untill he had put his Army aſhore, and had lodged his men. Antonius
on the other ſide bravely ſent him word again, and challenged che combat of him, man for man,
Antonius rode Dough he were the elder : and that if he refuſed him ſo, he would then fight a Battle with him inthe
at Anchor at Ficldsof PHARS ALIA, as falins Ceſar and Pompey had done before. * Now whileſt Antonin; rode
the head of A- at Anchor, lying idly in Harbour inthe head of Ac 1um, in the place where the City of N1coro-
= —_ L1s ſtandeth at this preſent, Ceſar had quickly paſſed the Sea Ionium, and taken a place called To-
copolicllanderh, RY NE, before Antonin underſtood that he had raken Ship, Then began his men to be afraid, be-
* The grace of cauſe his Army by Land was left behind. But Cleopatra making light of it ; And what danger I pray
this rant can you, ſaid ſhe, if Ceſar keep at * Tok YNz ? The next morning by break of day, his Enemies co-
not proper'y be ming with full force of Oars in Battle againſt him, Anronins was id that if they came to joyne,
bx nt 3 Gras they would take and carry away his Shipsthat had no men of War in them, So he armed all his wa-
bectufe of the I<r-men, and ſer them-in order of Battle upon the fore-Caſtle of their Ships, and then lift up all his
equivocation of ranks of Oars towards the Element, as well on the one fide as on the other, with the Prows againſt
this word To- the Enemies, at the entry and mouth of the gulf, which beginneth at the point of Ac Tux: and
"ne which 6g- ſo kept them in” order of Battle, as if they had been armed and furniſhed with Water-men and Soul-
of Albanic 22g diers. Thus Oftavins Ceſar being finely deceived by this Stratagem, retired preſently, and therc-
2Iſoaladlero Withall Antonizs: very wiſely and ſuddenly did cut him off from freth water. For ing that
ſcum the por the places where O#avins Ceſar landed bad very little ſtore of water, and yet very bad, be ſhut chem
_ -_ ihe im with ſtrong ditches and trenches he caſt, to keep them from ſailing out at their pleaſure, and ſo to
fare by CET: go ſeck water farther off. Furthermore, he dealt very friendly and courteoully wah Domirias, and
fide (cumming againſt Clevparre's mind. For he beirig ſick of an Ague when be weru and rook a liztle Boat to go
of the pot, tO, {«ſar's Camp, Antonius was very ſorry for it, but yerhe ſent after him all bis carriage, ain,
ponitiurforl2- and: men : and the ſame Dowirias, as though he gave him ro underftand char he repenced his open tres-
a_s >= rm ſon, died immediately after. There were certain Kings alſo that forſook him, and turned. on Cſs
Ofaviui Ceſar, 1146, 25 Apyntas and Deiorarms. Furthermore, his Fleet and Navy that was unfortunate. in all things,
Amyntas and and. unready for ſervice, compelled him to change his mind, and to hazard Battte'by, Land. And
Deioterus, do Canidins allo, who thad charge of: his Army by Land, when time came to follow Azronixs determi-
path revolt. "nation, be turned him clean and counſeled bim to ſend Cleoparra back again, and him-
and go unto * ſelf to retire imo MACEDON ; to: there on the main Land. furthermore cold bim, {þat
Ceſar, | Dicowes King of the G51 55promiſed to aid him wirh 2 great Power : and t har is ſhould uw
776
4 23 dS KA.” j1...oOutr fn roads uu
= » - PR A
A4NTONIUS.
ſhame nor diſhonour to him to let Ceſar have the Sea, becauſe himſelf and his men both had been
well practiſed and exerciſed in Battles by Sea, in the' War of S$1c1114 againſt Sexex Pomprins:
bur rather chat he ſhould go againſt all reaſon (he having ſo grear skill and experience of Battles by
Land as he had) if he ſhould norimploy rhe force and valiantneſs of ſo ny Kel armed Footmen
as he had ready, but would weaken his Army by dividing them into Ships, now, notwithſtand-
ing all theſe good perſwaſians, Cleopatra forced him to pur all to the hazard of Battle by Sea : con-
fidering with her {ef how ſhe mighe fly and provide for her ſafety, not to help him to win the
ViRory, but ro fly more eaſily atter the Battle loſt, Betwixt eAntonins Camp and bis Fleet of
Ships, there was a great high point of firm Land that ran a good way into the Sea, the which 4-
ronius uſed ofrenfor a walk, without miſtruſt of fear or danger, One of (ſar's men perceived it;
and told his Maſter that he would laugh if they could take up eFnronixs in the middeſt of his walk.
Thereupon Ceſar ſent ſome of hismento lie in ambuſh for him, and they miſſed not much of raking "FER
him (for they took him that came before him) becauſe they diſcovered too ſoon, and ſo Antonixs ones ton
ſcaped very hardly, So when Antonins bad determined to fight by Sea, be ſet al} the other Ships on -- ns
fire, but threeſcore Ships of £6 y yr, and reſerved onely the beſt and greateſt Galleys, from three
banks unto ten banks of Oars. Into them he put two and twenty thouſand fighting men , with ewo '
thouſand darters and lingers. Now as he was ſetting his men in order of battle, there was a Cap-
tain, a valiant man, that had ſerved Antonin in many Battles and Conflits, and had all his body
hacked and cut : who, as Antonius paſſed by him, cried out unto him, and ſaid : O noble Empe-
ror, how cometh ir to paſs that youtruſt to theſe vile brittle Ships? What, do you miſtruſt theſe Antonius red
wounds of mine, and this Sword? let the KGyPTIANS and PHOENIC1ANS fight by Sea, and _— |
ſex us on the: main Land, where we uſe to conquer, or to be ſlain on our feet. Antoine paſſed Col or his _
by him and ſaid never a word, but onely beckened to him with his hand and head, as though he wil- fouldiers,
led him to be of courage, although indeed he had no great c himſelf, For when the |
Maſters of the Galleys and Pilots would have let their Sails alone, he made them clap them on , ſay-
ing to colour the matter withall, that not one of his Enemies ſhould ſcape. All that day and t
three days following, the Sea roſe ſo high, and was ſo boiſterous, that the Battle was pur off. The
fifth day the ftorm ceaſed, and the Sea calmed again, then they rowed with force of Oars in
Battle one againſt the other : eA7r0n5us leading theri ing with Publscola, and Calius the lefr, Butle by Sea
and Marcus Ottaviny, and Marcus 7uſteins the midſt, Otftavins C ſar on the other (ide had placed * Aim, be-
eAgrippa in theleft Wing of his Army, and had kept the right Wing for hiniſelf, For the Armies My oor.
by | (anidins was General of Antonius fide, and Taurus of Ceſar's fide : who kept theirmen © ;
in Battle-ray, the one before the other, upon the $ea fide, without ſtirring the one againſt the other.
Further, rouching both the Chieftains :; Antoni» being ina ſwift Pinnace, was carried up and. down
by force of Oars through his Army, and ſpake to his People to encourage them to fight valiantly,
as if they were on main Land, becauſe of the ſteadineſs and heavineſs of their Ships ; and coms
manded the Pilors and Maſters of the Galleys, chat they ſhould nor ſtir, none otherwiſe then if t
wer# at Anchor, and ſoto receive the firſt Chagge of their Enemies, and that they ſhould not go our
of the Streight of the Gulf. Ceſar betimes in the morning going our of his Tent, to ſee his Ships |
throughout, met a man by chance that drave an Aſs before him : Ceſar asked the man what his A lucky fign
was, The poor man told him his name was Extychws, v0 ſay Fortunate: and his Affes name v"t9 Oftavins
Nicon , to ſay Conqueror. Therefore Ceſar , after he had won the Battle , fetting out the _— Ni
Markert-place with the Spurs of the Galleys he-had taken, for a fign of his Vidtory, he cauſed ;;,) formnace
alſo the Man-and his Aſs to be ſet up in brals.. When he had viſited the order of his Army Conqueror.
» he rook a little Pinnace, and went to the right Wing ; and wondered when he ſaw
his Enemies lie ſtill in the Screight, and ſtirred:not, For diſcerning them afar off, men would have
they had been Ships riding at Anchor :"and a good while he was ſo perfwaded; So, he kepr
is G py _ furlongs from his Enemies. _ noon une G_ gale of wind from
Sea, Antonizs men waxing angry wi ing ſo truſting to the greatneſs
height of their Ships, as if they had been Lntardle; they dogma march forward with their
*
5
Wing. :: Ceſar ſeeing that, was a glad man,-and began a little to give back from the right
ing, to allure rhemro come farther out of the Streight and Gulf, ro the end that he might with
is light Ships well manned with Water-men, turn and environ the Galleys of the Enemies, the
FERAR
-
were as alſo for lack of Water-men to row them.
there was no great hurt at the firſt meeting;
be other, as-they do commonly in fight by Sea.
4
their blows of any force: and Ceſar's on-the-orher fide took. great heed not
ſhock with the fore-Caſtles of eAntoninr Ships, whoſe Prows were armed with great
zen Spurs, Furthermore', they durſt not flank them , becauſe their points were eaſily broken,
hich way ſoever they
Timber, bound
i ae wo &# Ships on the other ator
among them, wi :rofsbdws and Engines of- batr ſtore of ſhot from their high Tow-
ers of wood that were fer upuntheir Ships, Now: Publicnts fecing Agrippa put forth histett Wing
Uuuz ot
778 AN'TOMNID SS.
of ,Ceſar's Army, #0 compaſs in Antonixs Ships that fought, he was driven alſo to loof' off to have
more.xoom, and to ga 4 little at one fide, to purthoſe jarther off chat! were afraid, and inthe mid.
deft of the Battle ;- for they were ſore diſtreſied/ by| Arruntius, Howbeis the Bartle was yer of even
hand, and the Victory doubtfull, bemg indifferent 19 both : when: ſuddenly they' ſaw; the threeſcore.
Sopot (lzopatre bulily abour their; Yard-maſts, and hoifing Sail, to fy.' So they Hed! through the
middeRt of theg-chat were in fight, for 'they had been placed behind the gyeat Ships, and did marvel.
louſly diſorder the other Ships. For the Enemies themſelves wondered much to fee them "fail in that
ſort,, with full ſail cowards PELOPONNESUS., ' There eAntoneus. ſhewed plainly, that he had not
anely Joſt the courage and beart of an Emperour, bur alſo of a yaliant man ; and that he was not his
The ſoul ofa own,man (proving that true which an old man ſpake i mirch, That the foul of a lover lived in ano.
lover liveth in thex þody, and not in his own) he was ſo carried away. with the vain. love of this woman, as if he
m— i had been glued uni ber, and that ſhe could, not have removed wichout moving. of bim- alſo. 'For
after Cleoparrg., When be 1aw Cleoperra's Ship under Sail, he forgot, forſqok, and- betrayed them that fought for
him, and ag 2 Galley with five banks of Oars, to follow-her that had already begun:
to. overthrow -him, and would. in the end be his deſtruction, When ſhe knew his Galley afar off, ſhe
life up a ſign in the Poop of her: Ship, and ſo Acorns coming to it, was pluckt up where {7eo-
patra was: howbeit he ſaw her not at his firſt coming, nor ſhe him, but went and fate.-down alone in
the Prow of his Ship, and ſaid: never. a word, clapping bis head between both his bands. In the
mean time came certain light Brigancines of Cſ«rs, that followed him bard. So eAmonins Rraight
turned- the Prow of-hjs Ship, and-preſently put the-reſt to flight, ſaying one Exrycles a Lactps-
MONJAN, that followed him-near, and preſſed upon him with great courage, ſhaking a Dart'in his
hatid over the Prow, as though - he , would have; chrown it unto e Antonius. . Antonin ſeeing him,
came to the fore-Caftle of his Ship,' and asked him what he was that durſt follow «£rntonixs ſo near ?
I am, anſwered he, Emrycles the Son of Zachares, who through Caſ#r's good fortune ſeeketh to
revenge the death of my Father. This ZLachares was condemned of felony, and'beheaded by «4n-
ronins, But yet Ewrycles durit not venture upon eArntonins Ship, but fer uponthe other Admirall-
Galtey (for there were two) and. fell-upon/ him, with ſuch a blow of his brazen Spur that was ſo
heavy and big, that be turned her ro took her , with anacher that. was loaden with very
rich tuff and carriage. After E£urycles "Md lett; Antonins, he turned again to his place, and ſate
down, ſpeaking never a word, as he did before z. and ſo lived three days alone, without ſpeaking
to any man. Bur when he arrived, at'the bead of Tznarus, there Cleoparra's women firſt brought
Antonius and Cleopatra to _ together, and afterwards to ſup and-lie rogether, Then began
there again a great number of Merchants Ships to gather about them, and ſome of their friends that
had eſcaped from :this overthrow, who! brought news, that - bis Arrtiy by Sea was overthrown,
but that cbey thought the Army by, land was yet whole, Then Antenias ſent unto Canidins, to rc-
turn, with- his Artay:inco As14 by /MacEDon. Now for himſelf, he determined to- croſs over
Antonius licen I00'- AFRICK, and took one of; his Carefts or Hulks loaden with Gold and Silver, and other rich
ſerh his friends carriage, and _ it 'unto his friends, commanding them to depart, and ſeek to ſave themſelves.
ro depart, and They anſwered -him weeping, that ty would neither do it, nor yet forſake him. Then Antonin:
ery horny very -courteoully 'and lovingly did comfort them, and-prayed them to depart ; and wrote unto Theo-
with Gold ang Phslus Governour of Cor 1 NTH, that he wauld:ſce them ſafe, and help to hide them in ſome ſecret
Silyes. place, yntill they had made theixg way:gnd peace with Tefyr. This Theophilus was the Father of Hi
| perehys, who was had in great eftimation-about Arteries. He was the firſt of all:-his enfranchiled
Bondmen that revolted from him, and yitlded' umo, Caſar, and afterwards went and- dwelt at Co-
RINTH. And' thus it Rood with;,Attopins. Now for his Army by Sea, that fought before the head
or foreland of Ac T1uw, they had held qut.a longtime, and hothing troubled chen) more then a great
| boiſterous wind that roſe full-jn, the, Prows of their . Ships ;, and yet with much add his Navy was at
Antonizs Ni- length overthrown; five hours within,vight. There were. not ſlaud above. five thouſand men : buc
- -—— Wa yet there were three hundred Ships} taken, as : im {</ar writeth bimlelf in bis Commentaries,
" Many plainly ſaw. Artonins fiy,.agd yer could very hardly believe ity that he that had ninaeen Legi-
ons whole by Land, / and twelve thouſand Horſemen upon. the Seaſide, would ſo have forſaken them,
and have fled fo cowardly, as if- [he þhad-not ofkentiraes proved both: the one and the other forwne,
and that he had' not been chroughly:; acquainted; with the - divers changes and fortunes of Baales.
Ang yet his Souldiers ſtill wiſhed for him, and tyer hoped: that bewould: come by ſome means or
other unto them. Furthermore, they; ſhewed-themlelyes fo. valiant and faithfull uneo him, that af-
tex-they certainly knew he was fiedd,-they: keptaheralelves whole together ſeven days... In the end
Canidics, Antoning Lieutenant, fRyzng by night and forſaking his Camp, when.shey ſaw them-
AntoniuLegi- felyes thus deſtituxe of their, Heads: and Leaders ,.they yield themſelves unto the Kronger, This
wo ” ied done, Ceſar failed towards ATHEN 2giand Abero.made peace with the-Grtcrans, and divided
chem, <5.N- the reſt of the Corn that was; :taken+OR or! Hmtbic Ambyy; unto-the Towns and Cities of
Ceſar. GREECE, the which bad been browght a: pn abay rp. clean withom Money,
_— _— OT III: $a _—_— NEE . $6archus told, that all i!
rizens Ot out CHy.0t-CHEARYN PA one; tte weredriven themiclves to carry a certam
meaſure of Cort: encheir houldthirothriBte bat: hab dixcRily over again che Iſle of An T1-
CyR4, and ye were they driven.thuber with whips/ They taxritd at thats bur. once: for he ſecond
time! that they' were charged agai ke the- like carriage;] 4 be Coin bring ready tobe carried,
news came that : Anrerrines badloft the and fa (aped out /poor Ciry. For. Antenins ——_—
{| an
» U 0) 3
Cleopatra flieth
MT O0ONIVS ©
ind Depuries fled immediately, and the Citizens divided the Corn amongſt therh. «Antonius being
awrived in Ly 81a, be ſerit Cleopatra before imo £6 yt from the City of PaxzrTox1un, and
ke himſelf remained very ſolitary, having onely two of bis friends with him, with whom he wandred
opand down, both of them Orators, the one Ariffocratts a. GRECTAN, and the other Lucilins 2 1,ucilius ſpoken
Roman : of whom we have written in another place, that at che Battle where Brutus was over- of in Brutus
thrown, by the City of P#111ePts, he came and willingly put himſelf into the hands of thoſe Lite.
that followed Brutus, ſaying that it was he : becauſe Brutas 1n the mean time might have liberty to :
fave. himſelf. And afterwards, becauſe Antronine ſaved his life, he ſtill remained with him, and was aero nl of
very fairhfull and friendly unto hirn till his dearh. Burt when eFntonius heatd, that he whom he had 9” mv EEE
ed with the Government of Ly 214, and unto whom he had giventhe charge of his Army there,
had yielded unto Ceſar, he was ſo mad wirhall, chat he would have ſlain himſelf for anger, had not
his friends about bim withſtood him, and kept him from ir. So he went unto ALEXANDRIA, and
there found Cleopatra about a wonderfull enterprize, and of great attempt. Betwixt the red Sea,
and the Sea between the Lands that point upon the Coaſt of £6 yr, thereis a lictle- piece of Land The wonderfull
that divideth both the Seas, 'and ſeparateth ArgI1cx from As14 : the which Streight is ſo narrow **<mpr of
at the end where the two Seasare narroweſt, that it is nor above three hundred furlongs over. Cleo- ——
4 went about to lift her Ships out of the one Sea; and to halerhem over the bank into the other
Sea ; that when her Ships were come into the Gulf of Az as! a, ſhe might then carry all her Gold
and Silver away, and ſo with a great company of men go and dwell in ſome place about the Ocean
Sea, far from the Sea Mediterraneum, to ſcape the danger and bondage of this War. But now, be-
cauſe the AxA B1aNs dwelling about the City of PET x a, did burn the firſt Ships that were
brought to Land, and that enronins thought, that his Army by Land which heleft at Act 1um was
witli, {he left off- her enterprize, and determined to keep all the ports and paſſages of her Realni.
Antonius, he forſook the City and company of his friends, and built him a houſe in the Sea, by the Iſle
of PHAROS, upon certain forced rhounts which he cauſed to be caſt into the Sea, and dwelt there, as
2 man that baniſhed himſelf from all cens company : ſaying that he would lead Timons life, becauſe Antonius fol-
he had the like wrong offered him, that' was. before offered unto Timon : and that for the unthankful- !owerh tbe life
neſs of thoſe he had done good unto, and whom he took to be his friends, he was angry with all Ong of
men, and would truſt no man. This Timon was a Citizen of ATHENS, that lived about the War —_ . ” y
of PELOPONNESUS, as appeareth. by Plato and Ariſtophanes Comedies : in the which they mec- thenian. :
ked him, calling him a viper and malicious man unto mankind, to ſhun all other mens companies; P/4to and Ari-
but the company of young Alcibades, a bold and infolentyouth, whom he would greatly feaſt and ſtophanes teſti-
make much of, and kiſſed him very gladly. Apemantss wondering at it, asked him the cauſe what —— + tangy
he meant to make ſo much of that young man alone, and ro hate all others: 70» anſwered him, _ he —_
I-doir, ſaid he, becauſe I know that one day he ſhall do great miſchief unto the Aras nians,
This Timon ſometimes would have Apemantus in his company, becauſe he was much like of his nature
and conditions, and alſo followed him in manner of life. . On a time when they ſolemnly celebrated
the Feaſt called Choz at ATHENS (to wit, the Feaſts of the dead where they make Sprinklings and
Sacrifices for the dead) and that they two then feaſted together by themſelves, Apemantus (aid unto
the other : O hereis atrim Banquet Timon. Timon anſwered again : Yea, faid he, ſo thou werr
not here. Ir is reported of him alſo, that this 75mox on a time (the People being aſſembled in the
Market-place abour diſpatch of ſome affairs) got up into the Pulpit for Orations, -where the Orators SLs
commonly uſe to {peak unto the People : and filence being made, every man liſtening ro hear what he Free
would ſay, becauſe it was a wonder to ſee him in that place, at length bg began to ſpeak in this manner: Ae CA aA.
My Lords of ATHENS, Ihavea little yard at my houſe where there groweth a Fig-tree, on the which Z% -Z2Z2-<< 2.4
many Citizens have hanged themſelves : and becauſe I mean to make ſome building on the place, I
thought good to let you all underſtand ir, that before the Fig-tree be cut down, if any of you be deſpe-
rate, you may there in time go hang your ſelves. Hedied in the of HALEs, and was buried upon
the Sea fide. Now it chanced ſo, that the Sea getting in, it compaſſed his Tomb round about, that no
man could come to it ; and upon the ſame was written this Epitaph;
Here lies a wretched corſe, of wretched ſoul bereft : The Epitaph
Seek not my name : a plague conſume you wicked wretches left. 1 of Timon Mi-
ti hropar.
It is reported that Timon himſelf, when he lived, made this Epitaph : for that, which is commonly re- ſanzhroper
bank wa not this, but made by the Poet Callimachs :
Here lie I Timon, who alive all lwing en aid bate :
Paſe by and curſe thy fill : but paſs, an not here thy gate.
Many other things could we tell you of T, Reds fs this {a ſhall hs. - this preſent. But now
to return to Antonius again. Canidins himaſelf came to bring him news, that he had loſt all his
Army by Land at Ac T1um : on the other fide he was advertiſed alſo, that Herodes King of Juk v,
who' had alſo certain Legions and Bands with him, was revolted unto Cfar, and all the other Kings
in like manner : ſo thar ſaving thoſe that were about him, be had none left him. All this notwith= Antonius rior-
ſtanding did nothing trouble him : and it ſeemed that he was contented to forgo all his hope, and ſo ing in Alexan-
to be rid of allhis eares and troubles. Thereupon he left his ſolitary houfe he had built by the Sea 4/£after his
which he called Timoneon, and {eopatra received him into her Royal Palace. He was no ſooner | ——y_
come thicher, ;but tie ftraight {er all the City on rioting and banquerting again , and himſelf to Toy, virils,
lberality and Gifts, He cauſed the Son of Fulim Ceſar and Cleopatra, ro be enrolled (according
ro
Uuu 3
780
_
Antyllus the el-
deſt Son of An
ro the manner of the Romans) amongſt the number of young men : and gave tyllus, his eldeſt
Son he had by Fulvia, the mans Gown, the which was a plain Gown without gard or embroide.
rontus, by his I, of Purple. For theſe things, there was kept great feaſting, banquerting and dancing in ALzx ay.
wife Fulvi4.
An orderere&-
ed by Antonius
and Cleopatrrs,
calied Synapo-»
thanumenon ,
revoking the
former called
Amimerobion.
Cleopatra very *
bukie in pro
DR1A many days together, Indeed they did break their firſt order they had ſer down, which they
called Amimetobion (as much to ſay, No life comparable) and didſer up another, which they called
Synapothanumenon (lignifying the order and agreement of thoſe that will die together) the which in
exceeding ſumptuouſneſs and coſt was not inferior to the firſt, For their friends made themſelves t9
be enrolled in this order of thoſe that would die rogether, and io made great Feaſts one to another :
for every man when it came to his turn, feaſted their whole Company and Fraternity. Cleoparra in
the mean time was very carefull in gathering all ſorts of poiſons together, to deſtroy men, Now to
make proof of thoſe poiſons which made men die with leaſt pain, ſhe tried it upon condemned men
in priſon. For when ſhe ſaw the poiſons that were ſudden and vehement, and brought ſpeedy death
ying the force with grievous torments : and in contrary manner, that ſuch as were more mild and 'gentle, had not
of poyſon. thar quick ſpeed and forceto make one die ſuddenly : ſhe afterwards went about to prove the ſtinging
of Snakes and Adders, and made ſome to be applied unto men in her fight, ſome in one ſort, me
_— I. s in another, So when ſhe had daily made divets and ſundry. proofs, ſhe found none of themall ſhe had
Alpick,* proved ſo fit as the biting of an Aſpick : the which cauſeth onely a heavineſs of the head, without
Antonius an
fwouning or complaining, and bringeth a great defire alſo to ſleep, with a little ſweat in the face,
and ſo by little and lintle taketh away the ſenſes and vitall powers, no living creature perceiving that
the Patients feel any pain, For they are ſo ſorry whenany body awaketh them, and taketh them .up,
4 2s thoſe that be taken out of a ſound ſleep, are very heavy and defirous ro ſleep. This notwith-
Cleopatra ſend ſtanding, they ſent Ambaſſadors unto Oftavim Ceſar in ASIA, Cleopatra wy, the Realm of
Ambsſſadors
£6 yer for her children, and eAntonins praying that he might be ſutfered to live at ATHENS like
unto Oftavizs a' private man, if Ceſar would not let him remain in 6 y PT. And becauſe they had no other men
Ceſar,
Alex4s rrea»
ſon juſtly pu-
niſhed,
of eſtimation about them, for that ſome were fled, and thoſe that remained, they did not greatly truſt,
they were enforced to ſend £xphronius the Schoolmaſter of their children, For Alexas Laodi ci.
AN, Who was brought into Antonius Houſe and favour by means of . Timagenes, and afterwards was
in greater credic with him, then-any other GREctan ( for that he hadever been one of Cleopa-
tra's Miniſters to win Antonius, and to overthrow all his good dererminations to uſe his Wife 0 Zavia
well : ) him Antonius had ſent unto Herodes King of Jury, hoping ſtill co keep him his friend, that
he ſhould not revolt from him. But he remained there, and betrayed Antonius. For where he ſhould
have kept Herodes from revolting from him, he perſwaded him to turn to Ceſar ; and truſting King
Herodez, he prelumed to come in {'eſar's preſence. Howbeit Herodes did himno pleaſure, for fc Was
preſently taken Priſoner, and ſent in chains to his own Countrey, and there by Cefar's command.-
ment put to death. - Thus was Alex as in Antonins life time put to death, for betraying of him, ' Fur-
thermore, Ceſar would not grant unto. Antonixs requeſts: but for Cleopatra, he made her anſwer,
that he would deny. her nothing reaſonable, ſo that ſhe would either put Antonius to death, or drive
him out of her Countrey. Therewithall he ſent Thyrexs one of his men unto her, a very wiſe and
diſcreet man : who bringing Letters of credit from a young Lord unto a noble Lady, and that be-
ſides greatly liked her beauty, mgſeexly by his eloquence have perſwaded her, He was longer in
ealk with her then any man all was, and the Queen her ſelf alſo did him great honour : inſomuch
as he made' Antonius jealous of him, Whereupon Antonixs cauſed him to be taken and well-fayou-
7 redly whipped, and ſo ſent him unto Ceſar: and: bade him tell him, that he made him angry with
him, becauſe he ſhewed himſelf proud and diſdainfull towards him; and nczy ſpecially, when he was
* eaſieto beangred, by reaſon bf his preſent miſery, To be ſhort, if this miſlike thee (ſaid he) thou
*-* haft age one of my enfranchiſed Bondmen with thee : hang him if thou wilt, or whip him at
thy pleaſure, that we may cry quittance. From henceforth Cleopatra, to clear her ſelf of the (ul-
pition he had of her, made more of him then ever ſhe did. For firſt of all, where ſhe did ſolemnize
the day of her birth very meanly and ſparingly, fitfor her preſent misfortune, ſhe now in contrary
manner did keep it with ſuch ſolemnity, that ſhe exceeded all meaſure of ſumptuouſneſs and magni-
ficence ; ſo that the Gueſts that were bidden to the Feaſts, and came poor, went away rich, Now
things paſſing thus, 4gripps by divers Letters ſent one after another unto (ſar, prayed him to
return to Roms, becauſe the Affairs there did of neceſlicy require his perſon and preſence.” There-
Peleufium was Upon he did defer:the War till the next year following : but when Winter was. done, he returned
yielded up ro again through SyR1A by the Coaſt of Arricx, to make Wars againſt Antonius, and his other
Oftzvixs Ceſer Captains, When the City of PELEuSIuM was taken, there ran a rumour in the City, that Selex-
cus (by (leopatra's conſent) had ſurrendred the ſame. But to clear her ſelf that ſhe did not, Cleo-
patra brought Seleucus Wife and Children unto eAntonns, to be revenged of them at his pleaſure,
Cleoparras | Furthermore, Cleopatra had long before mademany ſumptuous Tombs and Monuments, as well for
ps ug {er excellency of workmanſhip, as for height and greatneſs of building, joyning hard ro the Temple of
lemple of If. Iſis. Thither ſhe cauſed to be brought all the Treaſure and precious ſhe had of the ancient Kings
| her Predeceſſors; as Gold, Silver, Emeralds , Pearls,, Ebony, Ivory, and Cynimon, and beſides all
that, a marvellous number of Torches, Fagots, and.Flax, So Oftavins (ſar being afraid to loſe ſuch
a Treaſure and-mafſe of Riches, and that this woman for ſpight would ſet it on fire and burn it cvery
whir, he always ſen ſome one or other unto her from him, to put ber in good comfort, whileſt he in
the mean time drew near the City with his Army, So- Ceſar came and pitched his Camp hard by
the City, in the place where they run and manage their, Horſes, Antonius made a ſalley upon y ory
" , , 0
<= WF FJ. % ez 2.
—— © m_ECLEAS
—-i
Land
T OX, I vViS.
fought valiantly, ſo that he drave (#ſar's Horſemen back, fighting with his men even into their
Cine: | Then be —_—_ again tothe Palace, greatly boaſting of this Victory, and ſweetly kiſſed Cleo-
4, armed as he was when he came from the Fight, recommending one of his men of Arms unto
= that had valiantly fought in this Skirmiſh, (leoparra to reward his manlineſs, gave him an Ar-
mour and Head-piece of clean Gold : howbeit the man at Arms when he had received this rich gifr,
ſole away by night, and went tO Ceſar. eAntoniu lent again to challenge Ceſar, to fight with him
hand to hand. Ceſar anſwered him, That hehad many other ways to die then ſo, Then Antonius ſee-
ing there was no way more honourable for him to die, then fighting valiantly, he determined to ſer up
his reſt, both by Sea and Land. So being at Supper (asit is reported) he commanded his Officers and
Houſhold Servants that waited on himat his Board, chat they ſhould fill his, Cups full, and make
as much of him as they could : for ſaid he, you know not whether you ſhall'do' ſo nuwuch'for me
to morrow or not, or whether you ſhall ſerve another Maſter ; and it may be you ſhall ſee me no
more, but a dead body. This notwithſtanding, perceiving that his friends and men fell a weeping to
hear him ſay ſo : to ſalve that he had ſpoken, he added this more unto it ; that he would not lead
them to Battle, where he thought not rather ſafely ro return with Victory, then valiantly to die
with honour. Furthermore, the ſelf-ſame night within a little of midnight, when all the Ciry was
quiet, full of fear and ſorrow, thinking what would be the ifſue and end of this War, it is ſaid, that :
ſuddenly they heard a marvellous ſweet harmony of ſundry ſorts of Inſtruments of Muſick, with the _ Noiſes
cry of a multitude of People, as they had been dancing, and had ſung a they uſe in Bacchus Feaſts, titng _ act
with movings and turnings afcer the manner of the Satyrs : and it ſeemed, that this Dance went through ;
the Ciry unto the Gate that opened to the Enemies, and that all the troop that made all this noiſe
they heard, went out of the City at that Gate, Now, ſuch as in reaſon ſought the depth of the inter-
pretation of this wonder, thought that it was the god unto whom eAntonz bare ſingular devotion,
to counterfeit and reſemble him, that did forſake them, The next morning by break of day, he went
to ſet thoſe few Footmen he had in order upon the hills adjoyning unto the City : and there he ftood
to behold his Galleys which departed from the Haven, and rowed againſt the Galleys of the Enemies,
and ſo ſtood ſtill, looking what exploits his Souldiers in them would do. But when by force of row-
ing they were come near unto them, they firſt ſaluted Ceſar's men , and then {eſar's men re-faluted
them alſo, and of two Armies made but one : and then did all rogether row toward the Ciry, When 4ntonizs Na-
eAntonins ſaw that his men did forſake him, and yielded unto Ceſar, and that his Footmen were bro- yo yi eld
ken and overthrown, he then fled into the City,- crying out that Cleopatra had betrayed him unto them = Caſes PE
with whom he had made War for her ſake. Then ſhe being aſraid of his fury, fled into the Tomb Antonius over-
which he had cauſed to be made, and there ſhe locked the doors unto her, and ſhut all the ſprings of thrown by 0c-
the locks with great bolts, and in the mean time ſent unto Antonius to tell him, that ſhe was dead, 49 Caſar.
eAntonius believing it, ſaid unto himſelf : What doeſt thou look for further, Antoni, ſich 1 pight- OI
full fortune hath. taken from thee the onely joy thou hadft, for whom thou yet reſerveſt thy liſe ? g& Monument.
When he had ſaid theſe words, he went into a Chamber and unarmed himſelf, and being naked, ſaid
thus ; O Cleopatra, it grieveth me not that I have loſt thy company, for 1 will not be long from thee:
but I am ſorry, that having been ſo great a Captain and Emperour, I am indeed condemned to be
judged of leſs courage and noble mind then-a woman. Now he had a man of his called Eros, whom
he loved and truſted much, and whom he had long before cauſed ro ſwear unto- him, that he ſhould
kill him when he did command him : and then he willed him to keep his promiſe. His man drawing
his Sword, lift it up as though he had meant to have ſtricken his Maſter : bur turning his head on one
ſide, he thruſt his Sword into himſelf, and fell down dead at his Maſters foor, Then ſaid Antonin : Eros, Antonius
O noble Eros, Ithank thee for this, and itis valiantly done of thee, to ſhew me what I ſhould do to Servant , flew
my ſelf, which thou couldeſt not do for me. Therewithall he rook his Sword, and thruſt it into his himſelf. |
belly, and ſo felldown upon a little bed. The wound he had, killed bim not preſently, for the blood —_
ſtinted a little when he was laid : and when he came ſomewhat to himſelf again, he prayed them that $,or4 inro
were about him, to diſpatch him, Bur they all fled out of the chamber, and left him crying out tor- himſelf, bur
menting himſelf : untill at the laft there came a Secretary unto him (called Diomedes) who was com- 4ied nor pre-
ev. er'%, to bring him into the Tomb or Monument where Cleopatra was. When he heard that ſhe _— ;
was alive, he very earneſtly prayed his men to _—_—_ body thither, and ſo he was carried in his {4 une Cree
mens arms into the entry of the Monument, Notwi m—_ Cleopatra would not open the Gates, parraes Tomb,
but came to the high windows, and caft out certain chains and ropes, in the which Antonius was truſ-
ſed : and Cleopatra her own ſelf, with two women onely, which ſhe bad ſuffered to come with her
into theſe Monuments, triſed e4xron5u up, They that were preſent to behold ir, ſaid they never ſaw A lemenrable
ſo pitifulla fight. For they plucked up poor eAntonims all bloody as he was, and drawing on with fight to ſee
pangs of death ; who holding up his hands to Cleopatra, raiſed up himſelf as well as he could. It was 49% and
a hard thing for theſe women to do, to lift him up: but {leoparra Rooping down with her head, pur- ©**2%"4
_
L —
ting too all hex ſtrength to her uttermoſt power, did lift him up with much ado, and never ler go her
hold ; with the help:of the women beneath that bade her be of good _ and were as ſorry to ſee
at
her labour ſo,” as ſhe her ſelf. So-when ſhe had gotten him in after that ſort, and laid him on a bed,
ſhe rent her Garments upon him, clapping her breaſt, and ſcratching her face and ſtomach. Then ſhe
dried up his blood that had bew! his face, andralled him her Lord, ber Husband, and Emperor,
forgerting her own thifery and calamity, for the pity and compaſiion ſhe took of him. Antonins
e her ceaſe her'lahenting, and called for wine, cicher becauſe he was a thirſt, or elſe for that he
thought thereby to Haften hi , When hehad drunk, he earneſtly prayed her, and perſwaded
her,
— _ DA...
"782 ANT O XN, I U"_-
her, that ſhe would ſeck to {aye her life, if ſhe could poſſible, without reproach and diſhonour : and
that chiefly ſhe ſhould cruſt Proculesi above any man elſe about Ceſar. And as for himſelf, that ſhe
ſhould not lament nor ſorrow for the miſerable of his fortune at the end of his days : but ra-
ther that ſhe ſhould think him the morefortunate, for the former Triumphs and Honours he had re.
ceived ; conſidering that while he lived, he was the nobleſt and greateſt Prince of the World ; and that
The death of NOW he was overcome, not cowardly, but -valiantly, a Roman by another Rowan. As eAnto-
Antonize. , ins gavethe laſt gaſp, Proculeius came that was lent from Ceſar. | For after Antonius bad thruſt his
Sword in himſelf, as they carried him into the Tombs and Monuments of Cleopatra, on of his guard
(called Dercetexs) took his Sword with the which he had ftriken himſelf, and hid it : then he ſecretly
ſtole away, and brought. Ot avim Ceſar the firſt news of his death, and ſhewed him his Sword thar
Ofttvins Ceſcy Was bloodied.. | Ceſar hearing this news, ſtraight withdrew himſelf inco -a ſecret place of his Ten,
lamenterh An- and there burſt out with tears, lamenting his hard and miſerable fortune, that had been his friend and
tonjus dearh. Brother-in-law, his equall inthe Empire, and companion with him in ſundry great Exploits and Bat-
tles. Then he called for all his friends, and ſhewed them the Letters .Anton: us had writtento him,
and his Anſwers alſo ſent him again, _ their quarrell and ftrife : ar how fiercely and proudly
' the other anſwered him, to all juſt and reaſonable matters he wrote unto him. After this, he ſent
Proculeius ſent Proculeius, and commanded him to do what he could poſlible to get (Teoparra alive, tearing leſt other-
= Pepys wiſe all the Treaſure would be loft : and furthermore, he thought that if he could take Cleopatra,
Cleopatra Ah and bring her alive to Rome, ſhe would marvellouſly beautifie and ſer out bis Triumph. Bur Cleo-
patra would neyer pur her ſelf into Procxlezus hands, although they ſpake together. For Proculeius
came to the Gates that were thick and ſtrong, and ſurely barred, but yet there were ſome cranies,
through the which her voice might be heard, and ſo they without underſtood, that Cleopatra demand-
ed the Kingdom of £6yPyrT for her Sons : and that Proculeixs anſwered her : That ſhe ſhould
be of good chear, and not be afraid to refer all unto Ceſar. After he had viewed the place very
well, he came and reported her anſwer unto Ceſar : who immediately fent - Gallus to ſpeak
once again with her, and bad him purpoſely hold her in talk, whilſt Procxleins did ſer up a Lad-
der againſt the high window by the which e{ntonins was triſed up, and came down into the Monu-
ment with two ofkis men hard by the gate, where Cleoparra ſtood to hear what Gallas ſaid unto her,
One of her women which was ſhut up in her Monuments with, her, ſaw Procxleins by chance as he came
down, and ſhrieked out ; O poor Cleopatra, thou art taken. Then when ſhe ſaw Proculeius behind
her, as ſhe came from the gate, ſhe thought to have ſtabbed her ſelf with a ſhort dagger ſhe wore of
purpoſe by her fide, But Proculeius came ſuddenly ypon her, and taking her by both the hands, (aid
unto her :. Cleopatra, firſt, thou ſhalt do thy ſelf great wrong ; and ſecondly, unto Ceſar, to deprive
him of the occaſion and opportunity, openly to ſhew his bounty and mercy, and to give his Enemies
cauſe to accuſe the moſt courteous and noble Prince that ever was, and to appeach him, as though he
were a cruel and mercileſs man, that were not to be truſted. So 'even ashe ſpake the word, he took
Cleopatrataken
her dagger from her, and ſhook her cloaths for fear of any poyſon hidden about her. Afterwards,
Ceſar femt one of his infranchiſed men called Epaphroditns, whom he ſtraightly charged to look well
unto her, and to beware in any caſethat ſhe made not her ſelf away : and for the reft, co uſe her with
Ceſzr took the a][ the courteſie poſſible, And for himſelf, be in the mean time entred the City of ALzxa nora,
City of Alex- and ( as he went) ralked with the Philoſopher” Arrius, and held him by the hand, to the end that his
andria.
Countr ſhould reverence him the more, becauſe they ſaw {ſar ſo highly eſteem and honour
ard yr him, he went into the Shew-place of Exerciſes, and ſo ret Chair of State which was pre-
ris the Philo- pared for him of a great height: and there according to his commandment, all the People of At: x-
ſopher. ANDRIA Were afſembled, who quaking for fear, fell down on their knees before him, and craved
mercy. Ceſar bad them all ftand up, and told them openly that he forgave the People, and pardon-
ed the felonies, and offences they had committed againft him in this War. Firſt, for the Founders ſake
of the ſame City, which was Alexander the Great : ſecondly , for the beaury of the City, which be
much eſteemed and wondred at : thirdly, for the loye he bare unto his very friend Arrius. Thus did
Philoſtratu the Ceſar honour eArrins, who craved pardon for himſelf and many others, and ſpecially for Phloſtra-
eloquenteſt O- ts, the eloquenteſt man of all the Sophiſters and Orators of his time, for preſent and ſudden perch :
raror in his howbeit, he falſly named himſelf an Academick Philoſopher, Therefore (ſer that hated his nature
ans NG and conditions, would not hear his ſuir. Thereupon he let his gray beard grow long, and followed
ona ru] Po Arrins ſtep by ſtep ina Jong morning gown, ſtill buzzing in his ears this Greek Verſe ;
| A wiſe man, if that he be wiſe indeed
| Hay by a wiſe man have the better. ſpeed. |
Ceſar underſtanding this, not for the defire he had to deliver PhiloFtyarns of his fear, but to rid Ar-
Antyllus , An. 75s of malice and envy that might have fallen our againft him, he pardoned him, Now rouching 4n-
ronind eldeſt tonius Sons, Artyllus, bis eldeſt Son by -Fulvie was flain, becauſe his Schoolmaſter Theodor: did
Son by Fulvie, betray him unto the Souldiers, who ftrake off his head. And the Villain took a precious Stone of great
ſlain. value from his neck, the which he did ſow in his girdle, and afterwards denied that he had it : but it
was found about him, and ſo Ceſar.truſſed him up for it. For {Teopatra's Children, they were very
honourably kept, with their Governours and Train that waited on - 84] But for Ceſarion, who was
ſaid to be Znlixs (oſar's Son,; his Mother Cleoparra bad ſent him unto the India xs through AT HI-
0P14, withagreat ſum of Money. Bur one o f his Governours alſo called Rbodey, eyen ſuch another
as Theodorns, perſwaded him to return into his Countrey, and told him that (2ſar ſent for him to give
him his Mothers Kingdom.” So, as Ceſar was determiniug with-himſelf what he ſhould do, _
ſaid unto him: | |
1XNTONT®S.
| Too many Cafiars #908 xvod. | ;
Alluding umo a certain Verſe of /Yomer, chat faith = Pins © rf
Too many Lords do not well. Jofopher. |
Therefore «ſar: did put Ceſartos to death, after the death of his Mother Cleopatra. Many Princes,
Kings and. Captains did ctave Antonin body of Ottavins (afar, to give him honourable bu- £#(47i0n,Clco-
rial; but Ceſar would never ake-ir. from Cleoparra, who did ſampruoully and royally bury him ?*"**, _
with her own hands, whom Ceſar ſuffered to rake as much as ſhe would ro beſtow! upon his Fune= 3,9 5.7 buri-
rals. Now was ſhe overcome with ſorrow and. pailion of mind, for ſhe'had knocked her «.h ntonizs.
breaft ſo pirifully., that the. had marryred it, and in divers places had raiſed ulcers and .inflammations,
fo that the fell imto a ſeaver withall : whereof ſhe was very glad, hopigg thereby to have good co--
lour to abftain'from' meat, and thar {o (he might have died eaſily without any-ttouble. Sbe had a
Phyſician called Olympxs, whom ſhe made privy ro her intent, ro the end he ſhould lielp to rid her
out of her life « as Olympus writech bimſelt, who wrote a Buok of all theſe chings.; Bur (eſar miſ- 2979s, Cleo-
truſted rhe maner, by many; eonjeRtures he had, and therefore did-pur her in fear, aod threacned her 2*"*5 Phyli-
to put her chikdren/t6 ſhamefulldeah, With theſe threats, Cleopatra for fear yielded firaight, as ©**
ſhe would have yielded unco Rrokes : and afterwards ſuffered her (elf ro be cured ani dicted as they
lifted. Shortly atter, Ceſar came himſelf in perſon to ſee her, and to comfort her. Cleopatra be- Ceſar cameo
ing layed upon alittle low bed in poor eftare (when (ſhe ſaw Ceſar come into her Chamber) ſuddenly << ©!copatre,
role up, naked'in her ſmock, and tell down at his feet tnarvellouſly disfigured : both for that ſhe bad
plucked her. hair from her head, as alſo for that ſhe had martyred all her face with her nails , and c:eopurrs, a
beſides, her voice. was ſmall and trembling, her eyes ſunk into her head with continual blubbering, martyred cres-
and moreover, they might ſee the moſt part of her tomach torn in ſunder. To be ſhort, her bo- ture through
dy was not much better then ber mind : yet her good grace and comelineſs, and the force of her —_—_—
beaury was not altogether defaced. But norwwithſtanding this ugly and piritull Rate of hers, yet ſhe 4
ſhewed her ſelf within, by her outward looks and countenance. When Ceſar had made her lye
down again, and ſxe by her beds ſide: Cleop4rre began to clear and excule her ſelf for that lhe
had done, laying all to the fear ſhe had of Amronins. (far in contrary manner, reproved her in
every point, Then. ſhe ſuddenly altered her ſpeech, and prayed him ro pardon her, as though ſhe
were afraid to die, and defirous to live. At length, ſhe gave him a brief and memorial of all the
ready money and treaſure ſhe had. But by chance there ſtood one Selexcxs by, one of her Treaſu- g$eteucxs,one of
xers, who to ſeem a good Servant, cane ſtraight to Ceſar to diſprove({leopatya, that ſhe had nor ſer Cleoparrs's
m all, bur kept — back of purpoſe. Cleoparra was in ſuch a tage with him, that ſhe flew Treaſurers.
upon him, ahd rook him by the hair of che head, - and boxed him well-favouredly. C ſar fell a laugh- ro - beae
ing and parted the fray. Alas, faid ſhe, O Ceſar : is not this a grear ſhame and reproach, that thou = rig——paeÞ
_ veuchſafed to-rake the pains'to come unto me, and done me this honoor, poor wretch, and Czſzr.
- cairiff creatute, brought into this pirifull and miſerable ſtate : and that tnine 'own Servants ſhould Cleoperrs's
come now to-accufe me? though it may be I have reſerved ſome Jewels and trifles meet for women, 2's unto
bur not for nie (poor ſoul) to ſet our my felt withall, bur meaning to give ſome pretty Preſents and uo
Gifts unto Ottavias and Livin, that they making means and imergeffion for me tothee, thou might-
eſt yer extend thy favour and mercy upon me. Ceſar was glad to hear ſay ſo, perſwading him-
ſelf thereby that ſhe had yer a defice to ſave her life. So he made her anſwer, that he did nor onely
give her thas to diſpoſe of ar her pleaſure, which ſhe had kept back; 'but further promiſed to uſe her
more honourably and bountifully, then ſhe would think for : aud ſo he took his leave of her, ſup-
poting he had deceived her, but indeed be was deceived himſelf. There was a young Gentleman,
Cornelius Dolabella, that was one of Ceſar's very grext tamiliars, and beſides did bear no ill will umo * —_—_—
Cleopatra. He ſent her word ſecretly (as ſhe had requeſted hit) that Ceſar determined to take his Garvin Calar,
journey thr | SYRIA, and chat within chree days he would ſend her away before with her Chil- as thongh the
dren, When this was told Cleopatra, ſhe ſed Ceſar that it would pleaſe hint ro ſuffer her to of- 4cbired ro live.
fer che laſt Oblations of the dead, unto the ſoul of Anmronins. This bemg gramedher, ſhe was car-
ried 10 the place where his Tomb was, and there falling down ow her knees, embracing the Tomb
with her women, the tears running down her cheeks,- ſhe began to ſpeak in this fort : ** O my dear ©129p4tr-'s 1a-
« Lord Antonins, it is not long fithence I buried thee here, being a tree womay ; ard now I offer un- 222m over
*6 thee the funeral ſprinklings and oblations, being a captive and priſoner ;/ and yet 1 am fordidden 7.511,
* and kept ſrom tearing and murdering this captive body of mine with: blows, which 'they carefully ;
= and keep, onely to triumph of thee : look therefore henceforth for no other honours, ot-
> erings, nor- ſacrifices from me : for theſe are the laſt which Cleoparra car give thee, fich now they
OY her away. Whileſt we lived together, nortg could ſever our compames , but now ar our
p 1 fear me they will make vs change our -Countreys. For as thou being # Rox a x, baſt
* been buried in KGyYpr : even ſo wretched creature Ian £6 y PT1AN, ſhall be buried in ITaty,
h whick ſhall be all the good that I have recerved by thy Countrey, Wherefore the gods whert thou
': art now have any power and authority, fith our godshere have forſaken us, ſuffer not thy true friend
and loverto be carried away alive, that in me they triumph of thee : but receive me with thee,
ks and a me be buried in one ſelf-Tomb. "For thongh my griefsaadmiſcries be infinice, yer none hath
2 = meMmore, nor that I could leſs bear withall, then this ſinall time that I have been driven to
© ont ——_ thee, Then having ended theſe dolefull plaints, and crowned the Tomb with
Maury undry Noſegayes, and marvellous lovingly embraced the ſame, ſhe commanded they
prepare her Bath, and when ſhe had bathed and waſhed her elf, ſhe fell ro her meat, and
was
a
7 ANTONIVUS.
uouſly ſerved. Now whilt ſhe was at dinner, there came a Countreyman and br be her
ſtraighe what he had in his Backer,” He &
them in. Afrer Cleopatra unto:C#/ar, and com.
manded. them all to.go out of the Tombs where ſhe was, but the two women , then ſhe ſhut the doors
to her. | Ceſarvihen be received this Table, and began to read her lamenzation and petition, requeſting
him chat be would let ber be buried with Aronizs, found ſtraight what ſhemeant, and thought to haye
thicher himſelf: howhgir, he ſent one before inall haſte that might be,:ro ſee what it was, Her
eath was very ſudden : for thoſe whom Ceſar ſent unto her, ran thither in all taſte poſſible, and
found the Souldiers ſtanding at the gate, nothing, nor ing of her death, Bur
when they had/bpened the doors, they found Cleoparre ftark dead, laid upon a bed of Gold, attired and
Cleopatra's rmo arrayed in her Royal Robes, and one of ber two women, which was called ras, deadat her feet : and
waiting women her other woman: (called Charmion) half dead, and trembling, trimming the Diadem which (leopa-
dead with her, ,, wore uponher head. -One of the Souldiers ſeeing her, angrily ſaid unto her 2 Is that well done
Charmion ?. Very. well, ſaid ſhe, and meetfor a Princeſs deſcended from the race of ſo many noble
Kings: ſhe ſaid:no# more, bur fell down dead hard by the bed. - Some report, that this Aſpick was
brought unto her in the basket with figs,and that ſhe had commanded them to hide it under the fi -leaves,
that when ſhe ſhould think co take out the figs, the Aſpick ſhould bite her before ſhe ſhould ſee her ;
' howbeit, that when ſhe would have taken away ihe leaves for the figs, ſhe perceived it, and ſaid, Arr
Cleopatrakilled thoy here then'? And ſo her arm being naked, ſhe put it ro the Aſpick to be bitten. Other ſay again,
_ _ Mx ſhe kept it ina box, andhat ſhe did prick and thruſt it with a ſpindle of gold, ſo that the Aſpick being
_ angred withall, leapt out with great fury, and bit her in the arm, Howbeit few can tell the troth, For
they reporrt alſo,that ſhe had hidden poyſon in a hollow razor which ſhe carried inthe hair of her head;
and yet was there no mark ſeen on her body, or any ſign diſcerned that ſhe was poiſoned, neither alſo
did fs find this Serpent in her Tomb : . but it was reported onely, that there were ſeen certain freſh
ſteps or tracks where it had gone, .an the Tomb fide rowards the Sea, and ſpecially. by the door fide,
Some ſay alſo, that they found two little yeuy bitings 1n her arm, ſcant to be diſcerned : the which it
The Images of ſeemeth Ceſar himſelf gave credit unto, becauiſe in his Triumph he carried Cleoparra's Image,. with an
Cleoparrs, car- Aſpick biting of her arm., And thus goeth the report of her death. Now Ceſar, though he was mar-
= 1n "ng 4x ve ſorry for the death of C leopatxa, yet he wondered at her noble mind and courage, and there-
ar 502 12 fore commanded ſhe ſhould benobly, buried, and Jaid by Antonius: and willed alſo that her ewo wo-
; an Aſpick bi- men ſhould have honourable buriall. Cleoparre died. being cight and thirty years old, after ſhe had
ting of he L )
The ws - wp reigned rwo andtwenty years, and governed about fourteen of them with Antonius, And for Ante-
Cleopatrs 3nd 945, ſotne ſay that be lived three and fifty years: and others ſay, fix and fifry. All his Statues, Im-
— ges, and Mettals, were plucked down and overthrown, favingthaſe of (Teoparre, which ſtood ſtill in
their places, by means of 4rcbibixs,one of her friends, who gave Ceſar a thouland Talents: that they
ſhould not be handled as thoſe of Antonins were. :Antonins left ſeven children by three wives, of the
which, Ceſar did put Arrylius (the eldeſt Son he had by Fulvia) to death. Oftavia his wife took all
the reſt, and brought them up with'hersy and married Cleopatra, Antonins er, unto King 7#-
be, 2 marvellous courteous and goodly Prince. And Anrenivs (the Son of Fulvia)came to be ſo great,
that next unto Agrippa, who was in greateſt eſtimation about Ceſer ; and next unto the children of
Livia, which were the ſecond in eſtimation : he had the third place. Furthermore , Oavia havin
had two Daughters by her firſt husband- Aercelns, and a Son allo called Marcellus, Ceſar marri
his Daughter unto that Marcelns, and ſo did adopt him for his Sqn, And O#avia alſo married one
of her Daughters unto Agrippe. But when Afarcellus was dead, after he had been married a while,
Otavia perceiving that ber Brother Ceſar was very bulie to chooſe ſome one among his triends, whom
he truſted beſt, romake his Son-in-law, ſhe perſwaded him, that Agrippa ſhould marry his Daughter
( Marcellus widow )and leave ber own Daughter. C-ſar firſt was contented withall,and then Agrippe:
and ſo ſhe afterwards took away ber:Daughter and married her unto Antonixs ; and Agrippe married
Zulia, Ceſar's Daughter. Now there remained two Daughters more of Ottevia and Antonius : Do-
mitins eAinobarbus married the-one 3 andthe other, which was Antonia, ſo fair and vertuous a young
Lady, was married unto Druſus:the Son of Livia, and Son-in-law of Ceſar. ;Qf this marr!
came Germanicus.and Clodins : of the which, Clodius afterwards came to be Emperor. And of th
Sons of Germanicus, the one whoſe name was Cains, came alſo to be Emperor ; who after he had 1i-
centiouſly reigned a time, was ſlain, with his Wife and Daughter. eFgrippina alſo (having a Son by
her firſt Husband Anobarbss, called Lucius Domitins) was afterwards married unto- Clodivs, who
adopted her Son, and called bim Nero Germanicus, This Nero was Emperor in our time, who flew
his-own Mother, and had almoſt deſtroyed the Empire of Rox, through his madneſs and wicked lite,
being the ffrh Emperor of Ro x after eAntonins, | }
Theiond of the-Life of : Antonius,
Of Antonius
Iflue came
Emperors,
THE COMPARISON OF
DEMETRIVUS with eANTONTIVUS.
(vali
©,
WEE Ow, fithence it falleth out, that Demerrins and Antonixs Were one of them
© much like to the other, having fortune alike divers and variable unto them, {et us
therefore come to conſider their Power and Authority, and how they came to
be ſo great. Firſt of all, ir is certain that Demerrixs Power and Greatneſs fell |
® unto him by inheritance from his Father Anrigonus : who became the greueſ The Power of
{® and mightieſt Prince of all the Succelſors of eAlexander, and had won the moſt 2*elfs 20%
part of As1Aa, before Demetri« came of full age. Antoxixs in con Man- —_—
= ner, born of an honeſt man, who otherwiſe was no man of War, and had noc
left him any means to ariſe to ſuch greatneſs, durſt rake upon him to contend for the Empire with Co-
far, that had 'no right unto it by inheritance, bur yer made himſelf Succeſſor of the Power, the which
che other by great pain and travel had obtained, and by his own induſtry becatne ſo great, withour the
help of any other, that the Empire of the whote World being diyided into two parts, he had the one
half, and took that of the greateſt countenance and power. Antonius being abſent, oftentimes over=
Tame the PARTHIA NS in Battle by his Lieutenants, and chaſed away the barbarous People dwelling a-
bour Mount Caucaſus, unto the Sea Hyrcanium, inſomuch as the thing they moſt reprove him for, did
moſt witneſs his greatneſs. For Demetrius Father made him gladly marry Phila, pow 's Daugh-
ter, al ſhe was too old for him : becaule ſhe was of a nobler Houſe then himſelf, 4nronius on
the other ſide was blamed for marrying of Cleopatra,”a Queen that for her Power and Nobility of
Blood, exceeded all other Kings in her time, bur Arſaces : and moreover, made himſelf ſo great, thar
others thought him worthy of greater things, then he himſelf required. Now tor the defire that mo- Demetrius and
vedthe one and the other to conquer Realms, the defire of Demerrixs was unblameable and juſt, defire- 499i am-
ing to reign over People which had been governed at all rimes, and defired to be governed by Kings. ons to go-
But Antonixs defire was altogether wicked and ryrannical, who fought to keep the People of Roms
in bondage and ſubjection, but lately before rid of Ce/ar's reign and government, For the greateſt and
moſt famous Exploit Antonius ever did in Wars (to wit the Warin the which he overthrew Caſſius
and Brutus) was begun to no other end, but ro deprive his Countreymen of their Libercy and Free-
dom, Demetrims in contrary manner, before Fortune had overthrown him, never left to ſet Gaztcs
at liberty, and to drive the Gariſons away, which kept the Cities in bondage, and not like Antonius,
that boaſted he had lain them that had ſer Rows at liberry, The chiefeſt thing they commended in 4n-
ronins was his liberality and bounty, in the which Dewerr;w excelled him ſo far, that he gave more to 74. (erat ity
his Enemies, then Antonius did to his friends : although he was marvellouſly well thought of, for the and bounty of
honourable and ſumptuous Funeral hegave unto Brutus body. Howbeir Demetrixs cauſed all his E- Demetrius and
nemies to be buried that were ſlain in Battle, and returned unto Peolomy the Priſoners he had taken, 4999%i-
with great Gifts and Preſents he gave them. They were both in their proſperity, very riotouſly and Demetrius and
licentiouſly given : bur yet no man can ever ſay, that Demetrius did at any time ever let (lip any oppor- 4n0nivs riors,
tunity or occaſion to follow great matters, but onely gave himſelf indeed to pleaſure, when he had no-
thing elſe todo. And further, to ſay truly, he took pleaſure of Lamia, asa man would have a delight
49 heax onetell tales, when he had nothing elſe to do, or is deſirous to ſleep: but indeed when he was
make any preparation for War, be had not then Ivy at his Darts end, nor had his Helmet perfumed,
nor came out of the Ladies Cloſets picked and print to go to Battle : buthe ler all dancing and ſport-
ing alone, and became as the Poet Euripides faith :
| The Souldier of Mars, cruel and bloody.
But
S
> __ "3&
EY; DEMETRIUS and AN ON IVUS.
But to conclude, he never had overthrow or misfortune through negligence, nor by delaying time to
follow his own pleaſure , -as we ſee in painted Tables; 'where Omphale ſecretly ſtealeth away Hercy.
les Club, and took his Lions skin from him : even ſo Cleopatra oftentimes unarmed Antoning, and en.
- ticedhim toher, making him loſe matters of great importance, and very needfull Journeys, to come
Canobus and and be dandled, with her, about the Rivers of Canobus, and Taphofiris, In the end, as Pars fled from
Tapheſris fl. the Battle, and went to hide himſelf in Helens arms : even ſo did he in Cleopatra's arms ; or to ſpeak
Demetrius and More Properly, P ar hid himſelſin Helens Cloſet, but Antonins ( to follow Cleopatra) fled and
loſt the-ViRory. Furthermore, Demerrix? had pf; Gage that he had married, and all at one time :
Wives, the which was not diſallowable or not forbidden by the Kings of MA c :Do N, but had been uſed from
Antonius the philipand Alexander'vsxime as alſo King Lyſimachxs.and Prtolomy had ; and did honour all them thar
firſtRoman that 4, n.rried. But «Antonius firſt f all married two Wives together, the which never; Roman durſ
cer married .,, before, but himſelf. Secondly, be put away his firſt Rox a Wife, which he bad lawfully mar.
ried, for the love of ſtrange Woman, he fondly tell in fancy withall, and contrary to the Laws and
Antonius
gether. . |
Demetrius laſ- Ordinances of RoMs. And therefore. Demetrius Marriages never hurt him, for any wrong he had
civiouſneſs. done to his Wives: but eAnrot5us contrarily, was undone by his Wives. \Of all the lIaſcivious parts
Dogs not ſuk= tits played, 'none were ſo abominable, as this onely fat of Demerrius. For the Hiſtoriogrz.
Cale, becauſe phers write, thar they wauldnor ſuffer dogs to comeinto the Caſtle of ATM ax 5, becauſe of all Beaſt
of birchery. he istoo buſie with bitchery.: and Demerrins, in Minxerva's Temple itfelf lay with Curtizans, and
The love and there defiled many Citizens Wives. - And belides all this, the horrible Vice of cruelty, which a man
pnpte 9; = would think were leaſt mingled with theſe wanton delights, is joyned with Demetrius concupiſcence ;
hood of Deme- Who ſuffered (or more properly, compelled) the goodlieft young Boy of ATHENS, todie amoſt pi.
trius and tiſulldearh, to ſave himſelf from violence, being taken. And to conclude, Antonixs by his inconti.
Antonius. nency, did no hurt but to himſelf, and Demerrixs did hurt unto all others. Demetrius never bur a.
ny of his friends : but Antonixs ſuffered his Uncle by his Mothers fide to be lain, that he might haye
his will of Cicero to kill him : a thing ſo damnable, wicked, and cruel of it ſelf, that he hardly deſer.
ved to have beeri pardoned, though he had Killed Cicero, to have ſaved his Uncles life, . Now where they
falſified and brake their oaths, the one RO priſoner, and the other killing Alexander,
"Antonius out of doubt had beſt cauſe, and juſteſt colout : for Artabazus had berrayed him, and for.
fakenhim in MztD1a . But Demetrixs (as divers do report) deviſed a falſe matter to accuſe Alexandey,
to cloak the murder he had committed : and ſome think that he did accuſe him, to whoni he himſelf
Pemetrius and Had done injury unto : and wasnot revenged of him, that would do him injury. Furthermore, Deme-
Antonius as +; .; himſelf did noble feats of War, as we have recited of him before : and contrarily, Antonius when
ia Was. 3.725 not there in perſon, wan many ſamoysand great ViRtories by his Lieutenants : and were bod
overthrown being perſonally inBattle, bur yet not both after oneſort. For the one was forſaken of his
men, being Ma cEDONIA NS, and the other contrarily forſook his that wereRoMA Ns : for he fled,
and left them that ventured their lives for his honour, So that the fault the one did, was, that he made
them his Enemies that t for him : and the fault in the other, that he ſo heaftly left them that loved
him beſt, and were moſt faithfull to him, And for their deaths, a man cannot praiſe the one or theo-
ther, but yet Demetrius death was the more reproachfull : for he ſuffered himſelfto be taken Priſoner,
and when he was ſent away to be kept in a ſtrange place, he had the heart to live yet three years longer,
to ſerve his mouth and belly, as brute Beaſts do. Arto5us on the other ſide, ſlew bimſell ( to confeſs
atroth) cowardly, and miſerably, to his great pain and grief; and yet was it before his body came in-
to his Enemies bands.
PO ———_
THE LIFE OF
ARTAXERXES.
403.
A Reaxerxes, the firſt of this Name of all the Kings of Pzrs1a , a Noble
| and courteous Prince as any of all his Houſe , was firnamed Long-hand ,
becauſe his right hand was longer then his left : and he was the Son of
| King Xerxes. But the ſecond , whoſe Life we preſently intend to Write,
| was ſirnamed Afnemoy, as much to ſay, Great memory : and he was
| the Son of the Daughter of the firſt Arraxerxes, For King Darin, and
vl his Wife Paryſats, had four Sons , of the which, the eldeſt was this 4y-
taxerxes, the ſecond Cyrus, and two other younger , Oſtanes and Ox-
athres, Cyrus from the beginning bare che Name of the former Ancient
| Cyrus , which in the PsRS1aN Tongue fignifieth the Sun, But eArra-
xerxes was called before eAr/icas , although Dinos writeth, that he was called Oarſes. Howbeit it is
unlikely , that Cteſ6as ( although his Books otherwiſe be tull of Fables, and as untrue as they are
fond ) ſhould forget the Name of the Prince with whom he dwelt , whom he ſerved, and continu-
ally followed , both him , his Wife and Children. {rs from his cradle was of a hot ſtirring mind,
Artaxerxes in contrary manner , more mild and gentle in all his actions and doings. He was
married to a very fair Lady , by his Father and Mothers commandment : and afterwards kept her
againſt their wills , being forbidden by them. For King Daria his Father, having put his Sons Wives
Brother to death, he would alſo have put her to death : but her Husband with tears made ſuch humble
fait to his Mother for her , that with much ado, he did not onely ger pardon for her life , but grant
alſo that ſhe ſhould not be put from him, This notwithſtanding, his Mother always loved Cyra better
then him , and prayed that he might be King after his Fathers death, Wherefore Cyr being in his
Provinces of As14 by the Sea fide, when he was ſent for to come ro the Court, at what time his Fa-
ther lay ſick of the Diſeaſe hedied : he went thither in good hope his Mother had prevailed with bis
Father, that in his Will he would make him his Heir of the Realm of Pzr$14. For his Mother Pa-
r7ſats alledged a maner very probable,and the which in old time did help King X:rxes in the like cale,
dhvugh Demarat ws counſel], She ſaid that Arſicas was born before her Husband Darius was King,
and Cyrw after he wascrowned King. All this could not prevail : for her eldeft Son Ar/icas , fit-
named
The Parenrage
of Artaxerxcs
Mnemon,
The diverſity
of natures be-
ewixtCyrus and
Antaxerxes,
Artaxerxes , was aſligned King of PER $14, and Cys Governour of Lyn14,and the Kings Arſicas firna.
Lieutenant-Generall of all che low-Countries of As1 a toward the Sea fide, Shortly after King Darin
death, rhe new King Artaxerxes went unto Paſargadesthere to be conſecrated and anointed King by
the Prieſts of the Countrey of P: x51a. The place of this P aſarpa4es, is a Temple dedicated unto
Minerva thergoddeſs of Bartels , as I take it, where the new King muſt be conſecrated ; and when .
X x x comet
med Artaxcre
xes, aſſigned
tobe King of
Perſia.
ARTAHXNERNXNES.
——_—
Tke manner
of conſecrating
of the Kings
of Perſia, at
Paſargadcs,
Cyrus accuſed
"unto his Bro.
ther Artaxer-
XEF,
Cyrus lay in
wairto kill
Artaxerxes.
Note the flat.
tery and difſ;=
mulation of a
Woman,
Artaxerxes
courteous, and
caſte to have
accels unto,
Artaxerxes
liberality ro a
poor man thar
ave him a
ittle water.
Tiribatus
lightnets,and
Artaxcrxes
liberality,
S$tatyra, King
Artaxerxcs
Wife.
cometh into the Temple, he putteth off his Gown , and putteth on that which the old Ancient Cy-
ru Wore before he was King. F ore, he muſt eat of a certain Tart or Fricacy made of
Figs with Turpentine : and chen he drink a Drink made with Vineger and Milk, There are
alto certain other ſecret Ceremonies which they muſt keep, and none do know, but the very Prieſts
themſelves, Now Arraxerxes being, ready to enter into all theſe Ceremonies , T3/aphernes came
unto him , and brought fin one of the Prieſts that had been Cyr»s School-maſter in his youth, and
had taught him Magick ; who by reaſon ſhould have been more offended then any man elſe , for
that he was not appointed King. And this was the cauſe why they beleeved him the better , when he
accuſed” Cyrus ; for he ſaid : That Cyrxs had conſpired treaſon againſt the King his Brothers own
Perſon , and that he meant traiterouſly to kill him in the Temple , when he ſhould put off his
Gown. Some-do report, that Cyrus was apprehended upon this ſimple accuſation by word of
mouth. Others write alſo , that Cyr came into the Temple , and hiding himſelf , he was taken
with the manaer , and bewrayed by the Prieſt. So , as he was going to ſuffer death, his Mother took
C5ras in her armes , and wound the hair of her heaq about his neck, and ried him ſtraightly to her;
and withall ſhe wept: ſo bitterly , and made {uch pitifull moan unto the King her Son, that
through her interceſſion , the King granted him his life , and ſent him again into his Countrey and
Government. Bur this ſatisfied not Cyr , neither did he ſo much remember the King his Brothers
favour unto him, in granting this his lite, as he did the deſpite he had offered him , to be made pri-
ſoner. Inſomuch that for this grudge and evill will, he ever after had a greater deſire then before to
be King. Some Writers alledge, that he entred into aCtuall rebellion againſt his Brother by force
of arms , becauſe he had not ſufficient revenue to defray the ordinary expence of his Houſe ; how.
beit it is a meer. folly to ſay ſo. For, though he had no other help but his Mother , he might have
had of her what he would have taken and defired. Again , to ſhew that of himſelf he had ability
enough, we-need but alledge rhe Souldiers and ſtrangers he gave pay unto in divers places , (as X+-
»ophen writeth, ) For he brought them not altogether into one Army , becauſe he deſired to keep
his enterpriſe as ſecret as he could : but he had friends and Servants that leavied them if divers places,
and under divers colours. And furthermore, he had his Mother alway about the King , that cleared
all ſuſpicions conceived againſt him. He himſelf alſo on the other fide , whileft he made theſe pre.
paratiens, wrote very humbly unto his Brother, ſometime asking Tomewhat of him , and another
rime accuſing T/aphernes : all to blind the King , ro make him think that he bent all his malice and
ſpite againſt him : beſides that, the king of his own nature was ſomewhat dull and ſlow , which the
common Peoplethought to proceed of his courtefie and good nature. Art his firſt coming tothe
Crown , he followed the firſt Artaxerxes goodneſs and courtefie , by whom he. had his Name, For
he gave morecafie audience unto Suiters : he did alſo more honourably reward and recompence thoſe
that had deſerved well : and he uſed ſuch moderation in puniſhing of Offenders, that it appeared he
did itnot of any malicious mind and defire of revenge , nor yet of will to hurtany man, When he
had any thing given him, he took it asthankfully , as they offered it him, anddid as willingly and
frankly alſo give again. - For, how little a thing ſoever was offered him, he took it well, Anditis
reported., that one Rom/es on a time preſenting him a marvellous faire Pomegranate : By the Sun
{ faid be ) this man-in a ſhort time , of a little Town would make a great City , if he were made
Governour of it, Another time there was a poor Labourer ſeeing every man give the King a preſent,
ſome one thing , ſome another, as he paſſed by them : he having nothing at hand to give him, ran to
the Rivers fide, and-took both his hands full of water, and came and offered it-him, King eArtaxer-
xes was ſoglad of it , that he ſenthim in a Cup of Maflie Gold , a thouſand Dareckes, which were
pieces of Gold ſo named, becauſe the Image of Darius was ſtamped upon them. And unto one Excli-
du a LAaCEDEAMONIAN , that preſumed to give him bold words, it pleaſed him to anſwer by one of
his Caprains : Thou maiſt ſay what thou liſt ; and I as King , may ſay and do what T lift, Another
time as he was an hunting , T 5r:bazu ſhewed the King his Gown that was all to tattered : Well, faid
the King , and what wouldeſt thou have me to do? Tjribazw anſwered him, I pray your Grace take
another , and give me that you have on. The King did ſo , and told him : Tiribazxs ,1 give thee my
Gown, but I command thee not to wear. it. 7iribazus tookit, and cared not for the Kings com-
mandment that he ſhould not wear it ; not that he was any evill diſpoſed man , but becauſe he
was a fond lightheaded fellow that cared for nothing : thereupon he ſtraight put the Kings Gown
on his back , and not contented therewith , he did beſides ſet on many Jewels of Gold which Kings
onely are wont to wear , and Womens Trinkets and Ornaments, Therewithall every man in the
Court murmured at him , becauſe it was a preſumption, direQly againſt the Laws and Ordinances of
PERSIA, Howbeit the King but laughed at it, andtold him : I give thee leave Tiribazus to wear
thoſe Womens gawds as a Woman, and the Kings Robe as a foole. Furthermore , where the man-
ner was in PERs14, that no Perſon ſate at the Kings Board, but his Mother and Wife, of the which,
his Mother fate uppermoſt, and his Wife lowermoſt : Arraxerxes made his two Brethren Oſtanes and
Oxathyes fit at his own Board : but yet he pleaſed the PzRs14 Ns beſt of all becauſe he was content his
Wife Sratyra ſhould fir openly-in her Chariot , and chat ſhe might be ſeen and reverenced by the
other Ladies of the Countrey, And this made him ſingularly beloved of the People. Now, ſuch as
defired innovation and change, and that could not away with quiet life , gave out that the Realm of
PERSTA required ſuch a Prince as Cyrxs , that was liberall of nature, given to arms, and great-
ly rewarded. his Servants ; and that the greatneſs of the Empire of Pzrs14 ſtood in need of a
King whoſe mind was bent to high attempts and noble enterpriſes, So Cyras thereypon began =
make
.F iS, oy = j i* 4 6” *
6 - 4 :
Md Ya. = 20.
" £0 3 A.
\ - toad - » : _ Lk 4
= oO OO
—
789
—
gn”
make War upon his Brother , not oF truſting unto them that were of the low Countries about
bim, but hoping of thoſe alſo in the igh Provinces near unto the King. Furthermore he wrote Cyrus makerh
alſo unto the LaczD&MONIANS , to pray them to ſend him men of War, promiſing to give War againſt
the Footmen they ſent , Horles , and the Horſemen Coaches ; Landed men , whole Villages ; and to 5 Brother
thoſe that had Villages , to give them Cities : beſides all this , that for the ordinary wages of them —_ x
that ſhould ſerve him in this War , he would not pay them by account , but by full meaſure, And full nemifes, .
boaſting largely of himſelf , he ſaid he had a greater mind then his Brother , that he could better a- 7
way with hardneſs then he, that he underſtood Magick better then he ; and that he could drink
more Wine then he , and carry it better : and that the King his Brother in contrary manner was ſg
womaniſh and fearfull, that when he went a hunting , he durſt ſcarce ger up upon his Horſe back ;
and when he went to the Wars , he would hardly take his Chariot. When the Lactpamont.
ANS had read his Letters , they ſent a little ſcrole unto Clearchns , commanding him to obey (rus
in any thing he would command him. So Cyr«« did ſet forward to make War againſt his Brother, ha-
ving leavied a great number of fighting men of barbarous Nations, and of GREc1As, little leſs
then thirteen thouſand men : ſometime advertiſing one cauſe , ſometime another , why he leavied
ſuch a multitude of men. But his purpoſe could not be long diflembled : for 7:/aphernes went him=
ſelf unto the Court, to bring news of his attempt, Then all the Court was ſtraight in an uproar
withall, Many men alſo did accuſe the Queen-Mother , for the practiſe of this War, and all her
friends and Servants were vehemently ſuſpe&ted to be Conſpiratours with Cy : but the greateſt
thing that troubled Paryſat& moſt , was Queen Statira her Daughter-in-law, who ſtormed marvel-
loully to ſee this War begun againſt King Arraxerxes ber Husband, and inceſſantly cried our on her :
O, whereis the Faith thou yowedſt by Oath? whereto are thy interceilions come , thou madeſt for
the pardon of his life, who now conſpireth his Brothers death ? By ſaving of his life, art not thou
now the cauſe of this War and troubles we ſee at hand ? after this reproach and ſhame received b
Statira, Paryſatis being a cruell and malicious woman of nature, ſo hated her, that from hencetonk
ſhe ſought all the ways ſhe could to put her to death. And Dizen the Hiſtoriographer faith, that du-
ring this War, ſhe did executeher wicked purpoſe upon her : but Creſiphas writeth , that it was after
the War. And therefore it is liker that he being daily in the King of Pzrs14a's Coutr, ſhould cer-
rainly know the time when ſhe did execute her Treaſon againſt her ; and alſo there is no cauſe why he
ſhould rather write in any other time , then in that which the fact was done : although in many
other places he commonly uſeth to fain, and to write devices of his own head. Therefore let us
leave the report of this fa to the ſelf-ſame time and placeas he hath written it. Now when Cyrss
drew near unto his Brothers Countrey , he had newes , and a rumour ran through his Camp ,
that the King was not determined to come and fight with him ſo ſoon : and that he meant firſt ro
go further into PERS1A , and to tarry there till be had gathered his Army together our of all. parts,
And for proof hereof, the King having caſt a great Trench of ten yards broad , and as many high,
the ſpace of four hundred ho_ in length; he left it wichout guard, and let Cyrxs win it , who
came on further without any reſiſtance , even to the very City it ſelf of BasyLoNn. Howbeit in the
end, Tiribaz#s ( as it is reported) was the firſt man that durſt tell the King,that he ſhould nor flie fight
in that ſort , nor hide himſelf in the fartheſt part of PeRs14 , leaving his Enemy and Realms of Mz-
DIA, BaBYLON,and Susa : conſidering alſo that he had many more Souldiers in readineſs then his
Enemy , andan infinite number of Captains more skiltull, and able to give counſell , and to fight,
then he was. Theſe words of Tiribazus made the King alter his mind , .and to determine to give
Battell as ſoon as be could. Thereupon he marched forward againſt his Enemy , with nine bundred yqyraxerxes
thouſand fighting men , excellently well armed, and marching in very good order. That marvellouſ- army of nine
ly aſtonied Cyr«s men , and made them afraid at the firſt when they ſaw them in ſo excellent good hundred theu-
order before them : for that they were diſperſed ſtraggling here and there without any order , and ** aghting
men unarmed, truſting too much in themſelves in deſpiſing of their Enemy : ſo that Cyr»s had þ;; Br2.he
much ado to ſer his men in Battel-ray , and yer was it with great noiſe and rumult. But the Gr - cyrus.
CIANS wondered moſt of all other, when they ſaw the Kings Army march in ſo good order of Battell
without any noiſe : for they thought to have ſeen a wonderfull great diforder and confuſion, in
ſuch an infinite multitude of People ; and ſuppoſed they would have made ſuch a noiſe , that one of
them ſhould not have heard another. Where indeed to the contrary , all, was ſo well martialed ,
ſpecially becauſe he had placed before his Battell the beſt Carts he ha, armed with Sithes, and
drawn with the ſtrongeſt and biggeſt Horſes he had inall his Army : hoping by the fierceneſs and fur
of their carier , ro break into the Ranks of the Enemies, before they could come to joyn wi
theirs, But fith this Battell is deſcribed by divers Hiſtoriographers , and ſpecially by Xexo-
phon , who hath ( as a man would ſay ) lively ſer it out to the eye ; and ſerteth it forth to the Reader,
not 25a Battell already fought , but preſently a fighting , tirring up their minds , as if themſelves X7290n the
were in the aQion and inſtant danger { he hath ſo paſlingly ſer it dowfi;) it were buta folly there- pher pens. "i
fore of me to take upon me to make any further deſcription of it , ſaving to touch ſome ſpeciall ly deſcriberh |
points worthy of note , which he peradventure hath lefr our. As, the place where the Battell was **is Bartell
fought , is called Couna xa , five hundred furlongs from Bazyton : and how that before the ——oupary
Bartel C/earchu gave Cyrus counſell to keep behind the ſquadron of the Gxtec1aNs , and not Rrocher Cyrus.
to hazard his perſon among the firſt : and that Cyrs anſwered him , What ſayeſt thou Clearchus? |
wouldeſt thoy have me that ſtrives to be King , to ſhew my ſelf unworthy to be a King? Bur
Crs having wade this fault, not ftanding upon his ſafery and guard , but overraſhly thruſting
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himſelf into great danger , Clearchus ſelf alſo committed as a great fault (if it were not worſe )
<:fery in 2Ge.. When he would'not ſet his men in order direQtly againſt the Battell of the Enemies ; where the Ki
ncrall,requi= Perſon ſtood , but went and pend them up by the Rivers fide , being afraid leaſt they ſhould have
fire in Bactell. heen compaſſed in behind, For if he would have looked ſo ftraightly to himſelf , and have pro.
Fog vided every way for his ſafety , that no man might come to hurt him, he ſhould have kept himſelf
proyed, | at home, and not have ſtirred one foot out of the doors. But fith he had come fo far, as from
; the low Countries of As14 , unto the place where the Field was fought, and uncompelled , onely
ro put Cyr»s in his Fathers Seat and Imperiall Crown , to go chuſe a place in the Bartel , not where
he might do his Lord beſt ſervice that had hired him , but rather where he might fight more ar
his eaſe , and at leſs danger , it was even as much, as if through cowardlineſs his wits had been ta.
ken from him when he ſhould have fought , or that through treaſon he had forſaken his Enterpriſe.
For, to prove that the Troops which were about the Kings perſon , had never been able to have
received the charge of the GxEcI1ans, and that thoſe being overthrown , the King had been
ſlain: in the field, or elſe forced to flie, and that Cyrys had won the Field , and by this Vito.
ry had been King , the ſucceſs of this Battell doth plainly ſhew it. And therefore Clearchus
over-curious reſpe& , deſerved more blame for the loſs of this Battell , then Cyr«s over hardi.
neſs. For if King Artaxerxes would have choſen or wiſhed a place where the GrEciaxs
might have done him leſs hurt , he could not have deviſed a fitter place that was fo far from
him, and from. whence the GREcIans could neither ſee nor hear what was done where he was,
aSit fell out in the ſequel, For Cyr-s was (lain before he could prevail by Clearchns Vidtory , he
was ſo far from him: and furthermore, Cyr»s therein knew before what was meeteſt to be done.
For hecommanded {Vearchas to place bimſelf with his company in the middeſt of the Battell : who
anſwered him , he 1hould take no thought for any thing , for he would ſee all rhings well ordered.
And when he had ſaid ſo, he marred all afterwards : tor where the GxEc1ans were, they over-
threw the barbarous people that made head againſt them , and had them in chaſe while they were
Peſacas, Cyrus VEAry of following them. Cyr#s being mounted upon a hot ſtirring Horſe , that bad a hard head
» Cyrus | : »
orle. and was very fierce and dogged, called Paſacas , as Crejias writeth , Artagerſes , ' the Governour
Artagerſesthe of the Province of the Capusans , ſpied him a far off, and when he had found him , clapped
Goyernour of ſpurs to his Horſe, and came with full carrier unto him , and cried out : O Traytour, and moſt
>=" "oj unfaithfull and deſperate man , thou now diſhonoureſt the name of Cyrus ( which is the goodlieſt
giverh charge and moſt honourablename of all the P=x$1ans,) for that thou haſt brought ſo valiant Gze-
upon Cyrus, CIANS hither to ſo wicked an enterpriſe, to ſpoil the PxRs1aNs goods., in hope to deſtroy
thy ſoveraign Lord: and onely Brother , who hath an infinite number of ſlaves and Servants far
honeſter men then thou wilt be while thou liveſt , and that chou ſhalt preſently know by proof, for
thou ſhalt die before thou ſee the King thy Brothers face : and therewithall he threw his Dart at him
with all the force he had, But Cyrus Armour was ſo good , that it pierced him not : yet theblow
came with ſuch good will, that it made him ſtagger on his Horſe back. When Arragerſes had given
him that blow ; he preſently turned his Horſe. But Cyrxs therewithall threw a Dart at him ſo happi-
os that he ſlew him right in the place above the bone that joyneth rhe two ſhoulders together : fo
Cyrus flew that the head of his Dart, ran quite through his neck. Now , that Cyras ſlew Artagerſes with his
Artagerſes, ownhands in the Field, all the Hiſtoriographers do agree upon it: but for the death ot Cyras, be-
cauſe Xexophos toucherh it but a little by the way,for that he was not preſent in the very place where he
Dinons report was. ſlain , it hal not. be hurtfull particularly to ſer down the manner thereof, both according to
of Cyrus death. the report of Diner, and alſo of Cteſias. Firſt, Dinon writeth,that after Cyrus bad ſlain Artager-
ſes, he went with great fury, and flew in _ the Troop of them which were neareſt unto the
Kings Perſon, and that he came ſo near the King,that he ſlew his Horſe ftark dead under him, and the
King fell to the ground withall. But Tribazus that was hard by him, ftraight mounted the King a-
gain upon another Horſe, and ſaid unto him : Your Grace will remember this Battell another day,
for it isnotto be forgotten, And Cyrss clapping ſpurs again to his Horſe, threw another Dart at
Artaxerxes, and hit him, But at thethird charge, the King told them that were about him , he could
not abide this, and that he had rather die then ſuffer it : ſo therewithall he ſpurring his Horſe to charge
'Cyra:( who came fiercely and deſperately,having an infinite number of blows with Darts thrown at
him on every fide) threw his Dart at him alſo. So did all thoſe that were about his Perſon: and fo
was Cyrxs ſlain in this Conflict, Some ſay , that he was ſlain with the wound his Brother the King
gave him, Others ſay, that ir was a man at arms of the Countrey of Car a, unto whom the King
or reward of his good ſervice, gave the honour in all Bartels to carry before the firſt Rank, a Cock
The Cariens Of Gold on the top of a Spear : for the PExS1aNs do call the Carrans Cocks, becauſe in
be called the Wars they uſe to wear creſts in the top of their Head-pieces. And this is Di»ons report. Bur
Cocks, becauſe Creſias , tO couch in few words that which Dinor reporteth at large, ſaith : that Cyrus after he had
they weat ſlain Artagerſes , galloped on the ſpur againſt the King himſelf , and the King againſt him , and
creſts on their £ _—_ 5 ,
Head. pieces. not a word between them both, Aries one of Cyrgs flatterers , threw the firft Dart'at the King,
Ctefas repore but killed him not : and the King with all his force again threw his Dart , chinking to have hit Cy-
of Cyrus death. ys", but he miſſed him , and ſlew T/aphernes, one of the,yalianteſt and ſtoureſt men Cyr#s had about
Artaxerxc«s him , who fell down dead. Then Cyras hit Artaxerxes ſo ſore a blow on bis Breaſt , that he pier-
ure by Cyrus. (24 his- Armour, andentred into his fleſh two fingers deep. The King with this blow fell down
to the ground : therewithall the moſt part of his men abour him were fo afraid , that they for-
ſook him and fled. Howbeit he got up again , with the help of others that were about =
2000 | | among
___ ART FXERXES
amongſt whom Creſias ſaid he was one , and ſo recovered-a. little, Hill afar, off to take a little }.
breach. In the, mean time ; Cyrus Horle that was hot in the mouth , and bard headed , 45 we have
told. you , carried bis Maſter jn ſpite of his beart far from his-men , arhong his Enemies, and no
man knew hat, becauſe it was, night , and his men were very buſie in ſeeking for him. But Crs
boping he had won the Victory, being of a hor ſtirring nature, and valianc , he went up and your
in4bechickeſt of his Enemies, crying out in the PERS1AN roy - : Save. your ſelyes poor men,
fave your ſelves... When they heard. him ſay ſo , ſome made a Jane for him+to paſs by them, and
did hum reverence : but by evill fortune his Tiara ( which is the high Royall Hat after the Pzxs 14%
manner ) tell off, from his head,”: Then a young Pzrs1an called Mithridates, by him, hit him
a blow with his Dart upon one of bis Temples , hard by his Eye, not knowing. what he was. His
wound ſtraight fell on a marvellous bleeding. Whereupon , Cyr ſtaggering at it , fell onthe ground ©7% hurr,
if. a wound, and his Horſe, ran away from him : 
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